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A47049 The most notable antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called Stone-Heng on Salisbvry plain restored by Inigo Jones ... Jones, Inigo, 1573-1652.; Webb, John, 1611-1672. 1655 (1655) Wing J954; ESTC R13850 63,898 123

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Stonehenge Situated in the midst of the Plains 6 Miles distant from the City of Satisbury is esteemed one of the wonders of England It is a great huddle of large unpolisht Stones placed in a circular fashion but in such an irregular manner that it s affirmed to be impossible to count their Number some of these Stones are 30 feet high and there are some Stones laid across the Tops of others that all the strength of Man could not perform without the help of Engines nor are there any Carriages now in use that could carry such prodigious Bodies of Stone so that how they came there no body can imagine for there is no such Stone within 100 Miles of it nor any Quarries of Stone in any Countries about Most Authors are silent concerning the Compilers of this Stupenduous Work the best of them are only uncertain Guessers IGNATII IONES MAG BRIT ARCHITECTI GENERALIS VERA EFFÍGIES THE most notable ANTIQUITY OF GREAT BRITAIN vulgarly called STONE-HENG ON SALISBURY PLAIN RESTORED By INIGO IONES Esquire Architect Generall to the late KING LONDON Printed by Iames Flesher for Daniel Pakeman at the sign of the Rainbow in Fleetstreet and Laurence Chapman next door to the Fountain Tavern in the Strand 1655. TO The Right Honourable PHILIP Earle of Pembroke and Montgomerie Baron Herbert of Caerdiff and Sherland Lord Parr and Rosse of Kendall Lo Fitzhugh Marmyon and Saint Quintin c. STONE-HENG restored is humbly dedicated by Your LOds devoted servant Iohn Webb TO THE FAVOURERS OF ANTIQVITY THis Discourse of Stone-heng is moulded off and cast into a rude Form from some few indigested notes of the late judicious Architect the Vitruvius of his age Inigo Iones That so venerable an Antiquity might not perish but the world made beholding to him for restoring it to light the desires of severall his learned Friends have encouraged me to compose this Treatise Had he survived to have done it with his own hand there had needed no Apology Such as it is I make now yours Accept it in his name from I. W. STONEHENG RESTORED BY INIGO IONES Esquire BEing naturally inclined in my younger years to study the Arts of Designe I passed into forrain parts to converse with the great Masters thereof in Italy where I applied my self to search out the ruines of those ancient Buildings which in despight of Time it self and violence of Barbarians are yet remaining Having satisfied my self in these and returning to my native Countrey I applied my minde more particularly to the study of Architecture Among the ancient monuments whereof found here I deemed none more worthy the searching after then this of Stoneheng not only in regard of the Founders thereof the Time when built the Work it self but also for the rarity of its Invention being different in Forme from all I had seen before likewise of as beautifull Proportions as elegant in Order and as stately in Aspect as any King Iames in his progresse the year one thousand six hundred and twenty being at Wilton and discoursing of this Antiquity I was sent for by the right Honourable William then Earl of Pembrook and received there his Majesties commands to produce out of mine own practise in Architecture and experience in Antiquities abroad what possibly I could discover concerning this of Stoneheng What mine opinion was then and what I have since collected in relation thereunto I intend to make the subject of this present Treatise And certainly in the intricate and obscure study of Antiquity it is far easier as Camden very well observes to refute and contradict a false then to set down a true and certain resolution For mine own part in what I shall here deliver I intend not to struggle against any opinion commonly and long since received Let every man judge as it pleaseth him What opinion soever the Reader inclines to I shall not make much materiall my aime being a desire only to vindicate as much as in me lies the Founders of this venerable Antiquity from oblivion and to make the truth as far forth as possibly I may appeare to all men Severall Writers both Strangers and our own Countreymen have treated of Stoneheng Before recite whose opinions I think not amisse to seek this subject from the most ancient times endevouring thereby to give satisfaction whether or no the Druides alias Druidae in Authors indifferently written and in old time the Priests of the Britans and Gauls or the ancient Britans for the Druid's use might not be the Founders of so notable a monument which if they were there is then no cause why bestow farther study or pains in searching who the Founders were but acquiesce in the honour of our own Nations first erection of it As far neverthelesse as from History ancient or moderne may be gathered there is little likelyhood of any such matter considering especially what the Druid's were also what small experience the Britans anciently inhabiting this Isle had in knowledge of what ever Arts much lesse of building with like elegancy and proportion such goodly works as Stoneheng Concerning the Druid's in the first place true it is they are reported in ancient times to have been in great esteeme in this Island where their discipline and manner of learning was supposed to be first invented and from hence translated into Gaul Disciplina in Britannia reperta saith Caesar atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimatur They are said in like manner to have ordered and disposed all divine matters as well in relation to their severall kinds of Sacrifices as to expounding whatever rites of their idolatrous superstition insomuch you may call them if you please the Bishops and Clergy of that Age Their power moreover and preheminence was not confined within the strict limits of sacred matters but enjoying a more large prerogative temporall negotiations and affairs of State were transacted by them the managing of Peace and War was usually remitted to their Authority even when Armies were ready to joyn in Battell Publica iis saith Strabo privata judicia committuntur aliquando causis bellorum disceptandis jam acie congressuros composuerunt Judges they were saith Caesar also in almost all civill and criminall causes sentence they gave in case of life and death decide they did controversies and debates betwixt party and party finally whatever else was requisite and convenient to keep the people in due obedience to their Princes they wholly took the care and charge of These were the maine affaires wherein the employment of the Druides consisted and whereunto they wholly addicted themselves Whosoever desires to know more of them may read Caesar Diodorus Siculus Strabo Pliny Diogenes Laertius Ammianus Marcellinus and such like ancient Authors But whatsoever these or other Historians have written of the Druides certainly Stoneheng could not be builded by them in regard I find no mention they were at any time either studious in Architecture which in this