Shires and Counties but of Cities and Towns haue been and are as well Creations as the denominations of them Salisburie Chichester Bridgwater Arundel and the like shew it Although as anciently in France I doubt not but with vs heretofore chief Citeis of a Countie haue denominated the Earls which were of the whole Countie But that of Arundel hath been by ancient resolution singled out as it were for a speciall kind of Earldom the honor proceeding more from seisin of the Castle of Arundel then later Creations or Restitutions For although it had a beginning for l Camden in Regnis the tiâ—le from Maud the Empresse to William de Albineto to whom her son Henry II. gaue the Rape of Arundel Tenendum de eo per seruitium IXXXIV Militum dimid and that Richard I. granted to William sonne to the first William the Castle of Arundel which yet was it seems his enheritance before descended from his mother Adeliza daughter to Godfrey Duke of Lorrain and Brabant cum toto Honore de Arundel tertium Denarium de Placitis de Suffex vnde Comes est yet in Parliament in time of the Fitz-Alans to which noble Family it was transferd by marriage with a femal heire of De Albineto vpon a Petition exhibibited by Iohn Fitz-Alan then Earl it was after deliberation adiudged m Rot. Parl. 11. Hen. 6. art 32. 33. seqq that he should haue place as Possessor of the Castle without other respect Considerato qualitèr Ricardus Filius Alani consanguineus ancestor to Iohn vnus Haeredum Hugonis de Albiniaco the same with de Albineto dudum Comitis Atundel fuit seisitus de Dicto Castro Honore Dominio de Arundel in Dominico suo vt de feodo ratione possessionis suae eorundem Castri Honoris Dominij absque aliqua alia ratione vel Creatione in Comitem fuit Comes Arundel nomen statum Honorem Comitis Arundel necnon locum sedem Comitis Arundel in Parliamento Consilio Regis quandiu vixerat pacificè habuit possedit absque aliqua calumnia reclamatione vel impedimento The Petition was in this form Please au Roi nostre Souerain Seigneur d' accepter vostre humble leige Iohn Count d' Arundel ore present en vostre seruice deins vâ—stre Roialme de France a son lieu pur seier en vâ—stre Parlement come en vostre Counseil come Count d' Arundel considerant que ses ancestors Counts d' Arundel seigneurs del Castel Honour seigneurie d' Arundel ont ewe lour lieu a seier en les Parlements conseilx de vos tresnobles progenitors du temps d'ont memorie ne court per reason de la Castel Honour Seigneurie auant dits as quex le dit nom de Count ad este vnie annexe de temps suisdit des queux Castel Honour Seigneurie le dit suppliant est a present seise This was in XI Henry VI. and afterward in XXVII of the same King a great controuersie grew in Parliament about precedence twixt William Earl of Arundel brother of this Iohn and Thomas Earle of Deuonshire The matter after that Act of XI and other profes were produced on both sides was referd to the Iudges of the Common laws But they as the n Rot. Parl. 27. Hen. 6. art 18. Record speaks saien and declaren after their conceits that it is a matter of Parlement longing to the Kings Highnesse and to his Lords Spirituall and Temporall in Parlement by them to be decided and determined How bee it that the said act mencion but only that the said Iohn late Earle of Arundel brother of the said William whos heire he is shuld haue his sete Place and Preeminence in the Kings presence as well in his Parlements and Councells as elswhere as Erle of Arundel as in the same Act more openly hit appereth in which act beth not expressed in writing the heirs of the same late Erle notwithstanding that he was seised and enherited to the Castel Hononr and Lordship of Arundel whereto the said name Estate and Dignity of Erle of Arundel is and of time that no mind is hath bin vnyed and annexed and by that reason he beene and had that name and not by way of Creation as the same Iudges vnderstonde by reason of the same Acte Hereupon the King and the Lords determined that hee should haue his place in Parlament and the Kings Councell as Earle by reason of the Castell Lordship and Honour of Aruâ—del as Worshipfully so saies the Roll as euer did ony of his Ancestors Erles of Arundel afore this time for him and for his heires for euer more aboue the said Erle of Deuonshire and his heires For Arundel thus much As touching the formalitie of their Creations in the more ancient it seems nothing but a Charter vsually made them with vs. In King Iohns time remembrance is made of the Sword of the Countie Hee at his Coronation accinxit saith Roger of Houeden Willielmum Marescallum gladio Comitatus de Striguil Striguil is in Monmouthshire and from it were the old Earles of Penbroke so calld Gaufridum filium Petri Gladio Comitatus de Essex qui licet anteà vocati essent Comites administrationem suorum Comitatuum habuissent tamen non erant accincti gladio Comitatus ipsi illa die seruierunt ad mensam Regis accincti gladijs This forme hath ancient originall In one of o Variar Form 1. lib. 7. Cassiodor's Precedents for the Dignity of the Comitiua Prouinciae you read Tua Dignitas à terroribus ornatur quae Gladio bellico rebus etiam pacatis accingitur I imagine it was in vse before King Iohn and that it was the proper Inuestiture of that age Houeden speaks not of it as a new inuention And of them what an p Bracton de Rer. diuis lib. 1. cap. 8. §. 2. vide cum lib. 2. c. 16. §. 3. old Lawyer of England neer that time hath I transcribe Reges tales sibi associant ad consulendum Regendum populum Dei ordinantes eos in magno Honore Potestate nomine quando accingunt eos gladijs i. ringis gladiorum Ringae enim dicuntur ex eo quòd Renes gyrant circundant vnde dicitur Accingere gladio tuo c. Et Ringae cingunt renes talium vt custodiant se ab incestu luxuriae quia luxuriosi incestuosi Deo sunt abominabiles Gladius autem significat defensionem Regni Patriae And in most of the ancient Creations in Parlament the girding with a sword is the chief and onely ceremony with the Charter deliuerd So was Edmund q Rot. Parl 36. Ed. 3. memb 4. sonne to Edward III. made Earle of Cambridge and Michael de la Poole * Rot. Parl. 9. Rich. 2. Memb. 5. vnder Richard II. Earle of Suffolk whom the King Gladio cinxit prout decet as the Roll saith and before any of these Hugh
time professe or read it But when Lothar took Amalfi hee there found an old Copie of the Pandects or Digests which hee gaue as a precious Monument to the Pisans hence it was called h U. Ang. Politian lib. 10. Epist. Marquard Breisacio Litera Pisana from whom it hath been since in M. CD XC VI. translated to Florence where in the Dukes Palace it is almost with Religion preserued and neuer brought forth but with Torches Light and other Reuerence Vnder this Emperor Lothar began the Law to be profest at Bologna where i Odofredus apud Sigonium de Regno Italiae lib. 11. et 7. Irner or Werner as Conrad à Lichtenaw calls him first made Glosses on it about the beginning of Fr. Barbarossa in M. C. L. and by the fauor of this Lothar was Bologna vpon the aduise of Irner it seems constituted to bee k Verba Lotharij ap P. Merul. Cosmog part 2. lib. 4. cap. 33. Legum Iuris Schola vna sola And here was the first Time and Place of that Profession in the Western Empire But Iustinian expressely ordaind that none should teach the Ciuill Lawes except l Constit. de Iuris docendi rat §. Haec autem only in Constantinople Rome and Berytus which although Bartol interprets as of necessitie he was driuen to maintain his Profession with Nisi tempore ius Academiae sit quaesitum yet why then was Bologna no place for the Laws vnder Iustinian for they pretend there to haue been as an Vniuersitie from the Grant of Theodosius the yonger in CD XXIII Plainly vnder Iustinian who euer had taught out of one of those three Cities was Denarum librarum * About thirtie pounds of our monie auri poena plectendus and to be banisht out of the Citie where hee durst so professe Neither would the matter of being a Vniuersitie haue helpt it But before Lothar the Gouernment was by the Salique m Sigon de Reg. Ital. 4. et 8. sub A. 1007. Lombardian and Roman Laws the Roman beeing some piece of what had been vsd in Rome euerie one liuing according to either of them as hee would make choise About the same time also the two Bastard brothers by whose worth and of the third Peter Comestor their Mother thought shee should bee sau'd neither would repent but trusted to hir merit in bearing three so famous Gratian a Monk in Bologna and Peter Lombard at Paris one made the Decree the first Volume autorised for Can on Law by Pope Eugenius III and the other the Sentences Such as since haue writen on the Digests 〈◊〉 Code vntill the cleerer light of Learning began mongst our Fathers talk for the most part like Rablais his Bridoye Some most honord of later time that vnderstood their Text and studied the Laws as well because they would curiously know as bee meerely * Continuall Practisers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue with iudgment instructed in part of this Purpose The Margine confesses without blushing their and all other mens helps If either Enuie or Ignorance question how I bred from the bottome of Obscuritie and so farre from Court-Custome should dare at these Honors let it know I learn'd long since from a Great Clerk that Robert Bishop of Lincoln vnder Henrie III That there was in Libraries greater aid to the true vnderstanding of Honor and Nobilitie then mongst Gold and Purple outsides Hee beeing demanded by the King Vbi n Io. de Aton in Constit. Othoboni tit de Bonis Intestat verb. Baronum Moraturam didicit quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni quos secum habuerat Domicellos instruxerat cum non de Nobili prosapia sed de simplicibus traxisset originem fertur intrepidè respondisse that hee was taught it in the Courts of greater Princes then the K. of England meaning of those Ancients whose Courts were represented in his Volumes of Storie In Coniectures I durst not bee too bold Where but meer fancie can direct it were ridiculous to regard them but when they seem to offer themselues they deserue the choise of Iudgment That Religious abstinence of the old Iews who referd all such Dignos vindice Nodos as were too difficult for their humanitie to Elias his resolution were good to be proportionably more obseru'd in all Learning especially by those which are and too manie are so vnfortunat in their ghesses that on the apparantly worst of diuers they often insist Malicious Censure I regard not Ingenuous I honor Reader Farewell The summe and first Pages of the Chapters The chiefe Matter only of them the particulars being in the Contents before euery Chapter Of the first Part. CHAP. I. THe beginning of a Monarchie the first King pag. 1 CHAP. II. Difference of King and Emperor and much of them the great Duke or Emperor of Muscouy or Russia pag. 18. CHAP. III. Lord. Lord of Ireland Shah and the like pag. 46. CHAP. IV. Caesar Augustus Pharaoh Most Christian King Catholike King Defender of the Faith and such like pag. 68. CHAP. V. Prester Iohn Cham or Chan. Chaliph Amir Almumenin Of the Alcoran Persian Sophi Schach Xa Saa and the like pa. 85. CHAP. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Persons Maiesty Speaking in the Abstract or Concret Worship and 〈◊〉 pag. 114 CHAP. VII Annointing of Kings Crowns A disputation against receiued opinion of Crowns Tulipant Crowns of seuerall Princer Scepters Globe and Crosse. Croissant of the Mahumedans pag. 128. Of the second Part. CHAP. 1. PRinces apparant successors Caesar. Rex Romanorum Despot Daulphin Monsieur Etheling Clyto Prince of Wales Pr. of Scotland Infanta Prince of Astura pag. 168. CHAP. II. Dukes Of them Counts and Marquesses as the names were anciently confounded Archduke Coniecture whence the seuerall formes of Crowns for subiect Princes came into these Western parts Dukes in seuerall Nations pag. 182. CHAP. III. Marquesses in seuerall States pag. 209. CHAP. IV. Counts and Earles Graffes pag. 219. CHAP. V. Counts Palatin the speciall beginnings of euery of ours in England pag. 241. CHAP. VI. Viscounts and Vidames pag. 250 CHAP. VII Barons the Notation of the word and its seuerall Notions Thanes Vauasours and diuers like p. 258 CHAP. VIII The beginning of Feuds Of the old Saxon Tenures somewhat pag. 293. CHAP. IX Knights and ancient and later formes of Knighting A Knights Fee and Furniture Ius sigilli Aureorum Annulorum Seales Aides Miles Degrading a Knight pag. 305. CHAP. X. Esquyer Armiger Peeres pag. 340. CHAP. XI Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Of the Collar or the particular Orders of Knighthood with their beginnings and chiefe particulars pag. 352. CHAP. XII Turkish Dignities some of Tartarie Clarissimus Spectabilis Illustris Superillustris Patricij pa. 376. Reader At the end are some Additions which I would haue you read with the context The Pages there noted and the Lines will direct you pag. 387. Then follow I. The Faults of the Print corrected and by them
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
then he addes Vtinam sic faciant Vxores Matres nostrorum Marchionum quacunque occasione patriam seruent incolumem labem pudoris amoueant But he means the ancient Lords Marchers of Wales in the same place speaking of Welsh irruptions Niuâ—collinus saith he not Ninicollinus as it is ignorantly printed indomitus insolescit inermes Britones intumescunt Where vnderstand those Niuicollini for Northwales men denominated by him from that Snowdon hill in Caernaruan-shire which in another p Dict. l. c. 6. place hee calls Niuium Collis as the Welsh in like signification Craig Criry Of these Marchers mention is in the Statute of Prerogatiue Exceptis Feodis Comitum Baronum de Marchia de terris in Marchia vbi breuia Domini Regis non currunt They were expresly calld Marchionis q Florilegus pag. 325. 370. edit Londin lib. Rub. scac v. Camden in Salopia Marchiones in claus 49. Hen. 3. dors memb 5. W. Rishanger sub Ann. 50. Hen. 3. Walliae also and whereas in Matthew Paris his description of the Coronation of Q. Elianor wife to Henry the III. it is reported that the Barons of the Cinque ports carried the Canopie ouer the King as their ancient right is quod tamen tunc scrupulo contentionis penitùs non carebat as he writes the opposition against them was by foure Lords Marchers Iohn Fitz-Alan Ralph of Mortimer Iohn of Monmouth and Walter of Clifford then calld Marchiones Walliae challenging that honorary office per ius Marchiae sed quodammodo saith the red book of the Exchequer friuolum reputabatur Afterward Roger of Mortimer being of great possessions and reckoning in this Trract was vpon the same Reason of Name created Earle of March by Edward III. with which others since haue beene enobled But in these was only the name not the dignity of Marchio Neither were they in English stiled Marquesses but Marchers as the most worthy Camden Clarenceulx hath obserued But the first which had this in England was the Earle of Oxford Robert of Vere Richard the second 's Mignion He made him in Parliament Marquesse of Dublin and afterward Duke of Ireland How the State lik't it Thomas of Walsingham shall tell you Creata est saith hee in hoc Parliamento IX Richard II. noua Dignitas Anglicis insueta nempe Comes Oxoniae D. Robertus de Veer appellatus factus est Marchio Dubliniae in Hibernia caeteris Comitibus hoc indignè ferentibus quòd viderent eum gradum celsiorem ipsis Regis munere percepisse praecipuè quia nec prudentiâ caeteris nec armis Valentior videbatur But vpon the infallible credit of the Record you shall haue the forme Confirmauit ipsum r Parl. 9. Ric. 2. memb 3. art 17. Marchionem de predictis titulo nomine honore per Gladij cincturam Circuli aurei suo capiti impositionem maturius inuestiuit ac chartam tradidit Eum vultu hilari inter Pares Parlamenti in gradu Celsiori videlicet inter Duces Comites sedere mandauit quod idem Marchio gratantiùs incontinenter fecit The same King made his Cousin-german Iohn of Beaufort sonne to Iohn of Gaunt and Earle of Somerset Marquesse of Dorset of which afterward Henry IV. depriu'd him and when a petition was in Parliament by the Commons for his restitution hee himself was vnwilling to bee restor'd to this kind of newly inuented Honor and Engenulant as the s Parl. 4. Hen. 4. Mem. 18. art 18. Roll speaks molt humblement pria au Roy que come le nome de Marquis fuyt estrange nome en cest Royalme qu'ilne luy vorroit ascunement doner cel nosme de Marquis qar iammais per conge du Roy il ne vorroit porter n'accepter sur luy nul tiel nosm en ascun manniere mais nient meins mesme le Count mult cordialment remercia les segneurs les Commens de leurs bons coeurs c. The Creation of Thomas Grey of the family of the L. Gray of Ruthen by Edward IV. into Marquesse of Dorset was t Patent 15. Edward 4. per Cincturam Gladij Cappae honoris Dignitatis impositionem and in that of Henry VIII his u Patent 15. Hen. 8. making the Lady Anne Rocheford daughter to Thomas Earle of Wiltshire Marchionesse of Penbreke the words are per Mantellae inductionem Circuli aurei in capite appositionem vt moris est realitèr inuestimus That Circulus aureus is a Coronet Meslée twixt our Dukes and Earles as of the French forme is before spoken Our present Soueraigne King Iames VI. of Scotland was the first Autor of this Dignitie there what euer by misconceit of that which is affirm'd of Malcolm II. may bee otherwise imagin'd Hee first honor'd the x Camden Scot. in Damnijs ancient name of Hamilton with it in Iohn sonne to Iames Duke of Chasteau Herald and Earle of Arran Spaine hath very many But the first there was Don Alfonso of Aragon Count of Denia made Marquesse of Villena by Henry II. of Castile about M. CCC LX. of Christ. So saith Stephen of Garibay and makes a Duke and a Marquesse in hearing of the Masse and sitting by the King of equall prerogatiue but addes that the Marquesse may not bear a Coronet on his head nor on his Armories nor do diuers other things which he allows their ancient Dukes aunque cessando estas cosas en los Duques con mayor occasion cessan en ellos But the Pragmatica allows Coronets vpon the Armories ' of Dukes Marquesses and Counts but vpon none others For when that was made vnder Philip II. M. D. LXXXVI it seems diuers of inferior note arrogated the same Formalitie of Crowns Comes Comes Matronae Prouinciae Comitatenses Comites Consistoriani Diuers Counties vnder some Counties as well as vnder Duchies Grafio Graffe or Graue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Ring giuen in ancient inuestitures of a Count in France Their Coronet there Comes Dux and Eorle in our Saxon times Aethelings Heriots Ealdorman The Bishop of the Diocesse and Ealdorman vsd to sit in the Turne When that was forbidden Shirifes Wittenagemotes Aldermannus Totius Angliae The error of them which fetch Comites into our Saxons from those spoken of by Tacitus Earles and Comites vnder the Normans Their denominating Territorie Mabile daughter of Robert Fitzthaimon hir standing on it to haue a Husband of Two Names Henry the first 's and her discourse together exprest in very old English Rimes Creations The Third part of the Shrifwikes profits giuen to the Earle of the Countie The surrender of Hugh le Bigod his Earldom of Norfolk The supposd value in our laws of a Dukedom Marquisat and Earldom That hauing the Third part vnder the Saxons and in Hungarie anciently and to some Visconts in France A power in Earles anciently to make laws in their Counties It was anciently doubted whether an Earle might be su'd but in his own
Aeneidos 8. Polybium lib. 6. alios pugnare cum hostibus lawfully fight with the enemie But these religious solemnities wore away in ancient time It grew afterward fashionable for one King to send his sonne to another to take the Order vt acciperent Arma Militaria or Virilia as the Monks vsually expresse it Which well agrees with that of the Longobards before mentioned Examples of that kind both here in Scotland elswhere are enough frequent So one King of another as in that of Alexander III. of Scotland He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry III. The Nuptials being celebrated in Christmas at York the King of England Knighted his Royall sonne in law with twentie more Where the Earle Marshall of England as an ancient right of his Place requird the King of Scotland's Horse and Furniture for his fee which although in those times it seems i Statut. West 2 cap. 46. De Marescallis the Earle Marshall had at the Knighting of any Baron or superior Nobleman as also at the Homages done by any such either Secular or Religious yet it was answerd that from the King of Scotland no such fee was due because hee might haue took the Order of any other Catholique Prince or at his pleasure of any of his own subiects of his Nobilitie Responsum fuit saith the k Matth. Paris 35. Hen. 3. Storie quod Rex Scotiae tali non subiacet exactio 〈…〉 quia si placeret ei potuit ipsa Arma suscipere a quouis Principe Catholico vel ab aliquo Nobilium suorum Sed ob reuerentiam honorem tanti Principis Domini ac vicini sui ac soceri tanti mallet ab ipso Rege Angliae Cingulo donari Militari quam aliquo alio Et sic praecipiente domino Rege in totum die festo omnimoda lis conquieuit And for that of the King of Scotland his saying that he might haue took it from a subiect of his own its true and so in our State some of our Kings haue receiud it Henry VI. was Knighted by Iohn Duke of Bedford and Edward VI. by Edward Sâ—imer then Earl of Hertford and the like many more occurre Nay in those ancienter times Earls which were then the greatest Nobles vnder the King and Prince had a power of Knighting Vnder Hen. III. the Earle of Glocester made his brother William Knight at a Tourneament So did Simon of Montfort Earle of Leicester Gilbert of Clare Some l Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. like examples haue been in France And Los Caualleros vassallos de los Ricos hombres i. Knights made by the Ricos hombres anciently in Spain they were neer as Barons in other places are rememberd by m Apud Fr. Menenium ex P. Salanoua alijs Spanish Antiquaries And against the Scotish Expedition Prince Edward of Caernaruan first Knighted by his father Edward 1. made diuers Knights of his own autoritie at Westminster by girding with the sword But such also as were neither Princes nor Earles and that without any Regall autoritie transferd for if so it were not worth obseruation about the raigns of our first three Edward's somtimes made Knights in the Warres Dominus Iohannes filius Thomae say the n A. 1313. 1314 1316. 1318. Annals of Ireland fecit Milites Nicolaum filium Mauritij Robertum de Clonhull apud Adare in Momonia So Edmund le Botiller afterward Lord Deputie made XXX Knights at Dublin And Richard of Bernimgham for the good seruice that one Iohn Husee had done in the Irish warres gaue him amplas terras fecit illum Militem vt benè meruit And by the same autoritie Uenit Dominus Rogerus de Mortimer Dubliniam fecit Dominum Ioannem Mortimer Militem cum quatuor socijs And indeed this Roger of Mortimer was then as Lord Deputie of Ireland and might the better do it And in one of our yeer-books o Thirning 7. Hen. 4. fol. 8. Voyes Froissart â—ol 1. fol. 185. a Iudge on the Bench relates thus I haue heard saith he that a Lord had issue a sonne and carried him to the Font and presently as soon as he was baptized took his Sword and made him a Knight saying Be a good Knight if you can for you shall neuer be good Esquire It was a prerogatiue it seems anciently challenged by such as were themselues Knights For William of Badensel a German Knight at the Sepulchre made two by his own report Supra Sepulchrum Christi saith p Guil. de Badensel Hodoe-Poric in Terram Sanctam he pulchram feci de Resurrectione Domini missam celebrari aliqui de meis socijs Corpus Christi deuotè susceperunt Pâ—st Missam feci Duos Milites Nobiles supra sepulchrum gladios accingendo alia obseruando quae in professione Militaris Ordinis fieri consueuerunt This was in M. CCC XXXVI Now none but the King or one as his Lieutenant authorized giues this Order neither is it done by girding with the Sword but the deseruing kneels and a Sword is laid or slightly strook on his shoulder by the king vsing this French q Smith Rep. Angl. 1. cap. 17. Soiz Cheualter au nom de Dieu and then Auancez Cheualier This Ceremonie alone giues the Title of Eques Auratus that of Auratus comming from their right of wearing guilt spurres which hath been also a knights speciall ornament And vnder Edward II. Richard r Anonym Chron. apud Millium of Rodney was knighted by being girded with a Sword by Almaricus Earle of Penbrok and hauing one Spurre put on by the Lord Maurice of Barkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badilsmere That striking with the s Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. Sword hath been anciently the vse of the Empire and when Sigismund knighted Signell a French Gentleman in France to honor Signell with that name the want whereof was obiected to him in a Controuersie twixt him and Pâ—stellan hee did it by such striking of him kneeling and giuing him one of his gilt spurres and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it in stead of a sword a great knife And this was done in France neither Contra maiestatem aut ius Regis saith du Tillet tentatum est quia ex Iure consultorum sententia Equites vbique in Imperio in alieno dominatu institui possunt For Creation of a knight thus much and as euery child knows in personall Creation only the being of knighthood is neither hath any man it otherwise Infanciones saith one t Mich. Molin ap Mennenium of Spain and Infancio is their hijdalgo i. a Gentleman perhaps from the German or Gothique Edeling or Etheling nascuntur apud nos Milites verò fiunt which you may applie to all States In elder times it was prouided in the Empire France and Spain that none should receiue this Order except hee were before in some degree of Ciuill Nobilitie A
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
England How the Nobilitie lik't the Creation of Robert of Vere Richard I 〈…〉 expressely made it a Dignitie twixt Duke and Count. Iohn of Beaufort's refusing the Title as too New His Coronet here First Marquesse in Scotland Iohn Hamilton First in Spaine when made and who His Coronet and prerogatiues there CHAP. III. OF Dux Dux limitis and Comes as they were anciently about the declining Empire it is sufficiently disputed in the next Chapter before And of their equalitie of Office and Dignitie as also how from Dux came the now Honorary title of Duke From no other Originall is the name of MARQVESSE to be deriud For such as were constituted Gouernors of Prouinces bordering on som other State or the Sea whence also easier inuasions might bee feared had the name of a C. tit de Venat Ferar. l. vnic Constit. Theodos. Val. edit a Pith. tit 29. Duces Limitanei or Limitum in Latin and from the old Dutch or French in later time Marâ—graues or Marquesses For in that tongue as at this day Borders Frontiers limits or bounds were calld Marques or Marches Quotiens saith my b Boiar leg tit de Term. Rupt art 8. autor de Commarchanis contentio nascitur c. i. as often as controuersie rises touchching Boundaries And in the French Annals one speaking of Carloman Expulit Duces quibus custodia commissa c c Anonym sub anno 861. erat Pannonici limitis Cartani atque per suos Marcam ordinauit Hence the ancient Marquesse of Austria is calld d Ditmar Chronic lib. 7. Marcha inter Vngarios Bauarios So Normandie was * Sugerius Abb. vitâ Ludouici Crassi Margus Regni and Normanniae Marchia The reason of the name any man knows that knows how it lies In the Testament of Charles the Great Marcae is vsd for Frontiers and in writings of those times Marca Hispanica Marca Britannica and such like infinit occurre And e Adreuald Floriac de Mirac S. Ben. cap. 33. Marchisi Britannici limitis Marchiser in French being at this day to Border or adioyne to Hence the names of Danmarch and as som haue thought our Mercia or Mercland in the Saxon Heptarchie and the lawes of Marque or Reprisales Some great men haue f Alciat de Singul Certam cap. 32. deriud it from Mare or Marc i. a Horse as if it should be in Latin Magister equitum or a Generall ouer the Gensdarmerie of Horsemen It s true that among the old Gaules the word g 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pausanias Phocic lib 10. Marc signified a Horse as also in h March leg Boiar tit de Vitios animali art 11. old French and British or Welsh wee and the present Dutch retaining still for one Sex the word Mare Hence some will the Marcheta Mulieris in Scotland i. from an obscene vse of equitare the first night or Maidenhead of the Bride which by a law of Euen III. King of Scotland was allowd to the King and other Lords at the marriage of their Tenants daughters and afterward by Malcolm III. at request of his Queen turnd into a summe of i V post Hectorem Boetium lib. 3. Regiam Maiest lib. 4. cap. 31. de Marcheta apud Nos consulas Henric. de Bract lib. 4. de Assiss N. Diss. cap. 28. §. 5. monie yet remaining among their laws But also with vs in a Natiuo habendo the Esplees is laid among other in Marcheta pro filiabus suis maritandis perhaps hauing like cause of name although not the same ground of Law But in Scotland it extends to all Conditions as well Noble as other And from the old vse of this Marc or Mare must you deriue Mareshall i. as most say Mare-schalch which literally is as much as Equi or Equorum praefectus i. Master of the Horse Which without question is the true etymologie of the great office of Mareshall ioind anciently in England with the Constable i. Comes stabuli in their iudicious place of the Court of Chiualrie But to iustifie also that Marquesse is hence one produces a piece of an old Romant thus speaking of Paris his companie in his embarquement for Helen Li k Benois Chez Fauchet en l' Origin des Dig. nit 2. cap. 3. Chiualier li Marchis Ke Paris ot semont pris Et ses freres Deifibus Et furent bien deux mil plus And thinks that the autor would not absurdly by Marchis mean such as are mongst vs feudatarie Marquesses but that he vsd it for Horsemen which in later time was applied to this Dignitie Surely there was no necessitie that hee should vse the name for the one or the other but generally for a Souldier because indeed the old Marquesses had in their Prouinces Martiall gouernment Or if hee did vse it for Horsemen as perhaps hee might what consequence is there that thence this Honorary title should haue its deduction But howsoeuer he knows nothing of the old Monkish Rimes and Romants that knows not how vsually they abusd words of Titles Dignities and state of their own age by application of them to Countries and Times where and when they were not What doth Dan Lidgat the Monk of Bury mean when in the destruction of Thebes he saies that King Adrastus sette a Parlement And hath his letters and messer gers sent Through Greece to many sundry Kings Hem to enhast and make no lettings And round about as made is mention Hee sent also to many a Región For Princes Dukes Earles and Barons It must in charitie be thought that none of his Readers are so blockish as to beleeu that the Titles of Dukes Earles and Barons were in Greece Much of that nature is in Robert of Glocester Chaucer Gower and elswhere in Lidgat The l Constit. Feud lib 2. tit Quis dicatur Marchiani dicuntur Petro de Vincis lib. 2. Epist. 15. Imperiall Laws thus Qui de Marchia inuestitus est Marchio dicitur Dicitur autem Marchia quia Marcha vt plurimum iuxta Mare sit posita It s certain iudeed that many of the Imperial Marquisats are in a maritime coast yet plainly had their names from being Land-marches of the State and not from their maritime situation For although the Marca Anconitana Taruisana of Ferrara in Italy as also the Marquisat of the holy Empire in Brabant the Marcha Normannica and Britannica in France are maritime yet Misnia and Lusatia Brandeburg Morauia Austria Susa in Sauoy all vnder the name of Marquisats and then instituted when the Title had a reall deduction from the Prouinces are inland Countries When Charles the great had a designe of Warre against the Saxons he sent for all his forces in Guienne and commanded them thence m Adhdemar in vita Ludouic Pij relictis tantùm Marchionibus qui fines Regni tenentes omnes si fortè ingruerent hostium arcerent incursus Plainly the defending of the Marches interprets their name