first plat of encampment An encampment of 30000 footemen and 6000 horseme◠allodged and fortified in an open Campania hauing a riuer running on the one side Sorted 15000 shot Sorted 12000 pikes Sorted 03000 short weapons summe 30000 footemen Sorted 1000 men at armes Sorted 3000 Launciers Sorted 2000 Light horse shot summe 6000 horsemen In this first figured plat of encampement of 30000 footmen and 6000 horsemen distinguished and quartered as particularly aboue appeareth I haue seated the Generall with some other chiefe Commanders in the center of all the men of warre as by their seuerall descriptions may be seene I haue moreouer distinguished the said camp into the vsual names of Vauward Battel Rereward the pikes and shot marked with the letter A do belong to the Vauward vnto whom do answere the Launciers marked with the sayd letter A. And those marked with the letter B do betoken the battell vnto them do answer the men at armes marked with B also And those marked with the letter C are for the reregard vnto whom do answer the light horse or Carbins signed with the like letter C. The farther declaration practike rule and order of the said encampement shall on the next side following be at large declared and shewne The second figure of encampment This figure denoteth an incamping in a valley betwixt 2 hils with a small riuer running in the midst the one of the sayd hils being neare vnto the campe is to be fortified as appeareth and the other being a sufficient distance off not You are to vnderstand that in this figured incampement the letter A doth signifie the places of armes of the quarters of the Cauallery and Infantery with the Generall his place in the middest and also the place of Armes generall and all the streets and spaces betwixt the trenches and the lodgings or quarters The letter B doth signifie the quarters of the Launciers and light horse the letter C the quarters of the men at Armes the letter D denoteth the quarter of the Infantery pikes and shot the letter E the place of munition of the Artillery the letter F the allodgements of the chiefe officers and Noblemen the letter G the marketplace the place of munition of victuals the letter I doth signifie the roomes for the pīoners artificers and the cattell that is to be slaughtered for the vse of the campe with this prouiso that there be none slaughtered within the trenches nor any garbage nor other filth there to be suffered Finally the letter K denoteth the fort vpon the hill or little mount Capt. In the first of these two figured plats of encampement of 30000 footemen and 6000 horsemen distinguished as there appeareth I haue dissigned for the Generals pauillion and place 80 pases square comprehending therein the breadth of the two maine streets of 20 pases each in breadth Vpon one quarter of the Generals place is lodged the Lord Marshall and his retinew vpon another quarter is lodged the Treasurer with extraordinary Gentlemen and Embassadors vpon another quarter is the munition of victuals and vpon the last quarter is made the place of market euery of these 4 quarters and places containing their narrow front butting vpon the maine street South North East West 45 pases and in length 63 pases fronting along the small crosse streets Round about three of the said quarters is drawne a smal streete of 10 pases broade and on the other part is a streete running of 15 pases broade without the which streets vpon the one side of the Generals place and the other two places of the Lord Marshall and munition of victuals I haue quartered the 1000 men at armes in 4 little quarterets containing in euery quarteret 250 men at armes allowing for euery man at armes 6 allodgements and 2 allodgements for his place of armes which are 8 allodgements containing euery allodgement 50 superficiall foote of ground that is 10 foote in length and 5 for breadth Now the working thereof is thus multiply the 1000 men at armes by 8 allodgements it maketh 8000 allodgements the which 8000 multiply againe by 50 foote superficiall which is allowed for euery allodgement and it maketh 400000 superficiall foote the which 400000 deuide by 25 it commeth out to be 16000 pases superficiall for 25 superficiall foote do make a superficiall pase So the 1000 men at armes doe require 16000 pases superficiall for their quarters and place of armes Now to deuide these 1000 men at armes into 4 litle quarterets each quarteret cōtaining 250 men at armes deuide the 16000 pases superficiall by 4 and the product will be 4000 superficiall pases for euery quarteret whose square roote is 63 for the square of each quarteret being quartered one way with the great maine streete of 20 pases broade and the other way with a lesser streete of 10 pases broade Now to know the square side of all these 4 quarterets extract the quadrat root of the 16000 superficiall pases being 126 pases and that is the due square of euery side Finally to know what square of ground the place of armes for these thousand men at armes shall containe multiply the 1000 men at armes by two allodgements of euery man and it amounteth 2000 allodgements then againe multiply these 2000 by 50 foote superficiall for each allodgement and it maketh 100000 superficiall foote this 100000 superficiall foote deuide by 25 to bring them into superficiall pases and it produceth 4000 pases superficiall of this 4000 pases superficiall take the quadrat roote which commeth out to be 63 pases square little more Thus the place of armes of these 4 little quarterets cōtaining in them all 1000 men at armes doth containe 63 pases square besides the breadth of the two streets which crosse the quarters not comprehended therein Vpon the other side of the Generals place and also without the two other places of market and Noblemens lodgings Southward I haue dissigned the 2000 light horse or Carbins deuided from the same by a street of 10 pases broade vnto euery light horse I haue allowed 3 allodgements and one allodgement for his place of armes which doe make 4 allodgements for euery lighthorse Now to multiply the 2000 light horse by 4 and it produceth 8000 allodgements then I multiply againe the 8000 by 50 foote and it amounteth vnto 40000 foote superficiall then to bring thē into superficiall pases I deuide the 4000000 foot by 25 for 25 superficiall foot do make a superficiall pase and the product will be 16000 superficiall pases for their quarters and places of armes Now to repart these 2000 light-horse into 4 litle quarterets ech quarteret cōtaining 500 light-horse I deuide the 16000 pases superficiall by 4 and the product is 4000 superficiall pases for euery quarteret the square roote whereof is 63 being quartered one way with the great maine streete of 20 pases broade running North and South and the other way with a lesser streete of
guard The Generals pauillion A declaration of the former encampement The Generals place The Lord Marshals allodgement The Treasurers allodgement The place of munition The place of market The 1000 men at armes quarter The rule to worke it 25 foote do make a superficiall pase of 5 foote Their place of armes The light horsemens quarter Their place of armes The 3000 lanciers quartered into 6 quarterts Their place of armes A streete of 15 pases broade The 3000 footemens allodgement The rule Reparted into 30 quarterets Their places of Armes The placing of the shot Munition of the Artillery Places for victualers Places of the wagoners Place for the gunners and artificers and pioners Place of armes generall Diuision of the encampement The artillery placed A running trench Lodging of the commanders No slaughter house kept within the ring of the campe Good considerations By these rules wel conceiued may any encampement be made and assigned The encampâ—ment is a point of great consideration The remouing of a campe Remouing by night Silence and diligence To obserue good array The pursuer Ayded by aduantage Example Example Better to dislodge by night then by day Considerations Conclusion Treasurer of the Armie Money the sinew of warre The parts of his office An Armie without pay cannot long subsist Patience a rare vertue Nothing more vniust then to make men liue by windie wordes and ayre Dangerous liberty breedeth insoleÌ„cie a vice not easily reuoked An obiection The answer A great Commaunder not to vse many false speeches vnto his souldiers A bad opinion Souldiers sent into Ireland Soldiers returning out of Ireland A matter to be â—ooked vnto and to be redressed Some Lawyers opinion touching Captaines and souldiers An answer An obiection The answer Particular partâ— of a Treasurer of warre Officers commonly grow rich The Lord high Generall Generall partes A lanterne of vertue for the Armie to imitate A good chief will chuse good Captaines and officers good Captaines will breede good souldiers It is hard for one man to haue all good partes The accidents of warre are diuerse sometimes altering mens humours The foure principall vertues considered by the Romanes 1 2 3 4 1 Experience ought to be in Martiall men The 2. Scipios Asdruball Scipio Africanus Quintus Fabius Maximus Alexander Magnus commaunded being young Young Princes in warres ought to haue graue experimented Captaines Examples Don Iohn de Austria Edward the 3. the Prince of Wales The battell of Poytiers Iohn king of France and Philip his sonne Don Sebastian king of Portugall Insufferable nature of man The Spanyardes will not endure any stranger to be a Commander among them The rashnesse of youth and want of skill The Spaniardes ambition It standeth vs vpon to haue an eye thereunto Charles the fift Henry the fift Edward the 3. Henrie the 3 king of Fraunce Prince of OraÌ„ge Alonso de Aualos Ferdinando de Toledo Military valour what it is Parts of magnanimity Battell of Cressâ—â— Agincourt field Henry king of Fraunce and Nauarre against the Duke de Mayne Fortitude of mind Experience manifested by valiant actions A naturall instinct to know the qualities of the enemy Great points to be considered Good and trustie espials Lewes the 11 king of Fraunce Phillip Duke of Burgundy Phillip king of Spaine Military prudence From military care and diligeÌ„ce do spring good successes Examples Phillips golden pistolets corrupt most parts of Christendome Gonzalo Fernades Sâ—â—atagems by fained letters Burbon â—riaâ—ultio Maximilian The Switzers Lâ—dowike Sforza Industrie and skill to encampe and to dislodge the enemy To haue good intelligence Learning ioyned with experience maketh a perfect man of warre Lucullus the Romaine Drawne plats and mappâ—s with descriptions The Marquis de Pescara and Antonio de Leyua Industry policy and courage The battell of Pauia Few numbers experienced brauely conducted do atchiue great enterprises Policy preferred before rigour of warre Battels subiect to a thousand hazards Octauius Augustus Don Alonso king of Naples The Duke de Aniou A wise saying Rashnesse of Lewes king of Hungaria To weary with delayes rather then to be rash and furious The Venetians order Successes of battels are doubtful Iulius Caesars saying A good note Examples Battell at Rauenna Monsieur defoyx Many policies to be vsed to delay the fact of battell Speede and diligence in many peeces of seruice Ambuscados Camisadas Incursions skirmishes Claudius Nero defeated Asdruball Barquinus The Duke of Bauier Frederick the Emperour Celeritie and quicke dispatch in conquest of a countrey Portugall warres Sir Francis Drake and Captaine Carliel in the Indias Hanniball at the battell of Cannas Great care to be had to conserue the Army Desperate assault the spoyling of braue men Constant in perils To contemne any daunger for to conserue our honour ExaÌ„ples of braue men Honorable wordes Not to be ouercome with disordinate lustes One foule vice may obscure many vertues Vertue exalteth the possessors thereof Francis Sforza The good life of the Generall a paterne to reforme their Campe. Vitious sensualitie effeminates the minde Example at Numantia Scipio Aemilianus reformed his Campe. How much importeth a good Commaunder Authoritie and fortune do follow militarie valour and vertue It importeth much in warres to be borne of illustrious bloud Seueritie and liberalitie two firme pillers of a Generall ClemeÌ„cie toward the enemy humbly yeelded Francis the FreÌ„ch king Example of clemencie and pittie The rigour of iustice on whom and where to be vsed A Generall to be both beloued and feared Hanniball Souldiers well payed a sure foundation to good conduction Want of pay breedes many inconueniences Good fortune proceedes from experience fortitude and from authoritie The Stoickes opinion of fortune There is no other fortune but the prouideÌ„ce of God The Generall ought to bee skilfull in all the offices of warre To chuse good Counsellors and men of experieÌ„ce The Counsellours in warre ordinarily knowen Respect to be had to graue and ancient souldiers Men of meane iudgement and common sense not to be permitted to be Counsellours A particular care To procure a generall loue amongst them Hatred feare are two bad Counsellors in warre A farther request for figures and tables of battels Errors found in battell What kind of battels may be held for good and firme To frame the squadron of pikes only To empale with shot Shot deuided into small troupes The short weapoÌ„ to be mingled with the troupes of shot Troupes of shot one to second an other The girdling shot when to discharge The rare victories of the Romaines The readinesse of souldiers to be transported into any forme The profit of true trayning Out of the grand square of men all battels to be reduced In the third booke In the fift booke The tables to 10000 armed pikes The rules for the deuisions of the numbers The order in marching The rules to the same To deuide it into Maniples The rule to do it A Maniple what it signifieth Shot to girdle the battell The rule to the
to be coupled with their conuenient members The members of all strong places are Bulwarkes The parts of a Bulwarke The placing of Bulwarkes and order how The Curtine Issues or Sallies The Tronera oâ— The Pendent of the Parapets Caualliere Caualliere a Cauallio Cauallero or a mount within side distant from the curtine The Tenaza or Tizeras and Casamats or The gates The way from without The Terraplene An open way at the foote of the Terraplene The ditches Campania raza Refortifying of old places of strength Situations of Cities and fortresses Annotations of the out situatioÌ„s Annotations Annotations within the place A plat to be drawen Skilfull Enginer To fortifie the feeblest partes first Places annoyed by diuerse altures the remedies A point of bulwarke Tenaza what it is Cauallero or mount The canoneries Trees to be planted vpon the terraplene Flankers Remedie against the backe part offences Three manner of offendings An ouer commaunding noâ—â—â—e is a stepdame to a fortresse A sufficient garrison of defence What considerations to be had what prouisions to be made Needefull implements at batteries offensiue and defensiue All the which belonging to the office of the master of the Ordinance Fortifications of earth and turfe of great strength against the cannon with small charge Obiection Answer An armie leuied the charge of the Maister of the Ordinance Cariages people belonging to the Maister of the Ordinance Bridges built vpoÌ„ boates Officers Clarke of the Ordinance Pay-maister Purueyer generall Lieutenants Maiordomes and their seuerall charges An Harbinger Maior A Chancellor other persons attending Other people belonging to the Commaunder Gunners other Officers Boates barges ' whereon to frame bridges SolimaÌ„ the great Turke Don Sebastian king of Portugal God suffering a Prince to run to ruine bereaues him sence wits The Prince of Parma his bridge made ouer the riuer Chaldis Boates for the bridge how many A Captaine of the boates with officers and mariners The Artillery vsed to be conducted with an Army and the necessaries thereunto belonging The charge of great ordinance is wonderfull The Spaniard in continuall action Without the Indias the Spanish king soone a begger The Spanish gold infecteth good princes subiects Horses to draw a Cannon of the greatest size c. Horses to draw a Culuerine Carriage of Cannon shot and other munition Order for beasts and Carriages The officers and people for the carriages Pioners vnder the Maister of the ordinance to what purposes Captaines ouer the Pioners The Pioners guarded by souldiers The Pioners tooles A maister gunner ouer all the gunners His office and charge for necessary tooles The maister of the ordinance his principall care and charge Gentlelmen of the Artillery Particular parts of the Maister of the ordinance Sundry good considerations Skilfull in mynings To be skilfull in shooting of great ordinance and their particularities The quantitie of powder to seuerall peeces and their bullets Cannon Demy-Cannon Culuerine The Ladles The election of the officers To haue wary carefull people about the Ordinance The Maister of the ordinance his care for payment of his people Their respect to him Captaine Generall of the horse is elected by the Prince To be a personage of honour and title The comparison betwixt â—orse foote The footemen preferred Agincourt field Marquise de Pescara Battell of Pauia Countie Carmagnola against the Switzers Marcus Valerius Coruinus in the Punike war Among the ancient Romanes the footemen of more estimation then the horsemeÌ„ Don Alonzo de Vargas The difference betweene old experimented souldiers and new raw men At Tilmont reincounter Sack of Antwerp Example The ouerthrow of Gibleio The Cauallerie very necessary for many peeces of seruice Captainâ— Arrio at Pauia Conradus the Emperour passed the riuer Meandrus The Cauallerie differenced into three sortes 1. Men at armes 2. Demy Lances 3. Shot on horsebacke The Man at Armes his arming weapon and mounture Men at Armes are commonly men of â—itle and qualitie One trumpet one Ensigne one Guidon one Cornet Deuided into squadron Their partes of seruice The honourable valour of pikes footemen The arming of the Lanciers His weapons His mâ—â—nting Lanciers for many peeces of seruice farre better then men at armes The partes of a a Lâ—uâ—â—iâ—r Their place of 〈◊〉 Their Cornet Their pales of seruice The Petranell and Pistâ—lier his arming His weapon Their seruice Their place of march The partes of the Pistolier The place of their guidon The shot on horsebacke his furniture and weapon His mounting Their partes of seruice They may alight on foote and doe the dutie of foote shot In good conductions alwayes seconded with the Pistoliers or Lanciers Their partes incident To performe 3. actes at one instant He ought to be a good horseman and a good shot The fierie weapoÌ„ in the vnskilfull is daungerous to themselues Generall partes for horsemen The due sortmeÌ„t of horsemen The Generall of the horsemen his courses taken in field campe or garrison When the high Marshall goeth to view the ground When the armie entreth into the campe his dutie what to do To guarde the forragers To guarde conuoies In skirmishes encounters one troupe to second another A good Cauâ—at To espie aduantages and to take them The chiefe ordering of the squadrons The high Marshall of the field his parts and dutie His superintendencie in the day of battell Skilfull in all offices of warre His authority in the administration of iustice The officers to the high Marshall Military lawes and orders Martiall lawes All martiall lawes to be written in tables and fixed vp for euery man to reade An army without good orders soone growes to confusion The encamping of an Army a thing of great importance Great considerations Situation and grounds a principall point Skilfull in the Countrie Well seene in Geography Plats and Maps Briefe repetition Many and great considerations in the marching of an Armie To march vpon grounds of aduantage as did Fabius Maximus Charles the fift Considerations to be had the Army marching in plaines champaines Points of aduantage Men at armes Lanciers to flaÌ„ke the arrayes The marching armie deuided into vantguard battell and rereward Their orders Vnprofitable people to be shifted out of the squadron Vnprofitable horses and impediments cleared Part of the light horses to be continually abroad Referring to the third and fourth booke Partes to be considered in the allodgement of a campe The situation iâ— plaines Considerations The circuit of the campe The formes Mountaine situations Considerations To beware to encampe in place subiect to any hill Daungerous Example by FraÌ„cis the French king at Cambresie Charles the fift The Cauallerie in their allodgement to be defended by the Infanterie An encampement of 36000. fighting men 8. allodgements to a man at armes 4. allodgement to a Lancier Euery allodgement 50 superficiall foote is 10 in length 5 breadth Euery foote mans allodgement 64 superficiall foote The Generalls standard The principall streets At euery streetes end a
THE THEORIKE AND PRACTIKE OF MODERNE WARRES Discoursed in Dialogue vvise VVHEREIN IS DECLARED THE NEGLECT OF Martiall discipline the inconuenience thereof the imperfections of manie training Captaines a redresse by due regard had the fittest weapons for our Moderne VVarre the vse of the same the parts of a perfect souldier in generall and in particular the Officers in degrees with their seuerall duties the imbattailing of men in formes now most in vse with figures and Tables to the same with sundrie other martiall points VVritten by ROBERT BARRET Comprehended in sixe Bookes Ozar morir da la vida ANCHORA SPEI LONDON Printed for VVilliam Ponsonby 1598. HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE VNG IE SERVIRAY TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE MY SINGVLAR GOOD LORD HENRIE EARLE OF PEMBROKE LORD HARBERT OF Cardiffe Marmion and Saint Quintin Lord President of her Maiesties Councell established in the Principalitie and dominions of VVales and the Marches of the same of the most noble order of the Garter knight Lord Lieutenant within the Principalitie and dominions of South VVales and North VVales and the Marches thereto adioyning and of the Counties of VVilt and Sommerset c. RIght Honourable hauing spent the most part of my time in the profession of Armes and that among forraine nations as the French the Dutch the Italian and Spaniard I haue bene moued by sundry my friends to set downe in writing such Martial points as I haue noted gathered or learned from them whereby such young Gentlemen and others my willing countrie men as haue not as yet entred within the boundes of Mars his bloudy field may at the last gather some instructions to be the readier at the Alarme giuen the which seemeth not farre off And sith my principall scope and purpose hath bene to open these discourses to the behoofe of the yonger and vnexperimented sort I haue therfore emboldened my selfe with your good Honours consent and fauour to dedicate them vnto that Noble yong Lord your sonne as a matter were it handled by a more perfect souldier then my selfe befitting his Lordship as well for the Martial vertues already shining in him as for the sympathie that his honorable birth and Nobility hath with this subiect which we treate of being warre and Armes Thus humbly crauing your good honours consent I beseech the Almighty for euer to blesse you with all honour and felicity Your Honours humblie at commaund ROBERT BARRET TO THE RIGHT NOBLE YOVNG LORD VVILLIAM LORD HARBERT of Cardiffe sonne and Heyre apparant to the right Honorable Earle of Pembroke Robert Barret wisheth increase of all Honour and vertue MOst Noble young Lord and of honourable expectation although your yong yeares haue scarse arriued yet to the bearing of Armes neuerthelesse on the assured hope conceiued of your honorable parts as so nobly each way descended whose vertue hath alwayes shined to the glorie of your name and house I haue emboldened my selfe to offer vnto your Lordships view and protection these Military discourses penned vpon occasion of conference had with sundry Gentlemen and by them wished to be published Many good reasons haue moued me to dedicate them vnto your Lordship as well in respect of your owne vertues resembling altogether that Noble Earle of Pembroke your Graundfather and that worthie Sir Phillip Sidney your Vncle as also in respect of the great and waightie Commandes which your Right Honourable father doth worthily hold ouer vs in these our Westerne parts and VVales vnder our dread Soueraigne Such as they are I humbly beseech your Lordship to accept as from a souldier who humbly offereth himselfe and his seruice vnto your selfe next vnto my good Queene and deare Countrie Your Lordships humbly at command ROBERT BARRET TO ALL MEN OF WARRE IN GENERALL HOnourable souldiers and braue men of warre of what degree soeuer I am assured there is none of you that will spurne at these my paynes taken as penned not to instruct the experimented and Martiall sort such as you are but the vnexpert and yong Gentlemen which haue not yet entred commons in Mars his Campe. For what good is herein contained shall redound to your glorie and fame in generall and what faults and errors be herein committed must rest vpon me beare them off as I may Let vs loue one another that God may loue vs all and giue vs true Martiall valour to the seruice and defence of our dread Soueraigne and deare Countrie Yours in all loue ROBERT BARRET TO ALL GALLANT MINDED GENTLEMEN and my good countrie men in generall GAllant minded young Gentlemen and good countriemen in generall which haue not yet marched vnder Mars his Colours nor knowne the parts incident to his followers for your instructions haue these discourses bene principally penned the which although they be but rough not polished with schoole termes yet happily not so barraine but you may reape some good fruit from them being read and noted with due regard to your behoofe perhaps in these behouefull times I am not ignorant that sundry haue treated vpon the like subiect and all to good end but yet they obserue not all one method neither I my self happily such as euery one wold wish It is somewhat hard to please few but harder to please many and none can please all although mine intent hath bene as others no doubt the like both to please and profit the most These approching times do require such vnpleasant matter yet the necessitie is such and therefore to be regarded Accept it friendly as I haue penned it willingly so shall I hold my selfe both rewarded and satisfied Your well wisher ROBERT BARRET William Sa. in praise of the Author and his worke THose that in quiet states do sing of warre Or write instructions for the Martiall crue Must neuer thinke t' escape the enuious iarre Of those who wealth not honour still pursue For they do feare least souldiers growing strong Commaund the pelfe which they haue gathered long Then worthy Barret honourd maist thou be That dreadlesse all the teene of base conceipts Hast writ a worke shall still eternize thee In spite of enuie with her slie deceipts For thou that oft in battell bold hast stood Hast now done that shall do thy countrie good For which his paynes let this suffice to shew The loue one souldier ought to beare another Kindly imbrace his worke for well you know A souldiers merits doth exceede all other And say with me as iustly say you may His trauels do deserue our prayse for ay VVilliam Sa. Gentleman THE FIRST BOOKE OF WARRE DISCOVRSES AND MARTIAL DISCIPLINE The first Dialogue VVherein is reasoned of the Neglect of Martiall Discipline and inconueniences thereof the comparison of VVeapons ancient and moderne with their different Executions the imperfections of many training Captaines the perfect training of men to great effect the due sortment of VVeapons now vsed the contempt of Souldiers and causes thereof Gentleman GOod Captaine I pray if your leysure will permit let vs
other Signiories or state had for his great enemies the most principall Senators of the same Republike and the Armie vnder his charge being of sundry nations yet is it not in writing that euer there was seene any mutinie amongst his souldiers nor any disagreeing in so many yeares as he warred in Spaine France and Italie by reason that he chastened with rigour the delictes and offences committed by his people of warre and rewarded their noble actes with great liberalitie and kindnesse and payed them their due payes alwayes in good time Gent. Without doubt Hanniball must needes be well serued and obeyed if he payed his souldiers so royally and well Capt. I finde no foundation more sure and firme then to doe the same to the end to haue an Armie well conducted and gouerned For if the souldiers be not payed of necessitie they must be suffered to robbe spoyle raunge and ransack whereby to sustaine themselues as too too much hath bene seene in these ciuill warres of France and Flanders the which if they were well and duly payed then all these inconueniences should cease and would serue with more warinesse and care as men bound thereunto and would feare punishment if they should by hap offend Now felicitie and good fortune proceedes from knowledge from fortitude and from authoritie For the Generall which knoweth what hee hath to doe by skill and experience and hath Militarie valour to enterprise and to execute with consideration and authoritie that thereby his souldiers may both beleeue him and follow him such a one without question shall haue good successe which is the very true felicitie and good fortune it selfe Gent. I neuer vnderstood till now that felicitie and good fortune did consist in science and knowledge for I haue alwayes heard say that fortune did most fauour men of least wisedome and in fine fooles Capt. Such was the opinion amongst the Stoicke Philosophers cōceiuing that as there was one Prima causa eternall omnipotent and of infinite wisedome knowen and discerned by the order and harmonie of his workes so in like sort was there another causa imprudent foolish and inconsiderate whose operations were without order or reason or any wisedome at all for that with an irrationall affection it both gaue and depriued men of riches dignitie and honour the which they termed and intituled by the name of fortune seeing her to bee a friend of men which did their matters fortè which is to say a casu by chaunce without conduction either of reason or prudence But in very truth there is none other fortune but the prouidence of God and the valour and abilitie of man neither any other thing that maketh men disastred that things succeede them not according to their desires but onely the want of skill to practise their actions in due times and with such conuenient meanes as the cases would require Gent. Truly me thinkes that if a Generall should obserue the rules by you declared of these foure principall parts and qualities he should not fayle of good successe in the most of his actions Capt. So thinke I also presupposing therewithall that hee ought to know and vnderstand all that which I haue spoken of the other officers of warre and of much more yet vnspoken of sith that they are his inferiours to the end that he may perfectly know how to commaund and gouerne them for vnworthily shall hee commaund and gouerne in warres which is ignorant and vnskilfull in the preceptes and rules thereof Gent. What more yet concerneth his office Capt. Marry to chuse vnto himselfe good Counsellours to assist him in his good gouernement for much more needefull are the Counsels of men wise and experimented in Martiall causes then armour and weapons for the greater matters are better effected with the intendement then atchieued with the sword many times Gent. But are not the personages knowne who are to be of the Counsell of warre by reason of their offices Capt. Yea sir for ordinarily these following bee of the same First the Captaine Generall of the men at armes lances and light horse 2 the Captaine Generall of the artillery or Maister of the Ordinance 3 the Camp-maister Generall or Lord high Marshall 4 the Colonels of the Infanterie and 5 also the Treasurer of warre But there is moreouer respect to bee had vnto other graue personages and in the election of those the Generall ought to haue great consideration and insight for deepe daungerous and difficult matters are to be consulted disputed and reasoned with perfect intendements cleare iudgements And therfore there is not to be admitted vnto the same men of meane iudgements and of common sense for those that are the Counsellours to a Prince ought to be personages of great mindes high conceites of equall intendement with the Prince And that which he is particularly to consider of them is to see that they be perfect souldiers and of great experience and men of valorous determinations but not rash headie and harebrainde for those Counsels are sufficient honourable which render securitie vnto doubtfull affaires And on the contrary those are most affrōtous miserable whē being enterprised with temeritie onely to shew a vaine presumption and rigorous boldnesse of minde they are wont to disturbe the good courses of the honorable enterprises and of the victories whereof great hope is to be had And because it is a most ordinarie thing amongst Counsellors to contradict one another and to diminish one anothers authoritie he must bee very carefull to foresee and procure that they be all louing friendes together for that the most part of the securitie of the campe consists in their vnitie concord and loue and that they all may loue him with entire affection for hatred and feare be two bad Counsellors in warre This Gentlemen is all that I am able to say touching the officers and high Commaunders in warres what other stratagems and policies of warre are the Generall and other high Conductors of enterprises may by their owne Martiall prudence and naturall instinct inuent and put in practise according to the occurrants and accidents of warre for dayly new courses and inuentions are found out to answer the which new stratagemes are deuised sic vicissitudo rerum The end of the fift Booke THE SIXT BOOKE OF WARRE DISCOVRSES AND MARTIAL DISCIPLINE The first Dialogue VVherein is briefly touched of the orders of our now vsed fights the great commodity of due and skilfull trayning the tables for the embattailing of men in graund square of men and into battallions of the same kind with proportioned figures to the same and arithmeticall rules to the working thereof and a declaration of euery the sayd tables Gentleman WEll Captaine sith you haue in your former fiue bookes at large discoursed touching most martiall pointes as well of souldiers offices officers and Commanders as also of most sorts of imbattailing of men