civil_a matter_n the_o word_n of_o this_o last_o king_n law_n run_v thus_o exit_fw-la etc._n omni_fw-la comitatu_fw-la bis_fw-la quotannis_fw-la conventus_fw-la agitor_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la illius_fw-la dioecesis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o senator_n intersunto_fw-la quorum_fw-la alter_fw-la jura_n divina_fw-la humana_fw-la alter_fw-la populum_fw-la edoceto_fw-la in_o every_o county_n let_v there_o be_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o the_o earl_n shall_v be_v present_a the_o one_o to_o direct_v in_o divine_a the_o other_o in_o humane_a matter_n which_o so_o continue_v the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n sit_v therein_o together_o until_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o a_o full_a convention_n of_o his_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n command_v that_o 12._o ecclesiastical_a matter_n shall_v thenceforth_o be_v handle_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o court_n of_o their_o own_o and_o not_o any_o more_o be_v discuss_v among_o secular_a affair_n in_o this_o court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o these_o person_n follow_v be_v to_o be_v present_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n intersint_fw-la autèm_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la 7._o vicedomini_fw-la vicarii_fw-la centenarii_fw-la aldermanni_n preafecti_n praepositi_fw-la barones_n vavassores_fw-la tungrevii_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligentèr_fw-la intendentes_fw-la nè_fw-la malorum_fw-la impunitas_fw-la aut_fw-la gravionum_fw-la pravitas_fw-la vel_fw-la judicum_fw-la subversio_fw-la solita_fw-la miseros_fw-la laceratione_n confiniant_fw-la agantur_fw-la itâque_fw-la primò_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_n secundò_fw-la regis_fw-la placita_fw-la postremò_fw-la causae_fw-la singulorum_fw-la dignis_fw-la satisfactionis_fw-la expleantur_fw-la scil._n ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o turn_v but_o private_a cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_n vid._n coke_n be_v 4_o the_o instit._fw-la 259_o 260._o where_o you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o turn_v be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n hold_v before_o the_o sheriff_n the_o ancient_a institution_n thereof_o be_v before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o felony_n death_n of_o man_n except_v and_o common_a nuisance_n 260._o see_v the_o stat._n mag._n chart._n c._n 17._o and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o 2_o d._n instit._n the_o style_n of_o this_o court_n be_v curia_fw-la visus_fw-la franc._n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la b._n coram_fw-la vicecomite_n in_fw-la turno_fw-la svo_fw-la etc._n etc._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o in_o this_o court_n the_o pledge_n or_o surety_n of_o every_o decennary_n or_o tithing_n be_v enter_v before_o the_o court_n leet_n be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o and_o grant_v to_o particular_a lord_n of_o manor_n which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_a suppose_n to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n alfred_n laeta_n but_o since_o i_o find_v nothing_o concern_v these_o court_n leet_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o shall_v defer_v the_o far_o treat_v of_o they_o to_o that_o time_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o this_o court_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o folcmote_a and_o in_o which_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n or_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n 35._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la folcmoto_fw-la corà m_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o will_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o same_o law_n just_o precede_v this_o a_o extraordinary_a assembly_n of_o this_o folcmote_a upon_o any_o sudden_a danger_n which_o meet_v on_o ring_v of_o the_o bell_n call_v in_o english_a motbel_n and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o consult_v how_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n ibid._n the_o second_o of_o these_o court_n be_v call_v the_o county-court_n and_o be_v also_o very_a ancient_n and_o to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n by_o the_o shireeve_n as_o from_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_n be_v a._n law_n appear_z praepositus_fw-la quÃsque_fw-la ad_fw-la quartam_fw-la circitèr_fw-la quamque_fw-la septimanam_fw-la frequentem_fw-la populi_fw-la concionem_fw-la celebrato_fw-la cuÃque_fw-la jus_o dicito_fw-la aequabile_fw-la litesque_fw-la singulas_fw-la cum_fw-la dies_fw-la condicti_fw-la advenerint_fw-la dirimito_fw-la every_o shireeve_n shall_v convene_v the_o people_n once_o a_o month_n and_o do_v equal_a right_n to_o all_o put_v a_o end_n to_o controversy_n at_o time_n appoint_v to_o this_o court_n be_v antienly_a appeal_n make_v from_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n et_fw-la nemo_fw-la namium_fw-la capiat_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la vel_fw-la extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la priusquam_fw-la ter_z in_o hundredo_fw-la svo_fw-la rectum_fw-la sibi_fw-la perquisierit_fw-la curia_fw-la si_fw-la tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la rectum_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la eat_v quarta_fw-la vice_fw-la ad_fw-la conventum_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la anglicè_fw-la dicitur_fw-la scyremot_n etc._n etc._n no_o man_n by_o a_o distress_n shall_v compel_v another_o to_o the_o county-court_n unless_o he_o have_v thrice_o complain_v in_o the_o hundred-court_n but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o right_o the_o three_o time_n he_o may_v then_o sue_v in_o the_o county-court_n which_o be_v call_v the_o scyregemot_n and_o beside_o say_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n 1._o regis_fw-la placita_fw-la &_o causa_fw-la singulorum_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_fw-la be_v first_o determine_v here_o where_o interest_n debent_fw-la commissarii_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la potestates_fw-la and_o the_o presbyter_n ecclesiae_fw-la as_o well_o as_o quatuor_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la villae_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o attendance_n qui_fw-la dei_fw-la leges_fw-la as_o well_o as_o seculi_fw-la negotia_fw-la justâ_fw-la consideratione_n definirent_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o further_o proceed_v thus_o now_o let_v we_o see_v of_o what_o thing_n the_o sheriff_n here_o antien_o hold_v plea_n ad_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la pertinent_a ista_fw-la say_v glanvile_n placitum_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n de_fw-fr liberis_fw-la tenementis_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la 4._o ubi_fw-la curia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la probatur_fw-la de_fw-la recto_n defecisse_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la nativis_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o the_o shireeve_n to_o hold_v plea_n in_o this_o court_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o concern_v freehold_n in_o case_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n wherein_o the_o land_n lie_v have_v not_o do_v justice_n as_o also_o to_o hold_v plea_n concern_v bondman_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o court_n but_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o say_a book_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o those_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o give_v you_o concern_v all_o these_o court_n jurid_a wherein_o he_o may_v find_v at_o large_a how_o great_a the_o power_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o i_o have_v also_o reserve_v the_o treat_v of_o these_o two_o court_n by_o themselves_o because_o though_o the_o 3_o former_a be_v suppose_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o k._n alfred_n erection_n upon_o his_o new_a reformation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o these_o two_o be_v not_o so_o for_o notwithstanding_o ingulf_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o king_n alfred_n first_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o england_n into_o county_n yet_o we_o find_v mr._n selden_n learned_o make_v it_o out_o 510._o that_o alfred_n be_v not_o the_o first_o that_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n or_o county_n for_o say_v he_o before_o alfred_n time_n those_o province_n have_v their_o ealdorman_n in_o they_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o ethelwolfus_n barocensis_n pagae_n come_v and_o ceorle_fw-mi domnaniae_fw-la comes_fw-la and_o eanulf_n somersetensis_n pagae_n come_v for_o the_o earldom_n of_o berkshire_n devonshire_n and_o somersetshire_n under_o king_n ethelwolf_n father_n to_o king_n alfred_n be_v remember_v in_o asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la that_o live_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n two_o of_o they_o be_v also_o in_o 3._o ethelwerd_n a_o writer_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n beside_o osric_n dorsetum_n dux_n for_o eolderman_n of_o dorset_n eâ—lchere_n or_o alchere_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ealdorman_n of_o kent_n and_o auda_n or_o wuda_n of_o surrey_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o hoveden_n huntingdon_n and_o in_o that_o asserius_fw-la also_o and_o ingulphus_n have_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n foundation_n of_o crowland_n whereunto_o the_o comites_fw-la of_o leicester_n and_o of_o lincoln_n both_o subscribe_v to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v divers_a example_n that_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o follow_a history_n out_o of_o the_o saxon_a annal_n have_v thus_o dispatch_v these_o inferior_a
what_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n man_n and_o woman_n may_v marry_v i_o shall_v omit_v as_o be_v impertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o eight_o question_n which_o be_v this_o if_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o place_n bishop_n can_v easy_o meet_v whether_o a_o bishop_n may_v be_v ordain_v without_o the_o presence_n of_o other_o bishop_n the_o answer_n of_o pope_n gregory_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o english_a church_n wherein_o as_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o other_o bishop_n but_o yourself_o you_o can_v ordain_v a_o bishop_n no_o other_o way_n than_o without_o bishop_n for_o how_o can_v bishop_n come_v from_o gaul_n that_o may_v assist_v at_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n in_o britain_n but_o we_o will_v have_v you_o so_o to_o appoint_v bishop_n that_o they_o be_v not_o too_o far_o asunder_o from_o one_o another_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n but_o that_o at_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n other_o may_v be_v present_a and_o such_o other_o presbyter_n also_o who_o presence_n be_v requisite_a aught_o to_o have_v easy_a mean_n of_o access_n when_o therefore_o bishop_n shall_v be_v so_o ordain_v in_o place_n near_o one_o another_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o bishop_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v without_o three_o or_o four_o bishop_n assist_v etc._n etc._n augustine_n nine_o question_n be_v this_o how_o ought_v we_o to_o behave_v ourselves_o towards_o the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n and_o britain_n ccccxcviii_n the_o pope_n answer_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n for_o be_v somewhat_o long_o we_o shall_v also_o contract_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o pope_n allow_v he_o no_o authority_n over_o the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n any_o further_a than_o by_o advice_n or_o spiritual_a admonition_n if_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o fault_n because_o they_o be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o his_o authority_n and_o conclude_v thus_o but_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n we_o commit_v to_o your_o brotherhood_n that_o the_o ignorant_a may_v be_v teach_v the_o weak_a by_o persuasion_n strengthen_v and_o the_o perverse_a correct_v by_o our_o authority_n the_o remain_a question_n concern_v woman_n with_o child_n and_o other_o unnecessary_a if_o not_o immodest_a thing_n i_o omit_v this_o year_n also_o according_a to_o florence_n of_o worcester_n ceolric_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n die_a ceolfus_n or_o ceulphus_n succeed_v he_o and_o reign_v twenty_o four_o year_n this_o year_n redâ—ald_n king_n of_o the_o east_n angle_n die_v his_o son_n eorpenwald_n reign_v in_o his_o stead_n as_o mat._n westminster_n rebate_n but_o bede_n proceed_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o augustine_n have_v settle_v his_o archiepiscopal_n see_v at_o canterbury_n dxcix_o rebuilt_a that_o old_a church_n which_o have_v be_v first_o erect_v by_o the_o christian_a roman_n and_o have_v dedicate_v it_o in_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n our_o saviour_n he_o appoint_v it_o as_o a_o see_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n he_o likewise_o found_v a_o monastery_n towards_o the_o east_n dc_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n where_o also_o ethelbert_n by_o his_o persuasion_n build_v the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n in_o which_o the_o body_n of_o st._n augustine_n himself_o and_o of_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n ibid._n as_o also_o of_o the_o king_n of_o kent_n shall_v be_v inter_v peter_n a_o presbyter_n be_v make_v the_o first_o abbot_n of_o this_o monastery_n who_o be_v drown_v go_v on_o a_o message_n into_o france_n but_o augustine_n never_o live_v to_o to_o finish_v this_o church_n which_o be_v afterward_o consecrate_a by_o archbishop_n laâ—rence_n his_o successor_n but_o the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o according_a to_o a_o fair_a but_o indifferent_a ancient_a manuscript_n concern_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o s._n paul_n afterward_o call_v st._n augustine_n in_o canterbury_n which_o be_v now_o preserve_v in_o the_o library_n of_o trinity_n hall_n in_o cambridge_n part_n of_o which_o be_v print_v in_o dein_fw-ge sir_n h._n spelman_n vol._n of_o council_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o cathedral_n of_o christ_n church_n be_v first_o mention_v by_o bede_n yet_o that_o according_a to_o the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v not_o the_o first_o build_v but_o rather_o the_o church_n of_o st._n pancras_n which_o from_o a_o heathen_a temple_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o christian_a church_n where_o king_n ethelbert_n himself_o be_v baptise_a and_o upon_o the_o ground_n belong_v to_o which_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v first_o found_v as_o have_v be_v already_o relate_v from_o bede_n augustine_n have_v about_o this_o time_n send_v the_o pope_n word_n that_o the_o harvest_n indeed_o be_v great_a but_o the_o labourer_n few_o dci_o he_o therefore_o send_v he_o more_o preacher_n of_o the_o word_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v mellitus_n justus_n paulinus_n and_o rufinian_n and_o with_o they_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o service_n or_o ornament_n of_o the_o church_n such_o as_o holy_a vessel_n and_o altar-cloath_n as_o also_o sacerdotal_a vestment_n together_o with_o divers_a relic_n and_o a_o great_a many_o book_n he_o also_o signify_v to_o he_o in_o his_o letter_n that_o he_o have_v send_v he_o a_o archiepiscopal_a pall_n and_o thereby_o he_o give_v he_o power_n to_o ordain_v twelve_o other_o bishop_n in_o several_a place_n all_o which_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o his_o jurisdiction_n only_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o his_o own_o synod_n dci_o and_o shall_v receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o apostolic_a see_n for_o it_o seem_v the_o pope_n then_o intend_v london_n for_o a_o archbishopric_a but_o as_o for_o york_n when_o convert_v he_o give_v he_o power_n to_o ordain_v who_o he_o please_v bishop_n there_o who_o shall_v likewise_o ordain_v twelve_o bishop_n more_o and_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o metropolitan_a yet_o so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o augustine_n live_v he_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o he_o but_o after_o his_o decease_n he_o shall_v not_o be_v at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o any_o other_o bishop_n only_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o precedence_n who_o be_v first_o ordain_v then_o exhort_v he_o to_o transact_v all_o thing_n by_o a_o common_a consent_n yet_o give_v he_o a_o jurisdiction_n over_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n that_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o perform_v their_o duty_n as_o well_o by_o his_o instruction_n as_o example_n this_o letter_n bear_v date_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n mauritius_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n sixty_o with_o which_o also_o the_o saxon_a annal_n agree_v for_o under_o this_o very_a year_n they_o place_n pope_n gregory_n send_v to_o the_o pall_n to_o arch_a bishop_n augustine_n with_o many_o holy_a teacher_n to_o assist_v he_o sometime_o after_o the_o send_v these_o messenger_n with_o these_o letter_n the_o pope_n also_o write_v other_o letter_n to_o mellitus_n wherein_o he_o give_v he_o instruction_n concern_v the_o temple_n of_o idol_n which_o the_o pope_n will_v not_o have_v pull_v down_o but_o only_o new_a consecrate_a by_o the_o sprinkle_n of_o holy_a water_n and_o erect_v of_o new_a altar_n and_o as_o for_o the_o ox_n that_o use_v to_o be_v sacrifice_v to_o their_o false_a god_n he_o will_v have_v such_o kind_n of_o solemnity_n so_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o dedication_n of_o their_o church_n or_o of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n who_o relic_n be_v there_o preserve_v booth_n shall_v be_v make_v up_o of_o bough_n near_o the_o say_a church_n where_o have_v kill_v those_o ox_n that_o be_v former_o wont_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v they_o may_v make_v merry_a in_o give_v god_n thanks_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a to_o take_v away_o all_o vain_a and_o superstitious_a custom_n at_o once_o out_o of_o man_n mind_n so_o prejudice_v by_o long_a education_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o the_o pope_n return_v a_o answer_n to_o other_o letter_n which_o augustine_n have_v before_o write_v to_o he_o wherein_o have_v congratulate_v his_o great_a success_n in_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o also_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a miracle_n that_o almighty_a god_n have_v do_v by_o he_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o though_o he_o may_v rejoice_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o that_o heavenly_a gift_n yet_o with_o such_o a_o joy_n as_o aught_o to_o be_v allay_v with_o fear_n for_o as_o he_o may_v rejoice_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o english_a be_v through_o miracle_n draw_v to_o a_o inward_a grace_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v
now_o repair_v it_o and_o make_v it_o habitable_a and_o then_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o son-in-law_n ethered_a earl_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o now_o all_o the_o english_a viz._n the_o mercian_n and_o kentishman_n as_o also_o the_o east_n and_o west_n saxon_n who_o have_v be_v before_o disperse_v or_o make_v prisoner_n with_o the_o dane_n be_v now_o return_v home_o put_v themselves_o under_o king_n alfred_n protection_n but_o these_o danish_a storm_n be_v pretty_a well_o blow_v over_o king_n alfred_n begin_v now_o to_o make_v some_o use_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n he_o have_v send_v for_o from_o abroad_o for_o as_o mr._n camden_n show_v we_o in_o his_o oxfordshire_n britannia_n we_o have_v a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon._n under_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 886_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o st._n grimbald_n come_v over_o into_o england_n the_o university_n of_o oxford_n be_v found_v the_o first_o regent_n there_o 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the_o matter_n and_o submit_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o patience_n to_o hear_v the_o cause_n and_o complaint_n of_o both_o party_n dccclxxvii_o the_o controversy_n depend_v upon_o this_o the_o old_a scholar_n maintain_v that_o before_o the_o come_n of_o grimbald_n to_o oxford_n learning_n do_v here_o flourish_v tho'_o the_o student_n be_v less_o in_o number_n than_o they_o have_v former_o be_v because_o very_o many_o of_o they_o have_v be_v expel_v by_o the_o cruel_a tyranny_n of_o the_o pagan_n they_o far_o declare_v and_o prove_v by_o the_o undoubted_a testimony_n of_o their_o ancient_a annal_n that_o good_a order_n and_o constitution_n for_o the_o government_n of_o that_o place_n have_v be_v already_o make_v by_o man_n of_o great_a piety_n and_o learning_n such_o as_o gildas_n melkin_n ninnias_fw-it kentigern_n and_o other_o who_o have_v there_o prosecute_v their_o study_n to_o a_o good_a old_a age_n all_o thing_n be_v then_o manage_v in_o happy_a peace_n and_o quiet_a and_o that_o st._n german_n come_v to_o oxford_n and_o reside_v there_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v go_v through_o all_o england_n to_o preach_v down_o the_o pelagian_a heresy_n do_v well_o approve_v of_o their_o rule_n and_o order_n the_o king_n with_o incredible_a humility_n and_o great_a attention_n hear_v both_o party_n exhort_v they_o with_o pious_a and_o importunate_a entreaty_n to_o preserve_v love_n and_o amity_n with_o one_o another_o upon_o this_o he_o leave_v they_o in_o hope_n that_o they_o both_o will_v follow_v his_o advice_n and_o obey_v his_o instruction_n but_o grimbald_n resent_v these_o proceed_n retire_v immediate_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o winchester_n which_o king_n aelfred_n have_v late_o found_v and_o soon_o after_o he_o get_v his_o tomb_n to_o be_v remove_v thither_o to_o he_o in_o which_o he_o have_v design_v his_o bone_n shall_v be_v put_v after_o his_o decease_n and_o lay_v in_o a_o vault_n under_o the_o chancel_n of_o the_o church_n of_o s._n peter_n in_o oxford_n which_o church_n the_o say_a grimbald_n have_v raise_v from_o the_o ground_n of_o stone_n hew_v and_o carve_v with_o great_a art_n but_o since_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o quarrel_n of_o st._n grimbald_n and_o the_o old_a scholar_n of_o oxford_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o ancient_a copy_n of_o asser_n which_o archbishop_n parker_n first_o publish_v in_o saxon_a character_n like_o those_o in_o which_o it_o be_v write_v be_v still_o extant_a in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n yet_o though_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o mr._n camden_n in_o that_o edition_n of_o asser_n which_o be_v print_v at_o frankford_n in_o 1603._o the_o original_a of_o which_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o his_o ant._n brit._n eccles._n express_o tell_v we_o mr._n camden_n never_o see_v from_o whence_o sir_n john_n spelman_n in_o his_o latin_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n have_v make_v a_o very_a hard_a inference_n 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wood_n in_o his_o note_n tell_v we_o than_o belong_v to_o sir_n henry_n savile_n of_o bank_n near_o halifax_n in_o yorkshire_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o answer_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o objection_n which_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n spelman_n do_v there_o produce_v against_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o above_o cite_v passage_n which_o suppose_v public_a school_n to_o have_v be_v at_o oxford_n before_o king_n alfred_n time_n for_o they_o be_v all_o reduceable_a to_o these_o two_o head_n first_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o hyde_n abovementioned_a as_o also_o that_o of_o polychronicon_n that_o king_n alfred_n be_v the_o first_o king_n who_o found_v a_o university_n there_o dccclxviii_o all_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o allow_v that_o to_o be_v true_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o university_n endow_v with_o privilege_n and_o distinct_a hall_n and_o college_n build_v on_o purpose_n and_o
and_o instead_o thereof_o engage_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o send_v he_o a_o yearly_o tribute_n of_o so_o many_o wolf_n head_n in_o lieu_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o the_o say_a prince_n perform_v till_o within_o some_o year_n there_o be_v no_o more_o wolf_n to_o be_v find_v either_o in_o england_n or_o wales_n that_o tribute_n cease_v but_o to_o proceed_v with_o our_o annal_n this_o year_n decease_a aelfgar_n cousin_n to_o the_o king_n and_o earl_n also_o of_o devonshire_n who_o body_n lie_v bury_v at_o wilton_n sigeferth_n likewise_o here_o call_v a_o king_n though_o he_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o vice-king_n or_o earl_n of_o some_o province_n now_o make_v himself_o away_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o winborne_n the_o same_o year_n be_v a_o great_a mortality_n of_o man_n and_o a_o very_a malignant_a fever_n rage_v at_o london_n also_o the_o church_n of_o st._n paul_n at_o london_n be_v this_o year_n burn_v and_o soon_o after_o rebuilt_a and_o athelmod_a the_o priest_n go_v 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divers_a monastery_n and_o drive_v the_o clerk_n i._n e._n canon_n from_o that_o bishopric_n because_o they_o will_v observe_v no_o rule_n and_o place_v monk_n in_o their_o stead_n he_o also_o found_v two_o abbey_n the_o one_o of_o monk_n and_o the_o other_o of_o nun_n and_o afterward_o go_v to_o king_n edgar_n he_o desire_v he_o to_o bestow_v upon_o he_o all_o the_o monastery_n the_o dane_n have_v before_o destroy_v because_o he_o intend_v to_o rebuild_v they_o which_o the_o king_n willing_o grant_v then_o the_o bishop_n go_v to_o elig_n where_o st._n etheldrith_n lie_v bury_v and_o cause_v that_o monastery_n to_o be_v rebuilt_a and_o then_o give_v it_o to_o the_o care_n of_o one_o of_o his_o monk_n name_v brightnoth_n and_o afterward_o make_v he_o abbot_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o that_o monastery_n where_o there_o have_v be_v nun_n before_o then_o bishop_n athelwald_n go_v to_o the_o monastery_n which_o be_v call_v medeshamstead_n which_o have_v also_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n where_o he_o find_v nothing_o but_o old_a wall_n with_o tree_n and_o bush_n grow_v among_o they_o but_o at_o last_o he_o spy_v hide_v in_o one_o of_o these_o wall_n that_o charter_n which_o abbot_n headda_n have_v former_o write_v in_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o king_n wulfher_n and_o ethelred_n his_o brother_n have_v found_v this_o monastery_n and_o that_o the_o king_n with_o the_o bishop_n have_v free_v it_o from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n and_o pope_n agatho_n have_v confirm_v it_o by_o his_o bull_n as_o also_o the_o archbishop_n deus_fw-la dedit_fw-la which_o charter_n i_o suppose_v be_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v already_o recite_v in_o the_o four_o book_n anno_fw-la 656._o and_o which_o i_o have_v there_o prove_v to_o be_v forge_v for_o the_o monk_n have_v then_o a_o very_a fair_a opportunity_n to_o forge_v that_o charter_n dcccclxiii_n and_o afterward_o to_o pretend_v they_o find_v it_o in_o a_o old_a wall_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n thus_o much_o be_v 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soc_n tol_o and_o team_n and_o infangentheof_n introduction_n which_o term_n i_o shall_v explain_v in_o another_o place_n the_o king_n there_o also_o grant_v they_o a_o market_n with_o the_o toll_n thereof_o and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o other_o market_n between_o stamford_n and_o huntingdon_n and_o to_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o king_n also_o grant_v the_o abbot_n a_o mint_n but_o as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o land_n give_v together_o with_o the_o limit_n and_o the_o toll_v of_o the_o market_n there_o mention_v i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o charter_n itself_o then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o next_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o a_o dreadful_a curse_n on_o those_o that_o shall_v violate_v it_o as_o also_o the_o confirmation_n of_o oswald_n archbishop_n of_o york_n athelwald_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n with_o several_z other_z bishop_n abbot_n 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pictish_a though_o what_o that_o language_n be_v we_o can_v now_o tell_v for_o the_o pict_n be_v total_o subdue_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o thereby_o incorporate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o that_o nation_n that_o tongue_n be_v quite_o extinct_a though_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v at_o least_o different_a in_o dialect_n from_o that_o of_o the_o britain_n it_o seem_v improbable_a that_o bede_n who_o be_v so_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o they_o shall_v mention_v it_o as_o a_o distinct_a tongue_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o by_o all_o the_o relic_n we_o can_v now_o find_v of_o it_o in_o the_o name_n of_o place_n in_o the_o south_n and_o west_n part_n of_o scotland_n they_o be_v pure_o british_a as_o mr._n camden_n have_v learned_o prove_v in_o his_o say_a introduction_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o name_n of_o pict_n be_v indeed_o latin_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o paint_a man_n and_o that_o no_o roman_a author_n make_v mention_n of_o they_o before_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n who_o live_v about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o century_n and_o be_v the_o first_o who_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o picti_n distinguish_v they_o into_o dicalidonii_n perhaps_o it_o shall_v be_v deucaldonii_n and_o vecturiones_n which_o the_o learned_a dr._n lloyd_n late_a lord_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o now_o of_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n in_o his_o historical_a account_n of_o church_n government_n in_o britain_n probable_o enough_o derive_v from_o the_o british_a deucilyddion_n and_o câ—withwrion_n that_o be_v southern_a caledones_n or_o borderer_n and_o northern_a men._n it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o pict_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o remainder_n of_o those_o britain_n who_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n by_o resist_v the_o roman_a arm_n and_o be_v at_o last_o divide_v from_o the_o roman_a britain_n by_o a_o wall_n now_o call_v the_o pict_n wall_n the_o vestiges_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v to_o this_o day_n draw_v between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n tine_n and_o eske_n to_o hinder_v their_o far_a incursion_n into_o those_o part_n which_o be_v then_o under_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o have_v say_v enough_o concern_v this_o island_n in_o general_n together_o with_o its_o first_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o language_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n to_o come_v to_o our_o main_a design_n the_o history_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v at_o this_o day_n england_n and_o which_o be_v in_o the_o roman_n time_n divide_v into_o several_a province_n or_o government_n as_o britannia_fw-la prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la and_o maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n etc._n etc._n they_o may_v â—e_v see_v in_o the_o ancient_n notitia_fw-la of_o the_o roman_a empâ—re_n we_o must_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n ingenuous_o confess_v that_o till_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o roman_n there_o
remain_v master_n there_o the_o army_n in_o gaul_n then_o take_v part_n with_o he_o against_o honorius_n and_o withaâ—_n gildas_n say_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n return_v in_o triumph_n and_o so_o much_o be_v confess_v by_o bâ—de_n but_o at_o what_o time_n can_v we_o suppose_v that_o to_o have_v happen_v be_v it_o likely_a that_o after_o the_o usurpation_n of_o constantine_n a_o roman_a legion_n shall_v return_v in_o so_o much_o triumph_n for_o immediate_o aftâ—r_n constantine_n usurpation_n the_o roman_a empire_n begâ—n_o extreme_o to_o decline_v in_o those_o part_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v gaul_n be_v upon_o composition_n 412._o not_o long_o after_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o goth_n by_o honorius_n and_o beside_o the_o frank_n and_o burgundian_n make_v continual_a incursion_n there_o i_o conclude_v it_o therefore_o most_o probable_a that_o the_o first_o supply_v send_v to_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o after_o constantine_n usurpation_n but_o between_o the_o death_n of_o maximus_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o gratianus_n municeps_fw-la now_o let_v we_o see_v if_o we_o can_v hence_o discover_v when_o the_o second_o assistance_n be_v send_v to_o the_o britain_n for_o which_o we_o must_v own_v ourselves_o behold_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a learned_a doctor_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o he_o thus_o make_v it_o out_o the_o second_o time_n the_o distress_a britain_n be_v force_v to_o solicit_v the_o romans_n for_o supply_n be_v place_v by_o archbishop_n Ê‹sher_n 318._o anno_fw-la dom._n 426_o when_o gallio_n of_o ravenâ—a_n be_v send_v hither_o as_o he_o suppose_v because_o the_o next_o year_n prosper_n say_v that_o gallio_n be_v send_v against_o bonifacius_n in_o africa_n but_o then_o the_o archbishop_n make_v the_o first_o supply_n to_o have_v be_v send_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n reign_n for_o which_o the_o doctor_n say_v he_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o the_o lord_n primate_n grant_v that_o immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o maxâ—mus_n the_o scot_n and_o pict_n do_v waste_v britain_n and_o that_o then_o stillico_fw-la do_v send_v assistance_n to_o they_o why_o then_o shall_v the_o first_o waste_v of_o the_o island_n mention_v by_o gildas_n and_o the_o legion_n send_v thereupon_o be_v that_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n his_o reign_n and_o not_o rather_o in_o the_o beginning_n since_o the_o latter_a be_v very_o perplex_v and_o troublesome_a the_o alani_n swevi_n and_o vandali_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o great_a part_n of_o spain_n while_o the_o frank_n burgundian_n and_o goth_n have_v all_o gaul_n so_o that_o honorius_n the_o year_n before_o his_o death_n be_v force_v to_o send_v his_o force_n under_o castinus_n into_o spain_n against_o the_o vandal_n as_o prosper_v in_o his_o chronicle_n affirm_v and_o that_o also_o prove_v the_o occasion_n of_o new_a trouble_n in_o africa_n by_o the_o difference_n between_o castinus_n and_o bonifacius_n who_o for_o his_o own_o security_n send_v over_o the_o vandal_n thither_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o most_o probable_a that_o the_o first_o supply_n of_o the_o britain_n shall_v be_v send_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n reign_n especial_o since_o the_o learned_a primate_n confess_v that_o honorius_n do_v not_o in_o his_o time_n recover_v the_o province_n of_o britain_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o against_o sabellicus_n from_o procopius_n authority_n a_o much_o more_o ancient_a author_n beside_o that_o of_o bede_n so_o that_o the_o single_a testimony_n of_o sigebert_n that_o honorius_n send_v assistance_n to_o the_o britain_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o do_v to_o the_o spaniard_n when_o prosper_n idatius_n and_o cassiodore_n who_o all_o mention_n the_o latter_a say_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o former_a can_v bear_v down_o the_o more_o weighty_a reason_n on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o this_o interval_n between_o the_o send_n of_o the_o two_o supply_n the_o roman_a affair_n become_v so_o desperate_a that_o the_o saxon_a annal_n ccccxviii_n as_o well_o as_o ethelward_n in_o his_o chronicle_n relate_v that_o now_o the_o roman_n hide_v their_o treasure_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o carry_v they_o away_o with_o they_o into_o gaul_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v most_o likely_a during_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n ccccxviii_n the_o britain_n do_v no_o more_o return_n to_o his_o obedience_n tho'_o notwithstanding_o they_o do_v again_o endeavour_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n valentinian_n iii_o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n above_o cite_v make_v it_o more_o than_o probable_a in_o the_o same_o place_n from_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o particular_o set_v down_o so_o that_o the_o second_o supply_n which_o be_v send_v upon_o the_o mighty_a importunity_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o valentinian_n iii_o after_o that_o aetius_n have_v somewhat_o recover_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o gaul_n for_o after_o his_o success_n there_o both_o against_o the_o goth_n and_o frank_n he_o have_v liberty_n enough_o to_o send_v over_o a_o legion_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o be_v again_o miserable_o harass_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n and_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v that_o gildas_n say_v the_o roman_n upon_o the_o sad_a representation_n of_o the_o british_a ambassador_n send_v they_o speedy_a supply_n so_o far_o we_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o the_o learned_a dr._n stillingfleet_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o worcâ—ster_n but_o if_o i_o may_v interpose_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o shall_v assign_v the_o send_n of_o these_o last_o supply_n by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 435_o when_o aetius_n have_v good_a success_n against_o the_o burgundian_n in_o gaul_n to_o which_o year_n also_o the_o saxon_a annal_n refer_v the_o cease_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o britain_n only_o the_o compiler_n be_v mistake_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o in_o make_v rome_n to_o have_v be_v take_v this_o year_n by_o the_o goth_n the_o other_o in_o suppose_v the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n rule_v here_o to_o be_v but_o 470_o year_n whereas_o indeed_o it_o be_v 488_o year_n as_o i_o shall_v present_o make_v out_o so_o that_o from_o this_o last_o departure_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v do_v by_o the_o emperor_n be_v express_a order_n ccccxxxv_n i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o date_n the_o total_a dereliction_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o roman_n who_o now_o by_o refuse_v they_o their_o protection_n leave_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o defend_v themselves_o and_o from_o hence_o i_o may_v also_o date_n the_o final_a period_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o this_o island_n which_o have_v now_o last_v from_o julius_n caesar_n second_o land_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o 53d_o year_n before_o christ_n to_o this_o year_n be_v the_o 435th_o year_n after_o christ_n the_o space_n of_o 488_o year_n but_o if_o you_o account_v from_o the_o more_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o it_o by_o claudius_n in_o the_o forty_o four_o year_n after_o christ_n it_o continue_v but_o 391_o year_n but_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v at_o last_o very_o unwilling_o cut_v off_o from_o be_v any_o long_o a_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n appear_v by_o the_o last_o message_n they_o send_v to_o aetius_n again_o implore_v assistance_n which_o the_o emperor_n not_o be_v able_a to_o grant_v they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v but_o to_o provide_v for_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v which_o since_o it_o happen_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o suppose_v the_o roman_a power_n to_o have_v cease_v in_o this_o island_n i_o shall_v refer_v the_o further_a relation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o next_o book_n but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a account_n of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n in_o this_o island_n in_o these_o two_o last_o century_n where_o after_o the_o last_o persecution_n under_o dioclesian_n bede_n tell_v we_o the_o british_a church_n enjoy_v a_o perfect_a peace_n till_o the_o arrian_n heresy_n overran_a the_o whole_a world_n and_o at_o last_o infect_v this_o island_n though_o divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o but_o though_o neither_o gildas_n nor_o bede_n have_v set_v down_o the_o year_n when_o this_o heresy_n first_o begin_v to_o spread_v itself_o here_o yet_o he_o seem_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o constantius_n when_o this_o pestilent_a opinion_n carry_v the_o face_n of_o authority_n as_o have_v be_v confirm_v in_o several_a pretend_a council_n but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n though_o the_o year_n
pope_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a do_v afterward_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a according_a to_o the_o tradition_n give_v you_o in_o the_o second_o book_n that_o it_o be_v first_o preach_v and_o propagate_v here_o by_o some_o apostle_n or_o disciple_n of_o the_o eastern_a or_o asiatick_n church_n and_o tho'_o a_o late_a romish_a writer_n very_o much_o arraign_v the_o credit_n of_o this_o manuscript_n as_o make_v since_o the_o day_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o cavil_n at_o the_o welsh_a thereof_o as_o modern_a and_o full_a of_o false_a spell_a yet_o be_v not_o this_o any_o material_a exception_n against_o it_o since_o the_o welsh_a use_v in_o it_o be_v not_o so_o modern_a as_o he_o will_v make_v it_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v by_o those_o who_o be_v critic_n in_o that_o language_n and_o as_o for_o the_o spell_a that_o may_v be_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o transcriber_n and_o tho'_o the_o archiepiscopal_n see_v be_v then_o remove_v from_o caer-leon_n to_o st._n david_n yet_o it_o may_v still_o retain_v the_o former_a title_n as_o of_o the_o first_o and_o most_o famous_a place_n duc_n about_o which_o time_n archbishop_n augustine_n be_v suppose_v by_o the_o best_a worcester_n chronologer_n to_o have_v depart_v this_o life_n tho'_o the_o certain_a year_n of_o his_o death_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v either_o in_o bede_n or_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n his_o body_n be_v bury_v abroad_o near_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n till_o that_o can_v be_v finish_v and_o dedicate_v which_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v do_v be_v decent_o bury_v in_o the_o porch_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o church_n in_o which_o be_v also_o bury_v all_o the_o succeed_a arch-bishop_n except_o two_o viz._n theodore_n and_o birthwald_n who_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n because_o the_o porch_n will_v contain_v no_o more_o but_o his_o epitaph_n tho'_o it_o mention_n his_o be_v send_v by_o the_o pope_n to_o convert_v the_o english_a nation_n and_o his_o be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o that_o he_o die_v in_o the_o seven_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o june_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n yet_o omit_v the_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o our_o lord_n in_o which_o he_o die_v i_o suppose_v because_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o then_o common_o make_v use_v of_o either_o in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a account_n of_o that_o time_n dcv_o but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v treat_v further_o hereafter_o under_o this_o year_n bede_n also_o place_v the_o death_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o great_a of_o who_o life_n and_o action_n he_o give_v we_o a_o long_a account_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o but_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n put_v off_o the_o death_n of_o this_o pope_n to_o the_o next_o year_n but_o i_o rather_o follow_v bede_n as_o the_o ancient_a and_o more_o authentic_a author_n the_o same_o year_n be_v also_o very_o remarkable_a for_o 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and_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n be_v vanquish_v jevaf_a and_o jago_n pursue_v they_o as_o far_o as_o curdigan_n destroy_v their_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n dccccli_n this_o year_n according_a to_o the_o annal_n aelfeag_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n decease_v at_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n gregory_n dcccclii_fw-la the_o northumber_n again_o expel_v king_n anlaf_n and_o set_v up_o eric_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o eric_n mention_v by_o hoveden_n who_o yet_o do_v not_o immediate_o enter_v upon_o the_o throne_n as_o that_o author_n suppose_v till_o anlaf_n have_v be_v expel_v but_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o the_o chronicle_n of_o mailrosse_n place_v the_o expulsion_n of_o anlaf_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o eric_n two_o year_n soon_o and_o perhaps_o with_o better_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o year_n according_a to_o hoveden_n king_n edred_n make_v wulstan_n archbishop_n of_o york_n close_a prisoner_n at_o witharbirig_n 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he_o to_o govern_v as_o a_o conqueror_n from_o which_o also_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o flourish_a trade_n and_o wealth_n of_o that_o city_n in_o those_o day_n since_o it_o can_v even_o at_o that_o time_n pay_v above_o a_o seven_o of_o this_o excessive_a taxation_n then_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a army_n return_v into_o denmark_n and_o only_o forty_o ship_n remain_v with_o king_n cnute_n the_o dane_n and_o english_a be_v likewise_o now_o reconcile_v and_o unite_v at_o oxnaford_n bromton_n say_v it_o be_v do_v at_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n where_o king_n cnute_n ordain_v the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n i_o e._n of_o england_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o same_o year_n also_o aethelsige_v abbot_n of_o abbandune_n decease_v and_o aethelwin_n succeed_v he_o this_o year_n king_n cnute_n return_v into_o denmark_n mxix_o and_o there_o stay_v all_o the_o winter_n bromton_n chronicle_n say_v he_o go_v over_o to_o subdue_v the_o vandal_n who_o 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and_o divers_z other_z bishop_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o chaplain_n who_o name_n be_v stigand_n also_o archbishop_n live_v decease_v and_o ethelnoth_n a_o monk_n and_o dean_n of_o canterbury_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n by_o wulstan_n archbishop_n of_o york_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v far_o i_o will_v give_v you_o some_o account_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o wales_n in_o these_o time_n where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o kynan_n or_o conan_n the_o usurp_a prince_n of_o south-wales_n abovementioned_a lewelyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v according_a to_o caradoc_n chronicle_n possess_v himself_o of_o south-wales_n mxx._n and_o have_v for_o some_o year_n govern_v both_o those_o country_n with_o great_a peace_n and_o prosperity_n so_o that_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n sea_n there_o be_v not_o a_o beggar_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o every_o man_n have_v sufficient_a to_o live_v of_o his_o own_o insomuch_o that_o the_o country_n grow_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a but_o this_o year_n produce_v a_o notable_a impostor_n for_o a_o certain_a scot_n of_o mean_a birth_n come_v now_o into_o south-wales_n and_o call_v himself_o run_v or_o reyn_n as_o the_o manuscript_n copy_n have_v it_o the_o son_n of_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n late_a prince_n of_o wales_n as_o you_o have_v already_o hear_v upon_o which_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o country_n who_o love_v not_o lewelyn_n set_v up_o this_o run_n or_o reyn_n to_o be_v their_o prince_n but_o lewelyn_n hear_v of_o it_o assemble_v all_o the_o force_n of_o north-wales_n and_o march_v against_o this_o run_n who_o have_v now_o also_o get_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o south-wales_n together_o and_o go_v as_o far_o as_o abergwy_o i._n e._n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n gwy_o there_o wait_v the_o come_n of_o lewelyn_n but_o when_o he_o arrive_v and_o both_o army_n be_v ready_a to_o join_v battle_n run_v full_a of_o outward_a confidence_n encourage_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v yet_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o battle_n begin_v but_o this_o impostor_n soon_o discover_v what_o he_o be_v by_o withdraw_v himself_o pâ—â—â—ly_o out_o of_o the_o fight_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a lewelyn_n like_o a_o courageous_a prince_n stand_v in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n call_v out_o aloud_o for_o this_o base_a scot_n run_v who_o dare_v so_o belie_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o british_a prince_n both_o army_n then_o meet_v fight_v for_o a_o while_n with_o great_a courage_n and_o malice_n to_o each_o other_o but_o it_o seem_v the_o south-wales_n man_n be_v not_o so_o resolute_a in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o this_o impostor_n as_o those_o of_o north-wales_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o lawful_a prince_n the_o latter_a be_v also_o encourage_v by_o the_o speech_n and_o prowess_n of_o their_o prince_n put_v the_o former_a to_o the_o rout_n and_o pursue_v this_o run_v so_o close_o that_o he_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v prince_n lewelyn_n have_v get_v thus_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spoil_n return_v home_o and_o for_o a_o short_a time_n govern_v these_o country_n in_o peace_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o annal_n mxxi_o this_o year_n about_o martinmass_n king_n cnute_n outlaw_v i._n e._n banish_a earl_n thurkyl_n but_o they_o tell_v we_o not_o the_o crime_n yet_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n make_v it_o a_o judgement_n for_o be_v the_o principal_a promoter_n of_o the_o murder_n of_o archbishop_n aelfeage_n and_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o return_v into_o denmark_n he_o be_v kill_v by_o some_o nobleman_n of_o that_o nation_n this_o year_n also_o according_a to_o a_o old_a manuscript_n belong_v to_o st._n edmundsbury_n and_o cite_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n coke_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o 9_o the_o book_n of_o his_o report_n king_n cnute_n hold_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n wherein_o be_v present_v the_o two_o archbishop_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n as_o also_o many_o ealdorman_n and_o earl_n with_o divers_a abbot_n together_o with_o a_o great_a many_o knight_n and_o a_o vast_a multitude_n of_o people_n and_o there_o in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o king_n desire_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n edmund_n the_o king_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o for_o ever_o exempt_a from_o all_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n of_o that_o country_n but_o sir_n h._n spelman_n here_o very_o well_o observe_v that_o this_o manuscript_n can_v be_v no_o ancient_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o because_o the_o word_n parliament_n be_v not_o in_o use_n before_o that_o time_n though_o thus_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n cnute_n the_o year_n before_o found_v this_o monastery_n afterward_o call_v st._n edmundsbury_n but_o then_o know_v to_o the_o saxon_n by_o the_o name_n of_o beadrichesworth_n where_o there_o have_v be_v a_o church_n build_v before_o and_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o year_n 942_o have_v also_o give_v several_a land_n to_o it_o and_o upon_o which_o foundation_n king_n cnute_n have_v late_o build_v and_o endow_v the_o say_a abbey_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o largest_n and_o rich_a in_o all_o england_n lewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylt_n prince_n of_o wales_n mxxi_o but_o a_o short_a time_n enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n for_o this_o year_n the_o welsh_a chronicle_n tell_v we_o he_o be_v slay_v by_o howel_n and_o meredyth_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n edwin_n or_o owen_n abovementioned_a who_o yet_o do_v not_o succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n for_o jâ—go_n son_n to_o edwal_n late_a prince_n of_o wales_n be_v now_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n as_o lawful_a heir_n have_v be_v long_o debar_v of_o his_o right_n but_o it_o seem_v he_o can_v not_o do_v the_o like_a in_o south-wales_n which_o one_o rytheric_a ap_fw-mi justin_n seize_v upon_o and_o hold_v by_o force_n this_o year_n king_n cnute_n sail_v with_o his_o fleet_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n mxxii_o but_o upon_o what_o account_n our_o annal_n do_v not_o show_v we_o also_o archbishop_n aethelnoth_n go_v to_o rome_n and_o be_v there_o receive_v by_o pope_n benedict_n with_o great_a honour_n who_o put_v on_o his_o pall_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v so_o habit_v celebrate_a mass_n as_o the_o pope_n command_v he_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v dine_v with_o he_o return_v home_o with_o his_o benediction_n also_o leofwin_n the_o abbot_n who_o have_v be_v unjust_o expel_v from_o the_o monastery_n of_o elig_n be_v his_o companion_n and_o there_o clear_v himself_o of_o those_o crime_n of_o which_o he_o have_v be_v accuse_v before_o the_o pope_n the_o archbishop_n and_o all_o the_o company_n that_o be_v there_o present_a testify_v on_o his_o behalf_n wulstan_n archbishop_n of_o york_n decease_v and_o aelfric_n succeed_v mxxiii_o edelnoth_n the_o archbishop_n consecrate_v he_o at_o canterbury_n also_o this_o
the_o bishop_n and_o monk_n from_o who_o she_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v their_o good_a word_n yet_o however_o she_o do_v not_o escape_v scandal_n for_o she_o have_v several_a enemy_n that_o incense_v the_o king_n against_o she_o but_o especial_o archbishop_n robert_n the_o norman_a who_o have_v accuse_v she_o some_o year_n before_o her_o death_n of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o alwin_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n whereupon_o she_o be_v send_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o werewell_n have_v first_o of_o all_o her_o good_n take_v from_o she_o whilst_o the_o bishop_n be_v commit_v to_o prison_n archbishop_n robert_n cry_v out_o that_o such_o villainy_n ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a for_o fear_v it_o shall_v be_v a_o encouragement_n for_o other_o to_o do_v the_o like_a but_o she_o not_o be_v keep_v very_o strict_o write_v to_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n who_o she_o know_v to_o be_v her_o friend_n profess_v that_o she_o be_v more_o trouble_v at_o the_o disgrace_n offer_v to_o the_o bishop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v do_v to_o herself_o and_o that_o she_o be_v ready_a to_o clear_v his_o innocency_n by_o the_o fire_n ordeal_o upon_o this_o the_o bishop_n meet_v and_o have_v easy_o prevail_v with_o the_o king_n to_o put_v up_o the_o business_n have_v not_o archbishop_n robert_n stiff_o oppose_v they_o demand_v of_o his_o brethren_n how_o they_o can_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o beast_n rather_o than_o woman_n mean_v the_o queen_n mother_n who_o have_v so_o detract_v from_o the_o king_n her_o son_n and_o yet_o have_v call_v her_o paramour_n the_o anoint_v of_o the_o lord_n but_o say_v he_o this_o woman_n will_v purge_v the_o bishop_n but_o who_o shall_v purge_v she_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o death_n of_o her_o son_n alfred_n and_o prepare_v poison_n for_o his_o brother_n now_o king_n edward_n but_o if_o she_o desire_v to_o be_v acquit_v let_v she_o accept_v of_o she_o own_o proposal_n and_o walk_v barefoot_a 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from_o they_o on_o his_o bare_a back_n queen_n emma_n for_o this_o signal_n deliverance_n give_v to_o st._n swithin_n nine_o manor_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n as_o many_o the_o innocency_n of_o they_o both_o be_v hereby_o absolute_o clear_v moreover_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v bestow_v on_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o portland_n and_o other_o possession_n mlii_o the_o substance_n of_o this_o story_n be_v both_o deliver_v by_o john_n bromton_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n but_o dr._n harpesfield_n have_v embellish_v it_o with_o divers_a other_o trivial_a circumstance_n whilst_o our_o more_o ancient_a author_n as_o malmesbury_n and_o other_o say_v nothing_o of_o it_o but_o methinks_v that_o which_o follow_v spoil_n all_o the_o rest_n viz._n that_o archbishop_n robert_n who_o some_o will_v have_v bishop_n and_o other_o archbishop_n at_o this_o time_n thereupon_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o land_n whereas_o indeed_o he_o continue_v here_o much_o long_o and_o flee_v out_o of_o england_n upon_o another_o occasion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o our_o annal_n the_o same_o year_n it_o be_v also_o decree_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o chief_a man_n that_o ship_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o sandwich_n and_o that_o earl_n rolfe_n and_o earl_n odda_n shall_v command_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n earl_n godwin_n depart_v from_o brycge_n with_o his_o ship_n to_o ysera_n a_o place_n we_o know_v not_o and_o then_o land_v the_o next_o day_n but_o one_o to_o midsummer-eve_n he_o come_v to_o the_o head_n or_o point_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o rumenea_n now_o rumney_n in_o kent_n which_o when_o it_o be_v tell_v the_o earl_n at_o sandwic_n they_o immediate_o sail_v out_o in_o pursuit_n of_o he_o and_o also_o command_v the_o land-force_n to_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o join_v they_o but_o be_v seem_v earl_n godwin_n have_v timely_a notice_n of_o it_o and_o so_o he_o fall_v back_o to_o pevensea_n i_o e._n pensey_n in_o sussex_n and_o then_o so_o violent_a a_o tempest_n arise_v that_o the_o earl_n can_v not_o inform_v themselves_o which_o way_n godwin_n be_v go_v but_o afterward_o he_o return_v and_o come_v to_o brycge_v and_o the_o king_n ship_n go_v to_o sandwic_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o be_v order_v back_o to_o london_n and_o other_o captain_n to_o command_v they_o but_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o long_o delay_v that_o all_o the_o seaman_n leave_v their_o ship_n and_o return_v to_o their_o own_o home_n as_o soon_o as_o earl_n godwin_n hear_v this_o he_o set_v out_o his_o fleet_n again_o to_o sea_n and_o sail_v direct_o westward_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o his_o man_n go_v ashore_o plunder_v so_o long_o till_o at_o last_o the_o people_n will_v give_v they_o what_o contribution_n soever_o they_o demand_v then_o they_o sail_v further_o westward_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o portland_n and_o there_o go_v again_o on_o shore_n they_o do_v all_o the_o damage_n they_o can_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n harold_n return_v from_o ireland_n with_o nine_o ship_n and_o land_v at_o portloc_n bay_n in_o somersetshire_n where_o much_o people_n be_v get_v together_o against_o he_o but_o he_o not_o be_v at_o all_o afraid_a of_o they_o march_v out_o to_o seek_v provision_n and_o there_o kill_v all_o before_o he_o take_z man_n cattle_n and_o money_n whatsoever_o he_o meet_v with_o from_o thence_o he_o sail_v eastward_o towards_o his_o father_n who_o have_v meet_v they_o go_v together_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o there_o plunder_v whatsoever_o be_v leave_v and_o thence_o coast_v to_o pevensea_n where_o they_o take_v all_o the_o ship_n that_o be_v in_o that_o harbour_n afterward_o they_o go_v to_o the_o naesse_a point_n and_o carry_v away_o all_o the_o ship_n that_o be_v in_o rumenea_n hythe_n and_o folcestane_n now_o folcston_n in_o kent_n thence_o they_o sail_v eastward_o again_o to_o dofra_fw-mi and_o go_v on_o shore_n take_v there_o as_o many_o ship_n and_o hostage_n as_o they_o can_v and_o then_o go_v to_o sandwic_n where_o also_o they_o do_v the_o like_a so_o that_o they_o have_v hostage_n and_o provision_n give_v they_o where_o ever_o they_o come_v as_o much_o as_o they_o require_v then_o again_o they_o sail_v to_o northmuthe_n suppose_v to_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v now_o the_o buoy_z in_o the_o north_n and_o thence_o up_o towards_o london_n they_o also_o send_v some_o ship_n to_o scepige_v and_o there_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n then_o they_o turn_v to_o middletune_n a_o town_n of_o the_o king_n in_o essex_n and_o burn_v it_o down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o afterward_o the_o earl_n go_v towards_o london_n but_o when_o they_o come_v thither_o they_o find_v the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o great_a man_n ready_a to_o receive_v they_o with_o fifty_o sail._n then_o the_o outlaw_v earl_n send_v to_o the_o king_n beseech_v he_o mlii_o that_o they_o may_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o estate_n of_o which_o they_o have_v be_v unjust_o deprive_v but_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o they_o by_o any_o mean_n till_o at_o last_o the_o man_n who_o be_v with_o the_o earl_n be_v so_o enrage_v against_o he_o and_o his_o people_n that_o the_o earl_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o appease_v they_o then_o be_v assemble_v by_o god_n assistance_n bishop_n stigand_n and_o other_o prudent_a man_n as_o well_o within_o the_o city_n as_o without_o and_o there_o they_o agree_v upon_o a_o peace_n to_o be_v make_v hostage_n be_v first_o give_v on_o both_o side_n which_o when_o archbishop_n rodbert_n and_o the_o other_o frenchman_n understand_v they_o take_v horse_n and_o flee_v some_o westward_n to_o pentecost_n castle_n but_o where_o it_o be_v we_o
he_o so_o keep_v seal_v up_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n within_o which_o time_n if_o the_o murderer_n be_v find_v out_o upon_o his_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n justice_n they_o be_v to_o be_v repay_v but_o in_o case_n within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v then_o be_v the_o kindred_n of_o the_o murder_v party_n to_o have_v six_o of_o the_o say_a mark_n and_o the_o king_n the_o other_o forty_o if_o he_o have_v no_o kindred_n his_o lord_n be_v to_o receive_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o lord_n than_o his_o swear_a friend_n and_o companion_n but_o if_o there_o be_v none_o of_o these_o than_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a sum_n to_o himself_o the_o sixteen_o article_n show_v we_o how_o this_o way_n of_o discover_v murder_n and_o punish_v the_o hundred_o come_v to_o be_v in_o use_v where_o the_o murderer_n can_v not_o be_v find_v viz._n that_o king_n cnute_n when_o he_o have_v get_v england_n and_o settle_v it_o in_o peace_n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o english_a baron_n have_v send_v back_o his_o army_n into_o denmark_n those_o baron_n become_v surety_n that_o all_o the_o dane_n that_o stay_v behind_o with_o he_o shall_v in_o all_o thing_n enjoy_v perfect_a peace_n so_o that_o in_o case_n a_o englishman_n kill_v any_o of_o they_o if_o he_o can_v not_o clear_v himself_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n that_o be_v by_o water_n or_o iron_n mean_v the_o ordeal_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v execute_v upon_o he_o and_o in_o case_n he_o run_v away_o payment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a this_o law_n to_o prevent_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v likewise_o continue_v by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n for_o in_o case_n a_o man_n be_v find_v slay_v he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o norman_a and_o his_o death_n to_o be_v more_o grievous_o punish_v than_o that_o of_o a_o englishman_n unless_o the_o englescherie_n of_o he_o that_o be_v kill_v can_v be_v make_v out_o before_o the_o king_n justice_n that_o be_v that_o he_o be_v a_o englishman_n as_o bracton_n have_v particular_o show_v we_o but_o i_o shall_v reserve_v the_o speak_v further_o of_o this_o law_n to_o the_o next_o volume_n mlxvi_o the_o seventeen_o declare_v the_o office_n of_o a_o king_n in_o these_o word_n the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o vicegerent_n of_o the_o supreme_a king_n be_v appoint_v to_o this_o very_a end_n that_o he_o may_v govern_v and_o defend_v his_o earthly_a kingdom_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n shall_v reverence_v his_o holy_a church_n and_o extirpate_v evil_a doer_n out_o of_o it_o which_o unless_o he_o shall_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v remain_v to_o he_o but_o he_o shall_v utter_o lose_v it_o as_o pope_n john_n witness_n then_o follow_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o opinion_n of_o pope_n john_n viz._n his_o have_v give_v it_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o letter_n which_o pepin_n and_o charles_n his_o son_n write_v concern_v a_o foolish_a king_n of_o france_n whether_o they_o shall_v still_o continue_v he_o on_o the_o throne_n or_o not_o which_o be_v no_o material_a part_n of_o the_o law_n i_o omit_v and_o then_o there_o be_v somewhat_o concern_v baron_n which_o have_v court_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o in_o these_o word_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v sac_n soc_n thol_n team_n and_o infangâ—heof_n shall_v have_v their_o knight_n servants_z and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o dependent_n under_o their_o friburg_n that_o be_v shall_v either_o have_v they_o forth_o come_v or_o else_o shall_v answer_v for_o they_o that_o if_o they_o shall_v forfeit_v to_o any_o one_o and_o a_o complaint_n be_v make_v by_o the_o neighbour_n against_o they_o they_o must_v bring_v they_o forth_o to_o have_v justice_n do_v they_o in_o their_o own_o court_n the_o eighteen_o nineteen_o twenty_o and_o one_o and_o twenty_o be_v explanation_n of_o the_o saxon_a term_n in_o the_o abovementioned_a law_n which_o be_v explain_v already_o in_o the_o introduction_n i_o thither_o refer_v you_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o declare_v all_o jew_n that_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o none_o of_o they_o can_v put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o any_o great_a man_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n for_o that_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o that_o be_v there_o be_v the_o king_n be_v by_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o king_n edward_n forbid_v all_o usurer_n to_o continue_v in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o if_o any_o one_o be_v convict_v that_o he_o exact_v usury_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o outlaw_v after_o which_o follow_v in_o mr._n lambard_n copy_n another_o law_n declare_v the_o king_n power_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a dignity_n to_o pardon_v life_n and_o loss_n of_o member_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o malefactor_n make_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o he_o have_v injure_v according_a to_o his_o power_n and_o beside_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o be_v to_o be_v banish_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o prerogative_n of_o pardon_v in_o the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v or_o his_o kindred_n to_o who_o a_o appeal_n be_v hereby_o reserve_v concern_v which_o the_o nineteen_o in_o like_a manner_n declare_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n to_o be_v such_o that_o the_o king_n may_v set_v at_o liberty_n any_o captive_a or_o prisoner_n whenever_o he_o come_v in_o any_o city_n borough_n castle_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o he_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o way_n by_o his_o mere_a word_n or_o command_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o be_v thus_o set_v at_o liberty_n bind_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o injure_a party_n but_o a_o murderer_n traitor_n or_o one_o guilty_a of_o such_o like_a crime_n although_o the_o king_n shall_v pardon_v he_o as_o to_o life_n and_o member_n according_a to_o law_n he_o shall_v in_o no_o wise_a stay_n in_o the_o country_n but_o shall_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v depart_v to_o the_o sea-coast_n within_o a_o state_v time_n set_v he_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o pass_v over_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v get_v opportunity_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o wind_n and_o in_o case_n any_o such_o prove_v perjure_v and_o shall_v stay_v in_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o time_n any_o one_o that_o meet_v they_o mlxvi_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o i._n e._n take_v away_o their_o life_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n for_o abjure_v the_o realm_n for_o such_o great_a offence_n to_o which_o the_o king_n pardon_n do_v not_o then_o absolute_o extend_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o law_n which_o only_o recite_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o harbour_v or_o favour_v such_o malefactor_n i_o omit_v the_o twenty_o seven_o article_n give_v leave_v to_o harbour_v a_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n who_o in_o english_a they_o term_v couth_a or_o uncouth_a that_o be_v know_v or_o unknown_a as_o a_o guest_n for_o two_o night_n in_o which_o space_n if_o he_o transgress_v he_o that_o harbour_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v answerable_a for_o he_o but_o if_o any_o one_o be_v injure_v and_o complaint_n be_v make_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o he_o that_o lodge_v he_o he_o shall_v with_o two_o honest_a neighbour_n by_o oath_n purge_v himself_o as_o to_o the_o advice_n and_o fact_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v make_v satisfaction_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o after_o the_o three_o night_n the_o law_n then_o be_v such_o that_o this_o stranger_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o family_n and_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o he_o if_o he_o transgress_v the_o twenty_o eight_o appoint_v how_o money_n or_o cattle_n bring_v into_o a_o town_n and_o say_v by_o he_o who_o bring_v they_o that_o they_o be_v find_v shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o and_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o they_o the_o thirty_o enjoin_v that_o those_o who_o have_v the_o king_n peace_n either_o by_o his_o hand_n or_o letter_n shall_v take_v care_v not_o to_o injure_v other_o under_o a_o double_a penalty_n the_o thirty_o first_o declare_v the_o particular_a mulct_n or_o penalty_n of_o those_o who_o shall_v violate_v the_o king_n peace_n abovementioned_a and_o especial_o that_o of_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o his_o coronation_n or_o of_o any_o of_o the_o feast_n aforesaid_a and_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o forfeiture_n arise_v from_o thence_o how_o much_o the_o king_n and_o how_o much_o the_o earl_n and_o how_o much_o the_o dean_n or_o the_o bishop_n in_o who_o
jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n voel_n and_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n and_o the_o dane_n l._n 5._o p._n 349_o 350._o l._n 6._o p._n 6_o 7_o 16_o 20_o 21_o 22_o 23_o 26_o 27_o 53_o 64._o the_o irish-scot_n invade_v it_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o howel_n and_o meredyth_n l._n 6._o p._n 56._o be_v molest_v by_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n who_o have_v flee_v into_o ireland_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o life_n id._n p._n 70._o so_o infest_a by_o the_o danish_a pirate_n that_o the_o seacoast_n be_v almost_o desert_v id._n p._n 74._o sparhafock_n a_o monk_n of_o st._n edmundsbury_n make_v abbot_n of_o abandune_n and_o afterward_o bishop_n of_o london_n upon_o the_o translation_n of_o robbyrd_n to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n l._n 6._o p._n 74_o 75._o but_o the_o archbishop_n refuse_v to_o consecrate_v he_o though_o he_o come_v to_o he_o with_o the_o king_n letter_n and_o seal_n because_o the_o pope_n have_v forbid_v he_o however_o he_o hold_v his_o bishopric_n id._n p._n 76._o sometime_o after_o be_v depose_v from_o it_o id._n p._n 78._o spot_n wulfric_n a_o courtier_n build_v the_o monastery_n of_o burton_n in_o staffordshire_n with_o his_o own_o paternal_a inheritance_n and_o get_v king_n ethelred_n to_o confirm_v it_o l._n 6._o p._n 31._o stamford_n a_o castle_n command_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a to_o be_v build_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n weland_n l._n 5._o p._n 323._o standing-army_n no_o war_n possible_o to_o be_v maintain_v long_o either_o at_o home_n or_o abroad_o without_o one_o l._n 6._o p._n 33._o stanmore_n battle_n in_o westmoreland_n between_o marius_n the_o british_a king_n and_o the_o caledonian_n l._n 2._o p._n 66._o steal_v vid._n theft_n stephanus_n the_o pope_n succeed_v leo_n and_o the_o next_o year_n die_v l._n 5._o p._n 251._o another_o of_o this_o name_n abbot_n of_o mountcassin_n be_v consecrate_v pope_n in_o the_o room_n of_o victor_n l._n 6._o p._n 87._o decease_v the_o next_o year_n and_o who_o succeed_v he_o id._n p._n 88_o stigand_n cnute_n chaplain_n have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ashdown_n which_o the_o king_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v there_o commit_v to_o he_o l._n 6._o p._n 51._o be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o the_o east-angle_n i._n e._n helmham_n id._n p._n 71_o 73._o receive_v again_o his_o bishopric_n from_o which_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o simoniacal_a practice_n of_o bishop_n grymkitel_n he_o have_v be_v before_o deprive_v id._n p._n 72._o and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o alfwin_n be_v promote_v to_o the_o see_v of_o winchester_n id._n p._n 73._o at_o last_o be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n id._n p._n 81._o have_v the_o pall_n send_v he_o by_o pope_n benedict_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n his_o character_n of_o he_o he_o consecrate_v aegelric_n a_o monk_n of_o christ-church_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n and_o syward_a the_o abbot_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n id._n p._n 88_o stilico_n governor_n to_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n during_o his_o minority_n his_o character_n l._n 2._o p._n 97._o by_o a_o legion_n sufficient_o furnish_v with_o arm_n dispatch_v to_o britain_n deliver_v the_o inhabitant_n both_o from_o spoil_n and_o inevitable_a captivity_n id._n p._n 99_o 104_o 105._o be_v kill_v by_o the_o army_n when_o bassus_n and_o philippus_n be_v consul_n id._n p._n 104._o stone_n in_o staffordshire_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n l._n 4._o p._n 195._o stonehenge_n here_o aurelius_n ambrose_n be_v crown_v and_o not_o long_o after_o bury_v l._n 3._o p._n 131._o be_v call_v mons_fw-la ambrosij_fw-la say_v to_o be_v the_o monument_n of_o ambrose_n and_o think_v by_o the_o latter_a antiquary_n to_o be_v found_v by_o he_o ibid._n straetcluyd_v the_o colony_n erect_v by_o the_o britain_n l._n 5._o p._n 344._o stranger_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o land_v the_o merchant_n be_v to_o declare_v their_o number_n and_o bring_v they_o before_o the_o king_n officer_n in_o folcmote_a l._n 5._o p._n 294._o the_o law_n against_o buy_v and_o receive_v stranger_n cattle_n id._n p._n 346._o a_o law_n to_o harbour_v they_o for_o two_o night_n as_o guest_n but_o no_o long_o so_o l._n 6._o p._n 103._o strathern_a the_o scotish_n writer_n will_v needs_o have_v this_o province_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n jerne_n l._n 2._o p._n 98._o streanshale_v monastery_n found_v by_o hilda_n l._n 4._o p._n 188._o be_v now_o whitby_n in_o yorkshire_n id._n p._n 189._o striker_n in_o open_a court_n before_o the_o king_n ealdorman_n their_o punishment_n l._n 5._o p._n 295._o stufe_n and_o withgar_n nephew_n to_o king_n cerdic_n fight_v against_o the_o britain_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n l._n 3._o p._n 135._o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n how_o settle_v between_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n l._n 1._o p._n 4_o 5._o the_o britain_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o right_n the_o elder_a brother_n have_v to_o command_v all_o the_o rest_n not_o even_o after_o they_o become_v christian_n id._n p._n 17._o suetonius_n paulinus_n in_o his_o time_n the_o roman_n receive_v a_o great_a blow_n in_o britain_n and_o the_o account_n of_o it_o l._n 2._o p._n 46_o 47_o 48._o afterward_o he_o gain_v a_o mighty_a victory_n over_o boadicia_n and_o they_o id._n p._n 49_o 50._o carry_v it_o too_o haughty_o towards_o those_o that_o submit_v id._n p._n 50_o 51._o be_v succeed_v by_o petronius_n turpilianus_n id._n p._n 51._o sunday_n vid._n lord's-day_n supposititious_a birth_n say_v to_o be_v put_v upon_o king_n cnute_n viz._n the_o son_n of_o a_o shoemaker_n then_o new_o bear_v by_o aelgiva_n one_o of_o his_o wife_n l._n 6._o p._n 61._o suretyship_n concern_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n be_v and_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n what_o fine_a be_v to_o be_v pay_v upon_o it_o by_o alfred_n law_n l._n 5._o p._n 295._o every_o one_o to_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n l._n 6._o p._n 14._o every_o lord_n to_o be_v surety_n for_o the_o appearance_n of_o every_o person_n in_o his_o family_n id._n p._n 42._o whosoever_o refuse_v to_o give_v it_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n id._n p._n 42_o 43._o for_o the_o dane_n that_o stay_v in_o england_n to_o enjoy_v in_o all_o thing_n perfect_a peace_n id._n p._n 101._o sutbury_n in_o suffolk_n ancient_o call_v southburg_n where_o bishop_n alfwin_n decease_v l._n 4._o p._n 242._o small_a a_o river_n but_o where_o be_v not_o mention_v l._n 4._o p._n 174._o swanawic_n now_o swanwick_n in_o hampshire_n near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o dane_n lose_v 120_o of_o their_o ship_n in_o a_o violent_a storm_n as_o they_o be_v go_v towards_o exmouth_n l._n 5._o p._n 278._o swebryht_o king_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a his_o death_n l._n 4._o p._n 223._o sweden_n ancient_o call_v scandinovia_n l._n 1._o p._n 4._o and_o gothia_n id._n p._n 5._o swede_n and_o dane_n call_v norman_n by_o the_o french_a historian_n a_o account_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o the_o deity_n they_o worship_v l._n 5._o p._n 256._o sweyn_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n the_o dane_n slay_v edwal_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n in_o battle_n and_o destroy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n he_o and_o anlaff_n besieges_fw-fr london_n endeavour_v to_o burn_v it_o but_o be_v force_v to_o march_v off_o the_o ravage_n and_o murder_v they_o commit_v in_o essex_n kent_z and_o sussex_n etc._n etc._n l._n 6._o p._n 25._o oust_v his_o father_n both_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o life_n be_v afterward_o expel_v himself_o and_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o without_o relief_n but_o plague_v england_n after_o this_o all_o he_o can_v for_o refuse_v to_o receive_v he_o id._n p._n 26._o sweyn_n king_n of_o denmark_n receive_v news_n of_o the_o massacre_n of_o his_o countryman_n in_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o great_a council_n come_v with_o three_o hundred_o sail_n of_o great_a ship_n and_o revenge_n this_o barbarous_a piece_n of_o treachery_n l._n 6._o p._n 30_o 31._o his_o frequent_a return_v home_o and_o incursion_n and_o ravages_n here_o id._n p._n 32_o 37_o 38._o his_o return_n into_o england_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n id._n p._n 37._o his_o decease_n and_o the_o monk_n relation_n of_o the_o suddenness_n of_o it_o id._n p._n 38_o 39_o 40._o sweyn_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n cnute_n he_o appoint_v before_o his_o death_n to_o be_v king_n of_o norway_n l._n 6._o p._n 56._o be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o harold_n surname_v hairfax_n but_o he_o recover_v it_o again_o id._n p._n 74._o sweyn_n earl_n son_n of_o godwin_n go_v over_o to_o baldwin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o stay_v there_o all_o winter_n be_v in_o disgrace_n at_o court_n for_o deflower_v a_o abbess_n l._n 6._o p._n 73_o 74._o make_v a_o league_n with_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o king_n promise_n to_o he_o how_o he_o decoy_n his_o cousin_n beorne_v on_o shipboard_n and_o cause_v he_o afterward_o
of_o the_o northern_a britain_n dcclvii_o this_o year_n eadbert_n king_n of_o the_o northumber_n be_v shear_v a_o monk_n and_o ofwulf_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o yet_o reign_v but_o one_o year_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o own_o servant_n on_o the_o 9th_o of_o the_o kal._n august_n follow_v tho'_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n as_o i_o can_v find_v concern_v this_o eadbert_n simeon_n of_o durham_n in_o his_o history_n of_o that_o church_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v 21_o year_n and_o rule_v his_o kingdom_n with_o great_a wisdom_n and_o courage_n so_o that_o all_o his_o adversary_n be_v either_o overcome_v by_o force_n or_o else_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o the_o english_a pictish_a and_o scotish_n king_n not_o only_o maintain_v peace_n and_o friendship_n with_o he_o but_o rejoice_v to_o do_v he_o honour_n so_o that_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o grandeur_n spread_v as_o far_o as_o france_n king_n pipin_n not_o only_o make_v a_o league_n with_o he_o but_o send_v he_o great_a present_n and_o the_o king_n his_o neighbour_n when_o he_o be_v about_o to_o resign_v the_o crown_n have_v he_o in_o that_o esteem_n that_o they_o offer_v he_o part_v of_o their_o own_o dominion_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v not_o lay_v down_o his_o charge_n but_o he_o refuse_v it_o and_o resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o usulf_n his_o son_n also_o about_o this_o time_n according_a to_o the_o british_a chronicle_n there_o be_v a_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o hereford_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o saxon_n where_o dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n be_v slay_v but_o they_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o who_o obtain_v the_o victory_n dcclviii_o this_o year_n cathbert_n arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n decease_a have_v fate_n archbishop_n 18_o year_n also_o according_a to_o florence_n about_o this_o time_n swithr_v reign_v over_o the_o east_n and_o osmund_n over_o the_o south_n saxon_n as_o also_o beorne_n be_v king_n over_o the_o east_n angle_n dcclix_o this_o year_n bregowin_n be_v consecrate_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n and_o ethelwold_n surname_v moll_n begin_v to_o reign_v over_o the_o northumber_n and_o at_o last_o resign_v the_o crown_n dcclx_o '_o ethelbryght_n king_n of_o kent_n decease_v he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o king_n wither_a of_o this_o king_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n record_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o that_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n be_v burn_v in_o his_o reign_n ceolwulf_n also_o late_a king_n of_o northumberland_n depart_v this_o life_n the_o same_o year_n die_v a_o monk_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o lindisfarne_n but_o simeon_n of_o durham_n prolong_v his_o life_n 4_o year_n long_o dcclxi_o this_o year_n be_v a_o very_a sharp_a winter_n and_o ethelwald_n moll_n king_n of_o northumberland_n slay_v duke_n oswin_n at_o edwinsclife_n on_o the_o eight_o of_o the_o ides_n of_o august_n but_o tho'_o who_o this_o duke_n be_v our_o annal_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o yet_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o roger_n of_o hoveden_n relate_v he_o be_v one_o of_o those_o great_a northumbrian_n lord_n that_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n who_o gain_v the_o victory_n over_o he_o and_o those_o rebel_n that_o take_v his_o part_n dcclxii_o '_o this_o year_n decease_v bergowine_n the_o archbishop_n abovementioned_a but_o if_o he_o sit_v 4_o year_n as_o these_o annal_n affirm_v he_o can_v not_o have_v die_v till_o the_o year_n follow_v in_o which_o also_o dcclxiii_o janbryht_v who_o be_v also_o call_v lambert_n be_v now_o consecrate_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n about_o 40_o day_n after_o christmas_n also_o frithwald_n bishop_n of_o witherne_a die_v on_o the_o nones_n of_o may_n he_o have_v be_v consecrate_a in_o york_n on_o the_o 18_o kalend_n of_o september_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ceolwulf_n and_o sit_v bishop_n 29_o year_n and_o then_o piyhtwin_n or_o pechtwin_n be_v consecrate_a bishop_n of_o witerne_n at_o aelfet_n on_o the_o 16_o kal._n of_o august_n '_o janbryht_n the_o archbishop_n dcclxiv_o receive_v his_o pall_n this_o be_v as_o florence_n of_o worcester_n inform_v we_o from_o pope_n paul_n i._n '_o this_o year_n also_o as_o simeon_n of_o durham_n relate_v there_o be_v much_o mischief_n do_v by_o fire_n at_o london_n winchester_n and_o other_o place_n '_o alhred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n begin_v to_o reign_v dcclxv_o and_o reign_v eight_o year_n ethelwold_n moll_n have_v now_o by_o death_n quit_v that_o kingdom_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o be_v give_v we_o more_o perfect_o by_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n viz._n that_o ethelwold_n lose_v the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n at_o winchan-hea_a 1_o o_o kal._n november_n be_v murder_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o this_o albred_a who_o succeed_v he_o and_o be_v also_o of_o the_o race_n of_o ida_n be_v his_o great_a nephew_n the_o same_o year_n also_o according_a to_o i._n william_n of_o malmesbury_n offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n envy_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n do_v by_o most_o noble_a present_n make_v to_o the_o pope_n obtain_v a_o pall_n for_o the_o see_v of_o lichfield_n that_o be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o future_a a_o archbishopric_n and_o that_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n and_o the_o east_n angle_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o it_o and_o this_o he_o not_o only_o gain_v notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n and_o remonstrance_n of_o archbishop_n jambert_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o also_o bereave_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o canterbury_n of_o all_o its_o land_n which_o lie_v within_o the_o mercian_n territory_n which_o injustice_n continue_v during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o king_n offa_n till_o kenulph_n his_o successor_n by_o the_o intercession_n of_o eanbald_n than_o archbishop_n of_o york_n restore_v the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n to_o its_o ancient_a right_n this_o year_n decease_v egbert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n dcclxvi_o 13_o o_z kal._n sept._n who_o sit_v bishop_n 36_o year_n this_o be_v he_o who_o be_v base_a brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o regain_v the_o pall_n to_o his_o see_n after_o it_o have_v be_v without_o it_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o paulinus_n he_o also_o build_v a_o noble_a library_n at_o york_n which_o be_v then_o count_v one_o of_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n for_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n relate_v that_o alcuin_n the_o great_a scholar_n of_o his_o time_n once_o tell_v the_o emperor_n charles_n that_o if_o he_o will_v give_v he_o such_o book_n of_o exquisite_a learning_n as_o he_o have_v in_o his_o own_o country_n by_o the_o pious_a industry_n of_o his_o master_n archbishop_n eghert_n than_o he_o will_v instruct_v and_o send_v he_o back_o some_o young_a man_n who_o shall_v carry_v over_o the_o choice_a flower_n of_o the_o english_a learning_n into_o france_n according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n albert_n be_v now_o ordain_v archbishop_n of_o york_n dcclxvii_o '_o eadbert_n the_o son_n of_o eatta_n decease_v on_o 14_o o_fw-mi kal._n september_n this_o eadbert_n have_v be_v former_o king_n of_o northumberland_n dcclxviii_o and_o according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n die_v 10_o year_n after_o his_o take_v the_o habit_n of_o a_o monk_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n also_o this_o year_n as_o the_o welsh_a chronicle_n acquaint_v we_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o flbodius_n that_o learned_a and_o pious_a bishop_n of_o north_n wales_n it_o be_v decree_v in_o a_o general_n synod_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n that_o easter_n shall_v be_v keep_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o all_o difference_n between_o that_o church_n and_o the_o british_a now_o cease_v '_o charles_n king_n of_o the_o frank_n begin_v his_o reign_n for_o pepin_n dcclxix_o his_o father_n die_v this_o year_n as_o r._n hoveden_n inform_v we_o also_o the_o fair_a city_n of_o cataract_n in_o yorkshire_n be_v burn_v by_o bâ—ornred_n the_o mercian_n tyrant_n and_o he_o also_o perish_v by_o fire_n the_o same_o year_n dcclxxi_o this_o year_n according_a to_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o r._n hoveden_n offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n subdue_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o hesting_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o who_o these_o people_n be_v or_o where_o they_o inhabit_v no_o author_n inform_v we_o mr._n lambert_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v dane_n but_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o here_o since_o the_o dane_n be_v not_o then_o settle_v in_o england_n dcclxxii_o '_o this_o year_n die_v milred_n the_o bishop_n florence_n say_v he_o be_v bishop_n of_o the_o wiccii_n that_o be_v of_o the_o diocese_n of_o worcester_n and_o be_v in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o sanctity_n dcclxxiii_o this_o year_n albert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n receive_v his_o pall_n from_o pope_n adrian_n as_o simeon_n inform_v we_o
dcclxxiv_o this_o year_n the_o northumbrian_n expel_v their_o king_n albred_a from_o york_n about_o easter_n and_o choose_v ethelred_n the_o son_n of_o moll_n once_o king_n for_o their_o lord_n he_o reign_v 4_o year_n of_o which_o transaction_n roger_n hoveden_n give_v we_o this_o particular_a relation_n that_o king_n alhr_v be_v depose_v by_o the_o common-council_n and_o consent_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o forsake_v of_o all_o his_o great_a man_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v first_o to_o the_o city_n of_o bebban_n afterward_o call_v banbarough-castle_n from_o whence_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o cynoth_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n with_o but_o very_o few_o follower_n the_o same_o year_n also_o appear_v a_o red_a cross_n in_o the_o heaven_n after_o sunset_n and_o the_o mercian_n and_o kentish-man_n fight_v at_o ottanford_n now_o otford_n in_o kent_n but_o neither_o the_o saxon_a annal_n nor_o any_o other_o vouchsafe_v to_o tell_v we_o what_o be_v the_o quarrel_n nor_o who_o be_v the_o commander_n on_o either_o side_n nor_o yet_o what_o be_v the_o success_n also_o strange_a serpent_n be_v see_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n mat._n westminster_n place_v this_o prodigy_n two_o year_n after_o and_o say_v they_o seem_v to_o creep_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n dcclxxv_o this_o year_n cynwulf_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n and_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n fight_v at_o binsington_n now_o bensington_n in_o oxfordshire_n but_o offa_n take_v the_o town_n so_o it_o seem_v cynwulf_n have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o here_o follow_v in_o the_o peterburgh_n copy_n another_o relation_n concern_v that_o abbey_n which_o be_v thus_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n offa_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a abbot_n of_o medeshamstead_n call_v beonna_n who_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o his_o monastery_n lease_v out_o to_o cuthbriht_v the_o ealderman_n x_o bonde-land_n that_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o ten_o bondman_n or_o villain_n at_o swinesheafde_a with_o the_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o cuthbriht_n shall_v pay_v the_o abbot_n fifty_o pound_n and_o one_o night_n entertainment_n every_o year_n or_o else_o thirty_o shilling_n in_o money_n and_o that_o after_o his_o death_n the_o land_n shall_v again_o revert_v to_o the_o monastery_n to_o which_o grant_n king_n offa_n king_n egferth_n arch_a bishop_n higebert_n the_o bishop_n ceolwulf_n the_o bishop_n inwona_n with_o beon_n the_o abbot_n and_o many_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a man_n be_v witness_n i_o have_v insert_v this_o passage_n tho'_o it_o do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o civil_a history_n of_o these_o time_n because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o example_n of_o a_o lease_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o these_o king_n be_v present_a which_o be_v then_o necessary_a for_o such_o a_o grant_n also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n offa_n as_o the_o peterburgh_n copy_n relate_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a ealderman_n call_v brordan_n who_o desire_v of_o the_o king_n that_o for_o his_o sake_n he_o will_v free_v a_o certain_a monastery_n of_o he_o call_v wocingas_n because_o he_o intend_v to_o give_v it_o to_o st._n peter_n and_o to_o the_o church_n of_o medeshamsted_n one_o pusa_n be_v then_o abbot_n of_o it_o dcclxxv_o this_o pusa_n succeed_v beonna_n and_o the_o king_n love_v he_o very_o well_o wherefore_o he_o free_v the_o church_n of_o wocingas_n by_o the_o king_n consent_n with_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o all_o other_o man_n consent_n so_o that_o no_o body_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o have_v any_o duty_n or_o tribute_n beside_o st._n peter_n and_o the_o abbot_n this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n town_n call_v freoricburne_n pehtwin_n dcclxxvi_o bishop_n of_o witerne_n call_v in_o latin_a candida_n casa_n decease_v xiii_o kal._n octob._n he_o be_v bishop_n fourteen_o year_n and_o have_v be_v breed_v under_o aldhelm_n that_o pious_a bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o the_o same_o year_n ethelbert_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v at_o york_n xvii_o kal._n junii_fw-la this_o year_n according_a to_o the_o welsh_a chronicle_n the_o south-welshman_n destroy_v great_a part_n of_o mercia_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n as_o also_o the_o summer_n follow_v all_o the_o welshman_n dcclxxvii_o both_o of_o north_n and_o south-wales_n gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n make_v great_a spoil_n by_o burn_v and_o plunder_v the_o country_n whereupon_o king_n offa_n be_v force_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o other_o saxon_a king_n and_o to_o bend_v his_o whole_a force_n against_o the_o welsh_a man_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o strength_n as_o he_o then_o bring_v against_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v all_o the_o plain_a country_n between_o the_o river_n of_o severne_n and_o wye_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o mountain_n whereupon_o offa_n perceive_v this_o seize_v upon_o all_o the_o country_n and_o plant_v saxon_n in_o their_o place_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n cause_v that_o famous_a ditch_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v make_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n betwixt_o his_o kingdom_n and_o wales_n whereby_o he_o may_v the_o better_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o welsh_a hereafter_o this_o ditch_n be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o divers_a place_n and_o be_v call_v welsh_a clawdh_n offa_n i.e._n offa_n ditch_n this_o year_n aethebald_a and_o hearbert_n kill_v three_o chief_a gerif_n or_o governor_n ealdwulf_n the_o son_n of_o bosa_n at_o cyningeselife_o i._n e._n king_n cliff_n dcclxxviii_o and_o cynwulf_n and_o ecga_n at_o helathyrn_n xi_o kal._n aprilis_n then_o alfwold_n take_v the_o kingdom_n aethelred_n be_v expel_v the_o land_n and_o reign_v ten_o year_n but_o h._n huntingdon_n and_o simeon_n of_o durham_n give_v we_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n that_o aethelred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n have_v cause_v three_o of_o his_o noble_n aldwulf_n kinwulf_n and_o ecga_n to_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v by_o two_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n the_o year_n follow_v his_o subject_n rebel_a against_o he_o they_o first_o slay_v aldwulf_n general_n of_o the_o king_n army_n in_o flight_n at_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v as_o they_o also_o do_v the_o two_o other_o commander_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o king_n aethelred_n captain_n be_v all_o slay_v and_o his_o hope_n as_o well_o as_o his_o force_n defeat_v he_o be_v force_v to_o flee_v into_o another_o country_n and_o so_o elfwald_n the_o son_n of_o oswulf_n succeed_v he_o tho'_o not_o without_o civil_a broil_n he_o be_v a_o just_a and_o pious_a prince_n yet_o can_v not_o escape_v the_o hard_a fate_n of_o his_o predecessor_n as_o you_o will_v see_v in_o due_a time_n the_o same_o year_n as_o the_o laudean_a copy_n relate_v king_n charles_n enter_v spain_n and_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n and_o cesar_n augusta_n now_o call_v saragosa_n and_o have_v join_v his_o army_n subdue_v the_o saracen_n and_o receive_v hostage_n from_o they_o and_o then_o return_v by_o narbon_n and_o gascony_n into_o france_n this_o year_n the_o chief_a gerif_n or_o governor_n of_o northumberland_n burn_v beorne_v the_o ealderman_n in_o seletune_n 19_o kal._n januarij_fw-la dcclxxx_o roger_n hoveden_n call_v these_o gerif_n osbald_n and_o aethelheard_n and_o h._n huntingdon_n say_v they_o burn_v this_o ealderman_n or_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n dcclxxx_o because_o he_o be_v more_o rigid_a and_o severe_a than_o in_o reason_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o year_n the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o frank_n fight_v against_o each_o other_o in_o which_o battle_n charles_n king_n of_o the_o frank_n gain_v the_o victory_n have_v waste_v the_o saxon_a territory_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o lay_v they_o to_o his_o own_o dominion_n as_o not_o only_o our_o own_o but_o the_o french_a historian_n relate_v also_o bishop_n aethelheard_v die_v at_o york_n and_o eanbald_n be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o same_o see_v and_o cynebald_a the_o bishop_n resign_v his_o see_n at_o lindisfarne_n and_o alchmuna_n bishop_n of_o hagulstead_n decease_v 7_o the_o id._n sept._n and_o higbert_n be_v consecrate_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o 6_o the_o of_o the_o nones_n of_o octob._n as_o likewise_o higbald_n be_v consecrate_v at_o soccabrig_n to_o be_v bishop_n of_o lindisfarne_n also_o king_n allwold_n send_v to_o rome_n to_o demand_v the_o pall_n for_o eanbald_n archbishop_n of_o york_n this_o year_n werburh_n the_o wife_n of_o king_n ceolred_n late_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n dcclxxxii_o decease_v at_o her_o nunnery_n of_o chester_n where_o she_o be_v abbess_n and_o where_o the_o church_n be_v dedicate_v to_o her_o memory_n also_o cenwulf_n bishop_n of_o lindisfarne_v die_v