her father Don Raymond called Flacade Earle of Tholousa was also made Knight in the company of these two Princes In this ceremonie the King of Leon kissed the king of Castilles hand which was a fore-telling of the pretensions and quarrels which should fall out betwixt these two Realmes The court beeing then at Carrion Castile there was an assembly of Noblemen vassals which did acknowledge the Soueraigntie to take the oath of fealtie vnto the King as it was in auncient time obserued almost euery yeare where they were accustomed to treate of matters of consequence concerning the State and the houses of Princes The Councellors of greatest note to D. Alphonso King of Castille in this assembly Assembly of the Estates euery yeare in Spaine were Don Gonçalo Arch-bishop of Toledo Primate of Spaine the Bishops Don Rodrigo of Calaorra Don Maurice of Burgos Don Arderic of Palence and Don Gonçalo of Segobia Don Iohn of Cuença the Earles Don Pedro de Lara Don Nugno de Lara Don Diego Lope de Haro Lord of Biscay chiefe Standard-bearer of the kingdome Don Rodrigo Guttieres Lord Stuard and Guttiere Rodrigues Chancelor The discontents and secret hatred betwixt the Christian Princes Hatred betwixt fiue christian kings raigning then in Spaine which raigned then in Spaine was great beeing fiue carrying the titles of Kings that is three Alphonsos of Castile Arragon and Leon and two Sanchos one of Nauarre and the other of Portugal The King of Castile presumed to haue superiority ouer the other foure as his vassals notwithstanding any accords which had beene made wherefore hee thought hee might lawfully controule them at his pleasure Some yeares before he had taken from the king of Nauarre the lands lying vpon the riuer of Oja and Bureua beeing the auncient patrimonie of Nauarre which came not to them of Castile by any iust title but by meere vsurpation and violence As for him of Arragon he complained that the King of Castile had neuer kept any thing promised in the League swhich had beene made betwixt them but had made his profit in all warres of the Arragonois bloud and meanes The King of Leon began to find the error which he had committed to haue come to the court of Castille beeing at Carrion and to haue kissed the Kings hand As for Portugal there was neuer any good correspondencie betwixt these Princes and them of Castile since the first Earle Don Henriques so as these vlcers hauing infected the hearts of these Potentates by iealousie enuie and bad councell they mooued the kings of Arragon and Nauarre first of all to make an offensiue and defensiue League for the conclusion whereof the two Princes met at Boria where of mortall enemies they became great friends There it was accorded that the frends enemies of any one of these Princes shold be reputed for such by the other and that they should be bound to assist one another for the defence of their Estates For the obseruation of which accord either of them did pawne for his part the townes and castels following for the King of Nauarre the townes of Valtierra Ablitas Montagu Saint Mary of Vxue and Chastillon of Sanguesse with their forts and for Arragon the townes of Boria Sos Malon Ruesta and Petillas For the guard of these ten places there was chosen by a common consent of the two Kings D. Fernand Ruis d' Açâ—gra a knight borne in Nauarre but remained in Arragon and was Gouernor of Daroca and Calatajub He tooke an oath to both these Kings well and faithfully to keepe those places to de liuer all tenne to him in whose preiudice the treatie had beene broken by the other the which was not only sworne by both kings but also by their eldest sonnes Don Sancho of Nauarre and Don Pedro of Arragon And moreouer it was agreed that whensoeuer Don Fernand 〈◊〉 would discharge himselfe of the gard of those places and forts that foure knights of either partie should be named out of the which number the two kings should either of them choose one into whose hands the forts should be deliuered with the hike oath that is the fiue townes of Nauarre to the knight of Arragon and the fiue of Arragon to the Nauarrois These things thus concluded sworne and signed the Kings departed D. Sancho into Nauarre and Don Alphonso Daroca whereas the articles were againe confirmed and sworne in the presence of the chiefe knights of both kingdomes whereof those of Nauarre were D. Pedro Ladron de Gneuara Inigo Ortis Garcia Almorauid Pedro de Cascante Michel de Leet Lope de Valtierra and Barthelemy de Rada all of the most famous families in Nauarre This League beeing made in the yeare 1190. 1190. was followed by another made betwixt the kings of Arragon and Leon A League against castiâ—â— made by Arragon Leon and Portugal into the which Don Sancho king of Portugall was drawn An assembly being made to that end at Huesca thither came the ambassadors of Leon Portugal with ample authority and instructions whereas a League was made among those Princes like vnto that of Boria capitulating that not any one of them should make warre truce or peace without the consent of the others These allyances made and confirmed with all the oaths and solemnities required did not cause so great a storm as they did threaten for the kings of Leon and Portugall were long quiet without going any annoyance to Castile the kings of Arragon and Nauarre made some attempts but to small effect D. Sancho the 2. King of Portugall the first of that name 24 WHen as Don Sancho came to the Crowne of Portugall Portugal Genealogie of Portugal he was 31. years old foure yeares before he had married Donna Aldoncia or Douce daughter to Don Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone and Regent of Arragon and of Queene Petronilla D. Sancho had by this Ladie Douce nine children whereof there were foure sonnes the eldest was called Don Alphonso and was king after his father hee was borne in his Grandfathers life time the second was D. Fernand who was Earle of Flanders by marrying with the heire of that countrie whose name was Iane daughter to Count Baudwin Emperour of Constantinople the kings third sonne was D. Pedro who was great in Arragon where he married the Earle of Vrgels daughter the fourth sonne dyed young and was called D. Henriques Besides these sonnes he had fiue daughters the eldest whereof was married to Don Alphonso king of Leon the ninth of that name and was called Donna Theresa from whom he was diuorced by reason of consanguinity notwithstanding two daughters and one sonne which they had bad after which diuorce shee liued religiously in Portugal in the Monasterie of Lorban which her father built and indowed with great reuenues for her sake King D. Alphonso who had put her away did afterwards marry Donna Berenguela daughter to the king of Castile who was as neere allyed to him as
himselfe finding the councell not plyable to his affections transferred it to Ferrara and from thence to Horence In this councell of Basill the Fathers beeing assembled they were spectaters of a combate betwixt a gentleman of a Portugal race but borne in Castile called Iohn de Merle and Henry of Rauestan a knight of Bourgondie who fought on foot and the Bourgondian was vanquished The same de Merle had a little before fought a combate on horsebacke with the like happinesse in the cittie of Arras against Peter of Brecemont Lord of Charny in the presence of D. Philip. King Edward hauing finished his fathers funerals and all solemnities oaths reception of fealtie and homage and other accustomed duties at the first comming of Kings hee assembled the Estates of his Realme at S. Iren An. 1434. in the yeare 1434. to consult concerning the gouernement thereof from thence there was an ambassador sent to the councell of Basill which was D. Diego Earle of Oren beeing accompanied with many learned men and Prelates of Portugal and then the warre against the Moores was propounded after the example of Kings his Predecessors It was also held conuenient to continue that which King Iohn had begun in Affricke for the execution whereof he obtained a Croisado from the apostolike Sea of Rome by the meanes of the Earle of Oren who brought the Bull into Portugall The King of Castile also sent many of his Prelates and Diuines to the Councell Castile during the which Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Siguença and Cardinall dyed whose Bishoppricke was giuen to his Nephew carrying the same name who in time came to be Archbishop of Toledo The ambassadors for the king of Castile at this councell were D. Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca D. Iohn de Sylua Lord of Cyfuentes Standard-bearer to the king and Doctor Alphonso of Carthagena Deane of S. Iames and Segobia sonne to D. Pablo Bishop of Burgos which Bishoppricke Don Alphonso obtayned in his life time Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedencie he being preferred to be Patriarke of Aquilea There falling out a great question in the councell betwixt the ambassadors of England and Castile for the precedence this Doctor Don Alphonso of Carthagena did so well defend the preheminence of the crowne of Castile and gaue such pertinent reasons for the dignity and prerogatiue therof as the fathers gaue the precedence to the ambassador of Castile wherein the Doctor was held to haue done great seruice to his countrie of Spaine whereof he himselfe hath made a treatise notwithstanding Raphael Volaterran in his third booke and last chapter sayth That in the time of D. Fernand the 5. this cause was pleaded againe at Rome and ended in fauor of the king of England who had giuen sentence by prouision without any great examination of the cause Returning to the politicke affaires of Castile the King D. Iohn being aduertised that Don Fredrick of Arragon D. Frederick of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile Earle of Luna would haue seized vppon the citty of Seuile he caused him to be apprehended at Medina del campo and to be carried to the Castle of Braçuelos which is neere vnto Olmedo where he ended his dayes and many of his confederates were put to death who for that cause were brought to Medina del campo The warre begun in Granado continued with variable successe for after the taking of Benamaruel by Don Diego of Ribera Lord of Val de Corneja Gouernor of the fronter of Andalusia attempting the towne of Alora hee had beene slaine by the Inhabitants and them that defended it after whose death the King gaue the gouernement to D. Pedro Alfan his sonne a young man but fifteene yeares old Don Roderigo Manriques somwhat to ease this losse tooke the towne of Huescar by scalado and the castle afterwards by â—ight for the recouerie of which place there were enterprises and incounters betwixt the Christians and the Moores all that yeare 1434. in the which dyed D. Iohn of Contreras Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine and to him succeeded D. Iohn of Crezuela brother by the mothers side to the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna About that time the king of Castile gaue vnto the Earle of Armagnac who had alwaies shewed himself his great friend and partizan in the wars against Nauar the towns of Cangas and Tinco with the title of an Earle and there arriued at Madrid ambassadors from Charles the 7. the French king to renew the league betwixt France and Castile to whom the king gaue audience in great state and sitting on a high throne he gaue them a good and friendly answer who after much feasting were sent home well satisfied there they did see a tame lyon lying at the kings feet a thing which is not ordinarie The same yeare dyed D. Henry of Villena Death of Don Henry of Villena the kings vncle son to D. Pedro and nephew or grand-child to D. Alphonso of Arragon who had beene Marquis of Villena and first Constable of Castile a Prince abusing learning wherein he had beene bred giuing himselfe to infamous Magicke arts whereof he had written many treatises the which by the kings commandement and by the censure of Friar Lopes of Barientos then Schoole-master to D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's were for the most part burnt The king beeing in pilgrimage at Guadalupe Defeate of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores D. Guttiere of Soto maior the new Master of Alcantara being entred into the Moores countrie with 800. horse and 400. foot was surprized and compassed in by the Moors in a streight passage so as there hardly escaped an hundred of his whole troupe This crosse shold haue admonished him of the bad office he had done his vncle and the Infant D. Pedro the which although they would couer with a colour of the kings seruice yet was it a plotted treason D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja had bin also in danger if he had not speedily retired from Huelma which hee sought to force hauing failed to take it by scalado for a great number of Moores marched to fight with him and hee had not sufficient forces to resist them Hauing retyred with his men to Taen he entred by Guadix scoured the country and was sharply incountred by the Moores who notwithstanding were vanquished D. Fernand Aluares spoiling two leagues round about Guadix The truce betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon beeing expired in the yeare 1435. there came ambassadors to the court of Castile Arragon from the Queenes of Arragon and Nauar to beseech the king for a propagation of the truce in the absence of their husbands which the king granted them for some moneths the which was the sooner obtained by their sending of D. Iohn de Luna the Constables cousin who gouerned the king his Master These two kings breethren were gone into Italy to poursue the realme of Naples where
on all parts and the beseeged made diuerse braue sallies vpon the enemies D. Pedro who named himselfe King did desire to succour Tortosa but being with his forces on the way he died by poison as it is reported in the City of Granol D. Pedro of Portugal poysoned fiue miles distant from Barcelona King Iohn being aduertized of the death of his enemy did not dissemble the ioy that he felt not the Barcelonois their griefe and sorrow but those of Tortosa were especially greeued for the hope of succor which they expected from him Tortosa yeelded to King Iohn so as being out of hope of helpe and extreamely beaten euery day they yeelded vpon reasonable termes These things were done in Cattalonia at the same time that the Prince Alphonso was proclaimed King of Castile at Auila Castile and King Henry degraded by the confederate Lords vnto whose seruice and readuancement from sundry parts of the Realme diuers Noble men resorted but Don Garcia Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua de Tormes was he that shewed the greatest loue and affection towards him for he brought to his aide one thousand footmen three hundred men at armes and two hundred light horse or genets he dwelt nere to Salamanca The King sent the Earle of Alua and his troupes to Zamora with Iohn Bernandes Galindo who had commaund of the residew of the army he himselfe with the Queene and the Infanta Isabella went to Ledesma where he was sumptuously entertained and feasted by the Duke of Albuquerque for the space of eight daies from whence hauing assembled three hundred men at armes and two hundred genets they accompanied the King to Zamora The Queene and the Infanta Isabell went into Portugall to request aide of the King whereof there was great need but their labour was in vaine At Zamora daily arriued great numbers of souldiars for the Kings seruice The Earle of Transtamara brought thither two hundred men at armes and two hundred genets the Earle of Valencia a hundred men at armes and two hundred genets others brought more or lesse according to their habilities The King sent three hundred Launces to Segobia to accompany the Lady Ioane his supposed daughter to Zamora where with great pompe hee entred the City vnder a canopy and in a Kingly habit In the meane time the Maister of Calatraua D. Pedro Gyron Maister of Calatraua stirsin Andeluzia against the King stirred vp all Andaluzia for the contrary part and drew some by perswations guifts and promises others by theatnings force and violence Hauing done his best but in vaine to enduce D. Iohn de Valençuela to ioyne himselfe with the confederate Lords he tooke him prisoner and would not release him till he had snatched diuers fortresses from him with the which not being satisfied he tooke from him all the places belonging to the priory of Saint Iohn and gaue them to D. Aluaro de Estuniga third sonne to the Earle of Playsance He dispossessed also the Bishop of Iaen the Kings faithful seruant from all that he held notwithstanding that he vsed his goods and houses boldly and familliarly as his guest The Constable of Castile D. Michael Lucas de Irançu D. Pedro de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and his children the Marshall of Castile D. Diego the Commandor de Estepa D. Martin and Martin Alphonso Lord of Alcaudete did oppose themselues against the Maister of Calatraua The intent of the confederate Lords was to goe and beseege Simancas and being gone from Valiodolit for the same purpose with great store of men and munition by the way they tooke Pegnafleur where whilest they were busied the King caused Iohn Fernandes Galindo to enter into Simancas with three hundred horse and not long after the towne beeing inuested by the enemy it was a hard matter to say whether the beseegers or the beseeged were in most feare In the meane space whilest they lay before that towne The Archbishop of Teledo chiefe of the rebels derided the knauish boies and lackies which were within the same did gather themselues together vpon a day and in derision of the league they made an image representing the Archbishop of Toledo which they named the new D. Opas the Apostata in the daies of Count Iulian who brought the Moores into Spaine against King Rodericke then they made one amongest them a Iudge who sitting in a seate commanded the image should bee imprisoned and afterward he pronounced sentence which was that Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo following the steps of the old Bishop Opas the ruine of Spaine for that he had betraied the King his naturall Lord rebelling against him and detayning his money townes and fortresses which he had committed to him was condemned to be drawne vp and downe the streets and publike places of Simancas a trumpet going before who should proclaime that the King did command this iustice to bee done to the traitor Opas as a recompence due for his treacheries and treasons and that then it should bee burned This sentence being pronounced aloud the image was carried forth of the towne accompanied with more then three hundred boies and lacquaies and burned nere to the confederats army and in their sight The Lords of the league perceiuing that they could not take Simancas did raise their seege and brought their forces backe to Valiodolit The Kings army which was assembled at Toro did daily encrease to the which their ioyned the Earle of Medina Celi with fiue hundred Launces the Marquis of Santillana with seuen hundred D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan with two hundred and a great number of footmen diuers others also came thither so that there were reckoned to be foure score thousand footmen and foureteene thousand horse as well men at armes as light horse who were all of them very desirous to fight and to doe the King good seruice who by the aduice of the Lords and captaines of his army caused the campe to dislodge and to aduance towards the enemies the Earle of Alua de Tormes leading the vantguard and the battaile was conducted by D. Pedro Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra The army marching neere to Tordesillas a captaine of the Vantgarde named Garci Mendes of Badajos disbanding with about two hundred horse met neere to Valiodolit with Iohn Carillo a Knight of the Admiralls leading a band of fifty horse whom he fought with vanquished and tooke Iohn Carillo prisoner beeing grieuously hurt who was brought into a Chappel thereby where hee entreated to speake with the King before he died for he felt himselfe wounded to the death The King at the intreaty of his friends came to visit the prisoner whose end drew neere he craued pardon of the King for bearing armes against him and told him that he was come from Valiodolit the same day by the commandement of those that had power ouer him to finde meanes to kill him and he did moreouer reueale to the King sundry other vilde
of Medellin who till then had beene kept vnder the power of the Earle of Cifuentes shee sent her brother Don Francisco of Estuniga accompanied with those of the family of Chaues of Trugillo with a great company of souldiers to make reprisall of these Ladies for certaine prisoners Kinsfolks and friends of the Chaues who were kept by the Countesse of Medellin wherfore Don Francisco hauing ouertaken them at Guadalupa D. Alphonso Ponce who conducted them thought to get the franchise of the Monasterie of Guadalupa where hee was beseeged and the Ladies with those that conducted them and the Monkes of the same place did suffer many outrages notwithstanding that the King thought to remedy the matter by sending thither the Licenciate Don Henriques who could do no good in the end Don Francisco of Estuniga and his people hauing broken vp the gates of the Couent enforced Don Alphonso to yeeld himselfe and to deliuer the Ladies into his hands whom they ledde away with them Now the marriage beeing concluded betwixt Donna Ioane and the Duke of Guienne to the great discontent of diuers Spaniards the King and the Ambassadours went to Segobia Conclusion of the marriage betwixt Charls Duke of Guien and D. Ioane there to receiue Donna Ioane who was at Guadalajara and also to apply to themselues the pardons of the Iubile which the Pope graunted this yeare vnto such as would giue money for them to wit the richer sort foure royals of plate those of the meaner sort three and the meanest of all two the third part whereof was to bee applyed to the sea of Rome and chamber Apostolicke and the other two thirds towards the building of the Cloister of the great Church of the same cittie whereunto the King furnished aboundantly to that which was wanting and gaue vnto it certaine Coapes of cloath of gold The townes of the Infanâ—asgo giuen to the Marquis of Santillana Donna Ioane was in the keeping of the Marquis of Santillana who in recompence of his paynes and cost bestowed about her entertainment receiued in gift from the King the three townes of the Infantasgo namely Alcoçer Valdoliuas and Salmeron the which did belong to the Countesse of Saint Steephen wife to Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena but shee was recompenced foure fold for the King gaue her the towne of Requegna with the rights of the port thereof the Master of Saint Iames father to the Marquis beeing hee that did order and dispose of all matters after his owne pleasure and proâ—ite There arose about the same time a great tumult in Vailliodolit betwixt the old and new Christians the old beeing fauoured and vpheld by Iohn de Biuero a rich Cittizen of the same towne and very affectionate to the seruice of the Princes Don Fernand and Donna Izabella who vppon this occasion came from Duegnas where they remayned to Vailliodolit and were lodged in Iohn de Biuero's house the which did so stirre vp the mutinous people as they came running in armes to force that house the Princes were in danger to haue beene taken if the Bishop of Salamanca who was President of the Chancerie had not suddainly put them out of the towne and caused them to returne to Duegnas The King hauing notice of this tumult came to Vailliodolit confiscated Iohn de Biuero's house and gaue it to the Earle of Benauent with the Captaine-ship of the towne and hauing pacified the people he returned to Segobia where his chiefest and most pleasing aboad was the fortresse of the which place held for a certaine time by the Master of Saint Iames was a little while before yeelded vp vnto him where hee made Andrew de Cabrera Captaine Certaine dayes after the King remooued from Segobia and came to lye in the Monasterie of Paular in the valley of Loçoia bringing with him his wife Queene Ioane D. Ioane her daughter the French Ambassadours and others the Duke of Areualo and Valence the Master of Saint Iames the Earles of Benauent Miranda S. Martha the Arch-bishop of Seuile with many other Lords Knights and Prelates but the Lords of the house of Mendoza did chiefly accompany the Queene and her daughter namely the Marquis of Santillana the Bishop of Siguença the Earles of Tendilla and Crugna and Don Iohn Hurtado the which Lords and Ambassadours beeing by the Kings commandement assembled in an open field vpon the banke of the riuer which runneth thorough the same valley where from all parts of the Countrie great numbers of people of all sorts were gathered together The Licentiate Antonio Nugnes of Cité Rodrigo was commaunded by the king to reade a writing signed with his hand and sealed with his seale contayning in substance that whereas he in times past at the intreatie and request of the great Lords of his kingdome and for to pacifie the troubles and ciuil warres of the same had declared his sister Donna Izabella his heire and successor in the State and royall dignitie of Castile and procured the Lords Prelates and Communalties of the kingdome to sweare vnto her vppon condition that she should be obedient vnto him she notwithstanding reiecting all respect and duty due vnto him who was her king father and elder brother had married her selfe without his knowledge and against his expresse commandement to Don Fernand king of Sicill and Prince of Arragon in regard whereof hee did at that present manifest and declare her to be fallen from all the right which shee might pretend thereunto and did disinherit her disanulling all promises declarations and institutions made vnto her in that behalfe commanding all his subiects that from thence forward they should not acknowledge her for Princesse but obey with a follemne oath his daughter Donna Ioane there present This writing beeing read openly with a loud voice the Cardinall of Albi the French Ambassadour came to the Queene requesting her to affirme by oath whether Donna Ioane were truly the daughter of the king her husband or not whereunto she answered King Henry of Castile his false oath that vndoubtedly she was then he made the like request to the king namely whether he did stedfastly beleeue that Donna Ioane there present were his daughter the which he affirmed saying that he had alwaies reputed and accounted her for his owne naturall daughter euer since shee was borne then presently the Prelates Lords and others which were present at that act came and kissed the Infanta's hands and following the Kings commaundement The Lords of Mendoza refuse to kisse the hands of D. Ioane they tooke the oath of fidelity vnto her after the manner accustomed to the eldest sonnes of the kings of Castile all of them calling her Princesse and heire the Marquis of Santillana the Bishopp of Siguença and his other breethren excepted who excused themselues saying that they had alreadie at another time taken the same oth which was not now needfull to be reiterated After these things the Earle of Bologne hauing
thought themselues sufficiently discharged if they did build any retreate for Monkes and withall they had an assurance that their beginning should not remaine imperfect nor vnprouided of rich reuenues seing that the hearts of Kings and of all men in generall were seasoned with this perswasion that to enrich the Clergie was the true meanes to wipe out all their offences and to bee saued Wherefore all their exhortations councells and other care tended only to this end to entertaine all especially the Nobilitie in this opinion This Bishop according to this kind of doctrine built and erected this Monasterie of Nostra Signora of Irançu and there placed the religious of Cisteaux the Abbot of which place is of great authoritie in Nauarre and hath a voyce in the assembly of the Estates as a chiefe member of the Clergie 11 Returning to the secular affaires of Castile wee finde that this yeare Don Alphonso Castille the Noble made another roade into Nauarre being assisted by Don Celebrun Arch-bishop of Toledo and many other Bishops but to small effect The most renowned among the Knights which serued him were Don Gonçal of Maragnon his Standard-bearer and Don Roderigo Guttieres Lord Steward these were Offices in the court of Castile An. 1177. which were held during the kings pleasure This warre was diuerted by the inuasions which the Moores made into Castile and Arragon Cuenca taken from the Moores in the yeare 1177. Whereupon the two Kings ioyning their forces together beseeged Cuença The place was strong and well manned and hard to be forced wherefore the King of Castile left the king of Arragon there who after many assaults tooke it There they placed and instituted in Episcopall seate changing that of old Valeria by a graunt from Pope Alexander the third After which the Moores of Alarçon doubting they should not be able to defend that place quit it which conquests remained to Castille and this was at the same time when as King Don Alphonso the Noble did remit the Soueraigntie and homage which the King of Arragon did owe to the Crowne of Castille In the yeare 1179. An. 1179. there was a new League made and confirmed betwixt these Princes of Castille and Arragon League against Nauarre to make warre against the king of Nauarre at their common charge and equall conquests according to the which Don Alphonso the Noble did so presse the King Don Sancho alongst the Riuer of Oja as hee tooke from him the places which hee had seazed on during his infancie and recouered Burbiesca Cereso Granon Entrena and Logrogno remaining by this meanes Lord and Master of Rioje and Bureua Rioâ—e and 〈◊〉 taken by the â—astillans from Nauarrâ— the which the kings of Nauarre could neuer after get The losse was made more grieuous by the death of Donna Beacia Queene of Nauarre a Princesse of great vertue who as some write was buried in the Cathedrall church of Pampelone 12. After all this D. Alphonso the Noble came to Burgos to prouide for the necessities of the warre as well against Nauarre as the Moores and hauing need of great sums of money to that end he propounded in a generall assembly of the Estates at Burgos to leauie taxe vpon the people whereunto the Nobility as well as the rest should contribute imposing fiue Marauidis of gold for euery person the which was valued aboue fiue Ducats this counsell was giuen him by Diego Lopes de Haro Nobility of Castile defend their freedoms Lord of Biscay but it tooke no effect for all the Gentlemen of Castile beeing discontented that hee sought to infringe their liberties fell to armes and beeing led by the Earle Don Pedro de Lara they were resolued to defend it with the hazard of their liues Wherefore D. Alphonso changed his opinion and let them vnderstand that from thencefoorth hee would maintaine their immunities and that whatsoeuer he had then propounded was not to continue but onely to supply the present necessitie of this affaires which he would seeke to furnish by some other meanes For the great resolution which D. Pedro de Lara shewed in this action they say that the Nobilitie of Castille did grant to him and to his successors a sollemne breakâ— fast in testimonie of his good indeuour in a businesse of so great consequence and moreouer they affirme that thereby the Lords of Lara haue the first voice for the Nobilitie in the Court of Castil VVhente the Prouerb comâ— in Spaine to reuenge his Nâ—bilitie for 500 solz It is not from these 5. Marauidis of gold that the Prouerbe is growne in Spaine To reuenge or defend their Nobilitie for fiue hundred solz for fiue Marauidis are not fiue hundred solz Wherefore leauing all the fables which some produce to that purpose you must vnderstand that according to the ancient lawes of Castile the iniurie which any one did vnto a Gentleman where they was a ciuill reparation they payed fiue hundred solz for a fyne which were worth foure hundred Marauidis of currant money at those dayes and that which was done to one which was no Gentleman was repayred by three hundred solz which were worth but two hundred and fortie Marauidis wherefore the Prouerbe to reuenge his Nobility for 500. solz is drawne from these ciuill lawes D. Alphonso king of Castile meaning to follow the warre with all vehemencie against the Moores after that he had recouered those places which D. Sancho king of Nauarre had taken from him and the quarrels betwixt him and his vncle Don Fernand king of Leon beeing somewhat reconciled by the mediation of the Noblemen and Prelates of both Realmes and by the meanes of the king of Arragon who sent Don Berenger Bishop of Lerida and D. Raymond of Moncada thither the more to tye the holy Knights vnto him and to haue them readie at need he made Vcles the chiefe seate of the Knights of Saint Iames to whom he gaue the Townes of Mora Ocagne Oreja and other places along the riuer of Tayo He gaue to the Order of Calatraua the townes of Magueda Aceca Cogolludo Surita and others hee peopled the towne of Palence in Vera or rather Playsance and there placed the auncient Episcopall sea hee fortified Toledo and rampared Alarcos in that Diocesse beeing a place of importance vpon a hill on the left hand comming from Almodouar del Campo to Cité reall about Caracuel 13 In the meane time there fell out a great quarrell betwixt Don Fernand king of Leon Portugal and Don Alphonso Henriques King of Portugall by reason of the fort of Cité Roderigo Kings of Leon and castile in quarrell whereas the King of Leon maintained a garrison which did much annoy the Portugals for the souldiers of this place did continually spoile the Portugals countrie without any respect wherefore D. Alphonso Henriques who was now very old sent this sonne D. Sancho with an army against this garrison of the King of Leon and to
the king gaue him many bitter and threatning words Mahumet either for feare or disdaine to haue beene threatened with iniurious words layed a plot with Ozmin who was already much discontented for the death of his sonne whome they had so little spared at the assault of the rocke of Martos and resolued together to kill king Ismael and to place in the royall Seate of Granado a Moore called Mahumet Aben Alhamar or the Vermell who descended from i the first king of Granado and carried the same name saying that the Crowne belonged more rightly to him then to Ismael who was allyed to these kings onely by the Mothers side This king was called to this Councell and they made a new confederacie with Ozmin who should bee readie in Armes with his friends and seruants whilest that Mahumet sonne to the Gouernour of Algezire with his father and another brother should execute the murther vpon the person of king Ismael These things beeing concluded the Conspirators entred into Alhambra of Granado and addressing themselues vnto the king they told him that they had some matters of great importance to impart vnto him desiring him to giue them audience in some retired place the which the king willingly graunted who beeing entred into a gallerie the father and the sonne marching before the king and his brother after with the great Prouost or Constable of Granado whom they called Alguazil Maior the two foremost turned suddenly vppon the king and gaue him two wouds vpon the head The Alguazil seeing this disloyaltie drew his sword to defend his king and fought so valiantly against these two traytors father and sonne as hee made them giue backe vnto the end of the gallerie and to enter into a chamber into the which hee shut them notwithstanding that the brother who was the third murtherer had wounded him behind in foure places who returning afterwards against the king gaue him a mortall wound in the shoulder The Alguazil hauing shut vp the two first came against the third and forced him to enter into an old cabinet into the which he also shut him Ismael king of Granado 〈◊〉 by 〈…〉 Beeing thus freed of the traytors this faithfull seruant came vnto the king whom he found grieuously wounded and almost fainting hauing taken him in his armes and carried him into a chamber in the which were his mother widow to Ferrachen and his wiues where leauing the cure and care of him to them hee went into the pallace Court of Alhambra where as he found many as well of the conspirators as of others which might haue heard the noyse and vnderstood something of the fact to whome hee sayd there was no great danger and that the kings wounds were light and hauing called some vnto him whom he knew faithfull vnto the king he entred with them into those places where as the traytors were shut and cut off their heads then he returned into the chamber where as the king was in the Phisitions and Surgeons hands but there was no more hope of life wherefore going out of Alhambra he met with Ozmin who came running at this noyse well accompanied and asked him of the kings life The Alguazil dissembling the truth answered that all was well intreating him to accompany him to seaze vpon those that were suspected to be of this conspiracie the which Ozmin durst not refuse thus of a traytor he became faithfull by constraint and running through the city of Granado they seazed vpon all the friends and seruants of the murtherer Mahumet and brought them into Alhambra where in the heate they were put to death In the meane time king Ismael breathed his last hauing raigned by force about nine yeares this was in the yeare 1322. and the 705. of the Arabians Mahumet the sixt K. of Granado TO him succeeded his sonne Mahomet the sixt by the meanes and dexteritie of the Prouost or Alquazil who hauing seene the kings death and keeping it as secret as he could he gaue the Noblemen and Knights Granadins to vnderstand that they should shew themselues in armes before the castell to receiue the Kings commandements and namely Ozmin who was not well assured in his conscience but studied what hee should do yet he came well followed The Nobility being assembled the Alguazil being faithfull to the king euen after his death taking the eldest to three sons which he had left in his armes he went out of Alhambra and declared the truth vnto the assembly how the king had benne slaine by the treason of Mahumet and what had followed and presenting the child who was but twelue yeares old vnto the knights hee recommended him vnto them and perswaded them to acknowledge him for their lawfull king Ozmin who was of greatest authority among them was wonderfully perpelxt and wauering in his discourses yet thinking that he should rule this Infant better then any other he was the first that gaue his consent saying Mahumet is our king His voyce was allowed by all that were present and the brute both of Ismaels death and of the election of Mahumet his sonne was dispersed through the town and soone after the new king was led through the streets and shewed vnto the Granadins who were discontended at this sudden change as wel by reason of the King murthered as of the hasty election of his sonne beeing so young yet it held good but notwithstanding that this young Mahumet obtained the Realme by a law full meanes yet his end was miserable being a familiar thing among the Arabians one to spoyle and dispossesse an other by wicked and cruell treasons as a people alwaies void of all good gouernement Such of the conspirators as were not taken fled among the which was Mahumet Aben-Athamar who in time returned to Granado and raigned as we shall hereafter shew What past in Nauarre during the raigne of Philip the Long Nauarre who dyed about the time of these reuolutions in Granado we find not any thing worth the relating only mention is made of a Gouernor for the king in that Realme called Ponce of Morentain whome some terme Lord of Rossillon othes Vicont of Anay of Arnaud of Barbastan Bishop of Pampleona D. Martin of Ayuar Standard-bearer of the Realme D. Iuigo Peres de Rada a Knight D. Iohn Arnaud of Espeleta of the Abbot of Lerin of D. Martin Iuanes of Vrris D. Pedro Ximenes of Mirafuentes D. Garcia Martines of Ollaoqui Diego Martines of Vrris and Martines of Arletta knights who made the Councell of state of that Realme The end of the thirteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FOVRTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 CHarles the Faire first of that name the 28. king of Nauarre troubles in the Realm vnder the Gouernors his marriages 2 Excesse massacres and spoyling of the Iewes in Nauarre 3 Ieanne daughter to Lewis Hutin Queene of Nauarre and in her right Philip of Eureux accounted for the 29. King of Nauarre and the third of that name Articles
sent a solemne Ambassage to the French King to treat of the affaires of their Estates the chiefe Article was to require the French King to giue him certaine Poets of Prouence and Languedoc which did florish in those times in their vulgar tongue not much differing from the Cattelan whom hee receiued as a singular fauour honoured them and assigned them great pensions instituting for the loue of them schooles of their poesies And to fill vp the measure of his imperfections he had no care but to please his wife vnto whom he was wholy vowed and addicted The Generall Estates beeing assembled at Monçon the Deputies nad charge to require the seuerity of the ancient manners and the restoring of martiall discipline and that the honour of armes might bee reuiued wherevnto the King had no inclynation But aboue all Estates require reformation of the King and Queenes houses that the houses and courts of the King and Queene should bee reformed and reduced to the fashion and manner of their ancestors and that some base and vicious persons should be chased away There were certaine Articles presented against D. Carrocia of Villaragut one of the Queens Ladies in whom she wholy trusted and gaue her so great credit with the Kings as the honors offices of the realme were distributed acording to her aduice and will without reason measure or regard of merit The chiefe which sought this reformation were Don Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena D. Iames his brother bishop of Tortoça D. Iames of Prages D. Bernardin of Cabrera Vicont of Lisle and Roa D. Pedro Queralt D. Iohn Bellera and Raymond of Bages against whom their banded some of the Kings Mignons so as all the realme was in combustion and armes but the Kings weakenesse was at that time profitable for it kept them from fighting and hauing graunted a safe conduct to D. Alphonso D. Lopes Ximenes of Vrrea Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea and other their complices they met with Don Martin the Kings brother had conference vpon the reformation and agreed vpon many Articles Amongst others Don Carrocia of Villaragut ws chased from the Queenes court with a prohibition neuer to conuerse with her or any of the Princes or Princesses During these contentions Bernard brother to the Earle of Armaignac entred into Cattelogne Vagabond troupes spoile Cattelogne with an infinit number of souldiars French and English who forraged and spoiled all they incountred Bernard their leader hauing no other reason but that he sought meanes to entertaine the souldiars This danger forced the King to arme and to march against these vagabond troupes whereof some being found scattered and out of order were defeated and the rest forced to repasse into Languedoc The affaires of Sardynia had beene compounded about the time of the death of the King D. Pedro so as the lands held by Marian Iudge of Arborea were restored to Leonara his daughter and Brancaleon of Oria her husband deliuered out of prison and betwixt the King of Arragon and the common weale of Genoua there was such an order set downe as the Siegneury of Genoua might not keepe nor arme any gallies but in the ports of Genoua Sauona Albenga and Porto Venere in the riuer of Genoua and the Ligustike sea and in other seas at Pera Capha Famogosta and Scio Valencia Majorca Monorca Iuiza Caillerij and Alguer so as a peace was entertained in the Island of Sardynia about the yeere of our Lord 1389. when as the marriage was accomplished betwixt D. Martin sonne to the Infant D. Martin duke of Momblanc and Mary daugther to Frederic the third King of Sicile a subiect of new warre Marriage of D. Martin with Mary the heire of Sicile by reason of the factions and partialities which were in that Island amongst the Noblemen some allowing and others disliking this marriage of their Princesse who according vnto some had beene taken out of the castle of Cattane where by the will of the deceased King her father shee was entertained in the gard of Artal of Alagon and conducted as it were by stealth into Cattelogne by them of Clermont The new Kings being come into Sicile with the duke of Momblanc who serued as a Tutor being accompanied by D. Bernard of Cabrera Don Artal of Luna allied to the King and many other Noblemen of Cattelogne Arragon and Valencia and with a good army they were receiued by them that held their party in the towne of Trapani from whence they sought to reduce the factions some by mildnesse and others by rigour The towne of Palermo was yeelded vnto him by the Earle of Modica and there they were crowned from whence they made a progresse so as they were acknowledged throughout the whole Realme yet there were often troubles renued through the naturall lightnesse of that nation This yeere 1389. died Pope Vrbain Portugal residing at Rome in whose place the Cardinalls of his faction did choose Boniface the ninth called before Peter Tomacel a priest Cardinall of the title of Saint Anastasius In the yeere of our Lord 1390. the citie of Lisbone was made an Archbishoprike by him at the request of the King D. Iohn who followed the Pope at Rome Lisbone made an Archbishoprike and not him at Auignon To it ws giuen for Suffragan the bishop of Coimbra for that time and in processe of time the church of Portalegre was made a Bishops seat by Paul the third The same yeere the King of Castile hauing assembled his Estates at Guadalajara Castille being thrust on with a continual desire to be King of Portugal wherevnto he was animated by the Queene Donna Beatrix his wife hee propounded to his councell that hee had resolued in that assembly to giue ouer the Realmes of Castile and Leon to his sonne Don Henry together with his other Lands and Siegneuries except Seuile Cordoua Iaen Murcia Estates of Castile and all the Moores frontiers reseruing also for himselfe the third part of the reuenues of the church granted vnto him by Pope Clement saying that he was aduertised that vpon this renunciation the Portugals would receiue him for their King for they had no other reason to oppose themselues and to reiect him but for that they could not endure to see the realme of Portugal vnited to that of Castile But his councel did aduise him not to doe a thing so dishonourable for himselfe and not profitable for his countrie in quitting his fathers realmes to thinke to get a strange one which was held by a resolute enemy shewing him by reasons and examples that he did hazard the losse of both and to bee a fable to the world for euer Hee did willingly heare and beleeue his councellors and supprest this desire enioyning them silence In this assembly he granted a generall pardon to all those that had offended him during the last warres except the Inhabitants of Tuy who had yeelded to D. Iohn King of Portugal and to his brother D.
Constable for hauing beene propounded in the Councell of the deceased king D. Iohn to take the office of Constable from D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena for certaine reasons being now in diuision with the Councell and not greatly beloued of the young King D. Henry D. Pedro of Castile Earle of Transtamara came to demand this office who had yearly for his dyet and entertaynment 70000. marauidis The Councell did let him vnderstand that the king at the beginning when the Estates assembled at Madrid to gratifie the Marquis D. Alphonso had confirmed him in the dignity and that there were no reason thus to degrade him without some apparent cause the which might be a means to increase the troubles which were but too great wherefore they were of opinion that he shold for that time forbeare and content himselfe with a pension equall to the Constables entertainment the which they promised him in the meane time but they sayd that they must proceede against the Marquis by the course of Iustice for the effecting wherof they would procure the king to cite him to come to Court and if hee did not obey they promised to giue him his Estate D. Pedro ws satisfied with this answer and D. Alphonso Ianes Fajardo Gouernor of Murcia was sent by the King vnto the Constable to cause him to come to court but hee excused himselfe from comming presently promising to be there soone after notwithstanding it was farre from his thought for he had intelligence with the Arch-bishop of Toledo and others of the league who drew men together from all parts to come to the Court in armes to the end they might haue the testament of the deceased king D. Iohn put in execution and chase away the Councell The Arch-bishop of S. Iames the Earle of Transtamara the Masters of S. Iames and Calatraua Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Lord Steward of the kings house others whereof some were named Tutors by the kings will and some not knowing that this was not the cause which drew the Arch-bishop of Toledo but onely a colour pretended by him and his confederates to retire from Court and to take armes they also prouided for their parts and called all their friends to ayde them they drew D. Leonora Queene of Nauar vnto their league binding themselues by oath one vnto another Queene of Nauar intangled in the troubles of Castile and they wrought so as the king Don Henry continued vnto the Queene his Aunt the pensions which the deceased King D. Iohn was wont to giue her with an increase By whose perswasion and others of the Councell he tooke the office of Constable from Don Alphonso of Arragon who had enioyed it nine yeares and gaue it to the Earle of Transtamara who was sonne to D. Frederic Master of Saint Iames and cousin to the king Hereuppon they fell to armes in Castile committing great spoyles robberies and murthers of all sides diuiding the Realmes Prouinces Citties and Townes especially Seuile whereas Don Aluar Perez of Guzman great Admiral of Castile and D. Pedro Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchena Gouernor generall of that cittie held the Concells part and Don Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla and others that of the Kings testament he Arch-bishop of Toledo with the Master of Alcantara were about Auila to whom they of the cittie of Burgos made many protestations offers and prayers in vaine for a peace the like they did to the Duke of Benauent and then they sent vnto the King who was come to Cuellar beseeching him to giue eare vnto a peace and to end the troubles by a conuocation of the Estates the which if he thought good to hold in their cittie they offered to deliuer all their children in hostage for their assurance that should come The King mooued with the loue and willingnesse of them of Burgos sent the Legate and others to the Arch-bishop and his confederates but they answered That when they shold be neere the place where the king ws they would declare their intentions more at large The Duke of Benauent and the Arch-bishop of Toledo were alreadie ioyned with their forces consisting of fifteene hundred men at armes and 3500. foote vnto whome the Queene of Nauarre came intreating them that before matters grew worse they should be satisfied with the resolution of the Estates and whilest that she laboured with the confederates the king went to Vailledolit whither came about sixteen hundred men at arms with some other forces The confederates little regarding the Queene of Nauarre came to lodge at Simancas where as she was more amazed then before and employed all her endeauors to make some accord In the end shee obtayned that there should bee a conference at Perales whereas at diuers times in the presence of the Queene and Legate the parties met and conferred Once among the rest the Arch-bishop beeing demanded by him of Saint Iames if he had any true intent that the deceased kings testament should take place he made him no answer for that the Duke of Benauent who was not named in it was present whom he feared to offend an infalliable argument that priuate respects did moue him more Archb. of Toledo respects not the publike good then any zeale of the publike good or the Kings seruice It was concluded in Perales that the Kings testament should be of force and that the tutors named therein should gouerne and to the end a peace might be the better entertayned and that all emulation and iealousie might cease there were added vnto them Don Frederic duke of Benauent Don Pedro Earle of Transtamara and the Master of Saint Iames and for the better strangthening of this accord the generall Estates were held at Burgos Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Estates at Burgos for a peace Pero Lopes of Ayala Diego Lopes of Estuniga and Iohn Alphonso de la Cerde either of them giuing one of his sonnes in hostage for the assurance of such as should come to Court Thus the Estates were called at Burgos which citie was at great charges for that cause and for the kings seruice But before any proceeding the Councell pretending to bind Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon vnto them being prisoner in the hands of the Master of S. Iames they decreed his deliuerie and procured the king to restore vnto him all the lands which he had enioyed in the Asturia's D. Alphonso the kings vnkle deliuered out of prison There came vnto the assembly at Burgos the king with Queene Catherine his spouse the Infant Don Fernand and his future wife D. Leonora who lodged in the Castle whereof Diego Lopes of Estuniga was captaine The Estates beeign entred into conference there grew a new tumult for some of the Noblemen not satisfied with that which had beene concluded in Perales would haue D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon admitted to councell besides the aboue-named wherewith the Duke of Benauent his brother the Queene of Nauarre nor the Master of Saint
the sport was so dangerous as the King was forced to forbid it for Pedro Porto Carrero a Knight of Torry and Iohn of Salezar lost their liues and others were sore hurt in these incounters This royall feast which had continued many daies being ended the Princes and Noblemen of the court being disperced the Prince D. Henry was conducted to Segobia by D. Iohn de Pacheco his great mignon who through a courtears Ingratitude fortefied the King of Nauarres party and that of the Noblemen confederated to ruine the constable by whom hee had beene aduanced working so as the Prince his maister ioyned with them who reuiuing their old quarrels sent to beseech the King that without any more delay he would cause the constables processe to be made degrading him of the honour and dignity which he held and of the gouernment of the realme The King was much troubled to see new seditions which he thought had beene supprest and wonderfully incensed against his sonne would not make any direct answere to this demaund besides he had still some of his councell which defended the constables cause wherefore in the yeere 1441. the troubles began more violent then before Mary Queene of Castile sister to the King of Nauarre tooke then his part which she had not done before The Infant D. Henry brother to the King of Nauarre being after the marriage returned to Toledo hee fortefied himselfe there and receiued Pero Lopes of Ayala contrary to the Kings commandment where contynuing in his accustomed rebellions he staied the Ambassadors which the King had sent vnto him to perswade him to take a better course yea the King being in person to Saint Lazaro without the walles of the city vpon the way to Madrid onely with thirty horses of his houshold and traine the Infant sallied forth and presented himselfe in battaile vsing threats and proud speeches so as the King was forced to returne speedely There was in his company D. Roderigo of Villandrado Earle of Ribadeo Preuiledges of the Earles of Ribadeo who in this voiage obtained a goodly preuiledge for him and his family which was that the roabe which the Kings of Castile put on the first day of the new yeere should belong to him and that hee should that day eate at the Kings table leauing this preuiledge to his posterity in the King of Castiles court As soone as the King came to Torijos from Saint Lazaro he beganne to proceed against the Infant D. Henry for the detention of his Ambassadors and so he retired to Auila The constable and his brother D. Iohn of Crezuela Archbishop of Toledo against whom all this warre was intended sent to beseech the King to send some of his councell vnto them to the end their might be some order taken for so many incoueniences the which being done they concluded that the King should send vnto the confederate Lords to aduise them to obserue the accord made at Bonille de la Serra and the more to ease the country they should dismisse their souldiars That to determine all quarrels betwixt them and the constable they should choose Iudges who should examine where the fault was and should appoint punishment for them that were found coulpable and that if they thought it fit there should be a generall assembly of the Estates called to that end The Kings offred all these things to the confederats who were for the most part in Areualo but they answered that there was no meanes of pacification if the constable who was newly come to Auila did not dislodge from court The King hearing this answere sought to retire his sonne D. Henry who being councelled by the King of Nauarre and the Queenes of Castile and Nauarre went to Auila where he protested to the King his father that he desired nothing more then to mediate a good peace where after some small stay he returned to Segobia promising that from thence he would write vnto the Queenes touching their meeting at Santa Maria de Nieua there to treat with them of the meanes of an accord In the meane time the King receiued letters from Diego de Valera a wise Knight and of great experience who had seene and frequented the courts of forraine Princes seeking according to the custome of Noblemen of that age honour by armes D. Diego of Valâ—ra giues good aduice vnto the king at Tournaies and combats beginning for pleasure and ending many times with death or some other misfortune yet he had alwaies beene fortunate and had wonne much honour and reputation both in Spaine and else where These letters contained many graue admonitions and proffitable councell both for the King and his Estate Being read in open councell D. Guttiere Gomes of Toledo Archbishop of Toledo without any great consideration stept forward to answere for all the rest Bid D. Diego said he send vs men and money for wee haue not any need of councell The King to gratefie the Prince his sonne gaue vnto him the towne of Guadalajara the which by this meanes he thought to wrest out of the hands of D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buytrago but they made resistance in the taking of possession This hapened at such time as he came to visit the King at Auila or a little before The Queenes and the Prince according vnto that which had beene promised to the King his father met together at Santa Maria de Nieua where D. Iohn de Pacheco was also present they conferred long together about the pacification of the troubles without any great conclusion From thence there was sent vnto Auila Alphonso Telles Giron Lord of Beaumont father to Iohn Pacheco and Doctor Valdenebro a prior that to make matters more easie he should approach to Areualo wherevnto the King would not yeeld wherein hee was ill councelled by some who feared they should loose their credit and authority by the accords which might be made there Matters beeing broken off the confederats sent the Admirall Don Frederike the Earle of Benauent Don Pedro of Quignones and Roderigo Manriques with good numbers of men beyonde the mountaines into the Countrie of Toledo who ranne as farre as Escalona and presented battaile vnto the constable and to the Archbishop his brother who came from Illesca to ioyne with him when as their enemies were retired these Lords of the league returned to Toledo without any blowes whether came some men of authoritie from the King to stay them from fighting At that time the Infant Don Henry at the Earle of Benauents and the Admirals request deliuered the Ambassadors but he did not forbeare to spoile the Constables and the Archbishops countries putting all to fire and sword The Archbishop abandoned Illesca in the night going towards Madrid whereof the Infant Don Henry beeing aduertised he followed him with all speed and hauing onely ouer-taken and spoiled his baggage hee returned and seazed vpon Illesca The Archbishop saued himselfe in Madrid where hee was receiued by the Kings
commandement the Admiral and the Earle of Benauent after these light exploits returned to Areualo About that time Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça one of the Lords of the league hauing surprized the towne of Alcala of Henares Iohn de Carillo Gouernor of Caçorla a Captaine of the Archbishop of Toledos and the Constables faction approched neere vnto the place with fiue hundred horse and one thousand two hundred foote which he laid in ambush in certaine valleys and sent some to runne in view of the towne to draw Don Inigo forth who failed not yet not with such order and strength as he ought wherefore he heâ—d him in in such sort as hauing lost most of his men himselfe being soare hurt hee could hardly recouer Alcala To recompence this losse the Infant Don Henries men did cut some of the Constables troupes in peeces in Grismonda where notwithstanding he lost Laurence d'Aualos his Chamberlaine nephew to the Constable Don Ruy Lopes d'Aualos The Infant hearing this went presently to field marching towards Toledo with sixe hundred horse ouer-running the country of Escalona thinking that the Constable would fight with him but hee stirred not finding himselfe too weake wherevpon hee sent to haue the Archbishop his brother to come and beeing ioyned together they went to charge the Infant at Torrijo who then kept himselfe within his sort and whilest that they spoiled the Country euen vnto the gates of Toledo killing men and carrying away the prey he aduertised the King of Nauarre and the other confederat Lords of his estate who parted presently from Areualo and Ontiueros with one thousand two hundred men at armes and light horse to succour him The King of Castile being much incensed against the confederates resolued to seaze vpon the lands rents and reuenues of the King of Nauarre beginning by Medina del Campo neither did the protestations and threats of the King of Nauarre and his confederates preuaile any thing to whom the King of Castile made no other answer but that they were all in armes contrary to his commandements and carried themselues as rebels Don Alphonso the fift of that name and twelfth King of Portugal DVring these tumults in Castile the realme of Portugal was not without some crosses After the death of King Edwara his sonne Don Alphonso succeeded him at the age of six years Portugal vnder the gouernment of the Queene Donna Leonora according to the Fathers testament but many townes of the realme reiecting the gouernment of a woman especially a stranger they intreated the Infant Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra that as the eldest brother among the Infants of Portugal hee would take vpon him the sole gouernment of the realme Many others more modest who would not altogether breake the will of the deceased King were of opinion that hee should gouerne with the Queene Of the first opinion were the Infants Don Henry Master of Christus and Don Iohn Maister of Saint Ieames Gouernment of a woman cause of contention Don Pedro excusing himselfe of this charge he perswaded Don Iohn to gouerne with the Queene Mother wherewith he should bee well satisfied but Don Iohn answered him freely that it was not for him who was the yongest amongst the brethren to gouerne but that hee Don Pedro and Don Henry should aduise to take the gouernment of the realme vpon them as Princes of Portugal and worthy of such a charge and that they should not suffer a strange woman to rule ouer them being an infamous thing vnworthy of the house of Portugal and preiudiciall to the realme and that they must not regard that which the deceaâ—ed King had ordained if it were found vnreasonable and vniust They that held the party of the widow Queene Donna Leouora were D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos with his sonnes D. Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and D. Fernand Earle of Arrojolos and Marquis of Villauiciosa and with them the Archbishop of Lisbone whose sister D. Constance the Earle D. Alphonso had taken to his second wife D. Nugno de Goys prior of Saint Iohn and D. Alphonso Lord of Cascais who with many others their adherents who aduised the Queene not to giue ouer the gouernment in the which the King her husband had placed her vpon which quarrell the Estates of the realme were called by the Princes and Noblemen holding the chiefe dignities where by the dilligence of the Infant D. Henry there was this order taken That the Queene mother should be gouernesse of her childrens persons and of their reuenues and patrimonies estates and Offices of the Kings house and that the Infant D. Pedro should haue care of the defence of the realme and of armes and D. Fernand Earle of Arroyolos of matters belonging vnto Iustice This did nothing please the Queene being desirous to command alone wherefore the contention being greater then before they made many new assemblies of the Estates so as the last conclusion was that the Infant D. Pedro should gouerne alone the which was instantly required of all men in generall so as the Queene was wholy dispossest of the authority where of she might haue retained a good part Being thus frustrate with extreame griefe she had recourse to womanish practises complaints and accusations as well to the Noblemen of the Realme as to the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon her brethren and in the end she came sorrowfull and discontented to the King of Castile her cousin and brother in law this yeere 1441. to complaine of the Infant D. Pedro and to craue aide against him She found the king at Gomes Naharra a Borrough of Medina del Campo troubled with the quarrels of the King of Nauarre and other Noblemen against the constable so as she could not obtaine any thing It was at such time when as the King of Nauarre Castille and the confederat Lords were gone into the Realme of Toledo to succor the Infant D. Henry who hearing that the King proceeded against them with rigour repast the mountaines and came towards Medina del Campo and Olmedo townes belonging to the King of Nauarre whereof he of Castile had seized Approching neere to Medina and wasting the time in demaunds and answers they of Olmedo receiued the King of Nauarres men whose army encreasing daily he came to lodge within two bow shootes of Medina into the which the constable the Archbishop of Toledo his brother and D. Iohn of Soto Major Maister of Alcantara entred the night following with 1600. horse so as for many daies there were diuerse skirmishes amongst them in the which many good men were slaine and hurt The Queenes of Castile and Portugall sisters and the Prince D. Henry propounded certaine conditions of peace whereon there was long debate without any frute But whilest they were busie intreating and debating of these Articles the King of Nauarre who had Aluaro of Bracamont and Fernando Rejon Knights well affected to his seruice in Medina delt so with them as one
of Castile attempts to deceiue the Barcelonois and king Iohn Ekewise and hope to deale in such sort as the Realme of Nauarre or a great part thereof should by the treaty of peace fall to the crowne of Castile To giue a certaine forme wherevnto they sent word to King Iohn and to the Earle of Foix to send vnto them certaine French captaines of those which were in Cattalogna to conferre about meanes of agreement with the King of Castile and they vsed other practizes to giue the French a distast of that warre seeking their owne profit vnder collour of making an agreement betweene the King of Arragon and his subiects whilest the broiles continued in Cattalogna the Earle of Pallars and the Lord of Cruillas with a great number of souldiars hauing againe beseeged Girona were ouerthrowne and put to flight by Peter of Roquabertin Gouernor of the City The French refused to fight with the Castillians and they lost many of their people with their baggage The French marching towards Morella brought diuers places on the coast of Vrgel vnder the Kings obedience but meeting neere Ixar with the Castillians hauing good meanes to charge them it is said that they gaue them to vnderstand that in regard of the friendship and perpetuall confederacy betweene the Kings of France and Castile they would couch their Launces against the Castillian standard and thereof they excused themselues to the King of Arragon saying that they were so commaunded to doe and therefore besought him to take in good part if they went about to appease the differences betwixt them The King of Arragon fashioning himselfe to their aduice and hauing great hope in the good iudgement of the French king in those businesses hee did consent that one of the French captaines should passe into Castile to the towne of Mountagu where king Henry should meete to conferre with him about fit meanes to compose all those differences the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena brought the king thither vnder collour of hunting and it was agreed vpon that the French king should be entreated to send an Ambassador into Castile to cause the warre to cease The captaine being returned related to the king of Arragon and to his sonne in law the Earle of Foix what hee had concluded with the King of Castile and at their entreaty the French King Lewis the eleuenth sent an Ambassadour to the King of Castile who found the Court at Almaçan and hauing had audience a day was taken for the enterview of the three Kings of France Castile and Arragon vpon the frontiers betweene Fontarabie and Saint Iohn de Luz and in the meane time there was a cessation from armes on all sides the Cattelans were excluded from this accord remayning doubtfull betwixt hope and feare attending the issue of that enterview The King Don Iohn allowing all these things came to Saragossa with intent to meet at the day appointed for the Kings enterview The Earle of Foix the presumptiue heire of Nauarre in the right of his wife went thither being very honourably receiued especially of the Beaumonts faction Now the time of the enterview being come the King of Arragon for diuers reasons could not or would not appeare relying in the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena with the King of Castile and vpon his sonne in law Gaston of Foix who knew very well how to maintaine his honour and to increase his profit with the French King About the end of March in the yeere 1463. the King Don Henry arriued at Saint Sebastians in the Prouince of Guipuscoa and king Lewis came the same time to Bayonne vnto whom were sent as Ambassadours from the king of Castile the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena with Aluar Gomes of Ciudad-reall his principall secretary they hauing so councelled him to the end to treate with him about the agreement and pacification of the troubles betweene the kings of Castile and Arragon The Marquis of Villena becommeth pentionâ—r to the King the vncle and Nephew and betweene the king of Arragon and the Cattelans his subiects It is reported that the Marquis of Villena made an agreement with the French king being by him recompenced with a yeerely pention of twelue thousand crownes Matters beeing then thus handled by them king Lewis as Iudge and arbitrator betweene both parties set downe his sentence in this manner That King Henry of Castile should wholy abstaine from medling in the businesse of the Cattellans that within twenty daies hee should call all his souldiars out of Cattalonia and that for the expences which hee had beene at in the same warre the King of Arragon should giue vnto him the towne of Estella with all the demaines belonging therevnto which is one of the fiue members of the Kingdome of Nauarre with a certaine summe of doublons of gold all which he should be bound to performe within sixe monthes in which meane time Queene Ioane of Arragon should bee held as ostage in the towne of Larraga vnder the safe keeping of the Archbishop of Toledo That the Cattelans should become obedient to their King vnto whom a generall pardon should bee graunted of all that was past for assurance whereof King Iohn should giue them sufficient ostages This sentence hurtfull to the Kingdome of Nauarre odious to the Cattelans and little to the King of Castiles honour was allowed of and receiued by the three Ambassadors aboue named who wrote to King Henry aduising him to set forward with his Court and traine to Fontaraby and at that instant the Marquis of Villena arriued bringing along with him the Earle of Comminges Admirall of France who came from the King his Maister to entreate the King of Castile that they might see one an other vpon French ground the which they had before concluded vpon at Bayonne King Lewis beeing come to Saint Iohn de Luz Enterview of King Lewis the eleuenth and King Henry the fourth of Castile at Endayâ— the two Kings met at the riuer of Vidaso which in that place parteth both the Kingdomes the which riuer as the Spaniards say which all that which the flowing of the sea couers belongs to Spaine King Henry with diuerse great Lords and Knights beeing in diuerse boates did passe the riuer amongst whom were Don Pero Gonçales of Mendoza Bishop of Calaorra Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Gomes of Caceres Maister of Alcantara Don Iohn of Valençuela Prior of Saint Iohns Don Lewis de Acugna Bishop of Burgos Don Bertrand de la Cueua Earle of Ledesma with others verie brauely and richlie appointed The French King and his Courtiers beeing meanly cloathed were by the Spaniards derided and scorned These two great Princes hauing louingly saluted and imbrased one an other vpon the shoare with diuerse kinde speeches and ceremonies vsuall at such times King Henry speaking first they went to a village called Endaya belonging to the French King where in the presence
where by chance they met with the maister of Alcantara and the Earle of Medellin who were going to the King with a thousand horse whom these two run-awaies made beleeue that the King had giuen charge to take them and that he did greatly distrust them and therefore aduised them not to shut them-selues vp in a place from whence they could not escape at their pleasures They knowing the king by many like examples to be apt enough to do such a matter did easily beleeue what the secretary and Gonçalo had told them and at their intreaty they went altogether and ioyned them-selues with their confederats the which did wonderfully trouble the King who had great cause to complaine of the ingratitude of Aluar Gomes de Cité Reall aboue the rest Aluar Gomes perfidious and disloyall to his King because hee had 〈◊〉 him with his greatest secrets and had highly aduanced him hauing giuen him the Lordshippe of Maqueda and enabled him by meanes of his fauour honours and offices to purchase Saint Siluester and Torrâ—son de Velasco and other-waies aduanced him although hee were of no Noble parentage Apprehending then this treason of Aluarâ— hee confiscated all his goods and gaue the towne of Torrejon de Velasco to Pedro Arias de Auiâ—a sonne to Diego of Segobia his high treasorer And afterward made an edict whereby hee declared the deputies and arbitrators The King disanuls the Arbitratots sentence for the peace assembled at Medina del Campo suspect and enemies to his crowne reuoking and declaring their sentence to bee of no force After-that hee came to Segouia and the confederates went to Playsantia carrying with them the Prince Don Alfonso Matters being broken of the Maister of Calatraua went into Andalozia to drawe the Lords of that country into the league In the meane time the Arch-Bishoppe of Toledo and the Admirall the better to assure the king of their fidelity remayned in their houses making no shew of cleauing to any side in those latter tumults and they sayd that they stayd there expecting when the King woâ—ld send for them Now the King the better to oblige them to his seruice had promised to giue vnto the Archbishop la mota of Medina del campo King Henry ill aduised giueth his enemies meanes to war vpon him and the Citty of Auila and to the Admirall the Captenship of Valiodolit and of Val de nebro with a certaine summe of Henries of gould to pay their soldiors to weete the Arch-Bishoppe fourteene hundred Launces and the Admiral eight hundred the which they obtained within few daies after The king hauing left in Segobia with a good and fure guard the Queene his wife with her daughter and the Infanta Donna Isabell hee went to Madrid whether the Arch-Bishop came as it were flying because as hee sayd the Marchiones of Villena had caused him to bee pursued by the commandement of her husband and the other confederates beeing receaued and welcommed by the whole Courte the King the day following held a councell wherein hee complayned of the disobedience and rebellion of the Marquis and his confederats who had made sundry attempts against his person the welfare quiet of his realmes which was wholy diuided in armes was so troubled that without a fit and speedy remedy both he himselfe who was King the Lords Citties and other estates should bee exposed to the appetite of such as gaped after their liuings places and dignities wherefore hee craued aduice what was to bee done in a time so troublesome wherein hee himselfe with his faithfull friends and councellors were ready to fall into extreame daunger The Arch-Bishop as a Prelate of greatest authority who was the mouth of the rest aunswered and gaue the King counsell to demand the Prince Don Alfonso of the confederate Lords saying that hee should liue better according to his dignity beeing with him than in their company seeing that the troubles were encreased by meanes of his deliuery vnto them were as peace and quietnesse was expected and if that they should refuse to send him that then the King should proceed against them by rigor of armes as rebells and guilty of treason This counsell was receyued and allowed of them all and therefore the King went towards Salamanca supposing to take the Rebels vnprouided By the way the Earle of Alua The Earle of Alua forsaking the league 〈◊〉 to the King who was in his house lodged and entertayned the King and his Court very sumptuously and with great magnificence and did sincerely reconcile himselfe vnto him vtterly forsaking the League vnto whome the King promised to forget what was past and great fauours in time to come The fourth day after hee went from thence and came to Salamanca with the Arch-bishop of Toledo the Bishop of Calaorra the Duke of Albuquerque with others of his priuie Councell from which place he did write to the confederate Lords according as he was aduised by the Arch-bishop of Toledo Then did the Arch-bishop sollicite the King to giue vnto him and the Admirall Auila and the other places with the money promised for the leauying and payment of their men at armes the King promised him the places and willed them in the meane time to assemble their forces The Lords of the League who were at Plaisance hauing receyued the Kings commandement answered him that they would serue him no longer and there withall aduised him not to marrie the Infanta Donna Izabella to the King of Portugall without the consent of the three Estates of the Kingdome The letter beeing read diuers told the king that he should well consider the tenour thereof for albeit the Confederates sayd that they would no longer serue him it was euident by the discourse thereof that they did not intend to sequester themselues from the seruice of the Crowne but onely from that of his owne person and that they would for a certaine elect his brother Prince Don Alphonso for their King And moreouer they did aduise him not to trust ouer much to the Arch-bishop of Toledo for they were sufficiently aduertised that the Admirals intent and his was so soone as they could get the castles and places which they demaunded in their owne power to retire then with all their forces to his enemies but the King who was not suspitious but by accident and by nature credulous did for all that giue the Arch-bishop whatsoeuer he demanded Hauing then debated how to beginne this warre the Councell was of opinion and amonst the rest the Arch-bishop that Areuallo should bee beseeged a cittie belonging to the Confederates who before they would loose that place would perhaps come to any honest agreement this being so set downe the Arch-bishop was sent away to gather his forces together with commaundement that he himselfe and the Admirall should with their troupes meete before Areualo in the meane space the Bishop of Calaorra and the Duke of Albuquerque remayned at Salamanca to giue order
of Echauarri Bishop of Pampelona and by his aduise Diego Henriques was sent backe and with him an other of the same coate to intreate King Henry to redeliuer the three townes of La Garde Arcos and Saint Vincent and that Calaorra should be forthwith restored backe and besides that the Earle and the Princesse should aide him with forces from Nauarre against his owne rebels and would in no sort fauor nor aide them This Ambassage deliuered to the King of Castile at Segobia did much content him and he sent backe the licenciat Diego with the Ambassador of Nauarre to accomplish these restitutions so that for assurance of what the Earle and the Princesse should promise they should giue their children D. Iohn and Donna Mary for ostages The two Ambassadors being on their way he of Castile staied at Logrogno and he of Nauarre came to the Earle vnto whom hee gaue account of his charge and according to that which was set downe the Earle and Diego Henriques met since in a certaine place yet they agreed vpon nothing the Earle of Foix being importuned to the contrary by the league of Castile The Castillan Ambassador foreseeing that the Earle ment to beseege Alfaro hee gaue order speedily that a hundred horsemen with store of victuals should enter into the same towne within a while after the Earle being at Tudela he sent for the Castillan Ambassador to the end to treat againe with him about an agreement and he caused the Bishop of Pampelona and Martin de Peralta to deale with him but there was lesse done at this meeting then before for the Bishop vsed many iniurious speeches against King Henry so as all men were ashamed of him but the Ambassador of Castile did carry himselfe so modestly and did refute the Bishops words with such good reasons as in the end he made him to acknowledge his fault and to excuse himselfe In conclusion the end of their disputation was that the Earle would not send his children and that if the King of Castile would not yeeld vp the towne which hee held in Nauarre he would then beseege Alfaro with this resolution the Ambassador departed and in foure daies space that he remained at Alfaro he caused it to be fortified with rampiers and defenses as much as his short stay would giue him leaue from thence he went into Soria and leauied souldiers there for the defence of the same place Alfaro being beseeged and furiously battered by the Earle did hold out notwithstanding that it is scituated betweene Calaorra and Tudela wherein were great garrisons of French-men and Nauarrois so as within the space of twelue daies the succors of Castile appeared consisting of one thousand three hundred horse The Bâ—shop of Pampeloaâ— caâ—seth the townes o'L Garde Saint 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 to remaine vnder the power of Castile and fiue thousand footmen conducted by Alphonso de Areillan Lord de los Cameros by reason whereof the Earle raised his seege and brought backe his people to Tudela and soone after he receiued newes that the Inhabitants of Calaorra had massacred the French Garrison there and returned to the obedience of their Prince King Henry These disorders did greatly displease the Earle the Constable Lord Peter of Peralta and others who laide the whole fault vpon the Bishop of Pampelona who was the cause that the townes of La Garda Saint Vincent and Arcos which of old times belonged to Nauarre haue euer since remained in the power of Castile King Iohn after the victory which his sonne had obtained at Poblin receiued diuerse Inhabitants of the Prouince of Ampurdan which yeelded to him some willingly others for feare And desiring straightly to beseege Ceruera a strong place by nature hee sent thither the troupes of D. Alphonso and those which the Queene held before Valdecona a towne seated within a mile of Tortosa Igualada surprised by meaneâ— of the dâ—scord of the Inhabitants but D. Alphonso before he marched to the campe vnderstanding that the Inhabitants of Igualada were at dissention among themselues some of them cleauing to the new King D. Pedro the others to King Iohn hee drew nere to it and found meanes to take it whilest they were at variance Hauing gotten in he vsed them kindely that held with King Iohn the others hee seuerely punished then he went to Ceruera which was so speedily battred and assailed as in the end it yeelded vpon composition to haue their liues and goods saued and their priuiledges entirely maintained the which was graunted The gouernment of that place was giuen to Iohn de Carraxona then they went to Pratas where the new King D. Pedro had left a garrison he himselfe being retired to Barcelona Pratas was yeelded and Rodona likewise vpon conditions and the army passed on to Tortosa the Prince D. Fernand conducting the formost troupes who beganne to encampe before Amposta hauing with great difficulty passed the riuer Ebro hich was greatly swelled and risen The seege of Amposta was long and difficult winter drawing neere which prooued that yeere so exceeding cold A cold winter beyond the custome of the country as it is reported that wolues came into the soldiars tents and cabanes as though they had beene tame and great numbers of sundry sorts of snakes were found in the fields which did no hurt at all which did greatly amaze the souldiars who held those things for strang prognostications Snakes among the army in the dead of winter so as King Iohn was constrained to comfort and animate his people with orations and friendly speeches wherein a Sicillian Gentleman named Scipio Patello who was wise and eloquent did him good seruice By the great labour of the souldiars and extreame dilligence of the captaines Amposta was taken by force where the King executed some of the principall Inhabitants Amposta takeâ— by King Iohn and pardoned others as namely the Gouernor who with diuers others had taken the castle After this they beseeged Tortosa which the King greatly desired who sent thither D. Alphonso his son to shut in the Inhabitants and to prepare things in readinesse to batter it The townes-men perceiuing it was in good earnest sent forty of their Citizens to the King to perswade him to desist from that enterprize and to assure him that Tortosa would not rebel against him if the other townes of Cattalonia would compound and yeeld therefore they entreated him to go to some other place and to leaue them in peace other-wise he should thinke that if the taking of Amposta cost him so deere that Tortosa which was much stronger and greater would stand him in no lesse The King knowing that the Tortosans were none of the valiantest answered them that if they did not submit themselues to his obedience he would seuerely punish them which they refusing the warre beganne to be very sharpe in euery place about the City with the dayly losse of many on either side the towne was battered with great fury
The appointed day beeing come the Legate came to the place where with great insolencie he was compassed about with aboue three hundred horse of the league which did greatly amaze him for he was none of the stoutest Prelats Presently after Don Iohn de Pacheco The Master of S. Iames contradicts the Popes authoritie ouer the temporal states Master of Saint Iames the Earle of Luna the Bishop of Coria with other Lords of the same faction came in place vnto whome the Legate shewed his faculties and authoritie to do in Spaine what he thought good Wherupon the Master of Saint Iames made him this answer that those which had informed the Pope that hee had any power or authority to dispose of the estate of the Kingdomes of Spaine or Leon had deceyued him for that did belong onely to him and to the other great Lords of the same countrie At this meeting nor yet at another which was made nere to Montejo de la Veja was there any thing concluded on Wherefore hee beganne to proceed against the Confederates by Ecclesiasticall censures Appeale from the Pope to the next generall Councell but the Lords of the League did appeale to the first generall Councell the Licentiate Iohn d' Alcoâ—er and the Doctor Alphonso of Madrigal throwing in their appeales The Legaâ—e perceyuing his labour to bee lost would haue gone backe to Medina but diuers of the Rebells followed after him crying out Wee appeale Insolencie against the Legate we appeale and with great outrages brought him backe to Olmedo the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo and the Master of Saint Iames seeming to bee discontented therewith tooke vppon them to defend him Whilest the Legate was thus handled the Confederates practised how to draw to their side Pedro Arias of Auila and the Bishop Don Iohn of Segobia his brother who beeing alreadie offended with the wrong which the King had offered them whereof wee haue spoken heretofore were easily perswaded thereunto the chiefe doers in this businesse were Lewis de Mesa Pedro Arias his familiar friend Perucho of Munsaras Captaine of the Castle of Segobia Fryar Rodrigo of Mesa Abbot of Parral and brother to Lewis with other Monkes and Church-men who did lay a plotte to deliuer the cittie of Segobia to the Confederate Lords Queene Ioane Donna Izabella with other Ladies and Gentlewomen of great place were lodged in the pallace of the same Citie where they had notice of this practise some of them with great feare beganne to dislodge the Queene withdrew her selfe into the Cathedrall Church The citty of Seigoâ—ia deliuered to the confederate Lords where thinking her selfe not safe enough shee entreated to bee receyued into the Castle with the Dutchesse of Albuquerque and other Ladies but the Infanta Donna Izabella had no will to remooue for beeing incensed against king Henry her brother shee had intelligence with the Prince Don Alphonso and did wholy adhere to the Confederates who entred into the Cittie in armes through a false port of the Bishoppes lodgings and made themselues master thereof without any resistance to the great griefe of the Inhabitants The Lords of the League went directly to the pallace to salute the Infanta who committed her selfe wholly into their hands The king hauing notice hereof departed very melancholy from Medina with such troupes as hee could get about him and marched towards Cuellar where in the mid way the Castle of Iscar was assayled at the intreatie of the Earle of Treuigno in which Castle the Earle of Plaisance kept the Earle of Treuigno's mother in dishonest manner the place beeing taken the Countesse was sent away prisoner by her sonne into his countrie The losse of Segobia did much grieue the the King for his aboade there pleased him aboue all other as well because hee was brought vp there from his infancie The King forsaken of his people as for the wood of Balsain and other places thereabouts fitte for hunting and also in regard of his treasure which lay in the castle thereof and the griefe and feeling of his aduersities did so oppresse him as beeing desperate and almost besides himselfe he was contented to be drawne by the deuices of the Master of Saint Iames to the towne of Coca vnder the promise and assurance of the Archbishoppe of Seuille not telling or making it knowne to any of the Lords or Knights of his trayne and taking but a very few of his houshold seruants with him Wherefore all men beeing discontented with these courses which did manifestly tend to the ruine of the King and of those which did him seruice they with-drew themselues discontented to their owne houses The Kings Officers and houshold seruants seeing themselues forsaken and left in so pittifull and miserable estate were ashamed to tell vnto whome they did belong when they came to any place The Licentiate Diego Henriques the Kings Chronicler hauing obtayned a safe conduct Diego Henriques King Henries Chronicler came to Segobia where hee had a house wherin were diuers goods and papers of great consequence but neuerthelesse he was taken and ill intreated his goods stolen and his writings scattered abroade to the great danger of his person if God had not drawne him out of their hands for the Rebels were greatly mooued against him because that in his written memories and chronicles hee had set downe the truth of their proceedings The king beeing come to Coca they changed the place and their opinion was to conferre at Segobia in the castle of which cittie hee was lodged and entertayned by the Earle of Alua and the Master of Alcantara albeit that Peruchâ— de Munsaras Captaine of the place was not well contented therewith The King and the Master of Saint Iames meeting afterward in the great Church Other agreement betwixt the king and the rebels after diuers reasons on either side it was agreed that the king should consent that the fort of Segobia should remayne vnder the command of the Master of Saint Iames the kings treasures and mooueables to be kept safe and restored to him who should send them to the castle of Madrid the Captaine-ship of which with the keeping of those things the King should graunt to Perucho de Munsaras Moreouer that the Queene should bee giuen in hostage and left in trust with the Arch-bishop of Seuile for sixe moneths within which time the King should be restored to all his former honour and dignitie These articles were afterward performed the treasures transported to Madrid and Queene Ioane was sent to the castle of Alaejos Euill life of Queene Ioanâ— of Castile where holding on the course of life which the King had taught her shee fell in loue with a certaine young man by whome shee had two children which was the cause of many vnworthie outrages as shall bee hereafter declared After this treatie the King beeing in as lamentable an estate as before went vppe and done his kingdome no otherwise than if hee had beene a poore
kill the Earle his father with whom he was offended the child being in no fault at all for he knew not what drugge it was wherefore at his death hee left behind him no lawfull children but diuers bastards as Iobbain who was one of those which were burnt at the Mummery of King Charles the sixt at the banquet of Saint Marceau and Gratian and possibly that Bernard of Foix who was maried into Spaine to Lady Isabel de la Cerde a Princesse of the blood royall of Castile the stem of the house of the Dukes of Medina Celi if he were not sonne to Gaston the second this mans predecessor Then the succession of the Earldome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne fel to Mathew of Castelbon aboue-named who had no children by his wife Ioane daughter to the King of Arragon wherefore his sister Isabell inherited his Lordships who was wife to Archambald de Grailtry Captau de Buch from which mariage issued Iohn the elder the sisteene Earle of Foix Gaston Capdau de Buch from whom descended the Lords of Capdolat and Candale Archambald Lord of Nouailles Peter a friar of Motlas since Bishop of Lescar in the end Cardinall and founder of the Colledge of Foix at Tholousa and Mathew Earle of Comminges Iohn the fifteenth Earle of Foix as hath beene said and first of that name had to his first wife Mary of Nauarre who dying without children he married Ioane de Albret of whom was borne Gaston his successor in the Earledome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne The house of Foix hath beene much ennobled by the deeds of this man for during the wars betwixt the French and the English in the daies of Charles the seuenth this Earle Gaston was he that made proofe of his valor against the English armies which held the Dutchy of Guyenne where he twice tooke Saint Seuer chiefe of Gascony and won Dax by force of armes with great slaughter of Englishmen who did valiantly defend those places he did succor Tartax beseeged seuen monthes by the goueâ—nor of Bourdeaux He restored his vncle Mathew into the Viscounty of Comminges being dispossest by the French King who had installed a Spaniard therein called Roderigo de Villandrada Earle of Ribadeo where he ouerthrew the castle of Rocheford he made means for the liberty of the Earl of Armagnac who was in prison for hauing intelligence with the English and caused his goods and lands to be restored to him Being afterwards made Gouernor of Guyenne by King Charles he made such cruell warre vpon the English as in short time he in a manner dispossest them of all there forces in the same Prouince so as Burdeaux the chiefe city and seat of the warre was constrained to yeeld to the French King in the yeere 1451. and soone after the city of Bayonne so as the English were wholy excluded out of all Guyenne Afterward when the city of Bourdeaux rebelled against the Earle of Clermont Iohn of Bourbon the English being recalled by them albeit they had possest themselues of diuers places were by the valor good conduct chiefly of the Earle Gaston beaten back and repulst Cadillac being the last place that hee tooke from them In all which warres hee was faithfully and dilligently accompanied and aided by his brother Peter de Foix Viscount of Lautier the original of the renouned house of Lautrec faither to Iohn de Lautrec Posthumus from whom did spring Odet de Foix he that was the famous captaine in the warres of Lombardy and Naples Andre de Asperaut and Thomas called L'Escut Henry de Lautrec was sonne to Odet Charles the seuenth did so greatly fauor the Earle Gaston de Foix as he gaue in marriage to his eldest sonne called Gaston like him his daughter Magdalen At the arrainement of the Duke of Alançon at Vandosme by King Lewis the eleuenth he supplied the place of the Earle of Thoiousa in the ranke of the Peers of France the which preeminence hath remained vpon such occasions in the house of Foix the Lordships whereof were by him encreased with the Vicounty of Narbona and with the lands of Capdolat other purchases and in the end with the crowne of Nauarre by his marriage with Donna Leonora of Arragon daughter to King Iohn of whom we now treat of this man issued the posterity which followes Gaston who should haue succeeded him who as we haue said died at Liborne at the tilting which was made at the comming of Charles Duke of Guyenne brother to King Lewis the eleuenth left heires behind him Francis Phoebus and Catherine his children then Iohn Lord of Narbone from whom issued Gaston Viscount of Narbone and since Duke of Nemours who won the battaâ—le of Rauenna where neuerthelesse he died Gencalogie of Nauarre and Germain second wife to Fernand King of Spaine of Gaston and Elenor were borne the third sonne named Peter who was Cardinall and the fourth Iames a valiant Knight who died in the seruice of King Lewis the eleuenth more fiue daughters Mary wife to William Marquis of Montferrat Ioane wife to the Earle of Armagnac Marquâ—ritâ— wife to Frances Duke of Brittaine mother to Queene Anne of France Catherine married to the Earle of Candale who had three children the eldest of whom was Earle of Candall men an Archbishop of Bourdeaux and a daughter called Anne married to the King of Hungary the fifth daughter of Gaston and Elenor was called Elenor who died vnmarried Now let vs returne to the controuersie betweene Gaston de Foix father to these and his father in law King Iohn Couenants betwixt King Iohn and D. Lâ—onora his daughter Hee following the good aduice of his friends and seruants and hauing acquainted the King with his intent by message the King and D. Leonors his daughter met at a day appointed at Olita Gaston being absent in France where they agreed vpon these Articles following First that the townes cities communalties of Nauarre nobility and others of what Estate and condition soeuer should without contradiction acknowledge and obey King Iohn as their King during his life That the Earle Gaston and the Princesse his wife should promise to maintaine the priuiledges lawes and liberties of the Kingdome as they had beene in times past That the three Estates should take the oth of alleageance and doe homage to the Princes the husband and wife and acknowledge them for their naturall King and Queene after the decease of king Iohn notwithstanding any other act to the contrary that the married couple should irreuocably be perpeturall gouernors of the Kingdome during the Kings life their gouernment onely to cease when the King in person should bee in the Realme That neither the King nor the married Princes should ingage the Kingdome in whole nor in part That the three Estates should endeauor that the King and the Princes should accomplish and keepe all that had beene concluded and oppose against them that should infring them The same promise should be made and
the excesse thereof which men call ambition is alwaies accompanied with the greatest vices They were also maintainers of iustice in Spaine the which they executed in such sort as their seuerity did not depriue them of the praise which they deserued by their mildnesse and elemency The plaies and pastimes which King Fernand vsed in his youth were Cardes and Chesse but afterward he became inclined to hunting and hawking to the exercize of armes and he did prooue excellent in all kindes of horsemanship he loued learned men but his euil hap was not to be instructed therein in his youth which was thorough his fathers negligence who was also himself in a maner wholy vnlearned King Fernand did greatly delight to heare learned men talke and to vnderstand of the laudable actions of great men but especially of his ancestors Queene Isabella for her part tooke great pleasure in learning the Latin tongue and proffiâ—ed so well therein as in lesse then a yeere she was able to vnderstand what her selfe did reade or what was spoken vnto her in the same language her continency and chastity was rare and it did appeere in all her actions speeches attire and countenance Shee kept ordinarily in her house young men and women of noble parentage whom shee brought vp and also Ladies of great place who were honoured for their vertue and honesty She would willingly haue had the King her husband like her selfe of whom she was extreamely iealous and if at any time shee perceiued him familliar with any of her Ladies or Gentlewomen she presenty sought meanes to quench those vnlawfull fires yet without scandall either by marrying them sending them away or admonishing them or by some other honest and discreet meanes desyring that the Ladies of her traine should be rather vertuous then faire It is noted of her that in her trauaile of child what paine soeuer she indured shee did neuer fetch one sigh or groane and at that time she would cause her face to be couered Charmes and inchantements she abhorred as became a Christian she did greatly loue learned men who were of good conuersation especially prelats of an holy and religious life doing more good vnto such and sooner preferring them to liuings and dignities then others of greater houses who made more shew of the fame and glory of their ancestors then of their owne vertues These Princes being thus qualified obtained the crowne of Castile and afterwards that of Arragon not without paine trauaile and great oppositions as hereafter shall appeare which being by them surmounted and passed ouer they established iustice gaue peace to the Spaniards quenching all forepassed ciuill warres and did zealously labour about the ordering of religion wherein they wanted good-helpe this at the leastwise redounded to their honour that they did roote the Moores out of Spaine and made conquests in Affrica they did quicken vp the Spaniards spirits and incited them to al excellent artes and sciences ordayning great stipends to learned men namely benefices and Ecclesiasticall reuenewes they made diuerse good and profitable lawes and by their authoritie and meanes the inhabitants of a new world came to the knowledge of those Regions the which hath for all that in diuerse sorts redounded to the hurt of man-kinde not by these Princes occasion but by the couetousnesse and cruelty of those which came after them The Princesse Isabell as hath beene already said was at Segobia at the time hir brother King Henry died whither the Princes and Lords which tooke his part did come after the Kings obsequies were finished which lasted nine dayes and there they saluted her as Queene of Castile and Leon taking the oath of fealty and dooing her homage after the accustomed manner There were present when this was done Don Alphonso Cariâ—â—o d' Acugna Archbishop of Toledo Lords holding the party of the Princes Ferdinand Isabel. D. Pero Gonçall of Mendoça Archbishop of Siuill called Cardinall of Spaine and the Bishop of Siguença Don Pedro de Velasco Constable of Castile Don Alphonso Henriques Admirall of Castile by the death of his father Don Frederick newly deceased and Vnckle by the mothers side to the new King Don Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua Don Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoçca Marquis of Santillana Don Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno and others some of whom were already with the Princesse before the Kings death Prince Ferdinand was at the same time in Cattalonia with his father King Iohn who beeing aduertised of that which hapned came speedily to Segobia where hee in like manner was receiued and acknowledged as King to the great ioy and contentment not onely of the Citty but of the whole kingdome who sent their Deputies vnto him to doe him homage and seruice as to their lawfull Lord and King in the right of his wife it beeing a matter out of all question that Donna Ioane was a bastard borne in adultery and not capable of any right to the Crowne Other Lords which were absent did in like manner send their deputies to make their submissions and to take the oathes due to the new King But the Marquis of Villena who had Donna Ioane in keeping Lords contrary to the Princes taking Donna Ioanes part and Don Aluaro d' Estuniga Duke of Areualo Don Roderigo Tellas Gyron Maister of Calatraua and Don Iohn Gyron Earle of Vregna cousins to the Marquis of Villenâ— with others their confederates and adherents were of another opinion and did not onely fauour Donna Ioane who called her selfe Queene of Castile but craued many things for their owne particular profit The Marquis would haue the Maistership of Saint Iames and the places belonging therevnto which Don Iohn de Pacheco his father had enioyed The Duke of Areualo would haue his Dutchy confirmed to him and the Maistership of Alcantara for Don Iohn d' Estuniga his sonne other men demanded other matters Now the first thing that was thought vpon by the King and Queenes Councell Iustice and treasures the principall members of a state was about the ordering of their treasures and administration of iustice the managing and execution whereof was to be committed to fit persons and capable of such affaires wherefore Don Guttiere de Cardegna the Queenes Chamberlaine and Gonçalo Chacon were created chiefe Treasurers and with them Roderigo de Vllao was ioyned then they sent Ambassadors to Lewis the eleuenth the French King to aduertise him of King Henries death of their promotion and to request him to continue and confirme the ancient alliance with the house of Spaine The Ambassadors had likewise commission and instructions for the restitution of the Earldome of Rossillon to the King of Arragon King Lewis made a shew of sorrow for King Henries death and seemed to reioyce that they had succeeded him but touching the restoring of the County of Rossillon hee would by no meanes hearken therevnto
of them and there died more of them drowned in the riuer who thought to haue escaped by swimming then were slaine by the enemies hands King Alphonso being not succoured by his sonne and perceiuing that resistance without order was to no purpose did retire himselfe to Castro Nugno where hee was receiued by the Gouernor of the same place whose name was Abendagno de Villa-reall in Alaua hauing once lost his royall standard which neuerthelesse was recouered againe thorough the carelesnesse of Don Pedro de Velasco and Pedro Vaca who for want of a good guard suffred the Portugals to take it from them he which did beare it was taken and beeing stripped out of his armor the King and Queene caused it to be hanged vp in the Cathedrall Church of Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings On King Fernands side likewise died a great number of souldiars though vncertaine and the Earle of Alua de Lista pursuing his enemies ouer eagerly and beeing not well followed and seconded by his people was taken at the bridge of Toro The Prince of Portugall made his retreate towards night vpon a little hill and as well as hee could did gather together his disbanded troupes and then retired towardes Toro and if the Spanish captaines had gathered and kept all their forces togither they might as easily haue defeated all as some but diuerse of them were busied in stripping the dead bodies and others in pursuing the runne-awaies who beeing come to the gates of Toro the Earle of Guimaranes who was left there for the guard of the City fearing that the Spaniards who pursued them would haue entred pel mel with them would not open the gates for no intreaty of the Archbishop of Toledo who was the only Spanish Lord that was in that battaile nor yet for the cries lamentations which the poore hurt souldiars did make vntill such time as the Prince Don Iohn arriued with his troupes and then they were all let into the City but they were merueilously troubled when they perceiued that the King was missing but the Earle of Guimaranes beganne to make a most pittifull lamention shedding aboundance of teares and tare the haire from his head and beard and beleeuing for a certaine that hee was either slaine or taken hee did greatly reproach and raile vpon the Portugalls saying that they were traitors to their King and that they had basely and treacherously forsaken him But the Kings comming soone after and newes from him by letters to the Prince his sonne in the meane time did greatly comfort this Earle and all the rest of the army It is reported that after the losse of the battaile the King beeing at Castro Nugno The King of Portugall doth little apprehend the losse of the battaile fell a sleepe as hee sate at meate where at the Gouernor did greatly wonder who in regarde thereof reputed him a carelesse man and said that honourable Knights and souldiars did greatly wronge themselues in aduenturing their liues for such a King and yet this gouernour did still shew himselfe faithfull and constant in his seruice Queene Isabell in the meane time did remayne at Tordfillas who beeing aduertised by the King her husband of his victory shee caused generall processions to bee made giuing thankes to God after the accustomed manner and shee he selfe went bare foote to the Abby of Saint Paule without the towne and as well there as in other Citties belonging to the Queene great signes of ioy were made The seege of the Castle of Zamora did still continew after that without any empediment till Alphonso de Valence the Captaine thereof who was sonne in law to Iohn de Porras obtained his pardon by the intercession of the Cardinall of Spaine his kinsman The Castle of zamora yeelded King Ferdinands liberality and did yeeld it vp There was found in the Castle great store of siluer treasure iewells and other pretious mouables belonging to the King of Portugall which by King Ferdinands commandement were al restored vnto him who made Sancho d' Castile Captaine of the Castle after that he had ordayned and prouided all things requisite for the safety of Zamora hee came to Medina del Campo where the Queene met him This happy successe did daunt the courrages of all the Kings and Queenes enemies in so much as the greatest part of them employed all their meanes credit and friends to obtayne their grace and fauour The Constable obtayned pardon for the Maister of Calatraua and for the Earle of Vregna his brother vnto whom the Constable gaue one of his daughters in marriage The Arch-Bishoppe of Toledo beeing daily dispossessed of the townes and places belonging to his Arch-Bishopricke tooke leaue of the King of Portugall and withdrew him-selfe to Alcala de Henares beeing accompanied with a gard and conuoy of horsemen which did greatly hinder the Earle of Treuignoes enterprise who was sent by the King for to take him There remayned in Atiença a Captaine of the King of Portugalls side which did great hurt to the country round about who with his wife family and all his goods was taken in a night by a Knight named Garey Brauo who had entry giuen him by one of the Captaines seruants This prey amounting to better then tenne thousand ducaâ—ts was giuen by the King and Queene to this Knight who did in like manner take Camarena for their seruice from which place Iohn de Touar did commit infinite spoyles The King of Portugall finding that all matters fell out contrary to his desire resolued to returne into Portugall with an intent to craue aide of the French King Hee carried Donna Ioane his betroathed wife with him and left good Garrisons in those townes of Spaine which hee did possesse especially in Toro where Don Fancisco Cotino Earle of Marialua was left for Gouernour in Iohn de Vlloa his steed who dyed not long before by a suddayne accident Rodrigo of Caftagneda brother to the Earle of Cifuentes did hold Madrid for the Marquis of Villena beeing assisted by Iohn Sapata a Cittizen of the towne and a violent and bitter enemy to all those which tooke the King and Queenes part whome by all meanes he chased from thence He was cheefe of that faction In the number of those that were banished was Pero Nugnes of Toledo cheefe like-wise of those on the King and Queenes side who had retyred himselfe to the Duke of Infantasgo this man with others who were banished from Madrid hauing conferred with the Queenes people did thinke to surprise the towne by intelligence with some within the same Iohn Sapata at the first newes thereof left the Citty his owne conscience accusing him and threatning him with death for his many misdemeanors neuerthelesse the commander Pedro of Ayala a knight of the order of Saint Iames being in the Citty did defend it for a tyme and then did deliuer it to the Duke The Castle held two months for the Marquis Donna Isabell sworne heire to
or brotherhoods and the fift and last for the treasure and royall reuenue At the same time iustice which had a long time beene banished out of Spayne was called home againe and reuerenced and diuers wicked persons punished among whome Hernand Alarcon 〈…〉 the familiar friend and instigator of the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo a seditious and turbulent person was beheaded by meanes of which example euery man submitted himselfe to law and framed himselfe to a ciuill and honest life then did the tyrannies of great men cease the thefts and robberies of their followers were suppressed in such sort as the fields were as safe as good townes those things which were vsurped were restored to the right owners the seates of iustice were well ordered and diuers good lawes and Edicts were made It was there enacted that the Iewes and Moores in townes and citties should dwell in streetes and places by themselues All Noblemen were forbidden to carrie Guards about with them to place Crownes vppon their shields and armes or to haue vshers to carrie maces or roddes before them vnlesse they were Magistrates not to vse titles in their letters Charity of K. Fernand and Queene Isabel. belonging to Princes and Soueraigne Lords And for that the Kings felt their consciences burthened with the death of many poore people who had followed them in their last warres whose widowes and children were in great necessitie they appoynted a summe of twentie millions of Marauidis to bee distributed vnto such people by Friar Hernand of Talauera as he should thinke it meete and conuenient thinking by laying this charge vppon him to discharge themselues In this assembly of the Estates in the moneth of May Prince Ioane sworne vnto with great sollemnitie the Infant Don Iohn was according to the custome of Spayne sworne vnto as Prince of the Asturia's and heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon in the presence of the Prelats and Lords whose names follow The Cardinall Don Pedro Gonçales of Mendoza Arch-bishoppe of Siuill and withall Bishoppe of Siguença Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Bishoppe of Palence Friar Alphonso of Burgos Bishop of Cordoua with others of the Clergie For the Nobilitie and State militarie Don Alphonso of Cardegna Master of Saint Iames Don Pero Fernandes of Velasco Constable of Castile and Earle of Haro Don Alphonso Henriques great Admirall of Castile and the Kings Vnkle Don Pero Aluares Osorio Marquis of Astorga and Earle of Transtamara Don Aluaro of Mendoza Earle of Castro Don Lorenzo Suares of Mendoza Earle of Crugna Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla Don Diego Lopes of Estuniga Earle of Miranda Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Earle of Oropesa Don Guttiere de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar Don Bertrand de la Cueua Earle of Ledesma Don Diego Fernandes of Quignones Earle of Luna Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montemajor Don Aluar Peres of Guzman Lord of Saint Eulalia Don Guttiere of Cardegna great Commaunder of Leon with diuers others of name and place For the third estate the Deputies of the Citties on this side and beyond the mounts did take the accustomed oath to wit for old Castile Burgos Leon Segobia Auila Soria Zamora Toro and Salamanca and for the other part Toledo Guadalajara and Cuenca and for Andalusia Siuill Cordoua and Iaen and the Cittie of Murcia for that Countrey Diuers Lords likewise of the Realme Arragon were present at this solemnitie as Don Raymond Bishoppe of Vrgell and Don Philip of Arragon bastard-sonne to the late Prince Charles Nephew to the King and cousin germaine to Prince Iohn At this assembly Don Andrea de Cabrera and Donna Beatrix of Bouadilla his wife were created Marquises of Moya with graunt of twelue hundred vassals neere to Segobia for the good seruices which they had done to the kings Don Ferdinand and Donna Isabella at whose table the more to honour them they did eate the same day The Parlament or assembly of States being ended the Court came to Medina del campo where they began to take great paines to haue the ordonances of the Estates executed and put in practise vppon the vsurpations tyrannies quarrels and enmities which were past In the same towne a knight whose name was Aluar Ianes of Lugo was put to death who being couetous to adde to his owne great wealth the goods of a certaine Cittizen hired a certaine Notarie or Scriuener to make some false and counterfeite contracts and to the end the deceit might not be knowne hee foorth-with payed him his hire cutting his throate and burying him secretly in the back-side of his owne house the which murther was discouered by the diligent inquirie of the poore widdow whose husband was neuer seene abroade since hee was seene to go into the Knights house This Gentleman was taken A muâ—therâ—us gentleman câ—eâ—uâ—ed conuicted and beheaded notwithstanding his great friends and kindred who offered fortie thousand Duckets for to saue his life which was a great summe in those dayes which sundrie of the Councel wished the Kings to take but these Princes beeing great Iusticers would not hearken to it but the Knight was executed according to his deserts The yeare 1481. the Kings departed from Medina King Fernand and Queene Isabell zealous of Iustâ—ce and did take leaue the one of the other for a certaine time the Queene went to Vailliodolit and the King made a voyage into Arragon with intent to haue the like oath made there to his son Prince Iohn as the States of Castile had done at Toledo and to order the State of his owne patrimoniall Kingdome as also to demaund a certaine subsidie of money of his subiects there The King beeing at Sarragossa the Cardinall of Foix and his brother Don Iames Vnkles to the young King Francis Phoebus of Nauarre Nauarre came thither to him to beseech him to ayde him with forces and meanes to suppresse his audacious subiects which did disturbe the peace of his Kingdome who contemning his youth did commit infinite tyrannies there whom king Fernand did most louingly receiue as his Nephewes sonnes to Queene Leonora his sister and did promise concerning their demaunds to performe the office of a Christian Prince friend and neere kinsman to the young king During his aboade at Sarragossa the Marshall of Nauarre who was at Tudela had ordinarie intelligence with diuers Castillan Lords some of whome knowing their masters will did beginne to treate of meanes for the pacification of the factions of Beaumont and Grammont by whome the kingdome was spoiled Amongst those which did most earnestly employ themselues therein was a Friar Preacher to king Fernand whose name was Abarca The Estates of Nauarre at Tafalla who dealt in such sort as hee agreed vpon a marriage betwixt Philip of Nauarre the Marshall and a daughter of the Earle Lewis of Lerin which he thought would bee a meanes that these two Lords would forget all former hatred and become heartie and affectionate friends by whose example
If there were euer barbarism like vnto this since the foundatioÌ„ of the world was laid they may iudge which be meÌ„ hauing retained some light of reason may conclude pertinently that there is not any thing among human actioÌ„s in this miserable age that is more repugnaÌ„t to the law of god more absurd in nature more preiudicial to good gouernmeÌ„t more in conteÌ„pt of kings magistrats to conclude more offensiue before God man than these modern duels Not that we should allow or giue place to the ancient maner of coÌ„bats wheras there is a king or some other soueraign power who ought not to graÌ„t nor suffer them according to the rules of justice wel administred without the authoritie of which soueraigne power it is not lawful for any whatsoeuer to draw his sword according to the laws of Christendome Being most certain that combats in the best form that they were euer practised if it be not against an enemy that prouokes in opeÌ„ war are the inuentions of cruel barbarous nations which are ignorant of piety justice and gouernment Returning to our Historie wee find this yere 1522 Iames of Aillon earle of Lude gouernor of Fontarraby being so long disquieted by the enemy wanting things necessary for the defence of a town of war which attended a fiege hourly he aduertised the French king his master of his estate intreating him to releeue him to send another gouernor the which the king performed aswel as he could for he was otherwise busied the war being hot both in Italy Picardy betwixt him the emperor The marshall of Chastillon was sent thither who dying at Dax his charge was giueÌ„ to the marshal Chaâ—anes who victualled Fontarrabie in view of the enemy changed the garrison drawing forth the earle of Lude Frauget gouernour of Fontaâ—rabie and making captain Frauget gouernor in his place who had alwaies had the reputation of a good soldier but he lost it in this charge They of Fontarrabie hauing a little before made a sally vpoÌ„ the enemy which lay at Yrun it had succeeded ill in the which they had lost the signior of Chanfarron many good soldiers and after the comming of captain Frauget they made many skirmishes most of them preiudiciall to the French In the yere 1523 1523 the marshall D. Pedro of Nauarre a prisoner in the fort of Symanca died Death 〈…〉 whose death was diuersly published it is most certain that it was violently by the sword the Spaniards impute the fault to himself saying that being too much affected to K. Henry of Albret his naturall Prince seeing himself so long detained in prison for that he would not swear to another he fel into such despaire as hee slue himselfe hee left one son of the same name who did then serue the FreÌ„ch k. in FoÌ„tarrabie At Rome Pope Adrian also dyed the 20 month of his raigne in whose place Iulio de Medicis was chosen was named Clement 7. Emperors 〈◊〉 into Pampelâ—â—â— The same yere the emperor entred into Pampelone where prouiding for the defence of his couÌ„trie of Guipuscoa he sent the constable D. Inigo FernaÌ„des of Velasco with the prince of Orang who led an army of about 24000 meÌ„ by the pace of Beoyuia into Bearn camped before Saluateria the which yeelded where staying they made shew that they would conquer the country of Bearn or attempt Bayone and so they held the minds of men in suspeÌ„ce Exploits of the Spanish army in Bearn The lord of Lautrec gouernor of Guienne gaue good order both for Bayone Fontarrabie being doubtful what designe the enemy had who hauing remained 4 daies at Saluaterra returned into Guipuscoa hauing done nothing memorable in that voyage but taken the Castle of Vidaxone belonging to the lord of Gramont a great part of this army died of cold and want in this voyage 21 In the beginning of the yere 1524 1524 the emperour leauing Nauarre Siege laid by the Spaniards to Fontarrabie retyred to Victoria where he resolued of the siege of Fontarrabie which was begun in the beginning of February the Constable of Castille being generall of the army assisted by the prince of Orange and many other noblemen and knights of name among which was William of Roccandolphe Colonel of 3000 Germans the batterie was planted towards Miranda against the queens bastion it was furious continuall yet they gaue not any assault for the Spaniards desired to take it by famin without the losse of their men Fontarrabie yeelded to the emperour the place was reasonably wel furnished to endure a long siege yet captain Frauget yeelded it vpon composition to depart with their armes baggage saued their colours flying as the Spaniards had done Punishment of Captaine Frauget for the yeelding of Fontarrabie Frauget excused himselfe vpon the intelligences which D. Pedro of Nauarre had with the enemies notwithstanding he was degraded of his nobilitie vpon a scaffold in the citie of Lion D. Pedro of Nauarre was sonne to the Marshall D. Pedro who died a prisoner in the Castle of Symanca and was nephew to the Constable of Castille by whome being solicited he went to emperors seruice The place was found well furnished of all things whereunto hauing added other prouisions the gard and defence thereof was giuen to Sancho Martines de Leyua brother to Anthony de Lyna who was then reputed a wise and discreet Captaine in the warres of Italie Besides the gouernment of that towne Sancho Martines was corrector of the Prouince of Guipuscoa the which hath not hapned to any one to haue had the charge of warre and of Iustice. Those which haue gouerned in Fontarrabie successiuely vnto our time after Sancho Martines were D. Sancho de Leyua his son then D. Diego of Caruajal lord of Xodar in our time D. Iohn d' Acugna In Nauarre the king appointed D. Diego of Auellaneda Diego d' Auellaneda viceroy of Nauarre bishop of Tuy to bee Viceroy gouernor reformer of the Iustice. And then the knights of the faction of GramoÌ„â— which had followed the kings of the house of Albret returned into their country to the emperors seruice to whom they did sweare as to their king namely D. Pedro of Nauarre who obtained the dignity of Marshall 1524 which his father had held and the Marquisate of Cortes Gramontoies returne into Nauarre to the emperours seruice Hee was descended from D. Lionell sonne to king Charles the second of that name As for the earle of Saint Stephens when as he came to the emperors seruice he had the title of Marquesse of Falses giuen him and the office of high chamberlaine of Nauarre with other fauors since which time that realme hath beene held by the house of Castille in peace and without troubles 22 On Saint Mathias day Francis the French king taken at Pauia being the 24 day of Februarie
end that if they did not receyue him willingly his title beeing so well grounded he would vse force and therefore they should aduise not to draw themselues their families and the whole Realme into a warre and the miseries which follow it These letters were deliuered to many with good words and presents Lisbon refuseth the King of Spains letters but the cittie of Lisbone would not receiue them and as Christopher de Mora had left them with the Officers of the Cittie they sent them sealed vp vnto their King who was much trobled with this weightie busines and could not resolue any thing that was pleasing to king Philip who threatened him and began to let the Portugals know that he prepared to armes for not meaning to be taken vnprouided at Henries death which could not be long and that this delay should not any way preiudice him in that he pretended to be King of Portugal in despight of all those that would contradict he had drawne into Spaine of Germans Italians and Spaniards of his old regiments of Italy to the number of 18000. foot whom he entertayned many moneths with great charge and hinderance to his subiects in Andalusia and other places nere to Portugall which they could not coniecture to be to any other end but to inuade that realme where they sayd openly that armes and force were his best title for he had no right vnto it He among all the pretendants which did most trouble him and the King Don Henry also was Don Antonio Prior of Crato who was very well beloued of the people and of many of the Nobilitie The King was so incensed against him as he gaue commandement he should not be heard and taking vppon him to re-examine his cause of Legitimation he sought to dissolue the sentence which was giuen by Emanuell d' Almada Bishop of Angra appoynted Iudge by the Pope whereof Pope Gregorie the 13. beeing aduertised he retayned the knowledge of the cause to himselfe yet Don Henry either mooued by his owne passion or prest by the Castillans declared this sentence to be voyd by his owne authoritie without forme of law or solemnitie of iustice but Conestagio in the Historie of Portugall writes that King Henry had obtayned a Breefe secretly from the Pope Sentence of D. Antonio's legitimation disanulled by the which he gaue him authoritie to iudge the cause of legitimation absolutely without any forme of Processe and that of foure witnesses two confessed that they had beene suborned by Don Antonio and that the other two were suspected as his neere allies and disagreeing betwixt themselues and that Lewis his father tearmed him Bastard in his last will whereuppon hee declared Don Antonio illegitimate imposing him perpetual silence touching the pretended marriage and legitimation sending a Sergeant to Crato to seaze vpon the Prior but hee found him not This he writes But were it true or false the King leauing the qualitie of a Iudge commanded Don Antonio of his royall authoritie not to come within thirtie leagues of the Court. Then his indignation increasing he banished him the Realme depriued him of all pensions priuiledges and fauours which he had receyued of precedent kings seeking by all meanes to haue him apprehended and to put him into some streight prison yet Don Antonio went not out of the Realme but retired to some of his friends or to some Monasteries vppon the fronter neither did he forbeare to come and sollicite the Iudges with the which the king was dayly incensed Being prest by the importunities of king Philips Ambassadors terrified by his preparation to armes and perswaded by his Confessor father Lyon Henrique he did adhere wholy vnto him and there was then no difficultie but to find meanes to name him and to get the consent of the Estates and therefore he propounded a kind of accord betwixt the Realme and king Philip the which shold be treated by his means in an assembly of the Estates the which he called to that end But the king of Castile would not put his right to Compromise and detested this Assembly of the Estates K Henry falles sicke aduertising king Henry that he should not treate of this businesse with them vnited in one bodie but particularly with the chiefe of the Clergie the Nobilitie and the townes In the meane time the king D. Henry found himselfe ill so as being taken with great faintings which held him long the Councel which was about him and the Deputies assembled in the towne of Almerin whither they were retired by reason of the plague which was very violent in Lisbon and in a manner in all the other townes of the Realme thinking that he would neuer recouer it they presumed to open the boxe wherein was the lyst of such as he had chosen to be Gouernors of the Realme and to proceede to the nomination of a Successor in case he had not done it where they found Gouernors of Portugal that of the fifteene that were contayned in the rowle he had chosen George d' Almada Arch-bishop of Lisbon Francis de Sada Lord Chamberlain Iohn Tello Iohn Mascaregnas and Diego Lope de Sosa President in the Councell of Iustice at Lisbon The king was somewhat recouered but knowing that he drew neere his end employing the remainder of his daies in the care of his soule and leauing this businesse with others imperfect An. 1580. he dyed the last of Ianuary 1580. hauing held the royall seate as the Castillans sayd seuenteene moneths and some dayes Death of King Henry beeing 68. years old for he dyed in the same moneth and on the same day that he was borne This was the last king of Portugall in whom ended the direct masculine line And as the first Lord of Portugall though with the title of an Earle was called Henry euen so was the last Life of King Henry He was of a thinne bodie low of stature and leane of his visage hee had an indifferent good wit and was endowed besides the Latine toung with some knowledge He was alwaies held to be chast and did neuer blemish that angelicall vertue but with the desire of marriage in his latter dayes He was accompted sparing giuing rather then denying for he refused seldome but he gaue sparingly he was ambitious of all Iurisdiction as well ecclesiasticall as ciuill zealous in religion but more seuere then was fit in the reformation of Clergi-men He was Bishop Gouernor of the Realme Inquisitour Maior Cardinall Apostolicke Legate and King But the greater he grew in dignitie the more he discouered his incapacitie and weaknesse suffering himselfe in greatest affaires to be ouer-ruled by his ministers not able to determine the cause of the succession Hee was very obstinate in his opinions neuer forgetting any wrongs so as iustice was in him but an vniust execution of his passions and therefore a religious man whome hee had prest to take vppon him a most strict course of life sayd vnto him that hee
bee brought from any other place they die But the other Ophiusa in old time and now Fromentaria is so full of them as the island hath remained desart and not inhabited In Yuica they make excellent salt These islands are right against the shore betwixt Barcelone and Valence The islands of Sardinia and Corsica were in old time giuen by the Popes in fee to the kings of Arragon who haue contended by armes for the right thereof against the Geneuois and Pisans for many yeares till that in the end the Arragonois got the quiet possession of Sardinia of which conquest we shall speake often wherefore wee will describe it briefly without making any particular mention of that of Corsica which the Geneuois hold The isle of Sardinia lies in the Mediterranean sea Description of Sardinia hauing that of Corsica neere vnto it vpon the North. It runs out in length from North to South neere threescore leagues accounting foure miles to a league It is held to be about an hundred and fiftie leagues in circuit It is fiue and thirtie leagues from Africke the neerest place vnto it is Tunes or Bizerte Betwixt it and Corsica are but foure leagues and in some places but three in the which there are many smal islands which they cal Businares This island was in old time called Ico Ichnusa and Sandaliotis for that it hath the forme of a sole or of a mans foot The first inhabitants were Tuscanes and then Grecians led by Iolaus and Sardus companions to Hercules After which there arriued some Troianes and then Athenians After them the Carthaginians seised vpon this island who were dispossest by the Romanes which was the cause of the third warre betwixt them Hauing beene long vnder that commonweale and consequently vnder the Romane empire the Sarasens got footing there against whom the Geneuois and Pisans then mightie commonweales did arme by the Popes persuasion conquered it and planted themselues there But for that it was a subject of their warre and quarels and withall the Popes bearing a spleene against the Pisans Fertilitle of Sardinia it was giuen in fee to the kings of Arragon It was heretofore a store-house for the Romanes it was so fertile and would be so still if the people were industrious much better for tillage than Corsica especially that part which lies towards Africk which is a plaine and lyes lower than the other towards Corsica which is hilly In it there grow vines and all sorts of fruites as in Corsica except oyle by reason of the negligence of the Sardinians for nature bringing forth in the woods and mountaines infinit-store of wild oliues shewes it is their owne fault if this plant be not made good The island abounds in cattell of all sorts as it appeares by the great quantitie of hides and cheese which they transport into Italie and other places There are great store of wild goats called by the countreymen Musines or Muâ—les which haue their haire like stagges and their heads like rammes but their hornes bending backwards they are verie light and nimble and liue in the mountains whereof of the Sardinians who are better huntsmen than the Corsicans take three or foure thousand at a time the which they flea to sell their skinnes whereof the Cordeuan leather is made leauing the carkasses in the fields notwithstanding that the flesh be reasonable good to eat wherewith it may be the ayre is impaired The aâ—re in Sardinia corrupted by nature and by accident the which doth naturally infect that countrey by reason of certaine South windes which blow in Summer The horses of Sardinia are hot strong headed and hard to be broken but they last long and there are many wild Among their tame cattell there are certaine small bullockes which amble naturally which the countrey men vse like Asses and Mules to goe from one place to another Heretofore there haue beene mynes of sulpher or brimstone Mynes alume siluer and salt and it is but the negligence of the people that they are not found at this day and with good profit Neither doth it want bathes which are good for many infirmities Bathes especially betwixt Montreal and Saint Iohn In Sardinia as some maintaine there are no wolues nor any venimous nor hurtfull beasts the which they haue common with many other islands yet they haue verie great foxes fierce and cruell which easily kill a sheepe or a goat There growes the hearbe Sardonique which causeth death with such a contraction of the sinewes as they seeme to smile when they are dead This island hath in former times beene better inhabited than it is at this day and they haue beene more warlike than now they are When as the Geneuois and Pisans did hold it they distinguisht it into two prouinces that of Cap Caillery which lookes towards Africke the which was the Pisans part and the greater and Cap of Lugodori joyning vpon Corsica which the Geneuois held for them Then the Sardinians had their rulers and Gouernours whom they call Iudges Iudges is foure â—urisdictions diuided into foure jurisdictions or prouinces one at Caillery another at Arborea since called Oristagny one at Turrita or Torre and the fourth at Galluri This kind of gouernement was entertained vntill the conquest of the island by the Arragonis and the Spaniards rule At this day there is a Viceroy resident at Caillery with absolute authoritie who of necessitie must bee a Spaniard and is assisted by a Councell or royall audience consisting of a President and a certaine number of Counsellours The two prouinces aboue mentioned into the which the islands is diuided haue either of them a Gouernour who is a Spaniard or of the island indifferently which doe gouerne and haue authoritie in the absence of the Viceroy but hee beeing present it ceaseth The townes and chiefe places of this island Chiefe townes in Sardinia bee Caillery commonly called Calger a towne seated vpon the side of a hill towards Africke hauing a goodly port haunted by merchants and saylers from all parts it is well built and enriched with diuers towers and a stately temple built by the Pisans and an Archbishops seat This citie hath by priuiledge a jurisdiction apart besides the Viceroyes authoritie and is gouerned by the citizens themselues Next is Oristagny in old time called Arborea the which is also a bishopricke and was sometimes a marquisate with a particular lord but one of them rebelling the kings of Arragon haue vnited it vnto their demaines There is a port also towards the West Arghero or Alguero followes on the same West part the which hath no port but onely a road Bossa vpon the Sea the tower in old time was called Libisson a Colonie of the Romanes and afterwards called Torre or Turrite the which is now ruined Sassari ten or twelue miles from the sea where there is an auntient conduit of water the which continues about twelue miles vnto Saint Gauins temple Then castle
with matters belonging to a monasticke and sollitary life then to gouerne a Kingdome besides they grew iealous that the Arragonois choosing a King of the bloud royall of Arragon they would by this meanes aspire to the chiefe places of fauour and honour in Court wherefore these things being propounded in priuate assemblies by D. Sancho de Rosas Bishop of Pampelone Ladron de Gueuara sonne to Ygnes chiefe of the house of Gueuara in Alaua William Aznares of Oteyça Fortunion Ynigues of Leete Ximen Aznares of Torres and others it was concluded that in steed of going to the generall assembly at Monçon the Estates of Nauarre should assemble at Pampelone the which hauing performed with great diligence they did choose D. Garcia Ramires Lord of Monçon for King of Nauarre who was sonne to the infant D. Ramir grand-child to D. Sancho Gartia great grand-child to D. Garcia the 6. who was son vnto the king D. Sancho the great D. Garcia was at Monçon at the time of this election with the Arragonois assisting at their assembly for the election of a future King hauing no thought to aspire to that degree when as Willi Azneares of Oteya Ximen Aznares of Torres beeing sent by the assembly of Pampelone came to aduertise him of that which had past and led him secretly away to Pampelone So D. Garcia Ramires was established King of Nauarre in October 1134. being about forty yeeres old D. Ramir the second of that name and fifth King of Arragon 11. Arragon VVHen as the Arragonois vnderstood that there was a King in Nauarre they sodainely made choise of D. Frere Ramir for their King who had beene Monke at Tomires appointed to bee Bishop of Roda and Barbastro hauing been before of Bourgos and Pampelone and in like manner had beene chosen Abbor of Sahagun in Castille and was a priest as D. Rodrigo Ximenes the Archbishop doth write To his election was added a dispensation from Pope Ancletus then raigning By this meanes the Realmes of Nauarre and Arragon which had beene vnited eight and fifty yeeres since the King D. Sancho Ramires were seperated in these two Kings D. Frere Ramir the new King of Arragon had need of a more quiet estate in respect of his breeding vp in Saint Benets order for thinking to raigne in Arragon hee found a rough aduersary in D. Alphonso Raymond King of Castille wherefore hee retired himselfe into the mountaines of Sobrarbre hauing neither force nor courage to oppose himselfe against him so as to settle and to assure himselfe he was forced to vse mildet meanes then armes and come to prayers and intreaties imploying mediators which were fit to treat and pleasing to his enemy Amongst others which labored to make a peace betwixt these two Princes were D. Oldegaire Archbishop of Tarragone but both he and the rest lost their labours Saragossa seized on by the king of Castille for the King of Castille beeing come neere vnto Sarragossa the chiefe city of that Estate hee was receiued and commanded there as King hauing in his company D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone his wiues brother and Roger Earle of Foix who had married the other sister of Queene D. Berenguela D. Alphonso Iordain Earle of Tolouse Armingol Earle of Vrgel Mâ—r Earle of Pallars Berenger Arch-deacon of Toledo and many other Knights of Castille Arragon Cattelogne yea and of France Hauing with this company disposed of the affaires of Arragon he returned to Leon Casfille whereas he made an assembly of Prelats and other chiefe men of his Estates whereas hee caused himselfe to bee crowned Emperor of Spaine in the Cathedral church with the solemnities and ceremonies requisit in so great an act Alphonso Raymond King of Castille crowned Emperor of Spaine receiuing the holy vnction and the crowne from D. Raymond Archbishop of Toledo which title was afterwards confirmed as some Spaniards write by Pope Innocent the second although that the Kings his Predecessors who had vsurped the like title for that they were soueraigne Lords in their countries without acknowledging any other secular power had not affected the like confirmation Some say this coronation was at Toledo it may bee it was a reiteration of that pompe and ceremony in Castille and the territory of Toledo which were distinct Kingdomes and different from that of Leon or it may bee a second coronation as the custome is in the Empire of Germany They adde moreouer that the name of Imperiall was confirmed to that city by King D. Alphonso the eight Toledo the Imperial towne and armes giuen it the which it carries at this day which are an Emperor in a roab of gold sitting in a throne holding a globe in his left hand and in his right a sword In this pompe the church of Toledo had by guift from the Emperor D. Alphonso the towne of Alcala the old in the yeere 1135. It was a fort built by the Moores An. 1135. and ruined in the former warres wherefore they hold that D. Raymond the Archbishop did afterwards build the towne of Alcala de Henares whereas it is at this day and whereas in old time the towne of Compâ—utum stood This Spanish Emperor seeing himselfe in that greatnesse strooke against the same stone where his Predecessors had grosly stumbled and came to diuide his realmes amongst mongst his children Castille and Leoa diuided making them Kings being ill aduised by bad councel to D. Sancho the eldest he gaue Castille and Toledo and to D. Fernand Leon and Galicia To D Sancho hee extended the ancient lymits of Castille towards Leon vnto the towne of Sahagun by Moral de la Roine Tordehumes Vregna and Cauillas To the second he asigned the Lands of Leon and Galicia with that part of the Asturies which lies from the riuer of Oua vnto Galicia These seeds of warre and discord were laied by the bad councel of the Earles D. Almeric de Lara otherwise called Manriques sonne to D. Pedro de Lara and D. Fernand of Transtamara great Noblemen who thought to maintaine the greatnesse and reputation of their houses the better by these parrages and from the troubles which might ensue then if there were but one Monarke in Spaine an ordinary practice in great Christian Estates this done D. Alphonso returned into Arragon D. Garcia Ramires King of Nauarre seeing the successe of the King of Castille in the countries of Nauarre and Arragon Nauarre doubting hee should not be able to resist the great power of this new Emperor D. Alphonso especially if hee made himselfe maister of D. Ramirs Kingdome as hee was very likely hee resolued to purchase a peace and his friendship by some submission vnto him for his realme of Nauarre D. Alphonso then being returned into Arragon Nauarre 〈◊〉 salto Casille after the ceremonies of his eoronation these two Princes had an enterview at Pradilla with great shewes of loue where their accord and league was confirmed King D. Ramir
little wherefore Pope Innocent the third was forced at the sute and instance of the Estates of Arragon and Cattelogne to send a Cardinall called Peter of Beneuent into Languedoc to whome the young king was deliuered and led by him into his Countrie where hee was receiued and crowned at Monçon and then tooke and receiued the oath at Lerida It was ordayned in these assemblies of Monçon and Lerida that Don Sancho Earle of Rossillon should gouerne the realme during the kings minoritie but they gaue him limitation The kings person was recommended to Friar William of Monredon VVillyam of Monredon and Raymond of Pegnafort or Rochâ—fort Gouernors of the kings person Master of the Templers to whom was giuen for an Assistant Friar Raymond of Pegnafort a Castellan he that compiled the books of the Decretals and did write arguments in cases of conscience whereof there shall be more ample mention made Don Sancho Earle of Rossillon of a Regent became a tyrant and did in time much trouble the king Don Iames. These things past in this manner in Arragon the yeare after the victory of Muradal or Tholousa In Nauarre Nauarre Pampelone in sedition the king D. Sancho the Strong at his returne from Castile found great disorders and mutinies among his subiects especially in the citty of Pampelone which grew by the young maydens of the towne who had iniuried one another and as oftentimes a small coale kindles a great fire which burnes a house yea a whole cittie so these petty brabbles made all the Inhabitants fall into factions those of the Bourg of Saint Sernin and Saint Michel to defend the female kind fell to blowes and murthers the which could not be preuented in the Kings absence who by his presence pacified and reconciled them for a time but beeing afterwards retired to his castell of Tudele where he would not see any man by reason that the incurable griefe in his foot increased daily the young men of Pampelone reuiued their insolencies and quarrels so as one day those of Saint Sernin and Saint Michel falling to armes their fury and rage was such as there were aboue 800. slaine vpon the place both men wiues and virgins and many houses were burnt such was their furious rage one against another the which caused the King Don Sancho to leaue his voluntarie prison to pacifie it as he did 39 Among other remedies which might serue hereafter hee found that peace could not continue long among a people where there was a multitude of idle youth and that of necessitie there must grow daily quarrels among them if there were not meanes found out to employ them Seeing then that his subiects were giuen to armes more then to any other exercise he resolued seeing there was no warre with his neighbors to make a garrison vpon the Moores frontiers whether the young men of the countrie should be sent to be trained vp in martiall discipline and to practise armes honorably against the enemies of Christ for this cause he intreated the king D. Iames or those which did then gouerne his Realme of Arragon to sell him the fruites and possession of the townes of Ademus Castelâ—abib Ferreta Ferrelon and Calamator for his life to make them a schole for armes the which hee obtained confirming also by the same mediators the peace which had beene concluded betwixt the kings Don Sancho and Don Pedro some yeares before the which began to be troubled betwixt these two estates D. Alphonso king of Castille Castile Exploits against the Moores hauing suffered his soldiers to rest some time in their houses drew his army againe together in the yeare 1213. and recouered the Castell of Duegnas which herestored to the Order of Calatraua he also tooke the Castle of Ezna Vexor the which the gaue to the Order of Saint Iames from thence hee came and planted his campe before the towne of Alcarras seated vpon a very high and rough part of the mountaine called Sierra Morena the which hee tooke without any great difficulty the Moores beeing yet amazed at the defeate they had the yeare before and then hauing seazed vppon many other places with the like ease hee returned to Toledo where the Queenes D. Elenor his wife and D. Berenguela his daughter with the Infant Don Henry attended him There was a great famine that yeare in Spaine when as Don Roderigo Ximenes the Arch-bishop did much good by his preaching perswading the rich to releeue the poore for which consideration the King did afterwards giue many places to him and his successors Arch-bishops the which did much augment the reuenues of that Sea honouring moreouer the sayd Don Roderigo and his successors Arch-bishops with the title of High Chancelors of Castile The Kings of Castile and Leon Leon. had beene no very good friends vppon diuers occasions but now lately by reason of the diuorce betwixt the King of Leon and his wife D. Berenguela daughter of Castile the which was partly the cause why the king of Leon was not at the battell of Muradal but this yeare all hatred forgotten the two kings had an interview in the towne of Vailledolit whereas it was agreed that Carpio and Montreall should be restored to the King of Leon vpon condition that he should raze them and that he should make warre against the Moores Reconciliation of the Kings of Castille and Leon. for the execution whereof D. Diego Lopes de Haro was sent to accompany Don Alphonso king of Leon with a good number of souldiers The places beeing ruined the king of Leon went against the Moores of Alcantara vppon the riuer of Tayo on the confines of Portugall the which hee tooke whereas since he did institute an Order of Knights Order of the Knâ—ghts of Alcantara like vnto that of Calatraua This king D. Alphonso of Leon is numbred the tenth of that name by them that mingle the kings of Castile and Leon together We haue sayd before that he had two wiues the one was daughter to Don Sancho the first king of Portugall called Donna Theresa of which marriage issued Don Fernand who died before his father Donna Sancha and D. Dulce being afterwards separated by the Popes authoritie for that they were cousins in the third degree he married to his second wife Donna Berenguela daughter to Don Alphonso the Noble king of Castile of whom was borne Don Fernand who was King of Castile and Leon and Don Alphonso who came to be Lord of Molina Gentalogie of Leon. and had moreouer two daughters by this Lady Donna Constance a Nunne in las Huelgas of Burgos and Donna Berenguela who married with the Earle Iohn de Brenne whom they termed king of Ierusalem This second marriage was also dissolued for that Donna Berenguela was daughter to her husbands cousinâ—germaine therefore Don Alphonso had a friend which brought him a bastard called Don Roderigo Alphonso of Leon. After the taking of Alcantara Castile Don Diego
king Thibaud who was called the Elder to distinguish him from his sonne and successor being also of the same name of whose deedes wee haue no great instructions out of histories onely we haue gathered out of some writings and records tending to other ends 〈…〉 that which we shall relate of him He was thrice married as the Spaniards write First he had to wife a Lady of Lorraine daughter to an Earle of Metz froÌ„ whom he was diuorced by the Popes authoritie hauing no children His second wife was daughter to Guichard Lord of Beaujeu who it may be was the 3. of that name from which marriage issued Blanche who 〈◊〉 married to Iohn Duke of Brittaine surnamed thered Thirdly he married Marguerite daughter to Archembaud one of the Earles of Foix it may be there is some error in the name for there is no mention made in the Histories of that time of any Archembaud of Foix of whom he begot Thibaud and Henry who succeeded one after another in the Realme of Nauarre and one daughter called Donna Leonora and Don Pedro Lord of the house of Muruçabal which is now ruined neere vnto Mendegerria so called in the Biscaine tongue which significs a redde mountaine All these marriages or at the least the two first were before his comming to the crowne of Nauarre which was in the 33. yeare of his age The manners of this Prince are commended by the Spaniards saying That he was liberal modest a great builder louing musicke curious of matters belonging to tillage Dispâ—sion of King 〈◊〉 by reason whereof he planted his country of Nauarre with many sorts of vnknowne frutes the which he caused to bee brought out of France so as there is yet a kind of Peare of Nauarre which they call Thibuatinas or Thibaudines he was a great catholike and zealous of the Romish Religion the castell of Treuas was of his building In his time there was a great sute ended betwixt the blacke Monkes Benedictines and those of Cisteaux for that the deceased king D. Sancho would haue changed the ancient Monkes of Saint Sauueur of Leyre and placed them of the Order of Cisteaux there the which he could not effect being violently oppugned by the Benedictins who during the raigne of king Thibaud lost their cause but notwithstanding that they were condemned and dipossessed yet they gaue it not ouer vntill they were restored to their auncient possession the which was after the death of Thibaud the second Henry his brother raigning to whom they bound themselues to pay 600. charges of corne yearely vntill they had deliuered the summe of 8500. Marauidis of gold Finally to end the new instances which were daily made by the one or the other D. Sancho Archb. of Toledo Infant of Arragon and he of Tarragone hauing authority from the Apostolike sea of Rome commanded the Monkes of S. Benet to perpetuall silence and restored them of Cisteaux to the possession and after the death of the king D. Henry the Gouernor of Nauarre freed the Monks of this tribute for the discharge of the Kings conscience as an excessiue vniust Impost Thus the Cistercian Mònkes of S. Bernard remained in quiet possession of the Monastery of S. Sauuâ—ur of Leyre By reason of the contentions of these Monks there were many letters remembrances and records of this Monasterie lost the which did serue much in those times for the illustrating of matters of Nauarre The Christian affaires in Syria being ill managed Thâ—baud theâ— king 〈…〉 goes into 〈◊〉 and their estate in those parts declining much Pope Gregory the 9. cauâ—ed a Croysado to be preached throughout all Christendome by the Monkes of the Orders of S. Dominick and S. Francis wherefore many Princes and great Personages of France and other countries inrolled themselues of which expedition Thibaud king of Nauarre was the chiefe The Noblemen and Knights Christians desiring to passe their troupes by sea could not be accommodated by the Commonweales of Genoa and Pisa who were then very strong in shipping by reason of the mutuall warre they had together to the great preiudice of Christendome The Venetians in like manner troubled with the affairs of the Empire of Greece gaue them no meanes to performe this voyage Wherfore king Thibaud and his troupe were forced to take their way by land into Syria where beeing atriued at Antioch after infinit toyle hauing to incounter with hunger diseases and want of all things besides the enemy who had seazed vpon the passages in the streights of Mouâ—t Taurus he found that two parts of his souldiers which had come out of France Nauarre and the fronters of Germany were wanting beeing either dead by the way or slaine by the Turks the remainders of these poore Christians arriued at Acre which is the ancient Ptolemaide where they began to make war against the Turks with small sucâ—â—sse A litle before this expedition Vanity of the 〈◊〉 Frederâ—â—ke the 2. the Emperor Frederick the 2. had bin in Palestina and as if he had had no other occasion to make this voyage but ambitiously to seeke to ioyne the vaine tide of king of Ierusalem to the rest which he carried of many kingdomes he entred the citty of Ierusalem without any resistance hauing purchased the fauor of Corradin Sultan of Egypt and hauing caused himselfe to be crowned there he returned presently into Italy hauing made a truce with the Infidels 〈◊〉 left some Germane souldiers in those contries to supply the garrisons who had no good correspondency with the king of Nauarre nor his men neither could they euer draw any succors from them for that they held the French to be affected to the Pope with whom their Emperor had had great quarrels wherfore they were forced to make war alone And the more to crosse K. Thibauds good fortune it fell out that many Noblemen which came in his company disbanded and returned home among the which was the Duke of Brittany so as the king D. Thibaud after many vnfortunate Incounters was forced to returne by sea into the west Beeing arriued in France he made some abode there to visit his lands and then he past into Nauarre Don Thibaud king of Nauarre made not this voyage in the company of Saint Lewis the French king as some write but some yeares before beeing in the yeere 1238. where as that of S. Lewis was ten yeares after or twelue as some affirme as it appeares by the histories of France 26 In the same yeare 1238. 1238. Arragon the citty of Valencia hauing beene long beseeged by Don Iaime King of Arragon and reduced to great necessitie was yeelded vnto him by Zaen the Moore who had vsurped that Principalitie who retiring to Denia left it without men or goods Valence taken Peopling of Vaâ—ence leading with him aboue 50000. Moores who carried with them according to the composition their gold siluer armes and all their mooueables so as that citie which was held one of the richest and
of Montagu who in this last tumult had beene opposite to the Gouernor Eustache Bellemarche would reconcile himselfe vnto him they came in the night into his lodging and murthered him cruelly Such insolencies did the Inhabitants of Nauarriere commit against the Maiesty of God and their Queene D. Pero Sanches de Montagu murthered wherefore they drew a heauy Iudgement vpon them for the French King beeing aduertised of their rebelious actions vpon the descouery of their conspiracy was wonderfully offended wherefore he raised a great army meaning to punish those which had carried so little respect vnto his greatnesse and had beene the cause of the ensuing miseries which army he himselfe would lead into Nauarre in the yeere 1276. but being arriued at Saluaterre in Bearn and forced to stay there some time An. 1276. by reason of the aboundance of snow which had fallne and stopt the passages of the mountaines he was so sollicited by them that were not well pleased with this voyage as he resolued to returne giuing the floure of his army to Charles the Histories of France call him Robert the second Earle of Artois to conduct it into Nauarre who crossing the mountaines by Iacca Earle of Artois sent into Nauâ—â—e to punish the rebels of Pampelone came by Sanguessa to Pampelona refusing to passe by the Valley of Roncal for that the Inhabitants held the party of them of Nauarriere To whose succors there were certaine bands of Castillans entred into the realme who would haue retired when as they heard of the comming of the French but beeing charged in the reereward they lost some men and as they retired slowly the French and Nauarrois of their party charged them againe wherevpon they turned head but they were defeated and put to flight with great losse And for that during the fight the Nauarrois cried often vnto the Castillans Aqui tornais that is to say doe you returne and that this demaund was often heard they say that the hospital which was built to bury them that were slaine in this incounter was for this caused named Aqui tornais and so continues vnto this day The Earle of Artois besieged Nauarriere the which he prest in such sorrt D. Garcia almorauid abandons the rebels as D. Garcia Almorauid who was within it with many of his confederates fearing they should not bee able to defend it got out in the night abandoning those miserable wretches to the punishment which they had deserued These commanders retired to the castle of Sar from whence the French dislodged them forcing them to flie into the Island of Sardaigne The Inhabitants of Nauarriere finding themselues in the morning without captaines were much troubled and like men which were better theeues and mutines then soldiars they beganne to cry out for mercy and to craue pardon of the Earle of Artois who seeming to pitty them much Nauarriere of Pampclone taken whilst he entertained them with words on the one side hee caused the walles and forts which were vnmanned to be assailed on the other so as the souldiars entred sodainely and made a cruell butchery of this wretched people neuer ceasing to kil whilst that day lasted and when night came they fel to the spoile committing such excesse and violences as victory hatred and fury doth sugiest to insolent souldiars and not content to haue slaine the men and taken their goods without respect of holy to prophane they extended their rage euen vnto the houses and buildings which they did ruine and burne wherewith the other quaters of the towne were indomaged the fire flying from one to the other doing great harme to them that had not offended The Chamber of accounts was fired where there were many titles letters and ancient Records of the realme of Nauarre burned the rest which could bee saued was carried to the castle of Tiebas whereas the Treasor and Chamber of accounts of Nauarre hath continued long Seuere punished The fury beeing ended those which had escaped the sword were condemned and publikely executed as traitors not any one escaping the seuerity of that sentence but such as the innocency of their age excused and all their goods were confiscated Thus Nauarriere of Pampelone was ruined by a iust iudgement of God in reuenge of the brutish cruelties which these mutines did vse against innocent age in the villages against the city and other their insolencies and rebellions For the murther committed vpon the person of D. Pedro Sanches of Montagu Lord of Cascante and other their insolencies there were called in question and accused before the Estates of Nauarre which were called to that end D. Gonçal Inigo Iohn Inçalbiz and his sonne Symon of Varriz Michel Garces of Varriz Garcia Perez of Liçoani Pedro Ximenes of Sabalça Symon Perez of Opaco Inegâ— Gil of Vrdauiz Sancho Inigues of Vrdaniz Gonçalâ—o of Arbiçu and Ruy Gonçales his brother Sancho Perez of Aguerre Ochoa Perez his brother Iohn of Armendariz Iohn and Sanches the Biscain al which appeering not their cause was more hainous hauing for their aduerse parties Ruy Peres of Echales Fernand Perez of Echales Michel Perez of Subica and Pedro of Aybar By these proceedings and excutions and rest of mutines were terrefied and the realme remained in peace 17 During these actions in Nauarre D. Alphonso King of Castille Castilie made preparation to march with an intent to despossesse the Emperor Rodolphus who had beene chosen to his preiudice notwithstanding that he had beene perswaded by many of his friends not to make any more account of the Empire seeing the occasions which might haue fauored him were lost yea Pope Gregory being come to the councel of Lyons considering the miseries which might come to Christendome if D. Alphonso should wilfully pursue his pretended right hee sent one vnto him called Fredul Abbot of Lunel afterwards Bishoppe of Ouiedo to perswade him to rest satisfied with his royall Estate and not to trouble himselfe any more with the affaires of the Empire seeing that by the consent of all the Electors Rodolphus had beene crowned in the towne of Aix La Chappelle And to make him beleeue that hee gaue him fatherly councell he dispensed with him to take the tenth of all the reuenues of the Clergy for sixe yeeres to make warre against the Moores But D. Alphonso being obstinate hee thought that if hee went to see the Pope he might draw him to set downe some order betwixt him and Rodolphus so as both might intitle themselues Kings of the Romains wherefore he told the Abbot of Lunel that he desired to passe into France and to conferre personally with his Holinesse in some commodious towne either Montpellier or where hee pleased The Pope hearing this answer perswaded himselfe that D. Alphonso had no great desire to be Emperor wherevpon without further deliberation he ratefied the Election of Rodolphus Pope ratefies the elections of Rodolphus with the consâ—â—t of the whole consistory in a conuocation
and brought to Toledo where they were buried with great sorrow of all the people taking it for a mournfull presage for the affaires of Spaine D. Gonçalo Bishop of Burgos succeded him in this dignity and was afterwards made Cardinal the first amongst all the Bishops of the Church They write that the Archbishop Don Sancho did not die fighting in the charge but that beeing taken there grewe debate betwixt some captaines Moores some striuing to lead him to the Miralmumin Iacob Aben Ioseph and others to King Mahumet and that the Gouernor of Malaga called Aben Atar arriuing foreseeing that by the contention for this prisoner there might happen some great slaughter amongst the captaines Moores he cast an Azagaye or Moorish dart at the Archbishop and peerced his belly through saying God forbid so many braue men should kil one an other for a dogge The day of this defeat there arriued D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay with a great number of souldiars horse and foote which he had sodainely leuied and lead by great iourneies towards the frontier by fauour whereof many which had remained at the battaile ioyntly with his troupes and without any delay went all ioyntly together to incounter the Moores who receiued them couragiously so as neither party could vant of the victory when as the night parted them The greatest deeds of armes in these incounters were done about the Archbishop D. Sanchos crosse the which he caused do be carried before him as primat and had fallne into the Moores hands but the Christians recouered it againe which made them hope for better 19 These losses were augmented by the death of the Infant D. Fernand the Viceroy being in villa Real since named city Royal where he attended the rest of his forces which were leauied in all the countries subiect vnto Castille Castille to goe himselfe in person to this warre Death of the Infant D. Fernand de Ia Cerde This Prince finding himselfe neere his end he recommended his eldest sonne D. Alphonso being but an Infant to D. Iohn Nugnes of Lara eldest sonne to the Earle D. Nugno coniuring him to take the charge and gard of him and of his right vnto the realme wherein he should by right succeed his grand-father Don Alphonso the wise the which Don Iohn Nugnes promised him and being dead he caused his body to bee carried to Burgos where it was buried in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The miseries which ensued brought the realme into great trouble and if God had not stayed the enterprises of the Infidels by some admirable and vnknowne meanes they were likey to haue giuen a great and mortall wound to the Christians Estate in Spaine but he spared them The Infant D. Sancho who had beene sent backe by King Alphonso from Perpignan being aduertised of his brothers death went with al speed to Villa Real where he was receiued by the army as Lieutenant to the King his father The Myralmumin not able to take Eccia Truce betwixt the Christians and Moores and finding the Christians forces to be much augmented he retired to Algezire and Tariffe and seeming to himselfe that he had done ynough and likewise the King of Granado they resolued to make a truce for two yeeres with the Christians a the which being concluded and sworne Iacob Aben Ioseph retired into Affrike holding still the townes of Tariffe and Algezire where he left good garrisons this was the successe of the Arabians warre King D. Alphonso being absent Being returned into Spaine about the end of the yeere 1276. An. 1276. he found the state in great disorder whereof he had beene alwaies aduertised during his aboad in France That which most grieued him was the death of his eldest sonne D. Fernand not without cause for his other sonne D. Sancho made shew that he had some disordred enterprise in his conceit the which he put in execution to the dishonor and preiudice of his father and elder brothers children wherein D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay did animate councel and conduct him for as soone as the Infant D. Sancho arriued at Villa Real where his brother died D. Lope Dias came vnto him whereas D. Sancho knowing that he was ill affected to the King D. Alphonso and the deceased D. Fernand and his familiar friend he did freely acquaint him with the desire he had to reigne saying it was fit that he who was a knight D Sanchos reâ—â—tion to â—â—ssesse his â—â—â—ewes of 〈◊〉 Kingdome and had learned to gouerne a realme were it in warre or peace should reigne after his father rather then his Nephews the sons of his brother D. Fernand who were yet very yong hauing need to Regents Gouernors charges which were effected but great personages who by reason therof grew into quarrel one with the other to the oppression of the people and hazard of the Estate the which was chiefly to be feared in these reuolts tumults of the Moores who could imbrace such an occasioÌ„ to augment their Estate with the preiudice of the Christians intreating him to assist him to effect his deseigne adding therewithal great promises wherevnto D. Lope Diaz answered according to the Infants desire incorraging him to proceed in his enterprise with assurance to aide him with this resolution they past with the army by Cordoua and repulst the Moores in such sort as the Miralmumins retreat the abouementioned truce followed Herevpon the King D. Alphonso did somewhat stay his sonnes enterprise but not quite ouerthrow it for not long after D. Sancho not only assured himselfe to succeed his father in the Kingdome but would also raigne in his life time D. Iaime King of Arragon Arragon being intreated by the Castillans had inuaded the Moores by Marica during this warre but with as bad successe as the rest for his men were put to rout nere to Xatiua Death of D. lame of Arragon wheras D. Garcia Ortis of Açagra with many others were slaine The King resoluing to goe in person in his army being old and broken he fell sicke and died at Valencia whether he caused himselfe to be carried hauing raigned threescore yeeres and ten monthes A Prince whom Spaine and especially his realme of Arragon ought much to commend His vertues for his great pollitike and millitary vertues and his great zeale to the religion of his age They write of three notable precepts which hee gaue vnto D. Alphonso King of Castille being with him at Toledo That hee should make the townes and common people his friends against the Insolencies of great men That he should neuer punish offenders secretly His buildings and valour and that hee should neuer seeme fearefull in doing well The Authors of Arragon write that in his time hee built aboue two thousand Churches and Chapells and that he fought thirtie times in battaile against the Moores Hee left his sonne Don Pedro successor in his realme of Arragon Valencia and
occasion did afterward bring to passe for there happened a great excesse in the court of Castille wherevpon ensued the deliuery of the Infantes of Cerde the which notwithstanding was as much displeasing to the King of France who had pursued it as to him to Castille who feared it and auoided it all hee could A most daungerous freedome for them that were deliuered but of the restraint of their persons as shall appeere The King Don Sancho being at Alfaro with the Queene his wife Don Gonçalo Archbishop of Toledo with many other Prelats and Noblemen of his realmes hauing alwaies a desire to retraine and punish the pride of the Earle Don Lope Diaz de Haro and of the Infant D. Iohn his sonne in law who were there present hee sayd vnto them that if they would not remaine both prisoners Quarrels in court where D. Lope Diaz de Haro is slaine they should deliuer vp the forts which they held within the realm whereat the Earl and D. Iohn grew into such choller and rage as beside words of contempt which they vsed they laied their hands vpon their swords before the King their Lord threatning to kill them that should offer to lay hands vpon them and called to their friends for aide but instantly all the Noblemen and Knights there present drew their swords and slue the Earle vpon the place whose right hand was cut off at the first blow this was the reward for the seruice he had done in raysing D. Sancho to the crowne the Infant D. Iohn did hurt D. Sancho Martines de Leyua and Gonçalo Gomes de Mancanedo and made great resistance by reason hee was somewhat spared for that he was the Kings brother but when he saw his father in law slaine hee beganne to flie for safety towards Queene Mary who staied the King that pursued him with the rest from killing him with his owne hand Beeing taken hee was put into a straight prison and fettered in the towne of Logrogno from whence the King went with some troupes to Treuigno and tooke it and after that the castle of Haro Queene Mary remayning at Saint Dominicke de la Calçada shee was visited by the widow of the Earle that was slaine whom the King D. Sancho let vnderstand that her husbands rashnesse had brought him to that desaster aduising her to perswade D. Diego Lopes de Haro her sonne to lay downe armes and not to minister any further occasion of trouble that if he did containe himselfe within the duty of a subiect the King would forget what was past The mother perswads her sonne to reuenge his fathers death and both cherish and honour him as his predecessors had beene honoured This Lady promised to doe her best endeauor for a peace but shee did the contrary for she ceased not to incense her sonne who was full of rage and desire of reuenge so as hee retired into Nauarre with his sister Donna Maria Diaz wife to the Infant D. Iohn who was prisoner where hauing left her he past into Arragon to the King Don Alphonso whether also came Gaston Lord of Bearn who was no lesse desirous to reuenge the death of the Earle his cousin These Noblemen wrought in such sort as the King Don Alphonso King of Arragon sets the Infants of cerde at liberty set Don Alphonso and Don Fernand Infants of Cerde at liberty who had beene detained ten yeeres in the castle of Xatiua and the King sending for them to Iacca hee caused D. Alphonso the elder to take vpon him the titlle of Castile and Leon to whom D. Diego Lopes de Haro did instantly doe homage and acknowledged him for his soueraigne King D. Alphonso de la Cerde saluted for King of Castille The King D. Sancho beeing aduertised of these things was much discontented and sought to dispossesse D. Diego Lopes of al his lands Parting from Victoria whereas the Queene was brought in bed of a sonne who was called D. Henry hee came to Vrdugna the which he tooke and then he forced la Bastida and Ocio in Rioje where they had proclaimed D. Alphonso de la Cerde The King D. Sancho beeing in this perplexity Ambassadors came vnto him from Philip King of France and of Nauarre who concluded an enterview of the two Kings at Bayone Thether also came Ambassadors from Iacob Aben Ioseph King of Maroc to renue the alliances past D. Diego Lopes Gouernor generall of the Moores frontiers brother to the Earle D. Lope Diaz beeing aduertised of his death beganne to grow fearefull and to fortefie himselfe within Carmone and notwithstanding all the promises and assurances which the King D. Sancho could giue him hee could not bee satisfied so as hee was forced to passe into Arragon where his Nephew was who died there sonne after his vncles arriuall wherevpon the Estates of Biscay being without a Lord fel into great combustions The King of Castille sent Don Diego Lopes de Salcedo thether who tooke all the castles and forts of the country except the towre of Vnçuera the which was so well defended by the Lord thereof as all the batteries and assaults which Salcedo could giue could not force it The King D. Sancho beeing much perplexed at these broiles came to Burgos whether he caused the Infant D. Iohn to be brought and put into the castle being confident that he should haue warre with Arragon he sought to fortefie himselfe by Portugal wherefore hauing sent to intreat D. Denis his Nephew for an enterview they met at Sabugal There D. Portugal Sancho demanded aide against the King of Arragon and made a relation vnto the King of Portugal of all that had past betwixt him and his subiects in Castille About that time the king D. Denis had by his wife D. Isabel of Arragon one daughter named D. Constance who was afterwards married to the Infant D. Genealogy of Portugal Fernand of Castille Afterwards the king D. Denis had by her the Infant D. Alphonso who was king of Portugal Others adde a daughter named Isabel. The warre which the Nauarrois had against them of Arragon Nauarre gaue some respight to that betwixt Arragon and Castille for King Philip intertayning strong garrisons of French in Nauarre during the pretensions of Charles of Valois in Cattelogne there was no truce could hold but they were stil at blowes the French and Nauarrois taking from the Arragonois the towne of Sauveterre An. 1290. in the yeere 1289. The yeere following 1290. Queene Iane of France and of Nauarre was brought was brought in bed of a sonne named Lewis who was heire of both realmes and surnamed Hutin This yeere was the entervew betwixt Philip King of France and D. Castille Sancho of Castille at Bayone little fauorable to the Infants of Cerde for the King of France being iealous that they were aided and supported in their quarrels by the King of Arragon whom hee loued not abandoned thē and made a strict leage with him
of Castille yea in such sort according to the Spanish Histories Renenciation reiterated of the right which the Kings of France comming from Saint Lewis haue to castillle as to take away all occasions of quarrell betwixt them he did againe renounce in fauour of D. Sancho all the right hee had to the Realme of Castille The King of Arragon desirous to come to some accord with the French imployed Edward King of England who vsed great dilligence to reconcile them as we will shew After the conference of Bayone the King D. Sancho returning by Guipuscoa he granted priuiledges for the foundation of Tolouse Segure and Villefranche townes in that country 10 During these broiles the inhabitants of Badajos by meanes of a quarrel betwixt two factions reuolted against the King D. Sancho and imbraced the party of D. Alphonso de la Cerde who intituled himselfe King of Castille The Bejarans and Portugalois factions among the inhabitants of Badajos fel to great contention among themselues for that the Portugalois against all right had vsurped many possessions belonging to the Bejarans through the fauour of the King D. Sancho whereof many complaints beeing made by them that were dispossest the King commanded Iustice should bee done them and that they should bee restored to their goods Tumult at Badaâ—os the which beeing decreed they that were in possession would not obey wherefore the Bajarans hauing taken armes and slaine many of their aduersaries and chased the rest out of the towne they recouered their owne in this manner but the excesse and violence which they vsed was such as fearing to bee seuerely punished as they deserued they seized vpon the high towne and beeing fortefied there they proclaimed D. Alphonso King of Castille and Leon. In the beginning the King D. Sancho sent the Maisters of the Knights of Saint Iames Calatraua and Alcantara with the priors of Templers and Saint Iohn who wrought in such sort as they retired the Bejarans from their folly with assurance of their liues but afterwards the King neglecting his faith promised by his Lieutenants caused this people to be cruelly murthered to the number of foure thousand sparing neither women nor children for the which he was iustly blamed There was also an other massacre at Talauera Cruelty of the King D. Sancho for the like faction proclayming Don Alphonso de la Cerde for King of Castille whereas one of the ports of the townes is called at this day Quartos for that there were aboue foure hundred of the chiefe inhabitants slaine there The continuall griefe wherein hee was by reasons of these difficulties both at home and abroad made him to commit these outrages contrarie to all reason the which was no signe of magnanimitie besides that the furies if wee may so say by râ—â—son of his impietie and disobedience towardes his father did pursue him In the yeere of our Lord 1291. An. 1291. Queene Mary was brought in bed of her fourth sonne who was named D. Pedro and the warre being now begonne with Arragon the King D. Sancho came to Cuenca and sent good troupes against D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara who spoiled the countries of Cuenca and Alarcon who were defeated and many Ensignes and Guidons carried to Valencia whereas the king of Arragon and D. Diego Lopes de Haro were these with other discontents made the King of fall into a double Quartane which brought him in danger of his life In the meane time the King of Arragon D. Diego Lopes and D. Iohn Nugnes beeing returned to Albarrazin they did ouerrunne the territories of Molina Siguença Atienâ—a Berlanga and Almacan where they committed great spoiles and carried away a great booty finding no resistance D. Iohn Nugnes was fed with hope to recouer Albarrazin The Queene who was come to Cuenca to see the King her husband sicke wrought meanes to winne Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara whom they had often attempted to draw vnto the Kings seruice but hee trusted him not but now hee was perswaded vpon a promise to giue in marriage to his sonne called also D. Iohn Nugnes D. Isabella the heire of Molina and the Queenes Neece the which was performed but hauing his head euer fraught with iealousie and distrust hee was so easily induced to beleeue any aduertisment as hee was still ready to dislodge so as the King beeing at Palença and discontented with D. Nugnes carriage beganne also to distrust him And for that hee had need of captaines hee drew the Infant Don Iohn his brother out of prison in the yeere of our Lord 1291. to imploy him against his rebels hauing caused him to take a new oth to be faithfull vnto him and to his sonne D. Fernand whose hands hee caused them all to kisse as to the heire of the crowne From Palença hee went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames and by the way reduced vnder his obedience D. Iohn Alphonso d' Albuquerque a knight of great authority in Gallicia who had beene wonne by D. Iohn Nugnes At his returne to Vailledolit he found that his second sonne D. Alphonso was dead The same yeere a peace was concluded betwixt the Kings of France Arragon Naples and Arragon the Ambassadors of these Princes being assembled with the Popes Noncio at Tarascon at the instance of Edward King of England For the King of Arragon came D. Nugnes Mataplane Bishop of Sarragossa Raymond Anglesol Berenger Puchuert William Lunfort and Bernard william Pinelio all Lawiers who treated and agreed vpon these conditions Peace betwixt France and Arragon That the donation made by Pope Martin to Charles of Valois of the realme of Arragon and the appurtenances should bee voide and of no force paying a tribut of thirty ounces of gold yeerely to the Church of Rome That the Island of Majorca should bee restored to the lawfull Lord vpon condition that hee should acknowledge the King of Arragon for his soueraigne That the Arragonois should depart out of the Island of Sicile and leaue the free possession vnto Charles King of Naples That D. Alphonso King of Arragon should bee at Rome on Whitsonday that present yeere lead an army against the Infidels That he should perswade his brother D. Iames and his mother D. Constance to quit the realm of Sicile or else to make war against them These were the principall Articles of this peace the which the Arragonois held infamous accusing their King of impiety towards his mother and treason to his brother yet it was concluded and signed And for the confirmation thereof the bishop of Sarragossa and Berenger Puchuert went to Rome Some doubt whether the full conclusion thereof were made during the life of King D. Alphonso or at the entrance of the King D. Iames for D. Alphonso died about this treaty as hee made preparation to marry the daughter of Edward King of England called Leonara yet it is likely this peace was made in the life time of King D. Alphonso yea some Authors affirme that
King Charles the Limping and he met in the valley of Iunquera either of them beeing accompanied with twelue gentlemen onely who carried no other armes then their swords and that there they ratefied and signed this accord as for the effects and execution thereof it is credible they followed in the time of his successor King D. Alphonso died in the seuen twentith yeere of his age hauing raigned fiue yeeres and seuen monthes Being nere his end he would bee attired in the habit of Saint Francis for an opinioâ— which raigned then that there consisted some great vertue in that weed and so hee was carried to the conuent of Franciscans at Barcelona About that time the King of Granado Moores had conference with the gouernor of the frontier of Castille for the King D. Sancho being called D. Fernand Perez Ponce de Leon and renued the treaty ad league with Castille for the cofirmation whereof there was a Moorish knight sent to the King to Burgos Isoeph Aben Iacob had succeeded his father Iacob Aben Ioseph in the realme of Maroc since the yeere of our Lord 1285. he hauing raigned fiue and twenty yeeres with the reputation of a generous Prince and a good Iusticer This yeere he past into Spaine and came to besiege Bejar but hee could not take it wherefore he returned into Affrike with little honour Meaning to returne some time after into Spaine with greater forces he could not passe beeing stayed by the fleete of Castille which was great and mighty for feare whereof he stayed vpon the bankes of Tanger for Benoist Zachary Admiral of Castille had taken thirteene galleys from him by fauour of which victory the King D. Sancho marcht into Andalousia to make an enterprise vpon Tarriffe By the way he conferred with D. Denis King of Portugal made a new league with Castille him and a future marriage was concluded betwixt D. Fernand of Castille and D. Constance of Portugal who were both very young And for the fulfilling of all promises in due time there were townes and castles deliuered in pawne of either side yet the King D. Sancho had no aide from him of Portugal in this expedition Being come to Seuile and hauing their ordained what was needful for the siege Tariffe was battred and furiously assaulted Tariffe taken by the Casillans and in the end taken the gard whereof was giuen to D. Roderigo maister of the Calatraua A little before a marriage had beene treated of by Ambassadors betwixt Don Iames the new King of Arragon and the Infant D. Isabel of Castille daughter to D. Sancho beeing onely nine yeeres old For confirmation whereof pacification of the troubles and other alliances the two Kings of Castille and Arragon met together in Calatajub in the yeere of our Lord 1292. An. 1292. but the marriage tooke no effect For as much as D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara the elder continued still to trouble the realm the King D. Sancho hauing taken Canette and Moya from him hee forced him to retire into France whether Ambassadors were sent soone after to renue the league with King Philip Don Sancho fearing that by some sinister reports hee might bee diuerted from his friendship Don Iohn Nugnes beeing absent Don Isabel of Molina his daughter in law died without any children whose inheritance fell to the Queene Donna Maria her aunt The Infant D. Iohn carrying still a hatred in heart against the King his brother rebelled againe ioyning with Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara the younger and drawing vnto his partie many Knights but the King pursued them in such sort as D. Iohn de Lara was forced to yeeld vnto his mercy and the Infant to flie into Portugal 11 About that time D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman liued in great reputation in Spaine beeing a wise and valiant Knight who had long serued the Miralmumin Aben Iacob of Maroc and his father leading their armies in qualitie of Lieutenant generall in the warres which they had against the other Moores of Affrike where hee had wonne honour and great riches with the which being returned into Spaine he purchased much land and great Seigneuries This knight and Donna Marra Alonço Cornel gaue beginning to the family of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia famous in our time in Spaine the Lords whereof in the begâ—inning intituled themselues Earles of Niebla Beginning of 〈◊〉 of Guzman and Dukes of Medina Sidonia To this D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman the King D. Sancho gaue the gouernment of Tariffe the which hee promised to keepe safely with lesse charge by two third parts then the Maister of the Calatraua had done The Earle Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara hauing continued some time in France had meanes to make his peace with the King and so returned into Castille where they did presentlie imploy him against the Infant Don Iohn of Castille and Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque who with many other of their confederates spoiled the whole countrie of Leon but in an incounter hee was defeated and taken afterwards beeing but slieghtly garded hee found meanes to escape and came to the court at Toro whereas Queene Mary was deliuered of D. Beatrix her daughter in the yeere of our Lord 1293. An. 1293. The King Don Sancho beeing aduertised that Mahumet Mâ—r Almus Lemi King of Granado was like to make some attempt hee sent the Earle Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara with Don Iohn Nugnes his sone and Don Nugno Gonçales vnto the fronter The Earle of Lara the father beeing come to Cordoua died This motion of the Granadin Moore was but an idle brute wherefore the troupes returned And for that Don Denis King of Portugall died receiue the Infant Don Iohn of Castille and the other rebelles the King D. Sancho sent him word that according to their capitulations hee could not giue any retreat vnto his enemies and therefore he intreated him to cause them to depart his Countrie with all speed the which he did The Infant D. Iohn going to sea meaning to passe into France was driuen by a storme to Tanger from whence hee went to kisse the hands of the Miralmumin Aben Iacob who entertained him courteously and hauing conferred with him of the affaires of Spaine D. Iohn of Castille brings the Moores into Spaine against the King his brother knowing that he was desirous to annoy the King of Castille his brother hee offred him fiue thousand horse to make the enterprise of Tariffe the which D. Iohn did willingly accept returned into Spaine and besieged Tariffe thinking to finde it vnfurnished but D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman had wisely prouided and defended it valiantly It is not knowne by what accident a sonne of D. Alphonso Perez was fallne into the Moores hands but some Authors write that D. Iohn seeing there was no meanes to take this place by force hauing demaunded a parle hee led this child vnto the ditch and told the father who was vpon the walles that if hee did not
betwixt Don Diego Lopes de Haro and Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara was suspect vnto the king he sought in the meane time to breede and stirre vp some iealousie and diuision betwixt them gratifying Don Diego in many things making his Sonne Don Lopes Diaz de Haro Lord Steward of his house but it was not possible to diuide them neither could Don Diego by any meanes bring Don Iohn Nugnes in fauour with the king who was resolued to make warre against him against the opinion of the Queene his mother and all his Councell so as hee was forced and constrained to dislodge hastily in the night from Aranda of Duero and came to Don Diego Lopes and his sonne who altogether made a league and confederacie against the king Whereuppon there were many enterprises and incounters without any great effect so as beeing returned to Aranda and the king not able to draw Diego from that partie there was a day appointed to meet at Cerezo and in the meane time a truce was made There Don Alphonso Perez de Guzman who did negotiate for the king preuailed so with them of the league and the Queen-mother with the king D. Fernand her son who atattended the resolution of this assembly in the towne of Pancoruo that all these that is to say the Lords of Haro father and sonne and D. Iohn Nugnes should remaine his seruants and he receiued them into grace yeelding vnto them all they were wont to enioy and they for a gage of their faith deliuered some places in pawne Don Iohn of Castile who pursued the Seigneurie of Biscay was not pleased with this accord wherefore he did presse the king to haue the sentence giuen by him in fauour of D. Maria Diaz his wife put in execution wherewith the king was much troubled and both he the Queene and others of the Councell sought by all meanes to agree these parties contending who were resolued to go to armes to preuent the which the king made many great offers vnto Don Diego Lopes the which he refused but afterwards he repented it often There was so great labouring for a peace and especially by the Queene-mother as in the end they yeelded to this composition That Don Diego Lopes should during his life enioy the Segneurie of Biscay and lands belonging thereunto and that after his decease the possession should be giuen to Don Iohn and to D. Maria his wife or to their heires except Vrdugna Val de Balmeseda and S. Olalla which three places should remaine to Don Lope Diaz de Haro sonne to D. Diego to whom moreouer the king should giue for the entertayning of this peace Miranda of Ebro and Vilalua of Losa D. Diego Lopes yeelded to these conditions to please the king though vnwillingly The troubles and seditions wherewith the Realme of Castile was afflicted at that time Miserable Estate of Castile was a plague which humane policie could not preuent for when as one fire was quenched another was suddenly kindled so as these miseries continuing men perished the treasures were wasted and Christians ruined one another in these cuill warres giuing meanes and leysure to the Moores of Granado to assure their Estates who furnished themselues with such store of munition and built so many forts towers and castels vppon the sea coast as they maintained themselues for many yeres against all the attempts of their enemies D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara was not pleased to see an accord made betwixt D. Diego Lopes and the Infant D. Iohn of Castille wherefore he retired from Court and fortified himselfe in Tordehumos where he was beseeged by the king but in the end the King was forced to giue him Moja and Cagnette and to receiue him againe into fauour seeing his vncle D. Iohn to hinder the seege vnder-hand caused the Knights to disband yet for all this they liued not long in peace for all these seditious men although they had many quarrels among themselues yet they agreed in this point to keepe the Realme in perpetuall combustion The Infant D. Iohn and D. Iohn Nugnes did afterwards make a league against the king vppon a false aduertisement that the king meant to kill them whereupon they troubled the State againe so as they had great difficulty to retire the Infant D. Iohn from this enterprize but as for D. Iohn Nugnes he continued in his rebellion and would not come to the Estates held at Burgos where there was question to treate of the kings patrimony and the reuenues of the Crowne which were greatly impaired Mahumet Aben Alhamar the third king of Granado THe Moores as I haue sayd during these garboiles Granado did fortifie themselues in Granado ouer whom raigned Mahumet Aben Alhamar the third king and third of that name by the decease of his father Mahumet Myr who at his death had left two sonnes the which raigned one after another and one daughter The younger was called Mahumet Aben-Nacar Aben-Lemin Abeadille King Mahumet during his raigne was blind by an accident his sister was married to a great kinght a Moore called Ferrachen Arraez or Captaine of Malaga who was alwaies much esteemed by the king and honoured for his vertue This Ferrachen vsurped the towne of Ceuta in Affrick and did great exploits both by sea and land He had many children by his wife who was Infant of Granado among the which were Ismael and Mahumet who raigned in Granado as we will hereafter shew This king Mahumet Aben Alhamar being blind had from his entrance continued the war by his captaines against the Christians the which had been begun in his fathers life time and tooke Bethmar and other places during the broyles in Castile Wherefore for a time he exempted himselfe of the tribute which his predecessours had payed to the kings of Castile but the king Don Fernand in the yeare 1304. hauing as hath beene sayd renewed their League and sent Fernand Gomez of Toledo his Chancelor with a Iew called Samuel to Granado to demand the tribute where they treated a truce with Mahumet whereat Mahumet was well pleased and they did agree that either should enioy the places which they had taken one from another that is the king of Castile Tariffe and the king of Granado Alcandete Quesada Bedmar and others and that the yearely tribute should be payed to the king of Castile Which Articles were signed by king Mahumet and the Ambassadors and afterwards confirmed by the king D. Fernand in the citty of Cordoua whether was sent to that end from the king of Granado an Alfagui called Mahumet This truce continued about foure yeares during the which the Moores were carefull to furnish their countrie with all things necessary to repell the inuasions of their forraine enemies yet had they troubles among themselues for Mahumet beeing growne contemptible among his subiects by reason of his blindnesse Aborrabe an audacious Moore who was Gouernour of Almery began to tyrannize and to vsurpe the title of King and although he were chased
Haro slaine at Alfaro During this warre D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman died also in an incounter against the Moores beeing shot through with an arrow hee lest one sonne and heire Don Iohn Alphonso de Guzman Lord of Saint Lucar These losses were increased by the retreat of Don Iohn of Castille who carried many knights away with him the which did much weaken the army wherefore the King resolued to agree and receiued the sum of gold aboue mentioned with the places of Quesada Bedmar Quadros and Chungin Thus Algezire was deliuered and a truce made betwixt the Realmes of Castille and Granado but when as the King D. Fernand found himselfe seized of these townes and of a good summe of money hee did not much care to maintaine that which hee had promised but sent Don Pedro his brother with the rest of the army to the casile of Tempul neere to Algezire the which he tooke and then returned to Seuille where D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara was newly arriued out of France from Pope Clement of whom he had obtained permission for the King to take the tithes for the warres against the Moores King Mahumet the Blinde was soone after deposed by his own brother Mahumet Azar Aben Lemin The King of Granado deposed being fauored by many great men Moores who were discontented to be gouerned by a blinde King who could not lead them to the warres in person He was taken and dispossessed in the yeere 1309. hauing raigned seuen yeeres the six hundred ninty and two of the Arabians As for the siege of Almery Arragon it was nothing fortunat for the Arragonois who were beaten both by the succors that were sent from Granado and by the besieged which sallied out vpon them so as they lost many good knights and valiant souldiar Such was the religious duty of vassals to their Lords and of subiects to their Prince so holy and inviolable the military discipline in those daies that Martin Ximenes of Ayuar holding a fee of Symon Perez of Arenos slaine in that warre was accused of felony for that he had not succored his Lord in fight but he prooued his alibi and that he was not in that incounter and D. Pedro Martines de Luna being accused of the like crime purged himselfe by oth before the King and Noblemen that he was not at the charge whereas Symon Perez had beene slaine D. Fernand Infant of Majorca was at this siege where he gaue great proofes of his valour Some Authors make mention of memorable exploits done about that time in Grece by some troupes of Arragonois and Cattelans the which we may not omit It happened about the yeere 1302. that in Italy betwixt Charles the Limping King of Naples and D. Frederic of Arragon holding the Island of Sicile contrary to the treaty of peace made at Tarascon after many routs giuen and receiued of either part there was an accord made by the meanes of Charles of Valois and others the conditions were That D. Frederic should enioy the realme of Sicile during his life the which after his death should returne to King Charles of Naples or to his successors That the Princes treating this peace and hauing interest therein should bee a meanes that the Island of Corsica and Sardinia should be giuen to D. Frederic and his descendants The townes taken by the Arragonois and Cattelans on this side the straight should bee yeelded vp The Mediators should bee sutors that the interdict of Sicile should be discharged and the prisoners should be deliuered amongst the which was Philip Prince of Tarentum sonne to Charles and Gautier Earle of Brenne which accord was ratefied by Pope Boniface Tribut imposed by the Pope vpon the realm of Sicile who imposed a tribut of fifteene thousand florins of gold vpon the realme of Sicile paiable yeerely vnto the church of Rome Vpon the conclusion of this peace the captaines and souldiers of either part retired into other countries Roger de Loria who had beene in great reputation to bee â—n excellent sea captaine yea the best of his age retired himselfe into Spaine where he died in the city of Valencia in the yeere 1305. and left an honorable posterity About foure thousand Cattelans and Arragonois and amongst them some Sicilians sayled towards Greece vnder the command of Roger Florio Cattelans and Arragonois in Greece and Thrace Berenger Entenza an Arragonois and others to serue the Emperor Andronicus Paleologus then raigning whose sonne Michel Paleologus slue Roger Florio in treason at Adrianople a man of valour of a Germain race but borne at Brindisi much lamented wherevpon the troupes of Cattelans and Arragonois did choose for their General Berenger Entenza being commanded vnder him by Fernand of Ahones Corbaran of Leet Bernard of Rochfort Raymond of Montanero William Sichar Symon Albert and others Being mutined by reason of these Grecian Princes they fortified themselues vpon the straight of Calipoli and there made warre with all violence against the Emperor Andronicus Grecians defeated by the Cattelans and cut in peeces Caio Iean one of his children with foure hundred horse which were sent against them at a place called Pont Roial six miles from Constantinople But soone after Berenger Entenza beeing incountred at sea and taken by Edward de Oria was carried prisoner to Pera and from thence to Trebysonde yet the rest of his army held the fort of Calipoli stil. The strength of this army consisted in two thousand fiue hundred horse at the most who being led by Bernard of Rochfort who was chosen their head after the taking of Entenza gaue a notable defeat to Michel Paleologus sonne to Andronicus who had with him all the Cauallarie of Constantinople neere to the towne of Apros in Thrace so as Michel being wounded was forced to saue himselfe by flight and shut himselfe into Adrianopoli whereas the Cattelans beseeged him long Their fort of Calipoli being afterwards assailed by Andriol Moro who led Theodore Paleologus Marquis of Montferrat into Italy with an army was so well defended as there were aboue sixe hundred with their commander Andriol slaine there Yet necessity in the meane time did consume these Cattelan troupes being in an enemies countrie few in number and farre from all succors so as finding themselues in extreame despaire D. Fernand Infant of Majorca arriued happely being sent by D. Frederic King of Sicile to giue them some releefe Then was Berenger Entenza returned from prison who seeking to resume his authority of captaine generall against Bernard of Rochfort there grew such a quarrel betwixt them and their partisans as Entenza was slaine wherefore the Infant of Majorcca detesting so rash and mutinous an army left them and thinking to returne into Sicile fell vpon the Isle of Negrepont where hee was staied and carried prisoner to Saint Omer a fort of Athens being put into the hands of Gaultier of Brenne ruling in that country Soone after Bernard of Rochfort and Albert his
brother commanding the Cattelans at Calipoli suffred themselues to bee surprized by the Gouernor of Negrepont called Thibaâ—d of Sipoise who deliuered them to Robert King of Naples who caused them to die in prison by reason whereof the Cattelan troupes beganne to ouerrunne the country like made men without commanders and without order and falling vpon the country of Macedonie which was nere they past through it like a lightning ouerthrowing all they incountred vntill they came into the territorie of Athens whereas the French commanded staying there they demaunded to bee entertained in pay by Duke Gaultier but hee desirous rather to chase away this vagabond people who were poore and insolent The French deseated by the Cattelans in Greece and Gaultier of Brenne slaine went to incounter them with his forces to fight with them by whom notwithstanding hee was defeated and slaine and almost all his men By this victory the Cattelans made themselues Maisters of all that the French held in that country and lodged themselues there whereas since they had many commanders successiuely as D. Manfroy son to D. Frederic King of Sicile then D. Frederic Alphonso his brother who remained Gouernor there and married the daughter of Boniface of Verona a Nobleman of great power in Negrepont with others from thence is come the title of Dukes of Athens to the Princes of Arragon D. Fernand Infant of Majorca being deliuered out of prison through the fauour of Robert King of Naples Genealogie of Maiorca his kinsman married Isabel the heire of Morea by whom he had D. Iames who was King of Majorca after D. Sancho his vncle hee tooke Clarence and made many other conquests in Morea D. Fernand to to his second wife married a Princesse of Cypres of whom Fernand was borne who was husband to Eschiue daughter to Hugues King of Cypres After this second marriage and the birth of this sonne D. Fernand of Majorca Prince of Morea hauing performed great matters both in the East and West died in the floure of his age about the yeere of our Lord 1315. so as the affaires of the Arragonois in that countrie went to ruine He was the third sonne of D. Iames King of Majorca the first of that name whose posterity we haue gathered out of histories after this manner He had by his wife Esclermonde of Foix Iames his eldest sonne who being wholy giuen to deuotion left the succession of the realme to his yonger brother and became a Franciscan friar D. Sancho the second sonne was King after the father in the yeere of our Lord 1312. who hauing married the daughter of Charles the second King of Naples named Marie had no children by her wherefore dying hee left the Realme of Majorca to Don Iames sonne to his brother D. Fernand aboue named Of this first stemme of Majorca wee finde there issued these three sonnes D. Iames D. Sancho and D. Fernand and one daughter named D. Sancha married to Robert Duke of Calabria to the which some adde D. Philip the fourth sonne But returning to Spaine Nauarre we finde that about the time of these last wars of Granado whereof wee haue newly made mention or soone after the Nauarrois renued their old quarrels against them of Arragon to whom notwithstanding any accords they were neuer good friends so as going out of Pitiella a place then of the Kingdome of Nauarre they entred the neighbour country of Arragon and committed great spoiles whereat D. Iames King of Arragon being incensed hee sent an army to beseege that place but they were dislodged by the Inhabitants of Sanguesse a frontire towne of Nauarre being assisted by some French troupes Arragonois defeated who fought with them and they were defeated The Arragonois being returned againe into Nauarre and hauing runne as farre as the towne of Olite and forraged the country they were againe charged by them of Sanguesse and other neighbor places being ready to passe the riuer of Arragon at the ford of Saint Adrian and were there defeated with great slaughter of their men and the losse of the Standard royal of Arragon which they of Sanguesse carried away by reason whereof and in remembrance of their vertue and valour they carry for their armes by grant from King Lewis Hutin the bands gueules of Arragon but in a field argent 26 In the yeere of our Lord 1312. An. 1312. were the troubles of Lions vpon Rhosne Troubles at Lions betwixt the Inhabitants of the towne and their Archbishop Peter of Bresse by reason that he did vsurpe vpon the Kings Iustice King Philip sent his sonne the King of Nauarre thether who tooke this Prelat prisoner and sent him to the King his father for which cause and for that he durst presume to lay his hands vpon an Archbishop he was called Hutin or mutin as some say The citizens of Lion beeing pacefied they mutined againe by reason of the differences which they had with their Archbishop but they were supprest and punished by the same King of Nauar and reduced vnder the King his fathers obedience It was at that time that Marguerite Queene of Nauar the Countesse Ieanne of Poictiers Blanche of la Marche who had married the three brethren of France Lewis Hutin Philip and Charles were accused of adultry put in prison at Chasteau Gaillard of the which the Countesse Ieanne of Poictiers was found innocent and absolued but Marguerite Queene of Nauar and the Contesse Blanch being conuicted were condemned to perpetual prison whereas Marguerite died soone after the adulterers were put to death with cruel torments the which were Philip and Gaulter of Aâ—noy brethren An vsher of the chamber who serued as baud and messenger of their loues was hanged It is reported of this Queene of Nauar that seeing any faire yong man passe by shee caused him to be taken brought secretly at night into her chamber that after she had taken her dishonest pleasure with him she caused him to bee cast into the riuer of Seyne to the end hee should not vaunt thereof the which was discouered by a scholler who saued himselfe by swimming being not wel bound Thereof grew that ambiguous sentence Reginam interficere nolite timere bonum est This vnchastnesse is attributed by some to Ieanne mother to Lewis Hutin Queene of Nauarre who was a scourge to the Flemings and the cause of al the wars betwixt the King and them The king D. Fernand about the end of the war of Granado Castille gaue order for the building of Sauveterre and Azpeity in Guipuscoa granting then the rights preuiledges of Victoria he married his daughter Isabel to Duke Iohn of Brittaine and made D. Iohn Manuel of Castille sonne to D. Manuel Lord Steward of his house taking that dignity from his brother D. Pedro to whom in recompence he gaue Almaçan and Berlanga whereby it appeeres that these offices depended on the kings pleasure This D. Iohn Manuel had two daughters
the gouernment it should be common betwixt them two as it seemed the Estates of Palence had thought fit wherewith the Queene D. Maria seemed wel pleased for at the least shee got by this accord that the Kings person was deliuered vnto her whom she led to Toro An. 1314. in the yeere 1314. where she caused him to be bred vp vnder the care of a noble Lady grand-child to Theodore Lascari sometimes Emperor of Greece her name was Vataça An other assembly of the Estates was called at Burgos where it was decreed that the gouernment of the King and the regency of the realme should be reduced al into one body betwixt Queene Mary D. Pedro and D. Iohn and if any one of them should die Death of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara it should remaine to the two others that did suruiue and to one if two died There was an order set downe for the augmenting of the reuenues of the crowne with many other decrees for the good of the King and realme D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara died then being come to the assembly of the Estates and left no children The Estates being ended D. Pedro came into Andalusia Moores to assist Mahumet Aben-Azar who held Guadix being depriued of the realme of Granado leauing the Queene D. Maria and the Infant D. Iohn to gouerne in Castille D. Pedro had an incounter vpon the frontiers with the Moores whereas he slue a thousand fiue hundreth and did afterwards take from them the castle of Cambil and Ardauados Mahumet Aben-Azar caused himselfe to bee stil called King of Granado notwithstanding that hee had promised to leaue this title Ismael but this victory of D. Pedros freed him hauing in his company the maisters of the knights of Saint Iames and Calatraua They write that among the Moores which were slaine vpon the place there were aboue forty captaines and almost al the floure of Granado so as King Ismael found himselfe much weakened wherefore D. Pedro and his captaines both this yeere An. 1315. which was in the yeere of our Lord 1315. and the next following made many courses and enterprises in the territory of Granado spoyling the vignes and fields euen vnto the city gate King Ismael making no resistance in field nor any pursuite when as they retired charged with spoiles After this the King of the Moores hauing tried to besiege Gibraltar hee was repulst and forced to retire with shame by D. Pedros army the which surprized the towne of Belmes which was ill garded and then forced the Moores of the castle to yeeld at which siege they lay three weekes and yet no succours came from Granado being but eight small leagues from thence but too late after the yeelding which succours returned notwithstanding without fighting During this warre Ismael laboured to haue a truce or to make an accord with the Christians but D. Pedro would not harken to it desyring to roote that race of Infidels out of Spaine whereof hee seemed to bee in a good way and in great hope wherefore they anoyed one an other all they could but King Ismael seeing that in the end he should not be able to subsist he sent to solicite the King of Maroc for the community that was betwixt them in sect and nation to aide him to defend the realme of Granado against the Christians the which beeing lost hee must not thinke that euer the Arabians should haue any accesse or entry into Europe for assurance of which Affrican Kings armies he not onely offred Algezire but also al the places which are from Algezire vnto Ronde inclusiuely Ronde Castellar Axuneua Estepona Marbela and others 29 Whilest that Christian Princes made warre against Infidels the Clergy and pillers of the Romish Church were not well vnited amongst themselues After the death of Pope Clement the fifth the Cardinals beeing assembled at Carpentras for the election of a new Pope they grew into so great a fury as two of them were murthered in the Conclaue the rest disbanded and were dispersed throughout France abandoning all seeing there was no meanes to accord them King Lewis Hutin who liued then was very carefull to pacefie this scandale causing them all to come to Lions where they held their conclaue in the conuent of Iacobins where after his death there was chosen by two and twenty Cardinals Iames of Oça Cardinal of Saint Ruffinus Sarragosse and Tolousa made Archbishopriks Bishop of Portuense borne at Cahors who was called Iohn the two and twentith This Pope made Sarragossa an Archbishoprike and likewise Tolouse and erected Cahors the place of his brith to a Bishoprike Philip the long the second of that name the seuen and twentith King of Nauarre 30 IT was in the yeere of our Lord 1315. that Philip the long came to the crowne of France and Nauarre Nauarre at whose entrance they beganne to dispute of the law Salique for many Noblemen were of opinion that Iohn Posthumus the sonne of King Lewis Hutin being dead the realmes of France and Nauarre did belong by right of succession to Ieanne of France his daughter by Marguerite of Bourgongne Those which held this partie were Eude Duke of Bourgongne Lewis Earle of Neuers Himbert Daulphin of Viennois and other of their faction but Philip who for the diuersity of opinions and interpretations feared that the law Salique did not extend to the succession of Kingdomes and that possibly his right was not grounded thereon contrary to the custome receiued in all other nations and especially in Nauarre whereof he pretended to disapoint Ieanne the heire thereof as well as of the crowne of France hauing also many noblemen which fauoured him hee wonne his cause by meanes of greater efficacy then disputes and allegations of rights for hee gaue Ieanne his eldest daughter in marriage to the Duke of Bourgongne and for doury the countie of Bourgongne her patrimonie To the Earle of Neuers his second called Marguerite and Marie the third to the Daulphin in this manner hee stopt their mouthes and made them consent with the rest recoyling Ieanne his Neece not onely from the crowne of France but also from the Realme of Nauarre which was not to bee questioned with Force and authority preuailed in this point besides this Princesse was not gratious with the French by reason of her mothers fault The Nauarrois followed the authority of the French because they could not withstand it and receiued Philip the long for their King that yeere 1315. The Kings Tutors Castile and the Gouernors of the realme of Castille were required by the Estates in an assembly made at Carrion to giue caution for their gouernment and to giue an account what they had done Don Pedro obtained liberty from the Pope to receiue the tithes and to proclaime a Croisadoe against the Moores against whom hee made violent and succesfull warre as hath beene sayd whereof his fellow Tutor was enuious and gaue him many crosses to draw him into daunger of
Don Iohn the blind sent many Knights thither to whom the bodie was deliuered and they were accompanied to the first towne of the Christians then they tooke their way to Cordoua from thence it was trasported to Burgos whither they had carried D. Pedro and there they were interred By this vnexpected victorie the affaires of Ismael king of Granado grew in reputation and force recouering many places which had beene lost before Don Iohn Manuel the sonne of D. Manuel of Castile maintaining the warre against the Moores Towards Murcia Ismael tooke Huescar Ores and Galere places belonging to the Order of Saint Iames and returning towards Andalusia he beseeged Martos and tooke it by force commanding them to kill all they found aliue in it yet most of them saued themselues in the fort and defended it against the Moores who lost many of their best men and among others a Nephew to Ozmin the which gaue great occasion of murmure against king Ismael for that he did so hazard his Nobility in these dangerous assaults In this estate stood the warre of Granado the which was ended with them fo Andalusia vpon king Ismaels returne to Granado vpon condition that the Castillans being ready to chuse new tutors for the yong king D. Alphonso should not receiue nor acknowledge any but that should confirme this truce During these alterations Castile the Q. D. Maria was gone into Portugal where she had conference with her son-in-law D. Alphonso Infant of Portugal at Font dAugilero a Bourg of Cite Roderigo froÌ„ thence was returned with the yong K. of Castile to Toro where she had newes of the moserable end of D. Pedro and D. Iohn whereupon she made present dispatches to all the chiefe townes of the realme and to the Noblemen aduertising them of this disaster and exhorting them to continue faithfull vnto the king her grand-child and not to receiue commandement from any but from him or them that should bee appointed by the Estates for she feared D. Iohn Manuel who was rich and mighty an desirous of innouations would seeke to attaine to the Regencie of the king and Realme and saw on the other side that D. Iohn the blind had the like ambition against whom the Q. opposed D. Philip her son Tumults in Castile for the gouernement but as the most certaine Authors say D. Alphonso vncle to the king D. Alphonso All these Noblemen being well followed and keeping the field with good troupes of soldiers they wre ready to ioyne in battell neere vnto Auila the which was preuented by D. Iohn Manuel The Infant D. Fernand de la Cerde who was Lord Steward to the king was an actor in these ciuill seditions so as the realmes of Castile Leon and their appurtenances were full of all excesse violence and insolencies the which continued long notwithstanding that the Estates had chosen for tutors D. Philip or Don Alphonso D. Iohn Manuel An. 1320. and D. Iohn the blind in the yeare 1320. In the meane time the K. D. Alphonso to make his name more reuerent amongst his subiects granted certaine priuiledges vnto townes and among others to wall in a Bourg called Renteria the which was named Villanoua of Ojarçum in Guipuscoa and gaue it the title of a town the priuiledges of S. Sebastian from whence it is but a league distant The Infant D. Philip or Alphonso sware the truce made betwixt the king of Granado and them of Andalusia wherein the Cittie of Cordoua was comprehended for that they had giuen their voice for the gouernement of the King to Don Iohn Manuel against whome King Ismael was incensed This yeare D. Iohn Infant of Arragon son to the king D. Iames the 2. was consecrated Archb. of Toledo in the towne of Lerida in Cattelogne in stead of D. Gonçales deceased many Prelates beeing present and namely D. Ximenes de Luna Arch-bishop of Tarragone and Don Pedro de Luna first Arch-bishop of Saragossa erected to that dignitie in the yeare 1318. by Pope Iohn the 22. ouer the Bishops of Pampelona Calahorra Calçada Tarassone Huesca Segobia and Albarazin These two Arch-bishops of Tarragone and Saragossa did watch if the new Arch-bishop of Toledo as Primate of Spaine would march through their Dioceses with his crosse before him to the end they might oppose themselues by vertue of a certaine Constitution made at the Councell of Tarragone and so it happened whereupon the Arch-bishop of Toledo and all his followers were excommunicated by them for entring into their Iurisdictions which censure and excommunication was published by him of Sarragossa whereat the King Don Iames was much offended and did write vnto the Pope making great complaints of this manner of proceeding but being afterwards perswaded that it was done to maintaine the dignity of the Churches of his Realme he was pacified The Primate appealed from their sentences and proceeded against them The Pope calling the deciding of this question to the Apostolicke sea absolued the Arch-bishop of Toledo in the meane time and gaue him facultie to absolue his followers and seruants He was the seuen and fiftieth Arch-bishop of this sea Primate of Spaine At the same time Arragon Order of Montesa or litle before the king of Arragon had giuen to the knights of Monteça the towne and castell of Monteça wherof this Order carries the name the first Master was William of Errill who tooke the white habite of Galatraua in the yeare 1319. in the Monasterie of Santa Cruz from the hands of the Commander of Alcaniz These knights had some yeares after facultie to leaue the habite of Cisteaux and in stead thereof to carrie a redde crosse vpon their brests granted by Pope Benedict the thirteenth and confirmed by Pope Martin the fifth The King D. Iames by the aduice of his Estates held at Tarragone did make a perpetuall vnion of the Realmes of Arragon and Valencia and the principalitie of Cattelogne the which from that time should not for any occasion be dis-united In which assembly Vnion perpetuall 〈◊〉 Estates of 〈◊〉 Vaâ—encia and Caâ—â—eâ—ogne the Infant Don Iames the eldest and heire to the Crown beeing readie to marrie D. Leonora of Castile suddenly by a strange affection quitting both his wife and so goodly a succession as that of the Realme of Arragon told the king his father that he had made a vow neither to marrie nor to raigne so as notwithstanding all the perswasions of the king and Noblemen he quit his birth-right to his brother D. Alphonso after the example of Esau. Beeing there set at liberty by the king he discharged the Estates of the oath they had made vnto him and presently put on the habite of the Knights of Ierusalem Iames heire of Arragon quits his inheritance the which he receiued by the hands of Bernard Solier in the presence of his brother Don Iohn Arch-bishop of Toledo Don Symon of Luna Arch-bishop of Tarragone Berenger Bishop of Vic and Raymond of
accorded at his comming to the Estates 4 Bry and Champaigne hereditarie to the House of Nauarre 5 The family of Beaumont in Naurarre 6 D. Alphonso the fourth of that name King of Portugall 7 Murther of D. Iohn the Blind Prince of Castile by the commandement of King Don Alphonso the 12. King of Castile 8 D. Alphonso the 4. of that name King of Portugal 9 Disordered affections of Don Alphonso King of Castile the Kings trenheries enuie of Courtiers murthers and massacres 10 Loue of the king D. Alphonso with D. Leonora of Guzman 11 Ancient custome in choosing the Lords of Alaua to gouerne the country vnder the Soueraigntie of Castile abolished and the vnion of that Prouince 12 Order of the Knights of the band instituted by the king D. Alphonso their lawes and orders 13 Continuance of the kings of Maroc in Affricke exploits of warre betwixt the Christians and the Moores 14 The children of D. Alphonso King of Castile of diuerse conditions Troubles and poursuits of Rebels 15 Estate of Nauarre warre betwixt the Castillans and Nauarrois 16 Estate of Arragon warre against the Sardes and the Geneuots their allies 17 D. Pedro the fourth of that name and 13. King of Arragon 18 Troubles in Castile cruelties of King D. Alphonso the twelfth 19 Warre of the Moores against Castile whereof followed the famous battell of Salado 20 Disposition of D. Pedro king of Arragon his hatred against Don Iames king of Maiorca his kinsman 21 Continuance of the warre betwixt Castile and Arragon 22 Estate of Nauarre the voyage of King Philip of Eureux into Andalusia and his death 23 Seege of Algezire and the taking thereof 24 Vniust persecution of D. Iames king of Maiorca by D. Pedro king of Arragon 25 Donation of the Ilands of the Canaries to Don Lewis de la Cerde by Pope Clement the sixth 26 Marriages of D. Pedro the fourth king of Arragon Seditions and rebellions of his subiects for the succession and how he subâ—â—â—â— sarragossa and Valencia 27 Politicke acts of Don Alphonso king of Castile Estates held in Castile Continuance of the royall Families of Spayne whereof mention is made in this 14. Booke NAVARRE 28 Charles the Faire 29 Philip of Eureux by reason of Ieanne his wife daughter to Lewis Hutin ARRAGON 12 D. Alphonso 4. 13 D. Pedro 4. PORTVGAL 7. D. Alphonso 4. Charles the Faire the first of that name and eight and twentith King of Nauarre TO King Philip being dead at Fontainbleau without heires male succeeded in the yeere of our Lord 1321. his brother Charles the Faire in the two Realmes of France and Nauarre to the preiudice of his Neece Ieanne the lawfull heire of Nauarre Charles when hee was farre from these successions had put away Blanche his wife being conuicted of adultery as hath beene sayd whose life was saued for that the marriage might bee dissolued without death by the Popes authority for that there was betwixt the husband and the wife a spiritual alliance which had made the marriage vnlawfull so as by consequent there was no adultery but simple fornication for that Charles the Faire was Godfather to Blanche Wherefore hee tooke to his second wife the daughter of Henry of Luxembourg Emperor and sister to Iohn King of Bohemia Marriage of King Charles the first hauing first demaunded in marriage Donna Violant of Arragon daughter to the King D. Iames the second but could not obtaine her for some reasons In the beginning of King Charles his raigne Ponce Morantin being Gouernor and Viceroy of the country the castle of Gorriti was surprized by them of Guipuscoa from the Nauarrois for this and other considerations the Gouernor hauing raised an army of Nauarrois and French entred into Guipuscoa being resolued to put the country to fire and sword and beginning by Tolousa in Guipuscoa he burned Berastegui and did incredible harm sparing neither holy nor prophane Marching towards Beotiba the Nauarrois army was stayed at the foot of the mountaines by the Guipuscoans who were gathered together to the number of eight hundred some say eight thousand in armes vnder the conduct of Gil Lopes of Ognes Lord of Larrea and were seized vpon the Straights and places of aduantage where the army should passe hauing planted some peasants vpon the tops of the rockes and precipices who when the body of the army beeing aduanced in these difficult passages should march they should roule downe pipes full of stones which they had prepared the which ouerthrew many Defeat of Nauarrois in Guipuscoa and besides put such a disorder in the army as that eight hundred armed men which were vpon the passages presented themselues and put all their enemies to rout with a wonderfull slaughter and tooke all their baggage the which was esteemed worth a hundred thousand liuers a matter almost incredible considering the inequality of their forces but it is witnessed not onely by the records of Guipuscoa but also of Nauarre so dangerous is the hazard of warre and so great an aduantage doth the scituation of a country giue when it is well chosen by a wise and expert captaine Amongst the men of marke that were slaine in the Nauarrois army were found the Viceroys brother Men of account slaine and D. Michel Sanches Alaues D. Martin of Roncal Martin Vrtiz the Lord of Rosobel Iohn Corboran of Leer Iohn Martines of Medrano Iohn Henriques D. Martin de la Pegna Pero Sotes Iohn Lopes of Vrros Merin Major of the Mountaine Peter of Ayuar Martin of Vrsa sonne to Martin of Ayuar who carried the Standard royal and others to the number of fiue and fifty knights Amongst the prisoners was Martin of Ayuar and an other sonneof his The number of souldiars that were slaine was very great and of this incounter they doe at this day sing songs both in Castille and Guipuscoa in their country language Here of grew other warres betwixt Castille and Nauarre In the yeere of our Lord 1324. Queene Mary beeing dead King Charles married the third time with Ieanne daughter to Lewis of France Third marriage of King Charles Earle of Eureux and sister to Philip of Eureux who was King of Nauarre soone after by reason of his wife Ieanne daughter to King Lewis Hutin heire of Nauarre The same yeere Nauarette of Pampelone by the permission of Charles was begunne to be re-edefied hauing beene ruined eight and forty yeeres before by Robert Earle of Arthois This King Charles the Faire nor his brother Philip the Long neuer came into Nauarre Princes absence cause of liberty and disorder by reason whereof many grew insolent especially vpon the frontiers against the will of their Prince the Gouernors and Viceroys winking at them who regarded more their owne priuat proffit and passions then the honour and seruice of their Maister wherefore betwixt the Nauarrois and Arragonois of the frontiers of Sanguessa Real and other bordering places notwithstanding any accord the Kings had made there was
stil roades and spoyling one of an other so as the Arragonois were forced to keepe great garrisons in those parts whereof the King of Arragon complayned to King Charles who commanded still that they should liue like neighbours and friends but he was not obeyed In the yeere of our Lord 1328. King Charles died at Bois de Vincennes haing raigned seuen yeeres and some daies leauing Queene Ieanne his wife with child who was deliuered of a daughter called Belanche married afterwards to Philip Duke of Orleance hee was buried at Saint Denis in France After the death of this King there were great quarrels and diuisions both in France and Nauarre In France for that during the Queenes being with child Edward King of England sonne to Isabel of France sister to the deceased King maintained that the Gouernment did belong to him One the other side Philip sonne to Charles Earle of Valois cousin germaine to the three last Kings said that the regency did belong to him as next heire to the crowne of France which did not belong but to males descended of males and was regent The Queene beeing deliuered at Bois de Vincennes of a daughter Philip of Regent was proclaymed King against the pretensions of Edward King of England who was put by vnder collour of the Salique law Herevpon followed great and continuall warres which had in a manner ruined France if God had not releeued it These contended a doubtfull title which belonged to neither of them if the crowne had fallne to the femal for Ieanne daughter to King Lewis Hutin did precede them al. 2 The death of King Charles beeing knowne in Nauarre this nation which was accustomed to liue licentiously for that they had not a long time seene the face of their Kings thought now they had gotten liberty to doe what they pleased so as they beganne to mutine and to raise seditions in all the townes of the realme In the end they discharged their choller vpon the Iewes who were dispersed throughout the townes in great numbers and very odious to the Christians as well by reason of the diuesity of religion Mâ—ssaker of Iewes in Nauarre as for their excessiue vsury whereby they did exhaust al their substance wherefore they beganne to spoile them in all places as enemies at Estella Viana Funes Marzilla and many other places with so great cruelty and greedinesse to get as it is sayd they slue aboue tenne thousand persons of that sect men women and little children To redresse which excesse and to take away the cause the Estates of Nauarre assembled at Puenta la Reyna to resolue without any respect to whom the realme of Nauarre belonged whether to Edward King of England or to D. Ieanne Countesse of Eureux The Estates were referred to Pampelone the chiefe towne of the Realme whereas their opinions were diuers many holding that King Edward should haue the Realme of Nauarre as grandchild borne of the daughter to Queene Ieanne daughter to King Henry rather then the Countesse of Eureux in regard of the sex others and with more reason held for the Countesse who was in the same degree but daughter to a sonne and heire to Queene Ieanne and peruailed drawing the rest to their opinion 3 Thus was Ieanne Countesse of Eureux declared the true and lawfull Queene of Nauarre D. Ieanne Queene of Nauarre in the yeere of our Lord 1328. the realme hauing beene vacant about foure monthes And vntill that she and Cont Philip her husband should come and take possession of the Realm An. 1328. they declared Regent and Viceroy D. Iohn Corboran of Leer Standard-bearer of the realme and Iohn Martines of Medrano Philip the third of that name the nine and twentith King of Nauarre PHilip Earle of Eureux sonne to Lewis of France who was sonne to Philip the third sonne to the King Saint Lewis is counted by vs for the nine and twentith King of Nauarre the third of that name and was surnamed the noble As soone as the Election was made by the Estates of Nauar they sent Ambassadors to Ph. of Valois the French King to let him vnderstand the reasons that the King elected had vnto the realme which had mooued the Estates to make this election and by the same Ambassadors they aduertised Philip of Eureux and Ieanne his wife thereof sommoning them to come and take possession of the realme and to gouerne it The French King did no way hinder it wherefore the Kings of Nauarre elect prepared for their voiage and arriued there about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1329. An. 1329. hauing not seene a King in their country of a long time The Prelats Knights and wise men of the realme before their comming had set downe in writing the conditions wherevnto they would receiue them in the succession of the realme the which before the solemnities of the coronation and oth they presented vnto Philip and to Ieanne his wife the which they yeelded willingly vnto The Estate beeing assembled at Pampelone these conditions were sworne by them whereof the principal Articles were 1 First to the Estates to maintaine and keepe the rights Articles sworn by the Kings of Nauarre lawes customes liberties and preuiledges of the Realme both written and not written and whereof they were in possession to them and their successors for euer and not to diminish but rather augment them 2 That they should disanull all that had beene done to the preiudice thereof by the King their Predecessours and by their Ministers without delay notwithstanding any let 3 That for the terme of twelue yeeres to come they should not coine any money but such as was then currant within the Realme and that during their liues they should not conine aboue one sort of new money and that they should distribute part of the reuenues profits and commodities of the realme vnto the subiects 4 That they should not receiue into their seruice aboue foure strangers but should imploy them of the country 5 That the forts and garrisons of the realme should be giuen to gentlemen borne and dwelling in the Country and not to any stranger who should doe homage to the Queene and promise for to hold them for her and for the lawfull heire of the countrie 6 That they should not exchange nor ingage the realme for any other Estat whatsoeuer 7 That they should not sell nor ingage any of reuenues of the crowne neither should make any law nor statute against the realme nor against them that should lawfully succeed therein 8 That to the first sonne which God should giue them comming to the age of twenty yeeres they should leaue the Kingdome free and without factions vpon condition that the Estates should pay vnto them for their expences a hundred thousand Sanchets which was a peece of gold then currant or in other French money equiualent 9 That if God gaue them no children in that case they should leaue the realme after
both captaines and souldiars ranne like madde men one vpon an other with greater obstinacy then against their enemies and many were cruelly slaine so as this rage had a manner ruined the Arragonois Estate in that Island but God had otherwise decreed for the Pisans beeing very weake and brought low with the long precedent warres Pisans quit the Island of Sardinia which they had sustained both against the Geneuois and Arragonois did quit the Island of Sardinia by an agreement made betwixt the King of Arragon and their Senat in the yeere of our Lord 1326. so as the towne of Sassari was yeelded to the Arragonois Pisans quit the Island of Sardinia the Marquis of Malespina surceasing and promising to be obedient to the King and his Lieutenants Thus the Kings of Arragon became Lords of Sardinia without contradiction for a time but in their owne country of Cattelogne and Valencia there wanted no troubles and quarrels which grew amongst the Noblemen of the country Troubles and quarrels where is much idle Nobility beeing an ordinary thing that whereas there is great store of idle Nobilitie there is alwaies 〈◊〉 and contention to the oppression of the people D. Arnaud Roger Earle of Palliars and Raymond Folch Vicout of Cardona were then in armes one against an other by reason of a murther committed on the person of D. William Queralt whereof the Earle of Palliars was accused and either of them hauing a great troupe of friends and Partisans held allattelogne in confusion with their horrible insolencies In the country of Valencia D. Iames Lord of Xerica was in quarrell with his owne mother D. Beatrix of Loria and would haue put her out of her lands and possessions so as this quarrel did in a manner diuide the King and his sonne D. Alphonso the one supporting the mother and the other the sonne The soueraigne should alwaies be a Iudge and not a Partisan in his subiects quarrels These quarrels were reconciled with much paine for when as the Souveraigne Magistrate doth medle in his subiects quarrels and of a iudge becomes a Partisan his authority leanes to the one side and the remedies are more difficult and lesse effectuall D. Iames of Xerica during these troubles married the widowe Queene of D. Sancho of Majorca whose name was Mary sister to Robert King of Naples a woman of an vnchast life In the yeere of our Lord 1327. Don Iames the Young of Majorca did homage for the Islands and Land which the held as well in Cattelogne as on this side the mountaines to the King of Arragon as to his soueraigue in the presence of Don Philip his vncle and Tutor Don Pedro and Don Raymond Berenger the Kings children Caston of Moncade Bishoppe of Huesca and many others and within few daies after Don Iames King of Arragon died in the towne of Barcelona hauing raigned sixe and thirty yeeres foure monthes and a halfe A Prince rather inclined to good then bad to whom learning and learned men owe the foundation of the Vniuersitie of Lerida in Cattelogne seuen and twenty yeeres before his death which hee endowed with many preuiledges and would haue that alone throughout all his dominions forbidding all other schooles but for Grammer and Logicke His bodie lies buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz. D. Alphonso the fourth of that name the twelfth King of Arragon DOn Alphonso his sonne succeeded him to whom was giuen the surname of pittifull Hee was not the eldest but that Don Iames his eldest brother quitting in his fathers life time the succession of the crowne of Arragon as wee haue said entred and inuested himselfe into that Order of Knights of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem Hee was King This was his issue During his fathers life Genealogy of Arragon hee married first Donna Therefa of Entenza Countesse heire of Vrgell by whom hee had the Infant Don Pedro borne at seuen monthes end who was King and he Infant Don Iames Earle of Vrgell and Vicont of Ajar and moreouer foure other sonnes and one daughter who died verie yong and are interred at Sarragossa in Saint Francis Church with their mother Donna Constance who was wife vnto Don Iames the last King of Majorca Donna Theresa had not the title of a Queene for that shee died foure daies before the King Don Iames her father in lawe Beeing King hee tooke to his second wife Donna Leonora of Castille daughter to the King Don Fernand the fourth who was mother to Don Fernand Marquisse of Tortoça who married at Ebora Donna Maria of Portugal daughter to the King Don Pedro and was slaine by the commaundement of his brother raigning an Arragon hee had also by her Don Iohn who died in Castille Don Alphonso beeing come to the crowne hee gaue the countrie of Vrgel and other Lands to his second sonne Don Iames. Comming to Saragossa where the generall Estates were assembled hee tooke and receiued a reciprocall oth according to the auncient custome of Kings his predecessors and was crowned King in the yeere of our Lord 1328. in which yeere were crowned in Nauarre Philip of Eureux in France Philip of Valois and at Rome the Emperour Lewis of Bauaria At this Coronation of King Don Alphonso did assist with the Deputies of the Estates Don Iames of Arragon Lord of Xerica Don Pedro Iuge of Arborea Don Raymond Folc Vicount of Cardona Don Arnauld Roger of Mataplane Earle of Palliars Don Alphonso Fernandes of Arragon Lord of Ixar Don Lope de Luna Don William and Berenger Anglesol Don Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea Don Pedro Ceruel Don William Ceruillon Don Othon of Moncado and Don Othon of Fosses with other Noblemen There were aboue two hundred and fiftie Knights made with the ceremonies accustomed in those times where there was present the Ambassadors of Iohn King of Bohemia called Henry Bomallia who brought a promise from his Maister that hee would come into Spaine to make warre against the Moores with the King of Arragon the which he did not The warre which Arragon made against the Infidells King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affricke was more in Affrike then in Spaine for the opportunity of Sardinia did inuite the Kings of Arragon for to raise their powers and make warre against the Moores which commaunded at Tunes Bugie and Tremessen Notwithstanding beeing mutined againe by the perswasion of the Geneuois this yeere a truce was made betwixt the King of Arragon and Abubacar pettie King of Tunes and Bugia and Abduria Hamen King of Tremessen The Court beeing at Daroca about the end of this yeere an Edict was made that for tenne yeeres no towne castle gouernment nor any customes imposts or places of Iustice whatsoeuer should bee giuen or alyenated from the reuenewes of the Crowne the which the King seeking afterwardes for to breake it caused great alterations and tumults Don Iames King of Maiorca did a new homage to King D. Alphonso for his realme and other lands
the Garrison was obstinat in the defence thereof and would not yeeld wherefore the king beeing called away for matters of greater consequence built certaine small forts about it and manned them with souldiers to hinder their going in the comming out and came to Logrogno and from thence to Algoncillo where hee surprized Don Iohn Alphonso de Haro Lord of that place one of the rebels whome he caused presently to be slayne and did confiscate his goods except los Cameros which he gaue vnto his brother then returning to Burgos he beseeged Herrera a place belonging to Don Iohn Nugnes who either wearie of the warre or distrusting the euent thereof hee made his peace with the king and returned to his seruice During this seege Queene Mary was brought in bed of a sonne at Burgos who was named Don Pedro heire of the kingdome The Writers of Arragon say that this Infant was supposed by Queene Mary being iealous that the king her husband did so loue D. Leonora of Guzman and that she brought him so many children The king hauing pacified the troubles towards Biscay he marched with his army towards D. Iohn Manuels country and beseeged Rojas Disloyalty of King D. Alphonso the which was defended by a Gentleman called Diego Gil in the name of D. Lope Diaz de Rojas vassall to Don Iohn Manuel This Diego Gil hauing made some resistance in the end yeelded vppon condition to haue their liues saued notwithstanding the king condemned him to death with some others for that he had resisted against the Standard royall And then there was an Edict made That all Gentlemen holding towns castels Edict against Captaines of places that did resist the king or houses of strength belonging to any Nobleman knight or other of the kings vassals the king comming thither in person they should be bound to receiue him without any imputation if not they should loose their liues which Decree was afterwards put in practise vppon the Gouernour of Iscar who lost his head for that hee had presumed to resist the king About the end of the yeare king Don Alphonso came to Atera a place neere to Calatajub where he found Donna Leonora his sister Queene of Arragon with whome hauing treated of certaine affaires he returned to Vailledolit where by the negotiation of certaine Mediators Accord betwixt the king of Castile and Don Iohn Manuel an accord was made betwixt him and Don Iohn Manuel and a peace throughout all the Realme which the Spanish Authors attribute to his seueritie against the Rebels when hee tooke them condemning most of them after their deaths about the same time Donna Leonora of Guzman was deliuered of a Sonne whome the King named Don Fernand for which cause there were generally great feasts and Ioy and at Court there was a stately tourney where on the one side the knights of the Band did runne among the which was the king in a disguised habit 15 The yeare following 1335. Nauarre there were some alterations towards Nauarre which Realme was gouerned by Henry of Solibert aboue-named beeing resident in the Castell of Olite with three thousand Livres of entertaynment the places of strength beeing put by the Estates into the hands of faithfull Knights The Castels of the riuer whereof Arnaud of Leet was Merin or Gouernour were held by these Captaines following At the castell of Cortes commanded Iohn de Soiçi At Herrera Pero Sanches of Varelo At Penna Ronde Pero Ximenes of Funez At Corell Pero Sanches of Montagu sonne to Fortun At Araciel Inigo Aznar of Corello At Sancho Abarca Mathew Saillant At Estaca Garci Perez of Dax At Valtierra Geoffrey of Villaribo At Cadrieta Gonçalo Perez of Gorrocian At Coparrosso D. Alphonso of Spaine At Ablitas Iohn Martines of Necuessa At Arguedas Pero Sanches of Montagu sonne to Pero Artaxone was held by the Inhabitants The Castell of Rade by Symon Martines of Barasoayn for the Heires of Oger of Mauleon for want of homage In the Merindad or Iurisdiction of Sanguessa whereas Oger of Gramont was Merin there commanded At Saint Care Iohn Renaut le Chat. At the castell of Murillo Diego Peres of Esperun At S. Martin of Vnx Garci Ximenes of S. Martin At Vxue D. Alphonso of Spaine At Gallipienço Pedro Arnaud of Vrtuuia At Casseda Stephen of Cormelles At Pegna Peter of Cuyuero At the old castell of Sanguessa Garcy Arnaldes of Espleta At Petiella in Arragon D. Martin Fernandes de Saraça At Pintano D. Simon de Sotes At Ongaçaria Helias Martines of Irurozgui At Leguin Iohn Martines of Eusa. At Yrurtegui Martin Garcia of Ollaogui At Valcarlos Martin Ynigues of Vrça At Rochfort Lobet of Narbays At Monteyran Pedro Sanches of Olicaratea At Rochbrun Willyam Arnand Durdes At Guerga Iohn de Sauain At Thiebes Garci Michel of Escayren At Castell-nouo Roderigo of Ayuar At Burgui Pedro Azuar of Ezcura At Ysaba Martin Garcia of Leyun In the Merindad of Iurisdiction of Pampelone Fernand Diaz de villa alta held the castell of Toloyna Iohn of Rouceray that of Aza Iohn of Bulli Labraca Iohn Fernandes of Baguedan the castell of Oro. Bernard of S. Pelage that of Falces Pedro Garcia of Ciraguegui Carçar Iohn Botayroa and Martin Sanches of Villamera the castle of Lana Roger of Alamaina Andofilla Corbaran of Leet Reça Romieu Martines of Arrornis Açagra Alphonso Diaz of Morentiu Peralta Diego Sanches of Eulate Artaçona Iohn Velez of Medrano the tower of Viana Diego Lopes of Alsasua the castell of Toro Martin Sanches of Azedo Maragnon Iohn Moreuant the castell of la Garde Renauld of Bourray the castell of Milagro Alphonso Perez of Morantiu the castell of Montjordan Garci Sanches of Espeleta Lerin Ordoniz of Blandiaco Funes D. Pedro Ximenes of Mirafuentes Arcos Lope Perez of Agnoa the castell of Miranda Philip of Coynon the castell of Belmarques Sancho Perez of Ladoça the tower of Mendauia Michel Remires of Cufia the castell of Celatambor Sancho of Liçaraçu the castell of Larraga Which Captaines of Forts were all entertayned by the King and enioyed many priuiledges according to the lawes and customes of Nauarre The treatie of marriage continued still betwixt the Infant of Nauarre and D. Pedro heire of Arragon by D. Pedro de Luna Arch-bishop of Sarragossa D. Pedro Gonçales of Morentiu and other Deputies who hauing beene long together in the towne of Cortez concluded it in the yeare 1334. The conditions were that King Philip of Nauarre should giue in dowry with his daughter D. Ieanne Ten thousand pound a 100000. Sanchots which were worth so many Liuers turnois and for assurance of a future marriage there were giuen in pawne for Nauarre Lescar Arguedas Saint Care Murillo Gallipenço and Murgui and for the King of Arragon Fayos Boria Malona Campdalijub Sos and Sauveterre the Articles were signed by the parties with many knights at Daroca The King of Castille hearing of this alliance being iealous and foreseeing that they sought but an occasition of warre he
them selues or their goods for the aduancement thereof with an especiall charge and commission to Don Gil Carillo of Albornoz Arch-bishop of Toledo to publish this Croisado making him to that end Legate of the Apostolike sea The army before Tariffe being opprest with famine King Alboacen gaue Don Iohn Alphonso of Benauides the Gouernor to vnderstand that he had some matters to treat of with him for the good of the king his master and therefore he should send some vnto him to conferre with him The Gouernour hauing receiued hostages sent two Gentlemen vnto him but beeing aduertised at the same instant that the gallies of Castile and Portugall had beene all cast away by tempest vppon the coast so as the sea beeing free victuals began to come aboundantly from Affrike vnto the campe when as these Knights came vnto king Alboacen hee sayd nothing of consequence vnto them but was desirous agiane to continue the warre sending backe these messengers and retiring his hostages Then did they make a furious batteire with all kinds of engines vsuall in those times against the which the beseeged rampared themselues and made a gallant defence King D. Alphonso hauing called to seuile the Noblemen of his Councell and the chiefe men among his subiects sitting in his royall throne with great maiestie holding in his right hand the sword wherewith hee had beene girt in Saint Iames Chruch of Gallicia when he was made Knight and in his left hand the Crowne wherewith he had beene crowned in the cittie of Bourgos he spake grauely vnto them of the present estate of his affaires D. Alphonsos speech to his Councell and the danger wherein the Christian realms of Spaine then were by the importune malice and impiety of the Arabians their ancient enemies coniured together at that time from the East vnto the West to glut their implacable thirst with the bloud of Spaniards against whose forces without all doubt in time Spaine should not be able to resist many of their best men hauing beene consumed by the factions and diuisions which had raigned among them whereby Spaine had wasted her selfe by her owne armes and withall the ill successe of his armies at sea brought twise to nothing so as for so dangerous a mischiefe there was need of an extraordinarie remedie the honour of the name of Christians the Crowne of Castile and their liberties liues and goods beeing then in question wherein he had need of good and faithfull Councell and for that cause had called them together praying God to put into their harts and vnderstandings what was fit for the honor and increase of his Crowne and the Common-weale Whereupon many different opinions hauing beene propounded all in the end concluded that they must rayse the seege from before Tariffe for the effecting whereof they must find meanes to ioyne the forces of Portugall Arragon and Castile together for the which they began presently to giue order The Queene of Castile got a promise from Don Alphonso King of Portugall her father to ayde the king her husband with all his forces whereupon there was an enterview of the two kings at Irumegna a towne in Portugall The king of Castile sent to encourage them of Tariffe giuing them hope of speedie succours forbidding them expresly not to sally foorth vpon the enemy for that the losse of one man did more import them then an hundred to King Alboacen he obtained a new army at sea from the king of Arragon the which was commanded by the Prior of Saint Iohn who had escaped in the tempest to ioyne with those few gallies which he had yet left and presently after the king of Portugall came in person to Seuile beeing accompanied with all the flower of his Nobility and the best souldiers of his country The leauied men in all parts of Spaine both foot and horse which enrolled themselues for this religious warre but especially out of Biscay Alaua and Guipuscoa which bee the best footmen of Spaine the which were commanded by Don Pero Nugnes de Gazman their Lord Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara beeing employed in the conduct of the horse To conclude their indeauors were such as within few dayes there were mustred about Seuile 25000. foote and 14000. horse with which forces the two kings of Castile and Portugal resolued to offer battell vnto the enemy which was before Tariffe beeing farre more mighty then they hauing besides the great number of horse and foote which he brought out of Affricke ioyned vnto him the forces of Granado the which consisted of 7000. horse and a great multitude of foot Assoone as the Christian army began to march Alboacen king of Maroc and Ioseph king of Granado sent Albohamar Infant of Maroc with 2000. horse to keepe the passage of the riuer of Salado Skrimâ—sh at the passage of the riuer Salado which runnes betwixt Pegna du Cerf and Tariffe the which were defeated by a thousand horse and 4000. foot which the King of Castile had sent to put themselues into Tariffe the which they effected happily after this exploit through fauour of the night the Moorish kings hauing already raised their seege burnt thier engines of batterie and retired their army into a place of aduantage called Alfaneque These troups were the bands of D. Henry and D. Tello children aduowed of Castile the which were led by wise and expert Captaines The day after this defeat the two armies presented themselues vppon the bankes of the riuer of Salado which the Christian meant to passe and so they did but with great resistance and difficultie yet Gonçalo Ruis de la Vega and his brother Garciaço who marched in the head of the army assured the passage for the rest repulsing the Mores who defended it valiantly when as the Christians were all past without breaking they found the great squadrons of the Moores in Order ready to fight so as in an instant they ioyned and were so mingled as the kings themselues on either side sparing not their owne persons and performing the duties as well of souldiers as of Generals of armies were many times found in danger and their obstinacie was so great in the fight as the Arch-bishop of Toledo was faine partly by intreaties and partly by force to draw the king of Castile out of the presse where he had the fore-part of his saddle shot through with an arrow a dangerous blow if it had lighted a little higher the which might haue made the kingdomes of Spaine a prey vnto the Mores by the losse of a battell which doth commonly follow the death of the Generall But God disposed otherwise according to his mercy to the Christians for the Moores beeing rather hindred then helped by their multitudes gaue way and fled where as the slaughter was so great as the number of the dead as Authors write is not credible but howsoeuer Defeats memorable of the Moores at Salado the Christians had an absolute victorie who might haue slaine more and it may be
his brother Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and their Vncle Don Pedro Earle of Ribagorça into Majorca and there to detayne them prisoners vntill that he were released from the oath of fidelitie and acknowledgement of Soueraigntie which hee and his Predecessors had made vnto the Kings of Arragon and in this discontent and feare he sent him away retayning notwithstanding his wife Donna Constance who was his sister and without any long delay the King Don Pedro sent Arnanld Erillo and William Bellera to ouer-runne the County of Rossillon and other lands belonging to the King of Majorca lying neere vnto Cattelogne and to seaze vppon the places of strength the Princes and Princesses of his bloud and his allyes employing themselues in vaine to pacifie them But such was his hatred and insatiable desire of greatnesse as hee proclaimed open warre against this poore king of Majorca weake in meanes and it may be in courage to make head against so mighty a king and so obstinate an enemie And at that time Don Pedro of Moncado was recalled with his Gallies from the Streights as wee haue sayd who hauing increased his army with many other vessels rigged out vppon the coasts of Cattelogne and Valence hee came to Palomera a hauen in the Iland of Majorca with an hundred and sixe sayles where hee landed many horse and foote the king beeing there in person who before his departure had coloured this enterprise with a pretext of Fellonie and Rebellion pronouncing a sentence against the King Don Iames Maiorca conqacâ—ed by the king of Arragon in an assembly of Noblemen and Princes at Barcelona and confiscating his goods In this army was Don Pedro of Arragon Earle of Ampurias and Ribagorça the kings Vncle holding the place of Seneshall and chiefe of Armes Don Pedro of Arragon Lord of Xerica newly reconciled Don Blasco of Alagon who carried the Standard royall Don Iohn Ximenes of Vrreé Don Philip of Castro D. Alphonso Roger of Loria brother to Don Pedro of Xerica Galuan and Raymond Angleçole Acart Murio Arnauld Erillo Gonçal Diaz of Arenos Iohn Pernandes of Luna Artal of Fosses Michel Perez Zapate lourdain Vrries Sancho Peres Pomar with other Noblemen and Captaines Against these forces the king of Majorca had leauied three hundred horse and fifteene thousand foote but he was betrayed and abandoned and forced to flie and quit the Iland so as the king Don Pedro seazed thereon without fighting and was receiued into the city of Majorca whereof Don Arnold Erillo was made Gouernour and Gillebert Centilla Captaine of the souldiers that were there left in garrison The Iland of Minorca made no greater resistance and that of Yuiça lesse Minorca was giuen in gouernment to Gillebert Ceruera and Yuiça to Martin Arbes These Ilands subdued the king returned to Barcelona from whence he presently marched in to the Countie of Rossillon with his whole army whither the Cardinall of Rhodez the Popes Legat came vnto him to aduise him to desist from armes who could get no other answer but that the king of Majorca should come and yeeld himselfe to his will During this warre there was borne at Ceruera Monster borne in Cattelogne staine by the parents and they punished in the territorie of Lerida in Cattelogne a monstrous child hauing two heads and foure legges whose father and mother seeking to conceale it buried it aliue but beeing discouered in this attempt they were punished as murtherers of their child There were great tumults and seditions at that time in Arragon betwixt many Noblemen contending by armes for their possessions so as the king commanded that D. Athon of Fosses should be apprehended and punished to terrifie others he also caused his reuenues and lands to be seazed on from the which he did appeale vnto the Magistrate of the Iustice of Arragon which was then in the hands of Garci Fernandes of Castro wherupon there grew great contention for the kings learned Councel pretended that the authority of the Iustice of Arragon did not extend out of the assembly of the Estates and that this Magistrate was there onely a Iudge of controuersies which did rise against the king being not lawfull for him out of the Estates to make himselfe Iudge of any controuersie against his royall Maiesty but in sutes of state and condition of persons or in causes whereas the king is called for a warrant or in complaints which the people may make against the kings Officers The king therefore commanded for that Garti Fernandes of Castro Iustice of Arragon was allyed to Athon of Fosses that Michel Perez Zapate Lieutenant generall of Arragon in the kings absence should put Athon in prison but finding himselfe too weake Submission of the king of Maiorca dispossest for that Athon was supported by many seditious persons and had the countenance of diuers great men his kinsmen and friends he had recourse vnto the Iurates of Sarragossa according to the custome of his ancestors enioyning them to fore-see that the Estate receiued no preiudice and that Iustice should not be forced The warre of Rossillon continued neither would the king D. Pedro yeeld for any intercession the Pope could make persisting still that the king Don Iames who was dispossest of Majorca should come and submit himselfe vnto him without any condition The towne of the yeelded vnto him In the end Arnold Bishop of Aux the Popes Nuncio did mediate that the King of Majorca should come and yeeld himselfe into the hands of the king D. Pedro and deliuer him his forts vpon assurance that they should not attempt any thing against his person nor put him in prison the which beeing granted D. Iames king of Majorca vpon the assurance of D. Pedro of Xerica came to Elne and casting himselfe at the king of Arragons feet he submitted himselfe to his clemencie beseeching him to haue regard vnto his ranke and dignity to suffer him to iustifie himselfe and that he would be pleased to sue ciuilly against him and howsoeuer at the least preserue vnto his Nephewes children to his brother D. Fernand their right vnto the realme of Majorca and other lands and cause the towne of Perpignan to be deliuered vnto him The king D. Pedro blinded with hatred and choller reiected all these requests after a strange and insolent manner and being entred into perpignan he caused a Decree to be published by the which he did confiscate the Iland of Majorca and all the lands of the king Don Iames Decree against the king Don Iames. vniting them inseparably to the Crowne of Arragon which decree he caused to be set vp at euery corner This poore Prince being thus intreated he left the county of Rossillon and retired himselfe to Berga a place assigned him for his aboad vntill that his aduersary should giue order for his entertainment The king D. Pedro after these seuere and vniust proceedings returned to Barcelona where he entred armed as triumphing for a victory gotten of some great
retreat into Nauarre from whence they drew assistance of armes victuals and other things to make warre against him It is credible that the King of Arragon shewed himselfe patient in these things that he might not disapoint other desseignes of greater importance for knowing that Ieanne Queene of Nauarre was much honoured in France hee entertained her friendship to the end that by her meanes he might haue King Philip of Valois more fauourable vnto him who was incensed against him for D. Iames of Majorca This Lady laboured so as shee entertained peace betwixt them and confirmed againe the alliances past by a treatie of marriage which she propounded betwixt Charles Grand-child to King Philip and one of the daughters of the King don Pedro and of her daughter Donna Maria. This Princesse being come into France with Charles and Philip her sonnes to dispose of her lands and estates which she had there hauing left Iohn of Conflans Lord of Dampierre Marshal of Champagne for Gouernor in Nauarre she died at the end of the yeere 1349. fiue yeeres after the decease of her husband hauing held the Realme of Nauarre about two and twenty yeeres counting since the death of King Charles the Faire to whom succeeded her sonne Charles who was surnamed the Bad. The end of the foureteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Pedro first of that name the foureteenth King of Castile and fiue and thirty of Leon and his seuere beginning to raigne 2 House of Lara Lords of Biscay and the Siegneuries held by them 3 Vnfortunate marriage of D. Pedro King of Castile with Blanche of Bourbon Vnlawfull loue of this King with Donna Maria of Padilla persecutions and murthers of the Noblemen of Castile his second vnlawfull marriage and other excesse done by him 4 Refuge into France of D. Henry Earle of Transtamare bastard brother to the King of Castile 5 D. Charles called the bad the thirtith King of Nauarre and second of that name his sower disposition and rough proceedings in the pursuite of his pretended right to Brie and Champagne 6 Abolition of Caesars Aera in Arragon Girone made a Principality for the elder of Arragon warre of Sardinia 7 Cruel warre betwixt Castille and Arragon Cruelties of D. Pedro King of Castile against his subiects and against his owne bloud 8 D. Pedro the eight King of Portugal sole of that name 9 Vnfortunate loues of D. Pedro King of Portugal with D. Agnes Castro 10 Disposition of D. Pedro King of Portugal his equity and dilligence 11 Imprisonment of the King of Nauarre his escape and their proceeding against him in France 12 Proceedings of the warre of Castile and Arragon cruelties murthers and spoiles of D. Pedro King of Castile 13 Turbulent Estate of Granado treacheries and cruelties of D. Pedro of Castile against the Princes Moores 14 Practises betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre and continuation of the warre betwixt Castile and Arragon 15 Disloyaltie of D. Pedro King of Arragon to D. Henry Earle of Transtamare 16 New accords betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and D. Henry Earle of Transtamare continuation of the warre against Castile 17 Accords betwixt Nauarre and Arragon against Castile Vnworthy death of D. Bernard of Cabrera 18 Returne of the Popes Sea from Auignon to Rome 19 Expedition made by D. Henry Earle of Transtamare into Castile against the King D. Pedro his brother and the Earles victory 20 Returne of the King D. Pedro defeat of D. Henry cruelties against the vanquished pollicies of the King of Nauarre during these quarrels 21 Ingratitude of the King D. Pedro to the English who had restored him his impieties tyranies and cruelties 22 Second expedition of Count Henry into Castile conquest of that Realme with the helpe of the French death of the King D. Pedro the cruel 23. D. Fernand sole of that name and ninth King of Portugal Kings of Spaine mentioned in this fifteenth Booke CASTILE and LEON 14. D. Pedro. 1. 35. NAVARRE 30. D. Charles 2. PORTVGAL 8. D. Pedro. 1. 9. D. Fernand. 1. D. Pedro the first and sole of that name surnamed the cruel the foureteenth King of Castile and fiur and thirtith of Leon. THe beginning of the raigne of D. Pedro sonne to D. Alphonso of Castile was in the yeere 1350. An. 1350. in the which Pope Clement the sixth ordained that the Iubile which they had beene accustomed to celebrate yet without any ground euery hundred yeere amongst Christians should from that time be kept from fifty to fifty yeeres after the manner of the Iewes D. Pedro was at Seuile with the Queene his mother when the King his father died where his obsequies being made they consulted for the ordring the Estate of the new Kings house and the affaires of the Kingdome D. Leonora of Guzman her children kinsfolkes and friends being in great perplexity at the death of King D. Alphonso retired themselues into diuerse parts of the realme This yong King being but fifteene yeeres old began his raigne with cruelty D. Pedro King of Castile cruel in which vice he continued his whole life but to his cost D. Leonora being sollicited by some Knights to come to Seuile she came vpon their faith but she was presently apprehended and put in prison to satisfie the rage of iealousie of Queene Mary the Kings mother Leâ—nor of Guzman the deceased kings mâ—stres 〈…〉 by the widow Queene wherevpon D. Henry Earle of Transtamare and some of his brethren children to this Lady thought to fortefie themselues in Algezire but they were set vpon and forced to flie some into Portugal some else-where against whom the King was more incensed then before for the marriage which followed betwixt D. Henry Earle of Transtamare and D. Ieanne Manuel daughter to D. Iohn Manuel one of the mightiest Princes in Spaine next vnto the King to which marriage the King D. Pedro himselfe aspired This being accomplished the married couple were forced to flie into the Asturiâ—as to auoide the Kings fury Quarrels touching the successor to the crowne of Castile who the same first yeere being fallne into a great sicknesse and almost abandoned by the Physitions hee descouered the hearts and disposition of the Princes and Noblemen of his Realme by the quarrels they entred into for the successor to the crowne thinking the King would die Some being of opinion to call D. Fernand or Arragon Marquisse of Tortose Nephew to the deceased King sonne to D. Leonora his sister others giuing their voice to D. Iohn Nugnes of Lara Lord of Biscay issued by the mothers line from the bloud royal Castile of which party were D. Alphonso Fernand Cornel and Garsilaço de la Vega the contrary party was held by D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque a Knight of great credit with the Queene mother The Kings recouery ended this controuersie touching him that should succeed to the crowne but it gaue beginning and force to
the factions and insolencies which followed for D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara being gone from court Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque in a great rage against the Lord of Albuquerque for some byting words cast forth in their controuersies during the Kings sicknesse the cares of this young and ill experienced King cholerike by nature and inclyned to reuenge were filled with the reports of such as gouerned him wherevpon hee was so incensed against this house of Lara their friends and adherents as it was euident that hee sought but an opportunity to doe them some mischiefe The death of D. Iohn Nugnes which followed soone after in the towne of Burgos made his aduersaries deseignes more easie he left for successor to his Siegneuries which were great one sonne but two yeeres old called D. Nugno de Lara And at the same time D. Fernand Manuel Lord of Villena died also leauing one onely daughter named D. Blanch who died also soone after These deathes did much content D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque for that hee was freed from great emulators and aduersaries which hated his authority and the familiarity he had with the King who preferred him before all the Princes and Noblemen of Castile The King was aduised by his councell to seize vpon these young pupils and of their lands according to which hee went towards Burgos causing D. Leonora of Guzman to be brought after him whom hee sent with a good gard to prison to Talauera Being at Henera the importunities of his mother Donna Maria were such as he was forced to deliuer vnto her this poore imprisoned Lady D. Leonora of Guzman murthered by the commandement of the widow queen who with a womanish and boundlesse rage caused her to bee cruelly murthered in reuenge that she had many times defrauded her of the amorous imbracings of the King her husband and presently shee begged all her goods an act which was nothing royal and which did redownd to the great contempt of the deceased King Don Alphonso Since which time and by reason of this murther the towne of Talauera was and is called de la Reyna or of the Queene The King D. Pedro did this being yong and ill aduised Being come to Burgos at his first arriual he caused Garsilaco de la Vega to be slaine in his owne lodging and afterwards there were also dispatcht Alphonso Garcia Camargo Fernandes of Medina and Alphonso Fernandes Noblemen murthered by the commandement of the King D. Pedro. Secretary or Notary a Burgeois of that city al for the quarrels betwixt the Lord of Albuquerque and the house of Lara A lady of honor called D. Mencia wife to Martin Ruis of Abendagno Gouernesse to the yong Infant Nugno de Lara Lord of Biscay hearing of these cruel executions of the new King transported the Infant from Paredes de Naua in Biscay least the King should do it some harme The King hearing thereof pursued them himselfe vnto the bridge of Larra where vnderstanding that the Gouernesse and the Nurce had recouered the town of Vermejo he returned to Burgos and resolued to make war against the Biscayns so as within few daies he sent Ruis Diaz of Rojas to beseege Orosco the which Iohn of Abendagno House of Lara son to Martin aboue named held who yeelded the place by composition In the meane time D. Nugno of Lara died being but three yeers old in the towne of Vermejo by whose decease the Siegneuries of Biscay and others came to his two sisters or to the eldest of them called D. Ieanne of Lara and if she died to D. Isabel the yonger but the King had these yong Ladies in his power with al the lands and Siegneuries of the deceased D. Iohn Nugnes The father of these children had three sisters whereof the eldest named D. Blanch was wife to D. Iohn Manuel The second called D. Marguerite was a religious woman in the towne of Caleruega in the Monastery of Saint Dominike built by King D. Alphonso father to this King and the third D. Maria was married intso France twise first to the Earle of Estampes and next to Charles of Valois Earle of Alençon brother to King Philip the sixth or as some hold his brothers sonne Of the first bed shee had one sonne who was Earle of Estampes and of the second foure whereof the one was Earle of Alençon named Peter the second whom they called Robert Earle of Perch and the two other of the church This Lady Mary did afterwards contend in the time of King Henry the second for the Siegneuries of Biscay as we shal shew at the time of the death of this yong Lord D. Nugno de Lara Siegneuries and rights of the house of Lara there were in this house besides the Siegneury of Biscay the townes of Saint Gadee Loçoya Eglise Salouer Font Burvene Berçoso Cibico of the tower Galez Paredez of Naua Villallon Cuenca of Tamarit Melgar of the frontier Barzon Moral of the Queene Aquilar del Campo Caleruegos Beluer St. Iames de la Puebla by Salamanca Orepeça the field of Arrannelo and other townes besides these great Siegneuries the house of Lara Lords of Biscay had this prerogatiue alwaies to lead the foreward in armies whereas the King was in person In assemblies of the Estates the Lords of Lara were general Attorneies or Deputies for the Nobility by an especial preuiledge and often times they did carry the standard royal Besides these things Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased held by reason of his marriage the townes of Lerma Lands called Beetries in Biscay Alaua and the neighbor countries Villa-franca in the mountaines of Oca Busto Amejugo Balorcanos Tor de Blanco other places besides the rights of Linager which he had as chiefe of the house of Lara and Lord of Biscay to the lands called Beetrias They were certaine lands and passages of the country so named hauing this preuiledge from all antiquity to choose what Lord they pleased out of the nobility of that lynage or family soeuer to command ouer them and to defend them and among them there were some that might change their Lord 7. times a day if they pleased others hauing the like power to change their Lord were yet bound to choose of the same family to those that were first recommended so as they were rights purchased to families many such prerogatiues had the Lords of Biscay and of Lara The liberties of these lands called Beetries the King D. Pedro sought to abolish at the Estates assembled 1351. and the 2. of his raigne at Vailledolit An. 1351. 3 Before he came to the said Estates he was visited by Charls King of Nauar as they did sympathise wel in nature and disposition they made great shewes of loue and gaue royal presents one vnto an other After this enterview the King D. Pedro came to Vailledolit from whence Iohn of Ruel as Bishop of Burgos Aluar Garcia
Iohn Infants of Arragon with many other knights followed him He tooke D. Maria of Padilla from Montalban brought her to Toledo These that were about him preuayled so by their intreaties as he returned to Vailledolit to his wife but he stayed but two dayes and went away againe leauing the Lady much perplexed at these strange courses The Queene D. Blanche retired with the Queene-mother to Tordesillas and the king returned to D. Mary of Padilla who entertained the hatred and dislike which the king had of his wife that shee alone might enioy him It is written by Diego of Valera that among all the precious iewels which the Queene had brought out of France there was a rich girdle which she presented to the king her husband the which D. Mary of Padilla hauing in her power she found out a Iew Girdle inchanted a Magitian which did inchant it so as when the king would put it on beeing amazed and demanding what Prodigie it might be his minions who were allyed to his concubine answered that they were the goodly presents which this French Gentlewoman had brought him Whereupon he was much incensed against this poore Lady In the meane time D. Tello the kings base brother married D. Ieanne the eldest daughter of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased whereuppon by this marriage he became Lord of Biscay and of the other places and lands aboue-mentioned the which did much offend the king causing him to grow into a greater furie and rage against him and the rest then before whereof the sharpest effects were against them that reprooued his leud life and the indignities he did vnto the Queene his wife whom for spite hee caused to be led to Areualo with a guard and vnder the custodie of Don Pedro Gudiâ—l Bishop of Segobia and a Bourgesse of Toledo in whome he trusted his name was Tello Palomochio as a prisoner and began to displace all the Officers of her house and al others which had beene aduanced by the fauor of D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque hee tooke away the Office of Chamberlaine from Guttiere Fernandes of Toledo and gaue it to Diego Garcia of Padilla brother to his Mistris that of Cup-bearer which Iohn Rodrigues of Viedma held was giuen to Aluar Garcia of Albornoz the allowance of diet was taken from Guttiere Gomes of Toledo and giuen to Pero Gonçales of Mendoça a great Lord in Alaua from whence are descended the Dukes of Infantazgo In Seuile the king did also change many of the chiefe Officers of the Realme which had beene aduanced by the fauour and councell of Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque giuing them to others that were recommended by Diego Garcia of Padilla and Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça namely he looke the gouernment of the frontier from Don Garcia Fernandes Manriquez and aduanced Fernand Perez Puerto Carrero Thus the king altered things within his Realme forced the greatest to humble themselues and to sue vnto the kinsfolkes and fauorites of Donna Maria of Padilla hating all them deadly that did but tell him that he ought to loue Donna Blanche the Queene his wife and liue Christian-like and honestly with her as Don Gil Carillo of Albornoz Arch-bishop of Toledo had sought to do who being of his councell and a Prelate of great dignitie in Spaine had presumed to reprehend his disordered life in that behalfe Arch-bishop of Toledo forced to leaue Spaine but hee tooke it in so ill part as this reuerent man was forced to abandon all the liuing hee had in Spaine and retire to Auignon to Pope Clement by whose successor Innocent the sixth who came to the Popedome that yeare 1353. he was made Cardinall and in his life-time they proceeded to a new election in the Arch-bishoppricke of Toledo and Primacie of Spaine putting in his place one Don Blaise This King made himselfe to be feared and so much hated of all the Noblemen of his Realme as euery man made choice of a party and sought how to assure himselfe from his fury and violence Don Iohn Nugnes of Prado Master of Calatraua a friend to Don Iohn Alphonso of Abuquerque retired into Arragon to the Commanderie of Alcaniz but the king who had a desire to haue him in his power sought all meanes lawfull and vnlawfull to assure him so as he made him come vppon his faith and promise that he should haue to harme This good Knight who found himselfe guiltlesse of any crime but that he had beene a friend to the Lord of Albuquerque came into Castile to the towne of Almagro but he was presently beseeged by the kings commandement by Don Iohn de la Cerde and by Peter Nugnes of Godoy who notwithstanding did secretly aduice him to returne into Arragon before that the king who was gone out of Seuile to come thither were arriued the which he would not do saying That he found his conscience free from all rebellion and that he had no cause to feare to put himselfe into the kings mercy but it succeeded ill for him The king beeing come the master came vnto him and cast himselfe at his feet intreating him to receiue him in his iustifications but this cruell Prince refusing to heare him him Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugnes of Prado master of Calatraua depriued him instantly of the Master-ship of Calatraua the which he gaue to Diego Garcia of Padilla and commaunded that he should bee carried prisoner to the castell of Masqueda whereas Stephen Domingo of Auila commanded an there within few dayes after he was murthered by Diego Lopes of Portas seruant to Diego Garcia of Padilla whereof the king would haue excused himselfe saying That it was done without his commandement but it appeared sufficiently that he was not discontented there-with Going from Almagro the king came before the towne of Medellin belonging to the Lord of Albuquerque whereas Diego Gomes of Silua a Knight of Galicia a commanded the towne yeelded fearing the kings furie and soone after the castle the which the king in disdaine of the Lord of Albuquerque caused to be instantly razed after which hee led his army before Albuquerque the which was held in the name of their Lord by Martin Alphonso Botello a Genlteman of Portugall and vnder him commanded Peter Esteuanez Carpintero Commander maior of Calatraua The King hauing summoned them to yeeld the place vppon refusall he proclaymed them Rebels whereof the Portugall who was not his subiect made no accompt The Commander excused himselfe saying That the place was not in his power Wherefore he past on towards Cobdesera another place belonging to Don Iohn Alphonso the which he would not take so as after some skirmishes he left Don Henry Earle of Transtamare and Don Frederic Master of S. Iames his breethren who followed him against their wils and he came to Caceres Afterwards he resolued to send ambassadors into Portugall whither the Lord of Albuquerque was retired to demand him of the king of Portugall as his
Segobia in the beginning of the yeare 1355. and from thence to Burgos 1355. where hee called a generall assembly of the Estates in the which hee complayned greatly of the Queene his mother and of the Princes and Noblemen confederates saying that they had detayned him prisoner in the city of Toro and had forced him to do many things against his will and dignitie demanding mony from his subiects that hee might make war against them and punish them according to their merits the which he obtained After the end of the Estates he came to Medina del campo where he caused to bee slaine in his owne lodging one day in the holy weeke Murthers commited by Don 〈◊〉 king of Castile Peter Ruis of Villega Gouernor generall of he frontier of Castile and Sancho Ruis of Rojas and caused many to be put in prison Returning to Toro he had an incounter with Don Henries men who went to ioyne with Don Frederic his brother at Talauera from whence they after marched to Toledo and had meanes to enter although their comming was not pleasing to all the Cittizens beeing the meanes to draw a warre uppon them as it happened for that the king followed them soone after and entred as it were by force constrayning them to depart This was a meanes for him to haue the Queene his wife in his power who was poorely defended by the diuided Toledains so as shee was sent to the castle of Siguença The king caused about foure and twenty Burgesses to be executed in the cittie by Iustice who had taken the Queenes part too openly among the which a Gold-smith about 80. years old beeing condemned and ready to be executed Cruel executions the city of Toledo his soone a young man of eighteen yeares of age presented himselfe who mooued with pietie and a filiall loue besought the king to do him the grace not to suffer his father to end the dayes of his old age after that manner offering to suffer death for him The king who had no royall part in him accepted the condition and caused this young innocent man to be executed who in regard of his pietie did merit to saue his fathers life and to liue himselfe with honour and reward due to so great vertue the name of this yong man through the negligence of Writers is supprest Piety of a son ill rewarded by D. Pedro. After these dishonorable exploites the king went to Cuenca which held for Queene Blanche but he could not take it whereupon he marched against Toro and brought all the warre into the territories of Leon and Biscay where his men were twise defeated by D. Tello and Iohn of Abendagno with the death and imprisonment of many The K being before Toro he had newes of the death of Don Iohn Garcia of Padilla brother to Donna Maria his mistris being chosen master of S. Iames against his brother Don Frederic whereat he was much grieued During this heauines there came vnto the campe William Bishop of Bolonia Cardinall of Saint Marie in Cosmedin Legate to Pope Innocent the sixth beeing sent to pacifie the troubles of Castile and to reconcile the King and Queene but he lost his labor and obtayed nothing of him but that hee procured the deliuerance of Peter Barroso a Doctor of the Lawes and bishop of Siguença who was prisoner for that he had held the Queenes party The king wrought so partly by force and partly by parlees and promises he as hee was suffered to enter into Toro vppon condition that hee should not kill any man the which he promised and kept according to his faith for he was no sooner entred but he caused to be slaine within the castell in the presence of the Queene his mother Peter Stephen Carpinter Master of Calatraua Ruis Gonçales of Castagneda Martin Alphonso Tello and Alphonso Telles the which Queene Mary did so abhorre as shee swounded and was in danger of death and soone after not able to endure the sight of her sons cruelties Queen mother vnchast she demanded leaue to retire into Portugall to her father king D. Alphonso who caused her to be slayne soone after for that shee liued vnchast with Don Martin Telles The King Don Pedro did also cause to be slaine in Toro Gomes Manriques of Orihuela Diego Perez of Godoy Alphonso Gomes great Commander of Calatraua and many others The knights which defended the towne of Cuenca hearing of these bloudie executions left Castile and retired into Arragon others which held other places distrusting their strength abandoned them and past into France wherefore the king thinking himselfe now in a manner a conqueror transported with a tyrannous hatred against the Nobility of his Realme yea against his owne bloud he resolued to roote them out one after another not trusting in any one of them Hauing beseeged Palençcuela he watched an oportunity to kill the two Infants of Arragon his cousins Don Frederic his brother who was partly reconciled and Don Iohn de la Cerde but by reason of the absence of Doth Tello his brother whom he would catch in the same net he deferred it and the better to surprize him he made shew to pardon him and Don Iohn of Abendagno also and to remit all that was past This Don Iohn of Abendagno was one of the chiefe Knights of Biscay and without whose aduise Don Tello Lord of Biscay did not any thing Notwithstanding as the fauours of great men are vncertaine and wauering Don Tello enuying him for that he was rich D. Tello Lord of Biscay causeth D. Iohn of Abendagno to be murthered and welbeloued in the countrie caused him to bee slaine awhile after in the towne of Bilbora Palençuela being taken by composition the king Don Pedro made a tourney at Tordesillas whree he had resolued to murther Don Frederic his brother and others notwithstanding hauing by the same treason caused two other Knights to bee slaine the one of Toledo the other of Vailledolit he thought it sufficient for this time and deferred this execution vntill another oportunitie Don Henry who was in the Asturia's seeing that all were brought vnder and reconciled vnto the king he demanded leaue afarre off and obtained it for hee would not trust the king but vpon good termes and went to serue the French king Passing by the mountains of Asturia he escaped many ambushes which the king had layd for him notwithstanding his assurance giuen but he was ordayned to better fortune wherefore beeing come into Biscay and hauing there conferred with Don Tello his brother hee imbarked and landed at Rochel from whence he went to Paris to King Iohn then raigning who receiued him and honoured him much The king of Arragon was aduertised of all these troubles and alterations beeing then resident at Perpignan for the which he was not sorie At that time there raigned three bad kings in Spaine this Don Pedro king of Castile Don Pedro of Arragon and Don Charles of Nauarre violent Princes
Leonora dowager of Arragon and her children D. Fernand and Don Iohn gaue himselfe to some reformation of politicke things and in the yeare 1350. he abolished the vse of Caesars Aera according to the which they did accompt the yeares and did date their contracts all letters gouerning all their negotiations in Arragon after the ancient manner of Spaine commanding from thence-foorth to follow the computation of yeares taken from the Natiuity of our Lord Iesus Christ. AEra of Caesar abolished in Arragon This manner of computation by Aera had bin brought in by the ancient Spaniards to gratifie Augustus Caesar accompting their yeres from that time that they made a diuision of the world with Mark Anthony and Lepidus Spaine among other Prouinces of Europe was fallen to him alone which was the 4. yeare of his Empire and 38. yeares before the Natiuity of our Lord. The yeare 1351. 1351. following D. Iohn his son beeing borne at Perpignan of his third wife Girone a principality for the eldest son of Arragon D. Leonora of Sicile or Constance according to some hee instantly made him duke of Girone called him Prince of Girone which title the eldest son of Arragon hath since caried and gaue him to be bred vp to Bernard of Cabrera one of his most truly Councellers Moreouer he would haue the Estates sweare vnto this Infant in the towne of Perpignan as heire presumptiue of the Crowne but he was diuerted from this desseine by the perswasions of D. Pedro of Xerica D. Iohn Fernandes of Heredia Prior of S. Iohn and of D. Iohn Lopes of Sesebio Iustice of Arragon who aduertised him that the oath accustomed to be made to kings children and to kings themselues was alwaies first done in Arragon and in the city of Sarragossa and that to breake this order without vrgent occasion could not but breed confusions The ambassadors of Iohn the French king came to him to Perpignan who treated againe of a marriage betwixt Lewis of France duke of Aniou and Ieanne 2. daughter to the king D. Pedro the which took no better effect then the other which had bin treated for D. Constance the eldest There came also vnto this K. ambassadors from the Venetians and Geneuois who were at great wars among themselues either of them affecting his fauor but he inclined most to the common-weale of Genoa as the most profitable for his affaires especially in regard of the Iland of Sardinia but by the perswasion of D. Bernard of Cabrera laying before him the ancient hatred of the Geneuois against the Cattelans their many trecheries of their citizens against the crown of Arragon he made a league with the Venetians in their fauor armed against the Geneuois commanding Ponce of S. Paix League betwixt the king of Arragon the Venetians Generall of the Cattelan army to go into Sicily with 26. gallies well armed the which he did to whom there afterwards ioyned 20. Venetian gallies in the port of Messina commanded by Pancrace Iustinian The Geneuois for their parts had rigged out 65. gallies whereof Perin of Grimaldi was Generall who being past litle before sayling towards Constantinople against the walles of which citty the common-weale of Genoa held the town of Pera were followed by the Arragonois and Venetian armie beeing increased besides the gallies of Iustinian by 16. other Venetian gallies commanded by Nicholas Piçan and of 4. of Valence whereof Ripol a Cattelan had the charge and moreouer of 9. gallies of Iohn Paleologue Emperour of Constantinople then raigning The two armies coming to fight in the streight of the Bosphore of Thrace the Cauelans and Venetians had the victory but very bloudy for they lost 14. gallies yet most of the soldiers were saued Ponce of S. Paix chiefe of the Cattelans with the toyle he had endured that day and it may be by some wounds he had receiued dyed soone after at Constantinople Battel very cruel betwixt the Genouois and Venetians Ricol was slaine in the fight Pancrace Iustinian dyed also at Constantinople of the wounds he had receiued and there dyed many other Gentlemen and Venetian soldiers during the conflict As for the Geneuois there were 24. gallies taken or sunke with all their burthens the rest of the Cattelans hauing repaired 11. gallies which remayned of their fleet able to serue for the rest were so broken as they were altogether vnprofitable mette at Negrepont whereas 12. gallies of Cattelogne and Valencia sent for a supply by the King D. Pedro did also enter and there they also ioyned with the rest of the Venetian gallies These two States being perswaded by the Pope Christian Princes to make a peace the king of Arragon in the end remayned an enemy to Genoa for notwithstanding all the perswasions of the Popes Nuncio he stil answered that he would haue no friendship with the common-weale vnlesse they would quit vnto him the Iland of Corsica and that their souldiers should dislodge out of Sardinia To crosse this peace betwixt the Venetians and Genouois the king D. Pedro sent Raymondus Lullius in ambassage vnto Venice he was son or kinsman to him that was the greatest Philosopher of his age This was in the yeare 1352 in the which the Prince D. Iohn the kings son The Prince D. Iohn sworne heire presumptiut was sworne heire and successor to the realme in the city of Saragossa after the accustomed manner There were ciuill warres with strange and trecherous reuolts at that time in Sardynia where as the Geneuois held Alguer and the castle Genouois with whom many Sardinians ioyned and Marian Iudge of Arborea a great fauorer vntill that time of the Arragon name in that Iland with others whom they suspected not fel from the king D. Pedro so as D. Rambaud of Corbera the Gouernor could hardly resist so great a fury to whome there arriued D. Stephen of Arragon son to William Duke of Athens being sent by the K. D. Pedro with gallies and soldiers and in the yeare 1353. D. Bernard of Cabrera was sent with 45. vessels called Vxeres who hauing ioyned with 20. Venetian gallies An. 1353. whereof Nicholas Pisan was chief they came to fight with an army of Genouois led by Anthony Grimaldi in the view of Alguer where as the Genouois were defeated with the losse of 35. gallies and aboue 3000. prisoners wherupon Alguer was then abandoned by the Dorian faction of which family Fabian Rosso found among the prisoners was beheaded for that he did rebell vpon euery occasion This rigour vsed to Fabian did so incense him against the Arragonois as hauing perswaded them of Alguer to a new rebellion and in steade of Iudge of Arborea he caused himselfe to be called king of Sardinia which title he tooke at the instigation of Timber of Rocabertin his wife beeing desirous aboue all the women of her time to be called Queene D. Bernard of Cabrera did afterwards giue a defeat at land to the
name of Christians Whilest the King lay idle in Andalusia beeing too much giuen to women he courted Donna Aldonça Cornel daughter to the deceased Don Alphonso Fernandes Cornel whom he had caused to be slain and wife to D. Aluar Perez of Guzman his rebell but yet he did not forget D. Maria of Padilla Besides this vice hee continued his cruelty against the Nobility for that yeare 1358. An. 1358. he caused his brother D. Frederic Master of S. Iames to be slain in the town of Carmona D. Frederic the kings brother and other Noblemen put to death being newly come out of Murcia where hee had in his name recouered Iumilla from the Arragonois who had taken it There was also slaine by his commandement Sancho Ruis of Rojas at Cordoua he also put to death Peter Cabrera Fernand Alphonso of Gates and at Salamanca Alphonso Geoffrey Tenorto at Toro Alphonso Peres Fermosino and in the castell of Moja Garci Mendez of Toledo and moreouer he caused Lope Sanches of Abendagno great Commander of Castile to bee put to death and others in diuers places according to his humour and discontentment yet seeking to couer these executions with a cloake of Iustice publishing declarations containing the crimes of such as he had put to death although it were apparent that they were but reuenges for that all or the most part of them had not approued his excesse or had in some sort opposed themselues In which murthers employed two were much fauored by him who afterwards fell into the same misfortune for a recompence of their good seruices as it happened to his cousin D. Iohn of Arragon sonne to the Queene D. Leonora who being an actor in the death of D. Frederic maister of Saint Iames did willingly follow the King in a voiage he made into Biscay to disposse D. Tello his other brothr of that Lordship and to kill him The King being sodainely arriued at Aguilar del Campo he had surprized D. Tello being a hunting and not dreaming of his comming had he not beene aduertised by a Squire of his called Guttiere Guerra but through this aduertisment he escaped and retired to Vermeo the chiefe towne of Biscay where getting into a fisher boate he saued himselfe at Saint Iohn de Luz and from thence retired to Bayone He was not farre at sea before the King came to Vermeo who hearing that he was dislodged he beganne to pursue him by sea and went as Farre as Legueytio but descouering nothing and the sea withall beginning to grow high returned and carried away prisoner D. Ieanne of Lara wife to D. Tello Inheretrix of Biscay 〈…〉 The King being at Vermeo D. Iohn of Arragon who had married D. Isabella of Lara the other sister besought him to grant him that Lordship seeing that D. Tello had shewed himselfe contumacious his wife being also prisoner that he had married the other sister to whom the King answered cunningly that hee would haue the Biscains assemble in the towne of Guernica according to their ancient preuiledges and there choose their Lord and that for his part he would labour to haue him chosen the which did satisfie D. Iohn for the present In the meane time the King did let the chiefe of the assembly vnderstand that when they were together and the King should propound vnto them for to choose D. Iohn of Arragon they should all cry out that they would haue no other Lord then the King himselfe and his successors Kings the which they did as they had beene enioyned so as D. Iohn of Arragon found himselfe frustrate of his hopes This generall assembly of Biscay is called in her countrie language Batçaar which is as much to say as an assembly of ancients The King being come from Guernica to Bilbao hee sent for D. Iohn of Arragon to his lodging and there commanded he should be slaine in his presence D. Iohn of Arragon slaine in the Kings lodging and in his presence and his body to be cast out at the window which looked into the court the which was ful of people and crying woth a loude voice Behold your Lord of Biscay who demaunded you then he caused him to be carried to Buâ—gos and there to be cast into the riuer and would not suffer him to be buried and for that his mother D. Leonora Dowager of Arragon and his wife D. Isabell were greeued for this cruel act he caused them to be shut vp prisoners in the castle of Castro Xeris This was the reward of Iohn of Arragon who had to please a tyrant consented to the death of many great personages yea his neere kinsmen The King being come to Vailledolit he had resolued to sacrifice some in that towne but hearing that D. Henry of castile Earle of Transtamara and D. Fernand of Arragon brother to D. Iohn did ouerrunne the countries of Soria and Almajan and that of Murcia he did forbeare and hauing put great garrisons into the places about Soria he came to Seuile being resolued to doe all acts of hostility both by land and sea against the King of Arragon He had made ready eighteene gallies with the which and great forces by land he came and beseeged Guardamar and tooke it and for that it did belong to the Infant D. Fernand he burnt the towne but he could not take the castle But sodainely a violent winde tooke his gallies vpon that coast so as sixteene of them ranne on ground yet he returned againe into Murcia and was nothing amazed thereat for he was of a proude and haughty spirit but caused many other gallies to be built at Seuile and commanded that all the ships in Galicia Biscay and Guipuscoa should come thether in the beginning of the yeere 1359. An. 1359. to inuade the Realmes of Valence Cattelogne and Arragon During these exploits of warre D. Pedro King of Arragon charged him of Castile with disloyaltie and treason before the Pope and challenged him by Bernard Galscran of Pinos to whom the King of Arragon would haue giuen the title of King of Majorca that he might be equal in quality to the King of Castile but this was a mocquery Marriage of Isabel of Maâ—orca to the Marquis of Montferrat This yeere was married D. Isabel daughter to the vnfortunate Don Iames King of Majorca to Iohn Marquis of Montferrat to whom the King of Arragon gaue fifty thousand florins in dowry vpon condition that she should renounce all her fathers rights and so she did The King of Arragon being then at Saragossa he renued and confirmed to the Nobility of that city whom they call Ermunios the preuiledge they haue not to goe to the warres but when the King is in person ready to giue battaile or to assaile some place and declared that if any one of these preuiledged persons had followed him beyond these limitations that it should be no preiudice to their rights There he gaue the charge of the warre for the preseruation of the
wont to be one of the members thereof with the title of a Iudge ordayning that from thence-foorth that country should bee confused betwixt the Cap of Cailleri and of Lugudori To returne vnto the promises and capitulations made betwixt the two kings of Nauar and Arragon there was no due execution thereof Nauarre neither were the hostages which had beene promised deliuered for it is no ordinarie thing in such treaties to haue deedes follow words these Princes beeing in continuall iealousie and distrust one of anotherâ—wherfore the King of Nauar Princes in continuall distrust receiuing no mony from the king of Arragon he did not furnish him with men to oppose against the army of Castile which was entred into the territories of Valence beginning withall to thinke of many desseins nothing fauourable for the king of Arragon If the king of Nauar hauing deceiued the king of Castile sought to do the like vnto him of Arragon the king of Arragon for his part did no lesse vnto the king of Nauarre for he had sent his ambassadours into France who treated a league at Tholousa with the Deputies of Charles the fifth the French king and with Lewis D. of Aniou his brother by the which the French promised to ayde the king of Arragon to conquer the realme of Nauar and to spoile K. Charles and hauing conquered it they bound themselues to furnish him alwaies with 500. lances against any one that should seek to dispossesse him The K. of Arragon promised also for his part to ayde the the French to conquer Guienna and to expell the English These accords were made in the yeare 1364 Charles the fifth the French king and Charles 2. king of Nauar being enemies But as they were Frenchmen and brothers-in-law they were reconciled afterwards concluded a peace so as the king of Arragon lost his paines and the allyance which he had sought in France serued him to no vse yet the war continued that yeare betwixt the French and the partisans of the K. of Nauar in France but in the yeare 1365. An. 1365. Queen Ieanne wife to the king of Nauar made hast to come to the French Court to treat a peace betwixt the two kings whereof the one was her husband and the other her brother for the K. of Arragon did importune the French king to effect the league concluded the yeare before at Tholousa especially for the conquest of Nauar for which reason he had sent new ambassadours vnto him that yeare The k. of Nauar being aduertised of all these things prest the Queene his wife to go this iourny notwithstanding that she was with child Her voyage for that time did produce nothing but a good truce but afterward there was a peace made by the great care of the two Queens Ieanne wife to the k. of Nauar and Blanche his sister by the dexteritie iudgement and wisedome of Captal of Buch then prisoner to the French for the factions of Nauar. The Q. of Nauar being at Eureux in the yeare 1366. An. 1366. she was deliuered of a son called Peter he had the title of Earle of Mortaing after her vp-rising she returned into Nauarre carrying her eldest son Charles who was but foure yeares old with her and that which was newly borne These kings of Nauar and Arragon Arragon being thus busied and irresolute in their desseines durst not inuade one another and in the meane time he of Castile pursued the war with al violence in the country of Valence and there took Orihuela where was slaine D. Alphonso Perez of Guzman Lord of S. Lucar son to D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman and grand-child to D. Alphonso Perez of Guzman the good To him succeeded him brother D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman The Arragonois also for their part tooke Moruiedro for want of victuals D. Gomes of Porras Prior of S. Iohn the Gouernor yeelded it vpon condition that he and his should be safely sent into Castile yet the Earle D. Henry who was at this seege preuailed so by his honest perswasions and promises as the Prior was content to stay with him who by that means retained about 600. men laying before them the fury of D. Pedro K. of Castile who excused nothing and punished as well those which had behaued themselues valiantly in the yeelding of such places as those which had shewed themselues base and cowards These were the last exploits of war betwixt Arragon and Castile At that time there was brought into Spain the body of the Cardinal of S. Clement somtimes Archb. of Toledo Castille Legat à latere in Italy who died at Viterbo hauing gouerned the affairs of the Romane sea to the great content of Pope Vrbon the 5. who did wonderfully grieue for him and made all the shewes of mourning which Popes are accustomed to do at the death of their faithfull friends This Prelate during his legation prepared the Popes accesse into the citty of Rome Returne of the Popes Court tâ— Rome and was the means to bring the papall seate thither againe for hee supprest many tyrants in Italy and brought them to the obedience of the Roman sea so as Gregory the 11. successor to Vrban came to Rome in the yeare 1366. This Cardinal had ordained by his testament that his body should be buried in the city of Toledo if it might be suffered by the K. D. Pedro then raigning or his successor the which was executed and his bones which lay in the towne of Assisi in the monastery of S. Francis were carried by land to Toledo many offering to carry the Beere wheron this dead carcas lay in hope to get pardon of their sins for that the Pope had granted vnto them that shold employ themselues in this seruice the like indulgences as are giuen vnto them that do visit the churches of S. Peter and S. Paul at Rome in the yeare of Iubile The time approched when as the King Don Pedro should be punished for his excesse and serue as a witnes to the world Expedition of D. Henry of Castile against his brother D. Pedro and his victorie that the feare of subiects gotten by the cruelty of Princes is a bad gard for their maiesty and a weak assurance of their Crowns The death of Q. Blanche of Bourbon whom the king D. Pedro had poisoned after that he had intreated her a long time most barbarously ministred the occasion of his ruine for being for this cause odious to all the French D. Henry Earle of Transtamara who was vigilant to embrace all things that might serue him to reuenge the death of his mother and brethren of so many iniuries which hee had receiued of this wretched king found fauour and helpe in France And it fell out very fitly that the wars being ended in France as well against the English and King of Nauarre as betwixt the Earles of Montfort and Blois contending for the succession of Brittanie this Realme was
need of any enemies for that he feared the King of Castile caused the trouble of Borja to cease and commanded the Brittons to deliuer the Infant D. Pedro who beeing carried to Tudelo Oliuer of Maulny was also deliuered As for the marriage although the King of Arragon did much desire it yet the King of Nauarre hauing retired his sonne did not much care for it meaning first to see what should become of the broiles of Castile 21 The King D. Pedro the cruell Castile victorious but insolent and treacherous as of custome could not conteine himselfe within the bounds of modesty and reason neither to his subiects nor to strangers English French and others who had seated him in his Kingdome There were great controuersies amongst them for prisoners and ransomes D Pedro King of Castile discontents the English and other strangers and the souldiars pay yet after much disputing there was some kinde of agreement D. Pedro King of Castile sent D. Pedro Fernandes Peres of Ayala with the Deputies of the Prince of Wales to put them in possession of the Lordship of Biscay and Castro of Ordiales according vnto their accords but the Biscains beeing aduertised that what the King did was onely to content the Prince of Wales and to shew that hee had a will to performe his promise but not that he had any meaning to maintaine it besides that of their owne dispositions they did abhor the command of strangers they would neuer receiue these Deputies nor consent that they should be put in possession of their country which was the cause of great troubles The King seeming to bee much discontented at these difficulties made a sollemne oth in the chiefe Church of Burgos that hee would put the Prince of Wales in possession of the Siegneuries of Biscay D. Pedro seeing himselfe restored to his Realme he desired to know what the destynies did promise him and therefore he demanded aduice of a councellor to the King of Granado called Aben-Hatin a great and learned Astrologian and Phylosopher who sent him a letter full of learning saying that hee must looke vnto his owne carriage and how hee gouerned his subiects for thereon depended the continuance of his raigne Holy aduertisments of a Phylosopher Moore to D. Pedro. either long or short and the continuance of the scepter in his family adding many precepts the which if hee had duly obserued without doubt he had raigned securely in peace but hee fel into his frenezies and cruelties the which did so estrange the hearts of those which abhorred his forepassed tyranies as his fall must needes bee miserable Hee parted from Burgos and went to seeke meanes to content the English commanding that as soone as he should bee out of the city they should put to death Ruy Ponce Palomeque and some others whom hee had caused to be put into the castle of Burgos Being come nere vnto Toledo he would haue hostages of the Inhabitants for his assurance and there hee put to death seuenteene of the chiefe of the city then hee went to Cordoua from which place he sent to Seuile that they should put to death Gil Bocanegra D. Iohn Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchene and Alphonso Aluares of Quadros with an other called Alphonso Fernandes Hee caused many to be disparched at Cordoua before hee came to Seuile where beeing arriued hee caused Donna Vrraca Osorio mother to D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman to bee slaine and Martin Iames his high treasorer taking great delight in his murthers and reuenges vpon these miserable creatures for that he had not found them ready to follow his fortune or for some other discontentment forgeting that for such inhumanities and tyranies he had beene once cast out of Spaine He caused D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua A Moore more kinde then D. Pedro a Christian King to be apprehended and would haue put him to death but the King of Granado demanded him in guift and did so much as he saued his life He had done more if time and meanes had permitted but God preuented him for D. Henry stayed not long to depriue him both of realme and life After the losse of the battaile D. Henry came into the country of Foix where beeing well entertained by the Earle and furnished with all things befitting such a knight hee went to Auignon whereas Pope Vrbain the fifth did raigne who did loue and esteeme him much and therefore he receiued him courteously and delt with Lewis Duke of Aniou brother to the French King and Gouernor of Languedoc to giue him meanes to raise a new army to returne into Spaine whether many friends recalled him assuring him that the cruelties which the King D. Pedro continued prepared him the way to recouer his good fortune and that now there was not any difficulty to settle him firmely neither need they feare that D. Pedro should finde fauour or succors with the English whom he had defrauded of their pay and recompences promise and sent home discontented D. Iranne wife to D. Henry and his children finding themselues not very safe in Arragon by reason of the friendship that was betwixt the King of Arragon and the Prince of Wales they had past into France whereas they remained in the castle of Perapertuse vnto the end of the warre such was the diligence of D. Henry and of his friends as hee obtained from the King fiue thousand pounds starling in ready money and liberty to leauy souldiars within his Realme D. Henry bastard of Castile aided againe by the French Hee had also succors both of money and men from the Duke of Aniou from Guy Cardinal of Bologne and other Noblemen of France beeing incensed against the King D. Pedro the murtherer of Queene Blanthe of Bourbon his wife notwithstanding D. Henry found many great difficulties an ordinary thing for those that are in aduersity for the French King feared least the English should take it ill that he gaue succors vnto their enemy and to make such a preparation for warre as was necessary he had neede of a great masse of money which was the greatest hindrance of his affaires Some therevpon write that in one day hee caused all the money to be seized on that was in Auignon in marchants and Banquers hands the Pope giuing his consent and hee promising vpon the faith of a Prince to restore it In the end he had meanes to raise a good army but before he began to march he had certaine newes that the Prince of Wales was returned into Guienne much discontented with the King D. Pedro and moreouer that all the Prouince of Guipuscoa except Saint Sebastien and Guetaria the townes of Biscay Segobia Vailledolit Palence Auila Guadalajara Salamanca Medina del Campo Toro Almedo Areualo Coca Madrigal Carrion Sepulueda Aillon Atiença Illescas with many other forts held his party Whilest that D. Arragon Henry ptopares to passe into Spaine some of the English and French souldiars returning
to their partie The king of Arragon demanded the Realme of Murcia the townes of Requegna Otiel Moya Cagnete the citty of Cuenca and the Segneurie of Molina with other places vppon the frontier of Castile whereof he held some but hoping he should haue a better composition with the king D. Henry he kept himselfe betwixt both being doubtfull what to do so as nothing was concluded for that time with the ambassadors of England During these reuolutions in Spaine in temporall affaires religion was managed by diuers fects of Monkes especially by the begging Friars of Saint Dominick and Saint Francis who this yeare incensed the people against a new Order which had risen in Spaine in the time of the king Don Pedro through the deuout ignorance of certaine Italians of Sienna religious Hermits who had heard one of their companions called Friar Thomas say dying by a Propheticall spirit Order of Saint Ierom in Spain sayd they that within few dayes the holy Ghost should come into Spaine and that he had this by reuelation wherfore all these religious men thinking that the holy Ghost did not frequent much in Italy in those times and that it was something which they must seeke farre off in a strange countrie they left Italy and came into the countrie of Toledo hoping to get the grace of the holy Ghost and therby saue their soules The fame of these men being spred ouer Spaine a bishop of Iaen called D. Alphonso Pecha and Don Pero Fernand Pecha his brother Chamberlaine to the king Don Pedro Hernando Ianes Chanoine of Toledo and chiefe Chaplaine of the chappell of the auncient Kings with many other Christians commending the resolution of these Friars and their ignorance being desirous to liue in that contemplation ioyned with them leauing Bishoprickes Chanonries Benefices and Estates and chusing their aboads in caues and woods farre from the societie of men where they began to liue a wonderfull austere life saying that it was according to the rule of Saint Paul that they must suffer many discommodities to liue like Christians and that it was the meanes to gaine Paradice This sect beeing in great esteeme the begging Friars began to blame the people for following of these men who had no setled Order nor discipline among them and which did more import had no approbation from the Pope For these reasons the inconstant multitude began to retire themselues and to abate much of their deuotion which these good Hermits finding to their great griefe they tooke councell among themselues to send vnto the Pope to get authoritie from him for a name rule profession order and aboade The messengers were Friar Peter Fernandez of Guadajara and Friar Peter Romaine of their company who beeing come before the Pope exposed their deuotion vnto him their maner of life Approbation of the Order of S. Ierome by the Pope exercises in religion their means and merits beseeching him that he would bee pleased to approoue their Order and profession giuing them for Patron the great Doctor Saint Ierome to whome all were most addicted The Pope made no difficultie to allow of them hauing had some former information of that which they had sayd appointing them to liue vnder the rule of S. Augustine hee prescribed what manner of garment they should weare and sent backe these Deputies into Spaine with Buls in October 1373. By this approbation from the Pope these Monkes crept into credit and did build their first conuent in a place called Lupiana in the Archbishoppricke of Toledo two leagues from Guadalajara dedicating it to Saint Bartholomew the which was since the chiefe of the Order the Prior of which Monasterie is Generall of the Order for three yeares and is bound to reside in that Monasterie during his charge Since by the bountie of the Princes of Spaine these Hermits haue built many Conuents and haue greatly inlarged their possessions Their exercise is more in singing then studying the which they do neglect expresly to the end they might not be diuerted from their simple contemplation notwithstanding there haue beene some great Preachers found among them and men of vnderstanding in great affaires of State Returning to politicke worldly affaires the king D. Henry beeing aduertised of the practises betwixt the English and the king of Arragon he sought to entertain the hope of compromise propounded by the Cardinall Guy of Bologne who by the Popes commandement was a mediator to make this peace In the meane time hee had intelligence with Lewis Duke of Aniou Gouernor of Languedoc and concluded that hee should presse the English towards Bayone and the duke of Aniou vppon the limits of his gouernment and then hauing ioyned their forces together they shold annoy them all they could in Guienne for he had intelligence that Iohn Duke of Lancaster had imparted his enterprises and ioyned his forces with those of Iohn of Montfort Duke of Brittaine making preparation to enter into Castile 〈…〉 against D Henry of Castile the which he thought fit to preuent and to assaile him in Guienne whilest that Philip the Hardy Duke of Bourgongne and brother to the French king made warre against the English in Artois and Vermandois and to this effect the king D. Henry gaue order to rayse an armie in Rioja Whilest that the troupes were leuying the Court being at Burgos there fell a quarrell betwixt the seruants of D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque the kings brother and them of D. Pedro Gonçales of Mendoça for their lodgings whether the Earle running to pacifie this broyle whereof neither hee nor D. Pedro were guilty he was thrust through with a lance and slaine by one that knew him not The king parting from Burgos came to Rioja where hauing mustred his army he found 6200. horse whereof 1200. were Genets with the which he past to Bayone being assured by the Duke of Aniou that he would come and ioyne with him And to keepe the king of Arragon in awe Don Iames Infant of Majorca husband to Ieanne Queene of Naples was come to Narbone with good troupes threatning to enter into Cattelogne The K. D. Henry passing by Alaua and Guipuscoa entred into the territorie of Bayone D. Henry of Castile 〈◊〉 Guiâ—nnâ— wiâ—h an army against the English where he found no great resistance for the armie of English which had beene hotly pursued by the Duke of Bourgongne beeing come to Bourdeaux was much dminished There he stayed some dayes for the Duke of Aniou hauing sent Pero Fernandes of Velasco his Lord Chamberlaine and Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan to hasten him but they found him busied in taking of townes and castels from the English some by force some by composition so as the king Don Henry returned with his army into Spaine hauing done no great exploite Passing through Guipuscoa Don Bertrand of Gueuara Lord of Ognate who had done him great seruice made sute vnto him to giue him the towne of Mondragon whereof the Inhabitants beeing aduertised they
sent their Deputies to informe the king what wrong he should do himselfe if hee should alienate such a place from the Crown the which besides the great commerce by reason of the forges of Iron and steele which were continually set a worke thereabouts was a fort of great consequence vppon the which there might be many desseines made for the castell which was then entire was impregnable beseeching him to be an eye witnesse and to passe by the place remembring that the Inhabitants of Mondragon had beene alwaies faithfull vnto him and that during the warres betwixt him and the King Don Pedro they had alwayes followed his partie The king promised to passe by their towne wherefore the Inhabitants thereof and of the countrie thereabouts beganne to make the lower way which goes from that towne to Ognate whereas before they wer forced to passe the mountaine called Bacue to the end the King should not be tyred with passing ouer it This passage is at this day called Euripide a corrupted word in sted of Erreguevide the which in that countrie language signifies a way for the king The King Don Henry hauing viewed the situation of the towne and fort with the commodities thereof and considered of the Inhabitants reasons he would not yeeld vnto the petition of Don Bertrand of Gueuara but he gaue him in recompence the valley of Leniz with all iurisdiction both ciuill and criminall This valley was wont to depend vppon Mondragon but then it was taken from it and the sayd Bertrand and his successors haue enioyed it for the space of an hundred fourescore and two yeares or there-abouts vnto the yeare 1556. when it was vnited vnto the Crowne by a decree of the Kings Councell of Castile The king parting from Mondragon returned to Burgos from whence he past to Leon and then to Seuile Whilest that the king of Arragon was attentiue to the warre against the English the Infant Don Iames of Majorca Arragon husband to the Queene of Naples entred into Cattelogne with fifteene hundred lances beeing assisted by the Kings of France and Castile and by the Duke of Aniou where he did much harme On the other side Bernard bastard of Foix first Duke of Medina Celi and Geoffrey Rechon a Knight of Brittanie Lord of Aguilar del campo allyed and friends to the Infant of Majorca spoyled the countrie of Arragon by Medina Celi the which did wonderfully trouble the King of Arragon and made him studie how hee might speedily end the controuersies which he had with the king Don Henry The Infant Don Iames of Majorca hauing spoyled Cattelogne past into Arragon to do the like but he was forced to retire for want of victuals leading his armie into Castile where he fell sicke and dyed in Almaçan in the beginning of the yeare 1375. His troupes returned into Gasconie with Iohn of Malestit their chiefe leader In this armie was Ieanne of Majorca Marquesse of Montferrat sister to the deceased Don Iames who past also into Gasconie Some were of opinion that this attempt of the Infant of Majorca was not without the intelligence of some great men of Arragon who had drawne him into the countrie whereof the king made diligent informations At that time there was so great a dearth in Arragon as they were forced to begge a passage for corne out of Affricke and Mauritania the which did warrant the country from this inuasion more then any resistance that the king D. Pedro could make This yeare 1374. the King of Castile redeemed from Bertrand of Guesclin Constable of France An. 1374. Castille the towne of Soria and the rights of Molina which he had giuen him paying him 240000. doublons and moreouer he gaue him the Earle of Pembrooke an English man who was a prisoner and set at 10000. pounds sterling for his ransome and the Lord of Piene for 3400. pounds with many other knights and Captains English or their partisans as well for this redemption as for the remainder which was due to him his troups And holding alwaies good correspondencie with the French K. during the war against the English he sent him a good armie by sea whereof D. Fernand Sanches of Touar was Admirall the which beeing ioyned vnto the French did much annoy the English coasts The practises of a peace betwixt Castile and Arragon being continued the ambassadors of both kings met at Almaçan whether came to Queene of Castile and her sonne D. Iohn There were for Castile the Bishops of Plaisance and Palence and D. Pedro Gonçales Of Mendoça Lord Steward to the Infant of Castile with his brother D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Standard bearer also to the Infant Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Chamberlaine to the king For the king of Arragon came the Archb. of Sarragossa and D. Raymond Alaman Ceruillon who treated of the differences betwixt the two kings with great eagernesse in the presence of the Queene of Castile The king D. Henry demanded that the Infanta D. Leonora daughter to D. Pedro king of Arragon should bee deliuered to the Infant D. Iohn his Son to whom she was made sure The king of Arragon answered that the king of Castile must performe that which he had promised and sworne when he came first out of France into Castile by Arragon which was to giue him the lands often before mentioned whereunto he of Castile replyed that he was no more bound for that the king of Arragon had beene since in League with the Prince of Wales his enemie and had had many treaties with other Princes to his preiudice Moreouer that returning the second time out of France he had not giuen him free passage through Arragon Besides these maine articles there were others of lesse consequence all which were reconciled by these Deputies The accord was made the twelfth of Aprill 1374. Accord betwixt D. Henry King of Castile and D. Pedro king of Arragon in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Almaçan as followeth That the Infanta Donna Leonora of Arragon should bee giuen to the Infant Don Iohn of Castile as his lawfull wife with a dowrie of two hundred thousand Florens of the coyne of Arragon which summe the king Don Henry should hold for receiued for the charges which the king of Arragon might haue beene at in the first passage which hee made through Arragon into Castile The King of Arragon should restore Molina Almaçan and other places which he had gotten during the troubles of Spaine and to auoyde all future controuersies betwixt the parties Don Henry king of Castile should pay vnto him of Arragon an hundred and eighty thousand Florens at dayes appointed For assurance whereof the forts of Requegna Otiel and Moya should be left in deposit◠in the hands of the Arch-bishop of Sarragossa and of Don Raymond Alaman of Ceruillon These things thus concluded the King D. Henry came to Soria with the Queene his wife and children whither the Infanta D. Leonora of Arragon was sent thither
the sonne of Marian the new Iudge of Arborea his father being lately deceased who shewed himselfe a more violent enemie against the Arragonois then his father had beene the which was the more to bee feared for that the Geneuois hauing broken the peace made and confirmed by Iohn Marquesse of Montferrat with the king of Arragon had entred into the Iland of Sardynia and ioyning their forces with them of the Iudge had attempted Pole neere to Cailleri and done many other acts of hostility This yeare 1377. An. 1377. Philip the Hardy Duke of Bougongne went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames of Galicia passing he visited the king Don Henry at Segobia who receiued him honorably and gaue him many rich presents About the same time D. Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo being dead this great and rich liuing was affected by many by reason whereof the Court of Castile was diuided into factions euery one fauouring his kinsman or friend that aspired to this dignitie not to be Ministers of the word of God and to instruct the people in Christian Religion but to be worldly great rich and mighty companions to Kings and commanders ouer armies according to the custome of that age The King Don Henry did much fauour D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Bishop of Siguença whose sister D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan had married Vpon this election where there were so many pretendants D. Iohn Ramires thinking he had need of the Popes fauor and authoritie went to Auignon well accompanied with Noblemen his friends and kinsmen but he did not obtaine that which he pretended for Pope Gregorie the eleuenth then raigning declared Don Pedro Tenorio Bishop of Coimbra Arch-bishop of Toledo Thus these Pretendants lost this rich bootie which they expected much vnlike vnto Don Martin Martines of Calaorra Arch-deacon of Calatraua in the church of Toledo who beeing chosen some yeares before by the Chapter and a generall consent to bee Bishop of Calaorra hee excused himselfe and would not accept of this dignitie which is one of the richest and of greatest iurisdiction in Spaine next to Toledo Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan returning by Cattelogne hee was desirous to kisse the king of Arragons hands beeing at Barcelona whither came the Vicount of Rueda who in the kings presence accused Don Iohn Ramires of certaine crimes offering him the combate if hee should deny it Don Iohn Ramires regarding his honour accepted of this challenge for the performance whereof the King of Arragon assigned ninetie dayes at which time Don Iohn should present himselfe to the combate or else they would proceede against him according to the lawes and orders of combats Don Iohn Ramires returned in the meane time into Castile and made relation vnto the King Don Henry how he had beene challenged and that he must present himselfe in Arragon at the day appointed wheeras his enemie was much fauoured by the king Don Pedro the which the king of Castile hauing well considered and fearing that Don Iohn Ramires whome he loued deaâ—ely for his integritie and vertues should receiue some indignitie in a countrie where he was not beloued he resolued to send a gentleman to the King of Arragon to let him vnderstand that no man liuing was better acquainted then himselfe with the qualities and conditions of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan and how that he had carried himselfe like a Knight of honour in all his actions euen when hee was Chamberlaine to the same king of Arragon and employed by him in the warre against Don Pedro king of Castile wherefore he intreated him to cause this appeale made by the Vicount to cease whereof the King seeking to excuse himselfe the Ambassador replyed Sir Ambassadors speech to the King of Arragon seeing it is your pleasure that this combate shall be fought vnderstand that the King of Castile my Lord is resolued to send at the time you haue appointed three thousand Lances to accompanie Don Iohn Ramires to the end that hee may be no way inferiour neither for the safetie of his person nor for support vnto his aduersarie seeing that the quarrell must be decided in a strange Countrie where as the Prince shewes himselfe partiall The King Don Pedro taking these words in ill part fell into a great dispute with this Gentleman who made him a discreet answer wherefore fearing that this might kindle a new fire betwixt Castile and Arragon after much consultation hee commanded the Vicount to desist from his challenge declaring that Don Iohn Ramires was a good Knight Thus past the affaires betwixt Castile and Arragon in the yeare 1376. At which time Don Charles Infant of Nauarre Nauarre beeing desirous to visite the Court of France did so importune the King his father as hee got leaue from the which hee was much disswaded by the King of Castile his father-in-law Detentiâ—n of the Prince of Nauarre who assuredly knew what reasons the French King had to hate the King of Nauarre For besides that hee had perswaded him to leaue and abandon the league of France and to adhere vnto the English as wee haue before shewed hee had since ingaged and deliuered vnto them the Towne of Cherbourg in Normandy and entertained many practises to the preiudice and discommoditie of France whereof the French King was particularly aduertised Notwithstanding all this the Infant Don Charles went on his intended and determined iourney presuming that hee had not offended any way the King his Vncle and that he would not make any question vnto him concerning the controuersies and oppositions which were betwixt him and his father and that whatsoeuer should happen beyond his expectation hee would retire himselfe to those places which the king his father had in the confines of Normandie and not approch neere the Court without promise of assurance With this resolution hee left Nauarre very well attended on with a companie of gentlemen and men of councell among the which were Baldwin Belloferant Captaine of many places in Normandy belonging to the king of Nauarre the which he held by homage Iames of Rue a knight and Chamberlaine to the king the Seigneur of Ortubia Captaine of the Infants Guard a Basque by nation within two leagues of Fontaraby Peter of Estampes a Doctor of Diuinity and Councellour to the king with diuers others The French king beeing aduertised before-hand of this voyage as soone as they were entred into France he caused Iames of Rue to be taken who was found seazed of certaine papers and instructions which did much augment the iealousie of the French being put to the racke he confest that the king his master had plotted with the English and that he had charge to say vnto the King of England that if he wold promise the duchy of Guienne to the king of Nauar and entertaine him 2000. lances he would make warre against the French and employ all his forces of Nauarre and of his lands in Normandie and other places whereupon he was put into
by him should goe vnto the eldest Clause in the King D. Henries will touching fees which they call Maioâ—azgos the which is called in Spaine Majorazgos the which they haue interpreted as if no collateral heire might inherit them according to the which in such controuersies many decrees haue beene made in the Chancery and the Kings councell anexing such lands vnto the crowne D. Alphonso bishop of Carthagena saith that this King died of the goute making no mention of any poison whereof it may be this author was ignorant Being neere his end he desired to be attired in the habit of Saint Dominike and to die in it He raigned tenne yeeres and two monthes and was six and forty yeeres old If this King of Granado practised his death Granado he did not long enioy this content for the same yeere 1379. the same Mahumet called the old and old in effect died the nine and twentith yeere of his raigne and 762. of the Arabians D. Iohn first of that name the sixteenth King of Castile and seuen and thirtith of Leon. THe happinesse which did accompany the King D. Henry the second father to Don Iohn An. 1379. Castile did not continue in his posterity for God to let men vnderstand that it is hee which doth raise and pul downe at his pleasure hauing from nothing aduanced D. Henry to the Scepter of Leon and Castile and confounded the forces of that Realme allied to the English and Moores he did in a manner ouerthrow this greatnesse in his sonnes time by the forces of the petty Estate of Portugal to the which he aduanced a bastard without any humaine support notwithstanding that the armes of France were ioyned with the forces of Castile as shall appeere by the discourse of the History By such examples the mighty are admonished not to trust in their forces and the weake not to despaire especially if he be vniustly pursued D. Iohn who succeeded his father D. Henry descended by the mothers side from the Infant D. Genealogie of Castile Fernand de la Cerde eldest sonne to Don Alphonso the Philosopher for of Don Fernand came D. Alphonso and D. Fernand Of the younger D. Fernand and of D. Ieanne of Lara his wife issued D. Blâ—noh who was married to D. Iohn Manuel who had had to his first wife a Countesse of Sauoy sonne to D. Manuel brother to D. Alphonso the Philosopher of which marriage was borne D. Ieanne Manuel Queene of Castile wife to the King D. Henry and mother to this King D. Iohn the first of that name who was two and twenty yeeres old or there abouts Disposition of Kign Iohn when he began to raigne a Prince of a good disposition and religious according to the time but vnfound of his body and vnfortunate in warre He was clowned after the example of his Predecessors in Burgos in the Monastery of Saincta Maria de las Huelgas where to solemnize his coronation did arme aboue a hundred Knights which were of Noble families and gaue many guifts and preuiledges to commonalties and to priuat persons to make his first entrance more remarkable and pleasing He gaue vnto the city of Burgos the towne of Pancoruo in Bureua he caused Villa-Real of Saint Nicholas of Orio in Guipusdoa to bee walled in giuing in the preuiledges of Saint Sebastian with many others When he was Infant beeing in possession of the Siegneury of Biscay hee vnited it for euer vnto the crowne at his comming to it He remembred his fathers charge to entertaine a strict league of friendship with the house and crowne of France the which hee sent to confirme by his Ambassadors And hauing sent his gallies this yeere of our Lord 1379. in fauour of the French commanded by D. Fernand Sanches of Touar they tooke from Iohn of Montfort duke of Brittan the castle of Roche Gaze at Cap de Late for that hee held the English party by a decree of the court of parliament at Paris and his Dutchy with all his goods declared forfeited to the King vntill that time the Iewes dwelling in Spaine had the preuiledge to take knowledge of crimes committed by them of their sect but this yeere a lew called Ioseph Pich dwelling at Seuile hauing beene slaine in the Iewes place at Burgos being a man of great reputation for his wealth and the seruices which hee had done vnto the deceased King D. Henry as treasurer generall the new King tooke from them this prerogatiue and forbad them to deale in any crime where there was murther cutting off any Limbe or effusion of bloud In the beginning of his raigne God gaue him a sonne by his wife D. Leonora of Arragon who succeeded him As soone as the Infant was borne D. Fernand King of Portugal who had in the yeere 1378. made his daughter D. Beatrix sure vnto D. Frederike duke of Benauent Portugal base sonne to the deceased King Henry of Castile by D. Leonora Ponce repented himselfe and sent vnto the King D. Iohn intreating him to consent vnto a marriage betwixt his sonne newly borne and his daughter D. Beatrix with certaine conditions which did nothing displease King Iohn so as this other marriage was accorded betwixt them which proued the fire-band of future warre betwixt Castile and Portugal for among other conditions these two princes made a mutuall donation of their Realmes vnto the suruiuor in case they died without lawfull heires of their bodies the which was concluded and sworne in the yeere of our Lord 1380. but it was not executed An. 1380. for God had otherwise decreed This Infanta D. Beatrix was daughter to D. Leonora Telles of Meneses of whose vnsortable marriage we haue before treated and whose proceedings were as vnreasonable for this woman being exceeding faire and prouided of armes fit to sway a disposition that was faint and weake Art of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses could make such vse of her alurements as she kept the King her husband alwaies subiect and a slaue to her affections so as hee refused nto any thing that was pleasing vnto her forgetting often his ranke and royall dignity All which had disliked of her marriage or had in any sort displeased her were by her practises pursued chased away or vtterly ruined her friends and kinsmen were aduanced to the greatest honours and dignities of the Realme and as she was cunning in all her actions so she could finde meanes to reconcile vnto her those who through their greatnesse wealth or alliance within the Realme seemed hard to ruine binding them vnto her by her bounty and fauours making them of enemies to become her friends Shee gaue the gouernment of the castle of Lisbon to her vncle D. Iohn Alphonso Tello Earle of Barcelos Lord Steward of the Kings house She also aduanced a brother of his called Don Iohn Alphonso Telles to be Admirall of the Realme an other brother called D. Gonçalo Telles was at her request made Earle of Neyua
husband hee was so indiscreet as to tell the Queene thereof aduertising the Queene of the Earles smal respect vnto her and of his impudency whereof she who wished him well did not seeme to care wherefore D. Gonçal doubted that this was the cause of his imprisonment and that the Queene would dispatch him before the King should be aduertised thereof Being thus imprisoned the Queene did counterfet letters from the King vnto Vasco Martines of Merlo captaine of the castle of Ebora by the which he was commanded to murther these two personages but being a discreet man and considering the quality of the prisoners thinking that he must not proceed so lightly to the execution thereof hee forbaâ—e vntill he had spoken with the King to whom he went the day after this charge to know if it were his pleasure that the maister of Auiz and Gonçal Vasques should bee put to death The King answered that he knew not of it commanding him not to touch them and so he sent him backe enioyning him to kepe it secret and soone after he went from Ebora whereas the Queene remained who seeing that her deseignes did not succeed she tooke a milder course and sought to bee reconciled to these two personages who were freed from their irons and within few daies after set at liberty Some time after the Queene being at masse she caused them to come vnto her shewing them the best countenance they could desire and inuited them to dinner the which they did vnwillingly accept fearing she would cause them to be poisoned Impudency of the Queene D. Leonora yet they did eate in the Queenes lodging in the company of the Earle of Oren to whom after dinner discoursing of her rings and iewels she gaue in their presence a Ring set with a rich ruby pressing him to take it although he excused himselfe to the end she might not forget any thing to be held very impudent Amidest these tumults D. Isabella the Kings bastard daughter who had beene made sure by the last treaty of peace to D. Alphonso of Castile Earle of Gijon base sonne to King Henry was married at Burgos whereat the Earle was much greeued an vnfortunat marriage of which there was one sonne borne who was called D. Henry But the marriage which was made betwixt D. Beatrix sister to the King D. Fernand and D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque was blessed of God so as a daughter which they had called D. Leonora the sole heire of her fathers great Estates was married to D. Fernand Infant of Castile Lord of Lara and Duke of Pennafiel sonne to the King D. Iohn the first then raigning which D. Fernand came afterwards to be King of Arragon and Sicile Shee was Queene of these realmes and mother of fiue children renowned by the Histories of Castile and Arragon of whom we shall heereafter make mention This King Fernand of Portugal being in good peace with his neighbours considering what had happened in the city of Lisbone Buâ—ldings made by D. Fernand King of Portugal in the last warre of Castile for want of good walles he caused it to be fortified and walled about from Saint Catherins gate vnto Saint Vincents And as hee was carefull of this publike worke so hee did gratefie the Franciscan Friars of Saint Iren causing the quier of their church to be built with other workes of deuotion This is all we finde in Histories of the affaires of Portugall vnto the yeere of our Lord 1380. An. 1380. that the aboue mentioned marriage betwixt Don Henry sonne to King Iohn the first of Castile and Donna Beatrix the daughter of Portugal was concluded with the aboue named conditions for the succession of the two Realmes by the suruiuance of the two Kings About the end of this yeere Castile Donna Leonora Queene of Castile was brought in bed at Medina del Campo of her sonne D. Fernand aboue named who came to be King of Arragon as we will shew At that time Spaine was a Neuter in regard of the obedience which the two Popes pretended The King of Castile acknowledgeth the Pope at Auignon and did affect in the Christian common weale continuing some time in this Neutrality by reason of the disagreement of the Prelats who were assembled for that cause onely at the instance of the Ambassadors of the two Popes Clement and Vibain but soone after it was declared by a sentence giuen by the King of Castile and his councell that his countries should acknowledge Clement the seuenth for Pope and Christs Vicar he being resident at Auignon the King D. Iohn inclyning therein as in other things to the French The deuotion of men in Spaine and other places in those daies was contrarie to that of more ancient times for whereas before they thought they could not giue sufficient to the Clergy to augment their houses and reuenues now euery one sought to spoile them and to vsurpe their lands and reuenues whereof the Abbots and Conuents of the Order of Saint Benet in Spaine hauing complained they had a notable sentence by Iudges deputed by the King for that businesse against many Noblemen and Knights which detained their goods yet they still incroched vpon them all they could In the yeere of our Lord 1381. died D. Ieanne Queene of Castile An. 1381. mother to the King D. Iohn who through great deuotion had in a manner all her life time carried the habit of Saint Claire and died in it and appointed she should be buried in it A great argument of the religion of that time She lies at Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings The peace betwixt the Kings D. Iohn of Castile and D. Fernand of Portugal was broken Portugal by the bad councell of a Knight who had beene accustomed to bee often shut vp with the Queene of Portugall and was her fauorite hee was Earle of Oren. To giue some collour and beginning to this warre the King D. Fernand sent to Iohn Duke of Lancaster perswading him that as husband to D. Constance daughter to the deceased King D. Pedro of Castile and Leon Mignon of Queene Leonoras puts Castile and Portugal in war hee should pursue his right which hee pretended to those Realmes The English Prince relying vpon the fauour of Portugal with the consent and aide of King Richard his Nephew raised a thousand men at armes or Launces and a good number of foote whereof he gaue the charge to his brother Edmond of Langley Earle of Cambridge who led them into Spaine for that the Duke could not goe in person to this warre The English army arriued vpon the coast of Portugal whereas the warre was already violent for the King of Castile beeing aduertised of this practise had let his army into the country and taken the towne of Almoyda And at sea euen vpon the arriuall of the English army Fernand Sanches of Tour Admirall of Castile had taken twenty gallies of Portugal with their Admirall D.
Alphonso Telles Earle of Barcellos the Queenes brother the which fell out vnhappily for the King Don Fernand who beeing sodainely transported with batred against Castile receiued this Prince Edmond with al shewes of loue and royall pompe and the more to gratefie him he made a promise of a future marriage King of Portugal makes and breakes his daughters marriage at his pleasure betwixt Donna Beatrix his daughter who had beene twice before contracted and Edward his son a young child which hee had had of Donna Isabella his wife the third daughter of the deceased King Don Pedro of Castile there present yea he made them to marry and lie together and to confirme this marriage they performed al accustomed ceremonies except the consummation which could not bee by reason of the tender age of both parties the Bridegroome beeing not full sixe yeeres old During their stay the English before they were led to the warre spared not the Portugals but made spoile of their goods as if they had beene in the country of Castile So as the Protugals in steed of one warre found themselues ingaged betwixt two enemies hauing the Castillans abroad and the English within their houses In the yeere of our Lord 1382. the King D. Fernand went to field An. 1382. with the Earle of Cambridge and came and lodged his army at Yelbes On the other side the army of Castile camped at Badajos whereas hauing continued some daies without any exploite of armes a peace was concluded and Donna Beatrix Infanta of Portugall was the fourth time promised to Don Fernand the younger sonne of Don Iohn King of Castile the King of Portugall beeing glad this marriage should take place to the end his Realme should not bee vnited to the crowne of Castile In the meane time Doona Leonora Queene of Castile died in the towne of Cuellar Castile beeing brought in bed of a daughter which died also The Queenes bodie was carried to Toledo and interred in the chappell of the last Kings This Princesse is honoured for her vpright and good conscience aboue all the Ladies of her time whereof some authors bring this example Certaine Iewes deputed from the Sinagogues of them of their sect dwelling vpon the Queenes Lands beeing come for some affaires vnto the court Integrity of the Queene D. Leonora beeing mooued with good will vnto their Ladie by reason of her vertues and good behauiour came vnto her Confessor beeing an Arragonois a verie religious man of a good life and tould him that they vnderstood the Queene had occasion for to vse a certaine summe of money and knowing how much the Iewes dwelling in her countrie did honour her they intreated him to let her vnderstand that shee should demaunde what money shee pleased of their Sinagogues beeing assured it should bee verie willingly furnished and that withall hee should certefie her that the Iewes desired to doe her this seruice for that since the time shee had beene their Ladie shee had neuer imployed them The Confessor thinking to bring pleasing newes vnto the Queene made report of the Iewes speech and perswaded her by all meanes for to make vse of their kinde offer assuring her that shee might take with a good conscience that which they did willingly present vnto her But the Queene answered him that shee would neuer doe any such thing and that God forbidde that shee should exact money or any other thing of any person for the which the King she or their children might be cursed And notwithstanding any reply the religious man could make shee would not yeeld vnto it but willed him for to thanke the Iewes Don Fernand King of Portugal Portugal hearing of the death of Donna Leonora Queene of Castille hee beganne to practise a fifth marriage for his daughter Donna Beatrix with the King Don Iohn himselfe sending sodainely vnto him beeing then at Pinto three Leagues from Madrid to know his minde therein The King Don Iohn made no delaie but with the aduice of his good seruants entred presently into capitulation with the Ambassadours of Portugal who were therein duelie instructed Amongst other Articles it was agreed that the children issuing of this marriage should bee Kings of Portugal And some daies after hee married Donna Beatrix Infanta of Portugall D. Iohn King of Castile marries the Infanta of Portugal hauing escaped many other parties of lesse preferment The marriage was celebrated at Badajos or at Yelbes according vnto some in the yeere of the Incarnation 1383. the Queene Donna Leonara Telles de Meneses her mother being present the King Don Fernand remayning at Lisbon very sicke Deathoâ— D. Fernand King of Portugal where within few daies after hee died hauing raigned but ill sixteene yeeres and nine monthes the three and fortith yeere of his age His body was buried at Saint Iren in the Franciscans church where as D. Constance Manuel his mother is also interred After the marriage betwixt Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon and Donna Isabella of Portugal Castile against the liking of Don Alphonso hee did neuer loue the King his brother some times hee rebelled and caused reuolts and then was reconciled but it lasted not long At this second marriage of the King Don Iohn hee was in the Asturiaes where hee put all into combustion against whom the King sent some companies of men at armes This yeere of our Lord 1383. Rebellion of D Alphonso Earl of Gijon was held a generall assembly of the Estates at Segobia And for that vnto that time they had accounted the yeeres according vnto the Aera of Caesar Aera of Caesar what it was which differed eight and thirty yeeres from the accounts which was then in vse in other Christian Kingdomes it was ordained that the Castillans should take the beginning of their yeeres from the natiuity of Christ the which was more fit for Christians then to retaine this memory of Caesar Augustus This manner of accounting by the Aera had beene long before left in Nauarre and Arragon but was retained for some time in Portugal The cause of this name of Aera is diuersly related but the most probable is that the ancients hauing accustomed to write these wordes Annus erat Augusti centes or some other number by abreuiation thus A. E R. A. C. the vulgar people ioyning these letters together pronounced Aera C. the which was afterwards vsed vnto that time They say that the last letters which were dispatched in the court of Castile where the Aera of Caesar was obserued were two preuiledges granted by the King Don Iohn the one to the towne of Santa Cruz of Cestone the other to Villa Real of Vrrechua which was in the yeere of our Lord 1421. of the Aera answering to that of our Lord 1383. from the birth of Christ. The King Don Iohn before his departure from Segobia did celebrat the funerals of his father in law Portugal in which Realme by an Article made in the
Lisbone in view of all the people who were alreadie mutined which made them to arme with great resolution against the forces of Castile who soone after came and presented themselues before the city in which army there were one thousand launces complete and great store of foote led by D. Pedro Fernandes Cap de Vache maister of Saint Iames Don Pero Fernandes de Valasco Lisbone besieged by the Castillans Chamberlaine to the King and D. Iohn Pero Ruis Sarmiento Gouernor of Galicia and soone after the King came thether in person where they laied seege and planted their batteries but without any great effect for the beseeged made no â—allies In the meane time they of Ebora who were of this rebellious faction receiued into their towne Don Nugno Aluares Pereira a valiant captaine being but foure and twenty yeeres old Castillans defeated by them of Ebora vnder whose conduct they came and affronted D. Iohn Alphonso of Guznian Earle of Niebla D. Diego Gomes maister of Alcantara and D. Fernand Sanches of Touar high Admirall of Castile beeing sent by the King D. Iohn with great troupes against them but they put them to rout and slue the maister of Alcantara and many men of marke The King bearing of these newes sent supplies with D. Iohn Pero Ruis Sarmiento Gouernor of Galicia to whom they of Ebora with their captaine D. Nugno Aluarez presented battaile againe courragiously but they retired themselues fearing the like should happen vnto them as had done to their companions and came vnto the King who thinking that hee might seize vpon Coimbra without any contradiction in the castle whereof was Gonçal Telles Earle of Neyua the Queenes brother and Gonçal Mendez of Vasconcello her vncle hee marched thether leading with him D. Beatrix his wife and the Queene Donna Leonora but the Castillans name was so hatefull vnto the Portugals with the behauiour of the widow Queene as they were not only kept out of the towne but also they of the castle shot at them whereas the King and Queenes were in great daunger of their liues The King Don Iohn beeing discontented with the Queene Donna Leonora King Iohn and the Queenes of Castile and Portugal repulst from Coimbra for that her neerest kinsmen holding the fort of Coimbra had so shamefully repulsed him hee great iealous that shee had sone intelligence with them wherefore hee caused her to bee taken and sent into Castile to the castle of Tordesillas from whence shee neuer returned more into Portugall yet shee by commaundement from him was serued and honoured there as a Queene ' and dying was buried at Vailedolit in the Monastery of the religious of the Order of the Merced The King beeing returned to the campe before Lisbone hee prest it all hee could both by water and land but by reason of the infection which crept into his campe and the comming of the sea armie of Portugal which approched neere vnto the city together with the resolution of the beseeged who then made many sallies vpon the Castillans hee aduanced little There were some propositions of as accord made but Don Iohn maister of the Auiz beeing resolute to haue the sole gouernment of the Realme of Portugal and Agarbe vntill that the King of Castile had children by Donna Beatrix his wife there was nothing concluded The Infant Don Charles heire of Nauarre came to the King Don Iohn at this seege to aide and fortesie the King his brother in law but the plague continuing with great losse of the Nobility which died miserably at this seege the King Don Iohn was constrained to rise and to returne into Castile hauing put good garrisons into those places which had receiued him The losse of his men in this voiage was very great and therefore hee had reason to giue some rest vnto the remainders and prepare for the raising of a great army for the next yeere Before wee returne into Portugall it is expedient to make mention of the affaires of Nauarre Nauarre and shew how the Infant Don Charles who came newly to the campe before Lisbone was deliuered whom wee had left prisoner in France During the life of Charles the fifth the French King there was no meanes of reconciliation betwixt him and his brother in law Charles King of Nauarre wherefore his sonne Charles continued prisoner vnto the Kings death which happened in the yeere of our Lord 1380. leauing his sonne Charles the sixth of that name successor to the Realme beeing young and vnder the gouernment of Iohn duke of Berry and Philip duke of Bourgondie his vncles who shewed themselues so opposite to the King of Nauarres poursutes for his reconciliation and the deliuery of his sonne which made them resolue to poison them both wherefore hauing found an Englishman fit for his intent Detestable enterprise of King Charles the bad they sent him to the French court with poison to kill these princes promising him many great rewardes if hee did effect it giuing him also good store of gold in present This English man did what hee could to execute his charge but his often comming and going into the dukes kitchins beeing also an Englishman made him to bee suspected so as beeing taken with his poulder and hauing confessed that hee was sent to kill the dukes of Berry and Bourgongne for that they opposed themselues agaisnt the deliuerie of the Infant of Nauarre hee was beheaded This errour did very much displease Charles King of Nauarre not knowing by what meanes to recouer his sonne During the Kings discontent there fell out a quarrell betwixt fillot of Gramont Lord of Gramont on this sides the mountaines and Don Ramir Sanches of Asiayn 〈…〉 Sanches of Asiayn for matters concerning their Princes seruice Don Ramir was accused by the Lord of Gramont to haue attempted against the Kings owne person so as comming to the triall of armes by the order of Iudges deputed by the King and these Knights appering to fight at the day appointed the importunity of the kinsmen and friends of either side was such as the combate was staied and they both remained at the Kings pleasure who caused them to bee put in prison the Lord of Gramont in the castle of Saint Iohn of Pie de Port and the other in Tafalla The Lord of Asiayn hauing beene some space prisoner in this towne beeing garded by certaine souldiars Picards hee found meanes to corrupt them so as hee seized vpon the captaine of the castle and the place it selfe This accident beeing bruted through the towne the Inhabitants went presentlie to armes and beseeged the castle the which by the reason of one of those souldiars which had betraied the captaine and the place was recouered with Don Ramir Sanches of Asiayn and his confederates whose head the king as well for this as for many other former offences caused to bee cut off and forfeited his goods and the souldiars were euery one executed that had assisted him to seize vpon
the sort or castle of Tafalla As for Fillot of gramont hee continued three yeeres in prison and then was deliuered In the meane time the King Don Charles beeing in great care for the detention of his sonne in France hee caused Don Iohn King of Castile to bee sollicited by Donna Leonora his daughter in law who was retired into Castile to the King her brother who was strictly allied and a friend to the French Deliuery of Prince Charls in sauor of the King of Castile to bee a meadiator for the deliuery of the Infant Don Charles The King of Castile desirous to gratefie his sister imployed his best meanes to the young French King and his Gouernors and did so importune them by messages letters and Ambassages as they set the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre at libertie As for Don Pedro his younger brother and Donna Maria his sister they had beene released before Don Charles soone after his deliuery hee went into Nauarre to the great content of all the Nauarrois It was a great hatred and mallice in the King Don Charles the Father for to attempt such a wickednesse against the princes of France who shewed their generositie in consenting to the deliuerie of the Infant who was not guilty of his fathers offence who in all his actions was of so sower a disposition Disposition of D. Charles King of Nauarre as hee could not pursue his rights nor treat of any affaires with other princes but in choller and disdaine and whereas he could not obtaine and bring to passe what hee pretended hee had recourse to synister and vnlawfull practises desiring to reuenge himselfe of those that did him any iniury by what meanes soeuer Hee had one sister called Donna Agnes married vnto Gaston Earle of Foix called Phebus who for the wrongs hee had done vnto her husband was verie ill intreated by him so as shee was forced to leaue his companie and to retire into Nauarre who was soone after followed by a sonne shee had by him called Gaston where both beeing receiued and honoured by King Charles conferring often with his sister of her husbands bad vsage hee conceiued such a hatred against the Earle Gaston as hee drew young Gaston their sonne to poison his father and gaue him a venimous poulder to that end telling him that it was a remedy to make him change the hatred hee bare him and his mother into loue This young Nobleman beeing simple and ill aduised beleeuing what the King his vncle had said vnto him he returned into Foix to his father with an intent to season him some meate with this poulder Misâ—rable death of young Gaston of Foix. but hee could not so play his part but casting the poulder into the meate it was perceiued by the cookes or otherwise discouered wherefore the Earle commanded his sonne and onely heire to bee taken causing him to die miserably in prison so as after him hee left none but bastards which did not succeed in the Earledome of Foix one of them was Bernard who serued Henry the second King of Castile in the conquest of the realme against the King D. Pedro and was rewarded by him and endowed with lands and Estates in Castile from whom descended the dukes of Medina Celi or Zelim who by the mothers side belong to the bloud of Castile according to the order which followeth D. Fernand de la Cerde Beginâ—ing of the house of Celi or Zelim eldest sonne to D. Alphonso the Wise or the Philosopher left two sons D. Alphonso and D. Fernand of D. Alphonso married into France came D. Lewis Earle of Clermont and D. Charles or Iohn according vnto some Constable of france and Earle of Angoulesme D. Lewis Earle of Clermont married in Andalusia Don Leonora of Guzman daughter to D. Alphonso Peres of Guzman and was Lord of Hulua and of Port Sancta Maria and other lands in the right of his wife of which marriage issued Don Lewis Don Iohn and Donna Isabella de la Cerde This Donna Isabella was by the King Don Henry the second being setled in the realme of Castile married to Bernard bastard of Foix and had in dowry Medina Celi with the title of an Earle of them came D. Gaston surnamed de la Cerde leauing the name of the house of Foix and Bern. Hee was the second Earle of Medina Celi and married Donna Mencia of Mendoça daughter to Don Pedro Conçales of Mendoça a great Nobleman in Alaua by her hee had one sonne called Don Lewis who was the third Earle of Medina Celi and married with Donna Iean Sarmiento daughter to Diego Peres Sarmiento from whom came Don Gaston de la Cerde the second and forth Earle of Medina Celi who married Donna Leonora of Mendoça daughter to Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça Marquis of Sentillana from whom descended Don Lewis which succeeded him in the Earldome in whose time it was made a Dutchy D. Lewis married Donna Anna of Nauarre and Arragon base daughter to D. Charles Infant of Nauarre and Arragon This is the Genealogy of the house of the dukes of Medina Celi Such as wee haue sayd were the actions of Charles King of Nauarre whom in the end God strooke with a Leaprosie King Charles a Leapeâ— which made him to leaue all care of the affaires of this world and to giue himselfe to workes of piety according to the manner of those times which was to build chappels to ordaine Masses and Anniuersaries for his deceased parents and to adde rents and giue entertainement to Clergy men and Priests which did the seruice but aboue all hee labored to liue in peace with Christian Princes The Infant Charles beeing come into Nauarre about the beginning of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal the King Don Iohn demaunded some supplies of souldiars out of Nauarre to lead with him wherevnto the King of Nauarre consented willingly remembring the good Offices hee had done with the French for his sonnes liberty whom hee sent well accompanied to this warre beeing vnable to goe in person by reason of his indisposition The Infant made some stay with his wife Donna Leonora who was in Castile and then passing on hee came to the King beeing incamped before Lisbone where hee staied not long the King Don Iohn beeing forced to raise the seege by reason of the plague which ruined his armie and returne into Castile as wee haue said dismissing the Infant his brother in law with all loue and content The yeere 1385. beeing come Portugal Affaires of the King of Castile succeed well in Portugal the King D. Iohn preparing to returne into Portugall hauing alreadie sent some ships and gallies against Lisbone hee had newes that the souldiars which hee had left in Saint Iren had defeated some troupes of Portugal whose leaders were the maister of the Knights of Christus and the Prior of Saint Iohn by reason of which victorie many places within the Realme had planted the Standard of Castile
armie the which beeing within a league and a halfe of that of Portugal there were many things propounded to end their quarrels without a battell but they were all without effect for the king of Castile finding himselfe strong had a desire to fight promising vnto himselfe all aduantages and yet his captaines were of another opinion and among others Monsieur de Rie Chamberlaine to the French king and his ambassador with the King of Castile a Gentleman 70. yeares old and a captaine of great experience saying that his men were wearie and it was late and that the Portugall army in the which were 2200. men at armes and 10000. foote were camped in a place of strength from whence if he would haue patience hee should see them soone dislodg for want of victuals beeing aduertised that they had not any meate but for that night that vppon their dislodging he should haue better oportunitie to fight with them if they went to affront them in the place where they were it was likely they should reape more shame then honor But notwithstanding all these reasons hee would needes fight Battel of Aliubarot and the Castillans defeated wherefore the Castillans hauing put their armies in battell they were receiued couragiously by the Portugals along the mountaines of Maos in the fields nere vnto the village of Aljubarot where at the first charge notwithstanding all the indeauour of the Portugall fore-ward they gaue ground to the Castillans but the new king of Portugal flying thither with his squadron not onely fortified his men but also charging the enemie with great courage who thought they had won all and fought without order carelesly he brake them and put them to a shamefull flight with great slaughter the king of Castile himself being in danger who fled 11. leagues that night vnto S. Iren where he arriued at the breake of day in great perplexity and then recouering the sea-shoare hee caused himselfe to be carryed to Seuile Polydore Virgil in his Historie of England failes in the discourse of his battell saying that Edmond Earle of Cambridge was there with good troupes of English for the new king of Portugal against him of Castile and giues the honour of the battell to the English but it appeares by all the Spanish Writers more credible in matters of Spaine then strangers that the comming of the Earle of Cambridge into Portugall was not at that time but in the life of g Fernand. Neither were there any French troupes for the king of Castile as some Authors make mention Vpon the place of battell there was an Hermitage built to S. George who is held to be the patron and protector of Portugal as also of Arragon as S. Iames is of Castile and this victorie is more celebrated by the Portugals then any they euer had for that by reason thereof they were freed from the subiection of Castile Noblemen of Castile slaine in the battell it is called the battel of Aljubarote or of S. George In this battell there dyed many Noblemen of Castile and among others Don Pedro of Arragon sonne to the Constable of Castile D. Iohn of Castile Lord of Aguilar del campo son to D. Tello L. of Biscay D. Fernand of Castile a yong Prince son to D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque Peter Dias Damas Prior of S. Iohn D. Diego Manrique Gouernor generall of the fronter of Castile D. Pedro of Mendoça a Lord Steward of the king of Castiles house Don Iohn Fernandes of Touar high Admiral D. Diego Gomes Sarmiento Gouernor of Galicia Pedro Carillo Marshall of Castile D. Aluar Gonçalis of Sandoual and his brother Fernand Gonçales D. Iohn Ramir of Areillan Iohn Ortiz of Cueua Gonçalo of Cerbantes Ruy Braue and Fernand Carillo and of the Portugals following the partie of Castile D. Iohn Alphonso Sello Portugals slain of the Castillans side Admirall of Portugall brother to the Queene D. Leonora D. Pero Aluarez Pereira Master of the Order of Calatraua and his brother D. Diego Aluarez Pereira brothers to D. Nugno Aluarez Constable of Portual Gonçal Vasques of Azeuedo with Aluar Gonçales his sonne and others There dyed also in this defeate Monsieur de Rie Ambassador for the French king and his Chamberlaine Great was the spoile of the Castillans campe many prisoners caryed away by the Portugals who hung vp their ensignes other spoils for trophees in the Monasterie of Alcouaça and in the chiefe church at Braga and at the carmes at Lisbon the which were afterwards founded by the Constable D. Nugno Aluarez Pereira and among others the royal Standard of Castile was taken As for those which escaped the battell some gathered themselues together in S. Iren and some of them recouered Castile as well as they could They of S. Iren hauing past the riuer of Tayo with D. Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman Master of Alcantara who was since made Master of the Calatraua they ioyned with the forces of Nauarre and France which the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre brought to the king of Castile his brother-in-law but too late wherfore they returned all together into Castile hauing made all the spoile they could in the Realme of Portugal the which by this battel of Aljubarote remained assured for the king Don Iohn the tenth in number and the first of that name hauing attained to that royall dignitie to the which in the beginning he did not aspire and that with the consent of the Nobilitie and States of the countrie The end of the sixteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE SEVENTEENTH BOOK of the Generall History of Spaine The Contens 1 DOn Iohn Master of the Knights of Auiz chosen king of Portugall the tenth in number and the first of that name 2 Continuation of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal in the which the English assisted the one and the French the other 3 Whence the title of a Prince in Spaine growes 4 D. Charles the third of that name and 31. king of Nauarre 5 Marriage of Prince Henry of Castile and Katherine of Lancaster 6 Exploits of D. Iohn King of Portugal in Castile and a truce betwixt the two Realmes 7 Tyrannous priuiledges of the Nobility of Arragon Troubles in Sardynia Estates at Monçon policie of Sybile Queene of Arragon authoritie of the Iustice Maior 8 Contention betwixt the Arragonois and Angeuins for the rights of Majorca Adoption of Lewis of Anjou by Queene Ione the first of Naples who sold Auignon to the Pope and what followed 9 D. Iohn the first of that name and 14. King of Arragon his acknowledgement to the Pope in Auignon during the Schisme Estates in Arragon 10 Marriage of Don Martin of Arragon sonne to the Infant Don Martin with the heire of Sicily 11 Lisbon made an Arch-bishopricke 12 Estates of Castile at Guadalajara Orders concerning souldiers and iustice Erections of Dukedomes and other Decrees 13 The stay of D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre wife to D. Charles the third in Castile
disliked and the causes thereof her excuses and the Kings instance to haue her returne 14 Institution of the Order of the holy Ghost in Castile 15 Farfanes a race of Christian Affricans and the death of the king D. Iohn 16 Coronation of D. Charles king of Nauarre and the ceremonies thereunto accustomed 17 D. Henry the third of that name 17. king of Castile and 38. of Leon Carriage of D. Pedro Tenorio Arch-bishop of Toledo 18 Marriage concluded betwixt D. Fernand brother to the king of Castile and the heire of Albuquerque 19 A testamentarie Decree made by the deceased king D. Iohn and the resolutions taken by the Noblemen of Castile for the quiet of the Realme 20 Troubles among the Lords of the Councell procured by the Arch-bishop of Toledo 21 Seditious Preachers incensing the people against the Iewes 22 Continuance of troubles in Castile and meanes made by the Pope to pacifie them 23 Persecutions thefts and murthers committed vpon the Iewes by the instigation of Preachers 24. Confusions in Castile entertayned by great men for priuate respects 25 Troubles in Guipuscoa against Collectors Assembly in that prouince and Articles of their vnion and preseruation of their priuiledges 26 Meanes to reconcile the disordered passions of the Noblemen of Castile but of small effect 27 Treaties betwixt Portugal and Castile and the practises of Don Frederic Duke of Beneuent 28 Mutinie at Zamora 29 Treatie of peace betwixt Portugal and Castile practises to pacifie D. Frederic Factions partialities c. 30 Truce for 15. yeares betwixt Castile and Portugal 31 Troubles continued in Castile by the Archbishop of Toledo and a peace mediated by the P rinces allies 32 D. Henry the third is declared of full age at 14. yeares 33 Discouerie of the Ilands of the Canaries 34 Estates of Castile at Madrid Marriage of the Infant D. Fernand. Discontent of D. Frederic Duke of Beneuent 35 Meanes to make D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre returne to her husband Her practises with the Noblemen rebelled Contemners of the Kings young yeares 36 A foolish triall of the truth of Religion by armes and what succeeded 37 Meanes held by the king D. Henry to draw the Princes and Noblemen rebelled to their duties The Queene of Nauarre subdued Warre against the Earle of Gijon and accord betwixt the king and him 38 D. Pedro de Luna chosen Pope at Auignon who by his obstinacie continued the Schisme 39 The Queene of Nauarre sent to the king her husband 40 Ieanne Countesse of Foix wife to Mathew of Castelbon reiected by the Arragonois from the succession of the Realme of Arragon Kings ruling in Spaine mentioned in this seuenteenth Booke Portugal 10 D. Iohn Master of Auiz 1. 31 Nauarre D. Charles 3. 14 Arragon D. Iohn 1. 17 Castile and Leon. D. Henry 3. 83. SVCH as are to rule ouer Nations and especially where there is great store of Nobility must be carefull how to gouerne their affections left by their too great libertie they force their subiects either in regard of their honours or for their iust defence to haue recourse to armes For it is often seene when a warre is kindled and that they which are tearmed Rebels haue gotten any aduantage they do no longer containe themselues within the bounds which at the first they had propounded but they proceed and seeke a totall change of the Estate thinking they cannot be otherwise assured or that the superior whom they would make their equall which is the true effect of armes can euer be a true and perfect friend Such are chiefly possessed with this iealousie and distrust as are to contend with men that are giuen to reuenge and of base dispositions as women and effeminate persons who seeke to maintaine their excesse by the name and credit of a Soueraigne degree wherin they are placed thinking that this greatnesse doth purchase them a priuiledge in any thing they do and giue authoritie to their cruelties and impieties wherin they please themseules although they be many times deceiued It is most certaine and verified by infinit examples that neither force nor greatnesse can auayle a Prince whose bad life makes him hatefull to his subiects And on the other side there is no such guard as the loue of subiects the which is conceiued by the opinion of vertue Opinion followes the effects and therefore a Prince should be alwaies carefull what opinion men should haue of him and remember still the precept of the wise That a man must be alwaies such as he would be esteemed If he be giuen to iniustice and voluptuousnesse with the oppression and ruine of his subiects let him assure himselfe that good men wil hate and detest him and his actions and estrange themselues from him so as he shall remaine ingaged among flatterers where many times he is smothered but at the least he is for euer infamous The name of Rebell is iustly detested but the common people iudge by the euents and the wife and well-aduised according to the causes And there is nothing more certaine whatsoeuer the flatteres of Court say that neuer any Conspiracie against a soueraigne Magistrate was durable or could take roote if the hearts of the subiects were not formerly distracted by the Princes owne guilt and excesse But if it pleaseth God to strirre vp some noble courage who imbraceth the publike cause then shall a tyrant hardly auoid his due punishment whereof Spaine affoords vs assured proofes in Don Pedro King of Castile and D. Leonora Telles of Meneses widow to king Fernand and Regent of Portugall who by her vnchastnesse and tyrannie as we haue formerly related ruined her selfe and did frustrate Donna Beatrix her daughter of that Crowne setting it vppon the head of Don Iohn the Bastard Master of the Order of the Knights of Auiz her enemie who had no lawfull right and it may bee neither thought nor hoped to attayne vnto it but when hee saw himselfe armed and followed This King notwithstanding his victorie was alwayes called the Master of Auiz by the Castillans Portugal who would not aduow him for king to the preiudice of their Queene Donna Beatrix and the king D. Iohn his aduersarie intitled himselfe king of Castile Leon Portugal Toledo Gallicia Seuile Cordoua Murcia Iaen Algarue Algezire and Lord of Lara Biscay and Molina some few daies after this great victorie wonne by the Portugals S. Iren yeelded with all that countrie there remaining not any place on this side the mountaines that held for the king of Castile At Saint Iren D. Nugno Aluarez of Pereira Constable of Portugall was made Earle of Oren in recompence of his valour and faithfull seruice and the new King D. Iohn vsed great bounty vnto all the Castillans that were prisoners Liberalitie of the new king of Portugal sending them home free without any ransome After that time leauing the conduct of the warre to his Constable he employed his time in workes of pietie and giuing thankes to God for the
vntill he hath giuen sentence vpon the appeale or oppositions In the meane time the Earle of Ampurias who had fledde to Auignon and had employed all his meanes and friends to leauie men in France arriued in the Countie of Rossillon with eight hundred horse whereof Iohn Earle of Boullen was the Leader But the King beeing aduertised of his desseins had so well prouided for all things as the French seeing that all exploites of warre would be very difficult returned and abandoned the Earle of Ampurias This King D. Pedro being in peace with Castile and other potentats of Spaine he ws then to contend for the Island of Majorca Pretension of Iewis Duke of Aniou the country of Rostillon and Cerdagne Colibre and Valisper with Lewis Duke of Aniou sonne to Iohn the French King who pretended a right to those Estates by vertue of a cession made vnto him by the Marquesse of Montferat sister and heire to Don Iames the last King of Majorca but they came not to armes for these things the Duke of Aniou being diuerted by the affaires of Italy hauing being adopted by Ieanne Queene of Naples and crowned King of Naples by Pope Clement the seuenth in Auignon Who passing into Italy with an army died there So as Don Pedro King in Arragon was freed from the feare of warre which hee expected from France About that time or little before Frederic the third King of Sicile whom they surnamed the Simple his sonne in law died without any heires male who leauing but one onely daughter Pretensions of the King of Arragon to the realme of Sicile called Donna Maria hee pretended that the Realme belonged to the crowne of Arragon according to the testament of Frederic the second King of Sicile who was of the house of Arragon and also for other rights which he pretended By ths Testators will if there were no issue male of the direct line the women were excluded from the succession of the Realme willing that it should be vnited to the crowne of Arragon vpon these pretensions the King Don Pedro made great instance in the court of Rome and in the end made Cession of the right which hee pretended to his sonne Don Martin of Arragon Earle of Xerica and of Luna and afterwards duke of Momblane The quarrels and troubles which threatned Sicile were afterwards ended by accord in the time of King Iohn his sonne vpon condition that Donna Maria heire of the realme should marry the sonne of Don Martin called also Don Martin This D. Martin the father was Constable of Arragon King Frederic had had diuerse quarrels with Ioane Queene of Naples who pretended the realme of Sicile to belong vnto her but there was an accord made in the yeere of our Lord 1372. and since their accords were ratefied and confirmed by Pope Gregory the eleuenth in Auignon by whose authority the two realmes did for many yeeres after continue diuided The King D. Pedro being come to the fiftith yere of his raign Exactions vp the Clergie in the yeere of our Lord 1386. for the which there were great feasts and ioy at Barcelona hee would also giue the prelats and churchmen cause to remember it for contrary to all custome hee exacted throughout his realme great summes of money vpon the Clergy Afterwards this King being afflicted with griefe by reason of the seditions of his owne beeing charged with yeeres and wholy gouerned by his wife Queene Sibile hee died wherevpon the Clergy to the end they might terrefie Kings Death of D. Pedro King of Arragon that should that should attempt to impaire their reuenues said that he hauing violently vsurped the patrimony of Santa Tecla of Tarragone by the perswasion of Queene Sibile he ws cited by the proctors of that church to appeere before the Tribunall seat of God within three score daies after to giue an account for that fact and that the last day of the assignation hee died But it is to bee presumed that it ws time for him to leaue this world for hee was aboue three score and twelue yeeres old and had raigned fifty one Hee died at Barcelona in the yeere of our Lord 1387. where he was laied in the Cathedral church and was afterwards transported to the royall Monastery of Santa Maria of Poblete D. Iohn the first of that name and foureteenth King of Arragon TO the Realmes and soueraigne Estates of the deceased King succeeded his sonne D. Iohn D. Iohn King of Arragon acknowledgeth the Pope at Auignon the first of that name the eldest of his brethren the which Queene Sibile his mother in law sought by all meanes to hinder and had almost perswaded the King Don Pedro her husband to reiect him from the crowne but beeing giuen to vnderstand that such an iniustice procured by a mother in law against his eldest sonne might cause great troubles after his death he gaue way to the Order of nature and Don Iohn was King of Arragon It is remarkable that at the same time both in Castile and Portugal there were Kings raigning of the same name The King Don Pedro his father was a louer of learning he entertained the vniuersity of Lerida and erected one in Huesca Hauing giuen to his sonne Iohn the towne of Girone with the title of Dutchy then beganne the custome that the eldest of Arragon are called Dukes of Girone as the eldest sonne of France is called Daulphin of Vienne The new King Don Iohn beganne his raigne with the persecution of his mother in law who like vnto Donna Leonora of Castile was retired from Barcelona seeing the death of the King D. Pedro approch and had put her selfe into Zaroca where shee was soone beseeged and taken by Don Martin of Arragon the Kings brother And for that the King Don Iohn lay languishing in his bed and could not be eased by the art of Physicke this widow Queene was accused to haue caused him to bee poisoned wherevpon she was strictly examined and all those of her houshold All the goods the deceased King had bestowed on her wer made for faite and giuen to the Queene raigning Donna Violant The Regency or Gouernment of the realme was giuen to don Martin who also was made duke of Montblanc by letters giuen at Grenoillez neere to Barcelona The preuiledges lawes and statutes of that city were confirmed by him at his comming to the crowne Pope Clement at Auignon acknowledged in Arragon and hee did advow Pope Clement at Auignon by the councell of the Cardinall Don Pedro de Luna and the perswasion of the Queene D. Iolant or Violant and he of Rome was declared vnlawfull as made by force All grants made by the King D. Pedro since the yeere 1365. were reuoaked Such were the first acts of this King a Prince weake both in body and minde giuen to idlenesse hunting dauncing musicke and poesie with so violent an affection as they say hauing at his comming to the crowne
and the better to perswade her he promised that if she had not entertainement fit for her royall State in Nauarre he would impart some of his vnto her and giue her a good company of Knights and Ladies to conduct her into Nauarre with that honour which did belong vnto her She hauing no iust reason to contradict the King her brother answered him in these termes Sir I am much bound vnto you for many respects Excuses of the Queene of Nauar. besides the good councell it pleaseth you now to giue me wherein I know you seeke my honour and proffit The King my Lord and husband must also be mindefull of your bounty and brotherly loue vsed towards him in many matters of great consequence for my sake for if you had not imploied your selfe at my request to the French King who held him prisoner it may bee hee should haue found greater difficulties in his deliuery Being come into Spaine he knowes what honours and what guifts he hath receiued from you during the life of the King his father And when he came to succeed in the Realme of Nauarre all the world hath seene how liberally you haue restored him the places which you might iustly haue retained in Nauarre being left in deposito at the peace made betwixt you fathers Moreouer you haue discharged him of twenty thousand doublons of gold and of his promise for the English Nobleman who was a prisoner taken in warre being two thousand pounds starling presently after the death of the deceased King his father you caused mee to goe out of your Realme into his country whether I carried whatsoeuer I had good and precious to appeere the more honourable amongst the Nauarrois with the Ladies and Gentlewomen of my traine borne of great families all things tending to the honour and profit of the King my Lord But in steed of acknowledging all this it greeeues me to speake it and I cannot speake it without blushing hee hath not receiued me nor intreated mee as hee ought He appointed me certaine prouisions monthly for the entertainement of my house my state and attendants whereof I haue beene alwaies so ill paied as I haue beene often forced to ingage my iewels to content my seruants who complained often vnto me Besides falling dangerously sicke in Nauarre and almost dead I was duly informed that my languishing proceeded from certaine hurtfull herbes which were giuen mee by a physition a Iew sent by the King my Lord to cure me I doe not thinke that these herbes were giuen me by the commandement of the King my Lord or with his priuity and God forbid it should once enter into my thought but I finde it very strange that hauing complained he did not vouchsafe to punish this bad physition as hee deserued Seeing my indisposition to continue I intreated him to giue mee leaue to come into Castile to your court whereas God be thanked and your good reception I haue recouered my health But during my aboade here in this ease I haue beene aduertised that many flatterers and bad seruants to the King my Lord and mee haue charged me with many slanders the which hath much incensed him against me so as I know not how my Estate or my life can be well assured in Nauarre if I returne as you perswade me wherefore I beseech you Sir in the name of God and for the brotherly loue you beare me that you would be pleased to consult with your good and faithfull councellors vpon my returne to the King my Lord and husband whom I loue and honour and to prouide for the safety of my life and honor for if I should fall into any danger or receiue any indignity you should haue interest therein These words accompanied with a mournfull countenance did much mooue the King D. Iohn who promising his sister that he would haue a care of her affaires he conferred with his councell imparting vnto them the speech which the Queene of Nauarre had vsed causing them all to sweare that they should giue him good and faithful councell touching her returne to the King her husband The councell hauing duely consulted of this businesse they came vnto the King and told him that they had found it expedient that hee should cause King Charles his brother in law to sweare to vse the Queene Donna Leonora his wife well and honourably and for assurance thereof he should leaue some places of Nauarre in deposito in the hands of some Knights that were not suspect whereby they thought the Queene might bee well assured to returne into Nauarre and to liue freely with her husband The King of Castile allowed of this aduice and hauing caused his sister Donna Leonora to he called he acquainted her therewith exhorting her to follow it the which seemed nothing pleasing vnto her yet shee yeelded hauing no iust cause of contradiction wherefore the King D. Iohn hauing caused the Ambassadors of Nauarre to bee called hee would haue returned them home with this answere but they replied that the King their maister would take any oth but to deliuer places into a third mans hand hee would not doe it giuing many pertinent reasons why hee should not yeeld to it After many allegations and disputes herevpon the Queene said that if it pleased the King her husband to sweare and promise to Pope Clement the French King and to the King her brother to vse her well she would returne The Ambassadors answered that the Cardinal D. Pedro of Luna had already propounded such an oth and that the King their maister had answered that it was not needfull the French King should meddle with any controuersies betwixt him and his wife and that for the rest he would make no difficulty These disputes increasing more and more to the great griefe of the King of Castile who knew well that the Queene his sister was staied for some other consideration and that the obiections made against her husband were meere slanders he was much perplexed for he both loued Charles King of Nauarre and the Queene also The Ambassadors being out of hope to worke the Queenes returne they demaund the Infanta D. Ieanne the King of Nauarres eldest daughter to whom the succession of the Realme did belong for want of heires males to be deliuered vnto them to carry her into Nauarre to the King her father seeing he might not hope for any more children by the Queene persisting in her vnreasonable resolution to liue from his company The Queene excusing her selfe said that it was not her intent to liue seperated from King Charles but she desired to bee assured of her life And the King her brother who alwaies perswaded her to bee well aduised and to beleeue what he said vnto her was forced to send Alnar Nugnes of Villa Real President of his Chancery into Nauarre to take information of these venimous herbes which shee said had beene giuen her by the physitian a Iew and to bring the depositions of the witnesses
to aide you to keepe maintaine and defend the lawes and customes with all our power After this manner did the deputies for the cities and townes sweare euery one according to the rights lawes customes preuiledges freedomes and liberties which they did enioy This oth beeing taken of either side except by the Clergy who sweare not the King retired himselfe into Saint Stephens chappell of the same church where he put off his roabes and tooke one of white taffity Vnction fo the King of Nauarre which was vsuall in such ceremonies and then was brought backe by the Bishops of Tarrasone and of Dax to the great chappel where as all things necessary were prepared for this vnction The King being there enuironed by the Bishops he was annointed with oyle by the Bishop of Pampelone with the praiers and suffrages vsuall in such actions and the King hauing instantly put off that white roabe he was richly attired in other royall habits and so approched neere vnto the high altar where there was a sword the royal crowne glistring with pretious stones and the royall Scepter hee put on the sword and then drew it forth holding it vp on high in signe of Iustice and then sheathed it againe then hee tooke the crowne and set it on his head and last of all hee tooke the scepter in his hand and in the meane time the prelats continued their prayers These things beeing done the King mounted vpon a target on the which were painted the armes of Nauarre King of Nauar carried vpon a traget the which was borne by the Deputies of the Nobility and them of the city of Pampelone and the three quarters thereof Bourg Peuplement and Bauarre as well in the name of the said city as of other cities and townes of the realme as it had beene appointed by the King wherevpon publike protestation was made by the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite and other townes which could not set to their hands to support this target on the which the King was that it was without preiudice at that time or hereafter to their commonalties Thus the King was raised vp by the deputies who cried out thrice Real Real Real The King beeing thus carried after the manner of the ancient French hee cast money vnto the people which done hee was taken from thence by the Cardinall Don Pedro of Luna the Popes Legat who assisted at this ceremonie and by the Bishops of Pampelone and Tarrasone and led to a royall throne in great state the prelats and other Clergy men continuing still in their praiers and ending with a Te Deum These things thus performed the Kings Attorney General called Garcia of Leach in the Kings name the Bishop of Pampelone for himselfe and all the Clergy of the realme with the Deputies of the Nobility townes and commonalties demaunded an act of Peter of Godeille Apostolike Notary of Peter of Iauariz Clarke and Apostolike Notary for the Diocese of Pampelone and of Iohn of Ceilludo Notary and Secretary to the King the which was formally done For the last act of this follemnity masse was sung by the Bishop of Pampelone whereas the King according to the custome of his predecessors offred scarlet gold and siluer This coronation was the fourth yeere of this Princes reigne in February in the yeere 1390. and to make more particular relation of men of quality which were at this assembly deputed for the Estates or otherwise First of all there was D. Pedro of Luna Cardinal Men of account at the King of Nauarres coronation of the title of Santa Maria in Cosmedin Legat a Latere in Spaine to Pope Clement residing in Auignon Don Martin Salua Bishop of Pampelone D. Iohn of Calaorra and Calçado D. Pedro of Tarrassone Don Fernand of Vic of Ossona D. Pedro of Ampurias D. Iohn of Dax D. Garcia of Eugni of Bayone Confessor to the King all Bishops Moreouer the Abbot of Irache the Deane of the Collegiall church of Tudelo the Abbots of the Monasteries of Saint Saluator of Leyra Oliuia Yrançu Hitero and Saint Saluator of Vrax the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem the dignities Chanoins and Clergy of the church of Pampelone for the Estate of the Clergy For the Nobilitie and millitary Order were Don Lionell of Nauarre the Kings base brother D. Arnaud Raymond Lord of Grammont D. Arnâ—nd Sanches Lord of Luse D. Pedro Lord of Laxaga D. Martin Henriques of Lacarra Marshal of the realme D. Ramir of Areillan D. Martin Lord of Mearçan and of Saint Iulian D. Iohn of Vcara D. Fernand of Ayanc D. Martin of Ayuar D. Bertrand of Lacarra D. Aluar Diaz of Medrano D. Ximen Garcia Vicont of Baigner D. Pedro Sanches of Corella D. Pedro Ynigues of Vxue D. Martin of Artieda D. Pedro Arnaud of Garro D. Iohn Gaston of Vrroz D. Garcia Ramires of Asiayn D. Iohn of Bern the young Don Pedro Sanches of Licaraçu D. Iohn Rodrigues of Ayuar D. Raymond of Esperça and Don Pedro of Ayanc these were accompanied with many other Noblemen and Gentlemen as it was fit for the Maiesty of such an act The were also the Deputies of the commonalties and good townes of the realme of Pampelone Bourg Peuplement and Nauarriere which were thre quarters or countries of the city euery one hauing a seuerall Iudge the which kept them long in diuision and bred lamentable mutinies and seditions but this King by wise councel reduced them all into one body and supprest the cause to the good and quiet of the Inhabitants Moreouer there were present the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite Puent la Reyna Arcos which at this day belongs to Castile Viana Garde which is also of Castile of Saint Vincent of Saint Iohn of Pie de Port of Montreal Ronceuaux Lumber Willafranca of Aguilar of Bernedo at this day vnited to the crowne of Castile and of Lans Besides these deputies there were many Barons Knights and others of quality of Castile France and England which did honour this coronation with the Ambassadors of forraine Christian princes Namely Iohn Vicont of Fussensaguet Raymond of Beruat Lord of Castlenau D. Alphonso of Luna Archdeacon of Girone Doctor Iohn Fernandes of Arana D. Diego Lopes of Estunina high Treasorer Diego Lopes of Lagran Steward to the King of Castile Francis of Pau of Arragon Sicart of Montagu Bernard of Rostaing a Basque These with many others were witnesses of all that past at this ceremony as appeeres by the acts and writings which are in the chamber of accounts of that realme In Iuly following the quire of the church fell where these things were celebrated for the re-edefying whereof the King and others did contribute very much The death of D. Iohn King of Castile fell out then vnfortunatly for the King of Nauarre for besides that hee loued him and was beloued of him like a brother hee was a fit instrument to tame the wilfulnesse of the Queene Donna Leonara
who did afterwards much trouble him before hee could made her leaue Castile and returne to him D. Henry the 3. of that name the seuenteenth King of Castile 38. of Leon. VVHen as the King Don Iohn had this mortall fall Castille Don Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo a wise man knowing the alterations which doe commonly follow such accidents to the preiudice of States hee sodainely caused a Pauillion to be pitched in the place whereas the Kings body lay and hauing set gards about it that it mought not be seene hee dissembled his death giuing it out that he was sore hurt but without any danger of death and the better to conceale this businesse he caused his physitions to come vnto the Tent to whom he imposed silence then at a conuenient time he caused the Kings body to bee brought into the towne and laied it in the Chappel of the Archbishops lodging In the meane time he made such dispatches as he thought fit to the cities and townes of the realme and to the Prelats and Knights who he knew were affected to the deceased King and to his sonne D. Henry The Queene Donna Beatrix was at the time of this vnfortunat accident at Madrid where she receiued letters from the Archbishop aduising her to goe to Alcala the which she did leading in her company D. Iohn Serran bishop of Siguença Chancellor of the Kings priuy seale and others who were very sorrowfull for these lamentable newes but especially the Queene Donna Beatrix who had not any children by the King her husband and was now dispossest of her realme of Portugal without any hope euer to recouer it Beeing come To Alcala the Archbishop hauing comforted her and left her there for the gard of the body he went to Madrid where hee did set vp the Standards of Castile and Leon for the new King D. Henry who was then at Talauera with his wife Donna Catherina and his brother the Infant Don Fernand whereas their father had left them when as he ment to goe into Andalusia but hauing receiued letters from the Archbishop he came presently to Madrid The Archbishop gaue such order for al things as there was no alteration The funerals for his death were performed throughout all Spaine with great heauinesse the which was followed with great demonstrations of ioy D. Henry the third proclaymed King of Castile for that D. Henry was proclaimed King in the same towne of Madrid wehther the Deputies of Prouinces and the Estates of the realme began to come the first were D. Laurence Suares of Figueroa maister of Saint Iames D. Gençalo Nugnes of Guzman maister of Calatraua and some others who did not medle with any affaires nor with the gouernment of the King who was not yet eleuen yeeres old by reason of the absence of Don Frederic duke of Benauent of Don Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena Earle of Denia and first Constable of Castile and Don Pedro of Castile Earle of Transtamara Princes of the bloud royall who wer sent for and it was fit to attend them Notwithstanding the Archbishop of Toledo thought it fit to conclude a marriage which was of great importance and very preiudiciall for the Duke of Benauent which was of Donna Leonora daughter and heire to Don Shancho of Castile brother to the King D. Henry the second Countesse of Albuquerque and Montalban and Lady of many other townes and castles to which rich marriage Don Frederic pretended the which was thought fit an conuenient both for that hee was of the bloud of Castile as also to recompence him in some sort for the marriage which had beene concluded betwixt him and Donna Beatrix of Portugal whom the King D. Iohn did afterwards marry Marriage betwixt the heire of Albuquerque and the Infant D. Fernand. whereby he had beene vndoubtedly King of Portugal But the Arch-bishop thinking that the marriage of Donna Leonora would bee more fit for D. Fernand duke of Pegnefiel brother to the new King hee did worke it and concluded it with the Kings consent and the Ldaies vpon condition that it should bee consommated when the Infant were foureteene yeeres old Shee beeing sixteene yeeres old promised it but not the Infant for that by the marriage betwixt Don Henry and Donna Catherina the Duke of Lancaster her father had reserued that if Don Henry should chance to die without consommating of the marriage with hid daugther then D. Fernand his brother should marry her The Noblemen Prelats and Deputies of the towne of Castile and Leon beeing not yet assembled the Archbishop of Toledo demaunded of Peter Lope of Ayala a worthy Knight and learned if he knew whether the deceased King had made any will to whom he answered yea and that hee himselfe being present with others the King had made his will at the seege of Cillorico in Portugal the one and twentith of Iuly in the yeere of our Lord 1385. and that he had sent his will to him being Archbishop of Toledo The Archbishop remembred this but he said that he had since deliuered that vp to the King By this testament it was ordained that the King dying leauing his sonne D. Henry vnder age the gouernment of the King and realme should remaine in the hands of D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena Ordonances made by the King D. fohn in his testament of the Archbishop of Toledo D. Iohn Garcia Manriques Archbishop of Saint Iames D. Pedro Nugnes maister of ther Calatraue D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla and D. Pedro Gonçales of Mendoça Lord Steward of the Kings house and with them one or two Bourgeses of either of the sixe townes that is Burgos Toledo Leon Seuile Cordoua and Murcia But afterwards the King did shew by actions that he had changed his resolution not meaning that this should be receiued for his last will and testament wherevpon there grew such debate as it was hard to pacefie it D. Frederic duke of Benauent D. Pedro of Castile Earle of Transtamara the Archbishop of Saint Iames with some others being arriued hauing kist the Kings hands as their naturall Lord the Estates beganne to conferre concerning the gouernment of the King and realme and hauing first propounded the aboue-named will it was concluded that the Archbishop of Toledo the Maisters of Saint Iames and of Calatraua the Duke of Benauent the Earle of Transtamara and Pero Lopes of Ayala should enter the chamber where the King kept his papers to finde out this will The chamber was opened by Ruis Lopes of Aualos who afterwards was Constable and Iohn Martines of Castille gardiens of those writings where this will was found It beeing read in the presence of the aboue-named and they all disallowing of that which the King had ordained they commanded him that read it to cast it into a fire which burnt in a chamber neere vnto the Bishop of Cuencas one of the houshold to the deceased King to auoide all contention and
trouble yet hee durst not doe it but laied it vnder a bed whereas the Archbihop of Toledo tooke it saying that there were some clauses which did concerne his Archbishoprike of Toledo and so carried it away After some great contention betwixt the Noblemen and Deputies assembled in the end it was concluded that without any regard to the Kings will or any other writing whatsoeuer the gouernment should be mannaged by a set councel wherefore they named the duke of Benauent and the Earle of Transtamara Princes of the bloud royall of Castile Orders for the Gouernment of the realme of Castile the Marquis of Villena and the Archbishops of Toledo and Saint Iames the maisters of Calatraua and Saint Iames with some other Knights and it was said of the Deputies of sixteene cities of this Realme eight should assist at this councell by sixe monthes with this clause that not any Prelat Knight Maister Deputie or any other should haue any voice or authority but when they were resident in the court This resolution pleased them all except the Archbishop of Toledo who refused for to sweare to certaine good Articles concluded by the councell answering with the Bishop of Cuenca that hee did it for that hee would not infring the lawes of the realme which said that the King comming to the crowne in his minority the father hauing appointed him no Tutors in that case the Realme should choose one three fiue or seuen to gouerne Wherefore if they would heare what he had to say therein for the discharge of his conscience and that they would afterwards proceed otherwise hee should bee contented with that they should conclude His answere beeing allowed by the councell he was willed to present himselfe the next day in the castle where he should be heard The councell was of opinion that the Archbishop would not be so rash as publikely to contradict a generall accord which they had made else they prepared to giue him a bad reception The Archbishop beeing aduertised by one of the Deputies of the resolution of the councell hee ioyned with them the next day in a church and sware the Articles to auoide the scandale which had happened if hee had done otherwise This beeing thus repaired the Archbishop desired to bee discharged of the gard of Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon brother to the deceased King who had beene a long time prisoner in the castle of Almonacid wherevpon he made such instance and so great protestations as the councell not able otherwise to pacefie him decreed that the prisoner should bee deliuered into the hands of the maister of Saint Iames who should take charge of him and he caused him to be conducted to the castle of Monreal belonging to the order of Saint Iames. Some daies after the councell being assembled in the church of Madrid whereas it was often held Archbishop of Toledo turbulent certaine Gentlemen belonging to the duke of Benauent entred hauing shirts of maile whereat many were amazed especially Don Pedro Tenorio the Archbishop who therevpon tooke occasion to dislodge from court and in all places where hee past he published that they had made a councell contrary to the will of the King don Iohn writing to all the chiefe townes of Spaine and to the Noblemen that were absent who had beene named Tutors by the Kings will Hee did moreouer write to Pope Clement and to the consistory of Cardinals and the French King and him of Arragon intreating them not to allow of nor receiue the dispatches of this councell This did much trouble them of the councell who incited by this disorder to a greater would beginne to diuide the charges offices places and fortes of the Realme betwixt them The duke of Benauent was the first Diuision among the Lords of the councel who demaunded the office of high Treasorer or Super-intendant of that Treasor for Iohn Sanches of Seuile an infamous man by reason of his great vsurie beeing also indebted to the King in great summes of money wherevnto the Archbishop of Saint Iames opposed saying that it was not fit that hee who ought to bee araigned should bee aduanced to an office which had iurisdiction wherevpon there grew great troubles and scandales and the Noblemen of the councell beganne to fortefie themselues with armes causing their seruants and vassals to approch neere to Madrid so as the Inhabitants of the towne set gardes at their portes by reason whereof the Duke went out of the towne and retired to Benauent leauing his companions in great feare least hee should ioyne with the Archbishop of Toledo As this man was mooued with zeale for the affaires of state Sedition against the Iewes caused by D. Fernand Martinez so at the same time Don Fernand Martines of Eccia Archdeacon of Seuile was mooued for religions cause against the Iewes dwelling in Spaine inciting the people against them not onely in his sermons but also in market places and streetes so as the Iewes seeing they intended to spoile and murther them they had recourse vnto the Lords of the councell at Madrid who deputed Iudges to preuent this disorder at Seuile Cordua and other townes of Andalusia but the people were so incensed against this sect as notwithstanding all the diligence of the Iudges many were slaine and their goods spoiled An indidirect course to draw Infidels to the religion of Iesus Christ. The King Don Henry who grew in yeeres and Iudgement did much apprehend the troubles wherein the Noblemen of the councell did ingage the Realme and therefore hee did write vnto the Duke of Benauent and the Marquis of Villena who had not beene present at all these things that they should come or send presently to Madrid men with full authority complayning by his letters which hee did write to Don Frederic Duke of Benauent for that hee had gone from court without leaue The Duke sent Aluar Vasques of Losada a Knight of honour vnto him who gaue him a good accompt of his actions The Marquis of Villena excused himselfe vppon the dissention of the Councell who wrote in the beginning of the yeare 1391. to the Arch-bishop of Toledo An. 1391. complaying greatly of the innouations which by his occasion did threaten Spaine protesting for their parts to yeeld vnto all that should be ordayned by the Estates of the Realme and as for the last will and testament of King Iohn they would alwaies referre it to his oath if he had not declared before his death that he meant not it should be of force The Arch-bishop when he receiued these letters was at Alcala with the Duke of Beneuent the Marquis of Villena D. Martin Ianes of Barbuda Master of Alcantara and D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça with other discontented Knights by all their aduice hauing made a league together answer was made vnto the messengers that hauing resolued among themselues they would make a fit answer to whom the messengers that were sent from the King and the Councell
replyed that in the meane time the Arch-bishop should forbeare to assemble forces and shold not employ the reuenues of the church to leuy soldiers whereunto they answered That whilest they of the Councell did gouerne to their preiudice they could do not lesse then to seeke a remedy During these broyles in Spaine D. Domingo Bishop of S. Ponce Legate to Pope Clement residing at Auignon came to Madrid with letters to the King condoling for the death of the deceased king his father Pope Clement sends a Legate into Castile and congratulating his assumption who also brought letters from the Pope to the Councell by the which like a good pastor and father he did exhort them to do iustice and to gouerne the Realme well the Legate making a long speech to that end to whom Garcia Manrique Arch-bishop of S. Iames answered After which the Councell intreated the Legat to be a meanes to pacifie the troubles which had beene raised by the Arch-bishop of Toledo and that he would take the paines to look into the will and disposition of both parties to the end he might make report thereof vnto the Pope The Legate offered to employ himselfe in any thing they should thinke fit for the publike peace wherefore the Councell hauing thanked him for his good will they deputed Peter Suarez of Quignones Gouernor of Leon a wise and discreet Knight Garcis Alphonso of Sahaghun and Doctor Anthony Sanches of Salamanca an Auditor who did accompanie the Legate Beeing arriued at Talauera de la Reyna where as the Arch-bishop was he intreated him very earnestly to hearken to the peace and quiet of Spaine giuing him many Theologicall reasons beeing a great learned Doctor especially vppon the wasting of the goods and reuenues of the Church which was the patrimonie of the poore propounding vnto him in the behalf of the Councell the iust conditions which they had deliuered vnto him and promised to performe perswading him and his associats to come vpon his faith and assurance vnto the castle of Buytrago belonging vnto D. Diego Hurtado of Mandoça to consult with them of the Councell of the meanes how to accommodate all their diuisions The like request and offer was made by Peter of Quignones in the behalfe of the Councell signifying vnto them that if they lost this opportunity they might afterwards desire it in vaine and of all this he protested and demanded an act To all this the Arch-bishop answered vpon premeditation and excused himselfe as well vppon the testament of the deceased king as vpon the lawes of the Realme which were infringed persisting in the answer which had beene made at Alcala pretending other lets so as they could not go to Buytrago In the meane time ambassadors came from France to the new king Don Henry to condole the death of the deceased king Ambassadors from France to Castile and to performe such ceremonies as are vsuall at the comming of new kings the Bishop of Landresi chiefe of this Ambassage offering to the king Don Henry all friendship and ayde in the name of the king his Master and to confirme the league made betwixt their predecessors To which ambassage the Arch-bishop of S. Iames made answer in the kings name with great applause the king did then renew and sweare the league betwixt France and Castile and so did the Ambassadours They being dispatched and honoured with many goodly presents they were accompanied with other Ambassadors whom the king Don Henry sent into France for the confirmation of this league within few dayes there came also to Madrid Ambassadors from the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon from the Duke of Lancaster and other Christian Princes vpon the same subiect They of Nauarre particularly intreated the yong King that he would so worke with the Queene Donna Leonora his aunte as shee might returne into Nauarre and liue with the King her husband wherein they of the councell imployed themselues with great affection Queene of Nauarre will not returne to her husband but they preuailed not for she vsed the same excuses which shee had done to the deceased Kign Don Iohn so much shee was pleased to liue in the court of Castile The King of Arragons Ambassadors besides their generall Legation had charge to perswade all the councellors in particular to gouerne the realme with such care and loyalty as the young yeares of the king his nephew required And they of the Duke of Lancaster demanded that the league made with the deceased king at the conclusion of their peace should be renued All these receiued courteous answers and were sent backe with content In the meane time the Arch-bishop of toledo leauied forces and made great practises throughout all the chiefe townes and with the Nobilitie of the Realme And on he other side at the incitation of the seditious Arch-deacon Don Fernand Martines the people of Seuile Cruelties and murthers committed on the Iewes Cordoua Toledo Logrogne and other townes of Castile had fallen vppon the Iewes making a horrible butcherie of this miserable people and spoyling their goods forcing by this meanes the rest who escaped the present fury to become Christians or at the least to faine themselues so What can poore Infidels thinke seeing such cruelties practised by Christians and such greedinesse in them to imbeazle other mens goods but that their religion is bloudie desiring nothing lesse then the health of those whome they entertaine in their ignorance by such detestable courses and diuelish couetousnesse With the like furie were the neighbour countries infected for they of Valencia and Barcelona did the like yea the rage of these zealous men had extended vnto the Moores dwelling in Castile and Arragon if they had not feared that the king of Granado would haue massacred many Christians that were his prisoners and that it should cause some new warre with the Arabians This worldly consideration respecting the commoditie of this life retayned them not the zeale and honour of Iesus Christ which consists not in murthers and spoiles but to do good to all men and to pray for their enemies The King Don Henry was aduertised of all these disorders but by reason of his youth which was contemned he could not apply fit remedies Yet he did somewhat pacifie the mutinue against the Iewes But as for the Arch-bishop of Toledo and his Confederates they had need of a sharper restraint The Councell sent twice vnto him that is the Master of Saint Iames who came vnto him at Illesca and afterwards at Talauera de la Reina D. Iohn of Velasco Lord Chamberlaine to the king and Peter Fernandes of Villegas Merin Maior of Burgos who admonished him to forbeare to assemble forces and that he should be content to vndergo with them the resolution of the Estates vppon their differences but they had no other answer but what he had formerly made Amidst these tumults there fell out a new occasion to increase them D. Pedro of Castile demands the office of
of the citties which were of the Councell to let him vnderstand how vnseemely it was for him to entertaine the realme whereof he was a member in such ielousie and to consume the people by the spoils and robberies of his men who kept the fields to what end went he so armed what feared he whereon did he complaine what great benefit did he pretend by the allyance of Portugal that he should disdaine the fauours of his king who had dealt both bountifully and honourably with him giuing him a million of marauidis yearely and might hope for greater matters and seing that he had such ample restimonies of the kings loue and the councels to perswade him to come to court where he might purchase more fauor then euer The duke answered to all that which the Archb. had propounded vnto him that he had neuer giuen eare to a marriage with Portugal but in case a peace or a long truce were concluded betwixt the two realmes As for that hee went accompanied with souldiers it was well knowne that he had enemies in Court who had factions throughout the realme which forced him to stand vpon his guard and therfore they should not hold it strange if he came not to court Moreouer if he had receiued fauors from the king he was ready to employ them in his seruice and his whole estate The Archb. deliuered many reasons vnto him in presence of the Deputies to pacifie him and then returned to Medina del campo where hauing giuen an accompt vnto the king and councel of his employment he held it fit to content the duke in some sort for the mariage of Portugal was much aduanced Thereupon it was bruted whosoeuer were the author that the Duke approched neere vnto the towne and that hee had intelligence with some to be brought in with his forces with caused a great mutiny among them and euery man began to gather souldiers together for his owne assurance The Archb. who a was friend to the duke so far-forth as he did entertaine the troubles wherein he tooke delight propounded a means which he held very conuenient to auoid the spoiles which might follow these quarrels which was that he with the Archbish. of S. Iames and the Master of the Calatraua should retire themselues to their houses and that about the king there should only remaine Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and the Deputies of townes and that the king should consult with them how to giue content to the duke of Benauent and to find him a party equall to that which was offered him in Portugall By these factions Miscries of ciuill warre all the Realme was in combustion and all sorts of insolencies were committed both in town and countrie iustice was abused and the treasure mis-gouerned The city of Seuile was molested by D. Pedro Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchena and D. Aluar Perez of Guzman Admirall of Castile who seized thereon in the absence of D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla one of the turors chasing many of his seruants and followers out of the city On the other side Nugno Martinez of Villaycan captaine of the fort of Zamora not satisfied with the accord which had beene made by the meanes of the Archibsh of Toledo sent to the duke of Benauent to haue him approch and he would deliuer him vp the castle which he had in guard the duke posting thither could not effect this enterprise for that the inhabitants of Zamora being aduertised by some of the dukes men prouided for it whereupon the Duke returned and many that followed him did abandon him wherevpon the king sent the Archb. of S. Iames and the Master of Calatraua to assure the townes that were suspected but they were shut out of Toro the Inhabitants saying that they would not receiue any if the king were not in person but they entred into Zamora where as many knights of the dukes traine yeelded vnto them and soon after the king came But the Duke was aduertised thereof at the castle of Majorga belonging to the Infant D. Fernand by Iohn Alphonso de la Cerde who hauing bin high Steward of the Infants house and then displaced by the kings tutors substituting in his place Pero Suarez of Quignones Gouernor of Leon had through despight fallen to the Duke of Benauents partie Whilest that these contended in Castile the Deputies Portugal appointed to treat a peace with the King of Portugal during the truce which had beene prolonged came to Extremos in the yeare 1393. 1393. the Portugal demanding for a finall resolution these Articles following That they should giue in hostage the base sons of the duke of Benauent Demands of Portugall to Castile of the Earls of Gijon and of Niebla for the great men of Spaine had more base children then legitimate the nephewes of the Masters of S. Iames and Calatraua of the Arch-bishops of Toledo and S. Iames of Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and of Diego Lopes of Estuniga But aboue all they demanded the Duke of Benauents son thinking he would not giue him vnlesse the king of Castile would deliuer the castle of Zamora into his hands the which they desired being assured that the Duke was wholy at their deuotion but when they vnderstood that he had fayled to enter that fort and that he began to be abandoned by many of the knights which had folowed him they became more tractable and yeelded to a turce for 15. yeares so as they would giue them in hostage the Earle of Gijons son and eleuen Knights sonnes more with 12. children of the cittizens of Burgos Toledo Leon Seuile Cordoua and Zamora yet would not the Deputies of Castile conclude this truce which was most beneficiall for Portugall but demanded some respite to aduertise the king and his tutors The king with his councell hauing considered the danger wherinto the home-bred toubles together with a forraine warre would draw them they yeelded to all the Portugals demanded namely not to ayde nor assist D. Beatrix the window Queen nor D. Iohn or D. Denis her Vncles This a truce was concluded for fifteene yeares betwixt Castile and Portugal The Court being in the cittie of Zamora the captaine of the castle refused for some daies to deliuer the place vp to the king Castile saying that his father Iohn Martines of Villaycan lately deceased being Gouernor of Zamora and He had held it by fealty and homage and that they might not deliuer it vp vntill the king were 14. yeares old complete but the tutors sought him by so many meanes and made him such promises that he should be recompenced for his fathers estates which had beene giuen to others as in the end he deliuered the palce into their hands for the which he was in effect recompenced They had promised him the gouernement of Ledesma which did belong to the Countesse of Albuquerque but they of the place refusing him for that they did not trust him he was otherwise prouided
for The Court remaining at Zamora the Archb. weary of too much rest retired himselfe into his Bishoprick being not greatly affected to the kings seruice but to take part and adhere wholy to the Duke of Benauent he now gaue them greater cause to suspect him for that he grew in choller with them of the Councell vppon his departure pressing them to giue the Duke of Benauent contentment and to pay him the Arrerages of his pensions and that they should also giue satisfaction to D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça touching the Admiralty which he demanded and to Iohn of Velasco for the Office of Lord Chamberlaine to the King and to Don Iohn Alphonso de la Cerde touching the place of Lord Steward to the Infant D. Fernand which they had taken from him to giue it to Pero Suarez of Quignones Whereunto they answered mildly that it was fitte such men should be satisfied and that they would resolue according to iustice and equity and as their dignitie required Besides these importunities and other presumptions it was reported that he had receiued the twentith penny of all merchandize and goods which had beene sold within the Realme Archb. of Toledo and D. Iohn of Velasco detayned prisoners in Court with other vnlawfull impositions whereuppon the Gouernors gaue order to stay him and Don Iohn of Velasco Whereupon they were commanded to deliuer vnto the King or his Captaines the castles which they held so as the Arch-bishop was constrayned notwithstanding any excuses and allegations of his good seruice to dispossesse himselfe of the castles of Talauera Vzeda and Alcala the old and Iohn of Velasco of that of Arnedo For the Arch-bishops imprisonment there was a generall interdiction in the Diocesses of Zamora Palence Salamanca and in the court Such things past in Castile during the minoritie of the King D. Henry which did much greiue the confederate Princes their allyes to see a young Prince so ill intreated by his ambitious subiects among which the most remarkable were the great Prelates of the realme Among others Charles the sixth the French king did the office of a Christian Prince and friend sending this yeare 1393. a sollemne ambassage to the king of Castile the which came to Toro where as the Court then remayned to condole for the disobedience of his subiects especially of the Noblemen offering the king in their Masters name all ayde and support of the forces of France if he had need The French did also write to euery one of the Gouernors to the chiefe Noblemen of Castile and to the principall townes exhorting them by the duty which they did owe vnto God to the crown of Castile to obey their King and to seeke the peace and quiet of the realme This ambassage was receiued heard and sent backe with great honor as it was fit To draw the Duke of Benauent to the kings seruice the Arch-bishop of S. Iames went to him being at Tordehumes a place belonging to the duke hauing a safe-conduct from D. Alphonso Henriques of Castile son to the deceased D. Frederic Master of S. Iames. This Aarchb wrought in such sort as he reclaymed the duke promising him in the kings name a confirmation of his annuall pension and to giue him 70000. thousand frankes of gold to aduance him to some good marriage so as he would leaue the allyance of Portugal and moreouer the King would pardon him all that was past After which the Duke came to Burgos to the king without any distrust yea he refused a son of D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and one of D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga with the Arch-bishoppes nephew which were offered vnto him for hostages at which his free disposition the king and the whole court did much reioyce Beeing at Burgos the truce concluded with Portugal was proclaymed as it had beene in like manner in Lisbone thither came Ambassadours from the Duke of Lancaster to demand two yeares arrerages of the pension which the deceased king D. Iohn had granted to the sayd Duke and to the Dutchesse D. Constance his wife beeing foure-score thousand Frankes of gold the which was willingly payed and therefore the Duke did quit the interest which hee pretended for want of due payment The King Don Henry growing to the age of fourteene yeares when as hee should take vppon him the gouernement of the Realme Maiority of D. Henry king of Castile being riper of iudgement then of yeares he did anticipate three moneths to free himselfe of his tutors and therefore hauing called the Noblemen and Prelats which did freely frequent the Court with the Deputies of the townes in the presence of D. Domingo Bishop of S. Ponce Legat to Pope Clement hee declared that from thence forth he tooke the gouernement of his realmes into his owne hands wherfore none of them should any more stile themselues Tutors nor meddle with the gouernment vnlesse they were called In this assembly the Legate was a meanes to haue the Arch-bishop of Toledo restored to those places and Castles which had beene before violently taken from him and the interdiction of the three aboue-named Bishopprickes was taken away the king making great submissions There they also treated to reforme many disorders within the Realm by reason that Bishopprickes and other spirituall liuings were giuen to strangers whereas they should be employed to entertaine youth at schoole Orders for the giuing of spiritual â—iuings or to reward men of merit and such as were borne in the Country which was the cause that Spaniards did not studie for want of meanes whereby the Realme was much damnified not onely in spiritual matters but also in temporall The redresse must come chiefly from the Pope who being importuned by such as had bin preferred to benefices and by letters of fauor from forraine Princes decreed that they should enioy them but after their deaths none should be preferred to any benefice in Castile and Leon if he were not borne in the countrie In this businesse the king carried himselfe afterwards as he pleased Beeing free from his Gouernors hee had many waightie affaires especially for the confirmation of the peace made with the Duke of Lancaster and for the truce newly concluded with the king of Portugal there beeing a reseruation in both treaties of a confirmation when he should come to the full age of fourteene yeares And moreouer it did behooue him to send an ambassage into France to renew the League with king Charles the sixth Besides the ordinarie expences in the Gouernours time amounted to fiue and thirtie millions of marauidis then currant mony so as it was needfull to cut off this excessiue charge for these considerations and others he called a generall assembly of the Estates at Madrid Whilest that they assembled he passed into Biscay where hee had not beene since his comming to the Crowne The Companies and commonalties of the countrie at his comming assembled in the field of Arechaalaga according to their vsuall manner
demanding from the king a confirmation of their auncient liberties rights and priuiledges the which he granted Moreouer Demands made by them of Biscay to the king of Castile they desired to bee freed from all royall Prerogatiues which had beene imposed in that Prouince since the death of King Iohn and that he should confirme the new societies erected among them for the punishment of malefactors and hee did also grant the combate as it was vsed among Gentlemen in Castile of all which things he granted then full power with the aduice of his Councell There the King was receiued for the Lord of Biscay where hauing kissed his hands he was led to the church in the towne of Larrabeçua where according to the custome of his Predecessors Lords of Biscay hee tooke an oath vpon the altar to maintaine the rights of the countrie Beeing afterwards come to Guernica some Biscayens presented a petition vnto him to haue all crimes which had beene committed in the country since the death of King Iohn pardoned from the which hee was disswaded by the Noblemen of his Councell that loued iustice to auoyd the pernicious consequence thereof Hee did also sweare at Berneo in Saint Eufemia's church to maintaine the freedomes and liberties of that Town but not so amply as they desired Beeing returned to Guernica after much disputation touching the combate which some demanded and others denyed he granted it by pluralitie of voyces and then was this manner of challenge brought into Biscay the King beeing set vnder a tree in the vsuall place and after the accustomed manner Then hee returned by Durango and Victoria to Burgos and from thence to Madrid where the Estates assembled This yeare some Biscayns and Guipuscoans armed certaine shippes at Seuile at their owne cost and charge Discouery of the Canaries to seeke their fortunes at sea and came to one of the Ilands of the Canaries called Lançarote where beeing landed they made prey of all hey found against whome the Ilanders with their King gathered together and came to encounter them but the Biscayns had the vpper hand they slue many of their enemeies and caried away an hundred and seuenty prisoners with the King and Queene of the Iland hauing well obserued these Ilands with the number greatnesse and sytuation they returned into Spaine with great store of hydes wax and other things whereof those Ilands abound The king D. Henry was very ioyfull of this exploit and from that time challenged a right of propriety in the Ilands of the Canaries which they hold to be the ancient fortunat Ilands whereof he afterwards gaue the conquest to a French Gentleman called Iohn of Betancourt reseruing the fealty and homage thereof vnto his Soueraigntie In the assembly of the Estates held at Madrid the Kings majoritie was confirmed who also did auow whatsoeuer his Gouernors had done The necessities propounded for the payment of great yearely summes King of Castils maiority approued by the Estates as well for the treaties of peace payment of souldiers ordinarie pensions giuen to the Princes and Noblemen of the Realme as also for the entertaynment of the Kings house the Estates made a free offer of a contribution yet they besought him to cut off his superfluous gifts and pensions and to cause the militarie orders to be obserued for of 4000. Lances which were in pay it was manifest there were not 2000. They let him vnderstand that the reuenues of the Crowne beeing well husbanded were great and sufficient for all expences They moreouer besought him to dispose of his affaires by the aduice of men of iudgement and experienced in the gouernment of the Realme The king thanked them for their good aduice promising to order all things according to right and equity And for proofe he cut off many pensions and reuoked the offices and gifts for life out of the reuenues and other things ordained and assigned by his Gouernors especially to D. Leonora his Aunt Queene of Nauar notwithstanding that some were confirmed by the meanes of his fauorites He gaue to the Duke of Benauent a pension of an 150000. marauidis onely he disanulled all leagues associations and homages done by reason of the precedent troubles and caused an absolution to be published by the Legate with Apostolicke authoritie of all oathes which had beene formerly taken in that regard During this assembly the marriage of the Infant D. Fernand the kings brother and of D. Leonora Countesse of Albuquerque which had beene kept secret vntill that time was published and a present promise made and then they began to call her Infanta she was cousin one degree aboue her husband for D. Sancho her father and the king D. Henry the second Grandfather to this D. Fernand were brethren shee raigned with her husband in Arragon The Estates beeing dissolued the king being come to Illesca the Archbishop of Toledo came thither vnto him and was graciously receiued but D. Frederic Duke of Benauent beeing discontented for that they had cut off part of his pensions had gifts retired himselfe about Leon where he violently seazed vpon the Kings mony and the reuenues of the Infant D. Fernand whereof the king being aduertised he sent a commandement vnto him to forbeare those courses and that he old giue order to his Treasurers to pay him that which was in equitie due vnto him whereof he made no great accompt but made shew to treate a new league and confederacies with the Queen of Nauarre his sister D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon his brother and D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara his cousin to whom the King sent Garci Gonçales of Herera his Marshal especially to the Queene of Nauarre his Aunt beeing in the castle of Roa with her daughters intreating her instantly to forbeare those tumults Garci Gonçales of Herera told the Duke of Benauent that he would proceed criminally against him and others if they continued to troble the Realme and would not be satisfied with that which had beene decreed by the Estates at Madrid for it was impossible to pay them that which the Gouernors had granted them before Yet hee offered to the Queene Donna Leonora besides the Decrees of the Estates an 100000. marauidis for the entertaynment of her daughters The Duke sought to excuse himselfe saying that the king had beene ill informed by his enemies but if it pleased him to giue him for assurance the sonne of Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça one of Diego Lopes of Estuniga and one of Ruy Lopes of Aualoz hee would willingly come to Court to giue an accompt of his actions and to purge himselfe of the blame which was layed vppon him The Marshall promised and returning to the Court hee met with the Arch-bishoppe of Saint Iames in Amusco who vppon a counterfeit excuse retired himselfe from the Court pretending to be sicke and therefore could not come but in effect it was for that hee saw the Arch-bishop of Toledo beganne to gouerne all and to be in greater fauour
collour that it was dishonourable to hinder an enterprise of the crosse against Infidels so as he not only past but so augmented his troupes as being come to Alcala the Royal he had aboue fiue thousand foote At A cala D. Alphonso Fernandes of Cordoua Lord of Aguilar and his brother D. Diego Fernandes came vnto him who did admonish him againe adding withall that euery one would hold it indiscreetly done of him who was reputed a wise Knight and Maister of the Order of Alcantara to goe and defie the King of Granado who was so neere as with in lesse then two daies hee might incounter him with two hundred thousand foote Great power of the realme of Granado and fifty thousand horse and that without doubt besides the daunger and hurt hee might doe vnto the realme by the breach of the truce and defeat of his men he should blemish his honour and draw vpon himselfe perpetuall blame amongst all men that professed armes as a rash and ill aduised captaine but finding him obstinate and pretending that it would be held cowardise and basenesse in him if hauing past so farre Asores the bounds betwixt Granado and Castile hee should now returne wherevpon they wished him to lead his men to the riuer of Açores which makes the limit betwixt Granado and Castile and there attend the King of Granado a day or two if hee appeered hee should either fight with him body to body or else a hundred Christians against two hundred Moores as they agreed But if the Moores came not to the confines hee should bring backe his troupes and so hee should preserue his honour and reputation The Maister who was confirmed in his desire to fight with the Moores beeing moreouer incensed for that the Granadins had intreated two Gentlemen ignominiously whom hee had sent vnto their King to carry this challenge hee answered brauely to these Kinghts that hee thanked them for their good aduice but he was resolued not to stay vntill hee saw the port of Eluira at the city of Granado or fight with the Moores if hee met them vpon the way that he did hope to let the world see a miracle within few daies Thus he entred vnfortunatly into the country of Granado and did assault the tower of Excla where hee was hurt in the hand and neeere vnto him were three of his men slaine by the defendants whereas hee beganne to bee amazed for the Hermit which followed him had told him that he should not loose a man Hermit an Impostâ—r and therefore hee demaunded of him what it ment that they had already slaine three of his men to whom the Hermit answered that it was ment in battaile and not at the seege of places the which the Maister beleeued as assayling the tower more furiously then before The King of Granado seeing the rashnesse of this vnaduised Maister of the Order of Alcantara sent Ambassadors to the King of Castile to complaine of the breach of the truce made betwixt them and to demaund if it were by his commandement or not On the other side hee assembled a good number of horse and foote with the which hee marched towards the fronter he surprized the maister who was ill aduertised and charged him with his troupes so furiously as without giuing them time to arme hee slue the maister and all his horsemen with most of his footmen of the which about fifteene hundred saued themselues by flight The maister D. Martin Iuanes caused himselfe to bee surnamed Without feare and there is such an Inscription found vpon his tombe in Alcantara whether his body was carried by the permission of the King of Granado The King of Castile had newes of this defeat being in the Monastery of Santa Maria of Pelayos neere vnto the towne of Saint Martin de val d' Eglise where in a manner at the same time arriued the Ambassadors from the King of Granado who made their complaint and demaunded if the maister of Alcantara were entred in hostile manner into Granado Ambassage from the king of Granado to the King of Castile by his commandement and what his pleasure was for the entertayning of the truce The King answered that what the maister had done did much displease him and that he had forbidden him by his letters to vndertake such quarrels it auayling nothing to countenance religion by the breach of the truce which he desired to entertaine with the King of Granado his friend but he had not obayed him for the which he had beene punished if God by his iust iudgement had not abandoned him to bee slaine by the Moores and his men defeated as they had well deserued whereof he was newly aduertised to his great content The Messengers were sent backe with this answere the which did increase the ioy which the Moorish King conceiued for his victory by the assurance which they brought him of the continuance of the truce betwixt Granado and Castile This trouble vpon the Moores frontier was a pretext for the Duke of Benauent and other of the confederates to arme D. Henry reduceth the rebels to his obedience and to fortefie themselues euery one in his quarter saying it was to be ready at the Kings commandement if the Moores did enter into Andalâ—sia The King did cause D. Fernand Roderiques of Villadobos to bee chosen maister of the Knights of Alcantara in the place of the deceased Barbuda D. Laurence Suarez of Figueroa maister of Saint Iames vnderstood of this route in Ocagne where he was and came presently to the King being at Pelayos he aduised him to haue his forces in a redinesse for all euents assuring him that he should easily supprsse the Duke of Benauent and the Earles of Gijon and Transtamara with other Malcontents the which hee should not much regard but rather be carefull of the Moorish warres if they grew hot And to assure the frontier of Andalusia it was expedient that he were sent to Villa Real with the Archbishop of Toledo to ioyne with the Maister of the Calatraua and that the King should come to Toledo promising moreouer that he would perswade D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena to come and doe him seruice The King beleeued this councell and came to Toledo whether D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga came vnto him and gaue an account of the â—oiage which hee had made vnto D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Archbishop of Saint Iames but the King being otherwise aduertised of the disobedience of the Duke of Benauent and of his confederats and how they continually leauied men he came to Illesca being followed by the Archbishop of Toledo the Maister of Saint Iames the Earle of Niebla D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça Admirall Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Lord Steward Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iustice Ruy Lopes of Aualos Chamberlaine and other Noblemen with about seuenteene hundred Launces Heere D. Alphonso of Arragon Mrquis of Villena who had not approched neere the court all the Kings
Arragon Arragon sonne to D. Pedro the Cerimonious hauing reigned nine yeeres and three monthes went about that time into the Island of Majorca whether he had beene drawne by the seditions of the Islanders raysed against the Iewes which dwelt among them whom they had slaine and spoiled after the manner of the Castillans and Arragonois incensed by a seditious Archdeacon preaching at Seuile with which mischiefe all the townes of Spaine were in the end infected except Saragossa The King hauing punished the chiefe authors of these hatefull mutinies in his returne he was driuen by a storme to Cap de Cruz about Ampurias from whence being come to Castillon Death of D. Iohn King of Arragon he was surprized by sodaine death some hold that it was in chasing the Wolfe in the woods of Foxa others say hee fell and bruzed his skull in the yeere 1395. This Prince 1395. as we haue formerly said had taken to wife a French Lady called Martha daughter to Iames Earle of Armaignac who gouerned him quietly by whom he had one only daughter called Ioane married at the time of his death to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn which was the cause of much warre in Arragon The Queene D. Martha being dead soone after her deliuery the King D. Iohn married Donna Violant daughter to the Duke of Bar who brought him a soone but of short life and lies interred at Saragossa and afterwards a daughter carrying the mothers name and married in her time to Lewis duke of Aniou sonne to that Lewis which died in Italy pursuing his interest to the realme of Naples After the death of King Iohn Mathew Earle of Foix who had married his eldest daughter pretended according to the custome practised in Spaine The Arragonois reiect D. Ioane from the succession and choose D. Martin that the carowne of Arragon did belong vnto his wife and sought all meanes to botaine it but the Arragonois would not then subiect themselues vnder a strange Prince and reiecting the womans right they did choose D. Martin for their king who was brother to the deceased and was then in Sicile These quarrels rysing from the succession in Arragon and the reiection of the heire of that realme which happened soone after the returne of the Queene Donna Leonora into Nauarre it mooued King Charles to take an oth of his subiects that they should maintaine the Realme to his eldest daughter and successiuely to the rest The end of the seuenteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1. PRroceeding of D. Henry King of Castile against the Earle of Gijon in France 2. Actions of Mahumet Guadix and other Kings of Granado treacheries poysonings and other excesse of that nation to reigne 3. Deeds of D. Henry King of Castile called the sickly Examples of his Iustice temperance and rigour with other pollitike acts 4. Iohn Pablo a Iew a learned man and his conuersation with the honours and dignities which he and his children obtained in Spaine 5. Reformation of the Knights of the Calatraua 6. Warre betwixt Portugal and Castile for the crowne 7. The Dutchesse of Momblanc seizeth vpon the realme of Arragon in the name of her husband D. Martin who was the 15. King of Arragon and the first of that name wherevnto the Estates consented 8. Confirmation of D. Martin King of Arragon his carriage in the gouernment of his realme to forraine Princes and the Pope 9. Death of D. Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo his family qualities workes and buildings Vacancy of that sea foure yeeres 10. Ruy Lopes d' Aualos and the beginning of the house of Aualos 11. Continuation of the Schisme friar Vincent Ferrier a great preacher 12. Warre against the Moores of Granado the death of King Henry the 3. 13. Marriage of D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre with Don Martin King of Sicile Accord made by the King of Nauarre with the French King for the Lands of his patrimony that were seized 14. D. Iohn the second of that name King of Castile an Infant of two and twenty monthes old Fidelity and modestie of D. Fernand the Kings vncle Castile gouerned by him and the Queene mother 15. Warre of Granado managed by the Infant Don Fernand first vse of Artillerie in Spaine 16. Superstitions new sects and a third head in the church of Rome 17. Warre of Sardinia troubles at Valencia death of D. Martin the sonne King of Sicile Marriage of D. Martin the father King of Arragon 18. Warre of Castile against the Moores 19 Death of D. Martin King of Arragon Factions for the succession to that crowne The pretendants Arbitrators named to choose a King 20. Duke of Benaâ—ent escapes out of prison The Iewes and Moores commanded to carry certaine markes by the councell of friar Vincent Ferrier 21 D. Fernand first of that name and the 16. King of Arragon opposition of the Earle of Vrgel his imprisonment the Kings coronation 22. Retreat of Pope Benedict into Spaine Councell of Constance Estates at Sarragossa Marriage of the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon with Donna Maria of Castile 23. D. Alphonso the fifth King of Arragon 24 Gouernment of Castile vnder Donna Catherina the Queene mother 25 Proceeding of the Councel of Constance against Pope Benedict and his obstinacy 26 Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt 27 Family of Estuniga death of the Queene Regent and other affaires of Castile 28 Deeds of D. Iohn King of Portugal Monastery of the battaile and other workes built by him Taking of Ceuta in Barbary descouerie of the Madera's First search of the Portugals into the South and East seas 29 Marriage of the Infant D. Iohn brother to D. Alphonso King of Arragon and of D. Blanch of Nauarre widow Queene of Sicile 30 Marriage pursued with violence by Don Henry maister of Saint Iames brother to the King of Arragon of Donna Catherina Infanta of Castile and what followed 31 Causes of the warre of Naples attempted by D. Alphonso King of Arragon Estate of that Realme vnder Queene Ioane the second 32 Aduancement of D. Aluaro de Luna to be Constable of Castile 33 D. Iohn first of that name and 32. King of Nauarre in the right of D. Blanch his wife 34 Deliuery of D. Henry maister of Saint Iames being prisoner Estates at Toro Restitution of the Constable being chased away ambition of D. Iohn king of Nauarre and of his brother D. Henry 35 New Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 36 Estate of the Moores of Granado vnder Mahumet the left-handed and other Kings 37 Troubles betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 38 Marriage of Donna Isabella of Portugal to Philip duke of Bourgondy Institution of the Order to the golden Fleece 39 Proceeding by iustice against the King of Nauarre and his partisans in Castile 40 Peace concluded betwixt Portugal and Castile D. Nugno Aluarez of Pereira first Constable of Portugal and
his last acts Kings in Spaine mentioned in this eighteenth Booke ARRAGON 15. D. Martin 1. 16. D. Fernand 1. 17. D. Alphon 5. CASTILE and LEON 18. D. Iohn 2. and the 39. NAVARRE 32. D. Iohn 1. IN the reigne of King Henry the third it often appeered how vaine the enterprises of bad subiects are against a vertuous and innocent Prince for God did preserue this poore pupill from the ambitious rage of his Tutors Princes Prelats and great Lords of Castile ruining them by their owne discord And he did so much honour the royall Maiesty as when as this young Prince had taken vpon him the gouernment of the realme at the age of foureteene yeeres he deliuered them into his hands to punish them as their obstinate rebellion and ingratitude had deserued Being freed as we haue said of the Duke of Benauent the Queene of Nauarre and the Archbishop of Saint Iames and hauing by their example reduced the Earle of Transtamara and the Archbishop of Toledo to their duties there onely remained D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon his vncle who was reduced to that extremity as he was forced to vndergoe the censure of a strange Prince in a cause which concerned his honor his goods and his liberty the which he might haue enioyed with reputation yea much augmented his dignity if he had contained himselfe with modesty in the fauor of D. Henry King of Castile his naturall Prince According to the accord made at the seege of Gijon the King sent his Ambassadors to the French King to debate the causes he had to dispossesse D. Alphonso who hauing staied many daies in the court of France Proceeding against the Earl of Gijon the Earle of Gijon nor his Attorney appeering and the time of the assignation being expired they prepared for their returne when they had newes that their aduerse party was come to the coast of Brittaine and was comming towards Paris wherefore to giue more countenance to their cause they attended Being arriued hee spake with King Charles for his iustification accusing the King his Nephew that he sought to take his portion from him lying in Asturia Leon and Castile the which was asigned him by the deceased King D. Iohn his brother adding many other charges and excesse wherevnto the Ambassadors answered pertinently laying open the Earles ingratitude rebellion and conspiracy against the King his Lord and benefactor who had drawne him out of prison and restored him to all his goods the which King Iohn had iustly taken from him adding therevnto pensions Estates and honours and accusing him in particular of the violent vsurpation of the towne of Paredes of Naua and other tyranicall actions done by him hauing also refused to signe the truce of Portugal with many others acts of contempt and fellony concluding that hee ought to loose the Earldome of Gijon and to be wholy left to the discretion and will of the King his Lord so as in the proofes of these crimes exhibited by the Ambassadors in defence of their Princes actions hauing not any thing to reply publikely he gaue the Lords of the French Kings councell secretly to vnderstand that the ill will which the King his Nephew bare him incensed by his bad councellors who werre corrupt and mercenary proceeded from nothing else but that hee had alwaies opposed himselfe to the practises and secret intelligences which they had with the English in league with whom they would draw the King of Castile to the preiudice of the friendship and ancient alliance which was betwixt the houses of Castile and France wherefore he intreated them to deale so with King Charles as he would iudge fauorably of his cause causing his Estates and Lands to be restored to him againe promising all his life time to doe him good and loyal seruice The King desirous to reconcile Princes that wee neere in bloud caused the Ambassadors to be treated with about a prorogation of the assignation for they had protested that the time prefixt being expired through the Earles negligence and contempt to whom the King their master had caused three hundred thousand marauidis to be deliuered for the charges of his voiage and to take from him all excuse that they could no more appeere before him as before their Iudge yet they said that seeing the King of Castile their Lord had submitted himselfe vnto his Iudgment for the brotherly loue that was betwixt them notwithstanding that many of his councell had diswaded him holding it a disparragement for the soueraigne Prince to contend with his vassall and subiects before a strange Iudge and out of his country and iurisdiction They were of opinion that if the Earle Don Alphonso did willingly deliuer the towne of Gijon vnto the King of Castile and submit himselfe to his will and mercy that by his intercession the Earle should obtaine a safe conduit and assurance to come into Castile and so he should treat of his affaires more profitably then by any other course They withall made a request vnto King Charles in the name of the King their Lord that for the league which was betwixt the two Kings and realmes he would be pleased to command D. Alphonso to depart his country which the French King could not refuse and therefore he caused notice to be giuen vnto the Earle that he should retire himselfe commanding all Gouernors of Prouinces especially of port towns not to giue him any fauor or aide wherefore he went away in poore estate kept himself some daies about Rochelle The six monthes of truce concluded betwixt the King and him being many daies before expired and yet the Ambassadors had not written any thing concerning the conclusion of this sute there were some troupes of horse and foote sent about Gijon after which the King came with greater forces both by land and sea the which did so presse the place as the Contesse Donna Isabella of Portugal yeelded it compounding for her life and liberty and of some Knights that were within it and the deliuery of her sonne D. Henry whom the King held in hostage In the meane time letters came out of France from the Ambassadors contayning what had past in this cause wherewith the King was wel satisfied The miserable Countesse Isabella daughter to D. Fernand King of Portugal being destitute of all meanes went into France to her husband D. Alphonso who was poore Gijon yeelded vnto the King and the Earle dispossest and banished into France and without any helpe or fauour but from the Vicontesse of Touars in whose country he liued in the towne of Marant After the taking of Gijon the King went to Seuile to treat a truce with the Moores being sollicited by King Mahumet then reigning in Granado the third after the death of Mahumet the old who was bruted to haue poisoned the King D. Henry the second and this was his succession Mahumet Guadix the tenth King of Granado MAhumet surnamed Guadix after the death of Mahumet the Old his
marauidis for the exactions and concussions done vppon his people and the kings money keeping them two moneths in the castle of Burgos vntill the full payment and execution of these things If he were moderate in this act of iustice Executions 〈◊〉 Seuile hee vsed greater rigour at Seuile where all was full of partialities proceeding from the diuisions and quarrels which his tutor had bred which the Magistrates and kings officers could not suppresse Being declared of full age he went thither and caused the Earle of Niebla Peter Ponce of Leon and other heads and chief authors of these seditions to be put in prison and hauing examined euery mans actions he banished some others he condemned in great fynes and losse of their offices and caused many to be hanged or lose their heads so as there were aboue a thousand persons intangled in these punishments and executions of iustice one of the chiefe ministers whereof was Doctor Iohn Alphonso of Toro to whom the gouernement of Seuile was giuen for matters of iustice and the more to countenance him the king stayed there many daies This king gaue many other testimonies of his loue to iustice he gaue audience to all sutors indifferently three dayes in the weeke he heard all the complaints of his subiects and prouided for them he could discerne of men of iudgement which were fit for councell and the gouernment of the commonwealth The most esteemed and of greatest authoritie about him were Don Pedro Tenorio Arch-bishop of Toledo Friar Iohn Henriques and Friar Fernando of Illesca with the Cardinall D. Pedro of Frias Bishop of Osma and these for the Clergie Elâ—etion of 〈◊〉 men to 〈◊〉 great aff â—â—res of Knights he made great esteeme of Don Laurence Suarez of Figueroa Master of Saint Iames Gonçales Nugnes of Guzman Master of Calatraua Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile Ruy Lopes of Aualos his Lord Chamberlaine and afterwards Constable Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iutice Peter Lopes of Ayala a knight of great learning who came to be Lord Chancelour Iohn Velasco a Chamberlaine and other knights of his Councell which consisted of sixteene graue personages Among others that were very deare vnto him there was a Doctor a Iew by sect borne at Burgos who afterwards imbraced the Christian Religion called Don Pablo who for his learning and good life Doctor Pablo a Iew learned and of a good life was in time chosen Bishop of Carthagena and in the end obtained the Bishopricke of Burgos He had many times oppugned the Christian Religion as a Iew Rabin and Master in the Iewish Law but hauing receiued in gift of a Christian Doctor the booke of Saint Thomas Aquinas intituled de Legibus he read it diligently and was so mooued with the reasons thereof as he left his Iewish religion the which is not strange say the Diuines of Spaine for he that knowes not Saint Thomas knoweth not any thing and he that knoweth him knowes all things This Prelate who was a great Preacher a great Philosopher wise and iudicious in matters of State and of the kings Councell wrate many bookes whereof some are yet extant Beeing a Iew he was married Doctor Pablos children all learned and had three soones all learned men whereof the one was Deane of Segobia and succeeded his father in the Bishoppricke of Burgos he was called Don Alphonso of Carthagena from whome we haue the genealogie of the kings of Castile written in Latine Don Gonçalo another sonne of D. Pablos was Bishop of Palença a Prelat of great learning and the third was Aluar Garcia of S. Maria a learned man also D. Pablo their father beeing of the King Don Henries Councell notwithstanding that he had bin a Iew did aduise him and his successors Counsel of a Iew against Iewes not to receiue into their seruice either of his housholds Councell or to any Offices of the Realm any Iew although he were conuerted and that for some speciall causes The King Don Henry being endowed with these good qualities beyond the Ordinary of young Princes had also some blemishes like other mortall men for hee was noted to be sparing and desirous to heape vp treasure and yet they say that it was without the oppression of his subiects the which is hard in a Prince yet hee gaue many prouisions and pensions to them that were neere to him in bloud or allyed to him by affinitie as to the Queene D. Beatrix his mother-in-law whome he maintained in the estate of a Queene and to Don Fernand his brother who shewed himselfe alwaies obedient to his will His countries beeing in peace he gaue himselfe to repaire and fortifie the fronter places and did build a new the castle of Carthagena As for religious buildings the church and conuent of the Carthusians at Burgos called Mirefleurs are his worke he was a great fauorer of the Franciscans to whome Queene Katherine his wife had a particular deuotion who was a Ladie of great pietie according to the instruction of that time bountifull maiesticall wife and discreet in her words yet superfluous in her manner of liuing and louing wine whereby in her latter dayes she fell into a palsey The Kings infirmities which began at the age of seuenteene yeares did in time so vndermine him being incurable as he became drie and leane so as the proportion of his body was changed and he seemed another man then formerly he had beene moreouer he was so sad and melancholicke as most commonly he was alone and would not admit of any company Yet he was alwaies carefull of the gouernement of the Realme He alwaies entertayned Ambassadours in Princes Courts as well Christians as Mahumetists by whom he was aduertised what was done in forraine countries their manners and manner of gouernements a thing most profitable for him that sends them Ambassadors discourer the councels and actions of Princes but not for them that receiue them for by Ambassadors which are resident the Councels and actions of Princes are discouered to the great preiudice of their estates Two of his Ambassadors sent into the East the which wee Pelayo of Soto maior and Fernando Pelasuel fell into the hands of Tamberlaine Emperor of the Tartarians after the defeate of Baiazet who intreated then graciously and sent them backe into Spaine with an Ambassador of his to demand friendship of king Henry During his raigne in the yeare 1397 the order to the Knights of the Calatraua in steed of a blacke hood which they had worne vntill that time Red crosse the marke of the Order of Calatraua tooke for their marke a red square crosse which they carry at this day the which was done by the Bull of Pope Benedict of Auignon at the instance of Don Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman maister of the Calatraua The realme of Castille being at peace with all men it was ingaged in new troubles by Don Iohn King of Portugall for that the Articles of the truce concluded
would bee the end of the troubles of Arragon which increased daily they sent the horsemen of Castile to fauour the friends of the Archbishop of Saragosla that was slaine by the which the lands of D. Anthony de Luna were spoiled And at that time friar Vincent Ferrier that great preacher made a voiage to the court of Castile who made some sermons before the Queene mother and some Noblemen by whose aduice there was an Order made that all Iewes dwelling in Castile should carry for a marke and distinction to bee knowne a peece of red cloth vpon their cloakes and the Moores greene hattes with white moones The affaires of Arragon growing tedious the King was carried backe to Vailledolit The truce of Portugall being expired it was treated by Ambassadours to make a perpetuall peace the which was not then concluded The arbitrators appointed to iudge to whom the Realme of Arragon did belong Arragon hauing beene many daies in conference in the castle of Caspe in the end they did all agree to adiudge it to the Infant D. Fernand of Castile whereof hee had notice giuen him in Iune in the yeere 1412. beeing at Cuenca wherefore hauing made his election knowne vnto King Iohn his Nephew and to the Queene his mother and giuen great thankes for the fauour he had receiued in that respect by the forces and meanes of Castile he prepared himselfe to goe and take possession of his Realme And first of all hee declared for Tutors and Gouernors of the Realme in his place D. Iohn of Illesca Bishop of Siguença D. Pablo bishop of Carthagena D. Henry Manuel Earle of Montalegre and Pero Alfan of Ribera Gouernor of Andalusia with whom hee ioyned other men of State and learning This and other things beeing ordred hee went into Arragon where he found great resistance especially of Don Iames Earle of Vrgel who pretended to reigne him he sought by all friendly meanes to draw vnto his seruice but in vaine for the Earle being obstinate he drew the English into Spaine notwithstanding whose aide he yeelded D. Fernand the first of that name the sixteenth King of Arragon DOn Fernand the first of that name raigned in Arragon Genealogie of Arragon Cattelogne Valencia Sicile Majorca Minorca c. By the consent of all the Estates and for his good parts was surnamed the honest whose posterity was famous Before hee came to the crowne of Arragon he had by his wife the Countesse of Albuquerque Don Alphonso who was heire of the Realmes and was in his fathers life-time called Prince of Girone in steed of the title of Duke vsurped vntill that time by the eldest sonnes of Arragon He had also by her the Infant Don Iohn who was King of Nauarre and afterwards of Arragon and Sicile by the decease of his elder brother Moreouer hee had Don Henry maister of Saint Iames Don Sancho maister of the Alcantara and the Infant Don Pedro who died in the warres of Naples beeing slaine with a great shot all these fiue Princes were borne in Castile The daughters which issued from this marriage were Donna Maria Queene of Castile married to King Iohn the second her cousin germaine and Donna Leonora who was Queene of Portugal wife to Don Edward D. Fernand was two and thirty yeeres old when hee beganne to reigne in Arragon beeing Lord of great possessions in Castile whereof he gaue the Dutchy of Pegnafiel and the Signeury of Lara to Don Iohn his second sonne all which Inheritance both by father and mother in Castile his children enjoyed for a time but beeing turbulent and not able to entertaine themselues with the Kings of Castile they lost all In the yeere 1413. the King Don Fernand hauing beseeged the Earle of Vrgel Vrgel in the towne of Balaquer for that hee did still raise new troubles hee prest him in such sort as his wife was perswaded to goe forth and casting her selfe at the Kings feete to demaund her husbands life The King vsing his accustomed clemency pardoned him his life but the Earle comming forth and hauing kist the Kings hands hee was shut vp in the same castle There were many Knights of Castile which serued the King in this warre and amongst other forces there were sent vnto him by Donna Catherine Queene of Castile foure hundred launces with promise to furnish him with foure thousand if he had need but the Earles yeelding freed him of that necessity Hee seized vpon Lerida and other places and in a short time made all within the Realme to bow and therefore hee sent away his souldiars of Castile well satisfied Don Godfrey of Nauarre Earle of Cortes and Marshall of Nauarre the Kings base sonne was at this warre with some men at armes The new King did afterwards cause the Earle of Vrgel to bee araigned and condemned him to perpetuall prison depriuing him of his dignity and goods and then he sent him prisoner to Vruegna a sort in Castile from whence he was afterwards transported to Mora. The Countesse his mother was also condemned to loose her goods and some men of base condition were put to death These things being done the King came to Saragossa Coronation of the King D. Fernand at Saragossa where he was crowned by the Archbishop of Tarragone in the presence of many Noblemen of Arragon Valencia Sicile Cattelogâ—e Castile and Nauar at the which there were great and stately triumphes To serue at this ceremony the Queene of Castile his sister in law had sent him a crowne of gold weighing fifteene markes inricht with many stones of great value He was armed Knight by the Duke of Gandia and then annointed and crowned in the great church of Saragossa after which act he was very bountiful to the Noblemen and Knights that assisted at his coronation From Nauarre came the Marshall D. Godfrey Peter Martin of Peralta with many others Going from Saragossa he came to Morella where he should meete with Pope Benedict who after his deposing had retired himselfe into Arragon yet retayning still his dignity Pope Benedict in Arragon as much as he might There they had an enterview whereas Pope Benedict went in a sollemne procession in his pontificall habit with a white Miter on his head set with stones of great price to whom the King did all the honour hee could deuise Before his departure from thence there came Ambassadours from the Emperour Sigismond who perswaded the King of Arragon to fauour the councell which was then called at Constance for the rooting out of the schisme To treat whereof there was an enterview concluded betwixt the two Princes at Nice and the King was intreated to perswade Benedict Councel of Constance willingly to renounce his dignity of Pope An. 1414. The councell began the fifth day of Nouember in the yeere 1414. and continued aboue three yeeres There were Ambassadors sent from Castile by the aduice of King Fernand D. Diego of Anaya Maldonado Archbishop of Seuile and D.
Martin Fernandes of Cordoua accompanied with many great Doctors in Diuinity This yeere died in Castile Vincent Arias a great Doctor and the first that did comment vpon the lawes of Castile The King D. Fernand hauing held the Estates of Cattelogne at Momblanc he past to Valencia where he found Benedict held for Pope onely in Castile Arragon and Nauarre In that court there were also many prelats Marriage betwixt D. Alphonso of Arragon and D. Maria of Castile noblemen and knights as well of the realme as strangers by reason of the marriage which was celebrated there betwixt the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon the Kings eldest sonne and Mary of Castile sister to the King Don Iohn by reason whereof there were great sports so as some Bishops according to the manner of that age carried the praise namely Don Sancho of Roias Bishop of Palence to whom at the intreaty of the Queene of Castile Benedict the pretended Pope did conferre the Archbishoprike of Toledo beeing voide by the decease of Don Pedro de Luna And for that in the contract of future marriage there had beene graunted in dowry to the Infanta the Marquisate of Villena when as there was no likely-hood that the Infant should come to the crowne of Arragon it was againe concluded for that it seemed by this meanes the Marquisate should bee alienated from the crowne of Castile that in lieu thereof there should bee giuen two hundred thousand doublons of Castile During the Kings aboad at Valencia hee fell sicke which staied him from going to Nice wherefore the Emperour Sygismond resolued to come into Spaine whereof the King D. Fernand being aduertised he caused himselfe to bee carried to Perpignan to meet with this great Prince who toiled himselfe for the revnion of the church an example of modesty in his traine which was small in habits which were simple and in his seruice for he was not serued but in peuter Their enterview was in September in the yeere of our Lord 1415. Entervew of the Emperors Sigismond and D. Fernand King of Arragon after the foureteenth Session of the councell of Constance where Iohn the three and twentith and Gregory the twelfth were deposed who yeelded though against their wills onely Benedict held his Popedome by force and would not allow of this councel with whom neither the intreaties nor threats of Princes nor the acts and protestations of Ambassadors from the councell could preuaile after whose departure the King Don Fernand laboured what he could to induce this froward spirit to yeeld to the consent of all Christendome but there was no meanes yea Benedict retired in great indignation to Pigniscola a sort vpon the sea in the Realme of Valencia wherefore the King by the aduice of Friar Vincent Ferrier and other great Doctors gaue him to vnderstand that hee retired himselfe from his obedience This did not amaze Benedict but flying to his spirituall armes hee pronounced King Fernand to bee fallne from all regall authority in Arragone writing to all the townes and people that were subiect vnto him that they should not yeeld him obedience The King little regarding it not onely persisted in his resolution but also went into Castile to perswade the councell of King Iohn his Nephew to submit him and his Realmes to the authority of the councell but being not fully recouered he was forced to stay at Igualada where hauing newes of the death of his sonne Don Sancho maister of Alcantara Death of D. Fernand King of Arragon his sicknesse increased An. 1416. so as hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1416. hauing reigned onely three yeeres and tenne monthes beeing about sixe and thirty yeere of age and was buried in the Monastery of Poblete Hee did institute by his will Don Alphonso his eldest sonne to bee heire of his Estates and for want of children did substitute his brethren and if they died without children hee did substitute vnto them the sonnes or nephewes of his daughters excluding them The authors of the History of Sicile write that this Prince beeing come to the crowne of Arragon would not sodainely intitle himselfe King of Sicile for that the Island was full of tumults and seditions which grew presently after the death of King Martin whereof the chiefe motiue was Bernard of Cabrera Earle of Modica and chiefe Iustice which is the principall dignity in that Realme who with other Noblemen his confederats pretended that the vnion of Sicile with the crowne of Arragon plotted by the two King Martins father and sonne had beene concluded against all right and custome and therefore they maintained that it was lawfull for the Sicilians to choose a King at their pleasures Bernard of Cabrera had a conceite that this honour was due to him and therefore hee sought to seize vpon the person of the widow Queene Donna Blanche the Regent to the end that hee might marry her were shee willing or not thinking by this meanes to make his way more easie to the crowne but shee being aduertised of his intent retired from Cattanea and fortefied her selfe in Syracusa where soone after shee was beseeged by Bernard of Cabrera and his partisans and without their speedy and faithfull succours which dissallowed of his enterprises shee had beene taken Cabrera was repulst from this seege and the Queene carried to Palermo whereas hee pursued her againe hauing gathered all his forces againe together and had almost surprized her Hee still laied ambushes for her vntill at length hee himselfe was betraied by his owne men and drawne into his enemies snares who deliuered him into the hands of the Admirall Sancho Doriz who kept him some daies prisoner in great miserie in the castle of La Motte of Saint Anastase and in the end deliuered him to the Agents of King Fernand by whom hee was sent to Barcelona there to receiue the punishment of his rashnesse at the Kings pleasure but this milde and generous Prince mooued with his age and the seruices which the Princes of Arragon had receiued after that he had reprehended him sharpely he not onely set him at libertie but did assigne him an honorable ranke in his Court The troubles of Sicile being pacified by the taking of this Bernard of Cabrera Don Fernand was acknowledged for king and obeyed who gouerned it by his Lieutenants and Viceroys as other Kings of Arragon haue since done The Maiesty of this Prince was such together with his mildnesse and wisedome as without vsing the rigour of armes or any other violent constraint he caused all rebellion to cease as well in Sicile as Sardinia As for Queene Blanche widow to Martin king of Sicily who was also heire of Nauarre shee was afterwards married to the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon D. Alphonso the fifth of that name the 17. King of Arragon TO Fernand succeeded his sonne D. Alphonso surnamed the Valiant a Prince worthy of that title for his royall vertues and the famous conquests and exploites of
come and free him In the meane time D. Henry held a councell with his partisans at Talauera and prouided for many things Kings of Castile beseeged by his owne subiects least the King should escape from him Being intreated by his men who were in the forme of a Campe abot Mountalban hee came thether bringing with him the Queene D. Maria his Sister and all the Nobility that was a Talauera to repaire this disorder in some sort The King and such as were with him in the Castle for want of better foode did eate their horses D. Iohn of Torsillas Bishop of Segobia being brought in hee sought to make an accord for the Infant D. Henry but the King interrupted him saying that D. Henry should come himselfe and to hee sent him backe D. Henry would not aduenture to enter but he procured that the Constable d' Aualos and D. Aluar of Luna conferred together but they could not conclude any thing nor yet the deputies of the prouinces of the realme who entring into the Castle were intreated to moue the King but they could get noe other answer but that D. Henry must free his lodging from seege who indeed was forced to dislodge for the Infant D. Iohn and other Noblemen being followed by good troupes of men at armes approched and would haue taken him from thence by force Thus the King was deliuered from this seege and the Castle furnished with victualls wherefore he sent a commandement to the Infant D. Iohn of Arragon that he should not aduance with his troupes vntill he had other newes from him The Infant stayed at Fonsalida where D. Alfonso Henriques the Admirall ioyned with him being well accompanied and others which came from all parts to deliuer the King as they said out of prison This was at that time when as Villa-real beganne to be called Citudad real in recompence of the good seruice which the Inhabitants did vnto the King in this tumult Don Henry being retired to Ocagne hee had commaundement from the King to lay downe armes but hee would not obay The King parted from Montalban to returne to Talauera vpon the way hee was met by the Infant Don Iohn and Don Pedro his brother with other Noblemen who hauing kist the Kings hands dined with him at Villalua and then they were sent backe to their troupes for Aluar de Luna who gouerned the King could not endure that any of the Infants should stay in court least it should impaire his credit and authority The King being come to Talauera he sent a new commaundement to Don Henry and his confederats to disarme who were content so as D. Iohn the Infant of Arragon did also disarme whom the King commanded to send away his men wherein he obaied after which the King hauing dispatched some businese in his fauour at Talauera hee went to Auila by the way hee came to Pegnafiel where hee ddi visit his cousin Donna Blanche of Nauarre D. Henry depriâ—ed of his gâ—ods and digâ—ities Castile wife to the Infant Don Iohn making great demonstrations of loue vnto her Don Henry would not disarme especially beeing degraded of the title of Marquis of Villena by a decree of the councell and his lands beeing seized on hee would recouer them by force if he might not otherwise for proofe whereof hee assailed Chinchilla Alarcon and the castle of Garci Nugnes where there was a garrison for the King causing on the other side his wife Donna Catherina to whom the Marquisate did belong to bee a sutor vnto the King for his pardon but the King was so incensed as he would not heare speake of it and he reuoaked the title of Duke which hee had caused to bee giuen him of the lands belonging to Order of Saint Iames hoping to make them hereditary The King did also reuoake the guift of Castagneda in the Asturia's of Santillana which hee had made vnto Don Garci Fernandes Manrique for that hee was one of Don Henries faction Don Garci refusing to yeeld beeing in possession there were some companies of men at armes sent who chased him and tooke some of his followers of whom Iustice was done Don Henry hoping for no fauour from the King marched towards Aguilar del Campo as hee sayd to kisse the Kings hand but the King dislodged from Aguilar and came to Palençuela sending word to Don Henry that hee should not aduance and that hee should dismisse his souldiars then hee came to Vailledolit and from thence to Tordesillas whereas Queene Mary his wife was yet Don Henry followed the King leading with him fifteene hundred launces and came vnto Guardarama so as the King was forced to draw companies vnto him for his safety Don Henry sent againe to beseech him to giue him accesse that he might discharge himselfe causing the deputies of townes to make the like sute from him but they laboured in vaine the King giuing them so many reasons as they laied all the blame vpon Don Henry and told him that he must obay and leaue his armed troupes the which he promised to doe but he did not performe it The Queene Donna Leonora mother to these Infants of Arragon being in great perplexitie to see this her Sonne in danger to be ruined she laboured all shee could possibly to pacifie the Kings wrath most iustly incensed against this rebell and rash vassall Don Lope de Mendoça Archbishop of Saint Iames did the like Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon but they preuailed nothing the King reiecting all prayers and sutes vntill hee had laid aside Armes wherefore Don Henry hauing made shew of two thousand Lances and three hundred light horse hee dismist them and returned to Ocagne with the Noblemen of his faction except Don Pedro of Velasco who came to the Court The King did also muster his men where there were found aboue sixe thousand men at Armes whom hee also discharged beeing payed except one thousand Lances which hee ratayned for his guard In the meane time Donna Blanche Infanta of Nauarre Nauarre was deliuered of a Sonne at Pegnafiell An. 1421. in the yeare of our Lord one thousand foure hundred twenty and one the which was Christened at Olmedo by the King of Castile and was named Don Charles and Don Aluar de Luna was his other God-father Don Iohn the Infants father feasted the King and whole court with great bountie and state Two yeares after this Infant was carryed into Nauarre at the instance of King Charles his Grand father who at that time made Viana â— Principalitie affected to the eldest sonne of Nauarre annexing to the towne and castle of Viana those of Guarde Saint Vincent Bernedo Aguilar Vxeneuilla Pombation San Pedro Cambreda val de Campeço Maragnon Toro Her-rara and Buraâ—oni and more-ouer he gaue vnto him corâ—la and Cinâ—ruenigo Peralta and Cadrieta these foure last being distinct Siegneuries from the Principalitie And at the Estates at Oliâ—e he caused him to be sworne heire of the realme
King of Arragona faâ—â—urer of a new Schisme borne at Teruel whom they called Clement of eight wherevnto Don Alphonso King of Arragon consented beeing in bad termes with Pope Martin at Rome This Clement created Cardinals gaue Benefices and Dispensations and did all acts of a Pope as well as martin and by him the Church of Rome continued diuided In the yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and fiue 1425. D. Henry sonne to D. Iohn King of Castille was borne at Vailledolit who succeeded him in the Realmes Hee was baptized by Don Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca Birth of the Infant Don Henry of Castile and God-fathers were Aluar de Luna the Constable and Don Alphonso Henriques Admirall of Castile and the Godmothers Donna Eluira Porto-carrero the Constables wife and Donna Ioane of Mendoça the Admirals and within few moneths after this Infant was sworne Prince and heire of the realmes in that Towne in the Monaflerie of Saint Pablo the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon as Lord of Lara being the first that swore him fealtie and future homage The offences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Arragon were such Nauarre as they attended nothing but open warre not onely in these towo realmes but also in Nauarre the successor thereof Don Iohn being much bound to either countrie wherefore the King Don Charles vsed all meanes possible to reconcile them Notwithstanding the King Don Alphonso sent a letter open by a Secretarie of his to the Infant D. Iohn his brother to come into Arragon to assist at a Parlament which hee had called vpon paine to bee declared a rebell Don Iohn not onely obtained leaue to goe to the King his Brother but hee had also full authoritie to make an accord with him When he came to the Court of Arragon at Tarassone hee had newes of the death of the King of Nauarre his father in lawe which happened sodenly at Olite in September beeing buise about his buildings A Prince much lamented both of his subiects and strangers Death of Charles King of Nauarre for his vertues and milde dispositions who besides other remarkable things setled a perpetuall peace in Pampelone the which before his time had beene deuided into three regions or coun-tries called Bourg Peuplement and Nauarriere gouerned by three diuers Iudges with seuerall Iurisdictions Pampâ—lona vniâ—d into one body so as there oftentimes fell out great contentions and mutinies among them the which hee did abolish reducing all the Inhabitants of the Towne vnder one Iustice taking away for euer the factious names of parts and quarters placing one Gouernour or Magistrate ouer them with ten Iâ—rates to assist him Hee was threescore and foure yeeres old when hee dyed and had raigned thirtie nine yeares and nine moneths His body was laide in the Cathedrall Church at Pampelone with Queene Leonora his wife Don Iohn first of that name thirty three King of Nauarre DOn Iohn his sonne in lawe succeeded him in the right of Donna Blanche his wife the Crown of Nauarre passing from the house of France to the house of Castile and Arragon for want of heyres male the which continued not long Hee was about eight and twenty yeares old when hee began to raigne in Nauarre when as King Charles dyed hee was in the campe of King Don Alphonso who being incensed against the King of Castile for his brother Don Henryes imprisonment was gone to Armes and had his forces on the confines of Arragon and Nauarre about Tarassone the which hee caused to enter into Nauarre as soone as the news came of the Kings death After which they vsed this ceremonie Don Iohn Ceremonie in taking poby ssession of the realme of Nauarre who should succede kept his chamber three dayes after which hee went to horse-back accompanied with the King his brother and causing the Standard of Nauarre to be carried before him by a Knight called Nugno Vaca and a Herald to march before with a coate of the armes of Nauarre crying our alowd Nauarre Nauarre for the King Don Iohn and Donna Blanche his wife going often about the field the Trumpets sounding and being followed by many Knights and Gentlemen of Castile and Arragon on foote but there was not one Nauarrois for the Nobilitie of Nauarre had done the like at Olite for the Queene Donna Blanche their naturall Princesse and not without a misterie Whilest that these things past vpon the frontiers the King of Castile hauing made a great assembly at Palence and gathered together much money Castile in the end hee was aduised to free Don Henry out of prison beeing the cause of all this tumult and for the which the King of Arragon had taken Armes The King of Castile would first haue the King of Arragon disarmed which difficulties being debated it was agreed that Don Henry should bee deliuered in the hands of Don Iohn King of Nauarre who should bee answerable vntill that the King of Arragon his brother had laide downe Armes Wherefore Pero Garcia of Herrera Marshall of Castile followed by fiue hundred men at Armes Don Henry brother to the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre deliuered came to the Castle of Mora whereas the infant Don Henry was deliuered vnto him hee Swearing to conduct him and deliuer him into the hands of Don Iohn King of Nauarre The two Kings Brethren being come to Saint Vincent of Nauarre hearing that they brought Don Henry they returned and going to meete him the King Don Iohn receiued him at Agreda and then ledde him to Tarassone whereas the King of Arragon embraced him with great content Beeing there Don Lewis de Guzman Maister of Calatraua and Don Iohn of Soto maior Maister of Alcantara sent to offer him their friendship and meanes against them of the Kings Councell and against his Mignions which had beene opposite against him The which the King of Castile did not doubt but sent Fernande of Robles and Doctor Periagnez of his Councell to Cascante a Towne of Nauarre to treate with the King Don Iohn touching his returne into Castile to end that which remained to doe touching Don Henry the which hee yeelded vnto and came to the King of Castile beeing at Roa who entertained him kindly and hauing beene there some dayes together without speaking of any affaires the King of Castile went to Segobia and hee of Nauarre to Medina del Campo Soone after in the beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and six hee came to Toro to the King of Castile where hee gaue him an accompt of that which hee had negotiated with the King of Arragon his Brother wherewith the King seemed to bee very well satisfied The Estates were held there by the which the King was let vnderstand of the superfluous charge of a thousand Lances which hee led for his garde Estates at Toro and their remonstrances the which cost eight Millions of Marauidis wherevpon they were reduced to a hundred vnder the
Constables charge who was in such authoritie and fauour as euery man feared him penly or hated him secretly The Estates requiring also that the Kings excessiue gifts should bee cut off it was ordained that all that had or should be giuen by the King before the age of twenty fiue yeares should bee reputed voide Many other good decrees were made but they lasted little The King of Nauarre staied in Castile where he had great possessions and was much fauoured yea for his sake many Noblemen Castillans were aduanced to Offices in the Kings house as Ruy Dias of Mendoça was made Lord Steward and Ihon Aluaro of Gadillo Standard-bearer As for himselfe hee was wholy gouerned by Diego Gomes of Sandoual whom he made Earle of Castro Xeris a place which was of his patrimonie There were three Leagues beginning in Court one for the king of Nauarre the second for Henry his brother and the third for the Constable Don Aluar de Luna who increased dayly in authoritie The king spent the rest of that yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and sixe at Fuente del Sauco at Vailledolit at Zamora where he caused some pettie mutiniers and rebels to bee punished by Iustice whilest that great men which troubled the realme liued in all assurance In the beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred twenty and seauen the Infant Don Henry and his wife Donna Catherina came from Valencia to Ocagne where the hatred burst forth betwixt the King of Nauarre and the Constable Don Aluar de Luna being much fauoured and highly supported by the fauor of the King who desired also to entertaine the King of Nauarre Don Henry aduancing towards the Court came to Vailledolit accompanied by the Maisters of Calatraua and Alcantara and others of the faction opposite to the Constable it auailing nothing that the King who was at Simanca did write vnto him and commanded him by many messages that he should not come to Court but returne to Ocagne The two Brethren entring into Vailledolit Leaguâ— against the Constable Aluâ—â— de Luna being confederate with Don Pedro of Velasco who was Earle of Haro and Lord Chamberlaine to the King Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buitrago who afterwards was the first Marquis of Sentillana Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of the Vallee of Corneia who afterwards was the first Earle of Alba and his Vncle Don Guttiere Gomes of Tolledo Bishop of Palence the Maisters of Calatraua and Alcantara with other noble men of Castille sent to beseech the King that for some good respects he would command the Constable to retire from Court for that the absolute power which he did vsurpe In the gouernment of affaires was the cause of many inconueniences The King would haue it put to Compromise and that the King of Nauarre on the one side and Don Aluar on the other should deliuer their reasons before Arbitrators of which aduice Francisco of Soria a Franciscan Friar was the Author The Iudges named for the confederates were don Lewis of Guzman Maister of the Calatraua and the Gouernour Don Pedro Manrique and for the Constable Don Alphonso Henriques high Admirall of Castille D. Aluar de Luna 〈…〉 from Court and Fernand Alphonso of Robles of the Kings Councell and his chiefe Treasurer and for an Vmper the Abbot of Saint Benets in Vailledolit All which gaue sentence that Don Aluaro de Luna the Constable should absent himselfe from Court for the space of eighteene moneths next ensuing and not come within fifteene Leagues of it and so should they doe whom hee had put into the Kings Chamber The Constable yeelding to this sentence hee retired himselfe to his house at Aillon and the King of Nauarre with his brother Don Henrie came to Cigales where the King was of whom they tooke their leaues with reasonable good shewes of loue yet Don Henry had a better countenance of him then the King of Nauarre to whom they imputed the whole cause of the Constables dismission which made the King the more desirous to see him againe And for that Fernando Alphonso de Robles one of the Kings Counsell had beene one of the principall Instruments of all these alterations hee was shut vp in the Castle of Segobia After all this they treated of Don Henries affaires and of his confederates The accord which the King made there with Don Henry Accord made by the King with Don Henry besides the restitution of his goods and the dignitie of the maistership of Saint Iames was that for the Marquisate of Villena hee should enioy Trugillo and Alcaras with their appurtenances and other lands in the country of Guadalajara Moreouer they gaue him two hundred thousand Florens of gold in ready money and a Million and two hundred thousand small Marauidis of yeerely pension during his life To the King of Nauarre for his charges during the troubles hee gaue a hundred thousand Florins to bee payde by a certaine time There was then present Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga Marshall of Nauarre who had married Donna Ioane base Sister to the Queene Donna Blanche The King discharged and sent home to their houses a great number of vnnecessarie men which followed the court without cause who were but a burthen to him and the country and to take away all occasion of distrust and new troubles hee granted a generall pardon to all men of what Estate quality or condition soeuer they were that had medled with the precedent troubles D. Ruy Lopes of Analos restored to his honor and good name but not to his goods Hee restored Don Ruy Lopes of Aualos the Constable beeing accused to haue had Intelligence with the Moores by letters produced to the Kings Councell to his honour and fame but hee neither restored him to his Office nor goods Amidest these treaties the Constable Aluaro de Luna was called backe againe to the court his verie enemies consenting therevnto yea the King of Nauarre and his brother Don Henry who grew after so iealous one of an other who should bee in the Constables fauour as they entred into factions wherefore the King of Castile imploying therein the Queene of Nauar and the Estates also of Nauarre they perswaded their King to returne into his realme D. Henry went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames and then was sent to the Moores frontier who began to raise some tumults as we will hereafter shew The King of Castile being at Vailledolit D. Leonora Infanta of Arragon sister to the King of Nauarre past thereby going into Portugal to be married to prince Edward the heire of that Realme to whom the King her cousin gaue the best reception he could honouring her with rich presents money and men to accompany her Soone after the King being at Arando of Duero her receiued D. Pedro Infant of Portugal and Duke of Coimbra very gratiously being also his cousin germaine for D. Philippe mother to D. Pedro and Donna Constance mother
being aduertised of these things hee went post to Alcantara with all his horsemen to the end this prisoner might bee deliuered vnto him to conduct him vnto the King but the Commander would not yeeld him The Admirall wisht him to keepe him in safe gard promising him a great recompence in the Kings name and from thence hee went and spoiled the country about Albuquerque The detention of the Infant Don Pedro did much trouble Don Henry his brother who caused the Maister to goe to field to let the world know that hee was no prisoner but for all this the Commander would not release Don Pedro for the King tempting the couetousnesse and ambition of this man Nephew betrayes his vncle through ambition promised to make him maister of Alcantara in his Vncles place so as it appeared to all men that in retaining Don Pedro hee had more hope to aduance him-selfe then charitie to his Vncle who indeed was depriued of his Maistership the Commander aduanced vnto it and the Inhabitants of Alcantara for their forwardnesse in the taking of the Infant were endowed with great priuiledges Don Henry seeing his affaires in very bad estate fearing they should vse his brother vnworthily Infants of Arâ—agon loose all their lands in Castile he had recourse vnto the King of Portugal to mediate his peace with the King and his brothers deliuery by whose meanes an accord was made with this condition that the sort of Albuquerque all others that the Infants did hold should bee deliuered into the Kings hands and they depriued of all their lands in Castile These things happened in the yeare 1432. when as King Iohn gaue the title of a Citty to the towne of Victoria Admirable Snow in Naâ—â—r ArragoÌ„ the chief in the prouince of Alaua About the end of this yeare there fell such aboundance of Snow in Nauarre and Arragon as the townes and bourroughs were in a manner besieged the Snow continuing forty dayes together so as they could not go from one place to another and the long continuance thereof made many beasts yea the most sauage and birds of all sorts to come familiarly into their houses being prest with hunger and suffer themselues to be taken as if they had put off their naturall wildnesse and were become tame a presage of future miserie The truce betwixt the King of Castile and Mahumet Aben Azar King of Granado being expired An. 1433. in the yeare 1433. there were new supplies of men sent vnto the frontiers of Andalusia vnder the command of Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val-decorneja who tooke Benamaruel and Bençalema from the Moores and the Estates of Castile were held at Madrid where they treated to continue this holy warre This yeare D. Iohn King of Portugal Portugal Death of Don Iohn King of Portugal dyed in the Castell of Lisbone a Prince full of yeares leauing his realme in peace and a happy memory of his gouernment hee was seauenty seauen yeares old when hee dyed and had raigned forty nine yeares His body was layed in the Cathedrall Church at Lisbone and afterwards buryed in the royall Monasterie of S. Mary of the battell Before he left this world he saw a son borne of D. Edward his sonne and successor of the Realme and of Donna Leonora of Arragon his wife who was named Don Alphonso and raigned after the father D. Edward the first of that name and 11. King of Portugall DOn Edward was presently after proclaymed king in the pallace of Alcaçaua in the presence of his breethren D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ and duke of Viseo the Infant Don Iohn Maister of Saint Iames of Portugal and Constable of the realm Don Pedro of Meneses Earle of Viana the bishop of Ebora and many other Prelates and Knights whereas the bishop of Ebora did celebrate the ceremonie They say that the Noblemen being assembled to celebrate this act a Iew Phisitian to the new king and very learned in astrologie came and presented himself vnto the assembly beseeching them to deferre it vntill noone with assurance that he had obserued some bad constellation threatning that Kings raigne that should be receiued at that houre The king who was better instructed touching these prognostications would haue them proceed without delay wherefore the Iew replyed that the king should raigne little and with great troble He was one and forty yeares old when he began to raigne and had beene married fiue yeares before too late for a Prince that was heire to a great Estate His wife Donna Leonora was daughter to King Fernand who of Duke of Pegnafiel had bene made king of Arragon by election of the arbitrators deputed by the Estates of the countrie borne of Donna Leonora of Albuquerque Genealogie of Portugal who was issued of the bdoud royall of Castile and Portugall for Donna Beatrix her mother was daughter to the king Don Pedro and sister to Don Iohn king of Portugal borne of the faire and happie Agnes of Castro and the father was Don Sancho sonne to Don Alphonso king of Castile the last Of this Princesse of Arragon king Edward had Don Alphonso his eldest and successor to the Crowne of Portugall borne in the pallace of Sintra in the yeare 1432. then D. Fernand his second sonne this yeare 1433 who was Duke of Viseo and married Donna Beatrix his cousin germaine daughter to D. Iohn Master of S. Iames and the third Constable of Portugal of which marriage was borne Donna Leonora Queene of Portugall wife to Don Iohn the second and also D. Izabella Dutchesse of Bragance and Don Dominicke Duke of Viseo and Don Manuel who came to raigne in Portugal from whome is descended the last King Don Sebastian by the masculine line Besides these two sonnes Donna Leonora brought king Edward her husband foure daughters D. Philip who dyed being but eleuen yeares old stricken with the plague at Lisbon D. Leonora married to the Emperour Fredericke the third father and mother to the Emperor Maximilian of Austria the first of that name the third was D. Catherina who was betrothed to Don Charles Prince of Viana heire of Nauar and afterwards to Edward the fourth King of England and yet married neither of them but dyed a mayd the fourth was D. Ieanne a very faire Princesse who married with Don Henry the fourth king of Castile This was the issue of king Edward who is numbred for the eleuenth king of Portugall vnfortunate at the least in this that during his raigne the plague neuer ceased to consume his people yet he was a louer of iustice for the administration wherof he deputed euery three moneths one of his brethren an Earle and a Bishop commanding them to do Iustice to euery man and to suppresse all excesse he was sober in speech and in his manner of liuing as much as any Prince of his time he did limit the expences of his Wardrobe to fiue hundred doublons of gold by
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne 〈◊〉 Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his â—â—her vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
brother led some troupes towards Auila where by the meanes of Aluaro of Bracamont and Fernando of Aualos who had taken vpon them to defend it they became maisters from thence the King of Nauarre did write a letter vnto the King of Castile full of good councel accusing the constable of auarice Insolemies of the Constable of Castile made knowne vnto the King cruelty tyranie insolency and contempt of the Princes and Noblemen yea of the King himselfe hauing presumed to kil a squier in Areualo and a groome to flie his fury hauing cast himselfe at the Kings feet as in a most assured Sanctury he had beaten him almost in his bosome stretching his armes ouer the Kings shoulders without any respect to his dignity whom euery man to the great dishonor of his royal person said he had inchanted and to conclude if he did not chase him away and punish him he could not be honored nor serued by the Princes and Noblemen of Castile who could not endure such indignities from an vpstart whose beginning was scarce knowne The King knew well that many things contained in these letters were true yet being gouerned by such as fauored the constable he made no answere wherevpon the confederats sent the Earles of Haro and Benauent vnto him who after many Negotiations concluded with the Kings councel that they should make an assembly of the Estates at Vailledolit whereas the deputies of the townes and Prouinces of Castile and Leon should meet and determine of that which should be held expedient for the quiet of the realme so as the Archbishop of Seuile and his Nephew the Earle of Alba did remaine at their houses Before the execution of that which had beene concluded the Infant D. Henry entred Toledo with three hundred and fifty knights through the fauor of D. Pedro Lopes of Ayala the Gouernor and made himselfe maister thereof hauing good correspondency with the King of Nuarre his brother whose faction was very strong at that time in Castile his friends and confederats holding the chiefe townes of the realme for besides that he had vnder his command the towne of Auila and his brother that of Toledo the Earle of Ledesma held Burgos and the castle Pedro of Quignones was maister of Leon Ruy Diaz of Mendoça commanded Segobia with the sort D. Henry Henriques the Admirals brother had Zamora and the castle Salamanca was in the hands of Iohn Gomes of Anaya Guadalajara of D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita Plaisance of the Earle of Ledesma Vailledolit of the Earle Pedro Nugnes other places were held by other Knights of that party the which did much trouble the King and his constable To make the assembly of Vailledolit more easie the Earles of Haro and Benauent returned to Bonille where it was againe concluded that the Kings and the Noblemen should retire their troupes and there was a general pasport giuen to al them that should come to Vailledolit with assurance of their goods yea to the constable who remained in his house at Escalano where by an ill presage the greatest part of the castle had some few daies before beene burnt with lightning notwithstanding the King would haue the pasport serue also for the constables person In this assembly it was decreed that the cities and townes held by the confederats should bee left free at the King of Castiles dispose but there was not any thing effected and the more to trouble the realme D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's perswaded by his spouse and the confederat noblemen began to ioyne with the King of Nauarre his future father in law retyring himselfe vnto the Admiral D. Frederics lodging wherewith the court was much troubled and the King sent the Earle of Castro and Ruy Diaz of Mendoça to the King of Nauar to vnderstand the cause of this alteration who answered that he knew it not and withal went with them to the Admirals lodging to vnderstand the reason The Prince answered that he had retired himselfe thether by reason of Doctor Perjineâ— Alphonso Pâ—res of Biuero and Nicholas Fernandes of Villanicar of the Kings councel being vnworthy of that ranke and beseeching the King that he would chase them away else he would retire himselfe The King promised to dismisse them wherevpon the Prince was pacefied and came to the Kings palace D. Iohn de Pacheâ—o gouerns Prince Henry after midnight the King of Nauarre accompanying him The Prince D. Henry was gouerned by a yong gentleman called D. Iohn de Pacheco sonne to Alphonso Telies Giron Lord of Beaumont who was preferred to his seruice by the constable and was afterwards made Marquis of Villena and maister of the Order of Saint Iames. The King at the Estates of Vailledolit setled some order for Iustice which was but badly executed in Castile and some thing to pacefie the Princes and Noblemen that were mutined and to diuert their armes hee thought it now time to celebrate the marriage of D. Henry and the Infanta of Nauarre being three yeeres since they were made sure and either of them being fifteene yeeres old the bond of consanguinity which might hinder it was dissolued by Pope Eugenius the fourth The Infanta being sent for she entred into Castile An. 1440. in the yeere 1440. beeing accompanied by Queene Blanch her mother the Prince of Viana her brother and many noblemen prelats and knights of Nauarre Shee was receiued in the towne of Logrogno by D. Alphonso of Carthagena Bishop of Burgos D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and by D. Pedro of Velasco Earle of Haro From thence the Prince D. Charles returned into Nauarre with his Gouernor D. Iohn of Beaumont who in the Princes name gouerned the realme the Queene mother being absent The Princesse with all her traine being come to Vilhorado a house belonging to the Earle of Haro she was entertained with sumptuous feasts great sports and rare inuentions and much more at Birbiesca by the Earle himselfe D. Pedro of Acugna did the like at Duegnas whether the Prince D. Henry came to meet his spouse whereas he presented her with many rich iewels and shee him who hauing beene some foure and twenty howers with the Ladies he returned to Vailledolit whether they went There went forth to meet them the Kings and al the principall Noblemen of the court who made a stately entry into the towne and the Queene and Princesse went to the King of Nauarres lodging whose brother D. Henry came from Toledo to assist at the marriage the which was celebrated with a royall pompe Cardinal of Saint Peter D. Pedro of Ceruantes Bishop of Auila performing the ceremony But the vnfortunate hap of this Princesse was such as the Prince D. Henry proued vnable to consummate the marriage Marriage of the Prince of Castile and the Infâ—nta of Nauarre the which she did vertuously conceale for many yeeres To honor the marriage the noblemen ran at tilt with sharpe pointed lances but
interred for there is not any marke or menumont found in Spaine although she ordained that it should bee carried to Santa Maria of Vxue and that the priory of Ayuar should be anexed to that Church the which notwithstanding was not done The Authors of the History of Sicile write that shee died in that Island in the Monastery of Saint Nicholas des Arenes at the foote of Mount Etna and that she is buried at Catanea in Saint Francis Church By the death of this Prince the succession of the realme of Nauarre fell vnto her sonne Don Charles Prince of Viana who at that time was full twenty yeeres old bred vp by the Lords of Beaumont whereof Lewis was the chiefe who afterwards beeing made Constable of Nauarre by King Iohn was the first of that house that was aduanced to that dignity The Constable of Castile bearing his exile from Court with the losse of his authority Castile very impatiently wherein hee might haue maintained himselfe if hee could haue knowne himselfe beganne to make new practises to grow into fauour with the confederats submitting himselfe to Iohn de Pacheco that hee might bring him into fauour with Prince Henry his maister but the wound was to fresh so as nothing was done at that time The Estates beeing assembled that yeere 1442. 1442. at Toro they did graunt vnto Don Iohn King of Castile though with great difficulty to furnish him with foure score millions of Marauidis paiable at two termes that yeere and the next following There the confederate Lords beeing aduertised that D. Pedro de Acugnas sought all meanes to restore the Constable to fauour the Admirall sent to take him prisoner in his house at Duegnas A bould attempt of the Constables sauorers but soone after he was deliuered and then there was an enterprise descouered which made the Constable much more odious then hee had beene for some of his friends were so hardy as to make a mine in Toro the which did come vnto the Kings lodging and to the castle by the which hee would secretly draw in armed men and kill or take the King of Nauarre the Infant his brother and the confederate Lords whilest they were in councell The Estates beeing ended the King came to Vailledolit where as he gaue vnto Don Pedro of Estuniga Earle of Ledesma the City of Plaisance in recompence of Trugillo which he demaunded for that it had beene promised him by the King There beeing great contention growne betwixt the Earle of Castagneda and Don Iâ—igo Lopes of Mendoça about the limitation of their iurisdictions and vassals in the lands which they held in the Prouince of Alaua by reason whereof their armed men keeping the field did spoile and oppresse the poore people wherevpon many Commonalties did rise in armes against these two Lords making sharpe warre against them hauing obtained leaue from the King to doe it to the end they might suppresse those insolencies which were committed vnder collour of their quarrels which they might and ought for to haue ended by Iustice and not by armes This yeere died Don Iohn of Crezuela Archbishop of Toledo the Constables brother to the great hindrance of his affaires in whose place Don Guttiere Gomes of Toledo Archbishop of Senile was chosen by the meanes of the King of Nauarre to whom the house of Toledo was reconciled At that time there was a change of the Bishops of Spaine euery one aspiring to that which was richest and of greatest dignity the which is the greatest care of most of the pastors in these latter times The Archbishoprike was giuen to D. Garcia Osorio Bishop of Ouiedo Change of Bishâ—ps in Spaine Nephew to the Admirall the Bishoprike of Ouiedo to the Bishop of Orense that of Orense to Doctor Iohn of Torquemado of the Order of the preaching friars Cardinal of Saint Sixte a great Doctor in the Cannon law At that time in Biscay there were descouered some followers of their opinion Fratricelle heretikes 〈◊〉 whom they called Fratricelli men condemned by Pope Boniface the eight in the yeere 1290. and afterwards by Iohn the two and twentith for heretikes and followers of all impurity and abuses hauing had their beginning at Ferrara in Italy by one called Herman The King of Castile sent Francis of Soria a Franciscan friar and D. Iohn Alphonso Cherino Abbot of Alcala the royall one of the Kings councell to informe of their deeds doctrine and manners and it was found by the informations which they brought to Court that he which had reuiued and newly practised this Doctrine of Fratricelli was a Franciscan friar called Alphonso de Mella and that many men and women were infected with this error in the towne of Durango and there abouts wherefore the King ordained that they should be apprehended sending two Prouosts thether well accompanied who brought away a great number some to Vailledolit some to Calçada where they were burnt The friar Alphonso de Mellae the reuiuer of this sect escaped hearing that they informed and past into the Moores country with many yong strumpets which were taken from him and himselfe condemned and made a slaue where hee ended his miserable daies The King of Castile being sollicited by the Queene mother of Portugal Portugal to be a means that she might be restored to the authority in the which the deceased King her husband had left her by his will he sent Ambassadors to the young King D. Alphonso and to his vncle D. Pedro and to the Estates and councell of the realme to perswade and intreat them to leaue the gouernment of the King and realm to the widow Queene according to the last wil of the deceased king Edward whereof they did honestly excuse themselues especially the councell yeelding many reasons why they could not consent therevnto At that time hapened the death of D. Iohn of Portugal maister of Saint Iames second Constable of the realme being 43. yeeres old who was a great friend to Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile who was also administrator of the Maistership of Saint Iames in Castile This Infant was grandfather by the mothers side to the Queene D. Isabella the heire of Castile and Leon who was wife to King Fernand the fifth called the Catholike The same yeere Ambassadors came from D. Alphonso King of Arragon Arragon to the Court of Castile to condole with King Iohn for the troubles and seditions of his realme and giuing him councell in their maisters name as a Prince that was his allie and friend to loue the Princes of his bloud and to win them with fauors and good vsage admitting them into his councell of State and gouerning his realmes by their aduice and of the Noblemen of the greatest and most ancient families of Spaine The Ambassadors did also make him a relation of the happy successe the King their maister had in the warre of Naples Successe of thè warre of Naples where after diuers light
honors and riches who were issued from base and obscure families Thus King Henry at the age of one and thirty yeeres was proclaimed King at Valiodolite in the presence of D. Iohn of Pacheco Marques of Villena his most priuate and familliar friend and his brother D. Pedro Giron Maister of â—alatraua D. Ruy Diaz of Mendoza great Maister of the household to the late King D. Iohn D. Pedrod ' Aguilar Lord of Priego and of Cagnette the Marshal D. Diego Fernandes of Cordoua Lord of Baena and other Noblemen which were then at the Court. The beginning of his reigne was very plausible by reason that he did enlarge of his owne accord without being therevnto solicited by any one D. Garcia Alâ—ares of Toledo Earle of Alua and D. Diego Manriques Earle of Treuigno restoring them to all their former riches honours and dignities and hauing made a certaine speech to the Lords that were then about him they gaue him great and humble thankes reputing that demonstration of his clemency as an high fauour and so with al reuerence kissed his hands He displaced none of all those which were in any office or place of dignity during the life of his father but receiued them into his seruice in the selfe same quality that they were in before In regard whereof all men thought the Kingdome happy being fallne into the hands of so good so curteous and liberall a Prince and they did yeeld infinite thankes vnto God the only giuer of so desired and necessary a fauour for the Realmes of Castile and Leon. Diuers great Lords so soone as they heard of the death of King Iohn came in all hast to mourne with him for the same to do him reuerence and to take the oth of alleageance due to the new King The Ecclesiasticall persons were D. Alphonso Carillo d' Acugna Archbishop of Toledo D. Roderigo de Luna Archbishop of Saint Iames D. Alphonso Fonseca Archbishop of Seuil D. Alphonso de Carthagena Bishop of Burgos Frier Lopes de Barriento Bishop of Cuenca D. Alphonso de Madrigalls called Tostado the most renowned Bishop of Auila D. Pedro Baca Bishop of Leon D. Pedro of Castile Bishop of Palença D. Gonçall of Illesca Bishop of Cordoua D. Lewis d' Acugna Bishop of Segobia D. Inigo Manrique Bishop of Ouiedo with diuers other prelats The secular Lords were D. Fernand de Velasco Earle of Haro D. Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent D. Gaston de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi D. Diego Manrique Earle of Treuigno D. Iohn Manrique Earle of Castagneda D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes D. Gabriell Manrique Earle of Osorno D. Aluaro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance whose father was newly dead much about the time of the Constables decease D. Pedro Aluares Osorio Earle of Transtamara D. Pedro d' Acugna Earle of Valencia an other D. Pedro d' Acugna Lord of Duegnas and Tariego brother to the Archbishop D. Alphonso Carillo D. Iohn de Sylua Standard-bearer to the King and many others who with the deputies of townes and Prouinces there assembled sware to the Kings fealty and homage after the accustomed manner Now the King being desirous to suppresse al fore-passed quarrels and to settle a firme peace in his dominions The King of Nauarre and other Lords pacified recompenced repealed by the new king D. Henry did at his comming to the crowne send Ambassadors to the King of Nauarre who greatly complained because of the confiscation of all his goods in Castile wherevpon it was concluded that in recompence of all the wrongs that hee could pretend he should haue certaine yeerely pensions assigned him out of the ordinary reuenue of the Kingdome of Castile in regard of which assignation he should deliuer vp into the King of Castiles hands the townes of Atiença La Pegna de Alcaçar it was likewise agreed vpon that the Admirall D. Frederic D. Iohn of Touar Lord of Berlanga the children of the Earle of Castro lately dead and all the Knights and others which were fled out of the Kingdome by reason of the late warres should be repealed and restored to all their goods and lands These things were soone effected and the Admirall with the rest returned to Valiodolit to kisse the Kings hands who receiued them very graciously and yet for all that did put them in minde of the faith and obedience due to Kings to the end they might the better remember it afterward and so with his free pardon dismissed them And besides all this the better to confirme his peace on all sides with Christian Princes he sent Ambassadors into Italy to Alphonso King of Arragon to the end to renue the leagues and antient alliances betwixt the crownes of Castile and Arragon who were receiued and entertained with great honour a notable argument whereof was that as the Ambassadors of Castile and the Commissioners of Arragon stood vpon termes who should be first named in the instruments and writings the King D. Alphonso decreed that the precedency should be giuen to Castile Castile presâ—râ— before Arragon in regard that he himselfe reigning ouer the Arragonois was a Prince issued from the stocke of Castile an antient race of the Kings of Gothes so that in all the writings which did concerne the league and alliance the King of Castile was first named the which his Ambassadors at their returne certified to him and his councell to their exceeding ioy and contentment But notwithstanding these good beginnings if the reigne of the late King Iohn was turbulent and troublesome and if euer Spaine was Spaine was seene to be shaken with furious tempests The gentleness of a Prince not accompanied with iustice seuerity is both hurtful to him selfe and his Estaâ—e it was now most of all by the miserable gouernment of his sonne King Henry whose clemency and carelesse gentlenesse was the onely cause thereof making him to forget the other part of the duty of a Prince which is Iustice by meanes whereof he fell into the contempt of the great ones of his Court and namely of his most priuate minions so that both hee and his Kingdome fell into very dangerous streights At the beginning he and his affaires were gouerned by D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena a wise rich and discreet person and one well seene in the mannaging of state-affaires likewise by the Archbishop of Seuil D. Alphonso de Fonseca a prelate of an excellent wit but lesse graue then beseemed the place and ranke he held by whom for certaine yeeres space the Kingdome was well gouerned to the contentment of all men The first martiall enterprise attempted in the reigne of King Henry was against the Moores of Granado ouer whom reigned Ismael Moores and Castile the same who had taken the crowne from Mahumet the Lame for the execution whereof King Henry assembled the Estates of his kingdome in the city of Cuellar vnto whom hauing propounded what he ment to doe D. Iatgo Lopes de
of D. Henry the vnable king of Castile playes and shewes where the Arch-bishop of Seuill Don Alphonso de Fonsecs hauing feasted the King Queene and the Ladies among other singularities there was serued in after dinner for the banquet two plates filled with rings of gold set with rich and pretious stones for the Ladies amongst whom Donna Guiomar was held next the Queene to be the fayrest and most beautifull Ladie of Spaine without compare to her the king shewed many amorous fauours at this feast which the Queene perceiuing grew very iealous and euer after vsed the Ladie vnkindly and rigorously by reason whereof the King shewed himselfe strange to her and appoynted her a Court and trayne apart not suffering her to come neere his Court by two leagues Whereunto the Arch-bishop of Seuille who was well seene and experienced in such businesses did willingly employ his best endeauours in the behalâ—e of Guiomar for whatsoeuer the king did was but fayned and imaginarie shewes who was so farre from beeing offended and displeased with his friends in such affaires as hee was content to spare them his owne wife for the common rumor was that not beeing able to endure that men should esteeme him vnapt for venereall acts which he reputed a great and ignominious disgrace Basenesse of K. Henry the vnable hee dealt with the Queene his wife to receiue Don Bertrand de la Cueua into her bed his base and degenerate mind desiring and consenting that this Knight should lye with her to the end shee might prooue with child by him and so by that meanes suppose an heire to the kingdome in his owne name though vnlawfully begotten by another It was credibly reported that at the first the Queene would by no possible meanes bee drawne to agree and giue her consent to so vile detestable and dishonorable a deede but yet afterwards shee had more neede to haue beene curbed in with raines and bridle then of spurres Now don Bertrand de la Cuena was a gallant and most accomplished Knight in all points belonging to an excellent Courtier and so esteemed and beloued of the King as for his sake because he so valiantly and with such an vndaunted courage defended a passage at the arriuall of an Ambassadour of Brittayne hee builded a Monasterie on the high way from Madrid to Pard which for him was named the Monasterie of Pas. The King the better to couer his owne naturall weaknesse made shew of loue to diuers Gentlewomen in sundry places for before he made loue to Ladie Guiomâ—â— he had professed himselfe seruant to another Ladie named Catherina de Sandouall whom he had oftentimes entertained prâ—â—atly but she not contented with his vaine embraces and beeing desirous to furnish her selfe with a more able Knight shee grew familiarly acquainted with a young Gentleman named Alphonso de Cordoua whom she kept companie with a long time secretly which turned to his destruction for the King hauing notice thereof commanded Alphonso to be beheaded at Medina del campo In this sort did this King behaue himselfe in his most priuate affaires giuing occasion to all men to speake euill and vncharitably of him which beeing reported vnto him hee entred into distrust and hatred against the great persons of his Realme and oftentimes for sleight occasions he would rayse great troubles And not beeing pleased that Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana should hold the cittie of Guadalajara where hee did not onely commaund the towne and castle as Gouernour both in matters of State and warre but also had authoritie and preheminence to bestow publike Offices hee caused him to bee taken by the Commander Iohn Fernandes Galindo who entred into the towne with sixe hundred men at armes by meanes of intelligence that he had with one of the Marquis his Captaines called Alphonso de Gaona who was corrupted with money and the Marquis was compelled to leaue that Gouernement to the Kings dispose hauing giuen him no iust nor lawfull cause of offence or iniurie and so hee retired and with-drew himselfe to Hita Soone after the King and the Queene came thither and left Alphonso de Gaona Gouernour there Don Iohn the second of that name and the eighteenth King of Arragon WHilest these affaires continued in Castile the King Don Iohn of Nauarre took quiet possession of the kingdome of Arragon Nauaâ—re and Arragon fallen vnto him by the death of his brother vnto whome came Ambassadours from the Prince Don Charles his sonne to beseech him that all faults past might be forgotten and that it might please him to receiue him into grace and fauour the which request the father easily graunted for he was very kind and gentle to his children but especially to the Prince Don Charles who beeing daily sollicited by those of the faction of Beaumont who continued and maintayned the warres in certaine sorts and strong holds in Nauarre not beeing able without him to bring their businesse to effect hee desired to returne into Spayne either to helpe them to make their peace or to defend them by force of armes Hauing then had a pleasing answer from the King his father hee departed that yeare 1459. from Sicill beeing accompanied with a great number of Sicillian Lords and Gentlemen and landed at Barcelona where beeing welcommed and receiued with great pompe Agreement betweene the King D. Iohn of Arragon his sonne Don Charles magnificence and honour by the Barcelonois hee dealt so wisely that for his sake the King pardoned those of Beaumont and declared that his pleasure was that all former matters of what kind soeuer should be buried in perpetuall obliuion those of Cattelogna beeing sureties for the sonnes faith and obedience to his father and for the fathers loue and good-will to his sonne This reconciliation beeing made to the great ioy and contentment of the whole kingdom the King D. Iohn knowing himself to be a mightie Prince thought vpon fit and conuenient meanes how to recouer his lands which were confiscate in Castile for the effecting whereof hee entred into league and confederacie with Don Alphonso King of Portugall and agreed vppon a marriage betweene the Prince his sonne and the Ladie Catherine of Portugall New desseignes to troble Castil sister to King Alphonso and to Donna Ioane Queene of Castile into the which league entred Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishop of Toledo the Admirall Don Frederic father-in-law to King Iohn Don Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua and all the Manriques of Castile with others whereof when the king of Castile Don Henry had notice by the aduertisement of D. 〈◊〉 de Fonfeca Arch-bishop of Seuill he was aduised by his councell to send the bishop of Cité Rodrigo and Diego de Ribera Ambassadours into Arragon vnder pretence of congratulating in his name the welcome-home of Prince Charles and his reconcilement with the king his father but they had commission to deale vnder-hand secretly with Prince Charles to offer him all friendship
Admirall D. Frederic who openly and by all meanes did labour to extirpe the eldest sonne and lawfull heire of the Realmes of Nauarre Arragon and other Dominions annexed to the same crowne to the end to raise and aduance to those dignities his daughters children against all right and piety and he protested that the whole state of the principallity of Cattalogna would imploy their goods liues meanes and friends which he knew to be very great in that Prouince to defend Prince Charles from wrong and to deliuer him from so vniust a captiuity wherefore he besought him to consider thereof with a fatherly affection and at their requests to set him at liberty and to heare how he could iustifie himselfe and not to trust so much to his owne opinion in affaires of so great importance onely to please the Queene his wife and her father and to preuent by wise and good councell the great troubles and miseries which might thereby ensue The King of Nauarre and Arragon his answere to his subiects of Cattalogna To this rough discourse full of threats the King answered with great grauity and moderation concluding that hee knew how to doe Iustice and that hee was not determined to giue ouer his purpose in punishing his rebellious sonne who had so often abused his clemency for any passionate or importunate soliciting of his subiects The Ambassadors hauing written and sent backe this answere there followed forthwith a manifest reuolt of the Cattelans who hauing leauied a great company of men of warre and obtained by their Ambassadors sent to Segobia aide from King Henry of Castile of fifteene hundred horse vnder the conduct of the Commander Gonçalo de Sahauedra they aduanced their forces towards Lerida with intent to seaze vpon the kings person and to put to death all those of his priuy councell And for the more easie execution of their enterprise they had secret intelligence with diuerse courtiers the chiefe of whom were Francis de Espla Gerrard Ceruillon and Iohn Agullen but God preserued the King and his from so furious a conspiracy discouered at the instant when it should haue beene executed and yet so happily as the King had leasure to get away thorough the gate of the preaching friers notwithstanding that D. Pedro d'Vrrea Arch-bishop of Tarragon one of the Ambassadors of Cattalogna had councelled him not to leaue the towne of Lerida but there to make head against his enemies whose aduise was approued by all the other Lord there assembled The King was no sooner gon but the conspirators entred the pallace with intent to haue committed their purposed massacre but to their great discontent they found it empty The King retired himselfe to Fraga whether the Ambassadors determined to haue followed him and to try once againe if they could induce him to forgiue his sonne hoping that the tast and new beginning of the troubles which he had seene would make him more mild but they alâ—ering their purpose returned home into Cattalogna The rebels forces marched towards Fraga where the King was who from thence went to Saragossa and left them the spoile of that place In the meane time those of Barcelona tooke their Gouernor D. Lewis de Requesens prisoner those of Valencia Arragon Sicil and Majorca assisting them and ioyning with them for the Princes deliuery But aboue the rest the faction of Beaumont in Nauarre shewed themselues violent in the pursure of their enemies of Grammont which held the Kings party causing such ruines and calamities in the Kingdome as can hardly be expressed the mindes of the multitude of each side being so inflamed against their contrary faction as they knew not vpon what termes nor for what occasion they had taken arms for if one should haue demaunded of those of Beaumont or Grammont wherefore they were so animated one against the other they could make no other answere but that they did it because their neighbours friends and kinâ—-folkes did the same The ruines and desolations increasing on euery side King Iohn seeling himselfe touched in conscience as if such troubles had falne vpon him by the iudgement of God who would haue him to taste and see in his owne Kingdomes that which he the yeeres before had caused the Realme of Castile to endure he did therefore harken to the admonitions which were newly made to him by diuerse wise men namely by a Charterhouse Monke of the Monastery of Scala Dei in Cattalogna held at that time for a Prophet whose name is supprest or forgotten by the Authors and through their perswation he did resolue to set the Prince at liberty and to giue him to the Cattelans who did so earnestly desire it He was then taken from the Aljaferia of Saragossa by his mother in law Queene Ioane Don Charles Prince of Vianâ— deliuered out of prison but poysoned by his stepmother who by the commandement of the King went with him into Cattalogna and in the City of Villa-franca deliuered him vnto them The common and constant report was that from the time the Prince came forth of prison hee neuer had one daies health but his life did daily consume and decay and diuerse did impute the cause thereof to Queene Ioane who as they say poysoned him to the end to aduance and raise her sonne D. Fernand Duke of Momblancke to the succession of the Kingdome of Arragon and dependances of the same a certaine stranger physitian being actor of so impious a deed and the sicknesse wherewith the Queene was soone after afflicted being an vlcerous canker ouer her whole body was attributed to the iust iudgement of God Queene Ioanâ— punished by the hand of God who did punish her for committing so execrabld an act others reiect this accusation as false and counterfeited by those of the faction of Beaumont who notwithstanding the Princes deliuery continued in armes against those of Grammont namely in the towne of Lombier which by Charles â—Artieda in the name of Prince Charles was taken against whom this King sent his sonne D. Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa Hermosa with a great number of souldiers who beseeged the towne and soone after the King came thither in person with those of Sanquessa and other townes of the faction of Grammont Charles of Artieda perceiuing himselfe to be ouerlaied with numbers demaunded aide of the Castillans who forthwith marched thither to meet the troupes of the Commander Gonçalo de Sahaueâ—ra and those of Rodrigo de Marchena who raised the seege The King D. Iohn hauing put garrisons into Pampelona Lerin and other places belonging to them which he distrusted came to the Estates at Catalajub leauing the gouernment of Nauarre to his children D. Iohn and Alphonso of Arragon fearing and foreseeing the warre against Castile During these stirres in Nauarre and Arragon the country of Andeluzia was assailed by Mulei Albohacen Moores or as some others termed him Hali Muley Hacen eldest sonne to Ismael King of Granado contrary to the peace
declared Princesse and inheritrix of his Realmes in the assembly of the generall states assembled at Madrid for the same purpose the Infants D. Alphonso and Donna Isabella his sister being the first that did sweare in this solemnity there grew a dontention at this parliament about the precedencie of the citties who should first sweare but the Kings pleasure was that Segobia should sweare first before any of the rest without preiudice to their rights and preuiledges The Court remained certaine months at Madrid and Segobia the King taking great delight to hunt in those wooddy countries from thence he went to Alfaro to treat of the affaires of Nauarre and Arragon and hee left the Queene at Segobia three monthes gonne with child Fire kindled in Queene Ioanes haire by the Sunne beames but she miscarried soone after the Kings departure being flighted with a strange fire kindled in her haire by a beame of the Sunne as she sate in her chamber which burnt part of her lockes a rare thing but yet proceeding from certaine ointments apt to kindle wherewith she vsed to die and collour her haire a thing ordinary amongst amorous Ladies whose only care and study is to correct and amend the naturall forme of their bodies with artificiall receits to make them seeme the more louely this abortiue child was a sonne King Henry being at Alfaro Nauarre and Arragon the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admirall D. Frederic began to mediate a peace betweene the two Kings of Castile and Arragon and for that purpose King Iohn came to Tudela vnto whom the Marquis of Vallena was sent the King of Castill hauing first taken D. Iohn of Arragon as ostage for him At Tudela diuerse meanes were propounded for the conclusion of the peace which taking no effect it was thought fit that the Marquis should goe with King Iohn and the Queene his wife to Saragossa to consult more amply of those affaires The Marquis made summe stay there but King Iohn had occasion to goe in all hast into Cattalogna in the meane time the Queene did entertaine him very sumptuously and among other fauours she caused him to eate at her owne table which as then was serued onely with Ladies and gentlewomen without any men at all At the Kings returne to Sargossa the peace was concluded vpon the deliuery of ostages and certaine places for assurance on each side to weet La Gardo Peace betweene Castile and Arragon Saint Vincent Arcos and Larraga by the King of Arragon and on the part of Castil Lorca in the Kingdome of Murcia and Comago in the territory of Soria The Nauarrois were discontented that King Iohn should giue any places of the Realme of Nauarre in pawne rather then those of the Kingdome of Arragon but of necessity it behoued them to bee content therewith The Cattelans also were reconciled to the King and they did acknowledge by oth the Infant D. Fernand being then nine yeeres old for heire and lawful successor to the crowne of Arragon who from thenceforth was intituled Prince of Girona This peace betweene King Iohn and his subiects lasted not long Sedition in Cattalogna whether it were because they were certified of the Princes vntimely death whom their did so deerely loue and which they desired to reuenge or for any other occasion but it fell so out that in the country of Rossillon Ampurdam and other places of Cattalogna there arose great tumults and mutinies the Earle of Pallars being chiefe of that rebellion there was a rumor spred abroad that Prince Charles his ghost did nightly complaine in the streets of Barcelona crauing vengeance on Queene Ioane his step-mother who by poison had parted his soule from his body The Queene to resist those disorders came to Girona where she was forthwith beseeged by the Earle of Pallars Queene Ioane beseeged in Girona and constrained with the Prince D. Fernand her sonne to fortifie her selfe with great daunger of their liues in the tower of the Cathedral Church of the same city At the same time the Barcelonois did driue al the Kings officers forth of their city and as many as did loue and affect him resoluing neuer more to obey him but to become subiects to the King of Castile The Inhabitants of Girona did greatly fauour the beseeged Queene who vnder the conduct of Du Puy master of the order of Montesa made great resistance but the Earle of Pallars entred the city by force and did furiously assaile and batter the strong tower desirous to take the Queene and the Prince her sonne but they one her side vsed such dilligence as the Earle was beaten out of the towne with great losse of his people The King being much troubled with the reuolt of the Cattalans and other places also of his Kingdomes sent into France to intreate of King Lewis aide of men and money Iohn of Arragon pawneth Rossillon to Lewis the eleuenth vnto whom he engaged for the summe of three hundred thousand crownes of gold for the paiment of his souldiars the Earledome of Rossillon and Cerdagne He obtained of him two thousand fiue hundred horse amongst whom were seuen hundred Launces furnished of which forces Gaston Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn sonne in law to King Iohn was Generall In this warre which was long and troublesome diuers Knights of the faction of Grammont did good seruice to the King the chiefe of whom were Don Peter de Peralta Constable of Nauarre Sanches of Londogno sonne to the Marshall of Nauarre Fernand of Angulo Stephen of Garro Roderigo of Puelles the Viscount Bertrand of Armendaris Iohn Henriques of Laâ—arra and Gyles de Aualos Iames Diaz of Armendaris Lord of Cadreita Pedro of Ansa Iohn of Aquerri and Sancho of Erbiti surnamed the obstinate who did beare for his motto or deuise So or no glorying in that he was contentious by reason whereof this Knight had in his time many quarrels to maintaine The comming of the French caused the Earle of Pallars to raise his seege from before Girona So the Queene beeing freed ioyned with the army of the Earle of Foix and pursued the Rebelles causing diuerse of them to craue pardon The King hauing leauied men at armes sent them vnder the commaund of his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon to ioyne likewise with the Earle of Foix his forces hee himselfe following after staied a while in the City of Bellaguer to appease the tumultuary Inhabitants into the which towne he entred in armes and there receiued newes of the yeelding vp of Tarraga whether he forthwith went but soone after he was constrained to dislodge from thence being aduertized that Don Iohn de Agullon with certaine Regiments came thitherward to surprise him and so he returned to Bellaguer Those of Barcelona D. Iohn declared enemy by the Barcelonois and despoiled of his right in that principallity mooued with extreame hatred against their King did by publike proclamation declare him enemy of their country saying
practises the King said that he pardoned him with all his heart and prayed God to pardon him likewise and he enquired further of him who those were which sought his life and which did set him a worke he entreated the King to send away them that stood by and then in great secrecy he told their names which could neuer after be knowne for the King neuer told it to any man liuing the next day after Iohn Carillo died of his hurts The King being at Simancas his great and mighty army stretched it selfe euen to the gates of Valiadolit where the confederats did remaine neuerthelesse the affaires were drawne out at length without any matter of note Thither came the Queene Donna Ioane with the Infant Donna Isabella who were returned from Portugall where they had obtained nothing at all for the good of Castile for notwithstanding that they had endeauored for to renew the treatie of marriage mentioned at the enterview of the-Kings at the Archbishops bridge neuerthelesse the King Don Alphonso did abhorre to marry his sonne to Donna Ioane whoe was begotten in adultery of the Queene of Castile his cosin by the Duke of Albuquerque Don Bertrand dela Cueua These things standing at a stay the King and the Marquis of Villena did see one an other and by the aduice of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana and of Don Aluaro of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile called and chosen on both parts it was concluded that euery man should lay by his armes and returne to his owne house and that during the truce which should continue for the space of some fiue monthes following they should treate of a peace and of the meanes how to giue content to all men but chiefely to cause the Prince Don Alphonso to renounce his royalty This was proclaimed through the campe neere to Montejo in the territory of Areualo signed and sealed by the King the Archbishop of Toledo The King knowes not how to profit himselfe by his great forces and the Marquis of Villena and vnderneath by the secretrary Garcia de Arcareso de Montdragon The King had small reason to yeeld to these things hauing an army of a hundred thousand fighting men whereas his enemies were very weake in respect of him and vnprouided of money victuals munition and other things necessary for such an enterprise but God would haue it so The King being come backe to Simancas dismissed his souldiars with liberall payment then at Medina del Campo whether hee came soone after he recompenced the Lords after this manner He gaue to D. Peco Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra the thirds of Guadalajara with the reuenue thereof to his brother D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana he gaue the towne of Saint Andrew Recompences made by the King to the Lords that followed him ioyning to the lands of his Marquisat with a yeerely pention of seuen hundred thousand Marauedis to the other brother D. Inigo de Mendoça and to Don Lorenzo de Suares Vicont of Torreja and to D. Iohu Hurâ—ado de Mendoça pensions according to their degrees to D. Lewis de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi the City of Agreda with the territory to D. Garci Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua Carpia with sundry places nere to Salamanca to D. Aluar Peres Osorio Lord of Villalobos and Earle of Transtamara the City of Astorga with the title of Marquis to D. Iohn de Acugna Earle of Valencia the Earldome of Prauia and Gijon with the title of Duke of Valencia to D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan a yeerely pention of 300000. Marauedis assigned him on the hill of Mountagu to D. Aluaro de Mendoça captaine of his men at armes the City of Requegna with the reuenue and proffit of the port and hauen thereof Other guifts and recompences did the King make to his Knights the which or at least the most part of them haue euer since remained in their families The end of the twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE ONE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 COntinuance of the troubles in Castile 2 The vnworthy marriage of the Infanta Donna Isabella Agreed vpon by her brother King Henry and hindred by the sodaine and vnlooked for death of Don Pedro Giron 3 Societies of Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice 4 Assembly at Madrid tumult in the same towne Behauiour of those of Mendoça The Marquis of Villena promoted to the Maistership of Saint Iames. Battaile of Olmedo 5 The Pope vseth all dilligence to procure the peace of Castile Censures the rebells appeale to a future Counsell The taking of Segobia The King D. Henry forsaken 6 Agreement betwixt the King and the confederate Lords Euil behauiour of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile 7 Strife for the Bishoprike of Siguença Murthers at Burgos 8 Seditions in Toledo magnanimity and equity of the Infant Don Alphonso chosen King 9 D. Alphonso de Primentel Earle of Benauent enterpriseth against his father in law Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena 10 Practises of those of Toledo against the Infant Don Alphonso in the behalfe of King Henry Rashnesse of the Bishop of Badajos and of Donna Maria de Silua and of that which happened 11 Death of the Infant D. Alphonso wisedome of the Infanta Donna Isabella Peace betwixt the King and the confederate Lords 12 Infamous life of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile the Lords of Mendoça practice against the peace the Infanta Donna Isabella declared Princesse of the Asturis and presumptiue heire of Castile 13 Continuance of the warres of Barcelona Renee of Aniou chosen King of Arragon by the Barcelonois Exploits of the French in Cattalonia death of the Duke of Calabria 14 Gaston Earle of Foix desirous to reigne before his time stirreth vp troubles in the Kingdome of Nauarre 15 Queene Ioane of Arragon dies and confesseth her fault 16 Gaston of Foix the younger dies at Liborna Beginning and continuance of the house of Foix. 17 Couenants betwixt King Iohn of Arragon and his daughter the Countesse of Foix heire of Nauarre 18 Assembly at Ocagna New deseignes of King Henry of Castile 19 The King of Castiles iourney into Andaluzia 20 Marriage betwixt the Infanta Donna Isabella and the Prince D. Fernand heire of Arragon Sicill Naples c. Articles and couenants of the same 21 A rash act of D. Alphonso de Aguilar against the Lords of Cabra The taking of Simancas with other outrages 22 Spanish superstitions 23 Practices pursutes and quarrels betwixt the Lords of Castile Alua erected into a Dutchy 24 Muley Alboacen King of Granado whose posterity remaineth in Spaine till this day 25 Treaty of Marriage betwixt King Henry of Castiles supposed daughter and the Duke of Guyenne brother to the French King Lewis the eleuenth Lands of Infantasgo giuen to the house of Mendoça 26 Donna Isabella Princesse of Castile disinherited King
by vertue of a grant which he obtained from Rome who was the last Maister of that order sauing one a brother of his called Don Alphonso Tellez Giron succeeded in the Lordship and Earledome of Vruena both of them remayning vnder the gouernment and protection of their vncle D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena These things happened in the yeer 1466. An. 1466. A Prodigie at which time there were seene in Castile such huge numbers of Storks as they did darken and hinder the light of the Sunne the which did greatly asright the people who did interpret it for a signe of misery and mishap to the kingdome In these times liued D. Roderigo Sanches of Areualo who was very familliar with Pope Paul the second and by him made captaine of the castle of Saint Angelo where he wrote an History of Spaine which at this day is common with euery man and is called the Palentine History because a Bishop of Palença was author thereof and it was dedicated to this King Henry The city of Victoria for that it had during all the troubles remained faithfull to the King did obtaine this yeere a free market once euery weeke vpon the Thursday whose priuiledge was despatched by the Secretary Pedro Arias it is one of the most frequented markets in the whole country After the Maister of Calatraua's death the troubles were a little calmed by reason that no man was resolued what to doe the Earle of Benauent acknowledging the offence which hee had committed against the King did secretly withdraw himselfe from the league and returned to his seruice the King to recompence him gaue him the towne of Portillo which hee had taken a little before his reconcilliation About the same time the Prince Don Alphonso who was termed King accompanied with the Archbishop of Toledo and many other Knights came to Portillo where being receiued hee was lodged in the castle and the others in the towne on the morrow as the Archbishop and the other Lords came to waite vpon the Prince at his rising they found the gates shut against them and they were willed to get them thence for that Don Alphonso did no longer regard their company whereat the Archbishop was greatly troubled and from that time did conceiue an extreame hatred against the Earle who had put that trick vpon him the better thereby to infinuate himselfe into the Kings fauour yet for all that the Marquis of Villena who was very wise and subtill and did desire for to maintaine the league vnited vsed diuerse meanes to reconcile them and to applie a plaister to that wound which in some sort did heale outwardly The Earle in recompence of the good seruice which hee had done to the King demaunded of him the Maistership of Saint Iames at that time vacant the which was granted to him but perswading himselfe to make vse of the Marquis of Villena's fauour who was his father in law whom he made beleeue that he was still of his side he inwardly found the contrary The continuall robberies and outrages committed ouer all Spaine by these Lords and their followers not onely suffred in the country but euen in townes and houses by reason the warres did constraine the Inhabitants of the townes and citties to make societies and fellowships to oppose themselues against these tyrants and robbers and the better to bring it to passe they drew certaine chiefe points and Articles and chose places to meet at at daies appointed the King backing and assisting them therein notwithstanding that sundry of his followers as well as of the league did goe about to hinder so proffitable an enterprise Hermandades or brotherhoods in Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice whereby the Realme was defended from many euills it being Gods pleasure that the King should persist in his determination to maintaine his communalties and to doe Iustice which beganne to be sincerely administred The conclusions of these societies was made in the City of Tordesillas where the Deputies of all the Prouinces were assembled where that of Guipuscoa most of all shaken and troubled by the factions of the Gamboins and Ognazins did receiue the greatest benifit They did establish captaines and gouernors ouer each of them these are the Hermandades or brotherhoods as they call them who in some sort may be likened to the Prouincial prouost Marshalls in sundry places of France but that they execute their duties with greater care During the assembly at Tordesillas the King remained at Coca a towne belonging to the Archbishop of Siuill conferring with the confederates vnder the Bishops safe-conduct but there was nothing of worth concluded on so as the King returned to Segobia and the league to Areualo An other assembly Assembly at Madrid at the request of diuers was assigned at Madrid the same towne being for sixe monthes giuen to the Archbishop of Siuill to the end that euery man might come thither in safety and without suspition The King Henry the Marquis of Villena and the chiefe Lords of either faction did meet the Prince D. Alphonso remained in the meane time at Ocagna whether the Archbishop of Toledo who was reconciled to him had brought him This other conference was as frutelesse as the former The Lady Leonora Pimentell Countesse of Playsancia came to Madrid beeing called thither by both sides to mediate the peace this Lady was held to be greatly affected to King Henries seruice The Lords beeing busied about these affaires King Henry oppresseth his trusty seruants and dares not touch the rebels the Marquis beeing desirous to entertaine the troubles and to extract discord from discord went about to corrupt Pedro Arias de Auila the Kings good seruant finding him firme and constant he handled the matter so as the Archbishop of Siuill by slanderous and falce reports did excite the credulous King in such sort a-against him as he committed him to prison beeing sore hurt and caused him to bee shut vp in the base court of the castle of Madrid And not contented therewith the King went expresly to Segobia thinking there to surprise the Bishop of the same City called Don Iohn de Arias brother to Don Pedro but the Bishop hauing notice of what was done to his brother retired himselfe thence wherefore the King seeing that he was escaped dissembled his intent neuerthelesse all honest people were greatly offended to see the King without discretion to oppresse his faithfull seruants and not dare to lay hand vpon rebels The Deputies of the townes and the captaines of the communalties made meanes for Don Pedro's deliuerance which the King granted all men beeing pleased therewith except the confederates who neuer left practizing with the King till they drew him to condiscend to goe along with them to Playsance there to conferre with more ease and better commodity which beeing allowed of by diuers of his councell hee would needs depart thence with the Queene his wife the
to the Lords of the League to admonish them to desist from their wicked practises and to submit themselues to the Kings obedience the confederates answered that they would send some man of authoritie to the king and soon after they did write to the Arch-bishop of Seuil intreating him to come to Auila to treate vpon the meanes of agreement The citty of Burgos yeelds to the king who with the Kings good liking went vnto them In the meane season the citty of Burgos by the meanes of Pedro of Velasco returned to the Kings obedience It was concluded in Areualo that the Confederates should intreat the king that the Infanta Izabella might be sworne vnto and acknowledged Princesse and heire of his kingdomes all other oathes made to the contrarie notwithstanding Which beeing done euery of them would willingly obey him these things beeing related at Madrid by the Arch-bishop of Siuill the King called a Councell thereupon where the opinions were diuers some affecting Donna Ioane whom the King still called his daughter but the Lord Steward Andrew de Cabrera could so well ioyne reason to his opinion as it was resolued to graunt what the Confederates requested then did they set downe these Articles That the Infanta Donna Izabella should bee declared Princesse of the Asturia's Aâ—ticles of 〈◊〉 agreed vpon and sworne vnto as eldest heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon That pardon should bee graunted to the Master of Saint Iames and to the other Lords his Confederates for whatsoeuer they had committed against his royall Maiestie and free and safe accesse should be giuen them to come to Court with restitution of all that had been taken from them That the King within foure moneths after should send backe his wife Queen Ioan and Donna Ioane his daughter into Portugall and to be diuorced from her by the Popes authoritie and that the citties of Auila Vbeda with the townes of Medina del campo Olmedo and Escalona and the Lord-ship of Molina should be giuen to the Princesse Donna Izabella who might not marrie with any one without the consent of King Henry her brother The Lords of Mendoza not callâ—d to the councelâ— of pâ—ace whereunto she did sweare Into this councell were not admitted the Marquis of Santillana nor his brother the Bishoppe of Siguença who were come to court to kisse the Kings hand vppon the newes of the death of the Infant Don Alphonso for they fauoured and much respected Donna Ioane who was resident in the Castle of Buytrago vnder the keeping of the Marquis therefore they returned male-content to Guadalajara The Queene remayning in the Castle of Alaejos vnder the power of the Arch bishop of Seuille as hath beene sayd before became enamoured on a young man Queene Ioanes dishmest life who had charge to keepe her and as some say hee was the Bishoppes nephew called Pedro by whome in time shee had two children namely Don Fernand and Don Apostol who were brought vp in the Cittie of Tolâ—â—o in the Monasterie of Saint Dominick the royal by the Abbesse of the house who was Aunt to their father Don Pedro and it is reported that the King hauing notice thereof caused Don Pedro to be taken to the end to punish him as he had deserued but that the Queene shed so many teares as shee saued his life and begged him of the king who in those matters was the most carelesse person liuing Now these Lords of the house of Mendoza beeing departed discontented from the Court thinking themselues to be disgraced and on the other side fauouring Donna Ioane it happened that the Queene hauing secret intelligence with certaine of her guard within and without with Don Lewis Hurtado of Mendoza sonne to Ruy Diaz escaped from the Castle of Alaejos causing hir selfe to bee let downe in a basket from the Castle walles but the rope beeing too short and those which let her downe thinking that shee had beene neere to the ground did let her fall a good height so as shee hurt her face and one of her feete indangering also her life neuerthelesse Don Lewis who was at the foote of the wall tooke her vp and layed her in a litter standing there readie for the same purpose and so brought her away the next day to the Castle of Buytrago where her daughter remayned who was called all ouer Spayne La Bertraneja because shee was reputed and supposed to bee the daughter of Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque The Arch-bishoppe of Seuille thought himselfe highly wronged by the violent and fraudulent deliuerie of the Queene therefore hee hastily perswaded and procured the agreement to the Articles aboue-mentioned and there was a place appoynted and determined Donna Izabeâ—a â—eclared Princesse and heire of Castille where the parties should meete betweene Zebreros and Cadahalso at a place called La venta du Tor de Guisando neere to a Monasterie of Saint Hierome the Arch-bishoppe beeing much displeased and discontented with the Queene These met at Cadahalso vppon the day appoynted and set downe the King the Arch-bishop of Seuille the Earles of Playsance Benauent and Miranda together with others of the Councell on the one side and the Infanta Donna Izabella with the Confederates mette at Zebreros the chiefe of whome were Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishoppe of Toledo Don Lewis of Acugna Bishoppe of Burgos Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria and the Master of Saint Iames Don Iohn de Pacheco euery one of these on the nineteenth day of September the same yeare one thousand foure hundred sixtie eight in the presence of the Popes Legate Antonio de Veneris who afterward was Cardinall with great solemnitie in the place aboue-mentioned tooke the oath of allegeance and obedience to the King and then they did sweare to and declare the Infanta Donna Izabella Princesse of the Asturia's and eldest lawfull heire to the kingdomes of Castile and Leon with all the dependances reuenues and lands annexed and ioyned thereunto the Legate Apostolicke dispensing and absoluing all contrarie oathes which had beene made in that nature before and confirming the present Great numbers and multitudes of people came running ioyfully and with wonderfull applause from all parts of the Country to this sollemmâ—tie hoping that peace and quietnesse should be established and planted in Spayne and that all factions and oppositions of outragious and ciuill warres ceassing Iustice should euery where flourish That beeing done and finished the king with the Princesse his sister and the reconciled Lords came to Cadahalso the Arch bishoppe of Toledo excepted whose mind beeing not at quiet returned to Zebreto with the Bishoppes of Burgos and Coria The King passing on left his sister the Princesse and the whole Court at Casa Rubias and went with the Master of Saint Iames to Pard and to Rascafria beeing come thither hee caused Pedro Arrias of Auila together with the bishoppe his brother to leaue the cittie of Segouia which greatly mooued and discontented them the
gouernement whereof was giuen and made ouer to his Steward Andrew de Cabrera one newly come into Castile and borne at Barcelona sonne to Iohn Fernandes and Grand child to Andrew de Cabrera Neuerthelesse for that time hee commaunded no where but in the towne for the fort remayned in the power of the Master of Saint Iames and because the plague was very hotte within the Cittie of Segouia the King nor the Master would not come into the towne but retired and went backe to Casa Rubias whither came Don Lewis of Mendoza with a procuration from Queene Ioane as Protectresse of her daughter in whose name hee protested that the oath made to the Princesse Izabella was of no force nor efficacie and appealed to the Pope from the dispensations made by the Legate but small account was made thereof Now did the Master of Saint Iames consider with himselfe that the discontentment of the Marquis of Santillana and the other Lords of the house of Mendoza with Pedro de l'clasco might produce and bring foorth some bad effects Hee who seemed to bee borne to commaund tooke in hand to appease and qualifie them and did inuite them to meere at Villarejo belonging to the Order of Saint Iames there to consult and determine about the affaires of State with the Kings Commissioners Thither came Don Pero Gâ—â—çales of Mendoza New treaties of marriages â—se a foot by the Master of S. Iames. Bishoppe of Siguença and Don Pedro Velasco on the one side and the Arch-bishoppe of Seuille the Master of Saint Iames and the Earle of Plaisance on the other They did conclude that the Princesse Izabella should marrie with Alphonso King of Portugall who was a widdower and Donna Ioane with his eldest sonne called Don Iohn heire to the Kingdome and her cousin-germaine with condition that if the Princesse Izabella by this marriage should haue no children that then the issue of Donna Ioane should succeed in the Kingdome of Castile for the conclusion and confirmation of which marriages there should be an enterview of the King and Queene of Castile and the King of Portugall This agreement did not please the Ladies for the Princesse Izabella had no desire to marrie with a widower and the Queen feared that vnder color of this meeting she shold be cast off and sent home to Portugall according to the treatie at la Venta du Tor de Guisando wherefore both of them resisted this determination with all their power by reason wherof the Lords of Mendoza and Velasco were very angry with the Queene and her daughter The Master of S. Iames sollicited K. Henry to send Ambassadors into Portugal to request the king to meet thinking by his coming to win the Princesse to condiscend thereunto And not long after the bishop of Siguença and Don Pedro de Velasco beeing with the king perswaded him notwithstanding the Queenes obstinacy vnder-hand to fauour D. Ioane not acquainting the Arch-bishop of Scuill nor the Princesse Izabella therewith These businesses beeing managed with such inconstancie there arriued daily messengers at Court who complayned for that the King had caused this new oath to be made to his sister which most men thought to be a beginning of greater troubles than before and also because that diuers other great Lords of the Kingdome were not called to determine vppon a matter of so great consequence And indeed all those which were discontented therewith did ioyne themselues in league with the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo who thought himselfe to bee ill dealt with for that he had not the Princesse Izabellain his keeping as in time before In the meane time disorders were still committed in diuers Prouinces especially in Andalusia where this yeare Don Iohn de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and Earle of Niebla dyed in whose goods lands and dignityes Don Henry de Guzman his bastard-sonne succeeded It hapned at the same time neere to Toledo that as an husband-man of the countrie called Pero Moro did reape a corne-field at the very first stroake which hee gaue with his sickle great quantitie of bloud issued foorth of the stalkes the which his sons perceyuing who were at worke in the same field came running vnto him thinking that he had hurt himselfe but seeing he had no harme they returned to their labour and cut downe the corne in the same place where their father wrought and at euery stroake they fetched great store of bloud issued which they signified to the Lord of the place who caused it to be recorded for a strange prodigie Whilest the affaires of Castile stood vppon these tearmes King Iohn of Arragon being ridde of his enemie Don Pedro of Portugall Arragon and Nauarre did labour by all meanes after the taking of Tortosa to reduce the Barcelonois to their duties but they like obstinat enemies to their Prince would not hearken thereunto Great were the alterations which they had among themselues after the death of this Portugois Some were of opinion to bring their state into the forme of a Common-wealth like Genoa Venice and other places of Italy and others councelled to returne to the obedience of King Iohn Each of these opinions being reiected they elected for their King Reneé of Aniou Duke of Lorraine and Earle of Prouence Renee Aniou made king of Arragon a Prince of the royall bloud of France who beeing alreadie old and decrepite yet neuerthelesse desirous of the title of King did accept the offer and hauing with the consent of King Lewis the eleuenth leauied souldiers in France sent his sonne Iohn Duke of Calabria or Lorrayne into Spaine who at Manreça ioyned with the Cattelans and hauing drawne diuers of the County of Rossillon to his deuotion he went and beseeged Girona where Peter of Rocabertin was Gouernour who foorthwith aduertised King Iohn thereof who by reason of his indisposition and blindnes could not come thither in person to ayde them but sent his son Prince Fernand accompanied with diuers Lords and Knights vnto whom aboue all other things hee recommended the Princes person beeing on his way from Tortosa towards Girona Queene Ioane his mother who loued him dearely followed him the next day after vpon the newes of the Princes comming the Duke of Calabria raysed his seege and retired himselfe to Denjat from whence he went to Barcelona and then returned with succors in great secrecie and no lesse danger The Prince D. Fernand desirous to looke vppon the enemie being come neere to the place and prouoking the French-men to battell they being fortifyed with a great number of men at armes which K. Lewis had sent them vnder the conduct of the Earle of Armignac The Arragonois defeated by the French came forth into the fields and fought and vanquished the Arragonois the Prince Don Fernand narrowly escaping from beeing taken who had good meanes offered to saue himselfe thorough the indeauours of Rodrigo of Rebolledo who was taken in his stead and brought to Barcelona and afterwards redeemed for tenne
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâ—eef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
constrayned them to returne into their owne territories Now King Iohns comming with his army beeing knowne in Nauarre encouraged those of Grammont and did greatly amaze the Beaumonto is who knew very well that they should not be able to resist such great forces wherefore taking counsell about the affaires with the Earle of Foix they aduised him to make an agreement with the King his father-in-law who had already resolued after his death to leaue the kingdome to his daughter Donna Leonora and to permit him to enjoy it awhile who by reason of his extreame age could not hold out long therefore he should be content to haue patience and to suffer the King to enioy the title of King of Nauarre the small time he had to liue The Earle was easily drawne thereto for he saw no hope of victorie if hee should haue persisted in his rash enterprise by armes then they began to capitulate setting downe articles Queen Ioane her last confession which shall be hereafter mentioned Before the finall conclusion whereof King Iohn beeing alreadie returned to Tarragona to view his forces and to take order for the warre of Barcelona his wife Queene Ioane being a long time tormented with a canker which consumed her drew neere her end It is reported that when shee kuew shee must needs dye fetching diuers sighs and grones remembring her son Prince Fernand shee sayd Death of the younger Gaston de Foix at Libâ—rna O my son thou hast cost me deare and it is constantly affirmed that â—he did confesse to haue procured and hastened the death of Prince Charles wherwith the king was so highly offended with her as he would neuer afterward looke vpon her yet neuerthelesse her ambition gaue her this content to see before her death her son Prince Fernand made king of Sicill her body according to her will was buried in the Monasterie of Pobleta about this time in the yeare 1469. hapned the lamentable death of Gaston of Foix the younger An. 1469. eldest son to the Earle Gaston and to the Princesse Leonora who should haue succeeded them in the kingdome of Nauarre There was a great assembly of Princes Knights at Liborne nere to Bourdeaux who there met to honor accompany Charles of France brother to Lewis the 11. newly reconciled to him and promoted to the Dutchy of Guyenne after the ciuill war this young Knight Gaston running at tilt which was performed in most costly and sumptuous maner was run with the splinter of a lance into the bravres wherof he dyed to the great griefe of as many as knew him but especially of duke Charles whose sister he had married whose name was Magdalen she being likewise sister to Lewis by whom he had two children to wit Francis Phaebus who was king of Nauar and Earle of Foix and Catherine his sister who succeeded her brother dying without heires Happily it shall not be amisse to set downe here the succession of the house of Foix which hath inherited the kingdome of Nauar fetching it as far as Histories make mention thereof to the which as we haue sayd the Segneury of Bearn was vnited about the yeare 1286. Wee finde that the countrey of Foix was erected into an Earledome about the yeare 1462. by Raymond Originall and continuance of the house of Foix. Earle of Tholousa who inuested therewith Bernard youngest sonne to Roger Earle of Carcassone and to Adela his wife of this Bernard and of Beatrice daughter to the Earle of Beziers was borne Roger who was second Earle of Foix who begat an other Roger his successor in the Countie of Foix second of that name father to Roger the third whom he had by Eximena his second wife hauing first of all married a Lady of Prouence called Estinetta Of Roger the third and of Cicelie daughter to Earle Raymond of Barcelona was borne Raymond Roger who married a Lady called Phillip by whom hee had a sonne called Roger Bernard who succeeded him in the Earledome of Foix and a daughter called Esclrmonde married to the King of Majorca This Raymond Roger caused his lawfull wife to suffer many indignities at the request of a Concubine who was of the religion of the Albigeois Roger Bernard was then Earle of Foix after his father the sixt in number about the yeare 1223. and was surnamed the great Hee married Brunixenda daughter to the Earle of Castelbon by whom hee had Roger called Rotfer Earle of Foix after him Esclermond wife to the Vicount of Cardona and Cicely wife to the Earle of Vrgell Roger Rotfer seanenth Earle of Foix and fift of the name married Brunixenda daughter to the Vicount on whom he begat Roger Bernard the sixt of that name and eight Earle of Foix of him and of Manigarda of Narbona were borne an other Roger Bernard who succeeded in the Earledome Agnes who was wife to Esquibat Earle of Bigorre and Phillip married to Arnold of Spaine Vicount of Conserans Roger Bernard seauenth of the name and ninth Earle of Foix came to the Earledome after the decease of his father about the yeer 1262. who married Marguerit daughter to Gaston de Moncada Lord of Bearne and of Martha de Foix by whose meanes he came to vnite the Lordship of Bearne to the Earledome of Foix by the consent of the estates of Bearne to the preiudice of the Earle of Armagnac who had married the elder daughter of Marguerite whom Gaston disinherited in disdaine that her husband the Earle of Armignac did not helpe him in certaine warres that hee made as well as his other sonne in lawe the Earle of Foix. Now Roger Bernard had by his wife Marguerite of Bearne foure children to weet Gaston the elder who was Earle of Foix after his father the tenth in number and the first of that house who enioyed the Lordship of Bearne Brunixenda wife to Helie of Perigort Constance married to Anthonie de Leui Lord of Mirepoix and Ioane who married Peter sonne to King Iames of Arragon Gaston then the first of that name Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearne married Ioane daughter to Lewis of France Earle of Eureux and of Marguerite of Artois from whom issued Gaston heire to the Earledome Roger Bernard Vicount of Castelbon father of Mathew and of Isabell of Castelbon who succeeded one after an other in the Earledome of Foix and Robert Bishop of Vaur He had also a bastard sonne named the Wolfe Lord of Arauath who begat Blanche wife to Iohn de Gaulti or Grailhij Capdau de Buch. Gaston the second the eleuenth Earle of Foix and second Lord of Bearne of this family had by his wife Elenor daughter to the Earle of Comming Gaston Phoebus who succeeded his father in the yeare 1344. the fourth of that name and hauing married Agnes daughter to King Philip of Nauarre had by her one onely sonne whose murtherer hee was hauing found about him a box of poison which his Vncle King Charles of Nauarre had giuen him to
sworne to by the King and the Princes and that for the peace of the Kingdome all crimes and offences how heinous soeuer should be generally pardoned that had beene committed til the Kings present comming into the country re-establishing by full power and royall authority euery man in his honor goods and reputation reuoking and adnulling all sentences and proceedings made to the contrary That all places townes and castles which had beene taken from one an other all offices as wel Ecclesiasticall as secular vsurped since the taking of the castle of Morillo should bee restored to the first lawfull possessors thereof within the terme of seuen monthes excepting the moueables and frutes which were spent reiecting al guifts grants and ingagements made by the King Princes or any other Neuerthelesse herein was not to be comprehended the differences betwixt the Earle of Lerin and Lord Iohn of Beaumont and Charles de Artieda against D. Pedro of Peralta Constable of Nauarre and the Marshall of Nauarre who were enioyned to submit themselues to the Kings obedience within twelue daies after the publication hereof to the end to determine those strifes by way of Iustice vpon paine doing the contrary to be held as contumelious rebels and for such to be pursued and punished as disturbers of the publike quiet That all those who had beene wrongfully imprisoned since the surceance made by the Archbishop of Saragossa the Kings sonne in his name and the Princes should bee released and set at liberty paying their charges That the truce granted by them or their captaines should bee kept as well to strangers as the naturall subiects both in their persons and goods That whatsoeuer had beene taken and retaken to the preiudice of the same truce should be restored and deliuered without other ransome then paying their expences that the promises and obligations made in writing or by word of mouth betwixt the naturall subiects by reason of such prises made since the surcease should be of no effect and the Ecclesiasticall ordinaries should bee admonished to absolue them from their othes made in that behalfe enioyning euery one to set the prisoners at liberty within fifteene daies and not to ganesay this present treaty vpon forefeiture of two thousand royalls of gold to the Kings coffers As concerning the castle of Leguin belonging to the Prior of Rounceual which had beene taken before with great store of goods belonging as well to the prior as the Monastery they who had taken the same goods were enioyned to restore them or the value thereof seeing the Prior had alway beene a faithfull seruant to the King and the Princes That the King and the Princes should sollemnely sweare to cause all the heads and Articles aboue mentioned to bee effectually obserued and kept in euery point These things agreed vpon were published in the castle or pallace of Olita vpon Thursday the thirtith day of May in the yeere 1471. and were receiued by the secretary Iohn of Saint Iordi the Bishop of Oleron taking the oth with promise made by the Princesse Donna Leonora to cause the Earle her husband to confirme these Articles an authenticall coppy whereof sealed with the Earles seale she would send to the King her father At which were present the Bishop of Oleroni Pedro Lord of Ros the Earles Ambassador Frier Bernard Hugh de Rocabertin captaine of the Castle of Amposta Roderigo de Robolledo Gomes Suares of Figueroa and Iohn Payes the Kings Vicechancellor After that the Princesse hauing ample procuration from her husband dated at the Bathes of Caudes Aigues in the valley of Dosan sworne in his name to the Bishop of Oleron to obserue the aboue named couenants in the presence of the captaine of the castle of Amposta Iohn Payes the Vicechancellor and D. Fernand of Baquedan vickar generall of the Church of Pampelona All these capitulations were not of force to cease the troubles of Nauarre which continued along time after As concerning the affaires of Castile King Henry after resolution taken about the marriages of the Princesse his sister Castile and of Donna Ioane in Portugall beeing desirous to set downe some good some of gouernment in his Kingdome called a Parliament at the city of Ocagna where the deputies of the townes and communalties did meete except those of Andaluzia the great Lords of which Prouince were not well pleased with the dealings of the Maister of Saint Iames whereat the King was much mooued but most of al wheÌ„ he vnderstood of the marriag which was intended against his wiâ— betwixt the Princesse his sister and the new King of Sicil Fernand of Arragon which made him now more then before desirous to aduance Donna Ioane whom hee stâ—ll aduoâ—ved for his daughter notwithstanding he hated the Queene her mother by reason of her bad life which he himselfe had taught her wherefore with his owne hand hee wrote a letter to the Pope intreating him not confirme the succession of the Kingdome of Castile sworne to the Princesse Isabella but to grant it to Donna Ioane Hee wrote also to his agent at Rome Doctor Roderigo de Vergara borne in Logrogna and likewise to King Alphonso of Portugal to the end that he should make the like request to the Pope this was not done so secretly but that the Archbishop of Siuill had notice thereof who had it not beene for feare of the Maister of Saint Iames who delt in this businesse would willingly haue dashed that matter The King leauing Ocagna came to madrid where hee found Iohn Fernandes Galindo captaine and gouernor of the fort of Madrid and keeper of his treasures sicke to death at whose entreaty hee gaue the charge of the fort and of that which was in it to Andrew of Cabrera his Steward whom hee did dayly aduance and made partaker of his greatest secrets The city of Leon about that time had like to haue beene surprised by Diego Fernand de Quignones Earle of Luna but the practize being discouerd Aluar Garcia Citizen of the same towne with whom the Earle had intelligence was taken and beheaded as a traitor At the intreaty of the Maister of Saint Iames the King returned to Ocagna where hee gaue the title of Marquis of Villena to Diego Lopes Pacheco his eldest sonne Diego Lopes de Pacheco sonne to the Maister of Saint Iames made Marquis of Villena a braue knight who soone after Married the Countesse of Saint Stephen de Gormas daughter to Don Iohn de Luna Earle of Saint Stephen and grand-child to the Constable Aluar de Luna who was in the keeping of the Maister of Saint Iames who was at the same time confirmed in his Maistership by the Pope and possessed more riches then any Lord of Spaine The King of Portugall sollicited by King Henry about the marriage of the Princesse Donna Isabella sent his Ambassadors the Archbishop of Lisbone and two other Lords who were at the Court more then twenty daies without concluding any thing by reason that the
him seeing that when it was in her power to take vpon her the regall dignitie which was offered her by the decease of Prince Don Alphonso shee had refused it and exhorted the confederate Lords to serue and honour him as their King complayning besides of many other greeuous wrongs offered as well vnto her selfe as to the widow Queene Isabell her mother yet liuing The letter being read before the councell the messenger receiued this answer that the King would be shortly at Segobia where all matters should be debated on with reason and equity and in deed the Court remooued thither presentlie after where the Ambassadors of the Princes Fernand and Donna Isabella did arriue who were Don Pedro de Baca and Diego de Ribera who had brought vp the Infant Don Alphonso deceassed and on the Archbishop of Toledos part Lewis of Antecana who besought the King to approoue the marriage and to excuse the Princes for that they had not acquainted all the great Lords of the Kingdome therewith who by reason that they were deuided into diuerse factions could not choose thereby but nourish greater occasions of discord As for themselues they wished nothing more then to be obedient vnto him and for such to be reputed desiring to imploy themselues for the maintenance of the peace of the Kingdome and administration of Iustice which in a maner was chased away in steed whereof al manner of outrages extortions and confusions did reigne Lastly they entreated him to appoint some place where the Princes might come and visit him to the end to certifie him in person of their sincere affection and desire to doe him seruice Besides these demaunds Matrimoniall Articles betwixt Fernand of Arragon and Isabel of Castile they declared vnto the King the Articles and Couenants wherevpon this marriage was contracted which were these 1 First of all Prince Fernand King of Sicill did promise to be a deuout and obedient sonne to the Sea of Rome and to honour and well intreat the Ecclesiasticall Persons and Ministers of the same 2 That hee should honour and acknowledge King Henry for his King if it pleased him to accept thereof and should imploy his person and meanes to cause all his subiects to doe the like 3 That he should likewise honor the widdow Queene Isabella mother to the Princesse 4 That he should cause Iustice to be established and should assist the King therein obseruing the lawes and good customes of the Kingdome 5 That he should endeauor with his vttermost power to maintaine the peace betwixt the King Himselfe and the Princesse 6 That hee should not depart out of the Kingdome of Castile nor carry away the Princesse nor the children that God should send them especially the Prince his heire without expresse deliberation and consent of the councell 7 That in the letters and royall charters the Prince and the Princesse should bee named both together as well in those which concerned Castile and Leon as those in the Kingdomes and Lands which the Prince now possesseth or may enioy hereafter 8 That the naturall borne of the Kingdome should be admitted into the councel and offices of either of them with consent of the Princesse 9 That the Princesse should receiue the othes of homage and fidelity and should haue power to place officers captaines and guards in the cities castles and fortresses of the Kingdome as well by her presently possessed as in others which might hereafter fall vnto her placing therein persons borne in the Kingdome of Castile and appurtenances thereof and none others 10 That all guifts and pentions granted by the Princesse should bee approued and confirmed by Prince Fernand. 11 That he should not procure the hurt of any one of the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon for the occasion of the warres quarrels and outrages past betwixt Castile and Arragon 12 That he should not enterprise nor make warre league nor confederacy with any neighbour King Lord or Knight of this Kingdome without the consent of the Princesse and her councell 13 That for the increase of the Princesse dowry he should giue to her Borja and Magallon in the Kingdome of Arragon and in that of Valencia Elche and Euillen and in Sicill Siracuça and Catanea according as those places had beene assigned and giuen from time to time to the Queenes of Arragon 14. Besides that the Princesse should euery yeere during her life receiue the rents reuenues of one towne in the said Kingdoms which she should best like of prouided that it were not a capitall or chiefe towne of the Kingdome or principallity the gouernors and officers whereof should neuerthelesse be natiues of the same country 15 And if the Prince should happen to die first the Princesse should neuerthelesse during her life enioy those places after whose decease they should returne to the crowne and to the heires thereof 16 And if it should be found that greater dowries profits lands authority preeminence had bin giuen to Queene Ioane of Arragon the Princes mother or to Queene Mary wife to King Alphonso daughter to King Henry the Princesse grand-father that the Prince should supply that defect within two monthes after 17 That within the terme of foure monthes he should giue to the Princesse in ready money a hundred thousand florins of the coyne of Arragon for hir expences and to bestow as she pleased 18 That if any warre or strife should arise in the Kingdome the Prince did oblige himselfe to serue in person with foure thousand Launces til the war were ended and if he should not furnish so many launces that he should then pay with his owne money such forces as should serue vnder him King Henry hauing heard the Ambassadors answered that the businesse being of great consequence it was requisite to aduise thereon with mature deliberation and that after he had consulted with the great Lords of his Court and councell hee would then answere their message and so sent them backe In the meane space a notable Insolency was committed in Andaluzia which caused great stirres for albeit that through the Kings meanes and authority it seemed that the Bishop of Siguença had made an agreement and pacified Alphonso de Aguilar with the Earle of Cabra and his children neuerthelesse their hatred slept not in their hearts so as Alphonso vpon a time hauing inuited to a banquet in the towne-house of Cordoua called Casa del Cabildo A rashact of Alphâ—nso de Aguilar against the children of the Earl of Cabra D. Diego the Marshall of Cordoua eldest sonne to the Earle who held the place of Alguazil Major of the same city hee kept him there prisoner and sent him away with great indignity with a sure guard to his sort of Cagnete he tooke also his brother Sancho and kept him prisoner likewise hauing the Magistrates of the city at his deuotion whereof complaints being made to the King he did write in great cholleâ— to Alphonso commanding him without delay to release the
information made bannished for euer out of Guipuscoa and Biscay the two ring-leaders of these factions who vpon paine of death and confiscation of their goods should neuer more set foote in those countries and besides he caused diuerse theeues and murtherers to bee executed Wee haue declared heretofore how that the confederate Lords desiring to draw the Earle of Alua to their league had giuen him in hostage for the performance of the capitulations made betwixt them the townes of Montalban and the Archbishops bridge which place the Marquis of Villena Maister of Saint Iames who was now rid of his feuer and ruled the King more then before desiring to draw from him he vsed such means with the Earle as he was contented to deliuer those townes vnto him the Archbishop of Siuill being a third man and arbitrator betwixt them They promised the Earle that the King should giue him the title of Duke of Alua and Earle of Barco and besides in regard he was possessed of the city of Coria pawned to him by his sonne in law deceassed they would be a means to haue it confirmed to him with the title of Marquis thereof vpon this condition that he should deliuer vp Montalban the Archbishops bridge which the Earle agreeing to the Maister of Saint Iames sent him the Kings letters-pattents for the confirmation of his titles and so they two remained friends Wherefore D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo was euer after called Duke of Alua Earle of Barca and Marquis of Coria The ordinary inuasions and spoiles made by the Moores vpon the frontiers of Andaluzia in these confusions by reason that there was small or no resistance at all in that part of the Kingdome mooued the Archbishop of Toledo and the great Lords of Spaine earnestly to sollicite the King to call an assembly of the chiefe men of the Kingdome where there should assist the Maister of Saint Iames the Dukes of Areualo Alua and Albuquerque the Admirall and the Marquis of Santillana the Earles of Benauent and Treuigno the Popes Nuntio the Archbishops of Toledo and Siuill and the Bishops of Siguença Burgos and Coria who should aduise of some fit expedient to remedy so many inconueniences and make Iustice to florish againe in the realmes of Castile The same request was afterwards made by the Princes D. Fernand and Donna Isabella and by the Deputies of the cities and communalties vniuersities orders of religious men and the Colledges of Churchmen to call the assembly in some city or town vnder the sufegard of foure great Lords there for to make some good conclusion with a common consent and if the commissioners should not agree that the decision of the whole matter might bee put to the iudgement of foure wise religious persons chosen on t of the Orders of the Chartreux Saint Francis Saint Dominike and Saint Ierome vnto these demaunds made with so great instance by the States of Castile the King made none other answere but that hee would thinke vpon it and prouide for it accordingly by the aduice of his councell Muley Albohacen the nineteenth King of Granado IN the meane space the Moores of whom wee haue spoken did wast and spoyle the countrey of Andalusia Moores They were commaunded at that time by Muley Albohacen king of Granado or as some others call him Haly Muley Hacen or Hali Aben Açan for Muley among the Moorish Princes namely of Marocco Sus Fez Vilez Tremessen Tunis and Escuray is a common title and surname signifying Prince King or Lord. This man was surnamed the Great and succeeded his father king Ismael who died in Almeria the yeare 1465. after he had raigned twelue yeares he was a valiant souldier and yet neuerthelesse for certaine yeares he was at peace with the Christian Princes hee had two wiues which were married to him the one a Moore by whome among other children hee had a sonne called Mahumet Boabdelin or Boabdile who raigned after his father and was called king Chiquito which is to say little his second wiues name was Zoroyra who hauing beene a Christian did at her husbands instigation returne to the Arabian Sect of Mahumet by her he had two sonnes the one called Cad and the other Nacre who after the taking of Granado and the finall conquest of that Kingdome were baptized and tooke new names to wit the mother Izabella and the children Fernand and Iohn of whose royall race there is yet at this day succession in Castile The Constable Michaell Lucas de Irançu who kept a garrison at Iaen had regard to the dangers that might happen to the kingdome of Castile on that side of Andalusia in Eccia Don Martin of Cordoua with others in other places who were assisted but with weake forces by Don Pedro of Cordoua Earle of Cabra and Martin Alphonso of Cordoua his sonne-in-law◠but within the kingdome of Granado the Moore King had to enemie a knight named Alquizot Captaine and Gouernour of Malaga who had intelligence with King Henry of Castile then raigning vnder whose protection hee had put himselfe as hath beene heretofore declared and was held by him as one of his vassals by reason whereof Muley Albohacen who desired and sought by all meanes to driue this Moore out of Malaga beeing mooued against King Henry and taking aduantage by reason of the troubles and confusions in Castile hee entred oftentimes with a great armie into Andalusia which he led further into the countrie then any of his predecessors Kings of Granado had done by reason of the weak resistance which he there found from whence followed death and captiuitie of people with burning and desolation to the Countrie The petitions and complaints which were daily made to king Henry were full fraught with the contents of these miseries Castile but hee did not tast them as hee ought but partly thorough negligence and hatred which hee did beare to businesses and partly with ouer much intending his owne passions he did deferre the remedies beeing at that time busied with a desire to marrie his supposed daughter to the Duke of Guienne and to the same effect he treated with the French Ambassadours which were arriued at Medina del campo to wit the Bishop and Cardinall of Albi aboue-mentioned and the Lord of Torsi from the French King and from the Duke of Guienne the Earle of Bologne and the Lord of Malicorne who hauing declared their Commission to the King and vsed some sharpe and bitter speeches against the Princesse Izabella he seemed to like very well of the marriage and appoynted the Arch-bishop of Seuile the Bishop of Siguença and the Master of S. Iames to agree about the matrimoniall conditions who whilest they were in this sort busied there happened a great riot at Guadalupa occasioned by Donna Eluira Ladie of Belalcaçar who hauing vnderstood that Don Alphonso Ponce of Leon Bastard-brother to Don Rodrigo Ponce of Leon Earle of Arcos did accompany and bring backe two young Ladies daughters to the Countesse
exhibited the authoritie which hee had from the Duke of Guienne the Cardinall tooke Donna Ioane and the Earle by the hands and betrothed them with all the vsuall ceremonies and sollemnities and then the drummes and trumpets sounded and all sorts of signes of ioy and gladnesse were made by the assistants This done the Ambassadours returned to Segobia where by the way they were so beaten with a violent tempest of wind raine and hayle as they were in danger of their liues and diuers of their traine perished which was an euident token that the miseries of Spayne were not yet at an end From Segobia the King caused the Bishop of Siguença to accompany them to Burgos The Duke of Guienne his death breakes this marriage from whence they returned highly contented to France but the Duke of Guienne his death who liued in continuall discord with his brother king Lewis hindred the accomplishment of this marriage The Arch-bishop of Toledo was then at home in his house New troubles by the Arch-bishop of Toledos meanes contriuing of new trobles and held the party contrarie to the Master of S. Iames who did wholly possesse the King to the great indignation of the great Lords who vppon that occasion left the Court and retired themselues home to their houses the kingdome beeing opprest with miseries plagues famines murthers and falshood in all things especially in mony to the great hurt of the people who wanted the administration of iustice Basco de Contreras one of the Kings captaines had taken the fortresse of Perales from this Arch-bishop the which caused new troubles for the Arch-bishop beeing desirous to recouer it assembled forces and came and beseeged it the King on the other side sent him commandement to withdraw his souldiers threatning if he refused to fall vppon him and his and was already come to Madrid with troupes of horse and foote The Arch-bishop perceyuing himselfe inferiour in strength obeyed the Kings commandement and brought backe his people to Alcala The Princes Don Fernand and D. Izabella remayned at Duegas beeing counselled and fauoured in all things by the Arch-bishop of Toledo and his faithful companion Don Iohn of Arias Bishop of Segobia Proceedings against the Archb of Toledo by reason whereof the King complayned to the Pope by his Ambassadour resident at Rome of both these Prelates accusing them of committing many things to the preiudice and contempt of his royall Crowne The Pope vnderstanding so much sent to the Bishop of Segobia commanding him within the terme of ninety dayes to make his personall appearance at Rome And hee appoynted that the Lords of the Kings Councell should cause the Arch-bishop to be summoned and exhorted by foure Channons according to the forme of law to returne to the obedience due vnto the king which if he should refuse to do they should then thunder out his processe and send it to Rome that the Pope might see it to the end to proceede against him and chastise him as a rebellious Prelate The Popes Briefe beeing declared in the Chapter-house of Toledo there came to the Court at Madrid Fernand Peres of Ayala bastard-brother to Pero Lopes of Ayala who had beene Earle of Fuençalida Diego del Gadillo Marco Dias and Don Francisco of Palencia Prior of Arrochio Chanons of the same church who hauing shewed to the King how highly their Prelates disobedience did displease not onely them but the whole Chapter they offered themselues to performe whatsoeuer the Kings Councell should thinke fit to bee done for his seruice and for reducing the Arch-bishop to his duty to his royall Maiestie Now because the King and his trayne were at that time in the Diocesse of Toledo and fearing the Archbishops censures and interdictions they defended themselues with an appeale putting themselues vnder the protection of the Sea Apostolicke and then a Knight and a Doctor was sent to giue the Arch-bishop notice of the Briefe and to commaund him to returne to the Kings seruice and to abandon the Princes whom the King desired to chase out of the Realme The Arch-bishop excused himselfe and answered that heretofore by the Kings commaundement he had sworne to the Princesse Donna Izabella as to the eldest heire of the Crowne therefore he could not acknowledge any other but her and he besought the king to deale no farther in that businesse because such was his determinate will and purpose The King vnderstanding this answer commanded to proceed against the Arch-bishop with all rigour but the Master of Saint Iames who managed the affaires with more cunning was of a contrarie opinion he aduised the King to send the Licentiate Diego Henriques vnto him to offer him if he would adhere to the Kings partie and forsake the Princesse three thousand tennants and two forts for his two sons Troilo Carillo of Acugna and Lope Vasques of Acugna The Arch-bishop reiected these temptations and would by no meanes forsake the Princesse seruice This notwithstanding the Master caused all proceedings against her to cease and the foure Channons were sent backe to Toledo discontented enough three of them were taken by the way and brought to Torrejon de Velasco by Pero Arias of Auila who by the Arch-bishops commandement lay in ambush to surprise them Fernand Peres of Ayala onely saued himselfe in Canales The King beeing very much displeased herewith sent diuers horse-men to field who tooke diuers friends and seruants of the Arch-bishops and among others Don Diego of Gueuara a Channon of Toledo in exchange of whome the three Chanons were deliuered And so the matter passed on betwixt the King and the Arch-bishop for that time In the meane time the Master of Saint Iames intending his owne profite and beeing assured of his credit and power had taken the cittie of Alcaraz which imported him very much beeing neere to his Marquisat of Villena and was easily confirmed in the possession and reuenue of the same by the King Disorders in the gouernement of Castile which discontented diuers for by his example the Earle of Benauent seized vpon Villalua and deposing Pero Nugno from his office of Merin major of the cittie of Valliodolit he gaue it to his brother Don Pedro Pimentell It was then an ordinarie tricke in Spayn for those that were able to seize vpon any place to do it without caring for robberies murthers and other hainous crimes which they by such attempts affoorded matter and occasion too beeing assured that if they had any little fauour in Court to possesse their booties without controule It happened euen so to the Earle of Arcos Don Rodrigo Ponce of Leon who hauing taken during the furies of the League the cittie of Cales he obtayned the same in full proprietie with title of Marquis therof by the meanes and furtherance of the Master of Saint Iames his father-in-law If two Lords were at strife without any respect of the Royall Maiestie they would strike vp the drumme and raise forces to ruine one another
but to trie other meanes to draw them to his will The King perswaded thereunto An. 1470. Genealogie of Castile dissolued his armie These things passed in the yeare 1470. at which time the Princesse Donna Izabella was deliuered of hir first child in the Cittie of Duegnas the first day of October to wit of a daughter called Elizabeth or Izabella like the mother Then the Moores of Granado Moores proude because of their fore-passed prosperities forraged the Countrie belonging to the Master-shippe of Alcantara against whome was sent the new Marquis of Cales Don Rodrigo Ponce of Leon Earle of Arcos who repressed these runnagates and tooke from them the Cittie of Cardela the which soone after was taken againe by the Moores neuerthelesse hee carried away with him great spoyles and many Moores prisoners In the meane space the Duke of Alua came to the Court at Medina del Campo who was kindly receyued and welcommed by the King Now the marriage of Donna Ioane beeing dashed by reason of the Duke of Guiens death Castile who departed this life at Bourdeaux the King by the aduise of the Master of Saint Iames sent Ambassadours to King Don Alphonso of Portugall to treate with him about a marriage betwixt him and her This King had no desire thereunto because of the common report which was that shee was borne in adulterie betwixt Don Bertrand de la Cueuâ— and the Queene of Castile and therefore he had wholy reiected it at such time as she should haue beene married to the Prince Don Iohn his sonne Genealogie of Portugal whome hee married about that time to Donna Leonora daughter to the Infant Don Fernand Duke of Viseo and of Donna Beatrix daughter to the Infant Don Iohn who had beene in former time Master of Saint Iames and the second Constable of Portugall of the which Don Fernand and Beatrix were borne Don Domingo who was Duke of Viseo after his father and Don Manuell who raigned in Portugall after this Don Iohn his brother in law Donna Beatrice had builded the Monastery of Nunnes called the conception of Veja where shee with her husband Don Ferdinand lye buried Now King Alphonso at such time as this Ambassage was making ready was busied with good successe about the Affrican expedition for hauing in person transported beyond the sea a very mighty armie being followed by the Prince Don Iohn his sonne and by many great Lords and experimented Captaines of his kingdome amongst whom the most renowmed were Don Iohn Coutin Earle of Marialua Don Aluaro de Castro Earle of Montesanto Arzilla and Tanger in Affrick taken by the King of Portugall and his sonne Don Iohn de Castro Don Henry de Meneses Earle of Valencia Ruy de Merlo Captaine of his guardes who afterward was Earle of Oliuença and Don Alphonso Vasconcello who was Earle of Penela hee tooke by force Arzilla and did so terrifie them of Tanger as they forsooke the Cittie and left it empty to the enemy so as King Don Alphonso hauing amply enlarged his Empire beyond the sea the Kings of Portugall haue since intituled themselues Kings on this side and beyond the Sea The Earles of Montesanto and Marialua dyed at the taking of Arzilla The gouernment of Tanger was giuen to Ruy de Merlo with a good garrison and the King and the Armie beeing returned to Lisbone Don Alphonso Basconcello was made Earle of Penela Mariage of the Prince D Ioan of Portugall with Donna Leonora of Vâ—sco and then was the marriage of the Prince celebrated beeing seuenteene yeares of age with Donna Leonora his cousin germaine with dispensation made since by Pope Sixtus the fourth who succeeded Paul the second in the Sea of Rome The Ambassadors of Castile agreed vpon an enterview of the the two Kings betwixt the townes of Badajos and Yelues but they departed one from an other discontented without any conclusion of the marriage the principall impediment was the small trust which the King of Portugall reposed in the Maister of Saint Iames whose inconstancie hee merueilously suspected together with the disordered life of the Queene who was detested of all men This marriage afterwards was thought vppon to bee renewed as shall bee heere-after declared The King of Castile wanted no troubles and discontents in this iourney by meanes of the insolency Castille wherein the Lords Prelates and Knights his subiects were nourished the one taking euill example from the other First of all the Bishop of Siguença refused to accompany the King and notwithstanding any entreaty he would not stirre forth of Guadalajara whether hee had with-drawne himselfe beeing highly displeased that hee had beene disappointed of a Cardinals Hatte wherevnto by the kings fauour hee had earnestly aspyred the Maister of Saint Iames hauing supplanted him who procured and obteined it for Don Lewis d' Aâ—ugna Bishop of Burgos his nephew the Bishop of Siguença beeing neuer satisfied with speaking euill of Donna Ioane and the Queene her mother The king with his traine beeing come to Badajos Insolency of the Maister of Saint Iames. hee was constrained to lodge in the suburbes and villages thereabouts for the Earle of Feria shutte the gates against him saying that hee was certaine that hee would vpon his entry giue the same towne to the Maister of Saint Iames to whom hee durst deny nothing for hee went about not long before to snatch the towne of Sepulued by force as it were from the king which was neere to the Earledome of Saint Steuens the which notwithstanding the request admonishment and resistance of the inhabitants who could not endure to bee alienated from the Crowne the king was constrained to grant vnto him by reason of his importunity but the townesmen not resolued to obey the Maister gaue themselues ouer to the Princesse who with Prince Ferdinand her husband came thither and remained for a certaine time in those quarters and in the territories of the Archbishop of Toledo who was alwayes their faithfull seruant At Siuill the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales were at great strife and ioyned battaile â—he one against the other by meanes whereof the Marquis was driuen forth of the citty and withdrew himselfe to Xeres where being fauoured by the knights of Saint Iames and those of Calatraua and the Duke by those of the Citty they made cruell warres one vpon another the Maister of Saint Iames vpholding the Marquis his sonne in law In an incounter made betwixt Seuile and Alcala of Guadiaira two bastard sonnes of the Duke of Medina were slayne and other disorders followed thereuppon for the redressing whereof the King sent Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla to Seuile who by his diligence and good counsell caused them to lay downe their armes and made those two Lords friends and the Duke had his towne of Medina Sidonia and the fortresse of the same restored vnto him At Toledo Pero Lopes of Ayala newly made Earle of Fuensalida was
that hee would request King Lewis not to vrge him at so vnseasonable a time after his long and chargeable warres made against his subiects to repay the said summe which as then was impossible for him to doe muchlesse to sell the Earledome vnto him and wholy to alienate that which did belong to the crowne of Arragon And as for the suerties which he demaunded hee did not thinke it a reasonable request nor yet beseeming him who had God be thanked wherewith to pay his debts in time with this answere the Ambassadors were not satisfied as also by reason that those of Perpignan impatient of the French yoake beganne manifestly to rebell against them wherefore King Lewis sent forces into the county of Rossillon to chastice those of Perpignan who had constrained the Frenchmen dwelling amongst them to retire themselues into the castle from whence they shot into the towne with the Canon doing great harme therevnto King Iohn came thither in hast to appease this stire and endeauored by all meanes to perswade the people to obey the French promising them shortly to deliuer them from that trouble but they answered him boldly that they had rather suffer death then returne to the subiection of such Lords During these disputations King Iohn was on a sodaine beseeged in the towne by the French army which the Spanish Authors number to bee forty thousand who hauing enuironed it on euery side beganne to batter it without and within to assaile it from the castle so as it behooued the beseeged to be couragious and valiantly to defend themselues the Kings presence seruing them greatly to that purpose The seege continued foure monthes in the end at the report of Prince Fernands comming who vpon the newes of the French mens arriuall had leauied souldiars both in Castile Arragon and Cattalonia they raised their seege and retired themselues into France King Iohn and the towne beeing deliuered from this danger all men went out to meete the Prince and the father and the sonne embraced one an other with great ioy who came togither into Perpignan The King did againe entreat the Inhabitants to obey the French for a short time till he could otherwise dispose of his affaires assuring them that he would pay the French King his money and take them againe to himselfe They being obstinate refused it and requested him to giue King Lewis other pledges or else to suffer them to depart thence for they would willingly giue ouer their houses goods yea and their owne liues rather then to submit themselues to the vilde vsage of the French King Iohn seeing them so resolued left D. Lewis de Requesens for the Gouernor and with the Prince his sonne returned to Barcelona Before the Princes departure out of Castile there arose a great quarrel betwixt the Marquis of Santillana Castile Quarrel betwixt the houses of Mendosa and Pimentel and the Earle of Benauent because that the Earle possessing the towne of Carrion by the Kings permission the which hee had held during the former troubles had vildely and iniuriously intreated certaine Gentlemen which dwelt in the same towne who were neere in bloud and parentage to the Marquis who hauing notice thereof sent vnto him and desired him in regard that those Gentlemen did belong vnto him that hee would for reuerence due to the boanes of his ancestors spare and respect them the Earle made him a proude answere and said that hee would cause his ancesters bones to be taken vp and send them vnto him in baskets to the end he might bestow them safer with himselfe at Guadalajara amongst the rest of his progenitors The Marquis being iustly mooued hereat conspired with the Earle of Treuigno and others his friends and kinsfolkes to take that place from the Earle who had builded a new fort there the Earle of Treuigno hauing intelligence with the wronged Gentlemen his lands lying neere to Carrion he entred the towne with souldiars The Marquis of Santillana suâ—â—riseth the towne of Cariâ—â— and beseeged the fort and soone after the Marquis arriued with troupes of horse and foote as well of his owne tenants as those of the Constable Pedro de Velasco the duke of Albuquerque and others who supported him in this quarrell The Earle of Benauent hauing notice of what the Marquis had done and ment to doe came in speedily to Valiodolit and gathered his friends togither so as with the helpe of the Maister of Saint Iames his father in law who in this tooke his part hee found himselfe able to offer battaile to his aduersary but the King beeing accompanied with the Cardinall of Spaine brother to the Marquis and with the Maister father in law to the Earle did put himselfe betwixt them and handled the matter in such sort by the Cardinalls meanes as he hindred them from ioyning battaile and it was agreed that the towne of Carion should returne to the crowne and the Earle should haue the towne of Magaua in recompence which belonged to the Cardinall who to make them friends was content to dispossesse himselfe thereof and receiued other recompences for the same Prince Fernand when this quarrell beganne was ready to depart into Arragon and had leauied certaine companies of souldiars the which wich his owne person hee offered to the Marquis who gaue him humble thankes saying that he was strong enough to incounter a greater Lord then the Earle of Benauent and therefore hee besought him to preserue his person in safety that hee might in time to come reigne in Spaine and not to hazard it now when there was no need The Marquis afterwards returned to Guadalajara and went to Saint Christofers to visit the Princesse Donna Isabella who went forth to meete him hee offred her his seruice and all aide and assistance for the obteining of her right after the King her brothers death The Earle of Benauent returned into his owne possessions the King with the Cardinall to Segobia and the Maister to Cuellar but soone after the King with the whole Court and the Maister likewise came to Madrid where by the Maister his Councell it was thought fit that the Cardinall should returne to Segobia to treat with the Princesse and the Maister brought the King to Trugillo to cause the fort of the same city to be deliuered vnto him which hee had so importunately a long time begged but the Gouernor of that place whose name was Gratian de Sese would not consent therevnto nor obey the Kings commandment yet neuerthelesse hee hauing beene sollicited by the Maister with promise of great recompences hee beganne to negociate about the deliuery thereof but the matter being delaied the King who since his last sicknesse decaied in his health was constrained to returne to Madrid there to take his rest In the same place remained Donna Ioane in the keeping of the Marquis of Villena as for the Queene she was else where and lead a pleasant life without any shame at all In the meane time the Maister
of Saint Iames who remained at Santa Cruz de la Sierra delt in such sort as captaine Gratian of Sese deliuered him the fort of Trugillo being recompenced with the Lordship of Saint Helice de los Gallegos where shortly after he was cruelly murthered and stoned to death by his owne tenants About the same time the Maister of Saint Iames D. Iohn de Pacheco fell sicke of an Impostume in his throate which caused him to voide great quantity of putrified bloud at his mouth which in the end strangled him Death of D. Iohn de 〈◊〉 Maister of Sainâ— Iames. he died in the threescore and fourth yeere of his age hauing more credit and authority in Spaine then any Lord in his time his death was kept secret by his seruants vntill the fort of Trugillo was yeelded vp which was forthwith done and then it was openly declared to all men his body was carried to Parrall neere Segobia a Monastery of Saint Ierosme founded by King Henry then reigning for his place of buriall and the Maister was buried in the chiefe chappell with great pompe and sollemnity Great was the Kings sorrow for the Maisters death to whose sonne and heire Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena he did not only confirme the guifts of the townes cities and castles granted to his father but bestowed likewise vpon him the Maistership of Saint Iames and sent a messenger to the Pope to obtaine the confirmation thereof not respecting the Knights of the same Order who began to murmur and strongly to oppose themselues against it and they did not onely bandy themselues against the Marquis of Villena who was not chosen according to the rules of the Order but they likewise fell at variance amongst themselues for D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes Commander of Segura said that the election of the new Maister ought to be made in the Couent of Vcles according to the ancient custome On the other side D. Alphonso de Cardegna great Commander of Leon affirmed that it stood with great reason that the election should be made in Saint Marks of Leon in regard the deceased Maister died in the confines of Leon wherefore each of them standing firme in their allegations and hauing their factions and 〈◊〉 those two were chosen and saluted for Maisters in such sort as the Order of Saint Iames had at that time three heads like vnto Câ—rberâ—s the three headed â—ogge 〈◊〉 The Marquis of Villena besides the Kings fauour did hope that the Earle of 〈…〉 Commander of Castile would take his part and because he had the keeping of Donna 〈◊〉 the Kings supposed daughter it made the King more bound vnto him and in 〈◊〉 deed by reason thereof the King did groatly aduance him the which gained diuers seruants to the Princesse Donna Isabella who were iealous to see his sonne who had done them so much mischiefe in so great credit and authority The Cardinall of Spaine hauing beene a certaine time at Segobia with the Princesse came backe to Madrid to the King with the Constable Don Pedro 〈◊〉 Velafco who ioyntly spake to the King with the great boldnesse â—ouching the succession of the Kingdome beseeching him to take in good part that which they should say vnto him vpon their consciences King Henry takes no care for the succâ—ssion of his Kingdome which was that he ought to maintaine the Princesse Isabels right because he knew better then any that this Donna Ioane was not his daughter and they requested him in the name of God not to be the cause of so great miseries which would oppresse his Kingdome after his decease if hee should dissemble in that behalfe but to speake the truth for his peoples sake in declaring his sister the Princesse his true and lawfull heire wherevnto the King without any trouble made answere that Order should be taken for them both neuerthelesse hee delaied all hee could from medling in that businesse In the meane space the Marquis of Villena who promised to him selfe the Maister-ship of Saint Iames thinking to practize with the Knights of Castile and chiefly with the Earle of Osorno the great Commander came to Villarejo in which place the enterview of him and the Earle was agreed vpon The Maâ—quiâ— of Villenâ— taken prisoner by his competitor but the Earle feigning himselfe sicke sent thither his wife well accompanied with men at armes by whom the Marquis at his lighting from his horse was seized vpon and carried away prisoner into the castle of Fuente Duegna The King being aduertized hereof did presently take horse notwithstanding he was very sicke and came to the Earle of Osorno who shewed himselfe sterne and obstinate without respect or reuerence wherefore the King returned highly displeased to Madrid By the way he met with the Archbishop of Toledo at Villa Verde who offered him his seruice and therevpon to please him hee beseeged out of hand the castle of Fuente Duegna whether the King likewise came in person The seege lasting long Lopes Vasques de Acugna brother to the Archbishop making shew of ending this strife as a friend found meanes to bring the Countesse of Osorno to a parley who comming abroade with a sonne of hers was deceiued in the same manner as she had beguiled the Marquis and the mother and the sonne were brought prisoners into the castle of Hueta This pollicy did highly please the King and the Archbishop The Countesse of Osorno and her sonne taken the Marquis of Vâ—llena set at 〈◊〉 and was the cause that the Marquis was deliuered the Cardinall and the Constable made an end of the matter and the prisoners were set at liberty on either side the Archbishop of Toledo returned to Alcala and the King beeing much afflicted and weake to Madrid where Catarres vomitings and other mortall accidents brought him to his last houre The physitions hauing told the Cardinall of Spaine the Constable the Marquis of Villena the Earle of Benauent and other Lords of his Councel there present that his sicknesse was mortall they caused Frier Peter Maçuelo prior of Saint Ierosme of Madrid his confessor to put him in minde of matters belonging to his soules health and the peace of his Kingdome Hee had long discourse with the prior in confession then hee made his will appointing the Cardinall the Duke de Areualo the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Benauent for his executors and hee commaunded that his seruants should bee paide and well recompenced with his treasure and iewells and declared Donna Ioane to bee his lawfull daughter and true heire to his Kingdomes the which will was written by Iohn de Ouiedo one of his secretaries neuerthelesse diuers authors affirme that he made no will and say that as he was in the agony of death those that were present asked him whom he would declare to be his heire to whom hee made none other answere but that Iohn Gonçall his Chaplaine knew his minde therein vnto whom he
referred them naming the foure aboue mentioned for the executors of his last will and testament and ordained his body to bee buried at Guadalupa Vpon this doubt whether the King made a will or not were afterward great troubles raised but that which is most likely to be true is the testimony of the Lieutenant Diego Henriques his Cronicler and Counsellor who saith that he did make a will and in deed his testament was found the yeere 1504. thirty yeeres after his death In this manner King Henry the fourth ended his vnfortunate daies and his reigne full of troubles and disgrace An. 1474. the one and fortith yeere of his age and twentith of his reigne being in his latter daies so leane drie and meager as hee represented rather an Anatomy of bones then a man by reason whereof his Physitions had no need to enbalme him his body was kept for a time in the Monastery of Pas in Madrid and afterward transported to Guadalupa and buried in the chiefe Chappell there where three and fifty lampes of siluer doe continually burne for him day and night two and fifty whereof haue rent assigned them for the expence of the oyle The end of the one and twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE TVVO AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Fernand the fifth of that name and Donna Isabella King and Queene of Castile by her twentith in the Order of the kings of Castile and forty one of Leon their dispositions and qualities Estate of the affaires of Castile at their comming to the Crowne 2 Warre betwixt the French and the Arragonois in the county of Rossiâ—lon 3 Contention betwixt King Fernand and Queene Isabel about the gouernment of the Kingdome and order taken for the same 4 Duisions in Castile practizes of certaine Lords in Portugall to the preiudice of king Fernand and Queene Isabel. 5 Alphonso the fifth King of Portugall entreth Castile with an army treaty of a marriage betwixt him and Donna Ioane supposed daughter to the late King Henry the fourth and progresse of the warre in the confines of Zamora Toro Burgos and else-where 6 Alliances betwixt France and Castile broken the French army enters into Guipuscoa vnder the conduct of Monsieur de Albret 7 Continuance of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugall Battaile of Toro lost by the Portugoise 8 The Estates at Madrigall where Donna Isabella daughter to King Fernand and Queenâ— Isabell was sworne vnto as Princesse and heire of the kingdomes c. 9 Practices to ioyne the Kingdome of Nauarre to that of Castile 10 Bishops forbidden to enter into Biscay by an antient priuiledge 11 Continuance of the warre betwixt France Portugall and Castile Dilligence vsed for the renuing of the alliance of the two Realmes of France and Castile warre of Voles against the Marquis of Villena 12 Vaine practices of the king of Portugall in France in pursute of the warre of Castile 13 The Spaniards first voiage into Guyney 14 Toro surprised by the Spaniards and the league of the confederate Lords dissolued 15 Election of the Maisters of Saint Iames in king Fernands power 16 King Fernand and Queene Isabella at Toledo the building of the Monastery of Saint Iohn of the kings Warre on the coast of Badajos 17 Donna Isabella reformeth the Estate of the Citties and Country of Andalâ—zia 18 Enterview of the Kings D. Iohn of Arragon and D. Fernand of Castile father and sonne at Victoria Cutting off certaine cities of the Realme of Nauarre in fauour of Castile 19 Nauigations and conquests of the Spaniards in the Ocean sea 20 Institution of the ordinary inquisition of Spaine against the Iewes and Moores 21 Troubles raised by the Archbishop of Toledo 22 Seditious prelats and other petty tyrants punished 23 Exploits of warre on the frontiers of Extremadura and at sea betwixt the Portugals and Spaniards 24 Treaty of peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall propounded by D. Beatrice Dutchesse of Viseo 25 Vnion of Castile and Arragon in D. Fernand the second the nineteenth King of Arragon 26 D. Leonoâ—â— of Nauarre the foure and thiâ—tith in the order of the Kings of Nauarre succeedeth King Iohn her father but shee dieth almost as soone as he her children and posterity 27 D. Francis Phaebus first of that name the foure and thirtith King of Nauarre seditions at his commings to the crowne by the factions of Beaumont and Grammont 28 Estates of Castile assembled at Toledo their decrees and ordonances 29 Affaires of Nauarre Estates assembled at Tudela Feigned reconciliation of the two families of Beaumont and Grammont Impieties treasons murthers 30 Execution of the decrees of the Estates of Toledo 31 Spanish army in Sicill 32 Rigours of the Spanish inquisition iurisdictions and tribunalls thereof 33 A great quarrel betwixt D. Ramir Nugnes de Guzman and D. Frederike Henriques in the Court of Castile 34 D. Iohn second of that name and thirteenth King of Portugall 35 Contentions betwixt the Pope and the Kings of Castile for the election to benifices agreements betwixt the Pope King Fernand and Queene Isabella 36 King Francis Phaebus enters into Nauarre prouisions and orders for the quiet of that Kingdome Order and continuance of the Kings reigning in Spaine written in this two and twentith Booke CASTILE LEON ARRAGON PORTVGAL NAVARRE 20. D Fernand thâ— 5. and Queene Isabella 41. 19. the same Ferdi 2. 13. D. Leonora the 1. 34. D. Francis Phoebus 1. D. Fernand the 5. King 20. of Castile and 41. of Leon and Donna Isabella the 4. a woman which inherited the Kingdome of Castile and the 5. which inherited in Leon. AT such time as the Princes D. Fernand and Donna Isabella came to the crowne of Castile and Leon by the decease of King Henry the fourth then did iustice and peace beginne to smile vpon Spaine And it seemed that for the quiet honour and exaltation of the Spanish nation God had chosen and defended them in the middest of so many straits and difficulties wherein they were oftentimes plunged as well during the reigne of the Lord King Henry as afterward adorning each of them for that purpose with royall quallities and heroike vertues both of body and minde For as well Don Fernand as Queene Isabella were of meane stature and proportion Qualities of the Princes Fernand and Isabel. yet well composed faire and pleasant aspect gratious in their speeches and of such Maiesty in the gesture and motion of their bodies as was requisit for such grent Princes they were sober and moderate in their diet and all other their actions deuout and religious as they had beene instructed but yet for all that a little to much couetous of glory and honour which made them oftentimes stumble and transported them out of the right way of equity especially D. Fernand. To loue and desire honour and glory is in deed an affection beseeming great persons and without the which they can hardly giue themselues to any laudable exercize but
aduertizing him that if that Castle which was the fort of the Cittie of the Kingdome were lost he should neuer hope to raigne in Castile therefore it behooued him to come and succour it when the king of Portugal vnderstood thus much he gathered together as great forces as he could conueniently and marched towards Areualo where the Arch-bishoppe of Tolledo and the Marquis of Villena did meete him with troupes of chosen souldiers who againe did sweare vnto him not to acknowledge any other King in Castile but himselfe Queene Izabella was at the same time newly come to Vailliodolit out of Leon where shee had displaced the Captaine of the towers of the same cittie whome she knew to haue intelligence with the Portugois and placed an other in his roome and hearing of King Alphonso's comming to Areualo and that the aboue-named Lords were ioyned with him shee speedily sent Don Iohn de Silua Earle of Cifuentes to Olmedo and Don Guttiere of Cardegna to Medina del Campo to the end to hinder the enemies from enterprising vpon those places and to wearie them The Earle of Cifuentes who was young hotte and desirous to winne honour would contrarie to the aduice of the elder and more experienced Captaines needes runne to Areualo and there to lay an ambush for the enemie but hee was discouered and the enemie came foorth vppon him with greater forces so as hee was constrayned with great dishonour to returne backe to Olmedo beeing defeated and ashamed The Earle of Cifuentes defeatâ—d by the Portugoâ—s After this victory the King of Portugall the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo the Marquis of Villena and other Lords marched towards Pegnafiel a towne belonging to the Earle of Vregna where they remayned expecting some other companies which were to be ioyned to their army Vppon this occasion Queene Izabella came to Palença with the Cardinall of Spaine the Admirall the Earle of Benauent and others from whence shee sent the Earle of Benauent with certaine men at armes who lodged in Baltanas a towne neere to Pegnafiel and from thence made continuall roades cutting off those which carried victuals to the Portugals campe who were greatly distressed thereby wherefore the King of Portugall sent to assayle the same place where the Portugals sought so furiously as notwithstanding the great resistance which the Earle and his souldiers made The Earle of 〈◊〉 taken prisoner they entred and tooke it and brought away the Earle of Benauent prisoner beeing wounded to the campelying at Pegnafiel with diuers other braue Knights These two ouerthrowes of the Earles of Cifuentes and Benauent did greatly trouble the Queen who was aduised for the best to go to Burgos to the king her husband where the castle still held out and made wonderfull resistance The king of Portugall in the meane time made no hast to succour it for he was inferiour in forces to the armie of the Kings his aduersaries and withall hee greatly feared that the cittie of Zamora stood not firme for his seruice therefore hee chose the safest way which was to returne to Areualo with purpose to put greater garrisons into Zamora and Toro Donna Leonora Pimentell Dutchesse of Areualo who was sister to the Earle of Benauent and a Ladie of great woorth obtayned her brothers libertie of King Alphonso agreeing vppon his ransome and promised that he should no more serue the King and Queene in those warres for assurance whereof he gaue the townes of Portillo Villalua and Majorga in pawne and albeit the king promised great honours and rewards to the Earle of Benauent to the end to draw him to his seruice yet he would neuer consent thereto but in regard of this mishap he remayned as neuter The yeare one thousand An. 1476. foure hundred seuenty sixe those of Ocagna beeing kept short by the Garrisons of the Marquis of Villena and tyred with their oppressions returned to the seruice of the King and Queene beeing ayded and fauoured by the Earle of Cifuentes and by Don Iohn de Ribera who came thither with great troupes of souldiers Queene Izabella gaue the gouernement of that place to the Earle of Paredes enemie and competitor to the Marquis who beeing by little and little dispossest of what hee held did greatly complaine thereof to the king of Portugall saying that he had sustained those losses by beeing in his seruice and he did request him to passe on with his forces to Madrid assuring him that by the assistance of the Archb. of Toledo the Master of Calatraua and with the forces of the same kingdome of Toledo which took his part not onely in a short time to recouer what was taken from him but that his affaires would prosper the better The King of Portugall hauing had therevpon the aduise of the Lords and Captaines of his army was aduised not to leaue the hilly country on that side of Burgos for whosoeuer was possessed thereof might boldly terme himselfe Maister of Castill and Leon and withall if he should seeme to march towards Toledo the enemy would say that he did run away from them wherefore he entertayned the Marquis with promise to aide him in all he could and more-ouer to recompence him with great guifts and honours prouided that hee would take some good order for his affaires and in some sort prouide for the present danger From that time the Marquis who felt his losses and saw no hope of rising againe The Marquis of Villena beginneth to incline to King Ferdinand Queene Isabels side began to thinke vpon fit meanes to returne to the King and Queenes seruice At the same time the Citty of Zamora did seeke some fit occasion to rebell against the King of Portugal whereof hee stood in some doubt and vsed such dilligence for the discouery of their practizes as hee had notice of a plot which they had layd for the which he caused foure of the chiefest Cittizens to be put to death Yet notwithstanding Francis de valdez Captaine of the bridge of Zamora beeing solicited by Queene Izabell did promise to deliuer that forte into her hand and withall to giue her entry into the Citty but that it behooued King Ferdinand to bee present in person at soe great an enterprise The King was not slacke at such an occasion but leauing his brother Don Alphonso of Arragon and the Constable at the siege of the Castle of Burgos hee came thither in a disguised habit beeing accompanied with three horsse-men by the way of Valiodolit causing it to be giuen out that he was sicke and kept his chamber Although this enterprise seemed to be kept close yet the King of Portugall had notice thereof and did meane to put a new supply of such as he durst trust into the bridge vnder collour of sending certaine soldiers forth in the night a boot haling but the Captaine would not suffer them to passe bidding them come in the day time saying that the night is euer dangerous to strong places and passages of
the kingdomes of Castile in which space it was beseeged by the Duke sent thither with certaine companies by the Queene This same yeare King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell their affaires prospering did celebrate and keepe the assembly of the estates at Madrigall where Donna Isabell there onely daughter at that time was sworne vnto and acknowledged after the antient accustomed manner of Spaine Princesse of the Astiuria's and eldest lawfull heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon and the dependances thereof in case no male child were borne vnto them And in regard of the great zeale and affection they did beare to iustice which had greate neede of their aide and assistance the whole state of Spaine being so disordered and full of confusion as they which were strongest In what cases the prouosts of Castle may giue iudgement would without any feare of punishment exercise infinite kinds of cruelties vpon the weaker sort it was decreed for the preuenting thereof to renew and authorise the brother-hoods and companies of the communalties To the prouosts and iudiciall seates whereof authority should be giuen to giue iudgement in fiue cases that is to say for murther inforced theft or those which should be hurt in the country or places farre from any dwelling Secondly they might iudge the selfe same crimes committed in the townes and villages in case the offender should flie away Thirdly the breaking open of doores and walles scaling and burning of houses Fourthly the rape and violence offered to women or maides of what age or condition soeuer And fiftly for rebelling against the Ministers of iustice executing their charge which brother-hoods should haue their prouosts and iudges in the townes and their Ministers in all places of their iurisdiction and whereas any controuersie should arise betwixt the ordinary Iudges and those prouosts vpon the enquiry and knowledge of offences such differences should be iudged by the Kings Councell Don Lope de Ribas Bishop of Carthagena was chosen chiefe president of all those brotherhoods and it was decreed that an imposition should bee laide vpon the people for the entertainement of the souldiars and officers of these Iudges euery twentith house to finde one horseman so as by that meanes a power of two thousand horse was leauied to assist the Iudges and to purge and clense the country from theeues and robbers Of whom Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villahermosa the Kings brother was captaine generall These things beeing thus ordered did neuerthelesse displease sundry of the great Lords of Spaine but the Constable was well pleased therewith who was the first that commanded his owne tennants to contribute towards the payment of these companies whose example diuers other great Lords did follow afterward Now the King of Portugall had furnished Toro Cantalapiedra and Castro Nugno with good and strong garrisons which did greatly molest all the country there abouts especially that of Cantalapiedra where Alphonso Peres de Biuero was gouernour who made continuall courses vpon the territory of Medina Salamanca and other places which to remedy King Fernand resolued to beseege it and sent thither the Duke of Villahermosa his brother and Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno with Artillery to batter it The seege being planted and the Canon playing on either side the beseeged who found themselues shut in demaunded aide of King Alphonso who did forrage and ouer runne the territory of Salamanca thinking by that meanes both to diuert the army from before Cantalapiedra and to succour the beseeged but it fell not out according to his desseigne for the Earle of Treuigno marched against the forragers and did beate them backe and yet the beseeged in Cantalapiedra were still as much distressed as before It was treated concerning the exchange of prisoners wherefore the Earle of Benauent was freed from his oth which hee made not to beare armes for King Fernand in that warre and so the Earle of Pegnamaçor was deliuered forth of prison the seege raised from before Cantalapiedra and the Licentiate Antonio Nugnes of Ciudad Rodrigo was restored to his goods and the garrisons of that place were not to beare armes for a yeere afterward The King and Queene gaue to the Earle of Benauent foure millions of Marauedis towards the charges hee had beene at and confirmed his former guift of the city of Corunna or the Groine but the Inhabitants taking armes did resist him intending to maintaine themselues vnder the demaines of the crowne without acknowledging any subalterne Lord and draue those forth of the castle which held it for the Earl The same time king Fernand was sent for into Arragon by King Iohn his father whither he did make a short iourney because his wars in Castile but especially in Guipuscoa concerned him very nerely he made a quick returne to victoria for the Frenchmen remained still in that Prouince burning the country to driue whom away the King and Queene raised an army of fity thousand men the most part of them being footmen out of the Prouinces of Guipuscoa Alaua Biscay Asturia and from other places on the confines of Burgos Vpon the report of this great preparation the French men retired to Bayonne with intent and threatning to returne againe the spring following At the same time Nauarre the faction of Beaumont and Grammont in the Kingdome of Nauarre were at as deadly warre as euer Lewis of Beaumont coueâ—s the Realme of Nauarre and the quarrell betwixt Don Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and Pedro of Peralta the Constable was pursued with all rigour and extremity the Earle of Lerin beganne to treat with King Fernand to make him King of Nauarre and to deliuer into his hands the city of Pampelona with other fortresses of the fame country sending certaine Knights of Nauarre vnto him to victoria to offer him his seruice with all that hee did possesse the King did curteously entertaine those Knightes thanked both the Earle and them for their offers and good will but concerning the rest hee said that hee would not lay claime to anothers right for the Realme of Nauare did in right belong to his sister the Princesse Leonora and after her decease to her Sonnes Sonne Francis Phoebus Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearne and withall because King Iohn his father did enioy the toyall authority thereof during his life therefore to enterprise any thing against the right of those persons vnto whome hee did owe so much honour and respect it would not onely be a sinne but impiety and sacriledge so as by no meanes hee would harken therevnto saying moreouer that hee was much greeued to see the inueterate hatred betwixt the Earle and the Constable and that hee would willingly take the paines to make them friends thinking it an office worthy of him King Ferdinand meditates a peace betwixt the factions of Beaument and Gramont to procure the peace and quiet of that Kingdome which was ruined by the confusions of the ciuill warres
if Don Ramir Nugnes had done any thing for the recouery of his honour it was not a fault that did deserue to haue him spoiled of his patrimony and goods left him by his predecessors therefore he besought the Queene to proceed in this businesse by order of law and if that Don Ramir should be found guilty Quarrell betweene D. Ramâ—r Nugnes de Guzman and D. Frederike Henriques then to punish him with these speeches they entertained La Font and gained time to the end that Don Ramir might haue leasure to fortifie himselfe Whilest La Font went to the Court the souldiars did much hurt in the country neere to Torall and prouoked the Inhabitants and souldiars which were within the towne to come forth and skirmish with them albeit that Don Pedro de Guzman with-held them from so doing as much as in him lay for hee would not giue that aduantage to Don Ramires aduersaries to say that those of Torall had fought against the Queenes forces who commaunded Alphonso de Quintanilla to vse all fit meanes that hee could to take the towne and castle of Torall Alphonso hauing demaunded to speake with Don Pedro de Guzman and Pero Nugnes his Nephew acquainted them with the Queenes resolution exhorting them not to delay the time till they brought the canon they answered that they would in no sort shew themselues rebellious to the Queenes commaundement but they onely entreated that Don Ramir might be proceeded against by the ordinary meanes of Iustice which beeing graunted they were ready not onely to yeeld vp Torall but the castle of Auiados in like manner and namely if need required to put Don Ramirs person into the hands of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in hostage or to Don Gomes Suares de Figueroa Earle of Feria the which was agreed vpon betwixt them and signed by a Notarie and a truce made betwixt the beseegers and beseeged whilest that Alphonso de Quintillana might goe and come from the Court That Queene was at the same time gone to Cordoua wherefore Alphonso being come to Valiodolit and hauing conferred with the Admirall sent the dispatch to Cordoua to the Queene who appointed for depositor of D. Ramirs lands and person the Earle of Feria who had married D. Constance D. Ramirs Aunt the Earle accepted it vpon condition that he should be aduertized fiue and twenty daies before the sentence should bee pronounced and that the Kings should promise him by writing not to demaund Don Ramirs person during the time of the processe for he would assure him whilest he was in his power On the other side Don Ramir sent to the King of Portugall to know whether that if it should happen that a sentence should be pronounced against him which might touch his life and honour hee would permit him to come into his Kingdome and Court in safety These things being graunted Don Ramir was brought to the castle of the towne of Feria for greater surety and there kept in prison vntill his processe was ready to be iudged and then the Kings according to their promise did aduertize the Earle of Feria thereof at the appointed time who sent Don Ramir well accompanied into Portugall where King Iohn the second of that name did then reigne who entertained him very curteously as shal be hereafter declared Queene Isabella as hath beene said made a voyage into Arragon The States of Arragon sweare to Prince Iohn and carried thither with her her husband Iohn Prince of the Asturia's and was receiued into the city of Calatajub with great and magnificent triumph whether the King came not long after who at the same time was at Barcelona with the Lords and Deputies of the States of Arragon by whom Prince Iohn was likewise sworne vnto and acknowledged for Prince of Girona heire vnto Castile and Arragon and true successor in these Kingdomes the Kings in like manner did sweare and promise to maintaine the rights priuiledges and exemptions of the country That being done they went to Saragossa where they made as triumphant an entry as at Calatajub Thither was newes brought of the death of the great Turke Mahumet of the succession of his sonne Bajazet in that Empire and of the discord betwixt him and his brother Zemin and also how that King Fernand of Naples had recouered the towne of Ottranto which Acomat Bascia had taken from him the yeere before For all which desired newes the Kings yeelded thankes vnto God by generall processions after the accustomed manner Estates at Barcelona and Valencia The Kings did in like manner assemble the Estates at Barcelona and Valencia where the like othes were made vnto Prince Iohn as next future heire but touching the subsidies they demaunded it was impossible to obtaine any and they were faine on the contrary to grant many things to the people and in diuerse sorts to supply their wants being but poore euer since the last warre that the Cattelans made against the King Don Iohn Don Iohn the second of that name and 13. King of Portugall ABout the same time died Alphonso King of Portugall at Sintra who since the last warres betwixt him and Castile Portugal had euer led a melancholy and discontented life he lay sicke fiue and twenty daies and deceased the three and fortith yeere of his reigne being of the age of nine and forty yeeres and seuen monthes his body was buried with great solemnitie and funerall pompe in the royall Monastery of the battaile of the Order of the Friers preachers the Catholike Kings remayning still at Barcelona did there celebrate his obsequies After him reigned his sonne D. Iohn father to D. Alphonso who did not succeed him because he died before his father as hereafter shal be mentioned King Fernand hauing ordered the affaires of Arragon Castile Cattalonia and Valencia returned with the Queene his wife into Castile where during her absence the Constable and the Admirall were appointed Viceroys who committed the Earles of Luna and Valence to prison in regard of certaine tumults and seditions which they had raised in the Kingdome of Leon. The Court remayning at that time at Medina del Campo happened as hath beene heretofore declared the reuenge of D. Ramir Nugnes de Guzman against the Admirall There arose at the same time a new contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and the Pope wherein they shewed no want of courage The Episcopall Sea of Cuença was vacant by the decease of the Bishop Pope Sixtus gaue it to a Nephew of his borne in Genoa Cardinall of the title of Saint George without the knowledge or consent of the Kings who being highly displeased that the Bishoprikes and great benifices of Spaine should be possessed by strangers against the ancient decrees of the Estates of the Kingdome obserued from time to time did hinder this Cardinall from taking possession of the Bishoprike and gaue the Pope to vnderstand how preiudiciall it might be to the Realmes of Spaine whereof the Pope making
King Lewis the eleuenth who did not greatly affect the affaires of Castile did hinder that match The like hinderance was ministred by her and King Lewis in the marriage of his sister Catherine who was Queene of Nauarre and the Prince Don Iohn of Castile heire to the same crowne for King Lewis who had great deseignes in his head did goe about to marry this King Francis Phoebus to Donna Ioane the Nun at Coimbra the pretended Queene of Castile and by that pretended right and the forces of his owne Kingdome to cast King Fernand and Queene Isabella out of the Realmes of Castile and Leon and for euer to keepe the Earledome of Rossillion to himselfe with other purposes which vanished into aire and the better to effect what hee had determined sent Ambassadors into Portugall to King Alphonso whose death happening this yeere with that of the King of Nauarres soone after did quite frustrate these practizes to the which King Iohn of Portugall who succeeded his father Alphonso would by no meanes harken The end of the two and twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE THREE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 THe beginning of the long warre of Granado against King Muley Albohacen 2 Death of King Francis Phoebus Marriage procured by the Kings of Castile for their sonne D. Iohn with Queene Catherine of Nauarre 3 Continuance of the warre of Granado Conquest of that great Canaries Switzers hired for this warre against the Moores 4 Causes of suspition of King Fernand and Queene Isabella against the heire of Nauarre Intelligences and practizes with the factious to get that Kingdome 5 Continuance of the warre of Granado 6 The reigne of King Iohn the second of Portugall Discouery of Manicongo the King intitles himself Lord of Guiney Conspiracies Death of the dukes of Bragança and Viseo with other tragicall acts in the same Court 7 Continuance of the warre of Granado against Muley Boabdellin the one and twentith King of that Country The Pope helpeth forward the warre of Granado Pollitike acts of the Kings of Castile 8 Christofer Columbus his first comming to the Court of Castile his disposition and quallities 10 Seege of Malaga 11 Hermandades or brother-hoods Inquisition in Arragon 12 Iohn d' Albret and Catherine of Nauarre the fiue and thirtith in Order of the Kings of Nauarre The vicount of Narbonne quarrels about the Earledome of Foix Enterprises of Castile against Nauarre by meanes of the factions 13 King Fernands fauours towards Amand d' Albret aide graunted by him to the Princes and Lords confederate against the French King Charles the eight 14 Death of the duke of Alua and other Lords of Castile Exploits done against the Moores 15 Nauigations of the Portugalls into the Ocean sea search and discouery of vnknowne lands and great dilligence of King Iohn of Portugall about these matters 16 Treaties of marriage and other domesticall acts in the Court of Castile oppression of the Conuerts 17 Continuance of the warre against the Moores of Granado Seege of Baça 18 Mastership of Calatraua incorporated to the Cowne of Castile with other matters belonging to the same Order 19 Pursute of the Moorish warre Baça yeelded vp 20 Pursutes against Mahomet the Little the last King of Granado to dispossesse him of the same city vnder collour of right 21 Marriage of Prince Alphouso of Portugall with Donna Isabella the Infanta of Castile 22 Seege of Granado and yeelding vp of the same city 23 Pollitike acts of King Fernand and Queene Isabella of Castile 34 D. Alphonso of Portugall his pittifull death In this three and twintith Booke for continuance of the Kings reigning in Spaine mention is made of 35. Iohn D' Albret and Catherine his wife King and Queene of Nauarre himselfe the second of that name THe warre which King Fernand began and ended against the Moores of Granado was one of his most memorable acts for the Kingdome of Granado did florish more at that time Qualities of King Muley Alâ—obacen then it had done in many yeeres before being full of men riches and armor and gouerned by one of the wisest and pollitike Kings that euer reigned ouer that Nation namely Muley Albohacen if hee had beene a little more faithfull and lesse ambitious and proud which qualities did plunge him into troubles and miserable diuisions as well against his subiects in the bowels of his owne country as against the Castillians his neighbours Hee had enioyed a long peace and as it were with pride and brauing he pulled vp the assurance thereof by the rootes from the Kings of Caile hauing freed and discharged himselfe from the tribute which his predecessors were accustomed to pay them And albeit the same was greeuous to King Fernand and Queene Isabella which were magnanimous and impatient of all losse and diminution of their royall Estate who besides that were pricked forward as well by their owne zeale to Christian Religion as by the perswasion of the Popes and Prelates to vndertake the same warre yet notwithstanding the truce agreed vpon the charge and discommodities of the warres which they had newly ended against the King of Portugall the present confusion wherein the Realme of Castile was at the same time did counsell them to waite for a fitter opportunity Now when it pleased God vnto whom all times and occasions are subiect that this Mahometan superstition should take an end and that this race of Moores should bee rooted out of Spaine by armes seeing that other more conuenient meanes could not bee vsed by the Church the warre which was constantly pursued against them and wholy ended in the space of tenne yeeres did beginne in this manner King Muley Albohacen hauing beene aduertized that the city of Zahara was negligently kept by the Christians Nauarre and presuming vpon the truce caused it to be taken in the night by scaladoe togither with the sort and castle he carried away the men cattaile and all the riches that he could finde therein and manned it with a good and strong garrison of Moores The taking thereof being knowne in Granado one of their Philosophers which they call Alphaquies cried out publikely Either mine Oracles deceiue mee or the end of the ancient reigne of the Moores in Spaine is at hand the which in deed came to passe the surprising of this towne giuing King Fernand occasion to lay hand vpon this conquest with all his forces and meanes and with incredible perseuerance The newes that the truce was broken by the Moores being vnderstood at Medina del Campo where the Court then was diuerse companies were dispatched to the frontiers of Murcia and Andaluzia vnder the charge of Don Alphonso de Cardenaz Maister of Saint Iames who lay in garrison at Eccia Don Roderigo Telles Giron Maister of Calatraua remained at Iaen and others in other places besides the ordinary garrisons and forces of Don Pedro Henriques Gouernor generall of the frontiers of Andaluzia assisted by Don Pedro
manned where Diego de Merlo Don Martin of Cordoua and Hernand Carillo remayned Captaines After that the armie was gone the King of Granado hauing notice thereof he did foorth-with returne backe to assayle Alhama and brought at this time no more engines of batterie with him than at the former but only a great number of ladders thinking in regard it was not yet thoroughly fortified nor rampired to take it by the multitude of his souldiers and at last hauing assayled it day and night without ceassing he earely in a morning scaled it in a place which was not thought vppon so as he put three-score and ten Moorish souldiers into it and had caused greater numbers to haue entred had not a souldier perceyued them and giuen the alarme wherefore the Christians running to that place did cut in peeces those that were entred and repulsed the rest who endeauoured to follow them The successe of those assaults was not according to king Muley Albohacens expectation therefore he went thence once againe with an intent to returne thither with artillerie In the meane space Queene Izabella hauing left the Admirall Viceroy of Castile marched with those forces which she had leauied towards Cordoua to meete the King being attended on by the Constable who refused to be Viceroy of Castile saying that warre and armes were the proper offices belonging to an high Constable of Spaine The Kings Councell did determine and almost conclude to raze the Cittie of Alhama Alhama preserued at the instance of Q. Izaâ—el inregard it stoode in the middest of the Realme of Granado and therefore very hardly to be kept but the Queene who was desirous to preserue it as the first conquest of her raigne did perswade the contrarie so as it was not ruined and order was giuen to assayle and take in all the sorts and castles nere adioyning The Kings came after that to Eccia Death of Don Alphonso Carillâ— where they receyued newes of the decease of D. Alphonso Carillo of Acugna Arch-bishop of Toledo who dyed at Alcala de Henares they procured the election to the same dignitie for the Cardinall Pero Gonçales of Mendoza the seuentith Arch-bishop of that Sea and Primate of Spaine and the Arch-bishoppricke of Siuile was giuen to Don Inigo Manriques Bishop of Iaen There were at the same time with the King Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Bishop of Palence the Masters of Saint Iames and Calarraua the Constable the Dukes of Villa-hermosa Infantasgo Medina Celi Albuquerque the Marquis of Villena and Cales the Earles of Vregna Cabra Treuigno Tendilla Cifuentes and Benalcaçar Don Alphonso d'Aguilar Don Henry Henriques great Master and the Kings vncle Iohn Chacon Roderigo of Vlloa Don Frederick of Toledo sonne to the Duke of Alua Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montmajor Don Alphonso of Cardenaz Don Antonio Fonseca Hernand of Vega with other Lords and Knights of great name Don Iohn of Estuniga master of Alcantara by reason of his young yeares was absent with his father the Duke of Plaisance With this companie the king departed from Eccia with eight thousand horse and great numbers of foot and came to Alhama the which they fortified with rampars bulwarkes and other sufficient defences and the king made Don Lewis Fernandes Porto Carrero Lord of Palma Gouernor thereof leauing him foure hundred horse the Cardinall did purifie and blesse the three Mesquites or churches with the accustomed ceremonies and dedicated them to other vses then the army began to ouer-run the country on euery side whilst the queene busied her selfe in prouiding victuals armes munition and other necessaries for the wars The Christian army being strengthened with new supplies did presently beseege Loxa and was lodged amongst the Oliue trees vallies and little hils neere to the riuer of Guadaxenil The Mooreking on his part lost neither time nor courage but fortified and desended the passages and streights by the which the enemies might assayle him and approch towards Granado sending to the Kings and Potentates of Affrica to aduertize them of the dangerous warre wherein he was ingaged intreating them for the religion common betwixt them for the honour of their nation for the equall danger which threatned them if Granado should be lost that they would come or send to his ayde and he did in the meane time oppose his owne forces against the Christians and on either part there were valiant incounters and skirmishes performed where neuerthelesse Don Roderigo Telles Giron Master of Calatraua's happe was hard who dyed beeing shot thorough the bodie with two poysoned arrowes The Moores make surious saâ—lies vppon the Christians and Don Garcia Lopes of Padilla was promoted to his place and was the last Master of that Order King Fernand beeing desirous to change and alter the seate and lodging of his armie to a more conuenient place there were sharpe skirmishes in the remoouing of the campe where the Constable receyued two wounds in his face the beseeged who were not aboue three thousand made continuall sallies vppon the Christians with such furie and brauing as it was to be wondred at and did oftentimes put the great Lords and Captaines which kept those quarters which they assayled in great danger of their liues committing notable spoyles vppon their troupes and the Duke of Medina Celi and the Earle of Tendilla did hardly escape with their liues beeing rescued by the forces of the Earle of Playsance which his sonne Don Franciso of Estuniga brought to their ayde the Kings owne person was likewise succored by Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montmajor assisted greatly by Don Fredericke of Toledo sonne to the Duke of Alua Don Antonio de Fonseca Don Alphonso of Cardenaz and Hernand of Vega. Such was the enraged hardinesse of the Moores as notwithstanding that they were beaten backe and streightly shut in by the valour and industrie of the Marquis of Cales The seege of Loxa raised yet they constrayned King Fernand to raise his seege and returne to Cordoua The souldiers which lay in Alhama hauing notice of what had happened and of the Kings retreate from before Loxa fearing that the Moores would returne to beseege them cryed out to haue the towne razed and ouerthrowne and to returne home to their houses but Don Lewis Fernandes Porto Carrero and Pero Ruis of Alarcon with others did oppose themselues against it and hindred it The king of Granado came thither the third time and did greatly annoy them but they valiantly defended themselues vntill K. Fernand came with succour to deliuer them from the seege who changed both the garrison and the Gouernour and left other souldiers there vnder the commaund of Dou Lewis Osorio Arch-deacon of Astorga and brother to the Marquis of the same place That beeing done the Christian armie did forrage burn and spoyle the countrie of Granado from whence they carried away much spoile and many prisoners to Cordoua Mahomet Boabdellin called the Little and the twentith king of Granado THe Christian
horse and as many chosen foote-men King Fernand promiseth the Moores liberty of their conscience Those of Alozagra yeelded vpon condition they might bee mayntayned in their consciences and religon the which the King graunted then they beseeged the towne of Caçaranouelle where the Moores made incredible resistance killing in diuers skirmishes greate numbers of Christians as namely Don Guttires de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar a young Noble-man of foure and twenty yeares of age hardy and valiant who was shot throw the body with a poysoned arrow for whose death the king and the whole army were very sorry because these braueries of the Moores did make them become obstinate and encouraged others which would haue yeelded to make resistance The Army A couragious woman and constant in her enterprises with this losse without performing any other exploit then burning the country did returne backe to Antiqera where the King receaued letters from the Queene his wife which caused the whole army to blush for shame for shee let them vnderstand how that so goodly an army ought not to liue vnprofitably nor returne without doing some notable exployt wherefore being incourraged by a woman they retired againe into the enemies country and spoyled it euen to the mountaine called Sierra Neuada the King beeing lodged with a great body of an army within halfe a mile of the Citty of Granada to oppose him-selfe against the sallies which they of the towne might make vpon those that did forrage the Duke of medina and the Earle of Cabra being in an other place where as much as in them lay they spoyled the country and made it vnfit to beare frute the sooner therby to starue them The Queene had laden 5000. beasts of carriage with victualls which by the helpe of this army entred into Alhama where the King left Don Guttiere de Padilla gouernour who was nephew to Don Garcia Lopes de Padilla Maister of Calatraua in regard the Maister had promised to defend that place with the forces of his iurisdiction After-wards the army returned to Cordoua where the Queene being demaunded if shee were pleased with what they had donne shee answered that it was not fit they should spend the rest of the yeare in idlenesse where-vpon the King returned and marched against Septenil which for three daies space was batered and afterwards the Moores yeelded it vpon composition that they might depart with their liues goods and liberty the place was committed to the keeping of D. Francisco Henriques from thence the army went to ruine the country of Ronde and because winter did draw neere it did attempt nothing else and was brought backe to Siuill whether the Queene came The garrisons of Alhama Alora and Septenill were commanded by the King and Queene to aide King Mahomet the little with all their power against Muley Albohacen his father Portugal King Iohn a greâ—te iusticer namely against the nobillity with other of his qualities Wee will here for a while lay by the affaires of Castile and Arragon and speake of Portugall and of the raigne of Iohn the 2. who succeeded Alphonso 1481. beeing sixe and twenty yeares of age This Prince was a great Iusticer and it may be ouer rigorous in the execution thereof especially against the Nobilitie and great Lords of his kingdome whome he did punish and reclaymed from many oppressions which his father had tolerated this caused him to be hated and gaue cause vnto some who were very neere vnto him in bloud to practise against his life and state He was of a quicke and sharpe iudgement and of an excellent memorie he could discourse eloquently of all matters and would haue those that did talke with him to consider how and what to speake and he would ordinarily say that it was impossible but that Kings should be wise men because euery one that spake to them whether they were foolish or wise did striue to speake well and wisely He shewed great wisedome in all his actions not suffering himselfe to be carried away by Court-flatterers and if hee did fauour any one Mediocâ—itie is to be obserued in the aduancement of Princes seruants hee would aduance him but to a certaine meane and no further giuing authoritie to no man more than was needfull hee was a louer of good councell very true firme and constant in whatsoeuer he graunted or denyed liberall aswell to strangers as to his owne seruants he was religious according to those times and charitable towards the poore for whose ease and comfort hee builded the royall Hospitall of Lisborne in the honour of all Saints he shewed himselfe very obedient towards his father and had the good hap Discouery of Manicongo to haue the kingdome of Manicongo discouered in his raigne at which time with great care and diligence the nauigation for spices did beginne for which things hee was surnamed the Great When hee beganne to raigne hee was already father to the Infant Don Alphonso begotten on Queene Elenor daughter to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo his Vncle and to the Infanta Donna Beatrix shee who had procured the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall Genealogie of Portugal the Infant was seauen yeares old when his father came to the Crowne who the yeare 1481. had a sonne by a Mistris of his called Donna Anne de Mendoza whose name was George Master of Saint Iames and Auis Duke of Coimbra Lord of Auero and Montemajor the old who was brought vp openly as the Kings sonne by his Aunt the Infanta Donna Ioane a Nunne in the Monasterie of Iesus d'Auero hee was father to Don Iohn Duke of Auero a worthie Prince in our age This King Iohn of whome wee speake was the first King of Portugall that entitled himselfe Lord of Guiney the nauigation into which countrey hee mayntained and continued and builded the Cittie and Castle of Saint George the fort of Tanger and others Hee called a Parlament in the Cittie of Ebora there to receiue the oath of fealtie and homage due to the Kings his progenitors at the same time it happened that Don Fernand Duke of Bragança beeing at his house of Villa-viciosa did search for certaine records and titles of lands with other letters of priuiledge to haue them renewed and confirmed by the new king his Secretarie whome hee employed in this businesse found certaine letters of intelligence and practise in a chest betwixt the Duke his master and the King and Queene of Castile contrarie to his allegeance to King Iohn Wherefore this Secretarie The Duke of Braganzaes practises discouered by his Secretarie whose name was Lope de Figueredo beeing mooued either with zeale towards his Prince or with hope of some good reward did embezil those writings and gaue them to the King who hauing copied them re-deliuered the originall to Figuereda who layd them among the rest of the papers which hee had found his Lord not perceyuing it the Duke neuerthelesse was still fauoured and welcommed by the
Lord of Palma and of Don Iohn of Estuniga Master of Alcantara Malaga beeing thus beseeged the Kings tent was knowne by the Moores who bestowed many cannon shot vpon it from the citie so as they were constrayned to remooue it behind a little hil The batterie planted to the most conuenient places was great and furious from the Marquis of Cales quarter against the Castle of Gibralfar the which in many places was pierced and ouerthrowne in many places and as soone repayred by the Moores The Marquis hauing taken away the towers which did offend him aduanced his lodging a stones cast nearer to the fort but hee was constrained to returne to his former quarter by the continuall sallies which the Moores made vpon him and his people fighting with such furie as they came to the poynyard and slue the Captaine of Atiença and Inigo Lopes of Medran Lord of Cauagnillas Gabriel of Soâ—tomajor and other valiant men besides diuers hurt in the number of whome was the Marquis who was shot into the arme with an arrow for the Moores fought from a place of great aduantage At this seege two great shippes of warre arriued on the coast of Malaga commaunded by Don Ladron de Gueuara sent from Flanders by Maximilian of Austria king of the Romaines husband to the heire of Bourgondie and father to Philip which was sonne-in-law to the Kings of Castile The Emperor Maximillian sends Artillery and powder from Flanders to the king of Castile who for the seruice of this warre did send these two vessels laden with diuers peeces of brasse Ordonance and baâ—rels of powder bels for the use of the Churches of the places newly conquered great store of mettall with workmen to worke it with other instruments and things necessarie for the warre beeing desirous for his part to partake in some sort the honour of this great conquest which his posteritie enioyeth at this day A tower of the cittie beeing wonne with great toyle and effusion of bloud was quickly recouered againe by the Moores who grew more obstinate in their defence by meanes of a false rumor raised by certaine cowards of the campe which desired to returne home againe who sayd that Queene Izabella did sollicite the King her husband to rayse his seege because the plague was within and about diuers places of the Cittie and in this hope the Barbarians did valiantly resist all assaults The King to let them vnderstand that his intent was otherwise sent for the Queene to come to the campe who was accompanied thither by great numbers of voluntarie Knights and then hee sent word to the beseeged that if they would yeeld he would vse them gently as hee had done others if not he gaue them to vnderstand that he would not depart thence till the cittie were taken and that then they should expect nothing but rigor to the which they made no answer but did streightly commaund that not any one amongst them should dare vpon paine of life to talke of any agreement or composition with the kings of Castile and they did indeed kill diuers vppon the same occasion being resolued to hold out till their last breath the which did greatly prolong the seege where powder beginning to fayle the gallies were sent to Valencia Barcelona yea into Sicill which brought thither great quantitie The King of Portugall beeing entreated to send some thither likewise did it willingly with great speed There was no part of the day almost which was free from skirmisnes where many men of either side dyed daily wherefore certaine Moores of the Cittie beeing displeased with the losse of their friends and fore-seeing the danger whereinto they were likely to fall yet not daring to speake of composition did secretly send a messenger to the campe to tell king Fernand that if he would promise to saue their liues and goods they would giue him entrance whereunto the king consented and as this Moore returned he was taken by certaine Gomeres of Affricke who assayled him with their swords in such sort as he returning hurt to the campe dyed there and so the treaty ended As the land skirmishes were continuall so were those at sea where the armie of Castile did hinder as much as in them lay any entrance of comming foorth of the cittie and to redresse the sallies by land there were by the diligence of Garcy Lazo de la Vega Iohn d' Estuniga and Diego of Tayde diuers forts made and great trenches drawne where diuers great Corps de gard were placed so as the Moores in that manner shutte in could not do so much hurt nor vexe the armie as before it had done the Moores beeing neuerthelesse constant in their resolution to hold out to the last man nothwithstanding that victuals did greatly decrease in the cittie for they were aduertised by diuers traitors of the campe of whatsoeuer was done there good or bad and oftentimes they told them that which was false in such sort as they were not discouraged but did beleeue that the king and Queene would shortly bee constrained to depart thence and there were some that left the cittie vnder color of yeelding themselues to the King and to become Christians who falsely reported that there was great and incredible aboundance of victuals and all other necessaries in the cittie to the end thereby to cause the Christians to leaue the seege the which report did put the King and his Councell into a studie whether they should cease the batteries and assaults and keepe the seege by sea with certaine gallies or else by land with certaine forts to starue them by little and little The Arabians liue with a little but weighing the nature of that nation who liue with so little meate as it is to be wondered at this counsell was reiected as vnfruitfull wherefore the batteries were renewed and to that end diuers artificiall engines were made of excellent inuention and mynes were wrought in diuers places which beeing discouered by the industrious and vigilant Moores were cause of the death of a great number of braue souldiers King Boabdellin el Zagal beeing daily sollicited to succour Malaga went foorth of Guadix with certaine troupes of horse and foote but beeing met and encountred by the army of his nephew Mahomet which came foorth of Granado for the same purpose hee was vanquished and put to flight whereof King Fernand had speedie intelligence to his great contentment Within the beseeged cittie were certaine Moores that were esteemed holy men who with mad and idle prattle went about to encourage the souldiers saying that the dead did greatly desire to rise againe for to helpe them to driue the Christians thence with other such like words which were of great force to animate that superstitious race There arriued at the campe fresh supplies of horse and foote from Arragon Valencia and Cattalognia which did much encourage the assaylants who had this aduantage not to want victuals The K. of Tremessen being aduertised by
could not be suffered to come to Valencia but was enforced to returne without beeing heard or seene King Charles at the same time was troubled with ciuill warres against the Duke of Orleance Duke Francis of Brittaine and the Lord of Albret who was dispossessed of his lands father to Iohn of Albret who was king of Nauarre and with others Iohn of Albret and Katherine of Nauarre Kings of Nauarre accounted for the 35. in the order of the Kings IOHN of Albret Nauarre the sonne of Alain of whom we haue made mention heretofore was married to Catherine the heire of Nauarre but before we come to the declaration therof it shall be neeedfull to speake of the state wherein the late King Francis Phoebus left the succession to his sister Katherine who raigned after him Iohn Vicount of Narbone vnkle to her Iohn Vicount of Narbon quarrels for the Earledome of Foix and Seigneury of Bearne and to the deceased King did foorth-with quarrell with the Lords of Foix and Bearne saying that for those lands lying vpon the limits of the Realme of France where women do not succeed that Queene Catherine his Neece was incapable of enioying them and therefore shee ought to content her selfe with her inheritance of Nauarre which is gouerned by other lawes and to leaue those two Lordships to him Vppon this strife great warre arose betwixt the parties the Vicount of Narbonne beeing fauoured by Iasper of Villemur Seneshall of Foix and the Lord of Calmont Iohn of Castel Verdun and others who the yeare 1484. leading with them forces of horse and foot tooke through the trecherie of one called Romengas the towne of Maçeres and then they seized on Monthault and in the end they came to assayle Pamiers where the cittizens would willingly haue receiued the Vicount whom they acknowledged to be a son of the house of Foix but not his souldiers whereat the Vicount being enraged went to S. Antonies which is the Cathedral church and the Bishops place of residence from whence he draue away Paschal who was Bishop and possessor thereof and enthronized Mathew Artigalu therein who pretended and pleaded the sayd Bishopricke against the other the Vicount moreouer doing his best to enter into Pamiers but the inhabitants persisting in their resistance he was constrayned to retire to Maseres from which place he continued the war against his Neece and the princesse Magdalen her mother who sent in the yeare 1485. Iohn of Lautrec to keepe and defend the countrey of Foix with diuers troupes leauied in Bearne and in the Earledome of Bigorre as also to recouer that which Iohn of Foix Vicount had vsurped Lautrec marching on to execute his commission was preuented by the way by Raymond Lordat Lord of Rodel who intreated him from those of Sauardun who some few dayes before had yeelded to the Vicount to pardon them in regard they did it to auoyd the present danger and to appease the Vicounts furie against whom they were not strong enough to resist they being desirous with all their hearts to serue queene Catherine their naturall Princesse and that if her pleasure were to receiue them they wold obey her and most willingly would cast off the Vicounts yoake therefore the Lord of Rodell intreated him to make all the hast he could to Sauardun assuring him that hee should be kindly welcomed and let into the towne Lautrec accepting this offer marched thither and arriued at the bridge gate at the same instant when as the Vicount of Narbone who was aduertised of all their practises entred at another gate called Vlmet These two Lords being met together in this sort did in stead of assayling one another performe offices of complement and they fell into discourse of peace which grew to this conclusion that Iohn of Foix should enioy Sauardun Maseres Monthault and S. Espartio with the church of S. Anthony the castle of Heremen and Montagu with other places and forts the which agreement as being vnlawfull was not obserued for within a few dayes after Odet Cardinall of Carcasson recouered Montagu and S. Anthonies and restored them to Queene Catherine Lautrec likewise on the other side took Montagu S. Espartio with the castle of Heremen which he ouerthrew In those businesses was queen Catherine entertayned in the beginning of her raigne to the great contentment of the chief Lords of the factions in Nauar who in the meane time managed their owne affaires by the intelligences which they had in Castilè notwithstanding any impediment that the Lord of Aubenas was able to giue them who was Viceroy in that Kingdome The yeare following which was 1486. Iohn Vicount of Foix in recompence of the losses he had sustained did by intelligence with certaine of the Inhabitants surprize the towne of Pamiers and left the Lord of Lauellane with certaine companies of souldiers there but Captaine Peter Bunfiere did by the selfe same meanes and by the helpe of a Lock-smith who made false keyes to the gate of Conserans beeing sent thither by the Princesse Magdalen and the Queene her daughter recouer the sayd towne slew diuers of the Garrison with Lauellanet their Captaine and carried thence whatsoeuer hee found yet for all this the warre ended not but continued to the great hinderance and preiudice of the countries of Foix and Bearne during which turmoyles the Princesse Magdalen reiecting the great and profitable match which was offered by the Prince of Castile married her daughter to Iohn of Albret which caused many troubles in the Realme of Nauarre The factious of Nauarr hinder their Princesse marriage For it was no easie matter to bring the factious to any reason Those which had any intelligences with Castile were so farre off from desiring this marriage with Prince Iohn of Castile as they hindered it to their vttermost power because they would not be subiect to a Prince that was mightie and had means to punish their crimes and yet neuerthelesse they could make vse of the occasion why that match was not accomplished by resisting their Princesse and Iohn of Albret her husband and by that meanes vpheld themselues in their tyrannies The absence of the Cardinall of Foix the Queenes Vnkle was a great hinderance to her affaires For this yeare 1486. he was sent for to Rome by Pope Innocent the eighth to be employed for the pacification of Naples which was troubled with ciuill wars betwixt the Barons and their King Fernand the same king beeing at great strife with the Pope who sent this Cardinall to Naples with power as Legate â—a latere where in some sort he composed those differences but he dyed at Rome and neuer returned more into Nauarre the state of which Kingdome beeing thus miserably distracted Amand Lord of Albret father to the new king did resolue to enter into Nauarre where hauing had conference with the Lord of Aubenas his brother who was Viceroy there and then with Iohn de Ribera who spoiling the countrie for the King of
Castile at the same time vnder color of defending and vpholding the Constable D. Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and who had taken certaine townes he delt in such sort Castillans spoile the Realme of Nauarr. as he perswaded him to go with him to Valencia to king Fernand where being arriued the Lord of Albret beeing welcomed and kindly entreated did beseech the King to accept of the desire he had to do him seruice in stead of the effect for so much as he was a poore Knight vniustly expelled from his countrie by the French King who was mooued against him Amand of Albret 〈◊〉 the K of Castile to war vpon K. Charles the eight and Iohn of Albret his sonne whose person with his kingdome of Nauarre hee came to offer vnto him requesting him to receiue them into his protection and also that he had commission to make the like request for the Dukes Francis of Brittaine and Lewis of Orleance poursued and afflicted by the same King Charles each of whom promised him seruice and ayde for the recouerie of his Earledome of Rossillon and in all other occasions King Fernand sauoues Amand of Alâ—ret against King Charles The Lord of Albrets speech was fauourably and attentiuely heard by King Fernand who graunted all that which hee demaunded in the behalf of the king his son commanding Iohn de Ribera to restore to him or his Lieutenants Viana with all the rest of the places which he held in the Realme of Nauar. And did moreouer giue order for the rigging forth of an army by sea in Guipuscoa and Biscay against the French King for the aide of the aboue-named Princes who had likewise sollicited Henry the seuenth King of England to take their part who inclined thereunto so as a great number of Spanish shippes did lye vppon the coasts of Brittaine whose Admirall was Monsieur Gralla with whom Alain of Albret returned and an armie out of England was likewise sent conducted by the Lord Scales to the hurt of the French-men who by meanes of a victorie obtained by K. Charles or his Lieutenants K. Charles his victorie at S. Aubin at S. Aubin did deliuer themselues from all danger the D. of Orleance and Monsieur Gralla being taken prisoners the Lord of Albret escaped and the D. of Brittaine died for griefe of mind leauing two daughters Anne the eldest albeit that she was promised to Maximilian King of the Romains who was of the D. of Orleance faction was won by King Charles to be his wife who was desirous by such a marriage to vnite the Dutchie of Brittaine to his Crowne And because he was betrothed to Margueritâ— of Austria daughter to the king of the Romaines who beeing very young was brought vp in France in hope of the future marriage he sent her home againe and she was afterwards married to Prince Iohn of Castile The Bretons euer hating the French gouernment The Britons oppose themselues against the French King keeping their Princesse in the Castle of Nantes made new practises with the Kings of Castile and England and obtained great ayde from both of them Don Diego Peres Sarmjento Earle of Salinas beeing Generall of the Spanish Armie on the coast of Brittaine with Don Pero Carillo de Albornos and other renowned Captaines hauing two hundred men at armes and great numbers of footmen Crosbowes Pikes and Harquebuziers who were called in those dayes Espingardiers King Charles in the meane time came with a mighty Armie and besieged Nantes and by intelligence with some hee obtained the Citty Castle and the Dutchesse whom hee married in the yeare 1489. and made her French Queene making himselfe Maister of her inheritance in despight of the Britons This faire and gratious Princesse Anne was daughter to Dutchesse Marguerite and grand-child to Queene Leonar of Nauarre as hath beene already said and coosin germaine to Queene Catherine of Nauarre of whom we now treate Wee will now returne to the Kings of Castile Castile After the assembly of the states of the Realme of Valencia at Orihuela where diuerse ancient customes were reformed and many notable orders receiued and established they came to Murcia with an intent to warre vpon the Moores from that part There did Don Frederick de Toledo Captaine of the Kings guards Death of Don Garcy Aluares and of D Aluarode Estuniga aske leaue to visit Don Garcy Aluares de Toledo his father who lay deadly sick in wose dignities to wit the Dutchie of Alua the Marquisat of Coria and Earledome of Barco his sonne succeeded him This yeare likewise dyed Don Aluaro d' Estuniga Duke of Playsance leauing his sonne of the same name successor in his Dutchie The Bishop of Astorga likewise dyed in whose place Bernardin de Caruajall was substituted who was afterward Cardinall of the Sea of Rome of the title of the holy Crosse. The companies from all parts of the kingdome made their Rendez-vous at Lorca whether King Ferdinand marched hauing in his company the Duke of Albuquerque the Marquis of Cales the Earles of Lemos Saint Steeuens Castro Cabra Montagu Buendia and Don Henry Henriques the great Maister Don Pero Lopes de Padilla Captaine of the frontiers of Castile Don Iohn Chacon Captaine of the frontier of Murcia and others The Army beeing ready to march the Marquis of Cales and the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia leading the foreward marched against the Cittie of Vera the inhabitants whereof who were Moores beeing assured that they came towards them Vera yeelded by composition would not fall into the like mischiefe as those of Malaga wherefore they sent out before to the Marquis offering to yeeld their Citty to King Ferdinand if hee were there in person wherefore the King made hast and the Citty submitted vnto him on condition that their liues liberties and goods might bee saued with promise to liue in their religion in the next townes or else where they should thinke good Garcy Laso de la Vega Maister of the Kings Hall was made Gouernor of Vera. Diuers others strong townes and castles on those marches beeing mooued by the reports of the Kings clemency and fearing likewise their great power sent their Alfaquins or wise Councellors and deputies Places yeelded to the King and Queene of Castile to offer them obedience and tribute as they were accustomed to pay to the Moore Kings and namely the two Velez the white and the redde Muxicar Cueuas Telefique Huescar and Porchena Tabara Alborca Serena Torilla Monjacar Tabernas and Benamaruel the inhabitants of which places and diuers others made themselues Mudejares or vassals to king Ferdinand and Queene Isabell keeping their ceremonies and sect The Armie after this marched towards Almerie the which towne was then onely lookt vpon by certaine light skirmishes with the Moores of the garrison then part of the army marched on forward within the view of Baça where King Muley Boabdelin was then in person who came forth with certaine troopes of
horse and foote and made a great skirmish where D. Phillip of Nauarre and Arragon dyed who was maister of Monteza nephew to the King and sonne to Prince Don Charles of Viana by vs oftentimes heretofore mentioned with other men of note the which caused the Christians to make their retreate who were insolently pursued in the Rere by the Moores who notwithstanding were afterward beaten back by the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia King Ferdinand leauing for that time Almerie and Baça two strong places marched towards Huescar which yeelded and Don Rodrigo Manrique was made Gouernor thereof Whilest the warre continued in these quarters Iniury done to one of the kings Receiuers of his money and punishment of the offenders the Captaine of Alua de Tormes and the gouernor of the Duke of Aluas lands did Bastonado one of the Kings Collectors of his rents which the King hauing notice of the Licentiate Lewis de Polanco Prouost of the Court was sent thither to doe Iustice therevpon who tooke the Captaine of Alua in his owne Castle and caused him to bee hanged in the same place where hee had done the deed As for the Gouernour of the Countrey hee was brought to the Chancery at Valiodolit and there condemned to haue his hand stricken off and to bee for euer banished out of the Kings dominions In the which place of Valiodolit the Court came and wintered Moneys there was an Edict made concerning the moneys that the siluer coyne should bee thence-forth made of the same sterling as that of Paris It was enacted not long before in Portugall to coyne certaine kindes of gold of two and twenty Carates Portugal of the golden mine of Guiney and likewise certaine siluer money called Twenties of the worth of twenty Res which were equiualent to the Marauedis of Castile for thirty six Res were at that time worth a Real as thirty sixe Marauedis in Castile and Nauar The affaires of which kingdome since the execution of the Lords made by King Iohn were quiet and peaceable for euery one seeing that hee had not spared his owne bloud kept himselfe still and this King was not onely reuerenced in Portugall but likewise in Affricke where hee possessed much land in so much as the Moores of Azamor who had beene in times past vnder the subiection of Portugall and were now reuolted did againe this yeare submit themselues vnto it about which time he built the Fountaine at Setuball And hauing no businesses to hinder him hee went about to pursue new enterprises no lesse profitable for mankinde than honorable to the house of Portugall Hauing had the opinion and aduise of diuerse great personages skilfull in Cosmographie and all other Mathematicall sciences and especially good Marriners hee sent away Bartholmew Dias with a certaine religious Frier named Anthony inioyning them to coast the shoares of Affrick of the Ocean sea Nauigaâ—ions of the Portugals into the Ocean sea pursued by the commandement of King Iohn till they could bee able to relate vnto him how farre that land stretched and how the voyage which hee conceiued in his owne vnderstanding might bee made by the South into the East to the countreys and Islands where the spices growe Bartholomew Dias and the Fryer arriued at the Cape of Bonasperanza or good hope which is the farthest stretched out point of Affricke beyond the Equinoctiall winter Tropick Cape de bona Speranza and doubling againe the East Riuer of the Infant they came to the mouth of the Iland termed by them of the Infant which is a hundred and fifty leagues farther then the Cape of good hope There Fryer Anthonie with the consent of Bartholmew Dias landed and trauailed with such turnings vp and downe this vnknowne world Friev Anthonies long and dangerous iourney as hee brought himselfe with great labour and danger as it is credible into Palestine to the Citty of Ierusalem taking a carefull note of all things Bartholmew Dias returned by sea into Portugall the same way hee came and informed the King of all that hee had seene or knowne of the shoares and sea coasts as Fryer Anthony did the like of his land voyage beeing returned a good while after the which encreased King Iohns desire to execute his praise-worthy enterprise esteeming and not without reason that by the knowledge and practise of that Nauigation great profit might redound to his kingdome Now the better to vnderstand the costs and charges of this trafficke for Spices brought from the Islands of the Moluccoes and to bee able to reckon what the commoditie thereof might come to following the passage of the Ocean sea hee sent Pedro de Couanilla and Alphonso de Payua into the East King Iohns dilligence to learne the voyage to the East by the Ocean sea and the Island of Moluccoes who were wise and discreete persons and very skilfull in the Arabian tongue to bring him word of the traffick of these countries Hauing then furnished them with money credit and other necessaries for so long a voyage they went to Naples and from thence by Rhodes to Ierusalem from whence they passed by Alexandria to Caire then they went to Aden to Ormuz and at last came to Calicut and other places of the Indies carrying with them for their conduct a Carde or Compasse made by the licenciate Calsadilla Bishop of Viseo the Doctor Rodrigue Pero d' Alcaçaba and Moyses a Iew who had drawne it after the description of Martin of Boheme the great Mathematician taking information of all the parts of Ethiopia Arabia Persia and of the Indies where there is any trafficke faires or assemblies of people Alphonso Payua died in this voyage Pedro de Couanilla was deteined by Prester Iohn Emperour of Ethiopia so as the King could haue no relation from any of them concerning their voyage yet Couanilla found meanes to write a discourse of what hee had learned and sent it afterward to the King by one Rabi Abraham and Ioseph de Lamego who hauing beene already in Persia were sent backe againe by King Iohn to heere some newes of the said Pedro de Couanilla This discourse did whet on the Kings desire to effect this voyage for the which purpose he did arme certaine Carauels this yeere 1488. at the same time the marriage of his sonne Prince Alphonso and the Infanta Isabella eldest daughter to the King of Castile whereof mention was made in the treaty of peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall was wholy agreed vpon albeit the Prince was then but thirteene yeeres of age For the charges of which marriage the Estates of the Kingdome gaue to King Iohn the sum of a hundred thousand golden crusadoes at which time the King being desirous to aduance to wealth and honor D. Pedro de Meneses Earle of Villareal and Lord of Almeyda beeing at Beja he created him Marquis of Villareal and Earle of Oren. There came now into Castile a great Ambassage from Maximillian of Austria
for which the King and Queene depriued them of their offices and placed others therein they that were disposed were D. Alphonso de Valdiuiesso Bishop of Leon who was president and Doctor Martin â— Auila the Licenciat Cinchilla Doctor Cano and Doctor Olmedilla Auditors In their roomes were placed Doctor Iohn Arias del Villar Bishop of Oâ—iedo for President Subsidy raised vpoÌ„ the Iewes the Licenciat de Villena Doctor de Palacios the Licenciate Ville-Muriell the Licenciate Palacios Rubias and Doctor de Villoucla Auditors The Iewes did also grant a generall subsidy to the Kings which was the last subsidy raised vpon that sect for soone after they were all driuen forth of Spaine The King and Queene hauing begunne to take the best order they could for the gouernment of the new conquered Prouinces 1492. in the month of March this yeere 1492. they came to Cordoua to intend the affaires of the rest of the Kingdome there they made a statute whereby all gentlemen of the Kingdomes and Lordships subiect to the crowne of Castile and Arragon Statute of Cordoua for the Nâ—bility were enioyned to come and make proofe of their pedigrees and nobility and because it was made at Cordoua it was called the statute or law of Cordoua Whilest the King and Queene were busied in the warres and seege of Granado the ioy and feasts in Portugall were sodainely turned into teares and lamentations Portugal the marriage betwixt Alphonso of Portugall and D. Isabella of Castile being celebrated with great magnificence at Ebora and the feasts and triumphes continuing at Saint Iren whether the new married couple were gonne to auoide the great heate the Prince on an Euening accompanying the King his father and beeing mounted vpon a very ready and swift horse would needs runne a race against an other horse whereon Don Iohn de Menezes Commander of Algezier did ride but the Commander excused the matter by reason it was late and almost night the Prince commanded a Mule to bee brought vnto him and in the getting vp the stirrop brake wherefore hee tooke his former horse and continuing in his determination to runne he tooke the Commander by the hand A pittiful accident hapned to Prince Alphonso of Portugal and giuing spurres to his horse hee constrained him to runne the race with him but the mishap was that the Princes horse stumbling at the races end ouer-threw his rider vnder him and did so bruze him as hee lay speechlesse and almost dead vpon the ground The King and all the standers by being very sorrowfull caused him to bee carried to the next cottage which was a fisher-mans where the Princesses the mother and the daughter in law hauing vnderstood this pittifull accident did come on foote where finding this poore Prince in such state as for no speech nor any thing else that cold be said or don he did make any sign or shew of vnderstanding ought They did all melt into teares Prince Alphonso diâ—s vttering forth very strang cries and lamentations Great and sundry were the dilligences and remedies though superfluous which the Physitions and Surgions vsed for his recouery the Physitions telling the King that his sonnes end drew nere he brought the Queene and the Princesse to the houses of Vasco Pallas which are vpon the riuer of Tayo and the Prince died seuen and twenty houres after the accident who was lamented and bewailed by all men for the great hope and expectation which he gaue of himselfe in those young yeeres hauing hardly attained to seuenteene yeeres of age and that which did more encrease the sorrow was that he left the Princesse Isabell a widdow euen almost as soone as shee had beene a wife for they had not beene married fully eight monthes Princesse Isabels lamentation The Princes body was laied in a herse and carried to the Monastery of battaile The Princesse in token of sorrow did cut off her heire and clothed her selfe in garments befitting her griefe and hauing remained fifteene daies in the house of Vasco Pallos shee went to the Kings pallace one euening without any light where the King Queene and shee kept themselues shut vp a long time giuing themselues to much ouer to griefe and forgetting the health of their owne persons and being in this estate they were visited and comforted on the Kings of Castiles part After this manner King Iohns Court remained desolate and it may bee that God caused this losse to fall vpon him for ouer hastily destroying the great houses of his owne Kingdome especially that of his Aunt D. Beatrice Dutchesse of Viseo whose sonne D. Dominigo a Prince of his bloud hee had slaine with his owne hand The obsequies and funeralls being ended where the King and the great Lords and Ladies of the Realme were present Queene Elenor and the Princesse Isabell excepted shee being sorrowfull and a widdow was brought backe into Castile the same time King Fernand and Queene Isabell were about Granado in the New towne of Saint Foy which they builded King Iohn being in this anguish went backe to Lisbone where this yeere 1492. the two Maisterships of Saint Iames and Auis fell to his sonne D. George for whose gouernor hee appointed D Diego Almeyda sonne to the Earle of Abrantes The end of the three and twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FOVRE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 CHristopher Columbus his first voyage to the Indies 2. Arigorous Edict against the Iewes and Moores 3. King Fernand is hurt at Barcelona Polliticke affaires of Spayne 4. Christopher Columbus returnes backe Good and euill which the world hath receiued by the discouerie of the Westerne Indies The Pope giues those new lands to the Kings of of Castile Columbus his second voyage 5. The Master-ship of S. Iames in the hands of King Fernand as perpetuall Administratour thereof Charles the eight of that name the French King restores the Earledome of Rossillon to King Fernand with other polliticke affaires 6. Order concerning the Spaniards and Portugals nauigations 7. The Master-ship of Alcantara in the hands of King Fernand as perpetuall Administrator thereof the Chancery of Granado and of the country beyond Tejo 8. Originall of the warres betwixt France and Spaine 9. Don Pero Gonçal of Mendoza Cardinall of Spaine dyes Friar Francis Ximenes of Cisneros is promoted to the Archbishoppricke of Toledo 10. Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre Coronation of King Iohn of Albret and Queene Catherine which was the last in that Kingdome pursuites against the Earle of Lerin 11. VVarre of Naples noble exploites of Gonçalo Fernandes of Cordoua surnamed the great Captaine 12. The Houses of Austria and Spaine allyed together by marriage 13. VVarre in the Earledome of Rossillon 14. The third voyage of Christopher Columbus to the Indies Enterprises vpon the Affricane Moores 15. Don Manuel first of that name and 14. King of Portugal his qualities and vertues c. Edict against the Iewes 16. Vasco
attended the affaires of his kingdome but his minde was aboue all other matters set on this nauigation the which hee did set downe according to the opinions which hee had receiued from diuerse places which did confirme and verifie the discourse which Pedro de Cobanilla had sent him who remained in Prester Iohns Countrey Emperour of Aethiopia from whence there arriued at Lisbone a little before the Kings death a learned and discreete Monke who informed the king more particularly of diuers matters which serued afterwards to great purpose Now king Iohn feeling himselfe neere his end made his Will and hauing no lawfull children hee knew that the kingdome was to fall to Don Manuell Duke of Beja Hee was therefore desirous to giue Don George his base sonne a portion vnto whome hee gaue the Cittie of Coimbra with the title of Duke and Montmajor the old and the lands of the Infantasgo in the same forme as his Grandfather the Infant Don Pedro father to Queen Izabella his mother had possessed them hee gaue him moreouer the Isle of Madera Beja and Viseo which was not performed afterward This will and Testament was signed by Don Manuel and D. George and by fiue other personages of great place who made vp the number of seuen witnesses After this hee went into Algarbe to the Bathes of Monchiz in the moneth of October the season beeing cold and vnfit for his disease and hunting the wild Bore vppon a wet rainie day hee got a fluxe Wherefore as soone as he came to Albor assured tokens of death beganne to appeare vpon him wherof he was admonished by D. Diego Ortiz Bishop of Tanger and Don Diego Almeyda Prior of Saint Iohns who was Gouernour to Don George then disposing himselfe to dye hee appoynted certaine things out of a little Booke to be read and accomplished at such time as he was readie to giue vp the ghost First hee craued pardon of the Dutchesse Donna Beatrix his mother-in-law of Queene Leonora his wife and of the Cardinal Don George of Acosta who then was at Rome he likewise craued pardon of the whole Estates of his Kingdome in generall And to the end that his sonne Don George should not grieue and trouble his mind hee caused him to bee ledde foorth of his chamber and there stood round about his bed Don George of Almeyda Bishop of Coimbra and his brother Don Diego of Almeyda Prior of Saint Iohns Don Iohn de Silua Bishop of Silues Don Diego Ortiz Bishop of Tanger and Don Iohn de Vasconcellos Earle of Penela with certaine Chaplens who exhorted him for his soules health In this manner this King died hauing held the scepter of Portugall foureteene yeares and two moneths in the yeare 1495. and in the sixe and fortieth of his age Death of king Iohn of Portugal his bodie by his owne appointment was layd in the Cathedrall church of Silues and was afterwards transported by the commaundement of the King his successor to the Monasterie of Battaile 1495. beeing the last king that was buried there and it is reported that yet to this day his bodie lyes whole and vnconsumed He was an excellent King and esteemed to be so by the other Princes of Christendome Returning to the affaires of Castile King Ferdinand and Queene Izabella departing from Tordesillas Castile went to Areualo to visite the old Queene Izabella mother to Queene Izabella then raigning from whence they came to Segouia and afterward to Madrid where by the aduice of their Councell it was decreed that the king should take the Master-ship of Alcantara into his owne hands as well as those of Saint Iames and Calatraua for to be perpetuall Administrator thereof and to the end that there might bee no more masters in Castile then the King and Queene the which was approued by authoritie Apostolicall Don Iohn of Estuniga beeing bereft of his Mastership was otherwaies recompenced This yeare also the new Chancerie and royall audience at Cité reall was erected for pleas and causes depending beyond Tayo this riuer separating the bounds of the two Chanceries namely of this and of that at Vailiodolit from this Spring in the mountaine of Cuenca where it enters into the lands of Portugall Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Catania and afterwards of Auilla was the first President thereof Now the King and Queene had sent some few dayes before Antonio Fonseca Ambassadour to the French king Charles the eight to the end to diuer him from the warre of Naples enterprized against King Alphonso their Newphew and to declare plainely to him now that they had gotten the Earledome of Rossillon their meaning And king Charles beeing alreadie come into Italy with a mightie armie the Ambassadour metre him at Vilitri neere to Rome where he deliuered his Ambassage and did protest notwithstanding the agreement and promises made at the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon that if he did persist to poursue by armes his pretended right to the kingdome of Naples king Fernand his master could do no lesse then shew himselfe his enemie and take vpon him his Nephewes defence and therefore he entreated him to thinke of it and to referre all their differences to the Popes iudgement who could very well iudge whither the kingdome of Naples did belong to the French or to the Arragonois The Ambassador wold haue sayd more but he was interrupted in his speech by certain hotte and fierie French Lords who made him hold his peace and told him that he spake too arrogantly and impertinently Peace betwixt Fâ—ance and Castile broken therefore the Ambassador following his instruction tooke the Articles of the last agreement betwixt King Charles and King Ferdinand which he brought with him and tare them in peeces in the presence of the King Lords and Knights of his Armie and hee warned at the same instant Charles de Areillan and Iohn Petit Ceruillon Spanish Captaines who serued in King Charles his Armie that as subiects to King Ferdinand they should depart thence within three dayes and giue ouer the French Kings seruice on paine of being held rebels to their Prince From the same time was the friendship betwixt those two Kings broken and warre in a manner denounced King Charles pursued his destenie and without any difficulty made himselfe maister of the Realme of Naples King Alphonso before hee had fully raigned a yeare hauing giuen ouer the kingdome to his sonne Ferdinand went into Sicill and there ledde a monastick life but not long after the Kings of Castile beeing at Tortosa in Cattalonia did openly and by effect declare themselues enemies to the French as well for feare least they being already Maisters of Naples should seaze vpon Sicill where they pretended like right as also at the entreaty of Pope Alexander and other Potentates of Italy being in the same feare of their owne estates and would not permit the power of the French to grow so great in Italy therefore they set forth a Nauie of
Galleys and other ships with fiue thousand Spanish footmen and sixe hundred horse vnder the conduct of Gonçalo Hernandes of Cordoua the which forces departing from Carthagena arriued safely in the Porte of Messina this yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and fiue making a shew as if they would haue succoured the new King Ferdinand driuen from Naples These troopes of Spaniards among other memorable matters brought the great Pockes into Italy The Great Pocks in Italy wherewith they of the countrey were soone possessed and did communicate it to the French men which were scattered heere and there in the kingdome of Naples and they afterward brought it on this side the Mounts and did distribute it to their neighbour nations so as this disease beeing indeed of India was called the Spanish Neapolitan and French disease according to the next subiect where it was discouered and from whence the contagion was perceiued to come About the same time in the Citty of Guadalajara dyed Don Pero Gonçales de Mendoza Cardinall Death of the Cardinall Don Pero Gonsall de Mendosa and Primat of Spaine and Gotike France Archbishop of Toledo Patriarke of Alexandria and Bishop of Siguença such were his titles who beeing visited in his sicknesse by the Kings and being demanded whom hee thought worthy to succeed him in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee named Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros the Queenes Confessor Prouinciall of the order of Saint Francis in the Prouince of Toledo This Cardinall had a singular affection to holy Crosse who besides that it was his hap to haue the holy Crosse in Ierusalem for the title of his Cardinalship hee builded a Colledge at Valiodolit and an hospitall at Toledo neere the place of Codebecer called Holy Crosse Pilats original title set on the crosse of our Sauiour kept for a relicâ— in Rome hee re-edified the Church of Santa Cruz at Rome where they say the originall title written by Pilate on our Sauiours Crosse in Greeke Hebrew and Latin was found in an vnfitte place the which remaines as a famous relique in that Church Besides it is reported that beeing neere his end a great white Crosse of more then forty Cubits length appeared ouer the house where he lay sick which beeing reported to him he did reioyce and hauing caused a Masse of the Holy Crosse to be said hee gaue vp the ghost these things are written for wonders by the Spaniards his body lies buried in the chiefe chappell of the Church of Toledo in a sumptuous Marble monument As concerning Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros his successor in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee was sonne to a solicitor of causes in the towne of Tordelaguna called Alphonso Ximenes his first rising was to the Arch-priesthood of Vzeda and hee was great Chaplaine of Siguença and the lxxi in the order of the Archbishops and hee was afterward created Cardinall by Pope Alexander the sixt of the title of Saint Balbine but D. Bernardin de Caruajall Bishop of Carthagena was preferred before him to the dignity of a Cardinall by the title of Santa Cruz in Ierusalem and was likewise admitted to the Bishoprick of Siguença vacant by the Cardinals death and at the last obtained that of Playsance Frier Diego de Deça of the order of Friers Preachers Schoole-maister to Prince Iohn of Castile was likewise made Bishop of Salamanca The affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre since the time that Alain of Albret came to Valencia to King Fernand The last Coronation at Nauarre were peaceable but the kingdome of Nauarre was still vexed by the factions those of Beaumont had euer for their chief the Constable Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin those of Grammont ioyned themselues with the Lord of Abenas Viceroy and Gouernour of the Countrey waiting with great desire for the comming of King Iohn and Queene Catherine vnto whom they protested all obedience Now the great affaires which these Princes had on this side the mountaines detayned them a long time there for besides that they were in no sort fauoured by Charles the eight the poursuites of their vnkle Iohn Vicount of Narbonne had continually disquieted them vntill the yeare 1493. that they fell to agreement with him and to secure the countries of Foix and Bearne in their absence from his surprizes and vsurpations they had made ouer to him the townes of Sauardun Maseres Monthault and Gibel This Vicount was a widower by the death of Donna Marie of Orleance sister to Lewis the French King who left him two children namely Gaston who was duke of Nemours and Germaine which was afterward wife to King Fernand of Arragon after Queene Isabella's death Hauing then contented the Vicount and king Charles busied in his iourney to Naples Iohn Lord of Albret and Queene Catherine his wife went into Nauarre leading with them great troupes of souldiers for feare lest the Constable should rebell who held the cittie of Pampelona in such sort at his commaund as he disposed of all matters there as if he had beene King and when the Princes came to the gates thereof their entrance was denyed and they were constrayned to lodge at Egues where they remayned certaine dayes vntill the Constable and his Faction were pleased to giue them entrance In that Cittie were the Estates assembled and the King and Queene were crowned with the vsuall ceremonies in the presence of diuers Prelats Knights and the Ambassadors of diuers Princes It was the last Coronation which was made in Nauarre in our time for this kingdome beeing soone after in the Kings of Castiles possession they would no longer continue such ceremonies beeing content to receiue the oath of the Estates after the manner of Spaine The titles of King Iohn and Queene Catherine of Nauarre were Kings of Nauarre Dukes of Nemours Gandia Momblanc and Pegnafiell Earles of Foix and Lords of Bearne Earles of Bigorre Ribagorça Pontieure and Petigort Vicounts of Limoges Peeres of France and Lords of the cittie of Balaguer The yeare 1494. Caesar Borgia Câ—sar Borgia Cardinal Bishop of Pampelona who was after Duke Valentinois Cardinall and sonne to Pope Alexander the sixt did by his procurators take possession of the perpetuall administration of the Church of Pampelona by the decease of Don Alphonso Carillo the Bishop and by the grant of the Pope his father and the yeare following 1495. Princesse Magdalen of France dyed who was mother to Queene Catherine in the same cittie of Pampelona who accompanied her daughter to her coronation and had euer vertuously employed her selfe about the conseruation of her childrens estates for the space of fiue and twentie yeares all which time she had liued in holy widow hood her bodie lies buried in the great Chappell of the Cathedrall church of the same cittie About that time Queene Katherine visited the King and Queene of Castile at Alfaro by whome she was greatly honoured and welcommed as befitted so great a Princesse and we reade of none other occasion of
the Constable the Earle of Lerin was forbidden to come into the castle It is reported that King Fernand King Fernand desirous to get the Kingdome of Nauarre caused the King of Nauarre to bee sounded whether he thought well of the exchange which hee desired to make with the Earle of Lerin of the lands which he possessed in his Kingdome for other recompence in Castile and that hee would giue King Iohn d' Albret a good summe of money A man should neuer exchang lands for money if hee would consent that those lands should remaine to Castile who notwithstanding the euill will that he did beare to the Earle of Lerin vttered his opinion concerning it which was that a man should neuer exchange lands and reuenues for money King Iohn d' Albret got no other matter by this iourney but good cheere and diuers presents of rich plate hangings horse iewels and other such like things wherefore hee returned into his Realme of Nauarre leauing the matters hee went for vn-effected The Earle of Lerin Constable of Nauarre beeing at that meeting reconciled to him did follow him and staied in Nauarre certaine monthes in good quiet We haue made mention how that Cardinall Caesar Borgia sonne to Pope Alexander had the Bishoprike of Pampelona in nature of perpetuall administrator thereof hee resigned the same to the Cardinall of Saint Praxede Caesar Borgia made Duke Valentinois he laide aside likewise his Cardinals hat and followed the warres wherevnto he was more inclined then to Church matters and was made by his father Duke of the country called in old time Flaminia and Gonfaloner and captaine Generall of the Church this was the Duke Valentinois In these daies beganne the warre which in processe of time did subiect the state of Milan vnder the dominion of the Kings of Castile King Lewis the twelfth Castile of the house of Orleance pretending that the right of that Duchy belonged vnto him as the proper inheritance of the Duchesse Valentine his grand-mother lawfull daughter to Duke Iohn Galeas Viscont and heire to her two brother Iohn Maria and Philip successiue Dukes on after an other VVars of the French against Lewis Sforza who died without children hee gaue ouer all thought of the conquest of Naples the right of the house of Aniou and turned his forces against the Duke then raigning Lewis Sforza vsurper of that state whereat not onely the Potentates of Italy hating the French dominion were discontented but they drew the Spanish forces to the defense of Prince Sforza wherein chiefely King Frederike of Naples imployed himselfe soliciting King Fernand and Queene Isabella by continuall messengers and letters to oppose themselues by all meanes against the greatnesse of the French in Italy who if they should obtaine the Duchy of Milan hee did assure them that they would passe on to Naples and after that into Sicile which was their antient right Therefore it was concluded in the counsell of Castile to send backe Don Gonçal Hernandes the great captaine who tooke shipping at Malaga the eight of Iuly this yeere 1500. and led into Italy eight thousand foot and twelue hundred horse where beeing arriued to auoide idlenesse hee went ouer with his army into the Isle of Zante in old time Zacinthium in the Illiri an sea to the end to aide the Venetians oppressed by the Turkes army which had taken from them Modon Coron Crisse and Pila in Morea and the Island of Cephalonia in which the Spanish army ioyned to the Venetian commanded by Benedetto Pezaro did land and there behaued themselues so valiantly as they brought againe that Island vnder the Venetians power the army of the Turke Bajazet then reigning being gonne to Constantinople The Venetians in acknowledgement of which seruice did honour the great captaine with the title and priuiledge of a Gentleman of their commonwealth a thing rarely granted by them vnto strangers who brought backe his army victorious to Messina wayting for an occasion to employ it to the preiudice of the French During these stirres the Court being at Granado there died the Prince Don Michel heire to these Kingdomes Portugal to the great griefe of the Kings of Castile his grand-father and grand-mother and of King Manuell his father hauing not exceeded the age of two yeeres who lies buried in the chappell of the Kings since then builded in the same City By his deceaâ—e the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip had right to the succession of these great Estates and so consequently the lotte fell vpon her sonne Charles borne on Saint Mathias daie D. Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip presumptiue heire of Castile and Arragon as Queene Isabella had fore-told the Archduke and Donna Ioane his wife beeing called vpon that occasion prepared themselues for their iourney into Spaine The same yeere died Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoza second Duke of Infantasgo who was buried in the Conuent of Saint Francis at Guadalajara King Manuel being a widdower and without children contracted marriage with the other sister of his deceased Queene named Donna Marie third daughter to the King and Queene of Castile by whom he had many children as hath beene heretofore declared The new Queene of Portugal departed from Granado in the monthes of September this yeere 1500. and was conducted to the King her husband by D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza Archbishop of Siuill and Patriarke of Alexandria who was afterward Cardinall with diuers other Lords and Knights The conuersion of the Moores of the Kingdome of Granado Castile begunne by King Fernand and Queene Isabel was so greatly by them desired as they would not depart out of that country till they had brought it to such passe as they intended The Moores persecuted in Spaine to cause them to turne to Christian religion the Moores on the other side not being instructed and seeing diuers contempts of religion and infinite euill examples amongst the Prelats and in all the Ecclesiasticall Hierarchy of the Christians they thought it a strang matter to be enforced to change their religion the which they thought to be holy and that they should so perfidiously breake the agreements and promises vpon which they had yeelded themselues to the Kings of Castile wherefore they made all the resistance possible Neuerthelesse the inhabitants of Las Alpuxarras those of the cities of Almerie Guadix and Baça did in some sort fashion themselues to the Kings religion but those of Benefique Nixar and Guijar ranne to armes and resolued rather to die then to bee so euill intreated wherefore they were constrained to send an army thither Cruel execution of the Moores at Benifique Nixar c. by which those townes were taken by force and cruell slaughter made of the inhabitants namely after the fury of the fight the Kings caused all the male children which were of age to beare armes to be executed by law and as for the women they were all sold for slaues
D. Ferdinand gouernour of them for the Queene D. Ioane her daughter whereupon hee desired to know their opinions Reformation of king Ferdinands testameâ—â— by the aduice of some of his councell if hee had not done well These three men zealous of the good of those realmes told him freely that in so doing he had not prouided for the peace and quiet of the realmes wherefore he should call backe that article and name prince Charles gouernour of them as Lawe and Iustice required shewing him the great inconueniences which might happen if haply the Infant D. Ferdinand finding himselfe feiled of so great Estates should seeke to hold them such thoughts being easie to breede in the hearts of princes The king yeelded to this Councell and reformed his Will in that point in regard of Castille and that which is incorporated vnto it As for Arragon and Sicile hee left the gouernement to his base sonne D. Alphonso archbishop of Saragosse and vntil that prince Charles came he appointed gouernor in his absence by the aduice of this Councell Cardinall Francis Ximenes of Cisneros saying that he knew him to be an honest man and wel affected fashioned and aduanced by him and by the Q. D. Isabella one who had no great aliances had alwayes shewed himselfe a faithfull seruant As for the realm of Naples he confirmed the gouernment with the same condition to the viceroy D. Raymond of Cardone in Nauar there had bin viceroy D. Frederic d' Acugna commaÌ„der of Montemolin of the order of S. Iames brother to the erle of Buendia Some few dayes before he had obtayned from Pope Leo a new prouision in his owne person of the three masterships of Castille Saint Iames Calatraua and Alcantara the which he desired to resigne to the Infant D. Ferdinand whom hee loued deerely but hee was in like manner persuaded not to doe it for hee should remember of what importance in former times one of those masterships had bin in the person of a priuat man to trouble the realme and therefore hee must thinke that if all these were ioyned in one and he of the bloud royall hee equalling without doubt the kings power might cause greater alterations whereupon the king demaunding What then shall the Infant do remayning so poore It is answered his Councellours the best and goodliest inheritance that you can leaue him for finding himselfe poore it wil giue him occasion to seek the loue of prince Charles his brother who will aduannce him These things pleased the king who gaue vnto the Infant D. Ferdinand 50000 ducats of yerely rent vpon Brindes Tarentum Infant D. Ferdinand ill appâ—inted and other places in Apulia in the realme of Naples by the aduice of the same councellors Out of the reuenues of the realm of Sicile he left vnto his wife Q. Germaine thirtie thousand florins of gold of yearely rent the which was afterwards assigned in Castille vpon the townes of Arcualo Maâ—rigal and Olmedo hee left moreouer vnto her tenne thousand ducats in the realme of Naples These Ordinaunces in forme of a testament were written by the hand of one of the aboue named Councellours reuoking that which hee had made at Burgos all beeing done in great secret to the end that nothing might come to the knowledge of the Infant D. Ferdinand who was then at Guadalupe nor of his Gouernours and Ministers who did hope to mannage the realme after the Kings decease The will beeing written out faire it was receiued by the Prothonotarie Clement of Velasco The Queene D. Germaine hauing notice of the extremitie of the Kings infirmitie at Calataiub whereas the estates of Arragon were held shee came with all speed to Madrigalejo and was at his death which was on the three and twentieth of Ianuary one thousand fiue hundred and sixteene being three score and three yeares old and hauing raigned one and forty yeeres one moneth and nine dayes Death of king Ferdinand king of Arragon comprehending the time that king D. Philip of Austria raigned The Kings Councell and the Noblemen beeing assembled they resolued to send to the embassadour Adrian who attended the king at Guadalâ—pe wherefore Doctor Caruajal and the Licenciat Vargas were sent vnto him who brought him to Madrigalejo where in his presence the kings will was opened and read whereof they gaue a copie to the embassador at his request Afterwards by the aduice of them all D. Bernard of Rojas marquesse of Denia and the licenciate Ronquillo Alcaidâ—or prouost of the Court did accompanie the Kings bodie to Granado and the other Noblemen went to Infant D. Ferdinand at Guadalupe where the funerall was made with royall pompe and ceremonies The body passing by the citie of Cordoua there ioyned with it D. Martin of Angulo bishoppe of that citie the marquesse of Priego the earle of Cabra with other Lords and Knights which did accompany it vnto Granado where with the state woorthy of such a prince hee was interred in the chappell of Kings by Queene Isabell his wife whose bodie had beene left in the Alhaâ—bre of that citie A little before the kings death Iohn Dyas de Solis of Lebrixa chiefe Pilot to the king Indies parted from the port of Lepe with three shippes armed to goe and discouer countries in the new world vnder the equinoctial where hee had already beene and found out the great riuer of Panaraguasa which hee had named the riuer of Plata or of Siluer where beeing arriued and entred hee landed with fiftie Spaniards thinking to 〈◊〉 all things quiet as hee had at the other time but hee found himselfe surprized and charged by a multitude of Indians who slew him and all them that had landed with him Spaniards slain is the riuer of Plata by the Indians and eate them the rest which kept the shippes being terrified weighed anchor and returned into Spaine laden with bresill and white ansine which they vse for dying 15 D. Manuel king of Portugall had alwayes continued his nauigations and discoueries at the East with good successe and profit Portugall and imitating the example of the king of Castille hee prest the African Moores his neighbors vpon the westerne shoare from whom hee tooke the towne of Zasin Exploits of king Manuell in Afrike by the meanes of Nugno Fernandes of Ataide who was the first Gouernour and afterwards hauing sent Iames Duke of Bragance his nephew with two thousand horse and fifteene thousand foote who landing at Marzagan did assaile and take the towne of Azamon beeing abandoned by the Moores and soone after Almedina yeelded with other places of that territorie in which expeditions the Duke of Bragance purchased so great same Bragance a terroâ—r to the Moores as at this day the name of Bragance is a terror to the Moores To supply the charges of this war conquests the King D. Manuel hauing emptied his cofers he obtained from Pope Leo by his embassadours Triâ—â—an of Acugna and doctor
then to his sonne after his death but the Cardinal had newly by the aduice of king Charles giuen that place with Olmedo Madrigal and Sancta Maria de Nieua with their reuenues vnto queen Germaine widow to king Ferdinand in exchange of 30000 ducats of rent which the king her husband had left her by his wil to be taken out of the reuenues of Naples wherupon Velasques seeing himself put from the possession of the Castle of Areualo which he did think should haue bin perpetual he durst presume to hold it by force being prest therunto by D. Maria of Velasco his wife who was at that times as much hated of Q. Germaine as shee had beene formerly beloued and fauoured by her besides that many noblemen desiring to see Velasques aduanced either for loue or for aliance that was betwixt them not greatly affecting queen Germaine they incouraged him to commit this insolency promising him aide at all euents but such promises are most commonly vaine defectiue when as the soueraigne magistrate pursues his right euery man fearing when it comes to a matter of fact to incur the punishment of a rebell Against this purpose of Velasques the Cardinal after his accustomed maner vsed al mild courses causing the king to write kind letters vnto him and this preuailing little he afterwards added threats but he gaue more credit to his wife to the persuasions of the admirall the constable the earle of Benauent the duke of the Infantazgo others who enuied the cardinal of which the admirall shewed letters signed by them al promising that if the Cardinall attempted any thing against the town of Areualo they would send him succours therfore the Inhabitants should take courage to maintein themselues vnder the jurisdiction of the crown rather than to receiue a woman for their lady mistresse being assured that k. Charles being in the countrey he would like of their constancy and dispose otherwise of their affaires The inhabitants of Areualo being animated heereby they reiected all good Councell wherfore the Cardinal sent an Alcaide of the court thither with some souldiers to reduce them to their duties who summoned them by a trompet to obey the kings commandement else he would proceed against them with al rigour as rebels would make Velascos processe condemning him as a traitor which note shold passe to all his posterity would confiscate his goods These sommations being reiterated according to the forme of Iustice with solemnities and ceremonies Velasco seeing that neither the admirall nor the other noblemen which had promised him so much assistance did not make any offer to defend him he thought it better for him to yeeld vnto the Alcaide thē to attend the rigor of armes or the proceeding of justice wherfore hee dismist the souldiers which were in garrison in the Castle the which with the towne were deliuered vp vnto Alcaide Some daies after Velasques went to court submitted himselfe his affaires to the Cardinals pleasure who receiued him courteously promising him al assistance fauor to the king did comfort him for the great afflictions which he had suffered especially for the late death of his eldest son which grief did soon bring him to his end at Madrid although some did say that he was poisoned These things done in fauour of the royall authority by Cardinall Ximenes he found meanes to maintaine them of Areualo Olmedo in their priuiledges and liberties to keep them from comming into the power of Q. Germaine whom he did not loue for that he saw himself contemned by her that she did incline to the party of the Infant D. Ferdinand of his gouernors who were opposite vnto him wherupon he did write vnto king Charles in Flanders shewing him by old new examples how much it did import for the safety of Castille that Areualo Olmedo places of strength and fit to trouble the realm should remain vnited to the crown not be in the possession of any priuat lord obiecting that which D. Iohn king of Nauarre Arragō had attempted by the opportunity of those two places against D. Iohn 2 king of Castille saying moreouer that Q. Germain had cause content her self with the large reuenues of Madrigal alone wherwith she had bin satisfied before the troubles of Areualo That if he had supprest the inhabitants Velasques it was more to teach them to obey the kings commandement than for that he thought it expedient that place should bee giuen to the queene to whom he had granted it before hee was truely aduertised of the estate of her affaires adding to his letters a copy of the priuiledges granted by auncient kings to the townes of Areualo and Olmedo wherfore hee did easily obtaine from the kings that which hee pretended at the least hee kept these townes in their liberty and caused the matter to be deferred vntill his comming 23 The pitiful estate of D. Ioane queen of Castille Estate of queen Ioan of Castille mother to king Charles did much trouble the Cardinall Ximenes being afflicted with a miserable infirmity for this princesse was possest with a cruell melācholike humor so as she led a most lamentable life in the castle of Tordesillas wheras k. Ferdinand her father had lodged her a pleasant commodious place Lewis Ferrier of Valencia had charge of her being also captain of the castle of Tordesillas but he was vnfit for such a busines for whether by his slownes growing by reason of his age or throgh ignorance he could neuer get her to lodge in any pleasant and well ayred chamber of the castle but would alwaies lurke in darke and obscure places neere the ground fit to entertain and augment her malancholike humor she did abhorre soft and delicate beds and would lie vpon the ground and if she did lay herselfe vpon a board couered with a Carpet it was by great importunity it was not possible to make her weare a furred gowne in winter Ambition raigning in Queene Ioane nor any thing that was rich She was often three daies together without eating neither could the prayers nor persuasions of her Seruants preuaile any thing with her she often complained that she was kept like a prisoner and that they with-held her from the gouernment of affaires like a priuat person The Cardinall was much grieued for these things somewhat to remedie it holding for certaine that the negligence of Lewis Ferrier did feed the malice of her infirmity hee dismist him by reason of his great age putting in his place Ferdinand Duca called Strate of Talauera a man of a Noble family wise and well aduised who carried himselfe so discreetly in his charge as in a short time hee did moderate this violent humour in the Queene and got her to bee content to haue her chamber made cleane and many earthen dishes wherein they did commonly serue her to bee carried away for shee had an humor to make them
consider that all that hee spends comes out of the bowels of his people complaining greatly that in lesse than foure months that he had begunne to gouerne the realm king Charles had giuen away aboue eighteene millions of Marauidis Multitude of officers in the treasorie is hurtfull to the realm Aboue all things he held that a multitude of Collectors and receiuers and a great number of treasurers were verie pernitious and hurtfull to a state wherefore he desired that some man of a noble house diligent and expert were made superintendent of all the kings money whose charge should be to distribute the ordinarie expenses as need should require and to reserue the remainder to bee imployed in vnexpected affaires and in liberlities well imployed by king and vnder him such a number of deputies as should be necessarie He held that it was a great confusion in the managing of the treasure to inuert and imploy one kind of money to another vse than it had beene assigned of which rules he did continually aduertise the king his master by his letters and gaue an accompt of his gouernment shewing with how little charge in a small time that he had been his lieutenant in Castille he had effected great matters Hee had pacified the tumults in Andalusia repulst the French in Nauarre supprest the contempt and rebellion of the Malaquins held the frontiers wel manned clensed the sea from pyrats and assured the coast made an enterprize against Algeâ— freed Bugia Pegâ—on and Melille from feare and the assaults of Horusco Barberousse succoured Argille for the king of Portugal and with all discharged great debts which D. Ferdinand his grandfather did owe. That if he with a limited authority and for another amidest the enuy and crosses of his ill willers could effect such great matters by the means of sparing good husbandrie much more might he doe it who was a king and whose greatnes was without the touch of enuie 26 As for the expedition of Alger 1517 whereof hee makes mention in his letters it had not been verie happy Alger held by Horusco Barberousse it was after this maner Alger a sea towne which some hold to bee Cirte the chiefe of the realme of Iuba and Siphax but they are deceiued Others say it was the Colonie of Salde in Mauritania Cesariensis it was then in a maner tributarie to the Spaniards but it was much afflicted by the dissension of two brethren Moores who contended for the Seigneurie The inhabitants desirous to shake off this yoake had called Horusco Barberousse to defend their liberties who running along the coast of Afrike with his younger bother Haredin had beene lately repulst from Bugia a Spanish towne with the losse of an army about the death of king Ferdinand This famous Pyrat hauing thus seased vpon that citie coÌ„modious for theft Pyracies he made himself king of Alger hauing slaine Celim the lawfull prince and then hee began to spoile vpon the coast of Spaine and did not onely molest the Christians but he did tyrannize ouer the pety kings of Afrike of his owne sect so as hee vndertooke to pispossesse Albuzeuen king of Tunis whome hauing slaine hee pursued Iâ—hia his sonne so neere as hee forced him to leaue the countrie and to flie into Spaine where addressing himselfe vnto Cardinall Ximenes and relating his miserie vnto him he besought him that hee might recouer his auncestors realme The Cardinall hauing giuen him good hope caused men to bee leuied in Spaine and galleys and ships to bee made ready to passe into Afrike against this Pyrat Barberousse the charge of which army hee gaue to Diego Vera master of the ordnance a rash and indiscreet man but it was first refused by Ferdinand Andrado who excused himselfe holding it perilous to lead new men and vnexperienced such as the Cardinall ment to send to the warre The army of Diego Vera being about eight thousand men hauing weighed anchor they came neere vnto Alger in October The Moores being long before aduertised of this preparation which was made against them were ready to stop their landing and at all euents had manned the towne of Alger with good souldiers both of horse and foot among the which there were sixe hundred Turkish archers verie good souldiers whome Horusco had brought out of Asia for his ordinarie gard Diego Vera approaching neere the towne he diuided his armie into foure parts against the aduice of other Captaines the which was verie hurtful vnto him for the Barbarians were in all places stronger than the Assayants either in assault sallie or skirmish so as the Christian army was chased and dispearst with a horrible slaughter Diego Vera hauing abandoned all and hiding himselfe with his sonne a good part of the day among the rocks hee saued himselfe in the first vessell that he found at anchor and being returned into Spaine he was receiued of all men with â—aunts and scoffes the children singing songs in the streets to his dishonour and disgrace saying that Diego Vera was to weake to wrestle against Horusco who had but one arme with such like After which the Spaniards were neuer succesful in any enterprise against Alger The newes of this rout was brought to Cardinall Ximenes when as hee was disputing in an assembly of Diuines and they say that hauing read the letters hee shewed no signe of heauines but said onely that the Spanish army had beene defeated in Afrike but God be thanked the losse was not great for Spaine by this meanes should bee purged of a great number of lewd insolent companions whom hee had sent in this expedition remembring what king Ferdinand was wont to say that it was necessary after a time to send men out of the countrie to some foreine warre for it was like a poâ—ion of Rubarbe to a mans body which carried away all sharpe and cholericke humors hindering the sweet harmony of the whole constitution so did Pericles that famous captaine of the Athenians vse to doe and other men of worth hee made the losse lesse in certaine letters writen vnto the king saying that there were but a thousand of the whole army slaine and taken prisoners laying the whole blame vpon Diego Vera. 27 About that time and not farre from the warre of Alger Edict against the Genouois traffiking into Spaine there was a cruell edict made against the Genouois trafiquing in the towns and ports of Spain by the which they were commanded to void the country within a short space vpon pain of confiscation of their goods losse of their liues the cause was the error indiscretion of some aswell Spaniards as Genouois but the fault was chiefly in D. Berenguelo lord of Muscot a Cattellan commaunder of the Spanish gallies And thus it was there was a captaine of a brigantine or foist Cause of the Edict against the Genousois named Iohn Riue borne at Toledo who being not imployed in the kings seruice did steale at sea both from
in these things he recreated his spirits being charged with great affairs Finally he loued learning to heare the disputations of learned men oftentimes of yong scholers This prelat being well informed of the great profit which the world might draw from the knowledge of tongs he did intertain men that were learned in them to imploy theÌ„ in matters fit for his religious profession Bible printed in many tongues to the end the studious of the holy scripture might taft the word of God froÌ„ the original springs he caused the bible to be printed in many tongs that is the book of the old testament distinguished into 3 parts whereof the first contained the Hebâ—ue text the second the coÌ„mon translation into Latin which we vse the third the Greeke of the 70 Interpretors with his translation in Latin As for the new Testament it contained the Greek text the common translation in Latin very well corrected and in the end of the volume a dictionary of Hebrew words interpreted very ample copious a worke of great labour sumptuous and stately witnessing the greatnes of this cardinalls courage who was not danted with any difficulty Herein he vsed the care learning and iudgement of Demetrius CanÌ„diot Iohn of Vergara Men imployed to peruse the Bible Anthony Nebriâ—encis Lopes of Estunâ—ga Fernand of Vailledoâ—t worthy professors in the Greek and Latin tongs Alphonso of Alcala a phisition Paul Cornel and Alphonso Zamora learned men in the Hebrew tong These men were very careful to examine the old volumes that were most correct and approued of both testaments wherein they had no small help and ease by the library of the Vatican at Rome through the bounty of Pope Leo who refused not any thing to cardinall Ximenes The Latin explication of the translation of the 70 Interpreters was the worke of Demetrius of Fernand of Vailledoliâ— and of Alphonso of Estuniga assisted by some of their disciples learned men Iohn Vergara was also inuited and called by them to take part of this charge who interpreted some of those bookes which he was wont to call Sapientiales as Ecclesiasticus the which he could not finish as he desired by reason of his indisposition for hee had an intent to make large Annotations The Bible was begun by these men in the yeare 1502 who spent 15 whole yeares with great care and toile to turne ouer infinite volumes and copies gathered together from many parts of the world with wonderful charge for proofe wherof Gometius saies that he had often heard Alphonso Zamora professor in the Hebrew tongue affirme that for 7 Hebrew copies which are kept in the Vniuersitie of Alcala of Henares were payed 4000 crownes of gold Being ended by Iohn Brocario of Alcala it was dedicated to pope Leo whereof the world hath receiued great profit Cardinall Ximenes opprest with melaÌ„choly This Cardinall hauing his mind continually attentiue to great matters was somtimes opprest with melancholy which made him to vndertake things rather through furie than councell but very seldome as the conuersion of the Moores of Granado and the enterprises of Afrike atteÌ„pted with too great affection zeale without any ground The quarrels which he had with great meÌ„ with such obstinatioÌ„ as we haue said proceeded froÌ„ the loue of Iustice A louer of iustice magnanimity vertue for he would teach them to liue according to equity The chanons of Toledo were his chiefe councellors without whose aduice he would neuer attempt any thing of importaÌ„ce Execution must be speedie after mature deliberation he would as it was fit that whatsoeuer had bin decreed after mature deliberation should be instantly put in execution he censured of mens errors not by the effect but by the intent Although in publike affaires he were impatient of al reply bold speech yet in that which concerned himselfe he often indured the liberty of another mans tong the which he shewed to Contrera the preacher who blaming him one day in his presence for that he being a frier did often weare fables other rich furres he was inuited to dine with him where he commended his preaching but he excused that which he did reprehend in him saying that men aduanced to dignity and great charges Cardinall Ximenes though a frier yet be weÌ„t richly apparelled had need of precious ornaments and rich attire as well on their persons as in their houses for that doth breed maiesty in him and causeth reuerence in subiects They write that these ornaments were vsed superficially by the Cardinal for as for his vnder habit and his sleeping he alwayes carried himselfe according to the Order of Saint Francis he daily said his prayers either alone or accompanied the doore being shut that he might not be diuerted He had great compassion of great persons vnworthily afflicted and did releeue them with mony as to D. Guâ—â—mar of Castro duchesse of Nagera being chased from her house by her husband whom he did nourish and comfort in the city of Toledo with as great honor as the duke himselfe could haue done her blaming his churlishnes the more for that he had bin made duke by king Henry the fourth in fauor of this woman with whom as we haue said he seemed to be in loue When there was any great benefice void in the church of Toledo Discretion in giuing of benefices hee gaue it either to the sonne of some prince oâ— great nobleman or to some one of the learnedest men of Spaine saying That nobility gaue fauour and learning authority to the clergie finally hee was liberall and very charitable to the poore and careful of his houshold seruants He spent a good part of his reuenues in religious buildings which preserue his memorie Buildings made at the charge of Cardinall Ximenes as at Tordelaguna where hee was borne the conuent of Franciscan friers intitled of the virgine Mary a goodly and stately worke at Toledo the conuent of Saint Iohn penitent and one of the like title at Alcala of Henares two Conuent one of Franciscans and the other of Iacobins in the city of Oâ—an but aboue all the building of the colledge of Saint Idelfonse or Alphonso 1518 in the vniuersitie of Alcala of Henares is most famous and the institution of the company which should be all Diuines This man was so seuere as he had attempted to reduce all the Orders of monkes to their ancient and first simplicitie and puritie After this prelats death D. Alphonso of Arragon archbishâ—â— of Saragosse base sonne to the deceased king D. Ferdinand came to Tordesillas to salute the king his nephew and also to get the archbishopricke of Toledo if he might but the lord of Cheures who would haue it for William of Crouy his nephew stayed his comming so as this prince was forced to go to Vailledolit there to attend the King who hauing seen him and complayning to all the noblemen of Spaine of the
wrong the lord of Cheures had done him he returnd into Arragon frustrate of that which he pretended 12 The king hauing caused the Estates of Castille to assemble at Vailledolit in September 1518 he was declared king of Castille Toledo Granado and other dependances in Spaine Coronation of King Charles the first of that name hee receiued and tooke the othe after the accustomed manner wherein there was some difficultie made by some great noblemen for that Queene Ioane his mother did yet liue notwithstanding it past and hauing there ordayned many things touching the gouernement of Castille he past into Arragon to haue alike assembly and solemnity in regard of those realmes and the lands depending Being in Arragon he was solicited to send embassadors to Mompellier to conferre with the deputies of the French king and of Henrie of Albret touching the rights of the realme of Nauarre held and enioyed by him in the name of D. Ioane his mother and his owne by hereditary title whereof there had bin another parliament held at Noion whither were sent the lord of Cheures the chancellor Iohn Sauuage Conference of deputies touching the realme of Nauarre who was of Bruges D. Ant. of Estuniga one of the priors of S Iohn the great commander of Castille doctor Caruaial with other knights and learned men but all this conference was to no effect for he that was in possession would hold it besides Arthur Goiffier L. of Boissi dying was a hinderance to it At that time D. Ant. Manriques duke of Nagera was viceroy of Nauarre hauing for assistant D. Roderigo of Mercado bishop of Auila at which time the new king Charles had caused the marshall D. Pedro of Nauarre to be deliuered out of prison being in the castle of Atiensa prest him much to take the othe to do him homage as to his king but he who bare an affection to his master refused it by reason wherof he ended his dais in the prison of Simancas The K. being at Barcelone he had news of his election to the empire of Germany wherefore he went towards Vailledolit to make preparation for his iorny order for the affaires of Castille which were very confused But hee was forced to make hast and to leaue many things vndecided being aduertised of the conspiracies leagues betwixt the towns and great lords of the realme Charles chosen emperour of Germany for the defence of the priuiledges and liberties of the countrey against the greedines vsurpations of the Flemish councelors who gouerned this yong prince among the which the chiefe was as we haue said the L. of Cheurs The K. for that he would not be ingaged in these Spanish mutinies with whose humours he was not acquainted he parted as it were flying away imbarked at the Groin a famous port in Galicia leauing for gouernors cardinal Adrian the constable D. Inigo Fernandes of Velasco to whom he afterwards ioyned D. Frederic Henriques great admirall of Castille Being landed in the low countries he went presently to Aixâ—a Chapelle where he receiued the imperiall crowne Departure of the emperour Charles out of Castille forced in the yere 1520 being 20 yeres old The first Acts of his gouernment were to suppres by mild quiet means the doctrine preached by Luther which increased much in Germany To this end for some other matters of importance concerning the empire he caused the princes and estates to assemble at Worms wheras Luther appeared hauing a pasport and was â—eard disputing against doctor Ectius others but there came no fruits of it But in Spaine there grew great seditions and tumults in the towns and prouinces of Castille many townes noblemen complaining of the breach of the lawes and priuiledges of the realme and of the bad gouernment of the Flemish lords Ciuile warre in Castille who by their great couetousnes had drawne vnto them great sums of mony vnder the kings authority vsurped the estates offices benefices of the realme caused a profanation in a manner of all things as if they had bin in a country of conquest so as the people being moued vpon so apparent occasions the excesse and troubles which ciuile dissentions are accustomed to produce followed soone after Cardinall Adrian the constable thinking to suppresse this mischiefe in the breeding 1519 made the fire greater for hauing sent against theÌ„ of Segobia Ronquillo Alcaide or prouost of the court Excesse of Ronquillo prouost of the Court. a man of a sower disposition rigorous in his executions proud and insoleÌ„t iâ— his threats hauing made the summations solemnities required in Iustice he began to burne ruine cut pul vp take kil al that he found about Segobia whereat the inhabitants of Toledo being incensed they took armes and went to field chasing away this prouost They being once armed in one place Townes conspired the sedition grew generall Burgos Vailledolit SalamaÌ„ca Auila Zamora Leon Toro and other chiefe places rebelled openly had many noblemen knights of their faction yet they were more led by their owne priuate interests then the publike good The deputies of all these cities thus mutined came to Auila where they made a league with the noblemen the principall whereof were D. Iohn de Padilla of Toledo D. Anthony d' Acugna bishop of Zamora D. Pedro Giron of whom mention hath bin often made Cardinall Adrian had bin already forced to flie from Vailledolit by the help of a priest Insolencie against the Cardinalls and the Kings officers who conueied him away by night breaking a piece of the towne wall notwithstanding that D. Pedro Giron D. Iohn de Padilla had assured him that there was nothing intended against him that his innocencie was well knowen The president and councellors of the Audience and Chancery were in like maner fled of the which doctor Vargas escaped by a sinke The people being masters in all the towns made choice of captains of their owne sort smiths belfounders skinners tailers and such like who forgat nothing to make them detestable in all couetousnesse cruelty and other wicked actions At Segobia they did hang the rector betwixt 2 sergeants thinking to aduise them something for the good of the publike peace they of Auila did rase the house of Pedro Ponce for that he would not signe the league with the rest The constable was chased from Burgos who with the earle of Alua de Lista and others were pursued by the conspirators with publike Edicts who had sommoned with solemnities and order of iustice all the princes and great noblemen of the realme to ioyne with them for the defence said they of the lawes liberties of Spaine in default wherof to proceed against them as traitors to their country The gouernors seeing this great reuolt furnished themselues with armes all other means to defend themselues to suppresse the rebells Anthony Fonseca being sent Medina
del Campo with a good number of horse to bring the artilery which was kept in the storehouse of that town he found such resistance as he was forced partly through choler partly by a stratagem of war to set fire in diuers parts of the town to the end he might draw the people who were earnest to defend the artillery to go saue their houses which were on fire but their obstinacie was such as they had rather suffer their goods to be burnt then abaÌ„don the artillery to Fonseca who was forced to returne without it so vpon this occasion they of Medina ioyned with the league In which towne there was great store of merchaÌ„dise of all sorts mouables other riches of inestimable value burnt The conspirators hauing put their army of field seised vpon Tordesillas where Q. Ioane being distract kept Tordesillas taken by the conspiratorâ— her they saluted for their Q. gaue her a gard of 300 priests leuied by the Bish. of Zamora in his dioces whom he commanded to sweare and renounce God to looke like souldiers and if hee did see any one that did handle his portaise hee would beate him with a cudgell The emperor being aduertised of all these miseries hee wrote vnto the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques which was then in Cattelogne to take the charge of gouernor with the rest to seek by all means to pacifie those troubles D. Frederic ioyned with the gouernors with equall â—uthority did what he could to pacifie al notwithstanding that the Confederats had taken and spoiled Vruegna Tordehumes and Villabrassica lands belonging vnto him had sackt his brothers palace committed other indignities in contempt of him and to his preiudice yet notwithstanding hee went and sent diuers times to the rebells but the disease required a sharper remedy for in trueth there was no more any question to reforme abuses and correct the faults of the common weale all were now growen into a furie to ouerthrow the estate As for the noblemen and knights their owne greedy desires had thrust them into armes D. Pedro Giron would be duke of Medina Sidonia and win his cause by the sword D. Iohn de Padilla promised to himselfe the mastership of S. Iaques others hauing priuat quarrelles would be reuenged and spoyle their enemies and as for the Townes if their first motion had some lawfull cause 1520 their manner of proceeding and their forme of demaunding had spoyled all and made them and their cause odious wherefore the war beganne to grow hote Iohn de Padilla and Iohn Braâ—o being come to Villapanda with part of the forces of the League it seemed to the emperors captaines that an opportunitie was offered to recouer Todesillas and to deliuer Queene Ioane who was held as a prisoner by the rebels the which succeeded well without anie great losse or difficultie Tordesill as recouered for the place was not strong There were many of the seditious taken there Tordesillas was sackt yea the Queene and her seruants lodgings yet all was restored vnto them againe It is written that when they battred the towne a priest of the bishop of Zamoras being behind a loop hole slew 11 men with his peece and to discharge himselfe somewhat of this guilt or to giue some ease to his soule at whom he aimd at euery shot he made a crosse with his harquebuze In the end this priest was slaine with an arrow After this prize the Constable and the Admirall who were commaunders for the emperour marched against the enemies who went towards Toro with an intent to ioyne with their other confederats who had gathered togither a rable of 8000 rascalls out of the townes and diocesse of Zamora Battell of Villa Lara and defeat of the rebells but they were ouertaken neere vnto Villa Lara and fought with where notwithstanding that they had great numbers of men and that Padilla and Brauo performed the parts of valiant and hardy captaines yet they were defeated and taken This defeat pacified all tumults and made them all more quiet The confederate cities laboured euery one apart to returne into fauour and did easily obtayne pardon yea the city of Burgos before this rout had left the societie of the rest The bishop of Zamora hearing of the defeat of his companions Punishment of rebells thought to escape but he was staied in Nauarre and afterwards strangled D. Iohn of Padilla and Iohn Brauo were condemned to loose their heads D. Maria wife to Iohn of Padilla fell into the like miserie a woman of a great courage but deceiued by the false predictions of diuines and sorcerers whom she beleeued their palace at Toledo by the same sentence was ruined and the soyle sowen with salt and therein a pillar erected for a perpetuall memorie of their rebellion D. Pedro Giron who had left the other conspirators by the persuasion of his friends and kinsmen whereof the Constable was the chiefe was confined to Oran with many other knights Many men of lesse note felt the rigor of Iustice and many also were pardoned Thus ended the ciuile warre and sedition in Spaine which grew by reason of the excesse and violent gouernement of the Flemings who suffered the Spaniards to end it whilest that they were Iudges of their punishments and rewardes for that the emperour was gouerned by their councell 15 Whenas this rebellion in Castille happened Nauarre the gouernours finding themselues weake and ill prouided of many things they were forced to vse the souldiers which were in the garrisons of Nauarre and to draw many peeces of ordonance out of Pampelone and places of that realme which gaue occasion to some well affected to the house of Albret and Foix and to Henry of Albret the true heire of that realme to haue secret intelligences in Bearn and in Fraunce in whose fauour king Francis sent Andrew of Foix Lord of Asperraut or Esparre yonger brother to Odeâ— of Foix Lord of Lautrech who being receiued by them of the faction of Gramont tooke the castle of Saint Iohn de Pied de Port Pampelone abandoned by the Castillans wherefore D. Anthonie Manrique Duke of Nagera finding himselfe surprized the city of Pampelone beginning also to mutine he left it and returned into Castille abandoning his house to the sacke of the people 16 At that time there was in Nauarre following armes Inigo of Loyola the first author of the Iesuits an obstinate enemy to the house of Albret who whenas the viceroy Maurique dislodged Beginning of the Iesuites remained in the castle of Pampelone in garrison with the other souldiers of the emperour It hapned that this castle being assailed by the people there was a canon shot made by them of the towne at a certaine place whereas this man had both his feet so bruised with stones which the bullet had scattred as hee fell from the top of the castle to the bottome but being ordained for an instrument to this new
the island of Sebut where they past the feast of Easter in the yeare 1521 and persuaded the king of that countrey called Hamabar to become a Christian receiuing victuals and persents from him with information of the Molucques In the same island there was another king enemie to Hamaâ—ar called Calpulapo Death of Ferdinand Maâ—â—llanes lord of Mautan against whom Ferdinand Magellanes going to fight was slaine there in battell the 27 of Aprill 1521. Iohn Serran who was chiefe pilot of the armie temaining the chiefe was soone after taken by king Hamabâ—r who had been called Charles at his baptisme and put to death with seuentie other Spaniards Wherefore the three ships parted from thence hauing but an hundred and fifteene men remaining and came to Cohol where they burnt one of their ships there they trimmed vp the two others and then went to Bornoy where they were courteously intreated by the king Sirâ—pida a great and mightie lord who releeued them with all necessaries in which countrey they saw great riches and deuises of gold and siluer Then passing by the island of cinbâ—hon they came to the island of Tidore Fiue islands of Molucques which is one of the fiue of the Molucques whereof the other foure are Terrenate where seuen monethes before this arriuall died Francis Serran a Portugal kinsman to Magellanes who gaue him first knowledge of these islands incouraged him to go thither Mate Matille and Machian which lye vnder the Equinoctiall or thereabouts verie small but abounding in riches being distant from Spaine aboue an hundred and seuentie degrees The king of Tidore called abâ—ansor although he were a Mahumetist suffered these Spaniards to traffique freely and was pleased with their arriuall and with the friendship of the king of Castille The discouerie of these islands in the time of the king D. Manuel did cause great controueries betwixt Castille and Portugal the Portugals pretending that they were thereby interessed and hindered in their course assigned for their nauigation Yet the king D. Manuel moued no debate for before that the newes of this discouerie was knowne in Spaine he ended his dayes towards the end whereof there happened a great plague and famine in Portugal During which afflictions the mariage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Beatrix second daughter to the king D. Manuel Mariage betwixt the duke of Sauoy and D. Beatrix of Portugal and Charles duke of Sauoy to whom she was sent this yeare 1521 with a fleet of three and twentie saile of the which D. Martin of Castiblanc earle of Villanoua was generall being accompanied by D. Martin of Acosta bishop of Lisbone with other noblemen and by D. Leonora de Sylua and a daughter of the earle of Faro with many waiting women The Infanta was then sixteene yeares old and seuen monethes After the returne of this fleet Death of the king D. Manuel about the end of the yeare the king D. Manuel died little lamented by the Clergie of his countrey of whom he had leuied new and vnaccustomed subsidies hauing raigned six and twentie yeares and three monethes in the three and fiftieth yeare of his age He was buried in the monastetie of Belem which he himselfe had caused to be built D. Iohn third of that name fifteenth King of Portugall 28 HIs sonne D. Iohn succeeded him the third of that name at the solemnitie of whose reception there were present some of the Infants his brethren D. Iago duke of Bragance the master of S. Iames the earle of Tentugal the earle of Taroca D. Iohn de Meneses prior of Saint Iohn the great master the marquesse of Tournouo and Villa Real with other noblemen and gentlemen of the realme and the cardinall D. Alphonso his brother in whose hands the oath was taken This prince was fat and vnweldie verie religious Vniuersitie of Coimbra erected and a louer of learned and valiant men He was founder of the Vniuersitie of Coimbra and of the royall colledge of Saint Paul the which he endowed with great reuenues and large stipends for the Regents and Doctors wherein hee was followed and assisted by the cardinall D. Henrie Colledge of Iesuites built at Ebora his brother who built in the citie of Ebora the colledge of Iesuites with professors in the tongues and sciences both sacred and prophane The queene D. Leonora widow to king Manuel was in the yeare 1522 deliuered of an after birth named D. Maria which was not maried This new king continued the nauigations begun by his predecessors with great affection and had great contention with the Emperour Charles in regard of the Molucques whereas the ships of Castille had beene well entertained as we haue said by Almansor king of the island of Tidore whereas the Castillans stayed fiue whole monethes and made a kind of bargaine by the which king Almansor promised to giue so many cloues for a certaine â—â—sure of red cloth blew cloth orlinnen and so proportionably of other spices The warshipe of Castille remaining of Ferdinand Magellanes armie that is the Victorie and the Trinitie diuided themselues and disposed of their returne so as the Trinitie should shape his course to Panama vpon the coast of new Spaine Voyage of Iohn Sebastian del Cano. which they held to be but a short voyage and Iohn Sebastian del Cano with the Victorie following the Portugals voyage should returne into Spaine by the cap Bon Esperance The Victorie then parting from Tidore men of the island of Tidore Aprill 1522 with fortie seuen Spaniards and thirteene in the moneth of they came to Zumatra in old time called Taprobana and theâ—â—repassing vnder the Equinoctioll and the Winter Tropike they doubled the cap of Bon Esperance and arriued in the port of S. Lucar of Barameda in September hauing beene about three yeares in his long and dangerous voyage in the which it is thought that this Iohn Sebastion del Cano made aboue foureteene thousand leagues at sea The other ship called the Trinitie commaunded by a captaine called Spinosa sayling towards new Spaine was put back by contrarie winds to Tidore whither Anthonio Brito a captain for the king D. Iohn was come with fiue ships of Portugal by whom the Castillans were taken and spoyled and carried being fortie eight to Malaca so as of fiue ships which parted with Fernando Magellanes the Victorie onely returned into Spaine besides that of S. Anthonie which would not follow him The voyage of the East Indies hath alwayes beene more successfull for the Portugals than Castillans and at that time the king D. Iohn intreated the Emperour Charles not to suffer his subiects to goe to the Molucques to auoid the ruine of armies which are sent to discouer those countries wherunto he yeelded not knowing what Anthonio Brito had done to the Castillans that were in the Trinitie at Tidore vntill that expert men in the Mathematikes and Nauigation Conference for the limits of the Nauigation betwixt Castile and Portugal
Sosa who made some attempt in Cambaia took the castle of Panam by force theÌ„ like a conqueror he ran vp that riuer as far as Diu forcing that lord to sue for peace and to yield Bazain and the neighbor Iland of Salseta vnto King Iohn An. 1535 Badurto K. of Cambaia finding himself ingaged in dangerous wars Fort built at Diu by the Portugalls he craued aid froÌ„ the Portugals gaue theÌ„ liberty to build a fort at Diu the which they caled Thomas for that it was begun on that saints day another neer vnto it which they named S. Iames either of them being stroÌ„gly walled this fort was raised in 49 days whereat the K. wondred To whom afterward the Portugals gaue great aid recouered for him certein places which he had lost theÌ„ leauing Emanuel de Sosa in the fort with 800 soldiers good store of artillery the gouernor returned to Goa Soon after Badurio repented him that he had yielded so much to the Portugals in his realm so as in the yere 1536 he commanded Tinarao gouernour of Diu that vpon some fained colour he should seeke to build a strong wall opposite to the Portugals fort the which being denied him there fel a deadly hatred betwixt them The viceroy Acugna hearing that this king making a shew of friendship sought to ruine the Christians he sailed to Diu with a great army where faining himselfe sick Badurio king of Cambaia slaine by the Portugalles he drew the ill-aduised king to visit him in his ship but in his returne he was slaine by the Portugalls with some of his people that had accompanied him in which action there were some Portugalls also slaine among the which was Emanuel de Sosa captaine of that fort It was easie theÌ„ for the Portugals to seaze vpon Diu vpon the whole Iland whereas they got good store of mony of the kings treasure abundance of victualls instruments of war and ships of all sorts In the beginning of this yere 1537 they began to fortifie the castle better fearing some new alteraâ—tion of those Barbarians knowing how much they were discontented for the death of Badurio in whose place they presently set a child his nephew by the sister whom certain lords of the couÌ„try took the gouernmeÌ„t of with great authority so as the realme seemed to be diuided among many which was lesse dangerous for the Portugals The gouernment of the fort at Diu in the place of Sosa who was slain was giuen to Antonio Silueria and 600 soldiers appointed him for his garrison who could not long rest beeing still annoyed by them of the countrey fearing moreouer that they should be soon set vpon by the Turks forces hauing discouered that Badurio a litle before his death had with rich presents obtained great succours from Ottoman and that after his death his wife went vnto the Turks court Army of Turkes prepared against the Portugalles and made greater instance wherefore the great Turke caused a great army to be prepared at Suez a port in the farthest bosome of the red sea Soliman the Eunuch Bascha of Egipt who had the charge of it surpassing so many difficulties as it seemed incredible And hauing caused timber to be cut in Caramania he made it to be transported wrought to Damieta and then by the riuer of Nile to Caire where the vessells being made and ready to ioyne they were in the end carried vpon Camels backs to Suez 80 miles This army as some write was of 63 gallies of 26 barkes to the which there ioyned 6 galleons â— gâ—â—eots 2 foists or Oleadi 20 ships of burthen and many other small barkes so as they might well carry besides the men of seruice 20000 soldiers among the which were 4000 Ianizaries with so much artillery as they thought necessary for so great an enterprise Towards the end of Iune Solyman went from Suez with this army in his voiage he strangled Zebith Nocoda lord of that place by whom he had bin bountifully entertained then continuing his course on the 5 of Iuly he came to Aden a famous citie port standing vpon the left point of the Persian gulph Here the Eunuch gaue a new testimony of his treacherous crueltie for first he craftily sent some of his men into the city where they were friendly entertained and then he procured that K. who we said had contracted friendship with the Portugalls to come and visit him in his ships faining himselfe sick where this king complaining much of the tyranny that was vsed against him King of Aden hanged at a mainyard by the Turkes being made acquainted with Solymans mind he was presently hung vp at the maine yard with some of his people which had accoÌ„panied him The army staid some daies at Aden first sacking the city then leauing a good garrison to keep it for the Ottomans and then they sailed towards Diu where they ariued the 4. of Septemb. There they found the Portugalls ready to receiue them as enemies for approaching neere 2 of their gallies were sunck with the Artillery so as they were forced to retire and to be more warie in their landing which they did afterward with the great ordnance to better the castle Solimans army was much augmented by some lords of the country that ioyned with him among whom there was one called Coffaro his mother a Turk his father a Christian born in Chio others say that his name was Cozazaffer a renegado borne in Calabria who had bin very deere to the deceased K. of Cambaia Fort at Diâ— held by the Portugalls besieged by the Turkes and had brought vnto him 20000 souldiers gathered vp in the country They ioyntly besieged the fort both by sea and land Silueria hauing but few souldiers in regard of the enemies number his continuall toile with all he had not much poulder for the vse of his artillery wherof he did aduertise the viceroy being in Goa crauing succors and assuring him that they had made what defence was fit for them There were in Diu besides the chiefe fort held by the Protugals 2 towers of a reasonable strength in the one there were 60 in the other 50 souldiers and being both battred by the Turks who had trecherously sackt the citie in entring without respect that they had declared theÌ„selues friends the one was yielded vpon conditions but il obserued for hauing promised liberty to the Portugall souldiers they made them gally slaues The Bascha did also batter the castle shewing more furie then iudgement Silueria defended it with great iudgement valor making sallies vpon the enemie disappointing all their designs the Turks besides their huge artillery had with their pioners raised a mount against the fort so high as they might look into it discouer what they did annoying the defendants much with their shot But the Portâ—galls did speedily preuent it making diuers Trauerses imploying therein all their cotton timber or whatsoeuer else they
of Christ to bee knowne to many barbarous nations Hee made many leagues with the Potentates of the East and South to abate the Turkes power yea with Tamas king of Persia to whome hee gaue succours of men artillerie and all other munition for warre teaching him and his people to warre after the discipline vsed in Europe that they might annoy the Turks yet he was blamed that to spare money he had caused many forts in Afrike to be rased which the kings his predecessors had won with great charge and losse of men Notwithstanding he left manie monuments and marks of his pietie according to those times for in fauor of him the Pope made Miranda Portalegra Leira bishopricks and the citie of Ebora an archbishprick he reformed many Abbaies taking away the superfluous reuenues of the rich and giuing them to the poore Hee made an vniuersity at Coimbra increased the citie of Lisbone much the which is the greatest and best peopled of all Spaine and by the perfuasion of the Clergie receiued the Inquisition into Portugal being vntill that time reiected by his Predecessors by reason of the abuse Hee was a verie great fauourer of the Iesuites and dyed in Iune in the Palace of Riuiere in the fiue and fiftieth yeare of his age hee was interred at Belem King Philip being at Gand 1559 hee sent William of Nassau Prince of Orange and D. Fernando Aluares of Toledo Castille duke of Alba who had left Italie and his charge to the duke of Sesse being sent in his place into Fraunce to sweare and confirme the articles of the peace in his name and the duke of Alba had an especiall commission to make the matrimoniall promise of the king of Spaine to Elizabeth of Fraunce according to the accord and to solemnize this act as it is vsuall for great Princes that are absent Marriage of king Philip with Elizabeth of France This was celebrated at Paris in Iulie one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and nine but the feasts and ioy of this marriage prooued mornefull for that k. Henry was hurt with the splinter of a lance and died as you may read at large in the Historie of France Before his death he wold haue the mariage of his Sister Marguerit with the duke of Sauoy consummated which was a great content to that poore prince dispossest of his state who feared much that the kings death which was vndoubtfull would be a great crosse vnto him King Philip after the consummation of his mariage by the duke of Alba sent Ruy Gomez de Sylua vnto his queene with a rich diamond valued by some at eightie thousand crownes by others at an hundred and fiftie thousand with order that she should prepare her selfe to goe into Spaine the next yeare And hee finding himselfe freed from troubles and hauing disposed of the affaires of the Netherlands appointed gouernours for euerie prouince and ouer them Marguerite of Austriâ— King Philip returns into Spain his sister duchesse of Parma he tooke shipping at Flessingue in September and arriued at Laredo in Biscaie verie happily for he was no sooner landed but there did rise so violent a storme and such contrarie winds to that nauigation as had hee beene at sea he had beene in verie great danger or had he beene in Flanders he could not haue parted in six monethes They persuaded him that his presence in Spaine was verie necessarie for that by their acquaintance with the English and Germans many of the Court and other Spaniards which had followed the warres seasoned with Luthers opinions had spred them there to root out the which the Iudges of the Inquisition sayd that they were too weake the king being absent 23 Being arriued Persecutions in Spaine for relâ—gion it was his chiefe care to haue a strict search made for them that had any ill conceit of the Romish religion and to haue them rigorously punished so as that yeare there were two hideous spectacles presented one at Vailledolit and another at Seuile of people of diuers conditions sexes and ages condemned to bee burnt aliue among which there were some of noble families Some sayed it was a secret plot betwixt the two kings of France and Spaine at the conclusion of the peace for hee of France had begun the like persecutions within his owne realme and with his owne officers first The Archbishop of Toledo the chiefe Prelate in Spaine was much suspected to decline from the Romish Church wherefore he was put in prison and his rents sequestred This yeare the Roman Sea was voyd Death of Pope Paul the fourth by the death of Pope Paul the fourth being fourescore and three yeares old before his death being duely informed of the villanies of cardinall Caraffa and his brethren being his nephewes hee banished them out of Rome and depriued them of all their dignities and offices The cardinall lost his place of Legat at Bolonia the duke of Paliano the commaund of the armes and of the gallies of the Church and the marquesse of Montabello the gard which hee had of the Popes person and of the palace This Pope was succeeded by Iohn Ange de Medici a Milanois and was called Pius the fourth at his first comming to the Sea he caused cardinall Caraffa to be put in prison and strangled there and the duke of Paliano the earle of Alife and other of his predecessors kinsmen to be beheaded being conuicted of many crimes He did intimate the Councell of Trent which had beene left off since the yeare 1552 but it began not vntill the yeare 1562. During the warres of Europe Asia and Africke had not beene at peace for that famous pyrat Dragut hauing gotten the island of Gerbe from Solyman that was lord thereof whom he caused to be hanged at Tripoli giuing the place to another lord for a tribute of six thousand crownes and yet soone after he depriued him but those people not able to endure his tyrannie tooke armes against him and sought to make a new lord Tripoli had also beene taken eight yeares before by Dragut from the knights of Saint Iohn who to reuenge that disgrace sought to recouer it this yeare The people of Spaine desired nothing more than to keepe vnder the Moores and pyrats of Africke who being neere vnto them may easily trouble their nauigation and annoy the Southerne coasts Wherefore it was not difficult for Iohn Valette a French man great Master of Malta to persuade the Catholike king and the Councell of Spaine to send an armie to the conquest of Tripoli from whence Dragut and other pyrats did dayly annoy the Spaniards Dragut was much hated not onely of the Christians but also of the Moores ouer whom hee vsed most cruell tyrannie seeking by treacherie or by open force to kill the chiefe Commaunders and to make himselfe lord of their States Among which the king of Caruano was the chiefe from whom hee had taken a great part of his estate and
fleet to be made readie of about one hundred and 30 saile among the which there were aboue forty ships of burthen Galleots and lesser vessels with one great Galeon of Portugall There were eightie and seuen gallies that is two and twenty of Spaine eleuen of Naples Armie sent against Pegnon de Wels. ten of Sicile eight of Portugal twelue of Dorâ—a eight of FloreÌ„ce three of Sauoy sixe of Marc Antonio Colonna three of Malta and foure of Marco Centurioni There was in them aboue ten thousand Italians Spaniards and Dutch among the which were many Noblemen and Gentlemen voluntaries the chiefe besides the General D. Garcia de Toledo were Francisco Baredo who coÌ„manded the ships of Portugal Sanchio de Lâ—yua those of Naples the Lord of Plombin the duke of Florence galleyes Iohn Andrew Doria his owne Marc Antonio Colonna Chiappin Vitelli commander of the foot of Tuscaine Hanibal Altemps with his Germans Fernando de Sylua and others They came not to the port of Malaga which was appointed for the Rendez-vous vntill the end of August and then the army parted meeting with the aides of Portugall being all vnited together they arriued neere vnto the port of Velez where they had some trouble to vnship their ordnance and men for the rest they had no great difficultie for the Moores and Turkes fainted when as they saw the artillerie planted in two batteries began to annoy them the which would soone haue ruined that fort being but small therfore they studied rather how to fly than to defend themselues So in the night the greatest part of them escaped in barks there remained about 25 who yeelded The Moores came down in great troupes of Horse and did skirmish with the Christians The generall Toledo hauing taken this place furnished it with all things necessarie left a garrison in it of 800 Spaniards After which they consulted if they should vndertake any thing else this conquest seeming but smal in respect of the great charge they propounded that of Bugia but considering that the season of the yere was far spent being in the middest of Septem that their men had endured much at sea especially the galley-slaues of Tuscaine being vnacquainted with those seas the Germans who were much wasted so as they held it not fit to ingage themselues in an action which would require time whereupon they returned with their galleys to winter and D. Garcia de Toledo went to be Viceroy of Sicile King Philip remembring that the emperor Charles his father had sent Ferdinand Magellanes in the yere 1519 to discouer the Moluques and other Ilands thereabouts some of which were more plainly discouered in the yere 1542 Ilands of Philip pina discouered he gaue order this yeare to D. Lewis de Velasco viceroy of Mexico to make ready a great fleet with the which entring into the South sea and sayling towards the west he should discouer those places better whereof they had yet but a generall knowledge which they held were inhabited by good sensible men But for that the preparation was long and the charge great they parted not till towards Christmasse The fleet being commanded by Velasco sailed towards the Moluques he had with him Michel of Legaspo who by order from the king should be gouernour of the first place he should discouer hold worthie to leaue a garrison and to plant a Colony there They therefore found out Tendaia or Tendain Punel Bohol and Pauilogen all which foure in honor of the king were called Philippine they also set footing in the Iland of Luzon which is bigger than all the rest being more towards the North where the city of Maniglia is built by the which the whole Iland is also called It was not difficult for the Spaniards to become master of those places for that they of China hauing abandoned the gouernement which they had enioyed there was not any Lord but they that had most power did tyrannize ouer the weaker They found the Countrie fertill and abounding in many things necessarie for the vse of man but it was a verie commodious dwelling for the great traffike of gold silke and other rich Merchandize which they had with them of China wherefore they planted diuers Colonies in a short space finding the inhabitants inclined to ciuilitie especially in the Island of Luzon and the citie of Manigila Michel Lopes of Legaspo remained Gouernour of those places where hee dyed twelue yeares after with the title of Adelantado The king of Spain being aduertised of the great preparations the Turke made at Constantinople 1565 to send a great fleet to Sea gaue order for the fortifying of those places which were most in danger Malta beseeged by the Turkes But Solymans intent was to attempt Malta it did behoue king Philip to defend preserue it for the interest of his neer estates of Naples Sicile this Iland lying verie coÌ„modiously to annoy them if the Turks shold take it and keep it as he might easily do by the care and diligence of the kings of Algier of Tripoli mightie Pirates his tributaries who are alwaies in armes ready to furnish it vpon any sudden occasion besides his own means which are great whereof hee might make there a good staple or store-house for his warres against Europe The Iland of Malta is a great and spacious rock about 60 miles in compasse lying betwixt Sicile Afrik Description of Malta from the which it is aboue 50 leagues or 200 miles distant from Sicile 60 miles or 15 leagues accompting 4 miles for a good league towards the North it looks to Cap Passaro in Sicile and on the South to the towne of Tripoly in Barbarie This rock is couered some six foot thick with earth and no more it doth yeeld excellent fruits feed some cattel brings hony cotton which is the inhabitants wealth it hath many ports landings which are reasonably safe for their ordinary trade but not to receiue any great fleets The names of the chiefe are Marsamusset Marsa Scala Marsa Sirocco Cala S. Georg Cala of S. Paul Marsa in the Moors toÌ„g signifies a port Cala is a shore or strond The citie is almost in the middest of the Iland carrying the name thereof being inhabited by them of the countrie but the aboad of the knights who are Lords thereof is about the port of Marcamusset towards Sicile wheras the sea makes many smal gulphs leauing tongues of earth or rock betwixt both where they are lodged and well fortified Vpon one of these points which made a passage to one of the gulphes was built a fort called S. Herme which kept that entrie defended the Maltois gallies which lodge within the gulph right against it on the other side towards Sicile is the castel S. Ange the which was strong wel furnished coÌ„manding towards the Sea vnder it was the Borogh where the knights were lodged and there make their
and sent Alphonso Ruis Secretarie of State for that realme expresly out of Sicile but his disgrace increasing he was forced to come in person He was there discharged by the king and sent home to his house being depriued of all his offices and estates D. Iohn de Austria was made Generall at sea and the marquesse of Pescare Viceroy of Sicile ⧠THE 29 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 TRouble 's in the Low Countries 2 Tumult made in Spaine by the Moores of Granado 3 Scio taken by the Turke 4 Duke of Alba sent Gouernour into the Low Countries 5 Sentence of condemnation against the Nether landers 6 Imprisonment and death of the prince of Spaine and of the queene 7 Charles Archduke of Austria sent from the Emperor Maximilian into Spaine 8 Causes which moued the Moores of Granado to rebell 9 Mariage of the king of Spaine with his neece the Emperours daughter 10 Rights of the Seigneurie of Venice to the realme of Cypres 11 League concluded betwixt the Pope the king of Spaine and the commonweale of Venice 12 Famagusta yeelded to the Turke 13 Battell betwixt the Christians and Turkes at Lepanto 14 Duke of Medina Celi sent to succeed the duke of Alba in the Low Countries 15 Enterprise of Tunis made by D. Iohn of Austria 16 Tunis and Goâ—lette recouered againe by the Turkes 17 D. Sebastian king of Portugal goes into Afrike TOwards the end of the last yere Pope Pius the fourth died 1566 in whose place was chosen Frier Michael Gislieri of the Order of S. Dominicke cardinall Alexandrino and he was called Pius the fifth Election of Pope Pius 5. He had beene bred vp in diuers charges of the Inquisition and therefore he sought to aduance it being come to this dignitie The people of Rome knowing him to be of a sowre and seuere disposition were somewhat troubled at his election which being reported vnto him We hope in God said he so to behaue our selfe as they will bee more grieued to heare of our death than they are now at our creation But the king of Spaine rejoyced much at this election commending the authours thereof He did obserue him with great reuerence commanding all his ministers with whom the Pope was to treat not to oppose themselues against his Holinesse just demaunds Archbishop of Toledo drawne in question by the Inquisition And this yere Bartholmew Caranza Archbishop of Toledo being called in question by the Inquisition of Spaine for misbeliefe requiring to be judged at Rome as his Holinesse should determine he being not well satisfied with his Spanish judges the king wold not refuse him to the lord of Camojano who was sent vnto him to that end notwithstanding that it was against the priuiledges of the Inquisition in that realme wherein the cardinall Sansisto being sent the yere before by the Pope to judge the cause could not preuaile the Spaniards seeking to maintaine their jurisdiction and to determine it absolutely Notwithstanding the Archbishops person was granted to Comoiano who was caried prisoner to Rome with his Proces which had beene begun there Pope Pius the fift hauing beene made cardinall by Paul the fourth a Caraffe in requitall of this fauour being aduanced to the Papacie he caused the proces of cardinall Caraffa Carraffas proces reuiewed and others of that house which had beene executed by his predecessors commandement to be reuiewed restoring the familie of the Caraffas to their honor and fame The Pope persisting in his accustomed rigour against them that did seeme to decline from the obedience of the Church of Rome did not faile after his assumption to admonish all Christian princes to obserue the decrees of the Councel of Trent and did quicken the diligence of Inquisitors in all places But he had no need to reiterate his commandements in that point in Spain where they had for a long time vsed hard persecution against them whom they called Lutherans whom king Philip was prest to root out in other places of his obedience especially in the Low Countries and to publish this Councell which was ended so fauourably for him as it was rather called the king of Spaines Councell than a generall Betwixt the Spaniards and the nobilitie of the Netherlands Causes of hatred bâ—twixt the Spaniards and Flemings yea betwixt these nations there raigned an inueterat hatred since the Infancie of Charles their king which grew as well by the diuersitie of manners as by occasions which sprang from charges in Court being alwayes accompanied with enuie and many times with attempts of courteors one against another abusing the fauour of their princes For the Flemings had been in great credit with the Emperour and had made their profit of the commodities of Spaine yea against the lawes of the countrey during his raigne And at this time in the Court of king Philip his sonne the Spaniards had the aduantage and were in most credit From this spring grew the priuat dislikes betwixt the duke of Alba and other noblemen of Spaine Troubles in the Low Countries and the earle of Egmont prince of Orange and other great men who had the chiefe gouernments and charges in those hereditarie countries of king Philip. Of whom they thought they might well be reuenged as reuenge is sweet and pleasant to men of that sort by reason of the publication of the Councel of Tâ—ent and the obseruation therof and of the Edicts which they called Placards which the Emperour had made in regard of religion containing many articles of extreame rigour in imitation of the Inquisition of Spaine whereof notwithstanding at the instance of the Estates of the Countrey he did moderate much of the rigour and giuing ouer the gouernment he did admonish D. Philip his sonne Aduice giuen by the Emperour Charles to his sonne to intreat his subiects liuing vnder diuers climats according to their naturall humors letting him vnderstand that it might be austeritie was necessarie for Spaniards but that the Netherlanders must be gouerned with a certaine familiaritie and mildnesse Against this good and wholesome aduice king Philip had other counsell as soone as he came into Spaine being animated as well by them of his Councell that were about him as by Anthonie Perrenot cardinall of Arras who concurred with the king and them in that point to settle a soueraigne absolute power ouer that nation and to take their priuiledges from them whereof they had made some triall by the creation of new bishops without the consent of the Estates Wherein he found great opposition as we haue formerly shewed and as you may read at large in the Netherland Historie to the which this subiect doth more properly belong Most of the prouinces of the Netherlands being in combustion it was bruted That the king of Spaine would goe in person thither carrying peace and mildnesse with him but the chiefe of them that fauoured religion were soone aduertised of a contrarie resolution taken in
made Salobregna to wauer with other maritime places whither the mountaines and the valleys stretch and in like manner all that coast which is vpon the declining of Sierra Vermeja vnto Gibraltar and Maruela so as in lesse than fifteene daies this mischeife ran aboue sixtie leagues and the law of Mahomet was openly profest among them Then the Moores dwelling in the Albayzin at Granado were in extreme danger there beeing a great garrison and souldiers comming thither daily from all parts and that which moued the Granadins to choler and compassion many men and women came naked thither hauing escaped the cruell hands of the Moores for in all places both champane and mountaines the old and new Christians had their dwellings mingled but the Moores were more in number and stronger The Moores about Salobregna contained themselues long for that their seat was not strong as within the mountaines neither did they reuolt but through the violence that was done them by the kings souldiers and by his Lieutenants who were most insolent and disobedient to their Commanders in all this warre Salobregna and Motril are vpon the sea where there growes much good wine the riches of the inhabitants In the citie of Almerie neere vnto them were aboue sixe hundred families of the Moores who did not stirre and were preserued by the Gouernour notwithstanding that one Mare Ramir a Moore with some other indiscreet men thereabouts sought to murther him The Lords of villages who had no houses of strength did wisely to retire themselues for whersoeuer they were the weaker they were set vpon and slaine as it happened to D. Iohn Zapate who sought to make it good in the Church of Guejares de Fondon where he was forced and burnt with 150. men The Marquesse of Mondejar and he of Velez raised either of them an armie by order from the Councell and inuaded the Moores one by Granado and the other by Basa the Marquesse of Zenete bending towards the sea to Almerie These two Commanders neuer ioyned during all this warre although they came neere together vpon the declining of the mountaines that were betwixt them which were in manner plaine towards the West Dispositions of the marquesâ—â— of Mondeiar he of Velez Generals against the Moores for they were of very different humors D. Lewis Faiardo marquesse of Velez was proud ambitious impatient of all superioritie and bloodie and hee of Mondejar was milde and courteous seeking rather to persuade than to force the rebels the marquesse of Velez was suddaine in his exploits he of Mondejar was staied and did not aduance without great deliberation and therefore he was taxed to be slowe and to regard his owne priuate interest for that he was Lord of many places in those mountaines and other parts of the countrie which were vnpeopled by this warre to the preiudice of his rights and reuenewes The first lodging his campe made beeing gone to field was at Alendin and from thence to Padul which is the first borough of the valley of Lecrin hauing with him the nobility and the troupes of Granado and Andalusia he of Velez that of Murcia Basa and the neighbour places In the absence of the marquesse of Mondejar the Earle of Teudille his sonne commaunded in Granado for martiall matters beeing lodged in the Alhambra the Castle and royall Palace there At Dureal a league from Padul Laurence d'Auila was lodged with the bands of seuen Townes of the iurisdiction of Granado and Gonsal'd Alcantara with a company of horse making as it were the foreward They were charged in the night by a multitude of Moores whereof Michel de Granado de Xaba was the chief thinking to disorder them but the souldiers made it good and repulsed their enemies of whom there were two hundred slaine whereat Aben Humeia was in such a rage for this bad successe as he had a desire to cut off Xabas head These two marquesses were not sole Commaunders of the warre in that Countrey for euerie Gouernour or Captaine of a place would make enterprises of his owne head imparting nothing vnto them nor attending their commaundements for euery man aimed at spoile D. Garcia de Villaroel gouernour of Almerie went to field to surprize a troupe of Moores which were assembled at Benahaduz and threatned to besiege Almerie whom he dispersed Alphonso Habis de Vanegas a faithfull Moore and slue many of them among other Brahen Cacis their captaine There was with D. Garcia D. Alphonso Habis de Vanegas a Moore of the bloud of the auncient kings of Granado who had beene solicited by the rebells to be their King the which hee reiected and persisted faithfully in the seruice of king Philip. The marquesse of Mondejar passing on into Alpuxarra tooke the pace of Tablado by force a place of importance for the passage being betwixt two mountaines where hee built a bridge ouer a very deepe valley the which being broken or kept they cannot go from the one to the other but must fetch a compasse of foure great leagues The gard of this bridge was committed to Pedro d'Arroio with certaine companies and then the armie marched towards Orgiba the which was abandoned by the Moores being amazed Many women and children were freed and they that had defended the Tower of that place seuenteene dayes where the Moores had giuen diuerse assaults and reduced them to great want of victualls There was the like deliuery of prisoners with the gaine of some booty made at Poqueira where Aben Humeia had lodged with a great number of Moors but they durst not stay There they had newes that the garrison which they had left at Tablado had been surprised and cut in peeces with their Captaine Deâ—ote and death of Pedro d'Arroio of the Moores who was found yet panting amongst the dead two daies after whenas thee marquesse recouered this passage againe without the which they cannot come nor goe from the campe to Granado D. Alphonso de Reynoso was left there to keepe a more carefull gard and had expresse commandement to staie the souldiers which retired with their bootie without leaue The greatest disorder which hindered this warre was the disobedience of the new leuied souldiers to their Commaunders who longed still to be at home when they had gotten any spoile and it was a hard matter to stay them for they had no pay The Moores in like manner were without discipline being ignorant of warre and nothing apt to armes yea most of them were vnarmed labourers shepheards and Artisans who could cast stones and handle slings well their captaines were not much more skilfull in their charges and dueties but being once acquainted with the Turkes they recouered Crossebowes and harquebuses and did learne to vse them Their greatest feare in Spaine was that they should haue intelligence with the Turkes of Alger and the Moores of Barbarie their neighbours the which they could not preuent The marquesse of Mondejar pursuing Aben Humeia hee brought his armie to Pitres
hee was bound was stayed and sent backe into Flanders with instructions to the duke of Alba to entertaine the practises of the malecontents of England but this froward and disdainfull man Duke of Medina Celâ— sent to succeede the Duke of Alba in the lowe Contries being incensed for that they had refused him the gouernment of the Netherlands for D. Frederic his sonne and that the duke of Medina Celi was sent to succeed him he contemned and ouer-threw all that practise where without doubt he might haue done much harme Newes being come to Flesingue that the duke of Medina Cell 1572 was arriued neere vnto Ostend with forty vessels they sent forth twelue Ships of warre who tooke diuers of them Duke of Medina refuseth the gouernment of Flanders and the duke was forced with twelue more to fly to land in a cocke boat Hee thought at his comming thither that all troubles had beene pacified but seeing that there was more confusion than euer and greater ruines than hee could repaire he excused himselfe for not accepting the gouernment and demanded leaue to returne the which was some dishonour to the duke of Alba. This yeare the king of Spaine being iealous of the French king least hee should aid his subiects of the Netherlands was verie irresolute in giuing aid vnto the league Difficulties in pursuing the victorie against the Turke his Ministers in Italie propounding new enterprises in Afrike as well for the hope which the king of Tunis gaue them as to free the coast of Spaine from that neast of Pyrats The which did much distast the Pope hee beeing verie desirous to see some better fruits of their victorie and that the league might continue inuiolably with the like conditions that it was made Whereupon the kings Ministers were forced to discouer vnto his Holinesse the feare they had of the French least they should countenance his subiects in the Low Countries but the Pope being assured of the contrarie by the French king hee grew discontented against the Spaniards as if they had inuented it to reape all the benefit they could of that warre transporting it into Afrike notwithstanding the iealousie increased and although they made prouision of all sides to send forth a mighty armie yet they proceeded coldly and found many delaies Pope Pius being newly dead although the Pope did shew himselfe very desirous to maintaine the league and did solicit it earnestly yet it required much time and the Spaniards being discontented that they could not draw the armie against some places in Afrike from whence they receiued great annoyance were slowe in execution this yere Yet after many delaies D. Iohn general of the league could not auoid it but granted two twenty gallies to the confederats and sixe thousand foot to be distributed among their gallies himselfe remaining at Messina with the rest of the armie to succour where his Majesties occasions should require if the French should shew themselues enemies There parted then from Messina Marc Antonio Colonna with the gallies of the Church and the knight Gil d' Andrada Fâ—scarin Generall for the Venetiens whome D. Iohn had made Commaunder of the king of Spaines two and twenty gallies and being ioyned at Corfu with Iames Foscarin who was newly made general for the State of Venice Veniero being dismist in fauor of D. Iohn they thoght to haue some certain intelligence of the enemies fleet being come forth vnder the coÌ„mand of Vluccialy who was much made of esteemed by Selim for those poore spoiles which he got of the knights of Malta being a signe that hee had fought and vanquished although his companions in the battel had bin defeated and forced to flie who like a politik couragious Captaine did so solicit new prouisions of an armie shewing that the losse was not so great as the amazed multitude did esteeme it as hee put his Lord in better hope Number of the Turkes Armie Hauing drawne all his forces together he had a fleet of two hundred gallies galleots and foists with fiue galleasses with the which they sailed towards Maluagia The general Colonna who in the absence of D. Iohn held the first place Foscarin hearing where the enemy was after consultation they went to fight with him hauing 140 gallies 23 ships six galleasses and thirty smaller barkes descouering them as they parted from Dragoniere but for that the wind was contrarie they could make no vse of their galleasses which kept them from fighting But Vluccialys fleet being more in number than in force he thought it sufficient to keep the enemie that yeare from attempting any matter of importance and not to hazard a battell and therefore still in his retreat he made a shew as if he wold fight with which art he fled from them with reputation At that time D. Iohn had a resolute answere from the Catholike king that he might ioine with the army of the league with all his forces and attempt some thing against the Turke what they should thinke most fit whereof hee had aduertised the Generals at Corfu at such time as they had resolued to goe and affront the enemie so as they thought it not fit to stay and attend him as hee desired But Vluccialy beeing retyred and the Generalls being come to Capsali vnder Cerigo there they had letters from D. Iohn who called them backe to Zante and then to Corfu whether after many difficulties they brought the armie but D. Iohn would not willingly free the generals especially Colonna for that they had not attended him whereupon their resolutions against the enemie fell out crosly but Foscarin and others laboured by all meanes to pacifie that disdaine and they made a new resolution to goe against the enemies fleet which they vnderstood lay in the port of Nauarino and some vnder Modone The Christians had sayled as farre as Striuali when as D. Iohn de Cardone being sent to discouer the enemie gaue them that aduice which made them resolue to hasten their voyage that night so as they might bee vpon the enemie before day the which was better deuised than executed for they arriued so late as being first discouered by the Turkes they might retire with all their fleet vnder the fort of Modone and defend themselues long from the Christians armie who sought by diuers meanes but alwaies in vaine to draw them out of the fort to fight They resolued for that they would not remaine there in vaine to beseege the Castle of Nauarino a place of fame hauing giuen the charge thereof to the prince of Parma but with weake prouisions where hee preuailed nothing they beeing soone relieued by land with many horse and foot by the garrisons thereabouts Hauing staied in those seas some daies being in October and fearing an Autumne storme and the kings Gallies beginning to want biscuit they were constrained to depart the which did much discontent the Ministers of the State of Venice for that they had
Mariage of the Duke of Sauoy and the Infanta D. Catherina in Spaine where his Maiesty attended him without the citty 〈◊〉 receiued him with wonderfull signes of ioy doing him exceeding great honour The same day that he arriued he put the ring vpon his spouses finger the King hâ—r father hâ—lding her hand there assisting at the ceremonie the Cardinall of Seuille to whom some few daies before a hat had beene sent with the Cardinall Granuellâ— who made them sure Monsieur Tauerna the Popes Nuntio the Arch-bishop of Sarragossa Vincentio Gâ—adâ—nigo Ambassador of Venice with other principall Noblemen The next day according to the custome of the Realme the married couple came to the Arch-bishops church who performed the ceremonie couered with a white raile Masse beeing sayd and returning to the pallace they dyned in publike at one table his Maiesty the Duke his wife and the Infanta Donna Izabella beeing all set of one side for many daies after there were great triumphs tiltings tourneys and other knightly sports made by the Nobility of Spaine who shewed themselues very gallant in all their sports especially the Duke of Medina del Rio-secco Admirall of Castile the Duke of Albuquerque the Duke of Medina Celi the Duke of Maqueda the Marquis of Denia the Duke of Pastrana the Marquis of Aguilar and the Prince of Ascoli besides the great Commander of Castile who was fauorite and Lord Steward to the Prince D. Philip. To these there ioyned a great number of Knights of no lesse Nobility but not of so great dignitie as well Spaniards as strangers who were come thither to honour this feast of the Catholike King their Lord. The Duke of Sauoy had also brought with him a great troupe of gallant Nobility of the which on the foure and twentith day of May he made Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen Iohn Baptista of Sauoia and the Marquis of Chambery and besides these the Marquis of Nemours his cousin and Ascanio Roba who were absent and withall Caâ—lo Pallauicino newly made Master of the Dutchesse horse Count Sanuitali and Michel Bonelli But eight dayes after the King did honour three Princes with the Order of the golden Fleece the Duke his sonne-in-law the Admiral of Castile and the Duke of Medina Celi There were many rich presents mutually giuen by the King and Duke and by the Noblemen both Spaniards and Italians Then in the beginning of Iune the married couple beeing accompanied by the King Prince and the Infanta Donna Izabella went to Barcellona where they tooke shippe in Doriâ—s Admirall gally and beeing accompanied with forty other gallies hee brought them safely to Genoua and entertayned them with great state in his owne house from whence they past to Nizza then going with an honorable trayne towards Turin they were receyued with great signes of ioy and the feasts were renewed But the King of Spaine beeing returned to Sarragossa whither he had already sent the Court he caused the Prince to be sworne with the ordinarie solemnities and then he past into Castile About the same time there came to Court Pomponio Torello Earle of Mont Chiarulo with an Ambassage from his Princes the Duke and Prince of Parma the first requiring of his Maiestie the restitution of the castle of Placentia Ambassage sent into Spain from the Duke of Parma so necessarie for the preseruation not of his Estate but also of his life the mutinous people of Placentia being animated by the Spanish garrison to practise against the Duke as some conspiratours had lately done who beeing not supprest and punished although they were discouered gaue him continuall cause of feare The Prince did sollicite concerning the enterprise of Antwerp and also about his fathers affaires yet he refused to receiue it as a fauour done to him for that hee would not confirme an opinion that he was as distrustfull as his father of the Crowne of Spaine to whom and not to him hee would haue the castle yeelded This busines was referred to Cardinall Granuella the great Commaunder of Castile and to Iohn d' Idiagues at that time Secretarie of State with commission not to treate with any other of the Councell it seeming the king should yeeld that which hee ought Grâ—â—uella shewed himselfe very willing not onely for the equitie of the cause but also for a priuate bond he had vnto the Prince from whome he did aknowledge that his brother Monsieur de Champaigny held his life and for his Maiesties seruice whose affaires in Flanders depended chiefly vppon the Prince In the end the King resolued to make this restitution vnto the Duke and so he dispatched Count Pomponio with a commission to the Duke of Terranoua Gouernour of the State of Milan Castle of Placentia yeelded to cause the sayd castle to be restored the Castellan an beeing absent the which was accordingly performed and free possession deliuered to Prince Raynucio in his Grandfathers name This yeare there grew a popular tumult in Naples partly through the couetousnesse of the King of Spaines Ministers in that Realme during the time that the Duke of Ossuna was Viceroy the King hauing giuen order to the Viceroy to supply their wants in Spaine with such corne as they might well spare within the Realme hauing had a plentifull haruest Mutinie â—t Naples but they not onely transported the ouerplus but that which was needefull for their owne vse by a greedie desire of gaine so as when the Spring came they found that they had not corne sufficient which seeking to helpe by bringing in from fortaine parts they were forced to raise the price of corne and to make their bread lesse wherewith the people beeing vexed for it seemed strange to them to see scarcitie whereas they expected abondance who endured more by this want then the rest Whilst that on the ninth of May their elect Iohn Vincentio Starace was with the Deputies in the church of Santa Maria del nouo to consult touching the prouision of corne they began to mutine saying that it had beene accustomed to be done in Saint Augustines church and to adde deedes vnto their words they tooke Starace beeing weake and sicke and carried him with iniuries and ill vsage Beeing come thither he retired himselfe into a chappell which had a grate before it and there sovght to pacifie the furie of this multitude with good words the which notwithstanding increased as the number did growing almost madde There Staraee growing fearefull caused himselfe to be let downe into a tombe which these mad men vnderstanding he was suddenly drawne foorth and murthered with an hundred wounds after which they drew him through the streets and tearing him in peeces they carried them vp and downe the cittie in signe of a cruell reuenge The Viceroy carried himselfe indiscreetly in this mutinie and full of feare where as in the beginning he should haue supprest it by force and not to haue pourchased afterwards the name of cruell in his seuere punishments seeking
of Austria his base brother one Iohn de Soto to serue him as a Secretarie a man by nature tending to great matters to raise his Lord and Maister to a superlatiue greatnesse and by the meanes of Pope Pius the fift to aduance him to the realme of Tunes Motiues of the bad vsage of the Arragonoâ—â— for their liberties The which beeing suspect and displeasing vnto the King fearing the diminution of his presented Monarchie after that hee had well obserued his dessiegnes and actions it was thought fit to call home Soto from D. Iohns seruice and to substitute Escouedo in his place In the beginning this Secretary Escouedo did serue his Lord Don Iohn well to the Kings good liking but in time they discouered plainly that hee troad in the same pathe that Soto had done entertaining secret correspondencies in the Court of Rome for his Maisters aduancement by the Popes poursute who possest him with an Imagination of the Crowne of England the which did much displease the King although it were no preiudice to him Don Iohn beeing returned soone after out of Italy into Spaine to receiue his commission and Instructions for the gouernment of the Netherlands he parted well satisfied and full of hope of this Conquest of England Beeing come into the Netherlands and hauing ratified the pacification of Gant made by the Generall Estates the Prince and the particular Estates of Holland Zeland and their associates with the Estates of Brabant Flanders Arthois Henault c. by which pacification all strange Souldiers should depart the countrie so as Don Iohn thought and such was his first and most assured desseigne to make vse of the sayd Soldiers in their retreate to execute this exploite of England But whether the Generall Estates of the Lowe Countries who had then made an alliance with England discouered his intent or not when as hee could not finde meanes to retire his souldiers by sea for want of shippes which they refused him that desseigne of England turned into smoake Notwithstanding that the Pope would haue assisted him as well with money as with Bulls granting him the inuestituure of that Realme to hold it of the Popes Sea The which the King of Spaine without whose priuitie this businesse was in the beginning managed hauing himselfe a greedy desire to that realme as did afterwards appeare could secretly crosse Don Iohn beeing much grieued in heart at this escape yet seeming still very obsequious and dutifull to the King hauing in some sort caused the Spaniards and Italians to retire but not far off and keeping the Germaine Collonels at his deuotion and not causing them to retire hee afterwards seazed vpon the Castle of Namur whereby all his practises were discouered and many letters were intercepted written by him and Escouedo his Secretarie Wherevpon hee was declared an enemy to the Lowe Countries Then hee beegan to treate secretly and to make priuate alliances in France with the Duke of Guise all without the King of Spaines priuitie and knowledge the which did mooue him much obseruing these courses of Don Iohn and his Secretary Escouedo whereof Antonio de Vargas Ambassador for the King of Spaine in France aduertised Antonio Perez Secretary of State to the sayd King who presently acquainted his maister therewith Among other things that Don Iohn said that hee had rather seeke his fortune in France with 6000. foote and 2000. horse then to stay any longer in the gouernment of the Netherlands On the other side Don Iohn by his letters which hee did write into Spaine made strange complaints full of bitternesse and despaire yea with threates if they suffered him to languish any longer in that estate and his letters were seconded by Escouedo who wrote to Antonio Perez whom he held to be a friend to Don Iohn and himselfe but hee discouered all their secrets vnto the King as it appeared by letters written from Perez vnto the King and noted in the margent with the Kings owne hand During all this businesse Escouedo beeing sent for into Spaine the King resolues to haue him made away either by murther or poyson as well for the great liberty and boldnesse hee vsed in his writing as for the strange speeches he sometimes vttered which were very displeasing vnto the King taking for a coulour a certaine proposition made by him to fortifie and man the rock of Magro and of some 6000. Ducats imployed by him contrary to the Kings intent In the end after that he had conferred with the Marquis of Velez and duly considered of all Escouedos practises holding it a dangerous matter to send him back to Don Iohn the King found it expedient to haue him slaine So Escouedo returning home to his lodging in the night he was murthered in the streete by Garcia of Arres and his confederates at the induction of Antonio Perez who had receiued commandement from the King Hauing beene formerly concluded betwixt the King and Perez that if the murtherers should chance to bee apprehended that Perez taking the fact wholy vpon himselfe should flie into Arragon whereas the King might more easily defend him then in Castile Escouedo beeing murthered in this manner the fact began to be discouered The widow and her sonnes made their complaints against Perez The King receiued them into his Councell of State but hee sent them not before their Ordinary Indge himselfe giuing the whole knowledge of the fact to the President of Castile and commanding him to talke with Escouedos sonnes and to the Secretary Mathew Vasques who presented their complaint to the end they might bee silent But all the Presidents admonitions were of no force yea hee made them more violent in their complaints Perez aduised the King to suffer this fact to come to a triall of lawe with a moderate slow poursute yet not to decree any thing or else that he would giue him leaue to retire from Court the which the King tooke in ill part promising him by the faith of a Knight neuer to abandon him and that hee would keepe him in his seruice But Perez in the meane time saw the storme approching whereof hee was the more assured after the death of the Marquis of Velez who had beene a liuely witnesse vnto him The King seeing him perplexed and in distresse for this death did confirme this promise againe vnto him more strictly In the meane time they doubled their complaints the which in like maner tending to the dishonor and to charge the Princesse of Eboly the complainants framed at large by writing and presented it to the King yet for all this hee gaue no sentence but being prest by Vasques to whom he had begun to discouer himselfe as appeared by the answer which hee made him in writing coppyed by Perez with a postscript of the Kings In the end the King commanded his Confessor to reconcile the Princesse and Perez with Vasques wherevnto the Princesse would not giue eare finding her selfe wronged for that she
being Lieutenant to the Earle of Sussex to enter which after he and foure or fiue other souldiers more had done the like charge was giuen to Captaine Pooley who carried the Generals red Ensigne whereupon sir Arthur Sauage Captain of the Earles company with diuers Gentlemen followers and seruants to his Lordship took the same course In the mean time whilest that thirtie or fortie were thus entred into the Towne the Lord Marshal who besides his own soldiers had with him the generals gard of partizans forced the Port which his Lordship espying being not ten paces from it hee presently turned from the leape and entred that way carrying with him all the chiefe Aduenturers of the armie and worthy Sir Iohn Wingfield who before had flaine a Commaunder of the enemies with his pike and was cast behind hauing a shot in the thigh but hauing recouered one of the enemies horses hee came vp presently to second them not staying for any dressing From the entrance of the English into the Towne vntill they came vnto the Market place the enemie fought with them continually and kept them play aboue halfe an houre before they could recouer it yet at the last hauing wonne the place from them they notwithstanding so flanked it and kept their houses which were built like castles as they slue many of the English and among others that valiant gentleman Sir Iohn Wingfield who though vnarmed offered himselfe continually to all daungers so as hee was shot in the head from the castle which did continually play vpon those that made good this market place At length they got into the houses which annoyed them and slue those they found in them And as the Lord Generall before it was darke cleered all thereabouts but the castle or that which they call the vpper Towne so the Lord Marshall cleered all the other side towards the water and brought those that were in the Fort and Bulwarke of Saint Philip to sue for mercie which done the Generals entred the Towne-house whither all the chiefe citizens came to kisse their feet The next morning both the Castle and forts yeelded to their mercie without any other conditions The poore and baser sort were dismist and all women of qualitie whatsoeuer The Corrigidor deliuered his sword vnto the Generall offering to bee his prisoner and to giue for himselfe and some others of good place twelue thousand ducats no man was slaine vpon cold bloud it was held there were about two thousand Spaniards slaine in the furie of the fight Besides the chiefe Commanders of the armie who had giuen many proofs of their valor and experience in martial affairs there were many gallant gentlemen which serued worthily in this action whome in the end the Generall rewarded with the honour of knight-hood I may not forget to â—ake particular mention of Sir Samuel Bagnol who receiued eight wounds with the pike and sword whome the Lord Generall meeting in the market place all bloudie knighted to the incouragement of all others before that either the castle was taken in or the whole Towne wonne The towne was verie rich and did much inrich the armie but the worthiest men got least for they were fighting whilest the baser sort intended nothing but pillage and spoile There was good store of brasse ordnance and though no great yet very happie store of poulder for the English hauing not aboue twelue hundred men their poulder was spent and they were ouerlaied on all sides with the number of the enemies shot who hurt and slue their men from the houses when they had made them quit the streets they found by chance by the market place such poulder as they had brought for their owne defence and the supply of their men that shold fight there with the which they serued their turnes till their succours were entred and the Towne assured The Prouisions of Sea for the kings fleet King of Spaines 〈◊〉 at Cadiz as mastes pike-staues deale-boards caske and all kinde of shot cables anchors wine oyle vinegar rice sugars and such like things were of great value and will not be supplied by the king of Spain in many yearâ—s And as for his losse in shipping the kings Officers of his nauie who were then taken prisoners did protest with sighes and teares that nineteene of the ships which they had spoiled with the S. Mathew and Saint Andrew which they had taken were able to beat the greatest part of ships that the king hath in all the world So as laying together the ruining of the Kings Fleet the enioying of some of his great ships of warre which before had neuer beene done the burning of the Indian fleet of Merchants whose lading the prisoners confest to haue beene worth eight Millions the impeaching him to send that yeare to releeue his men at the West-Indies and so by consequence to receiue no treasure from thence the next yeare the â—aking of the Citie wherein were foure thousand foot and sixe hundred horse of the chiefe caualiers of Andaluzia the sacking of this place from whence he is to set out all his fleets for the West Indies and the spoyle of all his prouisions there All this I say layed together will proue one of the greatest blowes that euer Spaine receiued Yet all this was done in one day and without any great losse for in the whole fleet there was not any man of note but Sir Iohn Wingfield slaine At the assault and winning of the towne many gentlemen were hurt and some slaine and yet not many considering the strength of the place and the nature of the attempt As soone as the English fleet was entred into the road and that the Spaniards had discouered the Dutch squadron in the fight immediately both at Seuille Saint Lucar and some other places they did not onely arrest all such Dutch ships as dealt with them friendly by way of trade and marchandise but did confiscat their goods and did imprison the marchants and owners of the same and as it was reported did intreat many of them verie cruelly The English being masters of the towne of Cadiz the two Generals had an especiall care for the well-intreating of all religious persons both men and women whom they caused to be freely transported ouer to port Sancta Maria without any ransome or other molestation and giuing the bishop of Cusco free passage without ransome they let him vnderstand That they came not to deale with Church-men or vnarmed men and men of peace or with children neither was it their intent to make this voyage for gold siluer or any other riches but that their onely comming was to meet with their dishonourable practises and many iniuries and to deale with men of warre and valour for the defence of the true honour of England and to let them vnderstand that whensoeuer they attempted any base and dishonourable practise against their Soueraigne Queene and Mistresse that it should be reuenged The day before the English departed from Cadiz being
being out of hope of a peace with the English and Hollanders caused them to proceed in the treatie with the French whereupon the deputies of either king came to Veruins Who hauing long disputed and being often readie to breake off almost in despaire in the end a peace was concluded in Iune this yeare 1598. Peace betwixt Spaine and France The deputies for the French king were Monsieur de Bellieure Counsellor of State and Monsieur de Syllery Counsellour also of State and President of the Court of Parliament at Paris And for the Catholike king Iohn Richardot knight President of his priuie Councell Iohn Baptista Taxis Commaunder de los Santos of the Order of Saint Iames and of his Councell of State and warre and Lewis Verreichen knight chiefe Secretarie and Treasorer of the Charters of the said Councell of State who according to their Commissions concluded in the name of the said kings That the treatie of peace made at Castle Cambresis Contents of the articles of the peace in the yeare 1559 betwixt the kings of France and Spaine should be newly confirmed and obserued That all hostilitie and quarels should cease with promise not to annoy nor prejudice one another That their subjects should haue free traffique That all places taken since the treatie of Castle Cambresis should bee restored of either part within two monethes That the said kings and the Infanta of Spaine reserued vnto themselues all the rights actions and pretensions by reason of the said realms countries or seigniories whereunto they or their predecessors haue not expresly renounced to make their pursuit by some friendlie course or by justice and not by armes The force and life of king Philip began to decline Cession of the Lâ—w Countries to the Infanta of Spaine which he foreseeing hee was desirous to effect the promise which he had made to the Archduke Albert his nephew and if the mariage betwixt him and the Infanta Isabella his daughter were not consummated yet they might be assured by the cession of the prouinces which he meant to make in fauour of it Whereupon the sixt of May he caused to be read at Madrid in the presence of prince Philip his only son who was then about 20 yeres old of D. Gomes d' Auila marques of Vellada Lord Steward of the princes house D. Christopher de Mora earle of Castell Roderigo great Commaunder of the Alcantara D. Iohn d' Idiaques great Commaunder of Leon all three Counsellours of State and Nicholas Damant knight President and Chauncellour of Brabant with la Lâ—o Secretarie of the affaires of the Low Countries the contract by the which he did institute the future spouses and their heires of what of what sexe soeuer 1598 soueraigne Lords of all the Prouinces of the Low-countries of the franche countie of Bourgondie and of the countâ—e of Charolois with condition that the donation and cession should be void and of no force in case the marriage were not accomplished That the eldest of the lawfull children issuing of this marriage should be preferred before the younger Articles of the cessiâ—n and the male the female iointly in all the Prouinces without any diuision That for want of lawfull heires it should returne to the Crowne of Spaine And that they should not alienate any part thereof without the consent of the heires and successors of the king of Spaine That the Princesse heire of the Netherlands being a maiden or widow should marrie the king of Spaine or the prince his Sonne and if shee haue neither will nor power to doe it with the Popes dispensation shee shall not take any aliance but with the consent of the kings of Spain And so of the heirs and descendents of the future Spouses That al negotiation and traffik to the East and West Indies shall bee forbidden them and their subiects That the Archduke suruiuing the Infanta hee should hold those Countries during his life That hauing children their portions should bee assigned them vntill that the elder after the decease of the father should take possession of the whole That onely the Catholike Apostolike and Romish religion should bee maintained in the said Prouinces and in case of contrauention by them or their descendents they should lose their rights to the said Countries Prince Philip did consequently ratifie this donation Donation ratefied by Prince Philip. more as some thought to please the king his father than for any good liking hee had of it for she depriued him of many goodlie and rich Prouinces And the Infanta his Sister hauing accepted the transaction sent her fathers and bothers letters Patents to the Gouernours and Councels of the Prouinces with their letters which promised all assistance for the warre and her owne which contained a declaration of this accord Thus the Archduke as the Historie saith married a great Princesse a troublesome quarrell and a long sute all in one day From which time shee did write vnto him as a wiâ—e doth vnto her husband taking vpon her the titles of all those Countries and Prouinces and sending him a procuration to take possession in her name The empresse mother to Albertus and sister to the king of Spaine receiued the promise of marriage for her Sonne and did also make a promise in the name of the Archduke Albert. The king of Spaine would moreouer shew King of Spaine makes a new contract for the paiment of his debts that in giuing his daughter the Infanta to the Archduke hee would not abandon them for want of money to continue the warre against the vnited Prouinces hee made a new contract with Camillo Soniolla Maluenda and Grimaldi to whome hee did reassigne and confirme the reuenues of Spaine and reuoked the edict which had beene made at Pardo vpon condition that for an ouerplus and new loane they should furnish him with seuen millions and two hundred thousand ducats paying euerie month two hundred and fifty thousand ducats to the Archduk Albert to supply the charges of the low countrie warres that for the space of eighteen monthes the first paiment whereof should be due the last of Ianuarie in the said yeare 1598 the whole summe for the Low countries amounting to foure millions and a halfe The rest should be paied in Spaine or where hee should command after the rate of an hundred and fiftie thousand ducats monthly for eighteene monthes together both which parties amount to 7200000 ducats The king of Spaine sent in the beginning of this yere 4 thousand Spaniards Spaniards sent into the Low-Countries Besognes into the Low countries to fortifie the Archduke Albert whoe as it seemes did not greatly trust the Wallons D. Sancho de Leua was their cheife commaunder ouer foure Colonels they came by sea in 40 ships the lesser got safely into Callice for that the Estates ships had bin forced by fowle weather to weigh aâ—â—hor yet they took one of the greatest in the which was Alonso Saâ—ches
the royall galley of Naples and to be brought to Seuile in the galley of D. Pedro de Toledo the Generall there to be more safely kept But afterwards to take all knowledge from the world hee caused him to be shut vp in the castle of S. Lucar Gallerien put in the Castle of S. Lucar The Portugals hope that hee shall come forth in despight of all his enemies and fulfill all the prophecies that are made of him and recouer possession of his realmes It is in the power of the king of Spaine but it is not likely that hee will seeke to verifie the qualitie of this person by any other meanes for if hee causeth him to bee declared an impostor and to be punished the Portugals who had procured him to maintaine himselfe to be their king Policie of the Counsel of Spaine might hereafter suborne another to the same end whereas so long as they shall beleeue this man is aliue they will not attempt any thing infauour of another and this man beeing detained perpetually in prison or in the galleys shall daily feele the paines of death without dying And if he were duely proued to be such as he qualifies himselfe reason and equitie would require that he should bee restored to the iust and lawfull possession of his Estates which is the fairest rose of the Spaniards girland and the rarest pearle of his cabinet Whatsoeuer hee bee Donatus and Delphinus Procurators of Saint Marc at Venice beeing sent to congratulate the French kings victories and his mariage they were demanded by the Prince of Conde what iudgement the seigniorie of Venice made of him who called himselfe king of Portugall to whom they made no other answer but that the State had done what it might in his cause and that he had beene ill counselled and conducted This yeare the Queene of England was much troubled with her rebels in Ireland by reason of the aide and support they receiued from Spaine Spaniards sent into Ireland the king sending D. Iohn d' Aguilar vnto them with aboue two thousand old souldiers in sixe ships they came to Castel-hauen Baltemoore and Beer-hauen all three important places here they landed their men with an intent to fortifie them beeing then about the end of September Sir Richard Leuison who was Admiral of some of the Queens ships lying then in the hauen of Kinsale hearing of the Spaniards comming into the aboue named ports he drew forth his ships both against wind and weather went fought with the Spaniards within Castel-hauen where he did so batter them as he made 5 of their 6 shippes vnseruiceable most of their men were landed before he came by reason of the weather who played dangerously vpon him with their ordnance from the land whereof they were wel furnished with great store of munition Presently after D. Iohn d' Aguilar put himselfe into Kinsale with most of his Spaniards where he fortified himselfe whither in October after Kinsale besieged 〈◊〉 the Spaniards in it the Lord Montioy Lord Deputie of Ireland and Generall of her Maiesties forces in that kingdome came with an armie to besiege him the which continued long in a very vnseasonable time and was in shew very dangerous for the English for they within the towne were for the most part old souldiers well armed and in no want as was supposed and without the rebels were all in armes and had drawne their forces together which were the greatest that euer had bin seene together in Ireland being sixe thousand foot whereof there were sixe companies of the new arriued Spaniards and fiue hundred horse and began to march towards Kinsale with an assured hope to releeue the towne raise the siege and defeat the English if they of the towne did sallie forth when as Tâ—rone and Odonell should giue charge vnto the campe they had great reason to hope for good successe for the English were scarce so many in number all in a manner tyred with the miseries of a long winters siege their horses weake and decaied and likely to want victuals Notwithstanding continuing their approaches still towards the towne as if they regarded not the rebels on the twentieth of December at night the Lord Deputie had intelligence that Tyrone and the rebels would campe the next night within a mile and a halfe of them with all their forces and so on the 21 day at night he shewed himselfe with most of his horse and foot vpon the toppe of a hill within a mile of the English campe I must craue pardon if I make a relation of this battell and the ouerthrowe of the rebels armie in this historie of Spaine Reasen why this is inserted into the history both for that they were then relieued by the king of Spaine with money men and munition and supported in their rebellion and also for that the yeelding vp of Kinsale by the Spaniards depended wholly vpon this action Tyrone shewing himselfe as I said before and seeing two regiments of foot with some horse drawne out of the campe and marching towards him he retired to the other side of the hill where he camped that night beeing fortified both with woods and water One the three and twentieth day the Lord Deputie was aduertised Letters from D. Iohn de Aguilar to the L. Deputie and had also intercepted letters written from D. Iohn d' Aguilar Generall of the Spaniards and commaunder within the towne by which he did presse and importune Tyrone to make an attempt vpon the English campe intimating his wants and likelihood to be soone forced putting the rebels in mind of their faithfull promises to succour him and of the easinesse of the enterprise and vndoubted successe assuring them that the English were much decayed in numbers and that those which remained were much weakened with that long winters siege so as it was not possible they should be able to maintaine so much ground as they had taken when their strength was full if they on the one side and he on the other charged them at one instant which he for his part promised to doe whensoeuer they should giue the attempt It seemeth that vpon this aduice they resolued to put it in execution that night or the next following In the meane time they gaue the English continuall alarmes and made sallies from the towne keeping them still in action that they might be the lesse able to make resistance when they were charged But the Lord Deputie prouided for all inconueniences making forts barricadoes and trenches and fortifying all the approaches to the towne keeping good gards and his armie ready vpon all occasions On the 23 day at night hee was assured that the next day the rebels would charge his campe whereupon he commanded the whole armie to be in readinesse Tyrone had an intent early in the morning to put all his Spaniards into the towne with eight hundred of his best Irish vnder Tyrrell but seeing at the breake
of day some of the English troupes aduance hee made a stand and then retired to the body of their armie The Lord Deputy giuing the charge of the camp to Sir George Carew then L. President of Munster to attend the Spaniards within the towne hee drewe forth part of his forces beeing about foure hundred horse and a thousand and two hundred foot and hearing that the enemie retired disorderly Rebels and Spaniards defeated in Ireland hee aduanced towards them who still retired with feare In the end omitting euery particular circumstance touching the marshalling of the English armie to them that write that historie they ouertooke the rebells charged them and put them to rout The Spaniards being abandoned by the Irish were almost all slaine D. Alonso d' Ocampo their colonell with three Captaines sixe Alferez and fortie souldiers were taken prisoners There were found of Irish onely twelue hundred bodies dead vpon the place and about twelue hundred hurt whereof many died that night The rebels lost two thousand armes which were brought forth all their munition their drummes nine ensignes whereof sixe were Spanish the English had but one man slaine and not aboue tenne hurt Thus they got a miraculous victorie to the great honor of the Lord Deputie and of all that commanded vnder him After this glorious victorie the Lord Deputie posted that present day vnto the camp lest the Spaniard should haue made some sally in his absence but they had not attempted any thing the next day he commaunded the approaches vnto the towne should be aduanced nearer But after fiue or sixe daies worke D. Iohn d' Aquilar who commanded the forces within the towne offered to parle and sent a drumme with a letter sealed vp to the Lord Deputie by the which he demaunded that some men of qualitie and sufficiencie might be sent into the towne from his Lordship to conferre with him whom hee would acquaint with such conditions as hee then stood vpon whereunto the Lord Deputie condescended imploying sir William Godolphin in that busines the which was managed after this maner according to the originall D. Iohn told sir William D. Iohn d' Aquilars speech that hauing found the Lord Deputie whom hee termed Viceroy although a furious and powerfull yet an honourable enemie and the Irish not onely weake and barbarous but as he feared treacherous friends he was so farre in his affections reconciled to the one and distasted with the other as it did inuite him to make an ouerture of such a composition as might be safe and profitable for the state of England with least preiudice to the Crowne of Spaine by deliuering into the Viceroyes power the towne of Kinsale with all other places in Ireland held by the Spanish so as they might depart vpon honourable termes fit for such men of warre as are not inforced by necessitie to receiue conditions but willingly induced vpon iust respects to disingage themselues and to leaue a people by whom their king and master had bin so notoriously abused if not betrayed That if the Viceroy liked to entertaine further parley touching this point he would first be pleased to vnderstand them rightly and to make his Propositions such as might be sutable to men throughly resolued rather to bury themselues aliue and to indure a thousand deaths than to giue way to one article that should tast of basenesse or dishonor being so confident of their present strength and the royall succors of Spaine as they should make no doubt of yielding a good accompt of themselues and of their interest in this kingdome but that a just disdaine and splene conceiued against the nation dissuaded them from beeing farther ingaged for it than of necessitie they must Sir William Godolphin hauing charge from the Lord Deputie only to receiue D. Iohns propositions and demaunds hauing made this relation to his Lordship and the Councell he was sent backe by them with this answer following That although the Lord Deputie hauing lately defeated their succours Answer from the Lord Deputie to D. Iohn did so well vnderstand his owne strength and their weakenesse as it made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a short time whom hee knew to be prest with vnresistable difficulties how much soeuer they laboured to couer and conceale them yet knowing that her sacred Maiestie out of her gratious and mercifull disposition would think the glorie of her victorie blemished by a voluntary effusion and obstinate expence of bloud was content to entertaine this offer of agreement so as it might be concluded vnder such honourable Articles for her Highnesse as the aduantage she had against them gaue reason to demaund The which were the same that are set downe in the Articles of Agreement following signed by the Lord Deputie D. Iohn and others sauing that there was an Article more in them for the leauing of his treasure munition ordnaunce and the Queens naturall subiects to her disposition all which points he did peremptorily refuse Protesting that both he and all his would rather indure the last of miseries than be found guilty of so soule a treason against the honor of his prince and the reputation of his profession although hee should find himselfe vnable to subsist much more now when as hee might not onely hope to sustaine the burthen of the warre for a time but with patience and constancy in the end ouercome it That hee tooke it so ill to be misunderstood in hauing articles of that nature propounded vnto him as were they but once againe remembred in the capitulation the Viceroy should from thenceforth vse aduantage of his sword and not the benefit of his former offer adding that the Viceroy might rather thinke to haue made a good and profitable purchase for the realme of England if with the expence of two hundred thousand ducats hee had procured D. Iohn to quit his interest and sooting but in Baltemore alone speaking nothing of Kinsale Castel-hauen Beerhauen for said he suppose that all wee with the rest of our places here had perished yet would that Peninsula being strong of its owne nature bettered by our art and industrie furnished as it is with victuals munition and good store of ordnance preserue vnto the king of Spaine a safe and commodious Port for the arriuall of his fleet and bee able to maintaine it selfe against a Land armie of tenne thousand vntill Spaine being so deepely ingaged did in honour releeue them which would drawe on a more powerfull inuasion than the first being vndertaken vpon false groundes at the instance of a base and barbarous people who in discouering their weakenesse and want of power haue armed the king my master to relie vpon his owne strength being bound in honour to relieue his people which are ingaged and to cancel the memorie of our former misfortunes But this is spoken said he in case the Viceroy be able to force this town as I assure my selfe hee cannot hauing vpon mine honour
within these walles at this instant aboue two thousand fighting men which are strong and able besides which some hauing been sicke and hurt recouer daily the greatest part of these consisting of old Soldiers which fal not but by the sword and those that were new being now both trained to their arms and acquainted with the clymate are more able to endure than at the first our means as good as they haue beene any time these two moneths such as Spaniards can wel indure and able to suffice vs three moneths more wee lodge in good warme houses haue store of munition and which is best of all stand well assured that our succour will be here shortly To bee plaine wee preserue our men and reserue our strength the best we may hoping to front you in a breach which if our hearts faile vs not wee haue hands and brests enow to stop against treble your forces but I wil giue the Viceroy this right that his men are passing good yet spent and tyred with the miseries of a Winter seege which hee hath obstinately maintained beyond my expectation but with such caution and vpon so good gard as hauing nicely watched all aduantages I could neuer fasten a salley yet vpon him but with losse to my selfe wherein I must confesse my hopes were deceiued that grounding vpon some error in his approaches I promised vnto my selfe the defear of at least a thousand men at one blow But when wee meet vpon a breach I am confident vpon good reasons to lay fiue hundred of your best men on the ground and rest hopefull that the losse of those will make a great hole in an army which hath already suffered so much extremity But to conclude our businesse the king my master sent me to assist the Condees Oneale and Odonnel presuming on their promise that I should within few daies after the arriuall of our forces haue ioyned with them I expected them long in vaine sustained the Viceroys armie saw them drawne to the greatest head they could possibly make lodged within two miles of Kinsale fortified with certaine companies of Spaniards euerie houre promising to releeue vs and beeing ioyned together to force your campe At last wee saw them broken with a handful of men and dispersed into diuers parts of the world Odonnel into Spain Oneale into the farthest parts of the North so as now I finde no such Condees in rerum natura as I came to ioine with and therefore haue mooued this accord the rather to disingage the king my master from assisting a people so vnable in thēselues as the whole burthen of the warre must lie vpon him and so prefidious as perhaps they might be drawne in the end to betray him Vpon relation made by Sir William Godolphin to the Lord deputy Councel of these offers made by D. Iohn it was thoght good for many important reason to proceed roundly to an accord there being nothing propounded by him that admitted any exception but that he demanded to carrie away his ordnance 1601 munition treasure which did not so much import as it should breake off the treatie which concerned the common good and safety of the kingdom whereupon a composition was made vpon these articles following 1 That said D. Iohn d' Aguilar shall quit the places which he holds in this kingdome as well the towne of Kinsale Articles of the accord at Kinsale as those which are held by the Spaniards or other souldiers vnder his command in Castell-hauen Baltemore and in the Castell of Beerhauen or other places to the Lord deputie or to whome he shall appoint giuing him safe transportation sufficient shipping and victuals for his said Souldiers with the which the said D. Iohn may passe with them into Spaine if he may at one time if not at two shippings 2 That the Souldiers which are at this present vnder the command of the said D. Iohn in this kingdome shall not beare armes against the Queenes Maiesty of England whensoeuer supplies shall come from Spaine vntill the said Souldiers be vnshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine being sent away as soone as may be by the Lord Deputy as hee promiseth vpon his faith and honour 3 For the accomplishment whereof the Lord deputy offereth to giue free pasport to the said D. Iohn and his army as well Spaniards as other nations whatsoeuer that are vnder his command and that he may depart with his armes munition money ensignes displaied artillerie and any other prouisions for warre or other things both that which is in Castel-hauen Kinsale and other places 4 That they shall haue ships and victuals sufficient for their money after such rates as they vse here to pay That all the Souldiers and the said things may be shipt if it bee possible at one time if not at two and that to bee within the time aboue mentioned 5 That if by contrarie winds or any other accidents there shall come into any of the ports of Ireland or England any of those ships wherein the said Soldiers shall passe they shall bee intreated as friends and may ride safely in the harbour be victualled for their mony shal moreouer haue such things as shal be needful to furnish thē for their voiage 6 That during the time they shall stay for shipping victuals shall be giuen to D. Iohns people at reasonable rates 7 That there shall be cessation of armes of either side security giuen that no wrong be offered to any one 8 That the ships wherein the said Souldiers shall be transported for Spaine may passe safely by any of the queenes Maiesties ships of England and so shal the said Queenes and her subiects by those that shal go from hence and the said ships being ariued in Spaine shall return as soone as they haue vnshipt their men without any impediment giuen thē by his Maiestie or any other person in his name but rather they shall shew them fauour and help them if they need any thing and for securitie thereof they shall deliuer into the Lord deputies hands three Captaines such as he shall chose 9 For assurance of the performance of these articles D. Iohn promiseth that hee will confirme and sweare to accomplish this agreement whereunto some of the captaines vnder his charge shall in like maner sweare 10 That the said D. Iohn shall remain within the realme of Ireland where the Lord deputy shal appoint vntill the last shipping vpon his Lordships word if it happen that his soldiers be shipt all at once the said D. Iohn may go in the same fleet without any let but rather the Lord deputy shall giue him a good ship wherein he may passe and if his men go in two shippings then he shall go in the last 11 And in like maner the said Lord deputy shal confirm sweare the same giue his word in the Q. Maiesties behalf his own to keep accomplish this accord that the chiefe
returned him many good words to witnesse the alliance which hee desired to entertaine with the king of Spaine King of Englands answer to the Spanish embassador vpon the like tearmes hee had with him as king of Scotland But aduowing the Scottish troups which were sent to the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces to be leuied by his commaundement he said they had not deserued any punishment giuing leaue to king Philip to make vse of Scottishmen if he pleased and letting him know that he had not transgrest the lawes of neutralitie And as for their protection he desired he should vnderstand That the great interests which England hath with the vnited Prouinces as well in regard of their townes which they haue ingaged as for the succours which they haue receiued from thence did bind him to assist them and to haue a care of their preseruation and to second the intentions of the deceased queene and to build vpon the foundations which she had laied yet he desired to see them all well reconciled with the king of Spaine The embassador as my Author sayes answered That whosoeuer knew the power of the king of Spaine Spaniards think none so powerful as their own king were not ignorant that he can easily bring the rebelled Prouinces vnder the yoke of his obedience when hee shall please to make an enterprise equall to his power That no man should doubt that hee that had passed the Hellespont will easily passe the riuer of Granique and that a prince which triumphes ouer so many nations so many islands so many seas and so much firme land at the new-found world will not adde the islands of Holland and Zeland to his triumphant chariot the wise will alwaies giue the counsell which Phocion gaue vnto the Athenians either to make themselues the strongest or to be obedient vnto them that were so He then desired leaue to enter into conference with some of his Maiesties Councell and to consult of the meanes of some treatie which would be no lesse profitable and honourable to England than to Spaine the which was granted him After some meetings the lords finding that he had no power to treat they attended other deputies who came the next yeare with an ample Commission as you shall heare There fell out two accidents 1604 which had like to haue troubled the quiet of those two great Monarchs of France and Spaine Imposition exacted by the Spaniard The yeare before king Philip and the Archdukes had imposed thirtie in the hundred vpon all marchandise which came in or went out of the countries that were vnder their obedience the which did seeme directly to infringe the treatie of Veruins The French king commanded his embassadors to deale with those princes touching this imposition and to aduertise him of their resolutions But their aunswers and the force they vsed afterwards to the kings subiects to make them pay the imposition did witnesse sufficiently that they had no will to exempt them Whereupon the French king made a defence That no marchandise should bee carried out of France into Spaine or the Low Countries that were vnder the Archdukes obedience nor any bee brought from thence into France vpon corporall punishment and losse of goods But this did not alter the peace onely there were complaints made by the two kings one of another King Philip began He tooke it ill that the French going volâ—ntarily to serue the Estates did prolong their rebellion and did hinder the reduction of Ostend that the king did succour them with men and money and that hee had forbidden his subiects to traffique into Spaine and Flanders But the king disauowed them that went to serue the Estates If hee sent them money it was sayed he but to pay that which hee had borrowed And the defence of traffique tended to no other end but to force the king of Spaine and the Archduke to take away that intollerable imposition and to let him know that France can liue better without the commodities of Spaine than Spain without those of France The second accident Treason of Lost. or cause of jarre betwixt these two princes grew also from Spaine the French king complaining and justly That the secrets of his cabinet were discouered to his enemies Will the king of Spaine neuer cease said he to withdraw my subiects from their duetie and loyalties Will hee still entertaine some traytor within my realme My embassadour complaines vnto me by his letters that hee is so slowly aduertised of our affaires as the king of Spaines ministers know them before him The king being much troubled to find out the spring from whence this pestilent liquor of Infidelitie did flow behold God discouered the treacherie of Iudas by such meanes as the wisedome of man could not find out Villeroy the chiefe Secretarie of State who managed the greatest secrets of the kingdome had an vnder clerke called Nicholas Lost in whom hee reposed much trust and the rather for that his father had serued him long This young man hauing attended on Monsieur de la Rochepot being embassadour in Spaine there laied the plot of this treason whereof you may read the whole discourse at large in the historie of France There was some likelihood of a new enterprise this yeare vpon Africke Embassadours from the king of Cusco at Valencia The king of Cusco who had promised the last yeare to joyne with the Spaniards against Alger had receiued fortie thousand crownes vpon the bargaine and treacherously betrayed them that brought the money vnto their enemies this yeare hee sent an embassadour vnto the king who gaue him audience at Valencia Which made many thinke that hee would make another attempt vpon Alger for that he caused him to be conducted home by a Master of the campe and an Enginer giuing him great store of munition and fire-workes laden in three fregats The king of Spaine beeing aduertise out of England from his embassadour Taxis of the successe of his embassage Constable of Castille sent into England and of the expectation of a treatie hee appointed the Constable of Castille to vndertake this charge giuing him an ample Commission to treat and conclude a Peace betwixt England and Spaine hee past through France where he was verie honourably receiued and so came into Flanders to the Archdukes from whence he went into England for the conclusion of the peace There were Commissioners appointed on either side For the king of great Britaine were named Commissioners for the treatie of the peace for England the earle of Dorset high Treasurer of England the earle of Nottingham high Admirall of England the earle of Deuonshire Lieutenant of the kingdome of Ireland the earle of Northampton and the lord Vicont Cranborne principall Secretarie and now earle of Salisburie and high Treasurer of England being all of his Majesties priuie Councell For the king of Spaine there were deputed D. Iohn de Velasco Constable of Castille and Leon
Isabel were Isabel. Constance Alphonso By concubines Bastards D. Alphonso author of the familie of Albuquerque D. Peter who gaue himselfe vnto learning and made a booke of the great houses of Spaine D. Iohn D. Ferdinand A daughter maried to D. Iohn de la Cerde Another daughter a Nunne VII D. ALPHONSO the fourth sonne to D. Denis in the year 1325 hee raigned thirtie two yeares D. BEATRIX of Castille his wife mother to D. Pedro King D. Maria. D. Alphonso D. Denis D. Iohn D. Leonora or Fluira Queene of Arragon VIII D. PEDRO 1 of that name son to D. Alphonso 4 in the yere 1357 he raigned 10 yeres D. BLANCHE daughter to D. Pedro king of Castille whom he put away and then maried D. CONSTANCE daughter to D. Iohn Manuel mother to D. Lewis who died an infant D. Ferdinand King D. Marie wife to D. Ferdinand of Arragon D. Beatrix died young By AGNES de Castro a clandestine mariage D. Alphonso D. Iohn D. Denis D. Beatrix Countesse of Albuquerque D. Theresa Gallega a concubine D. Iohn who was King IX D. FERDINAND sonne to D. Pedro in the yere 1367 he raigned seuenteene yeres D. LEONORA TELLES de Meueses his wife D. Beatrix queene of Castille By a concubine he had Isabella Countesse of Gijon X. D. IOHN first of that name base sonne to the king D. Pedro he got the realme by his sword and also by election in the yere 1385 from D. Iohn king of Castille and D. Beatrix his wife He was before master of Auiz He raigned 49 yeres D. PHILIP of Lancaster an English woman his wife mother to D. Blanche D. Alphonso D. Edward king D. Pedro duke of Coimbra who maried D. Isabel of Arragon and had D. Pedro Constable who thought to be king of Arragon D. Iohn king of Cypres D. Isabel queene of Portugall D. Philip a Nunne D. Iames a Cardinall D. Beatrix wife to the Lord of Rauestaine D. Henrie duke of Viseo D. Isabel duchesse of Bourgondie D. Iohn Master of Saint Iames father to D. Isabel who was queene of Castille D. Ferdinand Master of Auiz Besides these lawfull children the king D. Iohn had by D. Agnes a concubine D. Beatrix Countesse of Arundel D. Alphonso Earle of Oren and Barcellos and duke of Bragance XI D. EDVVARD sonne to D. Iohn the first in the yere 1433 he raigned fiue yeres D. LEONORA of Arragon daughter to D. Ferdinand the first his wife mother to Children D. Alphonso king D. Ferdinand Duke of Viseo who maried D. Beatrix daughter to his vncle D. Iohn Master of S. Iames and had D. Leonora queene D. Dominike D. Emanuel king D. Isabel Duchesse of Bragance D. Philip a daughter D. Leonora wife to the Emperour Frederic the third D. Katherine D. Ioane queene of Castille XII D. ALPHONSO fift of that name sonne to D. Edward in the yeare 1438 and raigned 43 yeres D. ISABEL daughter to his vncle D. Pedro Duke of Coiâ—bra his wife mother to D. Iohn who died young D. Ioane D. Iohn king whom some call Ferdinand and make him father to Iohn which raigned and adde a third sonne D. Henrie XIII D. IOHN second of that name son to D. Alphonso the fift in the yere 1481 he raigned foureteene yeres D. LEONORA daughter to D. Ferdinand Duke of Viseo mother to D. Alphonso who died before his father By D. Anna de Mendosa a concubine D. George Master of S. Iames and Auiz XIIII D. EMANVEL Sonne to D. Ferdinand duke of Viseo by right and also by the nomination of king Iohn was king of Portugal in the yeare 1495 and raigned 26 yeares he maried first D. ISABELL eldest Daughter to D. Ferdinand and D. Isabell Kings of Castille and Arragon mother to D. Michel who liued little D. MARIA Sister to the said D. Isabell his second wife by whome hee had D. Iohn king D. Isabell Queene of Castille and Empresse D. Beatrix Duchesse of Sauoy D. Lewis father to D. Anthony the Bastard chosen king after Cardinall Henry his Vncle. D. Henry Cardinall D. Alfonso Cardinall D. Catherine D. Ferdinand D. Edward husband to Isabell daughter to Iohn or Iaime duke of Bragance had Marie duchesse of Parma Catherine duchesse of Bragance wife to Iohn second sonne to Theodosius Edward an after birth died in the yere 1576. D. Anthony he died soone after he was borne D. LEONORA sister to the Emperour Charles the fift mother to D. Charles he died an Infant D. Marie who being 56 yeres old died at Lisbone in the yeare 1578. XV. D. IOHN 3 of that name Sonne to D. Emanuell king of Portugall in the yeare 1521 he raigned thirty and sixe yeares D. CATHERINE sister to the Emperour Charles his wife mother to D. Alfonso D. Marie Princesse of Castille D. Catherine D. Beatrix D. Emanuell D. Philip. D. Iohn Prince father to D. Sebastian husband to D. Ioane daughter to the Emperour Charles D. Anthonie XXI D. SEBASTIAN Sonne to the Prince D. Iohn in the yeare 1557 hee raigned one and twentie yeares and died in Afrike leauing no heires XVII D. HENRY Cardinall Archbishop of Ebora sonne to the King D. Emanuel in the yeare 1578 he raigned about a yeare and a halfe XVIII D. PHILIP 2 king of Castille vnited the Realme of Portugall to Castille by force after the Cardinals death in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and eighty and held it eighteene yeares XIX D. PHILIP the third doth now hold this Realme ⧠Archbishops of Toledo Eugenius first Archbishop Pelagius Patruuius Turibio Quince Vincent Paulacius or Pauiat Natalis Audens Astur Isicius Maioran Castin Melancius Campeius Cintuacinus Patron Paramacius Peter 1. Celsus Montanus Iulian 1. Bacchand Peter 2. Eufemius Excipius Adelphius Aurasius Heladius Iustus Eugenius 2. Eugenius 3. Illefonsus Quiricius Iulian 2. Sesebert or Sicarius S. Felix Gunderic or Guttiere Sinderic Opas Vrbain In the time of the Moores Peter Cixilas After the Conquest of the Citie of Toledo from the Moores Bernard Abbot of Sahagun Raymond Iohn 1. Celebrun Gonsal 1. Martin Roderigo Ximenes Iohn 2. Guttiere 2. Pascal Sancho 1. Sancho 2 Infant of Arragon Gensal 2 Cardinall Guttiere 3. Gonsal 3. Iohn 3 Infant of Arragon Ximene de Luna Gill Carillo d' Albornos Cardinall Blaise Blasco Gomez Manrique Pedro Tenorio 4. Pedro de Luna 5 Sancho de Roias Iohn de Contreras 4. Iohn de Cerezuela 5. Guttiere Gomes de Toledo Alfonso Carillo de Acugna Pedro Gonsal de Mendosa a Cardinal Francis Ximenes a Cardinall William of Croy. Alfonso Fonseca of Azeneda Iohn Tauera Cardinall Iohn Martines Siliceo Cardinall Frier Barthelmew Carranza de Miranda 76. Archbishops Moores Gouernors vnder the Miralmumins or kings of Affrike Musa in the yeare 714 Tarif Abdulazis tooke the royal diademe at Seuille Aiub who restored the ancient Bilbilis and called it Calataiub Alabor Adam Abderrahamen Iahea Adaifa Alcazazin Hieman Autuman Alhatan Manes Mahumet Abderrahamen Abdimelic Abubacar Redoan Toaba Ioseph Soueraigne kings at Cordoua ouer the other Princes Moores in Spaine
Pegnafiel 669 Gouernment of a woman cause of contention 719 Gonsalo the great captaine breakes his faith and promise 996. he is made duke of Terranoua Sessa 874. his is honored by king Lewis 12. 883 Gouleta taken by the Emperor 988. taken againe by the Turkes 1174 Gouernors made by D. Sebastian going into Affrike 1200 Gouernors of Portugal after Henries death 1207 Gretians Authors of lies 2 Gracchus victory against the Celtiberians 92 Gregory Bishop of Ostia Protector of Vines 265 Grecians defeated by the Cattelans 455 Greene crosse the badge of the Knights of Calatraua 676 Granado yeelded to the Kings of Castile 940 Greedines of the Flemmings gouerning K. Charles 945. Greatnes of the King of Spaines dominions 1095 Gun-powder an ancient inuention 8 Guadalquibir the Spring and course 16 Guipuscoa a member of the realme of Nauarre 201. Guifts to Elenor of England Queene of Castile in fauour of her marriage 315 Guipuscoa yeelded to the king of Castile 335 Guipuscoans enemies to the Nauarrois 500 Gifts of Henry the 4. king of Castile 753 Gouernors draw king Philip into Portugal 1210 they seeke to dissolue the Estates ibid. H HAnno's voyage along the coast of Affricke 34 Hannibal sent into Spaine ibi he is made Gouernor of Spaine 36. he marcheth towards Italy 39 Hanno defeated by Scipio ibid. he is sent againe into Spaine 61 Hambroz the Moore betrayes the Toledains 180 Hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 326 Habit of the knights of Alcantara 355 Haro Lord of Biscay much honored by the king of Castile 429 Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and Don Alphonso of Albuquerque 532 Hatred among Courtiers cannot be reconciled but with the ruine of the one partie 701 Hatred of the Portugueses and Castillans 1210 Hesperus of whom Italy and Spaine are named 5 Hercules defeates the Curetes 9 Heauines in Gn. Scipio's army without apparent cause 47 Hermingild a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian 141 Henry of Lorrain the stemme of the house of Portugall 247. he is the fitst Earle of Portugall 258. D. Henry takes vpon him the title of king of Castile 566. he is defeated in battell 570. he is releeued againe by the French 572. hee is setled king of Castile 578. he is poysoned 596 D. Henry the 3. proclaymed king of Castile 628 Hermite an Impostor 644 D. Henry subdues his rebels ibid. D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ first discouered at sea 681 D. Henry Infant of Arragon depriued of his lands in Castile 684 D. Henry de Guzman drowned neere to Gibraltar 711. Henry Prince of Castile wonne by the Constables faction 726 Henry the fourth king of Castile giues his enemies meanes to make war against him 783. beeing destitute of all humane helpe hee hath recourse vnto God 784. he is degraded in effigie and his brother declared King of Castile 781. his patience ibid. hee oppresseth his trustie seruants and dares not deale with his rebels 796. hee is forsaken by his subiects 800 his indiscretion 803. his false oath 825. hee takes no cares for the succession of the Realme 841 Hermandades of Castile 828 Hernando Alraco beheaded 881 S. Herme at Malta taken by the Turke 1116 D. Henry king of Portugall 1204. his proceeding touching the succession 1205. his death and disposition 1207 Hypocrisie of the Infant D Sancho 417 Hypocrifie of the Inquisitors in Spaine 1123 Horses in Spaine 27 Hope and Despaire breed like effects at the seege of Sagunt 37 Honor and liberty animate valiant men 66 Hospitality of king Almenon a Moore 241 House of Biscay 313 Houses of Religion built by Alphonso king of Portugall being excommunicate 391 Hospitaliers enriched with the spoyls of the Templers 453 Houses of strength retreats for theeues ruines in Guipuscoa 740 House of Braganza in Portugall 776 House of Mendoza gouernes the Realme of Castile 797 Hospitall of S. Iames built for Pilgrimes 917 Hope of gaine makes vice remaine vnpunished 915. Hunger in the Emperors army at Alger 1005 Humanity of Metellus to poore innocents 100 Huns chase the Gothes out of their conquests 129 Humanity of the Gothes to the vanquisht Sueues 135. Humanity of King Hazen to a Christian his prisoner 214 Huesca taken and the Moores defeated 264 Humanity and modesty of a Moorish king 417 Hugh Iudge of Arborea murthered by his subiects 618. Humanity of Christians to banished Iewes 947 Husbandrie of Cardinall Ximenes 937 I IAen deliuered to the king of Castile 376 Iacobins first Inquisitors in Spaine 1120 Iberians gaue the name to Spaine 3 Idlenes makes souldiers insolent and mutinous 68. Idlenes and ease enemies to vertue 88 S. Iames taken by the Moores 21â— S. Iames of Compostella made an Arch-bishoprick 278. D. Iames king of Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew 428 D. Iames king of Maiorca slaine 525 Iew Collector of the kings reuenues slaine in Guipuscoa 774 Iewels and plate taken from Churches by the king of Castile 852 Iewes and conuerted Moores oppressed vpon slanderous reports 992 Iewes constrained to be baptized 958 Ignorance makes people subiect 30 Ignalada surprized by the Prince of Arragon 788 D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisoner 444 D. Iohn of Castile brings the Moores into Spaine against the king his brother 438 D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poisoned 537 D. Iohn of Abendagno murthered by the Lord of Biscay 539 D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the king of Castiles commandement 546 D. Iohn of Arragon in the king of Castiles presence 547 D. Iohn Master of Auiz aspires to the gouernment of Portugal 603. he is chosen king of Portugal 607. he cals the English into Spaine 613 D. Iohn de Pachâ—co gouerns Prince Henry of Castile 717 Iohn king of Arragon pawneth Roussillon to Lewis the French king 769. he is proclaimed an enemy to the country ibid. his clemency 1830. his second marriage ominous to the realme of Nauar 862. he giues the precedence to his son the king of Castile 864. his death 873 Iohn king of Nauar goes into Castile 962. hee is forced to retire into France 903 Saint Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards 1006 D. Iohn de Luna flies into France 1076 Iohn de la Valette great Master of Malta 1116 Islands about Spaine 3 Illiturgis beseeged by the Carthaginians 44. taken by Scipio 66 Illora yeelded to king Fernand. 917 Impiety of Valens 126 Impatiency of Thiâ—aud Earle of Champagne to reigne 366 Impiety of Manfroy Frederies bastard 389 Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugues de Prada 536 Imprisonment of the Master of Auiz 599 Imprisonment of D Pedro Maâ—rique 712 Imprisonment of Charles Prince of Viana 763 Impunity the nurse of all disorders 836 Impositions cause of troubles 1001 Imperial army landed at Alger 1003 Islands of Philippina discouered 1113 Imputations laied vpon the Duke of Alba. 1216 Indiscretion and rashnesse of Bostares 41 Infidelity of the Celtiberians 46 Integrity of Paulus Aemilius 86 Incounter of L. Bibius vnfortunat ibid.
subiect and a rebell but the king of Portugall excused himselfe and sought to bring D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque again into fauour but it tooke no effect for D. Iohn Alphonso entred into league with the Erle of Transtamare who was one of these Ambassadours and with Don Frederic master of Saint Iames and they proceeded so farre as beeing thrust on with hatred and disdaine of their king they sought to perswade D. Pedro Infant of Portugall to ioyne with them promising to make him king of Castile shewing him that hee had a title beeing Nephew or Grand-child to King Sancho the Braue sonne to his daughter Donna Beatrix But the king Don Alphonso his father crost this proiect and would not suffer his sonne to ingage himselfe in this enterprise The more to haue modestie in contempt and to ouerthrow all diuine and humane lawes 1354. the king Don Pedro in the yeare 1354. wihtout any dispensation from the Pope but onely assisted by two bishops his owne creatures Sancho of Auila and Iohn of Salamanca caused himselfe by their sentence to bee separated from the Queen Donna Blanche and in the towne of Cuellar hee married a Ladie widow to Don Diego of Haro called Donna Ieanne of Castro Second marriage of King D. Pedro his first wife yet liuing daughter to Don Pedro of Castro of whose exquisite beauty hee was much enamoured hauing married her hee had newes of this league made by his breethren with Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque wherefore hee went from Cuellar and gaue this Lady her last adiew who retired to Duegnas where shee past her dayes hauing brought the King a sonne who was named Iohn and causing herselfe to be styled Queene of Castile and Leon. To oppose himslfe against this new conspiracie the king beeing come to Castro Xeris he made the marriage of the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon his cousin with Donna Izabella the second daughter of the deceased Don Iohn Nugnes of Lara And for that hee vnderstood that Don Tello his brother followed the partie of Don Henry and Don Frederic his other breethren he would haue Don Iohn of Arragon take vpbon him the title of Lord of Biscay From thence he past to Toro leauing Donna Maria of Padilla at Castro Xeris beeing readie to be deliuered of a daughter which was named Donna Constance future wife to the Duke of Lancaster an Englishman The Confederates were fortified by Don Fernand of Castro brother to Donna Ieanne married and suddenly abandoned by the King is hatred of the contempt of his sister This king seeing that so many great personages rebelled against him imputing all the cause of this mischiefe vnto his wife the Queene Donna Blanche he caused her to bee taken out of the castell of Areualo and conducted to Toledo Don Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça Vncle to Donna Maria of Padilla hauing taken the charge thereof This pore Princesse seeing her selfe in her enemies hands and attending nothing but death from her cruell husband as soone as she was entred into the cittie of Toledo shee intreated them to lead her directly vnto the great Church vnder color of deuotion the which was granted her but beeing once entred she would not go foorth but challenged the priuiledge of the place so as presenlty all the cittie of Toledo shewed themselues for her euery one pittying her vnworthie vsage wherefore Don Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça durst not attempt to force her but returned vnto the king beeing at Segure de la Sierre whither he was come to make warre against Don Frederic Master of Saint Iames. At this newes the king came in a furie to Ocagne and there in the place of Don Frederic Master of S. Iames hee created D. Iohn Garcia of Padilla Master of S. Iames married Lord of Villagera brother to his mistris D. Maria of Padilla the first of all the Mastes of S. Iames that was married In the mean time the Inhabitants of Toledo in generall resolued to keepe the Queene within their towne from all violence and not to receiue the king vntill he were reconciled and did promise to lead an honest life with her As the incensed King thought to be reuenged of all these things he found himself abandoned by many Noblemen of his trayne among the which were the Infants of Arragon his cousins and Don Lopes Sanches of Abendagno great commander of Castile who beeing discontented with his excesse as well in the course of his life as in the gouernment of his Realme and at his ill vsage of the Nobility they ioyned with his brethren and with the citty of Toledo and all those of Andalusia and other Noblemen and Communalties who altogether made petition vnto the King beleeching him that for his owne honour and the publike good he would leaue the company of Donna Maria of Padilla and liue with the Queene Donna Blanche his wife as God had commanded him and common honestie required and that he should gouerne his realm by the good and faithfull councell of good men Donna Leonora his aunt Queene Dowager of Arragon presented this petition vnto him the reuerence of this Lady gaue the confederates hope to obtayne something but she laboured in vine for the king was so much incensed against the confederates and on the other side did so doate on D. Maria of Padilla as he made no accompt of this admonition so as the whole Realme was in combustion and the Princes with others of their faction came to Medina del campo whereon they seazed There Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque was poisoned by an Italian Phisition called Paul Romain beeing hired thereunto by the king D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poysoned He was Grand-child to Don Denis King of Portugal within few dayes after there were aboue seuen thousand horse at Medina del campo holding the Q. D. Blanches party and the confederates presented a new petition vnto the king who had taken his way to Toro and the chiefe of them spake vnto him about Tejadillo neere vnto Toro beeing fifty Knights in field of either side but they preuayled nothing for the king leauing all went to Vruegna where Donna Maria of Padilla was to bee merry with her Queene Mary the kings mother receiued the Confederates into Toro and wrought so as she drew the king thither where they began to make a kind of accord and to dispose of the Offices of the kings house and of Gouernments and places displacing some and aduancing others as they thought good and namely they disappointed all them of Padilla and their adherents the which the king ratified but against his will as it appeared soone after for he made a dispatch from Tordesillas to Don Pedro Infant of Arragon Earle of Ampurias who gouerned the country of Arragon the King his Nephew beeing then in Cattelogne by the which he complayned of that his subiects had forced him vnto intreating him by the bond of their allyance to be his friend and thereupon he came to
there being ioyned with him the Earle of Castagneda and D. Pedro Sarmiento against whom Don Iohn King of Nauarre sent fifteene hundred Launces led by the Admirall and the Earle of Benauent who led Prince Henry with them who did not yet descouer himselfe but onely kept these two parties from fighting making them in some sort friends and satisfied at that time one of an other and then hee returned to Segobia Whilest that the Admirall and Earle of Benauent were absent in this voiage hauing lest the Kings in Tordesillas Pero Aluares Osorio of the Bishop of Auilas faction came and presented himselfe before the towne being accompanied with many souldiars and did endeuor to enter but he could not wherevpon he retired These things made the King of Nauarre and the confederats very iealous that there was some great conspiracy against them and not able yet to discouer who were the conspirators to bee the better certefied they sent to intreat the Prince D. Henry to come to Tordesillas that they might aduise what was to bee done for the totall ruine of the Constable as they had concluded together The Prince hauing therein the Bishops aduice who demaunded nothing more came with an intent to make knowne vnto the King his father the league which hee had newly made to free him from Gouernment and to comfort him Arriuing at Tordesillas with the Bishop of Auila Iohn de Pacheco and many other Noblemen they were receiued by the King of Nauarre with great demonstration of ioy At that time there was no meanes for to conferre together nor to treate of any affaires for they were readie to celebrate a marriage betwixt the King of Nauarre and the Admirall Henriques daughter which were preparing with great state at the tower of Lobaton whither all men went This marriage was accomplished to the great griefe of Don Charles Prince of Viana Nauarre to whose preiudice the king D. Iohn his father Mariage of the king of Nauar with D. Ioane Henriques detayned the Realme of Nauar and wold not leaue it although it were his inheritance by his mother which was the cause of great troubles This Princesse D. Ioane was of the bloud royall of â—astile for the Admirall Don Frederick her father was sonne to Don Alphonso Henriques and grand-child to Don Frederick Master of Saint Iames who by the commandement of Don Pedro the cruell his brother was slaine at Seuile At the same time Don Fernand of Aualos Chamberlaine to the Infant D. Henry was sent to bring Donna Beatrix sister to Don Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent to Cordoua being promised to the Infant his master in which citie that mariage was celebrated of whom came D. Henry of Arragon called the Infant of Fortune or the Fortunate who came to be Duke of Segorbe The Court being returned to Tordesillas Castile they began to treat of matters against the Constable whereupon the Prince told the king of Nauarre that it were good all they of the league were together to determine of matters of so great importance the which pleased the king of Nauarre whereupon there were letters and messengers sent to them that were absent to draw them to Court and for that Tordesillas would not serue to lodge so great an assembly the towne of Areualo was appointed The Bishop of Auila was very desirous that the king and the Prince father and sonne might conferre freely together the which was very difficult for there were spies set by the king of Nauarre about the kings person in his chamber and in all other places who did obserue what hee sayd or did and yet the king could not helpe it yet the bishop found meanes to aduise him that he should faine himselfe to be somewhat sicke and that vppon this occasion the Prince vnder colour to visit him and to do his duty might deliuer many things vnto him which might please him The king kept his bed for a time whereby the Prince had oportunity to discouer the new league vnto him and to assure him that the Constable whom he had chased away should yet deliuer him from the captiuity wherein they held him wherewith the king was so ioyed as he could not containe himselfe but he did outwardly shew the hope which he had conceiued which made the gards suspect that the father and the sonne had had some discourse of great consequence whereof they did aduertise the King of Nauarre who was very iealous of the bishop They caused the Admirall to aske the king what good discourse the Prince his sonne had vsed wherewith he was so ioyed The king wisely concealing what he knew answered that they were tales of the follies of youth This busines hauing succeeded wishfully for the Bishop the Prince tooke his leaue of the two kings his father and father-in-law and so returned to Segobia to attend sayd he the time of the assembly at Areualo but it was the least of his thoughts for he had a speciall desire to breake it if he could whereof hauing conferred by the way with the bishop of Auila his Councellor he who was a cunning politicke man found this expedient he went to Areualo beeing a towne of his Diocesse of Auila with a great trayne and finding the lodgings alreadie marked for the Noblemen that should come thither he caused some to quarrell with the harbingers and with such of the traine as were already come so as he put the towne into a great confusion Many of those which were alreadie lodged were forced to depart and to giue place to my Lord Bishop and his men and then seeking for other lodging there grew other contentions among them of the Court so as the king of Nauarre being aduertised thereof hee was much discontented and growing more suspitious he would not go to that assembly fearing some practise against him The Prince hauing what he demanded he wrote vnto the king of Nauarre complayning much that he was not come to the assembly at Areualo wherefore they sent the Admirall Don Frederick vnto him to Saint Mary de Nyeua to draw him to another assembly whereunto the Prince pretending some excuses the Admirall told him that if he came not it would seeme that he meant to withdraw himselfe from the vnion of the king of Nauarre and the confederate Lords The Prince pretended many reasons hee had for it but he dissembled his intent the Admirall intreated him for an enterview with his father inâ—law at Olmedo whereof hee excused himselfe as honestly as he could and sent backe the Admirall very much discontented for he spake not but as he was aduised by the Bishop of Auila who wished him not to enter into Olmedo nor into any place belonging to the king of Nauarre The Bishop being vigilant and actiue to do any thing that might giue forme and effect to his enterprise for the restoring of the Constable to his first fauour and authoritie posted to Alba de Tormes whereas he made the Arch-bishop
of Toledo and the Earle of Alba his Nephew good friends and seruants to the Prince Don Henry aduertising them of all that had beene done and he gaue order in Alba that the like aduice should bee giuen vnto Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Lord of Hita and Buytrago and being returned to Segobia he caused the Prince to write vnto him and to promise to fauour him in the question he had with the king of Castile for the Asturia's of Santillana During these practises in Castile the Infant Don Henry hauing seized vpon the cittie of Cordoua he sought to draw the townes of Andalusia into the Confederats power and had attempted to seaze vpon Seuile where finding resistance he layed siege vnto it and did greatly presse it at such time as the Prince D. Henry did publish his resolution openly in the citie of Auila which was to continue vnder the obedience of the king his father and to seeke to free him from them that did oppresse him wherefore they of Seuile vppon this newes tooke courage and did valiantly repulse the Infant The Earles of Castagneda and Haro with many other Knights hearing of this resolution sent instantly to present their seruice vnto the Prince The king of Nauarre seeing this storme approch sought by all meanes to pacifie the Prince promising him all that he had formerly demanded and not obtayned but it was too late He that carried this message vnto the Prince for the king of Nauarre was a wise man called Aluar Garcia of Saint Mary who hath written part of the Chronicle of this King of Castile The king of Nauarre and his confederates seeing the Princes desseines and that they must come to force they assembled men from all parts and so did the Prince for the Constable the Arch-bishop of Toledo and the Earle of Alba came presently to him to Auila whereas they might haue some fifteene hundred horse not sufficient to beseege Tordesillas where the king was wherefore they resolued to go towards Burgos to ioyne with the Earles of Haro Castagneda and Plaisance and with Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça whereof the King of Nauarre being aduertised hauing alreadie leuied aboue two thousand horse he led the king to Portillo and hauing there left him in the guard of the Earle of Castro he marched with his troupes towards Burgos beeing resolued to fight with the Prince and his men and he came and camped at Pamphega in the territorie of Burgos King of Castile deliuered The Prince who was within the cittie and had alreadie aboue three thousand horse and foure thousand foote fallyed forth and came and lodged within view of his father-in-lawes armie They expected nothing but a bloudie battell betwixt these two factions but they retired without any blowes but only a light skirmish the which happened whilest they did capitulate at the sollicitation of some good relligious men at which treatie the king of Nauarre did in a manner yeeld to all that the Prince required leauing the king of Castile in full libertie to restore his Officers and to do what he pleased The king of Nauarre finding no meanes to make an accord beeing the weaker he dislodged in the night without sound of trumpet and retired to Palençuela King of Naâ—ars league dispersed The king of Castile being ill guarded in Portillo vnder colour of going a hunting escaped from the Earle of Castro and came to Vailledolit whither the Bishop of Auila came presently vnto the Princes and the Confederates campe which was neere vnto Palençuela The king shewed the best countenance he could vnto the Bishop and acknowledging the good seruice he had done him in his deliuerie he made him infinit promises The King of Nauar the Admirall the Earle of Benauent D. Pedro of Quignones and other heads of their faction seeing themselues low and at their enemies mercy they resolued to retire themselues euery one to his house and there to attend the euent wherefore the K. of Nauar who for some yeares had not seen Nauar went thither to prouide men and meanes to enter speedily with great forces into Castile Nauarre against his aduersaries Being come into his Realme he first of all furnished his fronter places with all things necessarie to resist the king of Castiles attempts who had no great desire to pursue him into Nauarre but onely to spoyle him and his of that which they held in Castile and first of all he tooke Medina del campo and Olmedo then the towne of Pegnafiel was taken by force and sacked and the castle yeelded by composition Roa and Aranda of Duero opened their gates vnto the Prince who with the Constable hauing nothing that made head in Castile the old past into Andalusia against the Infant Don Henry and forced him to flie into the country of Murcia where he fortified himselfe in Lorca vntill that the Prince was retired into Castile and then he passed into Arragon and so ioyned with the king of Nauarre his brother who leuied men to returne into Castile In the yeare 1445. dyed the Queenes Leonora of Portugall An. 1445. and Mary of Castile Dâ—ath of two Queenes sisters poisoned sisters to the king of Nauarre not without suspition of poyson the Queene of Portugall was carryed from Toledo where she dyed to the Monasterie of S. Mary of the battell and Queene Mary dying at Villacastin a burrough of Segobia was interred in the Monasterie of Guadalupe Almost at the same time dyed Lope of Mendoça Arch-bishop of Seuile whose place was giuen to Don Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca and his Bishopricke was conferred to Don Lopes of Barriento bishop of Auila the which was giuen to Alphonso of Fonseca 〈…〉 such changes made the Pastors of Spaine seeking the best reuenues In the spring-time the king of Nauar entred into Castile by Atiença with foure hundred horse and sixe hundred foot where at his first entry he tooke Torrija Alcala oâ— Henares Alcala the old and Saint Torquat whither the Infant D. Henry his brother came with 500 men at armes These newes made the king go from Medina into the Realme of Toledo where hauing gathered together all the souldiers he could hee marched that way where as hee thought to find the King of Nauarre and comming neere to Alcala of Henares the towne was yeelded to him There the King of Nauarre presented himselfe to fight but he of Castile would not accept the battell wherefore the King of Nauarre and Don Henry past the port or mount of Tablada and led their army to Olmedo where as the gates being shut and resistance made they entred by force and hauing caused informations to be made against them that were culpable Doctor Fuente and two other Gentlemen were condemned to dye and were executed The King of Castile following the king of Nauarre came and camped at the milles of the Abbey within a little league of Olmedo hauing in his army the Prince his sonne the Constable the Earle
battaile the Duke againe asked the same question and was againe by him answered in the same manner and if they doe so quoth the Duke I will giue you ten thousand Marauedies of yeerely rent The Knight accepted the offer and gaue him great thankes and was staied their vntill the Kings whole army arriued to the end that he might see it Now the Duke had notice that halfe the confederates forces were not ioyned and therefore he was the more curious to vnderstand their resolution but soone after there came vnto them the Admiralls troupes with those of the Archbishop of Siuill of the Earle of Playsance and his daughter the Countesse of Belalcaçar they themselues remayning at home in their owne houses whilest these things were a doing the Marquis of Villena who was a great vndertaker and very pollitike in all his enterprises hauing drawne the prior of Vdes and the thirteene Electors of the order of Saint Iames to Ocagna The Marquis of Villena D. Iohn de Pacheco causeth himselfe to bee chosen Maister of Saint Iames. he caused himselfe to be chosen Maister of the same order in cannonicall manner without the councell aduise or consent of King Henry Prince Alphonso nor the Sea of Rome and without any approbation of the Estates of the Kingdome and intituled himselfe Maister of Saint Iames to the great admiration of the Earle of Benauent who laied claime therevnto by reason of the Kings promise yet in processe of time the Marquis Don Iohn de Pacheco was confirmed therein by the Pope The confederate Knights who were within Olmedo with the Infant Don Alphonso being assured that the Kings army came vnder the walles of Olmedo with intent to giue them battaile if occasion were offered came forth to fields to make resistance and then diuers messages and negotiations for peace were sent from side to side but to no purpose Amongst those which endeauored to pacifie matters and to keepe them from fighting was Don Pedro of Peralta 〈…〉 of Olmedâ— Constable of Nauarre whose daughter was married to Troylus Carillo of Acugna sonne to the Archbishop of Toledo all treaties ceassing the two armies made themselues ready to fight being deuided as the manner then was into sundry â—squadrons the one following the other the King was not there in person but the Infant Alphonso appeared armed at all points mounted vpon a strong braue courser riding from troupe to troupe encouraging his army The Archbishop of Toledo did weare vpon his armor a white stole poudered with red crosses leading a squadron of three hundred and threescore horse where Alphonsos standard stood and that day hee approued himselfe a better souldiar and man at armes then an Ecclesiasticall pastor for he was hurt in the left arme and yet for all that hee would not giue ouer fighting so long as he could sit on horse-backe the battaile beeing cruell and furious for the space of three houres inclining to neither side On the other side the Duke of Albuquerque behaued himselfe verie valiantlie but if he had not beene rescued in time by his father-in-law the Marquis of Santillana he had remayned a spoyle to the Knights which had conspired his death who did furiously poursue him but he freed himselfe very nobly and slue with his owne hand D. Fernand of Fonseca who dyed within foure dayes after Those which write of this battell fought in the yeare 1467. 1467. two and twenty yeares and three moneths after another fought in the same place An vncertaine victorie do not certainely affirme whose side got the victorie for they of the Kings part tooke Don Alphonsos standard with Don Diego de Melo that carried it who was sore hurt the Standards of the Earle of Plaisance and his daughter the Countesse of Belalcaçar those of the Arch-bishop of Seuill and Don Garcia of Padilla who conducted the troupes of the Marquis of Villena Master of Saint Iames then absent fell likewise into the Kings power diuers Knights of these bands were slayne and about threescore and tenne taken among whome was the Earle of Luna and likewise Don Henry Henriques third sonne to the Admirall Don Frederick The Confederates also tooke King Henryes banner although it was not displayed but found wrapt vp among the baggage a great part whereof they brought to Olmedo and besides that they tooke seauen other standards they slue two hundred and eight horse-men and tooke more than foure hundred prisoners and yet for all that the one side as well as the other published the victorie for his owne and bone-fires were made in token of ioy as well at Medina del campo as at Olmedo All men affirme that they fought there in great disorder and in manifest contempt of all martiall discipline the footmen on either side were rascally people who thought vpon nothing but pillage or flight The King who was absent from the Battell hauing gathered his people together made the same night a triumphant entrie into Medina del campo giuing rest to his souldiers who had need thereof the guard of the towne beeing committed to the inhabitants against those which held la Mote The Ensignes and Standards which were won were carryed by the councell of the Bishoppe of Calaorra against the Kings will into the Church of Saint Andrew and there left The victorie published and beleeued generally to bee on the Kings side drew diuers Lords to his seruice neuerthelesse others did ioyne themselues with the Confederates in the number of whome was the Earle of Alua whome the King had a long time expected in vaine hoping to meet him at that encounter who receyued of the Arch-bishop and the Marquis the townes of the Arch-bishops bridge and Montalban for the which he was greatly blamed The Master of S. Iames who was absent from the battell being come from Ocagna to Olmedo was greatly discontented that they had fought and did greatly complaine of them that had giuen consent thereunto Certaine dayes after Antonio de Veneris Bishop of Leon arriued at Medina del campo sent as Legat from the Pope and the Consistorie of Rome The Pope sends a legâ—te to treat of peace with ample authoritie but no way limited especially to treate about the pacifying of the warres of Castile king Henry receyued him very honorably and with great modestie and reuerence to the Sea of Rome from whence he was sent he did answer his Legacie telling him neuerthelesse that he doubted his iourney would prooue fruitlesse because of the rebels obstinaciâ— First of all the Legate enioyned both sides vppon paine of excommunication to lay by their armes for one whole yeare to the end they might the better treate of peace but the Confederates thinking that these State-matters and temporal differences were no game for the Pope The confederat Lords contemn the censures made no account of Ecclesiasticall censures in that point It was thought fit that the Legate should conferre with the confederate Lords betwixt Medina and Olmedo
perswaded him to inuent some fitter meanes to reduce that Cittie vnder the obedience of King Henry their true and lawfull Prince which Don Pedro much affecting after that hee had vnderstood the minds of the Sheriffes and Iurates of the Cittie the fift day after the Kings departure The Gouernor D. Pero of Ayala putteth Toledo in the kings power hee commaunded the Marshall Payo de Ribera and his sonne to get them home to their owne houses Whereunto they yeelded without any delay and foorth-with the whole Cittie beganne to cry God saue king Henry and let the Rebels bee destroyed so much power hath the presence and authoritie of one onely man to appease or stirre vp a multitude The castle gates bridges and other strong places beeing seized vppon by the Gouernour and furnished with people at his deuotion for the Kings seruice Fernand of Riuadeneyra beeing likewise set at libertie the morrow after the king came to Toledo and was lodged in the Gouernour Don Pero's house where he gaue Donna Maria of Silua great thankes for the good seruice which shee had done him and called backe the Bishop of Badajos who was principall authour of that enterprise After dinner sundry mechanicall tumultuous fellowes two thousand in number came before the kings lodging crauing confirmation of the citties priuiledges and to be freed from the tribute called Alcauales the king desirous to be ridde of this insolent crew graunted their petition The next day the selfe same raskally companie returned asking other confirmations of writings gifts graunts and liberties wherewith the king beeing mooued the Gouernour who had assembled men at armes by reason of the former dayes tumult ioyned them with the officers of iustice and ranne vppon the multitude who after they had hurt and ouerthrowne diuers of them and put the rest to flight certaine of the principall were committed to prison and afterward vppon enquirie of the matter according to their deserts some of them were hanged and the residue lost their eares and were whipped This tumult beeing appeased there remayned yet in the tower or steeple of the great Church the Abbot of Medina and other Channons who tooke the part of the Arch-bishoppe Don Alphonso Carillo of Acugna who were beseeged by the Gouernor and enforced by famine to yeeld themselues their liues beeing saued All troubles beeing ended the King confirmed Don Pero Lopes in his gouernement enioyning the Toledans to obey him as his owne person and so returned to Madrid where hee beganne to thinke anew vppon the castle and his treasures which were in the power of Captaine Perucho of Munsaras whome hee did not grealy trust and not without cause for the Master of Saint Iames and the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo had wonne him to deliuer vp that place into their hands But the king vppon a time finding meanes to enter into the castle beeing well accompanied Perucho was constrayned to giue place who notwithstanding that he had slayne the Porter and begunne to rayse a mutinie was neuerthelesse taken and forced to begge pardon the which the king beeing mild and gentle graunted vnto him and gaue him leaue moreouer to carry away what he would and bestowed summes of money vppon him sending him home to his owne house These newes did greatly trouble the Infant Don Alphonso who was termed King but aboue all the losse of Toledo did amaze the Marquis and the Arch-bishoppe with their Confederates Wherefore they departed from Areualo and tooke the ready way to Auila giuing out that they went to beseege Toledo The Infant Alphonso being arriued at Cardegnoça a towne neere to Auila hee was stricken with the plague which infected the whole country whereof hee dyed the fift day after which was vppon the fift of Iuly in the yeare 1468. hauing beene declared King three yeares before Death of â—he Inâ—ant Don. Alphonso hee dyed not without suspition of poyson the which was prodigiously published and beleeued thorough the whole Realme three dayes before it was true indeed by this accident Pope Paules Prophecie was verified for the Confederates at that time found themselues in great perplexity and wonderfully destitute of counsell his bodie for that time was kept in Areualo in the Monasterie of Saint Francis and since transported to Burgos to the Abbey of Mirefloure where his father King Iohn was buried The confederate Lords consulting vppon what was best to bee done now that they had lost the Prince Alphonso all of them in a manner were of opinion that King Henry was to be resisted and that Donna Izabella his sister was to bee proclaymed and crowned Queene of Castile in her dead brothers stead the Arch bishop of Toledo beeing deputed in all their names to go vnto her to exhort her to receiue this honour and dignitie who in a well-composed Oration hauing propounded vnto her the aduice of all the Lords of the League the Infanta who was endowed with great iudgement and singular pietie D Izabella reiecteth the title of Queene of Castile made him this answer that shee could not entertaine in her heart any desire of rule which might preiudice her brother King Henry vnto whome both by diuine and humane lawes the Kingdome did appertaine the which God had manifestly declared confirming him therein as well by the victorie of Olmedo as by the death of the Infant D. Alphonso neuerthelesse shee did greatly thanke â—hem for their loues which shee could feele with more profite and lesse labour if it would please them by agreeing with the King hir brother to procure him to declare her heire to his Kingdomes after his decease and to commaund that oath should bee made vnto her to the same effect according to the custome of Spayne the which shee propounded vnto them not so much for any desire that shee had to raigne as by that meanes to keepe the kingdome of Castile from falling into the hands of strangers and into any other bloud then that of Castile meaning thereby donna Ioane who was borne in adulterie This wise and vertuous answer D. Izabellas wise answer breakes the League and procureth the peace of Castil was of so great waight and consequence and so admired by all the Lords of the League as changing their minds they resolued to follow the Infantaes aduice and to trye if they could winne the King to condiscend thereunto the Master of Saint Iames taking vppon him the managing of their businesse and presuming to bring it to passe for quoth he I know the kings nature who doth easily forget things that are past and I doubt not but he will accept of this condition for to liue in peace and to recouer his former dignitie and will graunt a generall pardon for all that is past Vppon the newes of the Infant Don Alphonso's death the Arch-bishop of Seuile the Earles of Plaisance Benauent and Miranda with others which were neere the kings person at Madrid did make a new oath of allegeance vnto him and messengers were dispatched