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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	ambition_n	friend_n	great_a	61	3	2.1251	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67704	Kyrou paideia, or, The institution and life of Cyrus the Great written by that famous philosopher and general, Xenophon of Athens, and from the original Greek made English, the first four books by Francis Digby ..., the four last by John Norris.	Xenophon.; Digby, Francis.; Norris, John, 1657-1711.	1685 (1685)	Wing X10; ESTC R30212	245,110	427

knowledge of what projects you have in hand Now all these things I need not repeat For whatsoever I my self knew I have often inculcated to you and besides if there were any else that were thought knowing and experienc'd in these points such you never slighted or contemn'd and you made no small improvement thereby Wherefore my opinion is that upon all Occurrence you take such measures as you shall think most conducible to your Designs And withal my Son take with you this weighty and important Instruction never hazzard any thing either in your own person or your Army in contradiction to the warnings of Sacrifices and Auguries For believe me Men undertake things only by ghess not knowing in the least how or from whence any good should accrue to them which you may plainly discover by the event For many there have been even such as have had the Reputation of very wise Men who have prevail'd with States to war upon others by whom they that have been perswaded to be the Aggressors have been utterly overthrown Many having rais'd up several private Persons and improv'd whole Communities have neverthelese suffered the utmost extremity at their hands that they have thus advanc'd Many likewise when they might have used others as Friends with mutual returns of kindness and good-will chusing rather to make them their Vassals than their Friends have from those very Persons severely suffer'd and smarted for the same Many also not content to enjoy a pleasant and serene Life with their own Portion and Lot but having an Ambition to Lord it over all have thereby lost even what they were possest of And many having gotten great Treasures of their be loved Gold have upon that very account been ruin'd and undone So that Humane Wisdom knows no more how to chuse what is best than if we should make a Lottery the Guide of our Actions But the Immortal Gods my Son know all things what 's past what present and what shall be the Event of every thing And look whomsoever they vouchsafe to favour if they crave advice of them they forewarn them what they ought to attempt and what not Nor are you to wonder at it if they will not be equally favourable to all Men for no Necessity can constrain them to have a Regard to such as they will not The End of the first Book BOOK II. DIscoursing thus together they were advanc'd as far as the Confines of Persia where after an Auspicious Eagle had appear'd unto them and conducted them in their way first making their supplications to the Gods and Guardians of the Persian Nation that they would favourably and graciously dismiss them they pass'd the Boundaries which done and again having supplicated the Tutelar Gods of Media that they would vouchsafe them a gracious and favourable reception They as beseem'd them embrac't each other and departed the Father again into Persia but Cyrus continu'd on his way into Media to Cyaxares his uncle Whither when he was come after mutual Congratulations past Cya●…ares inquir'd of Him how great an Army He had brought He reply'd thirty thousand of those that came to you heretofore to serve as Mercenaries Besides these there come others of the Nobility that never yet went forth to War How many of them quoth Cyaxares For their Number said Cyrus when you hear it it will not greatly please you but know this that few as They are of those we call Peers they easily command all the rest of the Persians But do you quoth He stand in need of them or were your fears causeless and your Enemies come not at all Yes assuredly they come reply'd He and your Number is very great But how does this appear Because said He many that come from thence though they make different reports of things yet they all agree in this Must we then of necessity fight these men 'T is unavoidable quoth He. Why then answered Cyrus did you not inform me what you knew of their strength with what Power they invade vs as likewise what our own forces are that we being assured of the strength of both Parties might take our Measures accordingly which way best to give them Battel Hear me then quoth Cyaxares Craes●… King of Lydia brings as is reported ten thousand Horse-men and of Tar●… and Bow-men more than forty thousand Artamus Prince of the greater Phrygia brings into the field about eight thousand Horse-men and of Spear-men and Targettiers no less than forty thousand Aribaeus King of Cappadocia leads forth about six thousand Horse-men and of Archers and Targettiers not fewer than thirty thousand Maragdus the Arabian comes against us with ten thousand Horse an hundred Chariots and of Slingers an innumerable multitude As for the Greeks that inhabit Asia 't is not yet certainly said whether they follow or no but for those of that part of Phrygia that borders upon the Hellespont the report is that Gabaeus has joyn'd them who comes from about the Plains of Caystrus with six thousand Horse and ten thousand bearing Shields The Carians Cilicians and Paphlagonians as the Rumour goes follow not though they were invited And for the Assyrian Monarch Himself as being Lord of Babylon and of all the rest of Assyria besides He I suppose will not bring into the field less than twenty thousand Horse-men Chariots I believe not above two hundred but of Foot I imagine as He uses to do when He invades these Countrys an exceeding great number According to this your Account quoth Cyrus our Enemies Horse amount to threescore thousand their Targettiers and Bow-men to above two hundred thousand Well now inform me what is the Number of your own Forces The Median Horse quoth He amount to above ten thousand of Targettiers and Archers we may possibly in our own Territories levy threescore thousand The Armenians our Neighbours will assist us with four thousand Horse and twenty thousand Foot Then at the rate you compute quoth Cyrus our Horse are less than one third part of the Enemy's Cavalry and our Foot does not fully reach half their Infantry How then quoth Cyaxares and don 't you think those Persians you say you have brought with you to be very few But whether we have quoth Cyrus any such need of Men or no we shall consult by and by therefore tell me in order what are your several ways of fighting We do all of us in a manner reply'd Cyaxares fight much after the same fashion For there are among them as well as amongst Us those that use both Arrows and Javelins If these are their Weapons quoth Cyrus it must of necessity follow that there will be Excursions and Skirmishes at a distance Undoubtedly so quoth Cyaxares Then reply'd Cyrus they must needs be Conquerours that are most numerous for 't will be much more easie for the many to wound and destroy the few than the few the many If this be the Case my dear Cyrus said He what can

ΚΤΡΟΤ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ OR THE Institution and LIFE OF CYRUS the GREAT WRITTEN By that famous Philosopher and General Xenophon of Athens And from the Original Greek made English The first four Books By Francis Digby late of Queens Colledge in Oxford The four last by John Norris Fellow of All-Souls Coll. Oxford Medus ademit Assyrio Medoque tulit moderamina Perses Claud. de laud. Stilic LONDON Printed for Matthew Gilliflower at the Spread Eagle in Westminster-Hall and James Norris at the Kings-Arms without Temple-Bar 1685. Printed for Matt Gilliflower James Norris To the Right Honourable Robert Earl of Ailesbury and Elgin Vicount Bruce of Ampthill Baron Bruce of Wharlton Skelton and Kinloss Lord of the Honour of Ampthill High steward of Leicester Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the Counties of Bedford and Huntington and one of the Lords of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. MY LORD THE Presumption would be too great should I offer a Work of less esteem than this of Xenophon's to a Person of your Lordship's Quality and Honou●… But as all Ages past have given a●… Universal Testimony of their valu●… for this Wise Book so I hav●… reason to believe all to come wi●… as generally approve my Choice 〈◊〉 your Lordship for its Patron Fo●… who so fit to desend the Cyru●… that was design'd a Pattern fo●… Princes and Great men to imi●…tate as one so remarkably emi●…nent for Loyalty Whose Descent is from a Race of Kings whose Education has been agree able to so high a Birth and wha●… is yet more rare whose Virtue fully answer both This I may say without being suspected for flattery that no one has made a●… nearer approach than your Lord●…hip to this Character of Perfecti●…n in general and that none has qualled your Lordship in that articular Part which consists in Candour and Forgiveness 'T is his my Lord which has hard●…ed me to the boldness of this Ad●…ress which I hope your Lord●…hip will Pardon from My Lord Your Lordships most Obedient and most Humble Servant M. Gilliflower THE PREFACE THE Author of this Incomparable Piece for which all Antiquity has justly had so great a Value was Xenophon of Athens a Man no less famous in an Active than in a Contemplative Life and perhaps the only Person upon Record whose Words and Actions so highly adorn'd the Philosophy he profess'd He was born in Ercheja an Athenian Town belonging to the Tribe Aegeis so called from Aegeus immediate Successor to Pandion King of Athens Tho the time of his Birth be no where expresly declared yet by comparing Stesiclides in Laertius who says he dy'd the first Year of the 105 Olympiad with Lucian who affirms he out-liv'd 90 Years 't is manifest He must have been born in or before the first year of the 82 Olympiad His Father's Name was Gryllus which Name continu'd in the Family for several Generations He laid the Foundation of his after-Greatness in the School of Socrates the then celebrated Philosopher of Greece and whom the Delphick Oracle had pronounc'd the wisest of Men. Of him our Author was a great Admirer and a ●…rudious Imitator whose religious Deportment towards the Gods whose Constancy Temperance and Resolution he carefully transcrib'd in the whole Conduct of his Life How much he honour'd him appears by that elegant Defence he made for him before his Judges tho in truth Socrates's Vertues were his best Apology where he boldly taxes and smartly refutes the malicious Calumnies of Anytus and Melitus his inveterate and false Accusers He was the first that committed to Writing the Precepts and Memoirs of his Master which he has perform'd with such Accurateness and Fidelity that therein you may read the very Sense and Soul of Socrates The same thing indeed was afterwards done among others by his Fellow-Pupil Plato but he has every where intermixt so many Excursions of his own that it is not easie to distinguish the Master from his Scholar Nor was Socrates less sollicitous for his beloved Xenophon as will appear by this one Instance In that memorable Peloponnesian War betwixt the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians they were both personally engag'd in the Fight before Delium where the Athenians being worsted and flying before the Baeotians Xenophon then but very young was overthrown and unhors'd in the Flight which Socrates perceiving took him up and carry'd off upon his Shoulders till the Enemy gave over their Pursuit His second Military Effort was his famous 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the younger Cyrus against his Brother Artaxerxes I know some very Learned Men affirm he had never seen the Wars before this Persian Expedition but this I suppose is meant of Foreign Wars because Greece being at that time and having been for many Years before the Seat and School of Martial Discipline 't is highly probable that a young Gentleman of his Generosity and Courage would not be altogether unacquainted therewith This War he engag'd himself in at the earnest Sollicitations of his dear Friend Proxenus the Baeotian once a Scholar to that fam'd Orator and Philosopher Gorgias the Leontine but now residing at Cyrus's Court at Sardis in Lydia Thither went Xenophon having first consulted his Master Socrates and then the Oracle at Delphos Arriving at Sardis he found Cyrus ready for his March who entertain'd him with all imaginable Expressions of Friendship and held him in no less Esteem than he did Proxenus himself However he then accepted of no Command but follow'd the Army as a Voluntier In this Expedition Cyrus was slain and the Grecian Camp being rifled by the Enemy they lost all they had except their Arms. These when Phalinus in the King's Name came to demand and that they should submit themselves to his Mercy Xenophon was the Man that gave him this smart Answer We have now Sir but two things left us our Arms and our Valour if we yield up one how shall we make use of the other Think not therefore that we intend to part with our Arms with which we are resolv'd to manage a Dispute with you To him Phalinus smilingly reply'd Young Gentleman you talk like a Philosopher and have made a very pretty Speech but you are mightily mistaken if you think your Arms or Valour can withstand the Power of the great King Thus meanly did this haughty Courtier think of Xenophon And yet this was he who afterwards when all the Captains and Commanders were basely betray'd and treacherously murther'd with admirable Skill and invincible Patience conducted ten thousand Foot through the midst of the Provinces of Persia from Babylon to Greece over precipitous Mountains deep Rivers by streight and almost unpassable Ways to the Amazement of the World even in despight of the Power and Malice of the Enemy This unparallell'd Retreat so encourag'd the Grecians and betray'd the Weakness and Degeneracy of the Persians that thereupon they began to bethink themselves of invading and subverting that

oftner he reads the greater Appetite he has still to pursue it His Words are pure and significant his Expressions clear and frequently smart and poinant his Characters and Descriptions very natural and his set Discourses almost divine as not to mention more that of Love in the fifth Book of Happiness and the Immortality of the Soul in the eighth 'T is true indeed Dionysius Halicarnassaeus comparing our Xenophon with his Country-man Herodotus will by no means allow him to be a Master of Rhetorick but boldly saies of him that if at any time he attempts to raise himself up to a pitch of Eloquence he swells a little it may be for the present but falls again immediately grows languid and flat and yet at the same time he admires the purity of his Language and his Perspicuity and commends him for his choice of proper and expressive Words which not only all Rhetoricians but even he himself too in another place confesses to be the chiefest Grace and Vertue of Eloquution He is not in his Orations 't is true so florid and luxuriant as some others are nor has he that impetus and vehemence of an Oratour which is almost peculiar to those that attend the Bar but yet the smoothness of his style the closeness of his Sense the soundness of his Judgment and the Force of his Reasonings make amends sufficiently for that Default The afore-mention'd critical Author accuses him likewise but how justly let others judge of being careless in observing the Dignity and Decorum of Persons making those that are rude and illiterate discourse of the deepest points and speculations in Philosophy but this Objection I shall answer by opposing to it the Testimony of one who was as good a Judge and as great a Rhetorician as Denys of Halicarnasse and that is Hermogenes Tarsensis who expresly affirms that Xenophon did particularly excell in the natural and proper Representations of Persons shewing them always in the most plain and yet pleasing simplicity without any manner of Affectation or Disguise In many things he stood in Competition with Plato himself and in a neat and familiar Phrase s confess'd to have excell'd him Tully sayes his Language is so soft and sweet that the Muses themselves seem to speak out of his Mouth And Quintihan affirms his Stile has in it such a natural pleasantness that no Affectation can equal as if the Graces themselves had fram'd it Hence the Title of Musa or Apes Attica was appropriate to him as besides other Testimonies is intimated in an Epigram of Chrestodorus a Thebane Poet with which as relating particularly to the following Treatise I shall conclude this Discourse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In English thus Brave Xenophon by Noble Athens own'd Athens in Arms as well as Arts renown'd Did once proclaim great Persi●…s greater Lord And in Platonick Strains his Acts record Where Rules of War and Policies of State He did with sost sweet Lines attemperate F. D. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 OR THE Institution and LIFE OF 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the GREAT BOOK I. The Preface I Have often considered how many Popular States have been dissolv'd by those that would live under any Government rather than a Democracy and again how many Monarchies and Republicks have been subverted by the Populacy As also of those that have affected the Supreme Power how some have on a sudden been utterly destroy'd whilst others though they have exercis'd an absolute Dominion for a long time have yet been admired as Men wise in their Administration and happy in their Conduct It was also methoughts observable in most private Families where the Masters have some of them numerous Attendants and others very few yet can they never bring even those few to be entirely obedient to their Commands Besides this I considered that Herdsmen govern their Herds and Feeders their Horses and all those we call Keepers may properly be supposed to exercise a kind of Command over those Cattel they have under their Charge And withall I observed That all those Creatures are more ready to obey their Keepers than Men their Governours for their Flocks go what way they direct them they feed in those Pastures they permit them and refrain from those from whence they drive them and are content that their Feeders should at their own Pleasure enjoy the fruits or profits they afford nor did we ever yet hear of any Flock that conspired against their Keepers either so as to disclaim their own Subjection to them or to deny them the use of the Fruits of their Increase nay they are more curst and untractable to all others than to those that have a Command over them and have been advantaged by them but Men set themselves to oppose none so much as those they conceive attempting to exercise a Dominion over them Now when I had seriously debated these things with my self I came in the end to this Conclusion That for Man to make himself Sovereign over all other Creatures is more natural and easie than to govern Men. But when I came to consider that there was a Cyrus of Persia who held in Obedience many Men Cities and Nations I was presently forced to shift my Thoughts and take up with this Opinion That to govern Men provided it were done with Wisdom and Skill was a thing neither utterly impossible nor very difficult For we know Men paid a voluntary Allegiance unto Cyrus some that were distant from him many days others many months Journey some that never saw him in their Lives and others that were sure they never should were notwithstanding desirous and willing to obey him for indeed he so far excelled other Kings were their Dominions either Hereditary or Acquired that when the Scythian Emperour though his People are innumerable can't make himself Master of any other Nation but could be content to be Sovereign of his own the Thracian if he could rule Thrace the Illyrian if he could command Illyricum and the same we hear reported of other Countries for there are States 't is said even at this day in Europe free and independent yet Cyrus when he found some Estates in Asia obliged by no Laws but their own coming upon them with an inconsiderable Army of Persians he brought the Medes and Hyrcanians into a Voluntary Subjection He totally subdued Syria Assyria Arabia Cappadocia both the Phrygia's Lydia Caria Phoenicia and Babylon He commanded the Bactrians Indians and Cilicians as also the Sacans Paphlagonians and Megadines with innumerable other Nations whose Names are not to be reckoned He held in Obedience the Greeks in Asia and setting to Sea he mastered the Cyprians and Egyptians Thus ●…ad he alone the Sovereignty over all these Nations Nations as much Strangers to his Language as they were to each others and notwithstanding he could