run away which we could not see till the smoke was over Then we followed and could not Engage them till they recovered Athy which was near I guessed them to be about three hundred Horse and seven or eight hundred Foot Their Succour thus beaten in their view the besieged Garrison yielded on condition to March out with their Arms. The small Garrisons in those Parts made no resistance I was much favoured in these my first undertakings by having been in my youth a great Hunter in those parts of Deer Wolves and Foxes So that there was no passage in Bog or Mountain or Ford in a River that I did not know This little beginning gave me some Reputation and as near as I could what I wanted in experience was supplied by diligence and good Intelligence SECT III. He Defeats Sir Charles Vavasor in Mounster By occasion of a Trumpet sent from Ormond he moves the Council for Peace Commanded with three thousand men against Monk he takes Dullarstown Tully Laccach and many other Castles in the County of Kildare and in Leix Submits to the Cessation MY Lord of Inchiquin was all this while Master of the Field in Mounster having won some Battels beaten the Irish in all parts and in a manner subdued that Province four or five Towns excepted And with these he was going now to work beginning with Kilmallock in the County of Limbrick and sitting down before it with an Army of seven Thousand men This Alarmed the General Assembly then sitting at Kilkenny but most particularly those of that Province Whereupon after many Consults among themselves they concluded at last to ask succour of the General Assembly though they saw but little hopes of any in that exigency for Preston was far off with the Army Wherefore opening themselves more clearly than perhaps they would have otherwise done they layed claim to me as having my Earldom and Estate in their Province though I was an Officer of Leimster Alleadging farther that their General was old and Unfortunate and that if I had the Command all would joyn in the defence of their Country and take new Courage I was present at this proposition and though I had ambition and vanity enough did heartily oppose it having no prospect of any Success But my Lord of Muskry being my great friend and of that Province desired the Assembly to command me by vertue of the Oath of Association Which they did and then there could be no more reply It being thus ordered and which was pursuant to it that my Commission under the Great Seal of the Confederates to Command in Chief for that expedition should be immediately dispatched I was ask'd what Troops were near at hand I answered that I knew of none but of my own Life-Guard of Horse 'T is true I had observed many stragling Horse in the Town but they would not be brought together without Mony Some Money was then given out and by Ten of the Clock next morning I had gotten together Eighty Horse and put them under the Command of Garrett Talbot Brother to Sir Robert Talbot These with my Life-Guard Commanded by Captain Fits Gerrald commonly called Garrat Garrah made in all one hundred and twenty Horse With these I March'd accompanied with my Lord of Muskry since made Earl of Clancarty and some others of the Province On the Frontier of it I met about a hundred and twenty Horse more most Gentlemen and formed into a Squadron But at Cashel I was received by the General of the Province Barry the Lieutenant-General Purcel and some other Officers with seven hundred Foot That night I had Intelligence that the Lord of Inchiquin had raised his Siege and March'd with four or five Thousand men into the County of Kerry But had sent Sir Charles Vavasor with sixteen or seventeen hundred men to take in Clohlea a Castle then belonging to the Condons I Marched immediately towards him and before night Encamped within three Miles of him the Mountain only between us My Brother Richard Butler Brother to the Duke of Ormond was sent out the same night to discover the Enemy In the Morning word was brought that the Castle was taken and the Garrison after Quarter given put to the Sword and my Brother Engaged I lost no time but March'd in all hast with my Horse to his Succour which joyned with his made up two hundred and forty or two hundred and fifty at the most The Foot marched also But the old General came on so slowly that I had defeated the Enemy before he came within two Miles The manner thus Sir Charles Vavasor though he had taken the Castle remained still in his Camp till seeing me on the Top of the Mountain above him come to succour mine that were skirmishing he drew to Arms but being amongst Hedges and Ditches and the Castle between us I could not come at him till he marched towards Castle Lions where in a large plain he formed But I going by the advantage of a great valley came into the plain unseen almost as soon as he And having ordered three or four Squadrons of Boys on Horse-back to possess the ground from whence I came I lost no time in the Charge that Defeated his Horse who to save themselves broke in on the Foot Their Cannons were useless being past the Black-water This with Gods blessing and a great shower of rain gave me the victory with little or no loss Sir Charles that Commanded with several other Officers remained Prisoners their Cannon and Baggage taken all their Foot defeated but their Horse for the most part escaped This happened on a Sunday the 4 th of June 1643. about twelve a Clock at Noon Now having left the best advice I could for the improving this advantage I took leave of the General with others of the Province and returning to Kilkenny gave the Assembly an account of what had passed in order to their Commands Soon after the Assembly being broke up and a Supream Council chosen to Govern in their absence I retired to Kilkash my Brother Butlers house to rest my self The Council went to Ross and whilst they were there a Trumpet brought them a Letter from the Marquess of Ormond setting forth his being appointed by the King to hear our grievances and to Treat for an accommodation The particulars of the Letter I knew not but the Trumpet was quickly dispatched with some slight Answer Which coming to my knowledge I repaired to Kilkenny whether the Council was returned And on Information finding what I had heard to be true I sent for Sir Robert Talbot Sir Richard Barnwel Colonel Walter Bagnal and such others as were in the Town being well affected and leading men of the Assembly though not of the Council Now being in my Lodging I acquainted them with what understood and that if they would stick to me I would endeavour to give it a turn We all agreed on the way which was To go to the Council then sitting take notice
direct you what course you should steer To which they replied Go home and make fair Weather You took this Advice and being come my Lord of Antrim and my Lady Dutchess of Buckingham soon followed and you were very well pleased with so good Company to spend your Provisions But in a short time the Irish came and drove away great part of your stock to a village near It being night you desired me to take your Servants and endeavour the recovery Which I did bringing with me two or three of the chiefest Conductors of this Rabble This enrag'd the Irish so much as you conceiv'd I was not safe there and therefore sent me to Dublin to attend the Justices Orders and assure them of your readiness to return on a Call they sending a Convoy Which they promis'd to do as occasion required When I went from you you thought it necessary that I should take with me all the poor English that were saved and to let them go with the Carts which were loaden with Wool for Dublin leaving only one of them who was a Sadler then my Lord of Antrims servant In the passage neer Rath-Cool the Rebels fell upon them and barbarously killed some and wounded others my self and one more escaping by the goodness of our Horses But a Servant of mine governing the Carts and being an English-man they took And whilst they were preparing to hang him Sir John Dungans Eldest Son Watt Dungan came forth of his Fathers house with a Party and rescued him with the rest of those that were left alive and brought them safe to Dublin where I was gotten The Sadler that I had left in my Lord of Antrims Service some time after met me complaining that coming for Dublin he had been taken by the Rebells by means of a Boy that served your Lordship and if I would not give him forty Shillings being he was damnified in so much he would complain I told him that the Boy he mentioned was no Servant of yours but kept out of Charity and to whip the Dogs out of doors being blind of an Eye and lame of a Leg. He replied that although he were blind and lame he had a Note from my Lord of Antrim to have him apprehended by those that were neither blind nor lame which he gave to them who took him Prisoner and carried him to the Garrison of Leixlipp kept by the Rebels I bad him do what he pleased for I would not give him one Farthing The next I heard of it was that he had complained and that your Lordship was Indicted of high Treason Vpon which I made my addresses to the Lords Justices again to let them know that they had not kept their Words with me in suffering this Clandestine proceeding against my Brother but however I would go and fetch you and to that purpose desired them to let me have a party of Horse But that they refused I then came down to you with some of my Friends and acquainted you with what had past You answered that you knew nothing of it and went immediately with me to Dublin where you addressed your self to my Lord of Ormond as I did my self in your behalf to the Lord Justices and Council to acquaint them that you were come They replied that they could say nothing to it till you appeared before them Which you did the next day and then they Ordered you to come the day following At which time without calling you in they committed you to Mr. Woodcocks House one of the Sheriffs of Dublin Now I seeing this rigorous usage towards you and being refused a Pass for my self to go for England made a shift to get away in a small boat and go directly to the King at York and Petition him that you might be sent for over to be Tried here by your Peers But his Majesties answer was that he had left all the Affairs of Ireland to the Parliament Vpon which I went to London and Petitioned the Parliament to the same effect Their answer was that they could do nothing without the King of which I gave you an account by Letter This was the last Correspondence I had with you being after that continually serving his Majesty in England But the King coming from Newark to Oxford he sent me with Dispatches to my Lord Lieutenant and Ordered me to go to you and use my endeavours to persuade you to hasten a Peace You received the Commission as very agreeable saying that from the beginning of the War you had always laboured for a Peace and that you hoped it would soon be done Before I returned I saw it proclaimed and it goes by the name of the Peace of 46. London the 17th of May. 1680. Now that you have seen what my Brother writes of the occasion of my longer stay in Ireland so much contrary to the design of my going thether I will hence forth in my own Method go on with the Story of my own adventures in that Kingdom But to this end I must once more place myself in Madenstown whether as you see in my Brothers Letter I was first retired by advice of the Lords Justices I continued there some five or six Moneths after in peace and quietness and for the greatest part of the time in so noble and excellent company as that of the Dutchess of Buckingham and the Lord Marquess of Antrim her Husband who did me that very great honour In the mean while Parties were sent out by the Justices from Dublin and the Towns adjacent to kill and destroy the Rebels and the like was done through all parts of the Kingdom But the Officers and Soldiers did not take care enough to distinguish between Rebels and Subjects but killed in many places promiscuously On which partly and partly on other provocations that preceeded and some too that followed the whole Nation finding themselves concerned took to Arms for their own defence and particularly the Lords of the Pale did so who yet at the same time desired the Justices to send their Petition to the King Which was refused And for their farther discouragement Sir John Read his Majesties Sworn Servant a stranger to the Country un-engag'd and an eye-witness of their proceedings then upon his journey to England prevailed with by them to carry their Remonstrance to his Majesty the late King of ever Blessed Memory and to beg his pardon for what they had done coming to Dublin and not concealing his Message was put to the Rack for his good will The said Lords having Tried this and other ways to acquaint the King with their Grievances and all failing an open War broke forth generally throughout the Kingdom and very unfortunately for me One Encounter happened in the sight of my House between my Lord of Ormond commanding the English and my Lord Richard Vicount of Mount-Garret the Irish The latter was defeated This Encounter goes by the name of the Battel of Kill-Rush and was fought the 15 th of April
the Oath and Employment Chief heads of the Model of Government Burras Fore-Faukland Byrrh and Ballinikille yield to Preston who not long after was twice defeated Castlehaven begins his Command with an action of Charity And then he forces Crawford from the Siege of Balli-Brittas takes Ballinunry Clogrenen and Ballilenan and withall defeats the succour ON the whole matter I returned to this Council thank'd them for their good Opinion of me and engaged my self to run a Fortune with them Whether Anger and Revenge did not incline me to it as much as any other consideration I cannot resolve This I well remember that I consider'd how I had been used and seen my house burning as I pass'd by besides that I was a light man with no Charge and not any hopes of redress from the King who was then engaged in an Intestine War Now being thus a Confederate and having taken the Oath they made me one of the Council and General of the Horse under Preston The Assembly met the 24. of Oct. 1642. It differ'd nothing from a Parliament other then that the Lords and Commons sate together and not in two Houses This you see was a force put upon us and we hoped in time the storm being pass'd to return to our old Government under the King We had many learned in the Law amongst us whom we encouraged to keep us as near the old Government as might be holding to the Ancient Laws of the Land That Assembly without delay approved all the Council had done and settled a Model of Government viz. that at the end of every General Assembly the Supream Council should be confirmed or changed as they thought fit That it should consist of 25. six out of each Province three of the six still resident The 25 th was my self with no Relation to any Province but to the Kingdom in general Every Province had a Provincial Assembly which met on Occasions and each County had Commissioners for Applotting money within themselves as it came to their shares on the general Applotment of the Province Many other things there were as to Government If a Letter came to them written in Irish it would be wonder'd at and hardly could one be found to read it We were not in case to bring to Justice those that begun the Rebellion But I never saw any of them esteemed or advanced The General Assembly being put off the Generals fell to their work and my General took in Burras Fort-Faukland and Birrh in the Kings County where I was with him And I had the good Fortune to begin my first commanding in the Wars with an Action of Charity For going to see this Garrison of Birrh before it marcht out I came into a great room where many people of Quality were both men and women They with many Tears so soon as they saw me fell on their Knees desiring me to save their lives I was astonished at their posture and Petition and desiring them to rise ask'd what the matter was They answered that from the first day of the Wars there had been continual action and much blood shed between them and their Irish Neighbours and little Quarter on either side And that therefore understanding that I was an English man some knowing me they desired that I would take them into my Protection I doubted that there was too much reason for their fears considering they were to March two or three days through the Woods of Iregan and waste Countreys before they came to Athy their next friends Garrison I went immediately to the General and desired that I might command their Convoy which he granted Then culling out two hundred Horse and three hundred Foot in whom I had most Confidence I March'd and delivered them with their Baggage safe They were at least eight hundred Men Women and Children I was with this General the 18 th of March 42. when he was beaten at Ross by the Marquess of Ormond and by Colonel Monk since Duke of Albermarle at Timochoe in the Queens County the 5 th of Octob. 42. Yet afterwards he besieging Ballynckill in the same County I ventured once more with him Where he having Intelligence that Major General Crawford was besieging Ballybritas a Castle belonging to the Vicount Clanmaleer he sent me with a Party of fifteen hundred Horse and Foot to endeavour the succouring of that place which I did Crawford drawing off in passing the River of the Barrow in a skirmish had his Thigh broken with a Musquett-shot I returned as Ballynekill was rendred and conveyed that Garrison too as I had done the other of Byrrh After this I remained at Kilkenny with the Supream Council and Preston went into the lower parts of the Province with the Army Of whose absence the Enemies Garrisons in the County of Catherloe and Queens County taking advantage Alarm'd the County of Kilkenny even to the Gates of the City I was then by the Council commanded to go against them And therefore having gotten together about 2000 men with some Cannon I Marched to Ballenunry in the County of Catherloe and took it as also Clogrenan Where the County of Wexford Regiment Mutined but were reduced and some examples made served well for the future I Marched thence into the Queens County and Besieged Ballilenan Commanded by the Grimes's a Valiant People with a strong Garrison But a great breach being made their Succour came by the way of Athy I was not well at this Alarme but laid upon my Bed in my Tent. However I made no great matter of it knowing the Succour could not be considerable But my Old Lord Richard Vicount of Mountgarret being abroad sent me advice that they were coming on in great hast and stronger than I thought both in Horse and Foot and were then near the end of the Tougher which is a great way cut through a Bog and I believe in length at least half a Mile Now I had a great Guard of Horse and Foot at my end of the Tougher with a Line thrown up before them So I judged the danger not great However I got on Horse-back taking with me 400 Horse and coming to my Guard I saw some of the Enemy on the Tougher in their March Whereupon I bad my Horse and Guards follow me and March towards them thinking to have fought them upon the Tougher But they retired and formed on a plain two Musquet-shot off I having pass'd the Tougher prepared to Charge But they Drew off again and did not stand me till they had gotten through a Gap in a Ditch with water to the Belly Being past they lined the Ditch with Musqueteers drawing up their Horse and Foot close by to defend this Gap Sir Walter Butler with his Squadron begun the Fight but being Wounded in the Ditch with a Pike through his Thigh his men sell off and a second Squadron Charged and did the like But the Enemy seeing more Squadrons coming on in the smoke took their advantage to
good Correspondence and the small War we had was chiefly in cutting off of Convoys My Provisions came much harder to me than his to him and O Neal began to be very weary of sometimes assisting me with Cows So that after two Months I resolved the endeavouring to gain my own Country seeing no hopes of any forces from O Neal. Which to Effect for I did not desire fighting I caused a Tougher or great way to be cut through the Bog near the Fort leading to Toinregaoh by which their Provisions came This way being finisht I knowing their days took my time to pass most of my Horse and some Foot shewing them beyond the Tougher as if that night I intended straight for Toinregaoh Monro having this Intelligence posted away a great Party of Horse and Foot to secure his Convoy But the night being come I turned and in stead of Marching towards Toinregaoh past over the Bridge with the whole Army leaving my Cannon and Baggage in the Fort with a strong Garison plenty of Ammunition and all the Provision I could possibly scrape to put in That night I March'd and all the next day taking a great round before I could have my own Country on my back which having obtained in the County of Cavan I faced towards the Enemy about five or six Miles from them Which Monro knowing and finding that I lay easier for my Provisions then he did raised his Camp and March'd to his own Country It being now late in the year I thus Free of him sent a Party of Horse and Foot to bring off my Cannon and what I left in the Fort and so March'd to Fienaegh where I met Commissioners from the Supream Council to receive the Army and lodge them on the three Provinces together with fifteen hundred Vlster men which on my Order came to me out of Conought being of no Army but endeavouring to live by strong hand which I could not admit Thus ended the Vlster expedition like to be so fatal to the Confederate Catholicks of Ireland through the sailing or something else of General Owen Roe O Neal. But after all the three Provinces had no reason to complain of this Campagne For this Army they sent kept them from being troubled either with Scots or Vlster People that year SECT V. Views the Siege of Duncannon how laid and that strong place taken by General Preston Is sent with an Army to Mounster against Inchiquin of late declared for the Parliament Dean Boyle's message Capper-Quin and Michaelstown taken Skirmish of Horse near the Black-water Mallow Donerail and Liscarrol yield Miltown and Conycastle taken by a storm of 3000 Garsoons meer servant Boys that belong'd to the Army A Flood hinders the relieving of Ballimartir Yet he surprizes Rostellan and several Officers in it and then forces Castle-Lions and Lismore to Surrender Marches straight to Cork Blind scustle there by night Returns to Tallow and thence goes to Youghhal In that way all the little Castles submit An unexspected mutinous Accident at one of them What done at Youghal The Snow falling he retires to Capper-Quin and so ends this Campagne HAving thus left the Army with Commissioners on Muster more than eight Thousand strong for I had been recruited with several Companies I took my way to Kilkenny ill pleased that the Treaty of Peace train'd so long and designed not to stir from the Council till I saw it concluded But coming there I found the Supream Council in great Consternation For Duncannon that Commanded the harbour of Waterford was declared for the Parliament as also my Lord of Inchiquin Commanding in Mounster who before had not only submitted to the Cessation but carried with him a considerable number of his Troops into England to serve the King Now taking there some disgust as 't is said because the Presidency of Mounster was given to the Earl of Portland he returns and declares for the Parliament Commanding by their Commission as President of Mounster Those of Waterford now pressed the taking in of Duncannon making great offers to the Council of large assistance Preston is named for this work and sent with three or four Thousand men Miners and a good Train of Artillery it being within his Province And I having the curiosity to see it left the Council and followed him I will relate the particulars of this Siege because the only in form that I saw in Ireland He made not any line of Circumvallation fearing no succour that could come on the Land-side but began his approaches with two Attacks and being come near the place joyned them with a line of Communication and then ran them on divided to the two ends of the Curtain Those within made a good defence and lost nothing in six weeks only the Besiegers had made a lodging in the Ditch At this time two or three Parliament Frigats arriv'd with succour of Men Ammunition and Provisions coming to Anchor within less then Cannon-shot of the Fort. But before they could man out their Boats so horrible a Storm arose that in eight or ten days none could come on shore Whereupon those within being in despair and press'd with some essential want yielded All this while my Lord of Inchiquin over-ran Mounster and coming to Cashel the people retired to the Rock where the Cathedral Church stands and thought to defend it But 't was carried by Storm the Souldiers giving no Quarter So that within and without the Church there was a great Massacre and amongst others more than twenty Priests and Religious men kill'd Towards the Spring the Council ordered me to go against him and to begin the Field as early as I could The Enemy in this Province had always been victorious beating the Confederates in every Place never having received Check but in the mentioned Encounter at Cloghleah So that every Gentlemans House or Castle was Garisoned and kept the Country in awe To begin this Field then I made my first rendevous at Clonmel and the Army Encamped near it Thither Dean Boyl now Lord Chancellor of Ireland and then Married to my Lord of Inchiquins Sister came and there he found me His business was to persuade me to spare Donerail and other Houses and Castles not Tenable I answered that I desired it as much as he though hitherto they had annoyed the Country equally as if they had been strong I told him in short I had order to take all I could and such as I thought not fit to Garison to destroy Yet if he pleased to cause the Garisons to be drawn out and by Letters from the Owners to put them into my hands I would appoint some few men into them with Commanders in whom I most confided and make it my Business to preserve them by interceeding to the Council The Dean and I parted very good Friends But whether he could or no prevail with my Lord of Inchiquin or the Owners I know not I am sure I heard no more from him Soon after that
very many Civilities At my return being five or six days after I found the place yielded and the Garison Marching out After which being Encamped at Tallow Intelligence was brought that Colonel Mac William Ridgeway was gone from Cork into the County of Limbrick with a great Party of Horse and some Foot I Marched immediately with all my Horse and fifteen hundred Foot straight for Cork Coming near I left the Foot to make good my Retreat About an hour in the night I arrived near the Gates and put my self on the way to Malloe by which Mac William was to return and gently Marching met some of the Enemy They being charged made no resistance but the night being extremely dark scattered So little execution could be done upon them though some were killed and others taken In this blind Scuffel Captain James Brown Brother to Sir Valentine Brown a brave Gentleman was slain By the Prisoners we found that their Commander Mac William Ridgeway had been killed that day shot out of a Castle in Roches Country Which way they had taken to return with the Body we could not find We marched a little forwards but it being so dark that nothing could be done I return'd with my Party to Tallow and March'd the Army towards Youghal All Castles on the way submitted on easie Terms I will only take notice of one because of the accident though I have forgotten the name of the place I remember it was a Castle that yielded early in the morning without resistance Now presently after the yielding of it the Weather being very fair I went a Hunting leaving Colonel Henesey to see the Quarter made good which was to March with their Arms bag and baggage But the Soldiers having been used to taking of places by strong hand and so enriching themselves by Plunder would have done the like by this though it had Conditions To prevent any such matter the Colonel and several Officers went into the Castle joyning with the Garison in its defence But the Foot nevertheless fell on and great shooting there was on all sides Which I hearing returned in hast thinking my Lord of Inchiquin had attempted something The Soldiers seeing me come sooner than they expected ran all into the Woods adjoyning When I came to the Castle and Colonel Henesey had related the matter I made the Garison March out according to their Conditions Then I began to enquire after my Mutineers causing the Trumpets to sound and Drums to beat for drawing all to their Arms. Some time it was before these Gentlemen could be gotten together Being now in order of a Battel both Horse and Foot I went from Battallion to Battallion telling them their Fault and what the consequence might have been and concluded that they all merited Death Which they acknowledging I added that some Justice must be done and asked them whether they were contented for examples sake to deliver two out of each Battallion as it should fall amongst them by Lots They agreed But when they came to be Shot I thought the number too great and made them throw again for two only which Suffered Being come before Youghal I Encamped loosly thinking to distress the place and towards the Sea near Crokers works I sent Major General Butler with fifteen hundred men and some small pieces to hinder Succour that might come by Sea Whilst this was doing I in a night with a Party and two peices of Cannon past the Black Water at Temple Michael and before day had my two Guns planted at the Ferry point over against Youghal and within less than Musquet-shot of two Parliament Frigats At the second shot one blew up But the Town endeavouring to requite my Kindness in a morning fell on Major General Butler and took one of his Guns Soon after this came a Fleet of Boats and bigger Vessels sent by my Lord of Inchiqnin from Cork with supplies of Men and Provision and succosred the Town On which I March'd off and Trisâ—led out the remain of the Campagne in destroying the Harvest Only a Party of my men attempted to plunder the Great Island near Barries Court But being ill guided in Passing and the Sea Coming in sooner than they counted their design failed Besides there were of the Enemy that opposed their coming on the firm Land Captain Turlough Obryan was killed by a loose shot out of a Castle in the Island Now it being the latter end of November the Snow falling I retired to Capper-Quin And Commissioners being come to lay out Winter Quarters for the Army I left it and repaired to Kilkenny Thus ended my Mounster expedition and the last that I served under the Confederate Catholicks Whose Kindness and Confidence in me I shall never forget but acknowledge it where ever I am SECT VI. The Peace of 46. Proclaimed Lord Lieutenant comes to Kilkenny That Peace opposed at Waterford Limmerick c. Lord Castlehaven sent to the Nuncio but in vain He advises the Lord Lieutenant to March back to Dublin with all speed waits on his Excellency all along and carries the Sword before him through that City The Nuncio Marckes with two Armies to Besiege it but comes short of his expectation Lord Lieutenant Treats and concludes with the Parliament Commissioners Castlehaven goes for France Lord Lieutenant's admirable steddiness and most loyal constancy He departs for England thence a little after to Paris Glamorgan's Peace discover'd but not allowed by Him The breach of the 46 Peace how fatal SInce the Cessation there was always a Treaty of Peace held on with the Marquess of Ormond Lord Lieutenant and after many Obstructions at length concluded since called the Peace of 46. Which being Proclaimed both at Dublin and Kilkenny his Excellency came to this Town accompanied with many Noble men and others with twelve hundred Foot and two hundred Horse The Supream Council received him with all due respect and surrendred their Government to him But this Sun-shine lasted not long The News was brought that those of Limbrick had rejected the Peace declaring for the Popes Nuncio and had stoned the King at Arms going to Proclaim it Clonmel shut their Gates on the same Score General Owen Roe O Neal being proud by a late Victory he had gained over the Scots in Vlster declared also for the Popes Nuncio Preston General of Leinster being at Birrh in the Kings County lookt very cloudily yet had Correspondence with my Lord Lieutenant but withal excusing his atendance on pretence of some Indisposition The Popes Nuncio Joannes Baptista Rinuccini Archbishop and Prince of Fermo being at Waterford in the head of a great Congregation of Archbishops Bishops and other Clergy men Secular and Regular and having by his Excommunications thus broken us the Lord Lieutenant by the advice of the Commissioners of Trust sent me to trie if I could persuade him to let the Peace go on But all I could do was in vain he declaring his Resolution to oppose it to the utmost For
know did pretend large Commissions from the King But of his Treating a Peace it was so secret that I never knew it though I was at that time of the Suprcam Council till that after the Archbishop of Tuam was killed the Peace made with him was known at Dublin it being found in the Archbishops Pocket and the benefit of it earnestly pretended by the Nuntio and his Party but as resolutely refused and rejected by my Lord Lieutenant This Peace goes by the name of Glamorgans Peace However the Nuntio having this colour improves it and by his Emissaries of the Clergy insinuates to the People his threats of excommunicating those that should accept of Ormonds Peace as they called it This broke and divided the Catholicks extremely Which the Nuncio perceiving followed it with a Thundring Excommunication to that effect Now let the failour of this Peace lie at whose door it will 't is no rashness to say That Story mentions not any one thing that had so fatal a consequence For if this Peace had gone on the King had presently been supplyed with great forces from Ireland both of English and Irish and so probably might have been prevented the ensuing mischiefs that shortly after happen'd both to him and all his Loyal Subjects throughout his Dominions But the Irish had a more particular ill Fate than the rest by this breach of Faith For albeit they discovering their Error did not long after mightily endeavour to make amends the best they could by a second and very solemn Agreement which their Commissioners signed and themselves confirmed and Sealed it with the blood of more than twenty Thousand of their best men who lost their lives to maintain it refusing in the mean while all offers of Peace and that even to the very last from the Parliament yet since his Majesties happy Restauration their Estates are by the Acts of Settlement given away some very few excepted As if all the Confederate Catholicks of Ireland had been as guilty as those who begun the Rebellion of the North or as those that were the only Authors of breaking the Peace of 46. SECT VII Private Treaties 'twixt Inchiquin and Taaf Agents sent to Paris from the Confederates Ormond return'd and the Peace of 48. concluded By it Castlehaven made General of the Horse With 5000 Foot and a 1000 Horse he regains Mary-Borough Athy and all Leix from Owen O Neals people Lord Lieutenant Marches to Dublin Some difference happen'd in point of Command makes Castlehaven withdraw The uproar at Kilkenny suppress'd by him THe Marquess of Ormond having perform'd Agreements with the Parliament left Ireland and after some time spent in England went to France At St. Germains he attended the Queen and Prince of Wales It was not long before my Lord of Inchiquin having some discontent given him by the Parliament entred into secret Treaties with the Lord Taaf since made Earl of Carlingford and other General or Principal Leaders amongst the Irish who since the rejection of the Peace having lost two great Battels the one at Dungan's-Hill alias Linch's Knock under General Preston the other at Knock na Noss under my Lord Taaf albeit this Nobleman had never been either of Owen O Neal's Party or the Nuncio's and then had fought against the Parliament considering also they had lost in both those Battels eight Thousand men at least kill'd down right besides Prisoners and looking on these great losses of their side as heavy judgments of Heaven to punish the late unparallel'd breach of Publick Faith begun to be as weary of the Nuncio as my Lord of Inchiquin was of the Parliament Wherefore they concluded to contrive the Marquess of Ormond's return and when he was come to declare for the King To this end Agents are sent from the Confederates to France viz. the Marquess of Antrim the Lord Viscount Muskry and Jeffrey Brown Esq Upon their offers the Queen and Prince of Wales dispatch'd my Lord Lieutenant to Ireland Accordingly he shipt at Haver-de-Grace in a States Man of War and Landed at Cork my self and many others attending him My Lord of Inchiquin was then with the Army in the Field but soon came to him I went before to Kilkenny Where without delay but not before his Excellency also was come thither a new Treaty was set on Foot between him and the Irish an Assembly of them sitting at that time in the Town After many disputes and reasonings which is not my business to relate a Peace was concluded called since the Peace of Forty eight What Agreement there was between my Lord Lieutenant and my Lord of Inchiquin I know not But am sure that my Lord of Inchiquin demanded of my Lord Lieutenant all Mounster for the recruiting and strengthening his Army and had it By which the Irish standing Regiments of that Province came to little or nothing But to introduce my own Story I am to tell you That in the Peace of Forty six there was an Article by which it was left to the Confederate Catholicks to name certain persons for General Officers to whom my Lord Lieutenant was to give Commissions Now I having served them long as has been seen by the Story and the same Article being confirmed in this Peace they named me as they had done in the former to be General of the Horse of the Kingdom of Ireland Which his Excellency approved and accordingly gave me a Commission and soon after sent me into the Queens County with five Thousand Foot a Thousand Horse and some Cannon to reduce the Fort of Lease otherwise called Mary-Borough Athy and other Garisons possest by O Neals people These Troops for the most part were Commanded by Sir Tho. Armstrong Colonel Treswel and other English Officers men that had always followed my Lord Lieutenants fortune and had been recruited and reinforced out of their Winter-Quarters as Kilkenny and some Counties about With them having well executed my Order without any considerable resistance I Marched to Laughlin-Bridge and Encamped giving an account to his Excellency what had pass'd and that I would there expect his farther Orders But 't was not many days before my Lord Lieutenant the Lord of Inchiquin Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Taaf Master of the Ordnance Mr. Daniel O Neal Governour of his Excellencies Guards of Horse with other Generals and the whole Army of my Lord Inchiquin and some Irish Regiments joyned us So with a goodly Train of Artillery we passed the River Barrow and that night Encamped in the County of Catherloe Where something pass'd in point of Command that gave me ground to judge my self wronged Besides I was harassed by my Marches and Labours in the Queens County In consideration of which his Excellency at my request gave me leave to retire for the refreshing my self and his Excellency Marched on and invested Dublin But being returned to Kilkenny I found the City in an uprore The occasion and issue of it take as followeth One Father Caron
saying he would fain see what man durst Toutch his Habit I laying hold on him said Lies the Enchantment there And after this the Mayor Town Major and all the rest carried them away Prisoners to the Castle as I had appointed SECT VIII He returns to the Army Inchiquin Marches to Mounster with 1100 Horse from the Siege of Dublin That Siege rais'd Cromwel landed at Dublin takes Drogheda by Storm The Lord Lieutenant forms a good Army in the County of Kilkenny Inchiquin worsted at Glascarrig Castlehaven relieves Wexford which after is betray'd by Stafford Castlehaven relieves Duncannon and the Siege of it raised Cromwel takes Ross and thence Marches to the County of Cork where all the Towns open to him Tickle's Treacherous undertaking Castlehaven made Commander in Chief of Leinster He Storms Athy Gowran betray'd to Cromwel The Plague raging at Kilkenny Cromwel Besieges and takes it by composition Castlehaven's Orders not obeyed he goes to my Lord Lieutenant in the County of Clare NOw after a while that I had diverted my self a Hunting I repaired to Limbrick and there lay causing by fair and foul means all people both in that City and County to bring in what remained due to the King of their Aplotments Having got ten Thousand pound together I delivered it to Sir George Hambleton Treasurer of the Army My Lord Lieutenant now wrote to the Commissioners of Trust sitting at Kilkenny to let me know that I should come to the Army and that all difficulties concerning Command should be removed to my Satisfaction I obeyed and Sir George and my self with our ten Thousand pound went to the Army which we found in their March removing from the Phenix side of Dublin to Rath Mines where they Encamped But my Lord of Inchiquin soon after acquainted his Excellency with some Letters he had received from his Officers in Mounster that Cromwel was to land there Which if so all his Towns would revolt if not prevented by his speedy repair thither with some or all his Army In Order to this my Lord of Inchiquin desired his Excellency's Consent that he might March away with eleven hundred Horse and his Excellency imparted all to me At which I was infinitely surprized alleadging the whole Army too weak for the work in hand I remember my Lord Lieutenants Answer But 't is not my business to speak more of this Subject having been always kept a stranger to the undertaking of this Siege 'T is enough for me to tell you here that my Lord of Inchiquin with eleven hundred Horse March'd away and you may imagine many more Soon after this happen'd the Defeat before Dublin And not long after that Cromwell with his Army Landed there March'd to Tredath and took it with all the Towns in those parts My Lord Lieutenant not being able to stand before him retired with what Troops he had to the County of Kilkenny Where my Lord of Inchiquin came to him and in a short time they formed a good Army For besides my Lord of Inchiquins Forces many Vlster Regiments of Foot joyned them Owen O Neal having by this time though too late for himself and the King's service come in upon Articles which he sign'd upon his Death-bed after he had been rejected by the Parliament Cromwel being retired to Dublin refresh'd his Army sitted himself for a new undertaking and took his March by the Sea side through the County of Wicklowe to Besiege Wexford My Lord of Inchiquin was sent to oppose him They met on the Strand in the County of Wexford towards Glascarrig fought and my Lord was Worsted My Lord Lieutenant being with his Army come to Ross and fearing a want of men within Wexford I knowing the Town and Country about it offer'd to attempt the Relief My Lord accepted my good Will and ordered me as many Regiments of Vlster Foot as made fifteen hundred men The Colonels were my Lord of Eveah and one Mac Coffre also I think another and appointed two hundred Horse to escort us I took a great compass and came before day to the Ferry near Sir Thomas Esmond's house called Ballin-Treman who as I remembred was with me Then leaving the Horse for my return I Passed that Arm of the Sea in Boats and having delivered the Foot to Sir Edmund Butler the Governor I took the same way homewards as I came The Town thus Manned was Impregnable as to Cromwel by force Yet he took it by the advantage of a Castle that was betray'd unto him by the Governour one James Stafford This Castle was strong and stood about two or three hundred Paces from the Wall The Communication with the Town could not be Cut. So that the Danger was least there if Treachery had not been in the Case But the Castle being betray'd it Mastered all that part of the Wall So Cromwel's Forceâ—s entred and made almost as great a Slaughter as at Drogheda My Lord Lieutenant then with his Army retired over the River of Ross and encamped on the County of Kilkenny side From whence his Excellency sent me into the County of Waterford to Passage over against Bally-hack to look after the relieving of Duncannon Besieged by some of Cromwels people I think Ireton Commanded And for all there were Parliament Ships before it I ventured one morning with a Boat and got into the place to the Governour a brave Gentleman one Colonel Wogane whom my Lord sometime before had sent to Command and with him besides the Irish Garison about a hundred English Officers who had served the King in the Wars of England He from the highest part of the Rampart shewed me how the Enemy lay After I had well considered all I offered to send him that night by Sea eighty Horse Sadled and with Pistols if he would mount them with so many of his English Officers and before day with them and some Foot make a sharp Sally He lik'd it extremely but doubted my part for putting in the Horse it being about three miles by Sea I bad him leave that to me Having thus concluded I took my Boat returned and set my self to my Business The Tide serving at the beginning of the night and having provided Boats I Commanded eighty choice Horse to come to the Sea side Where making the Horsemen alight I caused the Horses to be Boated sending some to hold them They entred the Place and all was executed as designed great Slaughter made and the Cannons seised For the Confusion amongst the Enemy was great by reason that they judged it the falling in of an Army from abroad hearing and seeing horses and knowing none to be in the Fort. Our people retiring before day the Enemy raised the Siege in the morning and Marched off His Excellency shortly after this made me Governour of Waterford whither I went with a Thousand men But the Town would not admit them entrance On which I after several days dispute being in despair Marched away in the night All this while
the Armies were not idle For Cromwel after the rendition of Wexford came to Ross making a breach took it passed the River there Marched through the County of Kilkenny to Carick and passing the River of the Shower into the County of Waterford March'd on into the County of Cork where all my Lord of Inchiquins Towns opend their Gates to him The particular actings between the Armies I must leave to those that know better for I was seldom with them but imployed up and down as you see The persons principally intrusted by my Lord Lieutenant for the Government of the Army were my Lord of Inchiquin and my Lord Taaf till the Spring following Then Cromwel began to move again having drawn his Forces together and had gained one Captain Tickle to secure him a Gate or two of Kilkenny when he should think sit The Plague strangely raged now in this City as it had done for a long time in all our Towns And Cromwel having left his Garisons in the County of Cork in good Order was advanced into the County of Tipperary in his way to the Siege of Kilkenny I having nothing to do went one morning early a Fox-Hunting as I was accustomed all the Winter My Lord Lieutenant joyning me in my way said he would see what we did Being a little farther out of Town he began to tell me how he had discovered this Treachery of Tickle Cromwels approach and his design to Besiege this place After some discourse it was not long before my Lord came to the point and told me that it was resolved in Council that he should immediately repair into the County of Clare from thence and the adjacent Countries endeavour theraising an Army to attend the Motions of Cromwel and that in his absence he should appoint me Commander in chief of the Province of Leinster Any man may judge how I was pleased with this honour But my obedience though I thought my self lost by it obliged me to a Submission So I cast my self at my Lords Feet to dispose of me as he pleased The Commission with all necessary Orders dispatched his Excellency with his Generals and Commissioners of Trust left Kilkenny and went straight to the County of Clare I lost no time and bestirr'd my self making Major James Walsh Governour of the Castle and Sir Walter Butler of the City I did all I could to furnish it with Men Provision and Ammunition of all sorts then March'd out my self leaving the Garisons strong about two hundred Horse and a Thousand Foot Cromwel now having left Cashel and being on his March to Callen I went to Catherlow hoping to have met there such Troops from all parts of the Province as I had ordered But those Quartered in the lower Divident under the Command of the Lord Dillon intirely failed being about the number of two Thousand five hundred Foot and six or seven hundred Horse and in their stead I received a Letter from his Lordship as if he were sending them in great hast But they never came though I repeated often my Orders These and other Troops not appearing I knew not well what to do For I had only with me 800 Foot of the Province and an Vlster Regiment of twelve hundred more Sir Thomas Armstrong Commissary General of the Horse a brave Commander was my chief Counsellor His Regiment with my Lord Lieutenants Commanded by Colonel Treswel and some other Troops made up near a Thousand Horse At this time an Irish man was brought unto me taken by some of my Guards who being to be examined desired to speak with me alone Which being granted he produced a piece of yellow Wax in form almost round which he was to swallow on occasion Within it there was Note from Huson to Cromwel intimating that he with his Forces were on their March from Dublin towards him but desired his Orders in respect that I lay in his way Having Copied the Note I roul'd it in the Wax as I had it And the fellow having assured me of his return with Cromwels answer I trusted him suffer'd him to go on his way The second or third day he came to me and delivered me another piece of Wax as the former with Cromwel's Order to Huson inclosed which I kept However Huson held on his March and pass'd the River Barow eight or ten Miles below me Now though I was not of strength to meddle with his Army I made some advantage of my Intelligence and Marched to Athy a Town with a Bridge eight Miles above on the same River where Huson had a Magazine with seven hundred men in Garison and coming before it about an hour before Sun-set I took it by Storm with all the Garison Prisoners at discretion But the place not being tenable I slighted it and not knowing what to do with my Prisoners I made a Present of them to Cromwel desiring him by Letter that he would do the like with me as any of mine should fall into his power But he little valued my Civility For in a very few days after he Besieged Gowran where Colonel Hammond Commanded and the Souldiers Mutining and giving up the place with their Officers he caused this Gouernor Hamond and some other English Officers to be shot to Death Which being done and all other places in the County of Kilkenny cleared by him he salls to work and Besieges Kilkenny it self Whereupon I took my March to Baliraget within 7 Miles of him But finding my self too much exposed there I Marched into Ossory and made my head Quarter at Castletown a place belonging to Mr. Fits Patrick Whence I sent again to the Lord Dillon to come unto me with all the Force he had He gave me still fair promises as before but never came I then with the advice of Sir Thomas Armstrong and Colonel Treswel resolv'd with my Party to enter Kilkenny Which was easie to be done the side where the River runs being open but when I came to our Rendevous my Vlster Regiment appeared not but were Marched away to their own Country alleadging they came to Fight against men but not against God Their meaning was because of the Plague This Design being thus broken and a great breach made in the Wall near the Castle which had been assaulted two or three times and no hopes ever to be Succoured I sent Orders to the Governors to make Conditions when they thought fit and both to joyn at the same time though the Castle might hold out two or three days longer than the Town Cromwel being thus Master of Kilkenny I retired into the Kings County Where understanding that Carloe Castle was Besieg'd I appointed a Rendevous intending to attempt the Succour But coming to the place I found not half my Foot The rest were March'd into Mounster I know not by what order Now finding my self thus used and reflecting on several other hardships put upon me since the Peace of 48 in despair of success I left Leinster and
my March was soon given to Sir Hardress Waller or my Lord Brochil or both lying near Kilmallock with great Forces They pursued me and I coming to our appointed Rendevous no news there was of the fifteen hundred Foot Having lost this Anchor I was put to my Wits ends But not having much time to think the Enemy coming on I resolved to thrust into the next Fastness and save my self as well as I could But there was a Castle of the O-Machers that stood in the way possest by the Enemy And there being no other passage I sent to the adjacent Villages and got together Crows of Iron Pickaxes and what else that could be found necessary and making my Horse-men to alight I fell a Storming the Castle Which with the Assistance of the Limbrick Foot in three or four hours time was yielded I left my hundred men in this place to secure the Pass Now being pretty safe I lodg'd that night at my ease where Collonel Fitz Patrick came to me who had for some time kept in those Fastnesses with a good Party of Foot and some Horse My men being well refreshed I took the plain Countrey near Burras and after entring the Woods at the foot of the Mountain Sleau Bleauma I met Sir Walter Dungan then Commissary General of the Horse as was Ordered He brought with him only three hundred Horse but I finding my self still pursued with Horse and Foot besides what were gathering round on all sides I took leave of Sir Walter ordering him to return from whence he came and to stop all Forces that I had sent for as well from Vlster as Leinster So I with my thousand Horse marched into Conaught passing by the Bridge of Athlone Being there I posted to Loghreah where my Lord Deputy was with a General Assembly sitting in his House I coming into his Chamber found with him about a dozen principal men of the Assembly deputed to him setting forth the desperate Estate of the Nation with the impossibility much farther to hold out Besides that there were now come to the Town Mr. John Grace and Mr. John Bryan Commissioners from the Parliament or their Commander in Chief offering greater Conditions than was reasonably to be expected as the case stood Whilst this Address was making my Lord was glad to see me come in and ordered them to repeat what they had said I seemed much scandalized at the ill timing of their Proposals and therefore presently declared my dislike to it Then by my Lords permission weary and dirty as I was I went down into the Assembly as a Peer being a Member and exprest my detestation of what they had in hand demonstrating that if those fifteen hundred men commanded by one Collonel Burk had not failed I had probably now been Master of the Field besides that the noise of a Treaty might destroy all what could be hoped for of good from the Kings Endeavours against Cromwel that His Majesty as his own Letters spoke both to my Lord Deputy and my self made no doubt if he could gain fourty eight hours march before Cromwel towards England his business was done because all were ready there to joyn in assisting him And that he therefore conjured us not to hearken to any Treaty with the Enemy Then I set forth the state of the Forces of the Kingdom on all sides and concluded very severely against the two Parliament Commissioners So that they hastily packt out of Town and the Assembly let the matter fall Reynolds now besieged Tecrohan in Meath and my Lord Deputy came to Tyrrels Pace about twelve miles from it with two thousand Foot and seven hundred Horse A Councel of War being held I proposed that our Horse should alarm the Enemy whilst the Foot attempted to succour the Place taking their March through the Bogs 'T was alledged by all impossible to be done For coming near the place there were two necks of Land that did almost meet and that between them there was a great Way or Tougher with a large Ditch of Water on each side which must be ccossed and that in all likely hood the Enemy would plant their Guns on the firm Land at both ends of this Tougher and bring the strength of their Army to defend that Passage there being no other way seeing we had not force to attempt them on the firm Land I heard all this and knew it well yet did not agree to the Impossibility of entring the place Then addressing my self to the Deputy I begged pardon if I guessed at the thoughts of the Officers present which was that I being General of the Horse might well advance this Undertaking For I was to be with the Horse and so to have no share in this Danger But to shew them the contrary I desired his Excellency to give me the Command of this party of Foot which he did and himself to march with the Horse to alarm the Enemy on another side It being thus determined I entred the Bog which was eight miles long with my two thousand Foot and his Excellency took his March as was agreed Coming in sight of this Tougher I found the Enemy expecting as we had supposed for they saw me Marching from the first entring into the Bog I then put my men into the best Order I could in three Divisions two to attempt passing the Tougher the third to stand still faceing two or three Battallions that were drawn on my right hand fearing they would fall on my Flank or Rear I March'd on with my two Divisions Coming within Shot they raked me with their Cannon and great Volleys of small Shot But I advanced still and my men fought it on the Tougher with handy blows making those that Defended it retire to their Horse which stood drawn up at each end of the Tougher or firm Land Seeing this go so well I look'd back and saw my third Division which was to stand still coming after me I ran to it crying to the Officer that Commanded to attack the Battallions which he was commanded to look after on this he turned to his men and spake something in Irish that I do not know and March'd two or three hundred Paces in such a fashion that I could not tell whether he intended Fighting or Running away But coming to the Point where he must declare he plainly run away and all his Party followed him which when the two Divisions that had passed the Tougher saw they Marched on into the Place and I was left alone only some Gentlemen with me and by the favour of the night for now it began to be dark I got off and by the next morning returned to Terrils Pace where I had left my Lord Deputy who had all the Story before my coming and sending out took this Captain that had caused this Disorder who by a Council of War being condemned was shot to Death His name was Fox After this Ireton was not idle knowing our weakness too well and that
Lord of Ormond I delivered my Letters of Credit and in a day or two had my Audience They seemed to take it to heart and Consulted Cardinal Mazerine and the chief Ministers But the truth of it is that the King of France's Affairs were at that time so much in disorder by reason of the Civil War that nothing could be done Having this Answer the King gave me a Letter to my Lord Deputy acknowledging his good Service ordering him that he should make the best conditions for himself and Party that he could and expect a better season Having thus discharged my Commission I dismiss'd my Frigate and with the Kings permission engaged my self in the Service of the Prince of Conde who was then joyned with the Spaniard But first I sent by a safe hand his Majesties Letter away to my good Lord of Clanrickard Of whom I have said so much already that I need add nothing but my own esteem for his worthy Memory as a pattern of Loyalty Between my leaving him and his laying down Arms I can give no account but have heard that he was driven to great extremity SECT X. Some few Reflections more of Castlehaven on himself And the last of all is an acknowledgment of a most extraordinary favour of God to him ANd so I have done my Story And you find by these Memoir's that no man could arrive to greater Trust and Credit than I had amongst the Irish though the War till the Peace of Forty Six was almost National And then they made me what they could by naming me to remain General of the Horse of the Kingdom in the Kings Service Which was a Right left to them by that Peace It remains now that I give those few Reflections more upon my self which may let the Reader know to what next God's blessing I impute that esteem and fortune I had among the Confederate Catholicks of Ireland In my beginning I was a great Partyman But considering my self and Soldiers but young beginners I meddled with nothing that was not almost sure remembring that young Hawks must be entred on weak game Having Marshal-law it was certain Death to take from any of our Friends the worth of a Hen. But withal I had care that my Soldiers should not want If any thing happen'd of that kind I sent out a Party with a sure Officer to bring in so many Beefs and at his return to tell me where he took ' em Then I issued my Order to the Commissioners to applot on the County or Barony from whence the cattle came their value and immediately to satisfie the Owners which was always allowed out of their Contributions This I held constantly during the War An other of my Rules no less punctually observed was That if by accident any want fell out to be in the Army I kept no Table and eat no better than the Soldiers did Though otherwise I did generally keep a good Table and my Officers were welcome to me I never took the worth of a crown for my self either from Country-man Officer or Soldier but lived still upon my bare Pay Though the Council never stinted me but left me at liberty to take besides what I should think fit out of the Treasure that commonly March'd along with the Army and was disposed of by my Orders I was a good Providore and had my Magazines well furnished and seated as I was to make the War For men eat every day but Fight seldom My Soldiers I called my Children and really had a Fatherly love and care for them And they by their duty bravery and affection made me a full return I punisht severely which made my Orders to be well observ'd and rewarded bountifully according to my power If an Officer or Soldier had done a brave Action I treated the Officer some days at my Table and took all occasions by talking to improve his glory and seldom either Officer or Soldier went without advancement or other reward I made it my business always to March and Encamp so as not to be engag'd to Fight without an enemy would come on great disadvantage My Intelligence and Spies cost me very dear But I had good Whenever I Fought or had a mind to Fight coming in view of the Enemy and being in order of Battle I rode to all the Battallions and Squadrons to observe their looks And then with a cheerful countenance acquainting them them truly with what I knew of the Enemy and our Condition I told them my own opinion for Fighting and if they liked it I would go on otherwise not This I did to engage them in judgment as well as duty I made it my business to get my Troops good Winter-Quarters But during the Field I was very strict in my Musters And ever and anon being not in danger of an Enemy I made the Battallions and Squadrons March by Companies that I might know their number just For a General will be cozen'd if he brings his men to Fight on sworn Relations I suffer'd no Officer to take from a Soldier the worth of a penny I do not remember that during the time I serv'd the Consederate Catholicks they ever gave me any Instructions what I should do but left all to my self Which made their business go the better I shall now conclude these Reflections with the greatest Reflection of all which is on my infinite obligation to Almighty God who hath so protected me that to this hour neither in those Wars of Ireland or any other that I have been in since either Army or Party of Army great or small was ever beaten so by an Enemy as to lose their ground to the end of the Fight where I Commanded in Chief FINIS