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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43199	Ductor historicus, or, A short system of universal history and an introduction to the study of that science containing a chronology of the most celebrated persons and actions from the creation to this time, a compendious history of ... transactions ... of the ancient monarchies and governments of the world, an account of the writings of the most noted historians ... together with definitions and explications of terms used in history and chronology, and general instructions for the reading of history / partly translated from the French of M. de Vallemont, but chiefly composed anew by W.J., M.A.	Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735.; Vallemont, abbé de (Pierre Le Lorrain), 1649-1721. Elémens de l'histoire.	1698 (1698)	Wing H1309; ESTC R15760	279,844	444

the Tartars and ascended the Throne of the Empire of China and established the 21st Family named Mim The twenty second State was under the XXI Family named Mim which had 16 Emperors and lasted 276 years 1369 In the year 1645 Zunchin the last Emperor of the Family of Mim being conquered by the Tartars who invaded his Territories retired into a Garden of his Palace where he hanged himself And Xunchi who had conquered China was the first Founder of the 22d Family named Cim The twenty third State was under the XXII Family named Cim and is that Family which is at present in Possession of the Throne We have had so little to do with China till of late Days that 't is hardly worth our while to set down the Names and the Chronological Succession of all the pretended Chinese Emperors from the time of Noah yet if any Credit be to be given to the Account which Father Martini and Father Couplet two Jesuits have handed down to us about this Matter I believe we could not put too high an Esteem on such a Chronological Series of Kings which reaches to the very first Ages of the World But to be plain in the case We do not think these Collections to be much worth since we are uncertain whether these Fathers were able Criticks or no and upon what Memoirs they founded their Account For thus much we learn from their very Histories That there happened several Distrubances in China which occasioned the Loss of a great many of its ancient Records Mention is therein made of a certain Yven-ti the third Emperor of the tenth Family who about the year of our Lord 552 when he saw himself apprehended and made Prisoner before he would surrender himself broke his Sword and burnt his Library wherein were above 140000 Volumes which he did upon the Consideration that neither his Sword nor his Books would be of any farther use to him In short let the Case be how it will I fancy no body would believe me if I should here say That Hoam-ti the third Elected Emperor 2697 years before Iesus Christ built a Temple to the Supreme Monarch of the Universe That he adorn'd his Head with the Regal Diadem That he made choice of a Yellow-colour'd Habit which none of his Subjects durst wear That he was a great Lover of Musick And that he brought Astronomy and Physick to its Perfection For we are so uncertain upon what Grounds these things are told us that we read all this Account as a perfect Romance However we shall here subjoin some Curiosities which cannot but create a great deal of Pleasure and Satisfaction to them who read it Confucius the Chinese Philosopher IN the year of the World 3233 and 717 years before Iesus Christ was the famous Confucius born the greatest Philosopher that China ever had He drew in his first Breath in the Village of Leu ye hard by the City of Kiofeu in the Province of Xanton on the North of Nankin It was under Kimvam the 24th Emperor of the third Family that he began to signalize himself by the fineness of his Philosophy to the Profession of which he adjoyned a singular Innocence of Manners His Writings are full of very fine Maxims and such as tend wholly to establish Quietness in private Families and Peace in the publick State He was of the Opinion that it is very important for Sovereign Princes that the Fathers should have a Supreme Authority over their Children He would have their Authority be very extensive because in truth the Inclination of a Child receiving a right Ply betimes and being kept to an entire Dependance under a Paternal Authority would be the more easy to submit to the Yoke of Regal Power The Chinese and the adjacent Nations such as the Inhabitants of Tunquin and Iapan stiled Confucius a wise and a holy Man His Writings are in as much Esteem among those Nations as the Gospel is among the Christians There is scarce a City but has a magnificent College dedicated to Confucius and every where may be seen Inscriptions in Golden Letters To the Memory of the Great Master or rather To the Memory of the Illustrious Prince of Learning Never did any Philosopher receive greater Honours from his own Country insomuch that his Posterity was highly honoured not only by Noble Titles but also by great Revenues and particular Marks of Esteem About the year of the World 3728 Xi-hoan-ti the second Emperor of the fourth Family governed with a great deal of Severity and Cruelty This was the Man who caused the famous Wall to be built to cover China from the Incursions of the Tartars About the year of the World 3786 reigned Ven-ti the third Emperor of the fifth Family who was a Prince of extraordinary Temper In his time Paper was first invented in China In the year of Christ 650 Cao-cum caused several Temples to be erected to the true God and favoured the Establishment of Christianity which had been formerly preached in China under his Predecessor In the year of Christ 1064 Ym-cum the fifth Emperor of the nineteenth Family began to reign In his time lived the famous Historiographer Su-ma-quam whose Annals begin with Hoam-ti which most of the Chinese look upon as the first Founder of their Monarchy We hope this short Account of the Chinese thô by way of Digression will not be ungrateful to the Learned World and shall now proceed to give you an Account of those other States and Empires which afterwards being conquered composed successively a great part of the Roman Monarchy beginning with that of Egypt as being one of the most ancient CHAP. VI. Of the Kings of Egypt EGypt anciently called Misraim and the Land of Ham Aeria Potamia Ogygia Melampodus and Osyria derived its present Name from Egyptus the Brother of Danaus It is part of Africa bounded on the North by the Egyptian or rather part of the Mediterranean Sea on the East by Arabia Petrea and Sinus Arabicus on the South by Ethiopia and on the West by Cyrenaica It was formerly divided into the Vpper and Lower Egypt but at present it is divided into four Parts I. Errif or the Lower Egypt containing the old proper Egypt and Augusticana II. Pechria Demisor or Middle Egypt containing the greatest part of old Arcadia III. Sahid or the Vpper Egypt part of old Thebais IV. The Coast of the Red Sea containing part of the ancient Thebais and Arcadia There is in Egypt the famous Istmus of Sues that parts the Red Sea from the Mediterranean which several Princes have in vain attempted to cut so as to joyn those two Seas There is nothing more obscure or uncertain in History than what has commonly been published concerning the Government and Succession of the first Kings of Egypt Here we walk even in Egyptian Darkness it self and cannot set two Steps forward without being misled Historians cannot agree among themselves about the Names the Time the Number nor the Series of these

London Printed for Tim Childe 1698 Ductor Historicus OR A SHORT SYSTEM OF Universal History AND AN INTRODUCTION TO THE Study of that Science Containing A CHRONOLOGY of the most Celebrated Persons and Actions from the Creation to this Time A COMPENDIOUS HISTORY of the most considerable Transactions in the World to the Time of our Saviour In a Series of the Successions of the ANCIENT MONARCHIES And Governments of the World An Account of the Writings of the most noted Historians with the Judgments of eminent Criticks upon them Together with Definitions and Explications of Terms used in History and Chronology And General Instructions for the Reading of History Illustrated with proper Observations and Remarks Partly Translated from the French of M. de Vallemont but chiefly Composed anew by W. I. M. A. LONDON Printed for Tim 〈◊〉 at the White Hart at the West-end of S. Paul's Church-yard 1698. To the Right Honourable JOHN Lord Churchill My LORD MY small Endeavours of serving the Publick have met with such repeated Encouragements in Your Illustrious Family that I have impatiently waited for a proper Occasion to express my Dutiful Acknowledgments Custom MY LORD has at all Times justified Dedications chiefly perhaps because Fortune seldom puts it in the Power of a Writer to shew his Gratitude to the Supporters of Learning any other way Nevertheless I think it an unpardonable Rudeness in an Author boldly to obtrude a Book to a Person that can reap either Pleasure or Benefit by it and therefore I have delay'd so long to wait upon Your LORDSHIP till the Usefulness of the Present might in some measure attone for the Trouble of the Address History My LORD of all Sciences is that which is the most suitable to all Persons and which best answers the two main Ends of our Studies Profit and Delight But it deserves in a more peculiar manner the Application of those of Your Rank and Dignity for History is chiefly conversant about the Lives and Actions of the Illustrious and since there is a sort of Collateral Affinity between Great Men of all Times and Places it highly concerns them to be acquainted with one another Moreover the Variety of Great Events and Revolutions the different Laws Religions and Customs which History presents to our Sight cannot but yield a very diverting and entertaining Prospect and the Account it gives us of the several Characters of Men and of the chief Springs and Motives of their Actions together with the Good and Bad Examples it sets before us will certainly go a great way towards the making a Wise and a Prudent Man 'T is true MY LORD that if Examples suffice to form a Great Man Your LORDSHIP has no occasion to fetch 'em from abroad You will find in Your Noble Father alone a perfect Pattern of Military and Political Virtues By Him Your LORDSHIP may learn to be both a Soldier and a Statesman Great at the Head of an Army Great in Business but still Greater in a wise Retirement in a Word to be like Caesar in the Field the Senate-house and the Closet That you may prove such is the most sincere and constant Wish of My LORD Your LORDSHIPS most humble most faithful and most obliged Servant A. B. PREFACE 'T IS a true certain and 〈◊〉 evident Maxim That all Knowledge or Learning● call it which you pleas● is more or less necessary as it does conduce in a higher or lower degree to the making Men useful and beneficial to others and easy and happy in themselves both here and hereafter That Knowledge which has the greatest Tendency to these Ends is certainly the most necessary and preferable to all other kinds of Knowledge whatsoever Thus for Instance Divinity and Morality as they tend chiefly to promote the Welfare and Happiness both of private Persons and of publick Communities the Knowledge of them is the most necessary of any others but yet it does not follow that all other Knowledge is unnecessary Therefore we must crave leave to dissent from Mr. Norris who in his Reflections upon the Conduct of Human Life with relation to Learning has endeavour'd by a Metaph●sical ●train of Thought to prove That some sorts of Knowledge are Necessary but others Contingent among the latter of which he ranks Histo●y Now tho' we bear all due Respect and Veneration to that good and learned Author yet we must frankly own That we disapprove of his Assertion in this Matter since it can be made appear by Good and Solid tho' not Metaphisical Reasons That History is as necessary in an inferior degree to the Conduct of Human Life as Divin●ty Morality c. are in a higher degree necessary to the same End The usefulness of this kind of Knowledge I mean of History is so great to All who are design'd for publick Employments either in Church or State and to all those who would read and know Men as well as Books that this very Consideration makes it highly necessary to such But we might advance our Position still farther and prove that this kind of Knowledge is in some measure useful and beneficial and consequently necessary to Men of the meanest C●pacities and of the lowest Size For tho' it be true as the forementioned Author says That it does not much concern us when a Bird drop'd his Feather last on the Pyrenean Mountains yet we presume he will own That the Knowledge of the various Revolutions that have happen'd to the greatest Monarchies of the Vicissitudes of Fortune that have attended the greatest Princes of the prosperous Success of Good and the infamous Ends of bad Men of the Signal Providence of a Supream Being that has manifested it self in all these Things with the like to the Knowledge of all which we arrive by the Accounts of History is of nearer and greater Concernment to us than that Triff●ng Simile to which he ventures to compare it That History is or might be very useful and necessary to the meanest Persons appears from the Love they have and the Attention they give to the reading of the Fabulous Histories of Valentine and Orson of Cassandra of Parismus and Parismenos c. For it may be very reasonably inferr'd That if such Romances and Fables if an old Wive's Tale told with an Air of Probability and Truth in a Chimney corner have such strange Effects upon the Minds of the Vulgar as we see them have then certainly the true Accounts of the Actions and Lives of the Ancients coming in with the joint Testimony of several Historians must needs have as great if not greater Effects on the Minds of these Persons This is not meer Conjecture but Matter of Fact for we will instance in one History and that is the Account Iosephus has given of the Destruction of the Iews This small part of his History being translated into our Language is much in the Hands of the very meanest Persons and by common Experience we find that they are as much affected with

9. Nebuchadnezzar II. stiled the Great succeeded his Father Nabopolassar This man besieged and took Ierusalem carried away Zodekiah and all his Nobles into Captivity rifled the Temple of its Vessels brought them to Babylon and placed them in the Temple of his God Bell. He dreamed a Dream of the Four Monarchies which Daniel explained erected an Image in Susa cast the Three Children into the burning fiery Furnace was puffed up with Pride at the Greatness of his Conquests and the Magnificence of his Buildings was deprived of his Reason and turned out to feed with Beasts was restored after 7 years and died after he had reigned 43 years 608 3386. 10. Evilmerodach succeeded his Father Nebuchadnezzar and reigned a little more than 2 years 564 3388. 11. Nerigloosser kill'd Evilmerodach and reign'd with his Son Laborosoarchod about 4 years The former was defeated by Cyrus and killed in Battel and the latter was slain for his Irregularities 562 3392. 12. Belshazzar Son to Evilmerodach and Grandson to Nebuchadnezzar succeeded In a Prophane Feast which he made he saw an Hand writing upon the Wall which Daniel explained and according to his Prophecy he was deposed and killed by his Soldiers and Cyaxares or Darius the Mede seiz'd upon the Throne Thus ended the Assyrian Monarchy which was translated to the Persians 558 The State of that part of the Assyrian Monarchy which was governed by the Medes from Arbaces their first King to Cyaxares or Darius their last Years of the World Years before Christ. 3148. 1. ARbaces having defeated Sardanapalus and taken Nineveh reigned over the Medes 28 years 802 3176. 2. Sosarmus reigned 30 years 774 3206. 3. Medidus reigned 40 years 744 3246. 4. Cardiceas reigned 13 years 704 3259. 5. Dejoces or Arphaxad reigned 53 years 691 3312. 6. Phraortes or Artynes succeeded his Father Dejoces conquered the Persians and reigned 22 years 638 3334. 7. Cyaxeres I. succeeded his Father was more Warlike than his Predecessors but was subdued by the Scythianss who ruled 18 years afterwards were made drunk by him and were killed He reigned 40 years 616 3374. 8. Astyages succeeded his Father and reigned 35 years This King sent his Son Cyaxeres and his Grandson Evil-Merodach who with a great Army of Horse and Foot made Incursions on the Frontiers of Media The Assyrians were beaten and forced to retire 576 3409. 9. Cyaxeres II. or Darius the Mede succeeded his Father and reigned 30 years This was he who conquered Belshazzar and began to lay the Foundation of the Persian Empire being during his Life called the Empire of the Medes and Persians but after his Death united by Cyrus 541 CHAP. III. Of the Persian Monarchy THE second of the four great Monarchies was the Persian which lasted from Cyrus the first Monarch to Darius Codomannus the last 206 years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3419. 1. Cyrus obtain'd the Kingdom of Persia by the Death of his Father Cambyses and the Kingdom of the Medes by the Death of his Uncle Cyaxeres and by this means founded the Persian Monarchy Cyrus died in the 70th year of his Age. But some say that being defeated by Tomiris Queen of the Scythians he had the Misfortune to fall under her just Vengeance who cut off his Head threw it into a Vessel full of Blood and insulted over him in these Terms Satia te sanguine Cyre i. e. Now Tyrant take thy fill of Human Blood 531 3421. 2. Cambyses succeeded his Father Cyrus and reigned over Persia 7 years and 7 months He was a cruel King killed his own Brother Smerdis crucified Polycrates and killed himself at last by his own Sword 529 3429. Oropastes the Magician usurps the Throne under the false Name of Smerdis but within a few months after was killed by seven great Lords who conspired against him Their Names we learn from Herodotus to be Otanes Hidarnes Megabizus Gobrias Aspatines Intaphernes and Darius 521 3430. 3. Darius I. Sirnamed Hystaspes one of the seven Lords who had killed Oropastes is acknowledged King by all the rest which he brought about by this Stratagem These Lords could not very well agree among themselves what Form of Government they had best have Otanes was for a Democracy Megabizus maintained that an Oligarchical Government would be most advantageous But Darius preferred a Monarchical State before either of the former and his Opinion met with the greatest Applause The Question then rose who should be their King since the Heirs-Male of Cyrus were extinct At last they agreed unanimously That the next morning by Sun-rising they should all mount on Horseback and the Man whose Horse neigh'd first should be acknowledged King Oebor Darius's Groom had the Art of making a Horse neigh when he pleased which Skill he then made use of in favour of his Master So that no sooner was Darius mounted but his Horse neigh'd the other Lords alighted did Obeisance to him and owned him for their King He reigned 36 years 520 In the beginning of his Reign he married Atossa the Daughter of Cyrus Widow of Cambyses and of a certain Grandee to whom she had been afterwards married This he did out of Policy to support himself in the Throne thereby insinuating that the Kingdom was not translated to a Stranger but to one of Cyrus's Family Within a while after Darius being returned from Hunting sprained his Foot as he alighted off his Horse There were a great many Egyptian Physicians then at Court who used their utmost Skill to ease the King but all to no purpose for he neither slept nor was his Pain abated for 7 days together At last Democedes a Greek Physician was called for who managing the Distemper according to the Grecian Method gave the Prince something to make him sleep and healed him in a few days The same Democedes was likewise Fortunate in curing the Queen Atossa of an Ulcer in her Breast Among other Favours which that Princess urg'd him to demand of her he intreated her to inspire the King with a Resolution of conquering Greece He had his Desire granted for Darius ordered fifteen of his chief Nobles to attend Democedes that they might take a View of the Cities of Greece which he intended to conquer Accordingly they departed from Susa the Capital City of Susiana in the Kingdom of Persia and passing through Phenicia to Sidon they furnished themselves with Provisions and embarked for Greece They took a View of the Sea-Ports drew Charts of the Coasts omitted nothing that might be of Use to their Design went as far as Italy and visited Tarentum At last Democedes being arriv'd at the Place he desir'd very cunningly gave his magnificent Attendants the slip who in the whole Expedition followed his Orders and by this means got to Crotona where his House was leaving the others to get home as well as they could Other Authors tell us that it was Hippias who instigated Darius against the Greeks But wh●ther one or either of them occasion'd it 't