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A04666 A compendious and most marueilous history of the latter tymes of the Iewes commune weale beginnynge where the Bible or Scriptures leaue, and continuing to the vtter subuersion and laste destruction of that countrey and people: written in Hebrew by Ioseph Ben Gorion, a noble man of the same countrey, who sawe the most thinges him selfe, and was auctour and doer of a great part of the same. Translated into Englishe by Peter Morvvyng of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford.; Josippon. English. Abridgments. Morwen, Peter.; Ibn Daud, Abraham ben David, Halevi, ca. 1110-ca. 1180. Sefer ha-Kabalah.; Joseph ben Gorion, ha-Kohen, attributed name. 1558 (1558) STC 14795; ESTC S122046 196,775 569

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handes They agreed broughte him to Schimeon who commaunded his seruauntes assone as he was come to flea him But while he that was apointed to this businesse made delay and killed him net by and by he whipt downe of the hill escaped and came to Titus who commaunded him oute of his sighte being wroth with him that he had not sought vnto deathe rather then to be taken quicke But with the Iewes was he wonderfullye displeased that they had so dispitefullye ordered his men wherfore he commaunded to kil all the Iewes as many as could be founde in the streetes of the ●●ye whome he woulde haue spared before and caused proclamation to be made throughoute all hys campe for theyr safetye Then died many of the Iewes so that euerye place was full of deade bodies The menne of warre of the Edomites whythe were wyth Schimeon perceiuinge howe the matter wente they sente Embassadoures to Titus to desire peace and to saue theyr lyues which when it came to Schimeons ear he wente vnto them and slue the chiefe of them and their noble men the rest of the people of the Edomites fledde vnto Titus From that time forthe Titus commaunded his men to vse no more truelty vpō the Iewes Sone after fled Iehochanan and Schimeon and hid thē selues in certain caues The rest of the chief mē of the Iewes that were with them seing them nowe to be fled came nowne from the Mounte vnto Titus set downe vpon their face before hym vpon the ground whome Titus receiue● gentlelye As for the sedicious that were with Schimeon Iehochanan they fought till they al died together Thē cam forth vnto Titus one Iosua a priest sonne of Schaftai the hie prieste bringing with him two candelstickes of gold which were in the sanctuary and the tables of gold with other vessels of siluer and gold and also the holye vestures decked with golde and precious stones all those he gaue vnto Titus who made him chiefe priest ouer them that remained nexte vnder Ioseph the priest for Titus gaue Ioseph authority as wel ouer the priestes and Leuites as ouer the whole people of the Iewes Then was Gorion the father of Ioseph that writ this history brought oute of the prison with his wife and children among whō was one Bonian Iosephs yonger brother he was a verye wise a godly priest by whome god bestowed many benefites vpō the Israelites For Titus lefte him at Ierusalem and tooke him not with him as he did Ioseph Iosephes father liued after the city was taken twenty moneths died They tooke then also one Phmeas a prieste who was keper of the treasure house he bewraied and vttered to the Romains al the treasures of the priestes and their vestements he gaue also vnto Titus a moosse precious oyle wyth swere o●ours and perfumes and garmentes also of purple which the kinges of the second temple had geuē Wherfore both this Phineas and Iosua whō we mentioned afore transgressed the couenaunte of the Lord and offended God in that they deliuered his iewels to the ennemies of his people whiche thei ought not to haue done but rather to haue died for the glory of the Lord as the other priestes did whiche caste them selues into the fire Thus was the city of Ierusalem takē with al the precious thinges that were therein and Titus went vp to the mount Sion ●●ke it and raced the walles therof Vpon a three daies after Iehochanan sore vert with hunger leste his place where he lucked and came to Titus fell downe afore him and kissed his feete sayinge saue me O Lord king Titus commauded him 〈◊〉 be fettered with irā cheins when he had caused him to be carted about the campe so bound to be mocked of al men by the space of .vii. daies he commaunded to han● him so gate he a iuste ende and fit rewarde for his cruelty After ware came Schimeon also forth of his den being driuē with famin he had out on king ye apparel shewed him self a far of to the Romaine host who seing him were afraide to go to him but he called vnto thē askt fo● s●me captaine Then one came forth s●id vnto Schimeon tel me who the art I wil not kil thee Schimeon answered therefore tolde him I am Schimeon that sedicious Captaine of the Iewes whiche haue made you so muche a not now I beseche thee shew me so muche sauour as to bring me to Titus thi master which he did Titus therfore when he saw Schimeon he cōmaunded him to be fast bound and to be ●ed about the whole host that he might be deluded m●ckt Afterward he was put to a fore death first his head was striken of thē he was cut in many peces and cast vnto dogges so he died an abhominable death being punished for his iniquity THe number of the Iewes aswell citizens as other that came vnto the feast to Ierusalem whiche were flaine partly by the Romaines partly by the sedicious duringe the whole tyme of those war●es was knowen to be thus many eleuenth hundreth thousand besides them whose noumber was not knowen Onlye they were counted which were slaine buried besides thē also that after the death of Iehochanan Schimeon died with Eleasar the sonne of Anam the priest whiche were not reckened Thei that were led prisoners by Titus to Rome were .xvi. M. men Titus therfore with Ioseph wente to Rome leauing Bonian Iosephs brother at Ierusalem who was appointed the chiefe priest of them that abode there for that did Ioseph request of Titus whiche he perfourmed The sedicious were all slaine in that battaile whiche they toke in hand for the peoples sake and the temple of the Lord ▪ They also that Titus toke prisoners were put to vile deathes For he reserued many to be mocking stocks in euery 〈…〉 wh●re he passed by in his way is Rome and in euery towne he commaunded some to be brought forthe and caste vnto the Lions til they were al confumed THere was a certain people 〈◊〉 that time dwelling amongst the moutaines of Arat that were called Alamites whose power Alexander king of Macedonia fearinge closed them in on euery side This people although they had no knowledge of the vse of yron nor armour yet this was their maner that one of thē with a great poal burnt a little at the ende would put to flight a hundred good souldiours were they neuer so well appointed and armed Vntill this yeare they were alwayes shut in but now being oppressed with a great dearth and famine throughout al their land they sent Embassadours to the People of Hurkan their neighbours requiring them that thei would open the straightes of the mountayns that they might come forth with their wiues and children to seke theim fode The Hurkans graūted their requests opened them the entrances of the moūtains So they came forth wanderyng here and there and spoilynge diuerse countreis til at lengthe they toke
mouing him to toyn with the Iewes and to aid them The people also came wholly the space of .lx. miles out of the city of Ierusalem to mete him and fell down flat before him crying God saue our king Agrippa But the king studied al he might to procure quietnes and peace to the city people So he entred in to Ierusalem accōpanied with a couple of noble mē of Rome worthy captains whō he brought with him in his train And whē he came into the midst of the city the people cried mainlye out vpon him saying Deliuer vs o king and let thy hand help be on oure side to succoure vs for we wil neuer more be vnder the Romains subiection The king hearinge this pitied the people verye muche not withstandinge he was not content that they were mineded to rebell againste the Romaine Empire Wherfore he called together the people at thentrance of the courte of the temple where were presente the elders of Israel and all the chiefe men with the hie priest Anany declared vnto thē the power of the Romaines the strengthe of their kingdome and what nations rounde aboute them they had subdued in suche sorte as no remayne of them was left Wherfore he besought ●them not to prouoke the Romaines nor to destroye the people remaining of Israel He added moreouer Harkē my brethren saith he I knowe well inoughe that there reasteth in your heartes a greate griefe and I my selfe am ful of sorowe and anguishe that we are not of power able to withstande the Romaines All be it if ye wil be ruled by my counsell ye shall finde a redresse for this matter For vvhere as counsell is and good deliberation there is safetye and things come to prosperous successe Ye shall susteine for a while the yocke of the Romaine captaines til I maye certify Nero of the matter by mi letters and intrete him to ridde vs of these rulers I beseche you be not to hastye of libertye Manye sekinge libertye haue fallen into further captiuitie and greater bondage There be amongste oure people manye euell disposed persones whose delite is in warres for it is their whole study amongst whō many good mē do also pearish Wherfore hear my wordes as for them that be wise maye perceiue the matter them selues they that lacke experience let them learne wisdom at my sayinges Kepe therfore silence whiche shal be as well to mine as to your owne commodity for I shal not nede to streine my selfe but speake the softlier with lesse pain and ye on the other side may the better heare and vnderstand what I say If ye holde not your peace ye shall haue two discommodities ye shall interrupte my communication and let your selues from hearinge But nowe to the purpose ye shal be content and suffer til I write to Rome of these matters that Cesar mai remoue these euill rulers and sende vs thē that be more humain and gētle If ye may haue once such then shal ye not thinke your selues in bondage but in libertie and worthilye for then only is seruitude greuous whan as the ruler is an vniuste manne and wicked Now therfore stay your selues quarell not with them for althoughe they bee wicked yet wyll they be ashamed to do wrong openly as that that they do thei do it secretly But if ye shuld accuse thē to much thei would rub their foreheads and do it openly without all shame so shoulde you make of your iudges and rulers your open enemies But it vvere farre better to suffer an vniust gouernour then a iust enemie For the one robbeth men priuely the other is an open destroier prouoke them not therfore Consider the wylde beastes that be vnder mans power and be kepte in cheynes as Lions Beares and Leopardes if a man lette them alone they are quiet and harme no man But if a man go to their dennes and anger thē then they will flee vpon hym worry him and other to that be present The same ye maye perceaue in a seuer and an agew which if a man wil go about to cure at the beginning he shall make it more greuous but if he will remedy it by leasure the seruencie of it wil easly be quenched Nowe therfore refrayne your selues take hede ye set not Caesar in your toppes the hole Romain empire Caesar coueteth not your harme neither sent he vnto you these rulers to hurt you His eies can not see frō easte to west nor his hand reatch frō Rome hether for it is flesh and bloud But if ye will abide til I may sende embassadours to Caesar I doubt not but I shal remoue these rulers and rid you of thē peaceably without any warre or bloud shed If ye be vtterly determined to resist the Romaine Empire you shal vnderstand you be in no wise able to dooe it for god is euery where on their side so that they be Lordes throughout all the worlde and all people serue them and shall till their ende also come But if ye will not dooe this for your owne sakes yet do it for your own countreis sake your children and wifes the sanctuary priestes whome ye are boūden to loue and spare least ye caste awaye and vndoe all them at once I beseche you take my wordes in good parte for I haue spoken nothyng but that that is for your wealth and that may further oure peace with the Romaines whiche I moste wishe If you will be ruled and chuse peace I will take your parte and dooe the beste I can for you but if ye wyll nedes haue warres ye shall haue it alone for me I will not medle with you With this Agrippas fell on weping and so did also all the elders with him and the men of moste wysdome the chiefe in all Israell yea Ananie the hie priest also coulde nor refreine from teares Notwithstāding Eleasar his stoute sōne with his routes of warlike yonge men about him they wepte not at all nor would harken or geue any eare to holsom coūsell but all at once with their drawen swoordes violently rushed vpon the Romayne capitaines that came with Agrippas slue thē their men al the multitude that was with him in Hierusalem Iudea The elders in Iudea with the wisest godliest Israelites seynge what was done departed frō Hierusalem fearing Nero the crueltie of the Romaines Therfore they toke the toure of Sion remained there For they woulde not be taken of the Romaines to be of the same confederacie with the other The sedicious seing that tooke the temple of the Lorde So dissention and ciuyll warres fell betwene the sedicious and the aunciētes For when Eleasar heard the elders and heades of the people were fled to the mount Sion he and his company set vpon them preuailed against them and slew a great meany of them Agrippas perceiuing the power of the sedicious grewe apace he sent oute of his campe where he laye without the towne twoo valeaunt captaines one named
people and offered him selfe to die for his people that the plage mighte cease from Israell Where is kinge Saule and his sonne Iehonathan that fought for the people of God and died in the fielde Coule not Saule haue saued his life and his Sonnes bothe if he hadde bene so disposed But hee when he sawe Israell haue the ouerthrowe in the battaile hadde no desire to liue anye lenger but chose rather deathe then life and woulde not be seperated from his brethren nother in life nor death as wel hee as Ionathan his Sonne those dearlye beloued and moste amiable menne as the scripture termeth theim Why doest thou not remember our deare Prince the righteousnes of Dauid the anointed of the Lorde who seinge a moste greuous pestilence to rage vppon the people of Israel saied Let thy hande O Lorde I beseche thee be tourned vpon mee and my fathers house For I am hee that haue sinned I haue transgressed as for these thy sheepe what haue they done What haue they offended Where is the holye Lawe smothered and stifled in thy hearte Arte not thou an annoynted Prieste that haste declared and taughte vs the holye Lawe wherby we might learne how to loue our Lord God withal our hart with al our soul and withall oure strength If it be so that the seruice of God consisteth not in this that we should loue whome he loueth and die for his cou●uaunt and sāctuary together with his seruaunts that be slain for the vnity of the name of the Lord Wherin stādeth it then Hast not thou oft times taught and proued vnto vs howe that euerye man that dieth in warres for the lord his sanctuary his people and his law he is to be counted in the Lordes lot made worthye to goe vnto the greate light and shal not see euerlasting darknesse Arte not thou that Ioseph the priest that hast cried so oftē in battail I am Ioseph the prieste consecrated to battaile that haue vowed my life for the people of the Lord his sanctuarye and his lande But nowe when thou baste yealded thy selfe vnto them and they order the dispitfullye what wilte thou say vnto them or what amendes canst thou haue at their handes I put the case they cast in thy teeth say thy wordes be but lies How shalt thou auoid that reproche Arte not thou he that saidst men shoulde fighte for the people of God vntil they die in the conflicte and in so doinge their deathe shoulde be a raunsome for their sinnes and that they were sure to go to that great light that is the light of life Which if it be true according as thou hast said whye then wilt thou shun deash and not folowe thy people that are gone before thee to that same lighte Euer hitherto thou hast had the vpper hand wher so euer thou camste in so muche that they that hearde of thee trembled for feare and nowe wilte thou yelde thy life into captiuity to the Romaines as a vile slaue Shall not this thy dishonoure redound also vnto the people of God Thou that arte a prince a kinge and priest wilt thou be bound in cheines Euerye man shall saye this is he that hathe geuen his souldioures and the reaste of his people to die but hath ●●ued him selfe and his owne life So when they hadde made an ende of talke eche manne drew out his sword and came vnto him in the middest of the Caue sainge Hearest thou thou Iosephe oure Prince if thou wilte be ruled by vs firste we shall slea thee as a Lorde and a greate Prince and thou shalte chuse what deathe thou wilt die on that thou maiest die honourablye But if thou refuse to dye honestlye assure thy selfe of this that we will euerye manne set vpon thee and slea thee Ioseph aunswered In deede I knowe my Brethren that your woordes are iuste and true For who is so madde to desire to liue in this hurlye burlye and woulde GOD that hee woulde call my Soule vnto him and receyue it vnto hym also For I am not ignoraunt that it were more expediente for mee to die then to liue for the great troubles that haue passed through my braynes But hee knoweth the secretes of mannes hearte and he it is that geueth life vnto menne It is God that closeth soules within the bodies and letteth theim oute againe bicause he is the liuinge GOD in whose handes remaine the Soules and Spirites of all liuinge creatures He hath left with vs a Spirite of life and closed it vp within oure bodies What is hee then that will open that that he hath shut How shall we loose that that he woulde haue bounde and knitte fast within vs Dooe ye not al knowe that the life is a thinge that he hath left with vs to kepe and that wee are his seruauntes If then we cast awaye life before that GOD take it shall he not worthelye bee displeased with vs and make that we shall not find life in the place of the liuing with Abraham our father of famous memorye and wyth other iuste and godlye menne our forefathers Dooe you not knowe that they wente not vnto God before they were called and when they were called they came and soo dealt GOD with all holye and Godly men To Moyses our master of worthie memorye the electe of GOD ye knowe that the Lorde God of Israell said get the vp vppon this mountaine Abarim and so he did But he woulde not haue done it of him selfe had not God called him Wherby ye may see it is not lawful for a mā to surrendre his life vnto God excepte he require it againe Take example I praye you of Iob. What time he curst the daye that he was borne in mighte not he ether haue hanged him self or haue run vppon a knife or at the least haue folowed his wifes counsel to cursse God and die Not withstanding he abode paciently in most extreme paine waitinge til God demaunded again his life and then restored it vnto his Lord god and would not restore it vndemaunded but taried till hys appoynted ende came King Dauid also of famous memory saide Leade thou my life oute of his pinfolde and prison For he knew that the life was inclosed in the bodye and that none mighte let it forth but God I wot wel that death is a greate commodity so be that the soule may return in his due time vnto God that gaue it vs. I knowe also that he that dieth in the warres of the lord he shal come to the greate lighte But I knowe not what can appease gods wrath toward the soul of that man that killeth him self maketh hast to restore his soul before his time and withoute the Lordes calling Wherfore my frendes brethren I would ye shoulde knowe it I am no more cowarde then you and I do not disagree with you because I am of a fainte heart for feare of these presente calamities but that I know I shoulde commit a
was in the ●●tie forbade the Citizins to say ●●●●ye thing to him afterward supposing h●● to be besides him self mad Therfore he neuer left criyng for the space of iiii ye●●●il the wa●rrs began sa●yng Wo to H●erusalē to the sanctuary therof When the warres were once beg●●e and the towne besieged it fortuned as he wandered about vpon the wals ●●iyng after his maner and at last adding this Woe vnto my felfe a stone came out of an engine from the campe and smitte out his braines At that time ▪ also there was a wrttynge founde 〈…〉 in a stene of olde whiche the Ie●●● redde the wordes were these VVh●● ty●ne the building of the temple shal be brought to soure square then it shall be destroyed Now when the Antoch●● was taken and raced by the Romains and the walles of the temple were also broken the Iewes makinge spede to repaire the rui●es and 〈…〉 without any remē●raunce of this scripture thei made the tēpl●● 〈◊〉 squar● Besides this there was a scripture fo●●●●e in the wall of the Sanct●m san●●●um on this wise VVhen the vvhole building of the temple shal be foure 〈◊〉 the ●f hall a king raine ouer Israel ▪ and that king and ruler shal raigne ouer all the lande of Israell Some interp●●ted this vpon the king of Israell But the Priestes saide it is the kinge or ruler of the Romains The whole armye of the Romains being now commed into the temple and the Iewes also fled to the mount Syon the Romaines set vp their ydols in the temple of the Lorde and offered Sacrifice vnto theim blasp●eminge and raylinge at the Iewes and their god At that tyme there came downe to the Romaynes a little boye of the priestes from the mount Syon whiche wonte to a ●aptaine of the Romayns that was keper of the temple and desieted him to geue him some water to drinke He toke pitye of the boy and bade geue him water The boy takyng the vessel that the water was in first dranke him self then ranne away with the rest The captaine ranne after him hym selfe but he won●●e not ouertake hym of a purpose because he was delited with the Boyes doinge wherfore he let him go for the nonces so he gate vp to the priostres gaue thē drinke On a time when the Romains were a● theyr sac●●fyes in the presence of Titus theyr Lorde● certay●e of the priestes came and besought Titus that be waulde not ky●l them to whom T●tus made aunsw●r why do ye wysh to lyue nowe and n●●●ather to dye with your brether● that haue 〈◊〉 deathe for the Gods sake of thys house Then T●tus commaunded hys menne to 〈◊〉 them and so dyed they After Schimcon and Iehochanan sent embassado●●●● Titus to requyer peace to whom Titus made ●unswer in 〈◊〉 wyse Ye 〈◊〉 thys thyng to late and howe cometh it to passe that ye now intreate for 〈…〉 lyues when that of so great a number of people ye haue left none saue a ●●●y sewe When as also ye haue wasted al thynges most cruelly and despe●●●● yt● Howe after all these your mischi●ons actes ye reguire peace which ye would neuer receyue of me althoughe I des●red you neuer so of●e For it ●ityed me to see youre people some to hee vered ●yth honger and some to bee caste ●ute of the Citye wythoute anye buriall But ye hardened youre neckes and woulde neuer admit anye Peace tyll all the people were destroyed Therefore Titus reprehended theim with manye other wordes saiyng vnto theim Tell mee you Sedicious you wycked and synnefull persones haue not you slayne the people of the Lorde You set his house on fire you brought vpon this Citye all this mischiefe Howe can you therefore persuade your selues or presume to desire the sauegarde of ●our liues and why will ye liue alone of all the Sages righteous innocente Godlye and holye menne whom ye haue slayne without anye mercye Howe maye I committe this not to be ad●enged of you that haue done me so much mischiefe Ye desire lyfe and yet perseuer and continue in your malyce still holding your swetdes in your handes and beynge in Armes neuerthelesse ye entr●●●e ●●es to saue youre lyues Haue we not nowe taken the Citye and also the temple the Sanctum sanctorū haue wee not burnt it with fire What is there left for you to put anye hope in what loke ye for to remaine Wherfore cast away your swords and laie awaye your armoure then come vnto me and entreat me and then shal I knowe what I haue to do peraduenture I shall be gracious vnto you and pardon you your liues The captaynes of the sedicious Schimeon and Iehochanan made answere to Titus We haue sworne by the Lorde our God who is God of heauen earth ●●at we wil neuer bear thy yoke no 〈◊〉 thee nor make any peace with th●● to be subiect vnto thee Nowe therfore if it be thy pleasure to shewe vs mercye suffer vs to go out of the Citye and we will take our iourney into the wildernesse whiche if thou wilt graunt vs we wil reporte that we haue founde fauour at thy hande if not wee wyll remayne in this place to see what wee shall determyne and what maner of deathe we wyll dye When Titus heard this he was wonderfully wroth and said remaineth the pride of your hartes and the hardnesse of your neckes yet with you still although ye be taken yet ye dare be so bould to say we haue sworne that we wil not beare thy yoke Yea ye haue sworn vnto death for ye haue despised life when as your citye is wonne the house of the Sanctum sanctorum is burnt and no refuge is left you Wher with thē cā ye put away your ignomini shame and what is your hope if a man 〈…〉 Then gaue Titus cōmaunde 〈…〉 the Romaines that they should not omit any oportunity to set vpō the sedicious by one meanes or other to destroys Schimeon Iehochanan There was at time a certain man of the kinges bloud whose name was Serach he accompanied withal his brethren and sonnes that were there with him of the kinges bloude came downe from the Mount S●on to Titus who receiued them honorably getlely ordered them When Iehochanan Schimeon vnderstode that Serach and the rest were gone and had yelded thē to Titus they wente and set fire vpon all that was in the kinges palaice that the Romains should haue no commodity therby FRom thence they wente to the temple where they founde certaine noble men and captaines whome Titus had put in authoriti about the temple of whome three were chiefe one captaine of the horsmen the seconde of the charrets and the thirde of the foote men him they killed and toke his companiō aliue This besought them that had taken him that he might be brought to Schimeon their captaine let hym saith he do with me as he lift and in this one thinge let me finde fauour at your