once breake out of their arraie of battell Yet sundrie of the Frenchmen stronglie withstood the fiercenesse of the English when they came to handie strokes so that the fight sometime was doubtfull and perillous Yet as part of the French horssemen set their course to haue entred vpon the kings battell with the stakes ouerthrowne they were either taken or slaine Thus this battell continued thrée long houres The king that daie shewed himselfe a valiant knight albeit almost felled by the duke of Alanson yet with plaine strength he slue two of the dukes companie and felled the duke himselfe whome when he would haue yelded the kings gard contrarie to his mind slue out of hand In conclusion the king minding to make an end of that daies iornie caused his horssemen to fetch a compasse about and to ioine with him against the rereward of the Frenchmen in the which was the greatest number of people When the Frenchmen perceiued his intent they were suddenlie amazed and ran awaie like sheepe without order or arraie Which when the king perceiued he incouraged his men and followed so quickelie vpon the enimies that they ran hither and thither casting awaie their armour manie on their knees desired to haue their liues saued In the meane season while the battell thus continued and that the Englishmen had taken a great number of prisoners certeine Frenchmen on horssebacke whereof were capteins Robinet of Borneuill Rifflart of Clamas Isambert of Agincourt and other men of armes to the number of six hundred horssemen which were the first that fled hearing that the English tents pauilions were a good waie distant from the armie without anie sufficient gard to defend the same either vpon a couetous meaning to gaine by the spoile or vpon a desire to bâ— reuenged entred vpon the kings campe and there spoiled the hails robbed the tents brake vp chests and caried awaie â—askets and slue such seruants as they found to make anie resistance For which treason and haskardie in thus leauing their campe at the verie point of fight for winning of spoile where none to defend it verie manie were after committed to prison and had lost their liues if the Dolphin had longer liued But when the outcrie of the lackies and boies which ran awaie for feare of the Frenchmen thus spoiling the campe came to the kings eares he doubting least his enimies should gather togither againe and begin a new field and mistrusting further that the prisoners would be an aid to his enimies or the verie enimies to their takers in déed if they were suffered to liue contrarie to his accustomed gentlenes commanded by sound of trumpet that euerie man vpon paine of death should incontinentlie slaie his prisoner When this dolorous decree and pitifull proclamation was pronounced pitie it was to sée how some Frenchmen were suddenlie sticked with daggers some were brained with pollaxes some slaine with malls other had their throats cut and some their bellies panched so that in effect hauing respect to the great number few prisoners were saued When this lamentable slaughter was ended the Englishmen disposed themselues in order of battell readie to abide a new field and also to inuade and newlie set on their enimies with great force they assailed the earles of Marle and Fauconbridge and the lords of Louraie and of Thine with six hundred men of armes who had all that daie kept togither but now slaine and beaten downe out of hand ¶ Some write that the king perceiuing his enimies in one part to assemble togither as though they meant to giue a new battell for preseruation of the prisoners sent to them an herald commanding them either to line 10 depart out of his sight or else to come forward at once and giue battell promising herewith that if they did offer to fight againe not onelie those prisoners which his people alreadie had taken but also so manie of them as in this new conflict which they thus attempted should fall into his hands should die the death without redemption The Frenchmen fearing the sentence of so terrible a decrée without further delaie parted out of the field And so about foure of the clocke in the after noone the line 20 king when he saw no apperance of enimies caused the retreit to be blowen and gathering his armie togither gaue thanks to almightie God for so happie a victorie causing his prelats and chapleins to sing this psalme In exitu Israel de Aegypto and commanded euerie man to knéele downe on the ground at this verse Non nobis Domine non nobis sed nomini tuo da gloriam Which doone he caused Te Deum with certeine anthems to be soong giuing land and praise line 30 to God without boasting of his owne force or anie humane power That night he and his people tooke rest and refreshed themselues with such victuals as they found in the French campe but lodged in the same village where he laie the night before In the morning Montioie king at armes and foure other French heralds came to the K. to know the number of prisoners and to desire buriall for the dead Before he made them answer to vnderstand what they would saie he demanded of them whie they line 40 made to him that request considering that he knew not whether the victorie was his or theirs When Montioie by true and iust confession had cléered that doubt to the high praise of the king he desired of Montioie to vnderstand the name of the castell néere adioining when they had told him that it was called Agincourt he said Then shall this conflict be called the battell of Agincourt He feasted the French officers of armes that daie and granted them their request which busilie sought through the field for such line 50 as were slaine But the Englishmen suffered them not to go alone for they searched with them found manie hurt but not in ieopardie of their liues whom they tooke prisoners and brought them to their tents When the king of England had well refreshed himselfe and his souldiers that had taken the spoile of such as were slaine he with his prisoners in good order returned to his towne of Calis When tidings of this great victorie was blowne into England solemne processions and other praisings line 60 to almightie God with boune-fires and ioifull triumphes were ordeined in euerie towne citie and burrow and the maior citizens of London went the morow after the daie of saint Simon and Iude from the church of saint Paule to the church of saint Peter at Westminster in deuout maner rendring to God hartie thanks for such fortunate lucke sent to the king and his armie The same sundaie that the king remooued from the campe at Agincourt towards Calis diuerse Frenchmen came to the field to view againe the dead bodies and the pezants of the countrie spoiled the carcasses of all such apparell and other things as the
these things were adooing in the south-parts king Henrie being in the north countrie assembled a great armie trusting for all this to subdue his enimies namelie sith their chiefe ringleader the duke of Yorke was dispatched out of the waie line 20 But he was deceiued for out of the ded stocke sprang a branch more mightie than the stem this Edward the fourth a prince so highlie fauoured of the people for his great liberalitie clemencie vpright dealing and courage that aboue all other he with them stood in grace alone by reason whereof men of all ages and degrees to him dailie repaired some offering themselues and their men to ieopard their liues with him and other plentiouslie gaue monie to support his charges and to mainteine his right line 30 By which meanes he gathered togither a puissant armie to the intent by battell sithens none other waies would serue at once to make an end of all So his armie and all things prepared he departed out of London the twelfe daie of March and by easie iournies came to the castell of Pomfret where he rested appointing the lord Fitz Walter to kéepe the passage at Ferribridge with a good number of tall mâ—n King Henrie on the other part hauing his armie in readinesse committed the gouernance thereof line 40 to the duke of Summerset the earle of Northumberland and the lord Clifford as men desiring to reuenge the death of their parents slaine at the first battell at saint Albons These capteins leauing king Henrie his wife and sonne for the most safegard within the citie of Yorke passed the riuer of Wharfe with all their power intending to stop king Edward of his passage ouer the riuer of Aire And the better to bring that to passe the lord Clifford determined to make a charge vpon them that line 50 kept the passage of Ferribridge and so he departed with his light horssemen from the great armie on the saturdaie before Palmesundaie and earelie yer his enimies were aware slue the kéepers and wan the bridge The lord Fitz Walter hearing the noise suddenlie rose out of his bed and vnarmed with a pollar in his hand thinking that it had béene but a fraie amongst his men came downe to appease the same but yer he knew what the matter meant was slaine and with him the bastard of Salisburie brother to the earle of Warwike a valiant yoong gentleman and line 60 of great audacitie When the earle of Warwike was informed hereof like a man desperat he mounted on his hacknie and hasted puffing and blowing to king Edward saieng Sir I praie God haue mercie of their soules which in the beginning of your enterprise haue lost their liues And bicause I sée no succors of the world but in God I remit the vengeance to him our creator and redéemer With that he alighted downe and slue his horse with his sword saieng Let him flée that will for suerlie I will tarrie with him that will tarrie with me and kissed the crosse of his sword as it were for a vow to the promise King Edward perceiuing the courage of his trustie friend the earle of Warwike made proclamation that all men which were afraid to fight should depart and to all those that tarried the battell he promised great rewards with addition that anie souldier which voluntarilie would abide and afterwards either in or before the fight should seeme to flee or turne his backe then he that could kill him should haue a great reward and double wages After this proclamation ended the lord Fauconbridge sir Walter Blunt Robert Horne with the fore-ward passed the riuer at Castelford three miles from Ferribridge intending to haue inuironed the lord Clifford and his companie But they being therof aduertised departed in great hast toward king Henries armie yet they met with some that they looked not for were so trapt yer they were aware For the lord Clifford either for heat or paine putting off his gorget suddenlie with an arrow as some saie without an head was striken into the throte and immediatlie rendred his spirit and the earle of Westmerlands brother and all his companie almost were there slaine at a place called Dintingdale not far from Towton This end had the lord Clifford which slue the earle of Rutland kneeling on his knees whose yoong sonne Thomas Clifford was brought vp with a sheepheard in poore habit euer in feare to be knowne till king Henrie the seuenth obteined the crowne by whom he was restored to his name and possessions When this conflict was ended at Ferribridge the lord Fauconbridge hauing the fore-ward bicause the duke of Norffolke was fallen sicke valiantlie vpon Palmesundaie in the twilight set foorth his armie and came to Saxton where he might apparantlie behold the host of his aduersaries which were accompted thréescore thousand men and thereof aduertised king Edward whose whole armie amounted to eight and fortie thousand six hundred and thréescore persons which incontinentlie with the earle of Warwike set forward leauing the rere-ward vnder the gouernance of sir Iohn Wenlocke sir Iohn Dinham and other And first of all he made proclamation that no prisoner should be taken So the same daie about nine of the clocke which was the nine and twentith daie of March being Palmesundaie both the hostes approched in a faire plaine field betweene Towton and Saxton When ech part perceiued other they made a great shout and at the same instant there fell a small sléete or snow which by violenee of the wind that blew against them was driuen into the faces of king Henries armies so that their sight was somewhat dimmed The lord Fauconbridge leading K. Edwards fore-ward caused euerie archer vnder his standard to shoot one flight which before he caused them to prouide and then made them to stand still The northerne men feeling the shot but by reason of the sléet not well viewing the distance betweene them and their enimies like forward men shot their theafe arrowes as fast as they might but all to losse for they came short of the southerne men by thréescore yards So their shot almost spent the lord Fauconbridge marched forward with his archers which not onelie shot their whole sheafes but also gathered the arrowes of their enimies and let a great part flie against their first owners and suffered a great sort of them to stand which sore troubled the legs of the northerne men when the battell ioined The earle of Northumberland and Andrew Trollop chiefe capteins of king Henries vawward séeing their shot not to preuaile hasted to ioine with their enimies and the other part slacked not their pase This battell was sore foughten for hope of life was set aside on either part taking of prisoners proclamed a great offense so euerie man determined to vanquish or die in the field This deadlie conflict continued ten houres in doubtfull state of victorie vncerteinlie heauing and setting on both
they were in a great chafe and much bewailed their euill lucke that they had not come sooner to haue béene partakers of that seruice My lord being now of a verie good comfort courage aswell for the good successe which he had ouer the enimie that his long looked supplie was come sendeth his other letters to the maior comforting him as also as before promising him to be with him verie shortlie willing him that he should now take but a little patience for a little time And accordinglie about six daies after on saturdaie the third of August in good order he set foorth out of Honiton and marched towards Excester his companie being aboue a thousand of good fightingmen and leauing the direct high waie draweth ouer the downs towards Woodburie and there lodged and pitched his campe that night at a windmill apperteining to one Gregorie Carie gentleman Which when the rebels of saint Marie Clift heard of forthwith with all their force and power came forth and marched onwards vntill they came to the foresaid mill where they offer the fight and notwithstanding they were of verie stout stomachs also verie valiantlie did stand to their tâ—ckels yet in the end they were ouerthrowne and the most part of them slaine Where after the victorie thus gotten one Miles Couerdale then the preacher and attending vpon my lord in this iournie made a sermon and caused a generall thanksgiuing to be made vnto God but before all was ended there began a new alarum and forthwith euerie man to horsse to harnesse againe The rebels which remained in the towne of saint Marie Clist hearing of the euill successe befallen to their neighbours and they doubting that their turne would be next to receiue the like doo spread abroad the newes and request to be aided and assisted Wherevpon forthwith in great troopes resorted vnto them a number of their companions out of euerie quarter to the number as it was said of six thousand men and in all hast they make themselues line 10 and all things in a readinesse to abide the brunt Upon the next morning being sundaie my lord minding to follow on his course commandeth the trumpet to sound euerie man to make readie to march forwards And about nine of the clocke in the same morning they come to Clist where the armie is diuided into three parts and in thrée seuerall places doo appoint to make entrie into the towne For in so manie places they had fortified the towne and made great rampires for their defense line 20 These rampires were after some bickering recouered and sir William Francis of Summersetshire was named to be the first that gaue the aduenture made the entrie The commons being driuen from the said rampires ran all into the towne and there ioine themselues togither to abide the pulse And as the kings armie was in good order marching into the towne one of the chiefe capteins of these rebels named sir Thomas Pomeroie knight kept himselfe in a furze close and perceiuing line 30 the armie to be past him and hauing then with him a trumpeter and a drumâ—lade commanded the trumpet to be sounded and the drumme to be stricken vp At which sound the lord priuie seale and his companie were amazed supposing verelie that there had beene an ambush behind them to haue intrapped and inclosed them Wherevpon they forthwith retire backe in all the hast they may which when they in the towne perceiued they follow after and neuer staied vntill they came to the wagons line 40 then being in the high waie which now by flieng and retiring of the armie are the formost and next to the towne And these being laden with munition armour and treasure they take and bring into the towne where they rifle as much as they could sauing the péeces of the ordinance which with the shot and pouder they bestowed in places conuenient and emploied the same against my lord and his companie line 50 The armie hauing recouered the hill did there pause a while and finding themselues to be deceiued march backe againe towards the towne but before they came thither it was aduertised vnto my lord that the towne and euerie house therein was fortified and full of men and that it was not possible for anie to passe that waie without great perill and danger except the towne were set on fire Wherevpon order was giuen that as they passed and entered into the towne notwithstanding it was my line 60 lords owne they should set the houses on fire Sir William Francis being in the fore-ward was formost and leauing the â—aie which he tooke before tooke now an other waie 〈◊〉 â—hich waie was both deepe and narrow The 〈◊〉 being vpon the banks vpon euerie side of the waie with their stones so beat him that they stroke his headpéece fast to his head and whereof he died The armie being come into the towne they set fire on euerie house as they passed by But the rebelles conioining themselues in the middle of the towne doo stand at their defense where the fight was very fierce and cruell and bloudie was that daie for some were slaine with the sword some burned in the houses some shifting for themselues were taken prisoners and manie thinking to escape ouer the water were drowned so that there were dead that daie one with an other about a thousand men The towne thus being recouered and the ouerthrow giuen the lord Greie desireth to passe ouer the riuer and to be in the open field which is a great heath named Clist heath this he could not doo but that he must passe ouer either the water or the bridge both which were somewhat dangerous for the water was somewhat mirie and muddie as also at that time verie deepe by reason of the flowing of the seas which causeth the same at euerie tide to swell Howbeit one Iohn Yard a gentleman and who had dwelled thereabouts knowing the said water gaue the first aduenture ouer and found waie neere vnto a mill aboue the bridge and after him others doo followe But this was not for all the rest of the armie who must needs passe ouer the bridge which as then they could not doo by reason that the same was so ouerlaid with great trées and timber as also there stood the gunner with his péece readie charged Wherevpon proclamation was made that whosoeuer would aduenture and make waie ouer the bridge should haue foure hundred crownes for his labor Then one foorthwith more respecting the gaine than forecasting the perill gaue the aduenture but the gunner rewarded him for he discharged his péece vpon him and slue him And then before he could againe charge his péece one of the companie who before was passed ouer the water came and entred the bridge at the further end and comming behind him slue him who foorthwith calleth companie vnto him and casteth aside all the
master Edward Hobbie master Francis Darcie master Michaell Stanhoope master William Knols master Francis Knolles master George Digbie master Thomas Uauasor master Anthonie Mildemaie master Henrie Nowell master Nicholas Gorges master Michaell Harecourt master Fulke Greuill so as the whole traine that attended vpon the said earle was to the number of an hundred gentlemen and more than three hundred seruingmen line 10 The lord of Hunsdon had of gentlemen and others togither to the number of a hundred and fiftie and the lord Howard had as manie besides manie more whereof diuerse were hir maiesties seruants The quéene determined to accompanie the monsieur to the sea side yet neuerthelesse commanded the said lords to kéepe their course and to attend vpon his highnesse to the said place with all maner of solemnities interteinments and feastings He on the other side desired and besought hir maiestie not to depart line 20 from London as well for that the iournie would be painefull vnto hir and for that he saw the weather faire and wind fauorable and therefore was loth to loose anie occasion of performing his voiage with all spéed But he could not preuaile Wherevpon hir maiestie tooke hir iournie with hir whole court the first daie of Februarie lodged that night at Rochester The next daie abiding still at Rochester hir maiestie shewed him all hir great ships which were in that place into most whereof his line 30 highnesse and the prince and lords of his traine entered not without great admiration of the French lords gentlemen who confessed that of good right the quéene of England was reported to be ladie of the seas Also he beheld how all those ships were readie furnished and well appointed And hir maiestie told him that all those vessels the furniture of them should doo him seruice when soeuer he would imploie them for the which he most humblie thanked hir maiestie and so after all the great ordinance had béene line 40 shot off they returned for that daie againe to Rochester The third day they went to Sittingborne where dining both togither the queene was serued after the English manner by the greatest ladies of hir court and the monsieur after the French manner by the gentlemen of his traine which ladies and gentlemen dined afterwards togither Then his highnesse besought hir maiestie againe to go no further declaring vnto hir that the faire weather passed awaie line 50 But notwithstanding his intreatance the quéene went on still to Canturburie At which place after one daies tarriance when she had openlie feasted all the French nobilitie either part tooke their leaue of other not without great griefe and shew of verie great amitie especiallie betwéene hir maiestie and the monsieur Which thing was perceiued also in the lords and gentlemen of both nations likewise in the ladies to all whome it was like griefe to depart after they had béene conuersant and had liued line 60 friendlie and brotherlie togither by the space of three moneths without anie change or alteration of good willes But the honor which inforced his highnesse asswaged his griefe and made him to proceed on his iournie with the said prince and lords of both nations The sixt daie of the same moneth whereas he was determined to haue taken ship he was counselled to lodge that night of Sandwich bicause the wind was somewhat changed Howbeit some of the English gentlemen namelie master Killegreie master Diar and diuerse others to eschew thronging at their imbarking went to Douer and there taking ship the same night laie a while at anchor and somwhat after midnight sailed awaie with certeine other vessels The seuenth daie in the morning about nine of the clocke his highnesse tooke the sea in three great ships of war In the greatest of them named the Discouerer sailed the monsieur himselfe with the erle of Leicester and the lord Howard the viceadmerall in the second called the Sentinell went the prince Dolphin and in the third was the countie of Louall and the lord of Hunsdon Now as his highnesse was yet at anchor there came a post from a lord of England who brought him word that the states of the low countries were reuolted and namelie the citie of Antwerpe and therefore he praied him not to depart vntill he had more certeine newes Notwithstanding this his highnesse determined to depart and so sailed awaie with fifteene ships and he had so faire weather which continued euen vntill after his eniering into Antwerpe and his feasting and solemne interteinement there that the heauen the winds the sea and the earth séemed all to fauour his voiage and to further the gladnesse which the people shewed in receiuing him with so great good will In the meane time the prince of Orange séeing the time fit departed from Middleborough where he had taried the monsieurs comming six weekes and more and came to Flushing to take order for all things that were requisit for the honorable and commodious interteinement of so great a prince At the which place vnderstanding by the letters of the said lords ambassadours and others that the monsieur was departed from London and come to Canturburie and therefore thinking it would not be long yer he arriued there he dispatched monsieur Treslon his viceadmerall of Zeland with a litle pinnesse called the Chase to go before to meet the monsieur commanding him that as soone as he had discouered his fléet he should giue him a watchword thereof by the shot of two cannons Monsieur Treslon hauing about noonetide discouered the ships that were parted from Douer and thinking that they had béene the great fléet gaue his watchword which was the cause that a certeine vessell went foorth to the sea to méet his highnesse but anon after perceiuing his errour he returned to Flushing where by and by the fléet of Douer arriued Then monsieur Treslon going foorth found the monsieur and the great fleet betwéene Newport and Dunkirke where after salutation giuen and taken on either side the monsieur standing vpon the hatches of his ship espied his owne secretarie named Nephue standing likewise vpon the hatches of the Chase to whome he sent his shipbote commanding him to come aboord to him which thing he did and there aduertised the monsieur that as concerning the reuolting of the states there was no such matter but that all things went verie well that his highnesse was waited for with great longing That daie by reason the wind was turned northeast they could go no further but were faine to cast anchor ouer against a place called Ostend where they passed that night waiting for the tide the next morning His ships were perceiued by them of Flushing where after midnight arriued the lord of S. Aldegond who assured the prince of Orange that the next morning the monsieur would arriue there with the tide Wherevpon the prince of Orange and the prince of Espinoie with a great number of
Stephan de Longchamp Seguin de Barret Roger de Glanuille Raimond Fitz Prince Bartholomew de Mortimer Gerard Furniuall Rafe de Malleon Roger de Saâ—ie William de Poole Hugh de Neuill Henrie Teutch or if ye will Teutonicus the kings standardbearer with diuerse others as well Englishmen Frenchmen Normans Poictouins Aniouines Britans Gascoignes as other nations of whome partlie mention is alreadie made before in this booke and partlie for breefenesse diuerse are omitted But now to returne sure it is that king Richard meant to haue recouered the citie of Ierusalem and all the holie land out of the Saracens hands by the assistance of almightie God if the doubt which he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises the French kings dooings which were brought to him with a greeuous report had not reuoked him home For diuerse messengers were sent dailie into the holie land to aduertise him of such dangers as were like to insue if by his speedie returne the same were not preuented And first after Easter there came to him the prior of Hereford with letters from the bishop of Elie conteining a sore information against his brother earle Iohn for hauing expelled those whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of England and altered the state of things there contrarie to the ordinances by him deuised afore his setting forward vpon his iournie as before ye haue partlie heard Upon receipt of which letters he meant inmediatlie at the first to haue returned and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men to wit thrée hundred knights or men of armes and two thousand chosen footmen to abide vpon the defense of the holie land with other christians at his costs and charges But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie speciallie till things were set in some better state which then were out of order by the death of the marques of Montferrato lord of Tire whom two traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had murthered After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king Richard married his wife and was made king of Ierusalem Guido resigning to him his title vnto whome as it were in recompense king Richard gaue the I le of Cypres although some write that the knights Templers had bought it of him before Thus king Richard remaining still in the holie land shortlie after Whitsuntide there came an other messenger to him one Iohn de Alanzon a clearke bringing worsse newes out of England than the prior of Hereford had brought before which in effect conteined that his brother earle Iohn was alied as a confederat with the French king and meant through his setting on to seize into his possession the whole realme of England notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother quéene Eliâ—nor and other his fréends to the contrarie Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home but yet through the admonition of certeine persons and namelie of one William dâ— Poicters a chapleine of his he estsoones altered his purpose and so remained there till at length through enuie and malice still increasing amongst the câ—ristians he perceiued how no good purpose could go forward since that which séemed good to some was misliked of other and speciallie our writers put great blame in the French men who either vpon disdaine or other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow their aduise which were knowne bâ—st to vnderstand the state of things in those parties And herevpon when the armie was aduanced to Betenoble a place not past foure leagues distant from Ierusalem bicause their mind might not be fulfilled for the besieging of Ierusalem which they had intended to take in hand whereas the residue would rather that they shuld haue gone to besiege Babylon in Aegypt and that vpon sundrie great respects the Frenchmen raised their field and returned againe to Acres in great despite putting the rest of the armie also so much as in them laie in danger of vtter ruine and distresse line 10 Then king Richard and the other christian capteins perceiuing how the matter inclined and giuing ouer all hope of any more good successe followed them So that after they were thus returned to Acres king Richard still doubting least his long absence from home might put him in danger of more losse here than he saw hope of present gaine to be had there in such diuersitie of humours and priuie malice which reigned among them he determined fullie to depart homewards with no lesse purpose to line 20 returne thither againe after he had setled things at home in such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie of his owne estate and quietnesse of his people Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships at Acres or as some haue being on his iournie homewards in Cypres he was aduertised that the Souldane Saladine had taken the towne of Iaph slaine a great number of the christians within it and besieged the residue within the castell the which constreined through feare had compounded to yéeld if within line 30 thrée daies there came no succour King Richard being hereof aduertised and turning gréef into valiancie with all spéed sailed backe vnto Iaph and landing there with his people caused his enimies to forsake the towne but anon assembling themselues againe togither they turned once more to besiege it wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields and fought with them sundrie daies togither till finallie they were content to forsake their enterprise and to depart thence for altogither In these line 40 conflicts the valiant courage of king Richard and the worthie manhood of his souldiers right well appeared for he brought not with him at that time vnto Iaph aboue 80 men of armes and foure hundred other souldiers with crossebowes and yet with that small handfull of men and some aid of them that he found there in the castell he did not onelie bid battell to the enimies which were numbred to 62 thousand but also put them to the woorsse and caused them to flee backe to their great shame and confusion line 50 Thus Iaph being deliuered out of the enimies hands king Richard fell sicke at a castell called Cephas and so remained there certeine daies till he had recouered his health In which meane time the Soldane Saladine seeming to lament his â—ase sent vnto him certeine of his councellors to common with him of peace declaring that although he well vnderstood that king Richard ment shortlie to returne into his countrie and that after his departure out of the east parts he could with small adoo recouer line 60 all that the christians yet held within the holie land he would neuerthelesse in respect of king Richards high prowes and noble valiancie grant a peace for a certeine time so that not onelie Ascalon but also all other such townes and places as the christians had fortified or woone since the conquest of Acres should be raced as touching
de Bohun earle of Hereford William lord Bardolfe Robert lord of Tatshale Roger lord Somerie Henrie lord Percie Iohn de Balioll Robert de Bruis and Iohn Comin with other barons of Scotland hauing lost all their footmen whom they had brought with them to the kings aid Moreouer it should appeare by some writers that the king being thus in captiuitie was constreined to make a new grant that the statutes of Oxford shuld stand in force and if any were thought vnreasonable the same should be reformed by foure Noble men of the realme of France two of the spiritualtie and two of the temporaltie And if those foure could not agrée then the earle of Anton and the duke of Burgoigne shuld be iudges in the matter ¶ But if either those or the other were appointed to be arbitrators like it is that the former report touching the successe of the battell is true for if both the king and his sonne had béene taken prisoners in the field the barons would suerlie haue constreined him to haue consented to the obseruance of the statutes without putting the same in compromise to be altered at the discretion of any arbitrators and namelie strangers But howsoeuer it was on the tuesday before the Ascension day peace was proclaimed in London betweene the king and the barons and wheras the king either by constreint for safegard of himselfe or his fréends either vpon assurance of the barons promise committed himselfe vnto the companie of the same barons at their comming with him to London they went from this last agréement and foorthwith deuised other ordinances as thus They ordeined that two earles and a bishop which being elected out by the communaltie should choose to them nine other persons and of these three of them should still remaine about the king and by their order and the other nine all things should be gouerned both in the court and in the realme They constreined the king and his sonne prince Edward menacing to depose the one and to kéepe the other in perpetuall prison to consent and agrée to this last ordinance and so the earles of Leicester and Glocester and the bishop of Chichester were ordeined there the cheefe rulers and letters sent with all spéed vnto the cardinall Sabinensis the popes legat and to the king of France to signifie to them that the compromise agréed vpon at Lewes was vtterlie reuoked and that a new peace in freendlie wise was concluded But although the bishops of London Winchester and Worcester instantlie required the said legat that he would helpe to further the same peace yet he fore rebuked them in that they would giue their consent so much to abase and bring vnder the kings roiall power And bicause he might not be suffered to enter the realme he first cited them to appeare before him at Bullongne And whereas they séemed to contemne his authoritie and appeared not he both suspended the said three bishops and excommunicated the said earles of Leicester and Glocester and their complices with the citie of London and the cinque ports but the foresaid bishops earles and barons feigning to make their appeales to the popes consistorie or if néed were vnto a generall councell and so foorth though indeed trusting more to the temporall line 10 sword than fearing the spirituall they did not forbeare to saie and heare diuine seruice in churches and else-where as before they had doone till the comming of the cardinall Othobone The capteines and men of warre whom the king had left at Tunbridge immediatlie vpon the agréement concluded betwixt the king and the barons were commanded by the K. to depart repaire euerie man to his home but they fearing the malice of their enimies would not breake in sunder but kéeping line 20 togither went strait to Bristowe and there remained till the lord Edward the kings sonne was escaped out of captiuitie But this is to be remembred that before their departure from Tunbridge when by report of William de Saie who escaping from the battell at Lewes was come thither they vnderstood how the matter had passed on both sides and that the Londoners being chased out of the field were lodged at Croidon about the euening tide they came thither and assailing them in their lodgings line 30 slue manie and wan a great spoile The earle of Leicester and the barons hauing the rule of the king and realme in their hands sought to oppresse all such as they knew to be against them and not to like of their procéedings namelie the northerne lords and those of the marshes of Wales as the lord Mortimer and others but waxing herewith wilfull they vsed things with small discretion which at length brought them to confusion For the foure sonnes of the earle of Leicester Henrie Guie Simon and an line 40 other Henrie which had serued right worthilie indéed on the daie of the battell began to waxe so proud that in comparison of themselues they despised all others The lords of the marshes of Wales as Roger de Mortimer Iames de Audelie Roger de Clifford Roger de Leiborne Haimon le Strange Hugh Turberuile and other that had escaped from the battell at Lewes began to make against them that had thus vsurped the rule of the land vnder colour of line 50 hauing the king in their hands The earle of Leicester aduertised hereof ioined in league with Leolin prince of Wales and comming with the king into those parts entered into the castell of Hereford into the which he remooued the lord Edward from Douer where he was first kept in ward after he had yéelded himselfe at Lewes After this the earle of Leicester recouered the castell of Haie and wasting the lands and manours of the lord Mortimer constreined Hugh Mortimer to yéeld himselfe so that line 60 his castell called Richar and other his possessions were committed to the kéeping of the lord Iohn Fitz Iohn Robert de Ferrers earle of Darbie with a great puissance of horssemen and footmen came to Chester in fauour of the earle of Leicester against whome although William de Cousche and Dauid brother to the prince of Wales taking the contrarie part with the lord Iames Audelie and other came to incounter yet they durst not abide him but fled and lost an hundred of their men In the meane time the earle of Leicester procéeding in his businesse wan the castell of Ludlow and after marching towards Montgomerie whither the lords Roger de Mortimer and Iames Audelie were withdrawne he constreined them at length to a feigned agreement so that they gaue hostages promising to come to the next parlement that was appointed to be holden where they were banished the land for a twelue moneths and all the castels on the marshes in manner from Bristow to Chester were deliuered to the earle After this as by Nicholas Triuet it appeareth there was a great assemblie of men of warre made out of all parts of the
the walles sore beating and brusing the buildings within But as it chanced the king writing letters to aduertise his councell at 〈◊〉 of his proceedings and concerning other businesse deliuered that packet vnto a Welshman named Lewin commanding him to go with the same to London in all hast possible for he knew him to be a verie spéedie messenger and a trustie also as he tooke it But hauing the letter thus deliuered him togither with monie to beare his charges he got him to a tauerne where riotouslie coÌ„suming the monie which he had so receiued in plaie making good cheere in the morning he caused one of his companions to take a target and beare it afore him in approching the castell for that he meant as he colourablie pretended not to depart vntill he had wrought some displeasure to them within with his crossebow which he tooke with him for that purpose so that comming vnto the castell gates he called to the warders on the walles to cast downe to him a cord that they might plucke him vp to them therewith for that he had somwhat to say to their capteine touching the secrets of the king of England They fulfilling his desire when he came in and was brought afore the captein sitting then at breakfast he said vnto him Behold sir here ye may peruse line 10 the king of Englands secrets and withall raught to him a box wherein the packet of the kings letters were inclosed and appoint me saith he to some corner of the wall and trie whether I can handle a crossebow or not to defend it against your aduersaries Héere when others would haue opened the box and haue read the letters the capteine would in no wise consent thereto but going into a turret called to the Englishmen beelow and willed them to signifie to the king that one of his seruants being fled to him line 20 sought to bewraie his secrets wherevnto he would by no means agree and therefore meant to restore both the traitor and the letters Herevpon the lord Iohn Spenser comming to heare what the matter might meane the capteine caused Lewin to be let downe to him togither with the letters safe and not touched by him at all When the king vnderstood this he much commended the honest respect of the capteine and whereas he had caused engins to be raised to annoie them within line 30 as yée haue heard he commanded the same to ceasse and withall vpon their capteins suit he granted them libertie to send vnto their king Iohn Balioll to giue him to vnderstand in what sort they stood As touching the Welshman he was drawne and hanged on a paire of high galowes prepared for him of purpose as he had well deserued A notable example of a traitorous villaine so to offer the secrets of his souereigne to be known to his enimies and no lesse excellent a president of an honest and line 40 faithfull harted foe that would not himselfe nor let anie other haue a sight of the contents therein written a rare point of good meaning and vpright dealing in a souldier and speciallie in an enimie but multo optimus ille Militiae cui postremum est primúmque tueri Inter bella fidem Now while the messengers were on their waie to Forfair where the Scotish king then laie king Edward with a part of his armie went vnto Striueling line 50 where he found the castell gates set open and the keies hanging on a naile so that he entred there without any resistance for they that had this castle in gard were fled out of it for feare before his comming The messengers that were sent from them within Edenburgh castell comming to their king declared to him in what case they stood that were besieged King Iohn for that he was not able to succor them by any manner of means at that present sent them word to take the best waie they could for their line 60 owne safetie with which answer the messengers returning the castell was immediâ—tlie deliuered vnto the lord Iohn Spenser that was left in charge with the siege at the kings departure towards Striueling with the like conditions as the castell of Rockesborough had yeelded a little before Thus was that strong castell of Edenburgh surrendred by force of siege to the king of Englands vse on the 15 daie after he had first laid his siege about it A place of such strength by the height of the ground whereon it stood that it was thought impregnable and had not béene woone by force at any time since the first building therof before that present so farre as anie remembrance either by writing or otherwise could be had thereof Here at Edenburgh or rather at Rockesborough as Abington saith a great number of Welshmen came vnto the king who sent home the like number of English footmen of those that séemed most wearie Moreouer at Striueling there came to the king the earle of Ulster with a great number of Irishmen Then passing ouer the riuer of Forth the king came vnto saint Iohns towne about Midsummer and there tarried certeine daies Whilest these things were a dooing Iohn king of Scotland perceiuing that he was not of power to resist king Edward sent ambassadors vnto him to sue for peace king Edward was content to heare them and therevpon appointed that king Iohn should resort vnto the castell of Brechin there to commen with such of his councell as he would send thither within fifteene daies next ensuing to treat of an agréement King Edward sent thither Anthonie bishop of Durham with full commission to conclude all things in his name And within the appointed time came king Iohn and diuers of his nobles vnto him the which after many sundrie treaties holden betwixt them and the said bishop at length they submitted themselues and the realme of Scotland simplie and purelie into the hands of the king of England for the which submission to be firmelie kept and obserued king Iohn deliuered his son in hostage and made letters thereof written in French as followeth The instrument of the said submission IEhan per la grace de Dieu roy de Escoce á tous ceulx quae cestes praesentes letres verront ou orront saluz c. Iohn by the grace of GOD king of Scotland to all those that these present letters shall see or heare sendeth greeting Bicause that we through euill counsell and our owne simplicitie haue greeuouslie offended our souereigne lord Edward by the grace of God king of England lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitane in many things that is to saie in that whereas we beeing and abiding vnder his faith and homage haue bound our selues vnto the king of France which then was his enimie and yet is procuring a mariage with the daughter of his brother Charles du Valois and that we might greeue our said lord and aid the king of France with all our power by warre and other
second found means by intelligence had with sir William de Eland constable of the castell of Notingham to take the said earle of March with his sonne the lord Roger or Geffrey Mortimer and sir Simon Bereford with other Sir Hugh Trumpington or Turrington as line 10 some copies haue that was one of his chéefest fréends with certeine other were slaine as they were about to resist against the lord Montacute and his companie in taking of the said earle The manner of his taking I passe ouer bicause of the diuersitie in report thereof by sundrie writers From Notingham he was sent vp to London with his sonne the lord Roger or Geffrey de Mortimer sir Simon Bereford and the other prisoners where they were committed to prison in the tower Shortlie after was a parlement line 20 called at Westminster chéefelie as was thought for reformation of things disordered through the misgouernance of the earle of March But whosoeuer was glad or sorie for the trouble of the said earle suerlie the queene mother tooke it most heauilie aboue all other as she that loued him more as the fame went than stood well with hir honour For as some write she was found to be with child by him They kept as it were house togither for the earle to haue his prouision the better cheape laid his penie line 30 with hirs so that hir takers serued him as well as they did hir both of vittels cariages Of which mis-vsage all regard to honour and estimation neglected euerie subiect spake shame For their manner of dealing tending to such euill purposes as they continuallie thought vpon could not be secret from the eies of the people And their offense héerein was so much the more heinous bicause they were persons of an extraordinarie degree and were the more narrowlie marked of the multitude or common people line 40 nam lux altissima fati Occultum nil esse sinit latebrásque per omnes Intrat obtrusos explorat fama recessus But now in this parlement holden at Westminster he was attainted of high treason expressed in fiue articles as in effect followeth 1 First he was charged that he had procured Edward of Carnaruan the kings father to be murthered in most heinous and tyrannous maner within the castell of Berklie 2 Secondlie that the Scots at Stanop parke line 50 through his means escaped 3 Thirdlie that he receiued at the hands of the lord Iames Dowglas at that time generall of the Scots great summes of monie to execute that treason and further to conclude the peace vpon such dishonorable couenants as was accorded with the Scots at the parlement of Northampton 4 Fourthlie that he had got into his hands a great part of the kings treasure and had wasted and line 60 consumed it 5 Fiftlie that he had impropried vnto him diuers wards that belonged vnto the king and had béene more priuie with queene Isabell the kings mother than stood either with Gods law or the kings pleasure These articles with other being prooued against him he was adiudged by authoritie of the parlement to suffer death and according therevnto vpon saint Andrewes eeuen next insuing he was at London drawne and hanged at the common place of execution called in those daies The elmes now Tiborne as in some bookes we find His bodie remained two daies and two nights on the gallowes and after taken downe was deliuered to the friers minors who buried him in their church the morrow after he was deliuered to them with great pompe and funerall exequies although afterwards he was taken vp and carried vnto Wigmore whereof he was lord He came not to his answer in iudgement no more than any other of the nobilitie had doone since the death of Thomas earle of Lancaster Sir Simon de Bereford knight that had béene one of the kings iustices was drawne also and hanged at London vpon S. Lucies daie In this parlement holden at Westminster the king tooke into his hand by aduise of the states there assembled all the possessions lands and reuenues that belonged to the quéene his mother she hauing assigned to hir a thousand pounds by yeare for the maintenance of hir estate being appointed to remaine in a certeine place and not to go elsewhere abroad yet the king to comfort hir would lightlie euerie yeare once come to visit hir ¶ After that the erle of March was executed as yée haue heard diuerse noble men that were departed the realme bicause they could not abide the pride and presumption of the said earle now returned as the sonne and heire of the earle of Arundell the lord Thomas Wake the L. Henrie Beaumont sir Thomas de Rosselin sir Foulke fitz Warren sir Griffin de la Poole and diuerse other In the fift yeare of K. Edwards reigne Edward Balioll came foorth of France into England and obteined such fauour through the assistance of the lord Henrie Beaumont the lord Dauid of Strabogie earle of Athole the lord Geffrey de Mowbraie the lord Walter Cumin and others that king Edward granted him licence to make his prouision in England to passe into Scotland with an armie of men to attempt the recouerie of his right to the crowne of Scotland with condition that if he recouered it he should acknowledge to hold it of the king of England as superiour lord of Scotland The comming awaie of Edward Balioll out of France is diuerslie reported by writers some saie that he was aided by the French king whose sister he had married and other saie that he being in prison in France for the escape of an Englishman one Iohn Barnabie esquier which had slaine a Frenchman by chance of quarelling in the towne of Dampierre where the same Barnabie dwelled with the said Edward Balioll so it came to passe that the lord Henrie Beaumont hauing occasion of businesse with the French king that fauoured him well came ouer to France and there vnderstanding of Baliols imprisonment procured his deliuerance and brought him ouer into England and caused him to remaine in secret wise at the manor of Sandhall vpon Ouse in Yorkeshire with the ladie Uesci◠till he had purchased the kings grant for him to make his prouision of men of war and ships within the English dominions In the sixt yeare of king Edwards reigne Reignold earle of Gelderland married the ladie Elianor sister to this king Edward the third who gaue vnto the said earle with hir for hir portion fifteene thousand pounds sterling ¶ Isabell the kings daughter was borne also this yeare at Woodstoke ¶ After that Edward Balioll had prepared and made readie his purueiances for his iournie and that his men of warre were assembled and come togither being in all not past fiue hundred men of armes and about two thousand archers and other footmen he tooke the sea at Rauenspurgh in Yorkeshire and from thence directing his course northward he
appointed to haue made a viage against the Saracens enimies of our faith and had sent to the king of England requiring him of his companie in that iournie But the king of England being otherwise occupied with the affaires of Scotland made no direct answer therevnto so that the French king perceiuing that the king of England was not in all things well pleased with him thought good before he set forward on that iournie to vnderstand his meaning and thervpon sent eftsoones vnto him other ambassadours These ambassadours arriued here in England and had audience but nothing they concluded in effect saue that the king promised to send his ambassadors ouer into France to haue further communication in the matter touching such points of variance as depended betwixt them Although Edward Balioll by the puissance of the king of Englands assistance had got the most part of the realme of Scotland into his hands yet diuerse castels were holden against him and the Scots dailie slipped from him and by open rebellion molested him diuerse waies The king of England aduertised thereof called a parlement at London wherein he tooke order for his iournie into Scotland had a tenth line 10 and a fiftéenth granted him and so about Alhallontide he came to Newcastell vpon Tine with his armie and remained there till the feast of saint Katharine and then entring into Scotland came to Rockesburgh where he repared the castell which had beene aforetime destroied After the third daie of Christmasse was past the king of England entred into Ethrike forrest year 1335 beating it vp and downe but the Scots would not come within his reach wherevpon he sent the king of Scots that was there present with him line 20 and the earles of Warwike and Oxenford and certeine other barons and knights with their retinues vnto Carleill to keepe and defend those west parts of the realme from the Scots In their iournie thitherwards they went by Peplis to apprehend certeine Scots whome they heard to be lodged and abiding thereabouts but when they found them not they wasted the countrie and turned streight to Carleill where after the Epiphanie there assembled an armie foorth of the counties of Lancaster line 30 Westmerland and Cumberland by the kings appointment which armie togither with the king of Scots and the other lords there found entred Scotland and did much hurt in the countrie of Galloway destroieng towns and all that they found abroad but the people were fled and withdrawne out of their waie And when they had taken their pleasure the king of Scots returned backe to Carleill This yere there fell great abundance of raine and therevpon insued morren of beasts also corne so failed this yeare that a quarter of wheat was sold at fortie line 40 shillings Finallie when the king had finished his businesse in Scotland as to his séeming stood with his pleasure he returned into England and shortlie after he sent the archbishop of Canturburie sir Philip de Montacute and Geffrey Scroope vnto the French king to conclude a firme amitie league with him These lords comming into France were not at the first admitted to the French kings presence till they shewed themselues halfe greeued with that strange line 50 dealing for then finallie were they brought vnto him who gentlie receiued them and caused the matter to be intreated of about the which they were sent in furthering whereof such diligence was vsed that finallie a conclusion of peace and concord was agreed and so farre passed that proclamation thereof should haue béene made in Paris and in the countrie thereabout the next day but scarse were the English ambassadours returned vnto their lodgings when they were sent for backe againe and further line 60 informed that the French king minded to haue Dauid king of Scotland comprised in the same league so that he might be restored vnto his kingdome and the Balioll put out The English ambassadors answered that their commission extended not so farre and therfore they could not conclude any thing therein Herevpon all the former communication was reuoked and cléerelie made void so that the English ambassadors returned home into England without anie thing concluded About the feast of the Ascension the king held a parlement at Yorke ordeining for his iournie into Scotland and also deuising by authoritie thereof diuerse profitable statutes for the common-wealth About midsummer he came with his armie vnto Newcastell vpon Tine whither came to him from Carleill the king of Scots and there order was taken that the king of England and his brother the earle of Cornwall the earls of Warwike Lancaster Lincolne and Hereford with all their retinues and the earle of Gulikerland that had married the kings sister and with a faire companie was come to serue the king in these warres should passe to Carleill and on the twelfe of Iulie enter Scotland The king of Scots the earles of Surrie and Arundell and the lord Henrie Percie a baron of great might and power being all of kin vnto the king of Scots with their retinues should go to Berwike and there enter the same day aboue mentioned and as it was appointed so it was put in practise For both kings on the same day entring Scotland in seuerall parts passed forward without resistance at their pleasures wasting and burning all the countries both on this side and beyond the Scotish sea The Welshmen spared neither religious persons nor their houses making no more accompt of them than of others the mariners of Newcastell also burnt a great part of the towne of Dundée The earle of Namure about the same time comming into England to serue the king in his warres tooke vpon him to passe into Scotland with a band of an hundred men of armes beside seauen or eight knights which he brought ouer with him and certeine Englishmen to be his guides from Berwike but he was assailed before he could get to Edenburgh by the earles of Murrey and Dunbarre and the lord William Dowglas so that notwithstanding the strangers bare themselues verie manfullie yet oppressed with multitude they were forced to giue place but yet still fighting and defending themselues till they came to Edenburgh and there taking the hill where the ruines of the castell stood kept the same all the night folowing But the next day they despairing of all succours and hauing neither meat nor drinke at length yéelded themselues whom the earle of Murrey receiuing right courteouslie shewed them such fauour that without ransome he was contented they should returne into their countries and for more suertie he conueied the said earle of Namure whome the Scotish books call earle of Gelderland and his companie backe to the borders but in his returne or shortlie after the same earle of Murrey that tooke himselfe for gouernour of Scotland was encountred by the Englishmen that laie in garrison within Rockesburgh and by them taken prisoner The lord
battell the next day being fridaie or else on saturdaie following at the Frenchmens choice but the constable of France and his companie continuing in their first offer refused both line 50 those daies Then the English lords accepted the daie by them assigned with condition that if they brought not king Edward to giue battell that day they would yeeld themselues prisoners so that the Frenchmen would likewise vndertake for their king The constable hauing no answer readie staied a while and after flatlie refused to make any such couenant Finallie when the English lords perceiued their aduersaries not to meane battell as their words at the first pretended line 60 they brake off and both parties returned home The king of England staied till the tuesdaie and paid the strangers their wages and so came backe into England On the sixt of Nouember whilest the king was thus abroad in Picardie the Scots verie earlie in the morning of that daie came priuilie to Berwike entred by stealth into the towne and sleâ—ing three or foure Englishmen tooke it with all the goods and persons within it those excepted which got to the castell In a parlement summoned this yeare the mondaie after the feast of saint Edmund the king the lords and commons granted to king Edward fiftie shillings of euerie sacke of wooll that should be caried ouer the sea for the space of six yeares next insuing By this grant it was thought that the king might dispend a thousand markes sterling a day such vent of wools had the English merchants in that season ¶ The parlement being ended the king about S. Andrews tide set forward towards Scotland and held his Christmasse at Newcastell About which time by letters sent from the prince the king was aduertised of his proceedings after his arriuall in Gascoigne where being ioifullie receiued of the nobles and other the people of that countrie as before yée haue heard he declared to them the cause of his thither comming and tooke aduise with them how to procéed in his businesse and so about the tenth of October he set forward to passe against his enimies first entring into a countrie called Iuliake which togither with the fortresses yeelded to him without anie great resistance Then he rode through the countie Armignac wasting and spoiling the countrie and so passed through the lands of the vicounts de la Riuiere and after entered into the countie de l'Estrac and passing through the same came to the countie of Commiges finding the towne of S. Matain void being a good towne one of the best in that countrie After this he passed by the land of the earle of Lisle till he came within a league of Tholouse where the earle of Armignac being the French kings lieutenant in those parts and other great lords and nobles were assembled The prince with his armie tarried there two daies and after passed ouer the riuer of Garonne and after ouer an other riuer the reabouts a league aboue Tholouse lodging that night a league on the other side of Tholouse and so they passed thorough Tholouse dailie taking townes castels wherein they found great riches for the countrie was verie plentifull Upon Alhallowes éeuen they came to castell Naudarie and from thence they tooke the waie to Carcasson into the which a great number of men of armes and commons were withdrawne But vpon the approch of the Englishmen they slipt awaie and got them to a strong castell that stood néere at hand The third day after the Englishmen burnt the towne and passing forth trauersed all the countrie of Carcassonoâ—s till they came to the towne of Narbonne The people there were fled into the castell in which the vicount of Narbonne was inclosed with fiue hundred men of arms The prince staied there two daies The pope sent two bishops towards the prince to treat with him of peace but bicause the prince would not hearken to anie treatie without commission from his father they could not get anie safe conduct to approch néerer The prince hauing aduertisments heere that his enimies were assembled and followed him he turned backe to meet them but they had no will to abide him for although the earle of Armignac the constable of France the marshall Cleremont and the prince of Orange with diuerse other néere to Tholouse made some shew to impeach the prince his passage yet in the end they withdrew not without some losse for the lord Bartholomew de Burwasch alias Burghersch sir Iohn Chandois the lord Iames Audeley and sir Thomas Felton being sent foorth to view them skirmished with two hundred of their men of armes and tooke of them fiue and thirtie After this they had no mind to abide the English power but still shranke awaie as the prince was readie to follow them and so he perceiuing that the Frenchmen would not giue him battell he withdrew towards Burdeaux after he had spent eight weekes in that his iournie and so comming thither he wintetered there whilest his capteins in the meane time tooke diuerse townes and castels abroad in the countrie ¶ And now to the end yee may haue more plaine information of the princes dooings in those parties I haue thought good to make you partakers of a letter or two written by sir Iohn Winkefield knight attendant on the prince there in Gascoigne The copie of sir Iohn Winkefields letters MY lord as touching the newes in these parts may it please you to line 10 vnderstand that all the earles barons baronets knights and esquiers were in helth at the making hereof and my lord hath not lost either knight or esquier in this voiage except the lord Iohn Lisle who was slaine after a strange manner with a quarrell the third day after we were entered into our enimies countries he died the fiftenth of October And please line 20 it you to vnderstand that my lord hath ridden through the countrie of Arminac and hath taken many fensed townes and burnt and destroied them except certeine which he hath fortified After this he marched into the vicountie of Rouergne where he tooke a good towne named Pleasance the chiefest towne of that countrie which he hath burnt and destroied with the countrie line 30 round about the same This doone he went into the countie d'Astrike wherin he tooke manie townes wasted and destroied all the countrie After this he entred into the countie of Cominge and tooke manie townes there which he caused to be destroied burnt togither with all the countrie abroad He tooke also the towne of S. Matan which is the cheefest towne of that countrie being as large in compasse as line 40 Norwich Afterward he entered into the countie of Lisle and tooke the most part of the fensed townes therin causing diuerse of them to be burnt and destroied as he passed And after entring into the lordship of Tholouse we passed the riuer of Girond and an other a league aboue Tholouse which is verie
great for our enimies had burnt all the line 50 bridges as well on the one side of Tholouse as the other except the bridges with in Tholouse for the riuer runneth through the towne And the constable of France the marshall Cleremont and the earle of Arminac were with a great power within the towne the same time And Tholouse is a great towne strong faire and well walled and there was none in our host line 60 that knew the foord there but yet by the grace and goodnesse of God we found it So then we marched through the seigniorie of Tholouse tooke manie good townes inclosed and burnt and destroied them and all the countrie about Then we entred into the seigniorie of Carcason and we tooke manie good towns before we came to Carcason which towne we also tooke which is greater stronger fairer than Yorke And as well this towne as all other townes in the countrie were burnt and destroied And after we had passed by manie iournies through the countrie of Carcason we came into the seigniorie of Narbon and we tooke manie townes and wasted them till we came to Narbon which towne was holden against vs but it was woone by force and the said towne is little lesse than London and is situat vpon the Greekish sea for that the distance from the said towne vnto the Greekish sea is not past two leagues and there is an hauen and a place to arriue at from whence the water coÌ„meth vp to Narbon And Narbon is not but eleuen leagues distant from Mountpellier eighteene from Eguemortz thirtie from Auignion And may it please you to vnderstand that the holie father sent his messengers to my lord that were not past seuen leagues froÌ„ him and they sent a sergeant at armes that was sergeant at armes attendant on the doore of our holie fathers chamber with their letters to my lord praieng him to haue a safe conduct to come to declare to his highnesse their message from the holie father which was to treat betwixt my L. and his aduersaries of France and the said sergeant was two daies in the host before my lord would see him or receiue his letters And the reason was bicause he had vnderstanding that the power of France was come forth of Tholouse toward Carcason so that my lord was driuen to turne backe towards them suddenlie and so did On the third daie when we should haue come vpon them they had knowlege giuen before day and so retiring got them to the mounteins hasting fast toward Tholouse and the countrie people that were their guides to lead them that waie were taken as they should haue passed the water And bicause the popes sergeant at armes was in my keeping I caused him to examine the guides that were so taken and for that the guide which was thus examined was the constables guide and his countrieman he might well see and know the countenance of the Frenchmen vpon this examining him And I said to the same sergeant that he might well declare to the pope and to all them of Auignion that which he had heard or seene And as touching the answer which my lord made to them that were sent to treat with him you would be well apaid if you vnderstood all the maner for he would not suffer in any wise that they shuld come neerer vnto him But if they came to treat of any matter he would that they should send to the king his father for my lord himselfe would not doo any thing therin except by commandement from my lord his father And of my lords turning backe to follow after his enimies and of the passage of the riuer of Garonne and of the taking of castels and townes in this iournie and of other things which he hath doone against his enimies in pursuit of them in this iournie being things right worthie and honorable as manie know verie well in like maner as sir Richard Stafford sir William Burton can more plainelie declare than I to you can write for it were too much to put in writing And my lord rode thus abroad in the countrie of his enimies eight whole weekes and rested not past eleuen daies in all those places where he came And know it for certeine that since this warre began against the French king he had neuer such losse or destruction as he line 10 hath had in this iournie for the countries and good townes which were wasted at this iournie found to the king of France euerie yeare more to the maintenance of his warre than halfe his realme hath doon beside except the exchange of his monie which he maketh euerie yeare and the aduantage and custome which he taketh of them of Poictou as I can shew you by line 20 good remembrances which were found in diuerse townes in the receiuers houses for Carcason and le Moignes which is as great as Carcason and two other townes in the coasts of Carcason found to the king of France yeerelie wages for a thousand men of armes and beside that 100000 old crowns to mainteine the war And know you that by the remembrances line 30 which we found that the townes in Tholouse which are destroied and the townes in the countrie of Carcason and the towne of Narbonne and Narbonnois did find euerie yeare with the sums aforesaid in aid of his war foure hundred thousand old crownes as the burgesses of the great townes other people of the countrie which ought to know it haue told vs. And so by Gods assistance if my lord had line 40 wherewith to mainteine this warre and to make the kings profit and his owne honor he should well inlarge the English marches and gaine manie faire places for our enimies are greatlie astonied And at the making heereof my lord hath appointed to send all the earles and baronets to abide in certeine places on the marches to make roads and to annoie his enimies line 50 Now my lord at this present I know none other newes to send but you may by your letters command me as yours to my power My right honorable lord God grant you good life ioy and health long to continue Written at Burdeaux the tuesdaie next before Christmasse The tenor of an other letter written by sir Iohn Wingfield directed to sir Richard Stafford line 60 knight who had beene in Gascoigne and there leauing his familie was now returned into England RIght deare sir and right louing freend touching newes after your departure you may vnderstand year 1356 that there be taken and yeelded fiue townes inclosed to wit port saint Marie Cleirac Tonings Burgh saint Pierre Chastiell Sacret or Satrat and Brassake Also seauenteene castels to wit Coiller Buset Lemnake two castels called Boloines which ioine the one neere so the other Mounioy Uâ—resch Frechenet Mountender Pudeschales Mounpoun Montanac Ualeclare Cenamont Leistrake Plassac Cont Destablison and Mounriuell And will it please you to know that my lord Iohn Chandois my lord Iames Audeley
thing without readie paiment and those that from thencefoorth did contrarie to this ordinance should be extremelie punished There was granted to the king in this parlement six and twentie shillings line 10 eight pence of euerie sacke of wooll that was to be transported ouer the sea for thrée yeares next insuing Furthermore at the sute of the commons it was ordeined and established by an act in this parlement deuised that men of law should plead their causes and write their actions and plaints in the English toong and not in the French as they had béene accustomed to doo euer since the Conquerors time It was ordeined also that schoolemasters should teach line 20 their scholers to construe their lessons in English not in French as before they had béene vsed The K. shewed so much curtesie to the French hostages that he permitted them to go ouer to Calis and there being néere home to purchase friendship by oft calling on their fréends for their deliuerance They were suffered to ride to and fro about the marches of Calis for the space of foure daies togither so that on the fourth daie before sunne setting they returned into Calis againe The duke of Aniou turning this libertie line 30 to serue his owne turne departed from thence and went home into France without making his fellowes priuie to his purpose This yeare a parlement was called by the king which began the ninth of October from the which none of the noble men could obteine licence to be absent In this parlement all rich ornaments of gold and siluer vsed to be worne in kniues girdels ouches rings or otherwise to the setting foorth of the bodie were prohibited except to such as might dispend ten line 40 pounds by yeare Morouer that none should weare any rich clothes or furres except they might dispend an hundred pounds by yeare ¶ Moreouer it was enacted that labourers and husbandmen should not vse any deintie dishes or costlie drinks at their tables But these and such other acts as were deuised and established at this parlement tooke none effect as after it appeared In this yeare there came into England to speake with king Edward concerning their weightie affaires thrée kings to wit the king of line 50 France the king of Scotland the king of Cypres they were honorablie receiued and highlie feasted The king of Scotland and the king of Cypres after they had dispatched their businesse for the which they came turned backe againe but the French king fell sicke and remained here till he died as in the next yeare ye shall heare He arriued here in England about the latter end of this yeare and came to Eltham where king Edward as then laie on the foure and twentith day of Ianuarie year 1364 and there dined line 60 After diner he tooke his horsse and rode toward London and vpon Blacke heath the citizens of London clad in one kind of liuerie and verie well horssed met him and conueied him from thence through to London to the Sauoy where his lodging was prepared About the beginning of March in this eight and thirtith yeare the forenamed French king fell into a gréeuous sickenesse of the which he died the eight day of Aprill following His corps was conueied into France and there buried at S. Denise his exequies were kept here in England in diuerse places right solemnelie by king Edwards appointment This yeare by reason of an extreme sore frost continuing from the seuen and twentith day of September last passed vnto the beginning of Aprill in this eight and thirtith yeare or rather from the seuenth day of December till the ninetenth day of March as Walsingham and other old writers doo report the ground laie vntild to the great hinderance and losse of all growing things on the earth This yeare on Michaelmasse day before the castell of Aulroy not far distant from the citie of Uannes in Britaine a sore battell was fought betwixt the lord Charles de Blois and the lord Iohn of Mountford For when there could be no end made betwixt these two lords touching their title vnto the duchie of Britaine they renewed the wars verie hotlie in that countrie and procured all the aid they might from each side The king of France sent to the aid of his cousine Charls de Blois a thousand speares and the earle of Mountford sent into Gascoigne requiring sir Iohn Chandois and other Englishmen there to come to his succour Sir Iohn Chandois gladlie consented to this request and therevpon got licence of the prince and came into Britaine where he found the earle of Mountford at the siege of the foresaid castell of Aulroy In the meane time the lord Charles de Blois being prouided of men and all things necessarie to giue battell came and lodged fast by his enimies The earle of Mountford aduertised of his approch by the aduise of sir Iohn Chandois and other of his capteins had chosen out a plot of ground to lodge in and meant there to abide their enimies With the lord Charles of Blois was that valiant knight sir Berthram de Cleaquin or Guesclin as some write him by whose aduise there were ordeined three battels and a reregard and in each battell were appointed a thousand of good fighting men On the other part the earle of Mountford diuided his men likewise into thrée battels and a reregard The first was led by sir Robert Knols sir Walter Hewet and sir Richard Brulle or Burlie The second by sir Oliuer de Clisson sir Eustace Daubreticourt and sir Matthew Gournie The third the earle of Mountford him selfe guided and with him was sir Iohn Chandois associat by whom he was much ruled for the king of England whose daughter the earle of Mountford should marie had written to sir Iohn Chandois that he should take good héed to the businesse of the said earle and order the same as sagelie as he might deuise or imagine In ech of these thrée armies were fiue hundred armed men and foure hundred archers In the reregard were appointed fiue hundred men of warre vnder the gouernance of sir Hugh Caluerlie Beside sir Iohn Chandois other Englishmen recited by Froissard there was the lord William Latimer as one of the chiefe on the earle of Mountfords side There were not past sixtéene hundred good fighting men on that side as Thomas Walsingham plainelie writeth Now when the hosts were ordred on both sides as before we haue said they approched togither the Frenchmen came close in their order of battell and were to the number of fiue and twentie hundred men of armes after the manner of that age beside others Euerie man had cut his speare as then they vsed at what time they should ioine in battell to the length of fiue foot and a short ax hanging at his side At the first incounter there was a sore battell and trulie the archers shot right fiercelie howbeit their shot
hauing onlie regard to the releefe of his souldiers and men of warre would néeds go forward with it ¶ Indéed if he might haue brought it to passe as it was denied that euerie housholder should haue paid a franke for chimniage the summe would haue growne to twelue hundred thousand frankes by the yeare which had beene a great releefe and that made him the more earnest bicause he might haue beene able so to haue paid his debts Now when it was perceiued certeinlie that open rebellion would therof insue and that king Edward was certified of the whole state of the matter and how diuerse of the lords of Aquitaine were withdrawne vnto the court of France in manner as before yée haue heard he deuised a letter which he caused to be published through all the parts of Aquitaine the effect whereof was this That where the people of that countrie found themselues greeued for such exactions as were demanded of them he meant therefore vpon examination of their iust complaints to see their wrongs redressed And further he was contented to pardon all such as were withdrawne to the French king so that within a moneths space they would returne home requiring them that in no wise they should stirre anie seditious tumult but to remember their oths of allegiance and to continue in the same according to their bounden duties and as for him he would be readie to sée them eased that would shew by plaine proofe how they had beene otherwise gréeued than reason might beare This was his meaning and this was the aduise of all his councellours But this courteous letter little auailed for dailie the Gascoignes reuolted from the prince and turned to the French part Moreouer another occasion of grudge chanced to renew the malice betwixt the K. of England and the French king For whereas yée haue heard that the earle of Flanders had affianced his daughter and heire to the lord Edmund of Langlie earle of Cambridge a shift was made namelie by the earles mother the countesse of Arthois who was all French that notwithstanding the same affiance she was married to Philip duke of Burgognie who was surnamed the Hardie by this occasion as I. Meir saith It chanced that whilest he was prisoner in England with his father he was vpon a time appointed to wait at the table where his father and the king of England sat togither at meat And bicause a noble man of England that was appointed likewise to attend at the same table serued first the king of England before the king of France this Philip vp with his fist and tooke the English lord a blow on the eare saieng Wilt thou serue the king of England first where the French king sitteth at the same table The Englishman out with his dagger would haue striken the said Philip but the king of England streictlie charged him to the contrarie and praising the déed of the yoong stripling said vnto him Vous estes Philip le hardie Thou art said he the hardie Philip. And so from that daie he bare that name euer after There be other that saie how he tooke that surname bicause in the batell of Poictiers he abode still with his father till the end of the battell without line 10 shewing any token of feare or faintnes of courage The earles of Arminacke and Perigord with the other lords of Gascoigne that had made their appeale as ye haue heard to the chamber of the peeres of France when they vnderstood that the prince had imprisoned the messengers that brought to him the French kings letters began to make warre on the princes lands The first enterprise they made was the discomfiting of the lord Thomas Wake sâ—neshall of Rouergne as he was riding from Agen vnto line 20 the citie of Rodais with threescore spears and two hundred archers in his companie Also the French king being now prouided for the war and vnderstanding the minds of the people within certeine towns vnder the dominion of the Englishmen in his high court of parlement holden at Paris procéeded in iudgement vpon the appellation before made by the earles of Arminacke Perigord and others against prince Edward And moreouer he sent ouer into England the earle of Salisbruch and a knight called sir William Dorman to signifie to the king of England line 30 how he thought himselfe not honorablie vsed that the king of England did but slenderlie kéepe the couenants of the peace considering that he did not find meanes to reforme such of his subiects Englishmen and Gascoignes as dailie robbed and wasted the countries lands belonging to the crowne of France These ambassadors were staied for the space of two moneths still they complained of the wrongs line 40 that the Englishmen had doone contrarie to the couenants of the peace but the king made small account thereof bicause he perceiued it was a forged matter that they alledged and so in the end sent them awaie At Douer being vpon their returne there met them a Britaine that was comming with letters of defiance to the king of England from the French king and as he had in commandement he declared to them the effect of his message whervpon with all spéed they passed ouer to Bullongne and line 50 were glad they had so escaped The Britaine came to the court and deliuered the defiance to the king according to the instructions which he had receiued When the king had heard the letters read and perceiued by good view taken of the seale and signet that the same were of authoritie he licenced the messenger to depart and fell in councell with the peeres of his realme what he should doo in so weigthie a matter Wherevpon it was thought necessarie by them that he should assemble his court of parlement and line 60 so he did In the which vpon declaration made how iniuriouslie the French king after manie wrongfull dealings had now broken the peace and sent his defiance vnto the king in so despitefull wise as might be there was granted towards the maintenance of the warre thus begun thrée fifteens of the temporaltie and thrée dismes of the spiritualtie to be paied in thrée yeares At the selfe same time that the defiance was made to the king here in England the earle of S. Paule and Guie de Chatillon master of the crosbowes in France entered into the countie of Ponthieu tooke Abuile and an English knight called sir Nicholas Louaigne seneshall of that countrie vnder the king of England as then being within it They tooke also saint Ualerie Crotoie Rue Pont saint Renie and to be short reduced the whole countrie of Ponthieu vnder the French obeisance which had remained in possession of the Englishmen for the space of a hundred and twelue yeares euer since Edward the first had the same assigned to him in name of a dowrie with his wife queene Elianor sister to Alfonse K. of
appeare But now to returne to the armies where we left them After the duke was fled and Thomas Molineux slaine as before ye haue heard the armie of the lords set vpon the people that were come with the duke of Ireland as hath béene said foorth of Chesshire Lancashire and Wales and taking them as enimies spoiled them of their horsse armor bowes and arrowes The knights and esquiers had their armor and horsses againe to them restored and were reteined with the lords to serue them but the commons without either armor or weapon were sent home and had no other harme done vnto them The duke of Irelands cariage being taken letters were found in his trunkes or males which the king had written to him exhorting him with all spéed to repaire vnto London with what power he might make and there he should find him readie to liue and die with him Such was the conclusion of this battell which happened néere vnto Burford fast by Bablake to the great reioising of manie through the realme for that the enimies thereof as they tooke the matter were thus ouerthrowne But yet the escaping awaie of the duke of Ireland did somewhat mitigate their ioy for what was become of him it was vncerteine After this the duke of Glocester and the other lords went to Oxford being sorie that their fortune was not to haue taken the duke of Ireland line 10 At the same time or rather before the archbishop of Yorke and the lord chiefe iustice sir Robert Trisilian fearing the indignation of the lords withdrew out of the waie and durst not be séene But now the lords who after the iournie at Radcote bridge were come as ye haue heard to Oxford we find that the same time a brute was raised whether of truth or not we haue neither to affirme nor denie how there was a messenger taken being sent from the French line 20 king with letters in which was conteined a licence of safe conduct for the king of England the duke of Ireland and others to come to Bullongue with a certeine number limited where they should find the French king come downe thither readie to receiue them to the end that for a certeine summe of monie which the French king should giue to the king of England the towne of Calis and all the fortresses in those parts which were in the Englishmens hands should be deliuered to the Frenchmen and further line 30 that the king of England should doo his homage to the French king for the lands which he held in Gascoigne and so to haue acknowledged himselfe his liege man The lords as was reported hauing got these letters and taken counsell togither how to procéed in their businesse to bring the same to good end remoued from Oxford and on Christmas euen they came to S. Albons and there staied that daie and the next On saint Stephans daie they tooke their waie to line 40 London with an armie of fortie thousand men as some write comming into the fields besides Clerkenwell mustered their men being diuided in thrée seuerall battels verie well appointed with armor and weapon that it was a beautifull sight to behold them The king kept his Christmas not at Westminster but in the Tower not douting but there to be defended what chance soeuer should happen The lords mistrusting the Londoners lodged them with their people in the suburbs They sent yet two knights and line 50 two esquiers vnto the Maior and Aldermen of the citie to vnderstand whether they were minded to take part with them or with the duke of Ireland and his adherents traitors as they tearmed them both to the king and the realme The Londoners were now in no small feare and perplexitie not knowing well what waie was best for them to take weieng diuers perils as first the kings displeasure if they opened their gates vnto the lords and if they shut them foorth they feared the indignation and wrath of the line 60 commons that were come thither with the lords and were readie to breake downe their wals and gates if they were neuer so little prouoked Besides this they stoode most in doubt least if the wealthiest citizens should not giue their consent to receiue the lords into the citie the meaner sort and such as wished rather to sée some hurlie burlie than to continue in peace would séeke by force to set open the gates and make waie for the lords and their people to enter that they might make hauocke and spoile whatsoeuer might be found of value in the rich mens houses These doubts with all the circumstances being well weied and considered the Maior Nicholas Exton and certeine of the chiefe men in the citie went foorth to the lords and offered them to lodge in the citie at their pleasure with all things necessarie as they should deuise The Maiâ—â— caused also wine ale bread and chéese to be distributed among the armie so as ech one had part which courtesie turned greatlie afterwards to the commoditie of the citie The lords vpon search made perceiuing that there was no guile meant by laieng of men in ambushes within the citie to intrappe them or otherwise but that all was sure inough and cleare without anie such euill meâ—ning they entred the citie and there abode quietlie Then went the archbishop of Canturburie and others betwixt the king and the lords to make peace betwixt them But the king at the first séemed little to estéeme the matter saieng to the archbishop Well let them lie here with their great multitude of people hardlie till they haue spent all they haue and then I trust they will returne poore inough and néedie and then I doubt not but I shall talke with them and vse the matter so as iustice maie require The lords being informed hereof were maruelouslie mooued and sware that they would not depart till they had spoken with him face to face and foorthwith they sent part of their companies to watch the Thames for feare the king should scape their hands and then laugh them to scorne When the king then perceiued himselfe to be inclosed on ech side he talked eftsoones with the archbishop and his associats that were messengers betwixt him and the lords willing them to declare to the lords that he would be contented to treat with them in reasonable order wherevpon they required that he should on the morow next insuing come vnto Westminster where he should vnderstand their demands When the king heard that he refused to come vnto Westminster but willed that they should come to him there in the Tower The lords sent him word againe that the Tower was a place to be suspected for that they might there be surprised by some guilefull practise deuised to intrap them The king herevnto made answer that they might send some two hundred men or so manie as they should thinke good to make a through search whether they néeded to
feare anie such thing and this accordinglie was doone they hauing the keies of the gates and of all the strong chambers turrets and places within the Tower sent vnto them On the fridaie the duke of Glocester the earls of Derbie and Notingham came to the king where he was set in a pauillion richlie arraied and after their humble salutations done and some talke had betwixt them they went at the kings request with him into his chamber where they recited vnto him the conspiracie of their aduersaries through which they had béen indicted They also shewed forth the letters which he had sent to the duke of Ireland to leauie an armie vnto their destruction Likewise the letters which the French king had written to him conteining a safe conduct for him to come into France there to confirme things to the diminishing of his honor to the decaie of his power losse of his fame ¶ During the time of this communication also the earle of Derbie desired the king to behold the people that were assembled in sight before the Tower for the preseruation of him and his realme which he did and maruelling to sée such a goodlie armie and strength as he declared to them no lesse the duke of Glocester said vnto him Sir this is not the tenth part of your willing subiects that haue risen to destroie those false traitors that haue misled you with their wicked and naughtie counsell The king being brought to his wits end aswell with those things which the lords had charged him with as otherwise with the sight of that great multitude of people seemed greatlie amazed Wherevpon the lords vnder condition that the next daie he should come to Westminster to heare more of their minds and to conclude further for the behoofe of the common-wealth of the realme began to take leaue of him meaning so to depart but the king desired them to tarrie all night with him and the quéene The duke thinking to make all sure made excuse that he durst not be absent from all those folks which they had brought with them for feare that some disorder line 10 might arise either in the armie or in the citie yet at the kings instance the earles of Notingham and Derbie taried there all night The king before his going to bed was quite turned concerning his determination and promise made to go the next daie to Westminster through such whispering tales as was put into his eares by some that were about him telling him that it stood neither with his safetie nor honour so lightlie to agree to depart from the tower vnto such place as the lords had thus appointed him line 20 to serue more for their purpose than for suertie of his person When the lords therefore vnderstood that he would not keepe promise with them they were greatlie offended insomuch as they sent him flat word that if he would not come according to promise they would suerlie choose another king that would and ought to obeie the faithfull counsell of his lords The king with this message being touched to the quicke to satisfie their minds and to auoid further perill remooued the line 30 next morning vnto Westminster where the lords comming before his presence after a little other talke they declared vnto him that aswell in respect of his owne honour as the commoditie wealth of his kingdome it was behouefull that such traitors and most wicked slanderous persons as were nothing profitable but hurtfull to him and his louing subiects should be remooued out of his court and that other that both could and would serue him more honorablie and faithfullie were placed in their roomes line 40 The king although sore against his mind when he saw how the lords were bent and that he wanted power to withstand their pleasures condescended to doo what they would haue him So when he had granted thereto they iudged that Alexander Neuill archbishop of Yorke Iohn Fourdham bishop of Durham lord tresuror Thomas Rushoke a frier of the order of the preachers bishop of Chichester and confessor to the king were worthie to be auoided the court But the archbishop of Yorke line 50 and the bishop of Chichester would abide no reckonings but got them out of the waie and fled it was not knowne whither The lords did expell out of the court the lord Zouâ—h of Haringworth the lord Burnell the lord Beaumont Albrey de Uéer Baldwin de Bereford Richard Aderburie Iohn Worth Thomas Clifford and Iohn Louell knights These were dismissed out of the court and remooued from the king but not discharged for they were constreined to put in suerties to appeare at the next parlement line 60 There were also certeine ladies expelled the court as those that were thought to doo much harme about the K. to wit the ladie Poinings wife to Iohn Worth of Mowen and the ladie Moulinge with others which also found suerties to answer at the next parlement to all such things as might be obiected against them Moreouer there were arrested and committed to seuerall prisons sir Simon Burlie William Elmham Iohn Beauchampe of Holt steward of the kings house sir Iohn Salisburie sir Thomas Triuet sir Iames Barneis sir Nicholas Dagworth and sir Nicholas Brambre knights Also Richard Clifford Iohn Lincolne Richard Mitford the kings chapleins and Nicholas Sclake deane of the kings chappell whose word might doo much in the court There was also apprehended Iohn Blake an apprentise of the law all which persons were kept in streict ward till the next parlement in which they were appointed to stand vnto their triall and answers Shortlie after to wit the morrow after the Purification of our ladie the parlement began the which was named the parlement that wrought woonders The king would gladlie haue proroged the time of this parlement if by anie meanes he might The lords came to the same parlement with a sufficient armie for their owne safeties On the first day of this parlement were arrested as they sat in their places all the iustices except sir William Skipworth as sir Roger Fulthrop sir Robert Belknap sir Iohn Carie sir Iohn Holt sir William Brooke and Iohn Alocton the kings sergeant at law all which were sent to the tower and there kept in seuerall places The cause whie they were thus apprehended was for that where in the last parlement diuerse lords were made gouernours of the realme both by the assent of the same parlement and also by the aduise and counsell of all the iustices then being and indentures tripartite thereof made of the which one part remained with the king an other with the lords so chosen to gouerne the realme and the third part with the iustices and yet notwithstanding the said iustices at a councell holden at Notingham as yee haue heard before did go contrarie to that agreement Wherevpon it was now determined that they should make answer to their dooings Moreouer
defraied and laid out in Almaine and in Boheme about the kings marriage and for the residue desired daies of paiment yet he could obteine neither Further he was accused that the duke of Ireland and he had gathered great summes of monie conueied the same to Douer and from thence sent it in the night by sea into Germanie Lastlie the archbishop forsooth and the moonks of Canturburie charged him that he sought the means to remooue â—he shrine of the archbishop Thomas otherwise called Thomas Becket from Canturburie vnto Douer vnder a colour of feare least the Frenchmen being assembled in Flanders to inuade England should land in Kent and take Canturburie and spoile it where indeed as they surmized against him he meant to send it ouer the seas vnto the king of Boheme Herevpon he was first committed to the tower and before the king or his other friends could procure his deliuerance he was without law or iustice before any of the residue as some hold brought foorth and beheaded on the tower hill by commandement of the duke of Glocester and other of his faction quite contrarie to the kings will or knowledge in somuch that when he vnderstood it he spake manie sore words against the duke affirming that he was a wicked man and worthie to be kept shorter sith vnder a colour of dooing iustice he went about to destroie euerie good and honest man The king was also offended with the duke of Yorke for his brothers presumptuous doings though the said duke of Yorke being verelie a man of a gentle nature wished that the state of the common-wealth might haue béene redressed without losse of any mans life or other cruell dealing but the duke of Glocester and diuerse other of the nobilitie the lesse that they passed for the kings threatening speach so much more were they readie to punish all those whom they tooke to be their enimies In deed the said sir Simon Burlie was thought to beare himselfe more loftie by reason of the kings fauour than was requisite which procured him enuie of them that could not abide others to be in any condition their equals in authoritie It should appeare by Froissard that he was first of all in the beginning of these stirs betwixt the king and the lords committed to the tower and notwithstanding all the shift that either the king or the duke of Ireland or anie other of his fréends could make for him by the duke of Glocesters commandement he was cruellie beheaded so greatlie to the offense of the king and those that were his trustie councellors that therevpon the king caused the duke of Ireland the sooner to assemble an armie against the said duke and his complices therby â—o râ—sâ—raine their presumptuous proceedings But whether he was thus at the first or last executed to please the king the better now at this parlement amongst others that were condemned in the same his lands were giuen to the king a great part whereof he afterwards disposed to diuerse men as he thought expedient But yet in the parlement holden in the one and twentith yeare of this kings reigne the act of atteindor of the said sir Simon was repealed and at an other parlement holden in the second yeare of king Henrie the fourth all his lands which then remained vngranted and vnsold were restored to sir Iohn Burlie knight sonne and heire of sir Roger Burlie brother to the said Simon of whom lineallie is descended Thomas Eins line 10 esquier now secretarie to the queenes maiesties councell in the north parts And thus far touching sir Simon Burlie of whom manie reports went of his disloiall dealings towards the state as partlie ye haue heard but how trulie the lord knoweth Among other slanderous tales that were spred abroad of him one was that he consented to the deliuering of Douer castell by the kings appointment to the Frenchmen for monie But as this was a thing not like to be true so no doubt manie things that the persons line 20 aforesaid which were executed had béene charged with at the least by common report among the people were nothing true at all although happilie the substance of those things for which they died might be true in some respect Sir William Elmham that was charged also for withdrawing of the soldiers wages discharged himselfe therof and of all other things that might be laid to his charge As touching the iustices they were all condemned to death by the parlement but such line 30 meanes was made for them vnto the queene that she obteined pardon for their liues But they forfeited their lands and goods and were appointed to remaine in perpetuall exile with a certeine portion of monie to them assigned for their dailie sustentation the names of which iustices so condemned to exile were these Robert Belknap Iohn Holt Iohn Craie Roger Fulthorpe William Burgh and Iohn Lokton Finallie in this parlement was an oth required and line 40 obteined of the king that he should stand vnto and abide such rule and order as the lords should take and this oth was not required onelie of the king but also of all the inhabitants of the realme ¶ In these troubles was the realme of England in these daies and the king brought into that case that he ruled not but was ruled by his vncles and other to them associat In the latter end of this eleuenth yeare was the earle of Arundell sent to the sea with a great nauie of ships and men of warre There went with him in line 50 this iournie of noble men the earles of Notingham Deuonshire sir Thomas Percie the lord Clifford the lord Camois sir William Elmham sir Thomas Morieux sir Iohn Daubreticourt sir William Shellie sir Iohn Warwike or Berwike sir Stephan de Liberie sir Robert Sere sir Peter Montherie sir Lewes Clanbow sir Thomas Coque or Cooke sir William Paulie or Paulet diuerse others There were a thousand men of armes and three thousand archers The purpose for which they were sent was to line 60 haue aided the duke of Britaine if he would haue receiued them being then eftsoones run into the French kings displeasure for the imprisoning of the lord Clisson constable of France But after that contrarie to expectation the duke of Britaine was come to an agréement with the French king the earle of Arundell drew with his nauie alongst the coasts of Poictou and Xaintonge till at length he arriued in the hauen that goeth vp to Rochell and landed with his men at Marrant foure leagues from Rochell and began to pilfer spoile and fetch booties abroad in the countrie The Frenchmen within Rochell issued foorth to skirmish with the Englishmen but they were easilie put to flight and folowed euen to the bariers of the gates of Rochell ¶ Perot le Bernois a capteine of Gascoigne that made warre for the king of England in Limosin and lay in the fortresse of Galuset came foorth the same time
worke about the trimming of their armour against the iusts and to prepare all other furniture and things readie as to such an high solemne triumph apperteined The earle of Huntington came to his house and raised men on euerie side and prepared horsse and harnesse for his compassed purpose line 10 and when he had all things readie he departed towards Oxenford and at his comming thither he found all his mates and confederates there well appointed for their purpose except the earle of Rutland by whose follie their practised conspiracie was brought to light and disclosed to king Henrie For this earle of Rutland departing before from Westminster to sée his father the duke of Yorke as he sat at dinner had his counterpane of the indenture of line 20 the confederacie in his bosome The father espieng it would néeds sée what it was and though the sonne humblie denied to shew it the father being more earnest to sée it by force tooke it out of his bosome and perceiuing the contents therof in a great rage caused his horsses to be sadled out of hand and spitefullie reproouing his sonne of treason for whome he was become suertie and mainpernour for his good abearing in open parlement he incontinentlie mounted on horssebacke to ride towards line 30 Windsore to the king to declare vnto him the malicious intent of his complices The earle of Rutland séeing in what danger he stood tooke his horsse and rode another waie to Windsore in post so that he got thither before his father and when he was alighted at the castell gate he caused the gates to be shut saieng that he must néeds deliuer the keies to the king When he came before the kings presence he kneeled downe on his knées beséeching him of mercie and forgiuenesse and declaring the whole line 40 matter vnto him in order as euerie thing had passed obteined pardon Therewith came his father and being let in deliuered the indenture which he had taken from his sonne vnto the king who thereby perceiuing his sonnes words to be true changed his purpose for his going to Oxenford and dispatched messengers foorth to signifie vnto the earle of Northumberland hiâ— high constable and to the earle of Westmerland his high marshall and to other his assured freends of all the doubtfull danger and perillous line 50 ieopardie The conspirators being at Oxenford at length perceiued by the lacke of the earle of Rutland that their enterprise was reuealed to the king and therevpon determined now openlie with speare and shield to bring that to passe which before they couertlie attempted and so they adorned Maudelen a man most resembling king Richard in roiall and princelie vesture and named him to be king Richard affirming that by fauour of his kéepers he was escaped out of line 60 prison and so they came forwards in order of warre to the intent to destroie king Henrie Whilest the confederators with their new published idoll accompanied with a strong armie of men tooke the direct waie towards Windsore king Henrie admonished thereof with a few horssemen in the night came to the Tower of London about twelue of the clocke where in the morning he caused the maior of the citie to apparell in armour the best and most couragious persons of the citie which brought to him thrée thousand archers and thrée thousand bill-men besides them that were appointed to kéepe and defend the citie The conspirators comming to Windsore entered the castell and vnderstanding that the king was gon from thence to London determined with all spéed to make towards the citie but changing that determination as they were on their waie they turned to Colbroke and there staied King Henrie issuing out of London with twentie thousand men came streight to Hunslo heath and there pitched his campe to abide the comming of his enimies but when they were aduertised of the kings puissance amazed with feare and forthinking their begun enterprise as men mistrusting their owne companie departed from thence to Berkhamstéed and so to Circester there the lords tooke their lodging The earle of Kent and the earle of Salisburie in one Inne and the earle of Huntington and lord Spenser in an other and all the host laie in the fields wherevpon in the night season the bailiffe of the towne with fourescore archers set on the house where the erle of Kent and the other laie which house was manfullie assaulted and stronglie defended a great space The earle of Huntington being in an other Inne with the lord Spenser set fire on diuerse houses in the towne thinking that the assailants would leaue the assault and rescue their goods which thing they nothing regarded The host lieng without hearing noise and seeing this fire in the towne thought verelie that king Henrie had béene come thither with his puissance and therevpon fled without measure euerie man making shift to saue himselfe and so that which the lords deuised for their helpe wrought their destruction for if the armie that laie without the towne had not mistaken the matter when they saw the houses on fire they might easilie haue succoured their chéefeteins in the towne that were assailed but with a few of the townesmen in comparison of the great multitude that laie abroad in the fields But such was the ordinance of the mightie Lord of hostes who disposeth althings at his pleasure The earle of Huntington and his companie seeing the force of the townesmen to increase fled out on the backside intending to repaire to the armie which they found dispersed and gone Then the earle seeing no hope of comfort fled into Essex The other lords which were left fighting in the towne of Circester were wounded to death and taken and their heads stricken off and sent to London Thus writeth Hall of this conspiracie in following what author I know not But Thomas Walsingham and diuerse other séeme somewhat to dissent from him in relation of this matter for they write that the conspiratours ment vpon the sudden to haue set vpon the king in the castell of Windsore vnder colour of a maske or mummerie and so to haue dispatched him and restoring king Richard vnto the kingdome to haue recouered their former titles of honour with the possessions which they had lost by iudgement of the last parlement But the king getting knowledge of their pretensed treasons got him with all spéed vnto London The conspirators to wit the earles of Kent and Salisburie sir Rafe Lumlie and others year 1400 supposing that the king had not vnderstood their malicious purpose the first sundaie of the new yeare which fell in the octaues of the Innocents came in the twilight of the euening vnto Windsore with foure hundred armed men where vnderstanding that the king was withdrawne vpon warning had of their purposed intention they foorthwith returnâ—d backe and came first vnto Sunnings a manor place not farre from Reading where the
glorie for committing so heinous an offense against their king and souereigne lord the memorie whereof as they thought would neuer die and cheeflie the citizens of Burdeaux tooke the matter verie sore at the stomach for they bare excéeding fauour to king Richard because he was borne and brought vp in their citie and therefore more than all the residue they shewed themselues to abhorre so heinous a déed The Frenchmen hauing vnderstanding hereof thought with themselues that now was the time for them to practise with the Gascoignes to reduce them from the English obeisance vnder their subiection Herevpon came Lewes duke of Burbon vnto Agen and wrote to diuerse cities and townes on the confines of Guien exhorting them with large promises and faire sugred words to reuolt from the Englishmen and to become subiects to the crowne of France but his trauell preuailed not for the people vnderstanding that the English yoke was but easie in comparison to the French bondage determined to abide rather in their old subiection than for a displeasure irrecouerable to aduenture themselues on a new doubtfull perill yet it was doubted least the cities of Burdeaux Dar and Baion would haue reuolted if the lords of the marches about those places had leaned to them in that purpose for they sent their commissioners to Agen to treate with the duke of Burbon But forsomuch as the lords Pomiers Mucident Duras Landuras Copane Rosem Langurant were minded to continue still English those cities durst not without them turne to the French obeisance for they could not haue stirred out of their gates but those lords would haue béene readie at their elbowes to haue caught them by the sléeues King Henrie being aduertised of the Frenchmans couert meanings and also of the wauering minds of the Gascoignes sent Thomas Persie earle of Worcester with two hundred men of armes and foure hundred archers into Guien to aid and assist sir Robert Knols his lieutenant there The chiefest capteines that accompanied the earle in this iournie were these first his nephue sir Hugh Hastings sir line 10 Thomas Colleuill sir William Lisle Iohn de Graillie base sonne to the capitall de Boeuf sir William Draiton sir Iohn Daubreticourt also there went with him the bishop of London and master Richard Doall or Dolleie The earle at his arriuall so wiselie intreated the noble men so grauelie persuaded the magistrats of the cities and townes and so gentlie and familiarlie vsed and treated the commons that he not onelie appeased their furie and malice but brought them to louing and vniforme obeisance line 20 receiuing of them othes of obedience loiall fealtie which doone he returned againe into England with great thanks The French king perceiuing he could not bring his purpose about neither by inuading England nor by practising with the Gascoignes sent a solemne ambassage into England requiring to haue his daughter the ladie Isabell sometime espoused to king Richard restored to him againe King Henrie gentlie receiued those that were sent to him about this line 30 message and for answer promised to send his commissioners vnto Calis which should further commune and conclude with them ¶ This séemeth dissonant from the report of Fabian deriued out of Gagwine For he saith that Charles hearing of the suppression of K. Richard sent 2 of his houshold knights into England requiring king Henrie the fourth then newlie made king to send home his daughter Isabell latelie married vnto king Richard with such dowrie as with hir was promised In dooing of which line 40 message king Henrie tooke such displeasure that he threw the said two knights in prison where through one of them named Blanchet died in England and the other called Henrie after great sicknesse returned into France wherefore if Fabian plaie not the fabler those that were sent on the said message were not gentlie receiued of king Henrie vnlesse to be cast in prison and discourteouslie dealt withall stand countable for beneuolence gentle interteinment line 50 But to remit this and the like variances among writers to such as can reconcile them let vs returne to the storie It was not inough that K. Henrie was thus troubled now in the first yere of his reigne with ciuill sedition and the couert practises of Frenchmen but that the Scots also tooke vpon them to make open warre against him it chanced as in the Scotish chronicles more at large appeareth that George of Dunbar earle of the marches of Scotland being line 60 in displeasure with Robert king of Scots fled into England to Henrie earle of Northumberland whervpon the Scotish king depriued him of all his dignities and possessions and caused his goods to be confiscate and after wrote to the king of England requiring him if he would haue the truce anie longer to continue either to deliuer into his possession the earle of March and other traitors to his person or else to banish them out of his realmes and dominions King Henrie discréetly answerd the herald of Scotland that the words of a prince ought to be kept and his writings and seale to be inuiolate and considering that he had granted a safe conduct to the earle and his companie he should neither without cause reasonable breake his promise nor yet deface his honor Which answer declared to the king of Scots he incontinentlie proclaimed open warre against the king of England with fire and sword Herevpon one sir Robert Logon a Scotish knight with certeine ships well appointed for the warre meant to haue destroied the English fléet that was come on the coasts of Scotland about Aberdâ—n to fish there but as it chanced he met with certeine ships of Lin that fought with him and tooke him prisoner with the residue of his companie so that he quite failed of his purpose and came to the losse himselfe At the same time the Englishmen spoiled also certeine of the Iles of Orkeneie This summer great death chanced in this land manie dieng of the pestilence wherewith sundrie places were infected King Henrie perceiuing that policie oftentimes preuenteth perill and vnderstanding the naughtie purposes of the Scots gathered a great armie and entred into Scotland burning townes villages and castels with a great part of the townes of Edenburgh and Léeth and besieged the castell of Edenburgh in the end of September whereof was capteine Dauid duke of Rothsaie and a prince of the realme with Archembald earle of Dowglas hauing with them manie hardie men of warre Robert duke of Albanie that was appointed gouernour of the realme because the king was sicke and not méet to rule sent an herald vnto king Henrie promising him battell within six daies at the furthest if he would so long tarrie which king Henrie promised to doo right gladlie and gaue to the herald for bringing him so acceptable newes a gowne of silke and a cheine of gold But king Henrie staied six daies
Warkewoorâ— Wherevpon the earle of Northumberland 〈◊〉 thinking himselfe in suertie at Berwike 〈◊〉 with the lord Berdoise into Scotland where tâ—ey were receiued of Dauid lord Fleming 〈◊〉 king comming to Berwike commanded 〈◊〉 that kept the castell against him to render it â—â—to his hands and when they flatlie denied so to doo he caused a péece of artillerie to be planted against one of the towers and at the first shot ouerthrowing part thereof they within were put in such feare that they simplie yéelded themselues without any maner of condition wholie to remaine at the kings pleasure Herevpon the chiefest of them to wit sir William Greistoke sonne to Rafe baron of Greistoke sir Henrie Beinton and Iohn Blenkinsop with foure or fiue other were put to death and diuerse other were kept in prison Some write that the earle of Northumberland at his entring into Scotland deliuered the towne of Berwike vnto the Scots who hearing of king Henries approch and despairing to defend the towne against him set fire on it and departed There was not one house that was left vnburnt except the friers and the church After that the king had disposed things in such conuenient order as stood with his pleasure at Berwike he came backe and had the castell of Alnewike deliuered vnto him with all other the castels that belonged to the erle of Northumberland in the north parts as Prodhow Langlie Cockermouth Aluham and Newstéed Thus hauing quieted the north parts he tooke his iournie directlie into Wales where he found fortune nothing fauourable vnto him for all his attempts had euill successe in somuch that loâ—â—ng fiftie of his cariages through abundance of raine and waters he returned and comming to Worcester he sent for the archbishop of Canturburie and other bishops declaring to them the misfortune that had chanced to him in consideration whereof he requested them to helpe him with some portion of monie towards the maintenance of his warres for the taming of the presumptuous and vnquiet Welshmen In the meane time the French king had appointed one of the marshals of France called Montmerancie and the master of his crosbowes with twelue line 10 thousand men to saile into Wales to aid Owen Glendouer They tooke shipping at Brest and hauing the wind prosperous landed at Milford hauen with an hundred and fourtie ships as Thomas Walsingham saith though Enguerant de Monstrellet maketh mention but of an hundred and twentie The most part of their horsses were lost by the waie for lacke of fresh water The lord Berkleie and Henrie Paie espieng their aduantage burnt fiftéene of those French ships as they laie at road there in the hauen line 20 of Milford and shortlie after the same lord Berkleie and sir Thomas Swinborne with the said Henrie Paie tooke other fourtéene ships as they came that waie with prouision of vittels and munition foorth of France to the aid of the other In the meane while the marshall Montmerancie with his armie besieged the towne of Carmarden and wan it by composition granting to the men of warre that kept it against him licence to depart whither they would to take with them all their mooueable line 30 goods the castell of Penbroke they assaulted not estéeming it to be so well manned that they shuld but lose their labour in attempting it Notwithstanding they besieged the towne of Hereford west which neuerthelesse was so well defended by the earle of Arundell and his power that they lost more than they wan and so they departed towards the towne of Denbigh where they found Owen Glendouer abiding for their comming with ten thousand of his Welshmen Here were the Frenchmen ioifullie receiued line 40 of the Welsh rebels and so when all things were prepared they passed by Glamorganshire towards Worcester and there burnt the suburbes but hearing of the kings approch they suddenlie returned towards Wales The king with a great puissance followed and found them imbattelled on a high mounteine where there was a great vallie betwixt both the armies so that either armie might plainelie perceiue the other and either host looked to be assailed of his aduersarie line 50 therefore sought to take the aduantage of ground Thus they continued for the space of eight daies from morning till night readie to abide but not to giue battell There were manie skirmishes and diuerse proper feats of armes wrought in that meane while in the which the French lost manie of their nobles and gentlemen as the lord Paâ—rouâ—tars de Tries brother to the marshall of France the lord Matelonne or Martelonne the lord de la Ualle and the bastard of Bourbon with other to the number line 60 as some haue written of fiue hundred But Enguerant de Monstrellet affirmeth that vpon their returne into France there wanted not aboue thréescore persons of all their companies After they had laine thus one against an other the space of eight daies as before is said vittels began to faile so that they were inforced to dislodge The French and Welshmen withdrew into Wales and though the Englishmen followed yet impeached with the desart grounds and barren countrie thorough which they must passe as our felles and craggie mounteins from hill to dale from marish to wood from naught to woorsse as Hall saith without vittels or succour the king was of force constrâ—â—ned to retire with his armie and returne againe to Worcester in which returne the enimies tooke certeine cariages of his laden with vittels The Frenchmen after the armies were thus withdrawne returned into Britaine making small brags of their painefull iournie This yeare at London the earle of Arundell maried the bastard daughter of the king of Portingale the king of England and the quéene with their presenâ—â— honoring the solemnitie of that feast which was kept with all sumptuous roialtie the morrow after saint Katharins daie ¶ And on the daie of the Conception of our ladie the ladie Philip king Henries daughter was proclamed quéene of Denmarke Norwaie and Sweden in presence of such ambassadors as the last summer came hither from the king of those countries to demand hir in marriage for him and had so trauelled in the matter that finallie they obteined it ¶ On the daie of the translation of saint Martine the towne of Roiston was on fire This yeare the first of March a parlement began which continued almost all this yeare year 1406 for after that in the lower house they had denied a long time to grant to any subsidie yet at length a little before Christmasse in the eight yeare of his reigne they granted a fifteenth to the losse and great damage of the communaltie for through lingering of time the expenses of knights and burgesses grew almost in value to the summe that was demanded Moreouer by the clergie a new kind of subsidie was granted to the king to be leuied of stipendarie priests and
knowledge of his approch durst not abide to trie the matter with him by a pight field but fled before he came néere them The earle in his returne wan the castell of Montdublean by surrender where he left the valiant lord Willoughbie and then returned to Paris During which season he was ordeined by the thrée estates of the realme of England to be gouernour of the yoong king in the place of the duke of Excester deceassed howbeit he did not as yet returne into England line 60 but remained in France for a season and atchieued manie worthie enterprises Whilest the lord regent of France was thus in England meanes was made by the duke of Burgognie for the deliuerie of the duke of Alanson taken at the battell of Uernoile and now for the summe of two hundred thousand crownes he was set at libertie but he would not by anie meanes acknowlege the king of England to be his liege and souereigne lord After that the duke of Bedford had set all things in good order in England year 1427 he tooke leaue of the king and togither with his wife returned into France first landing at Calis where the bishop of Winchester that also passed the seas with him râ—ceiued the habit hat and dignitie of a cardinall with all ceremonies to it apperteining which promotion the late K. right déeplie persing into the vnrestrainable ambitious mind of the man that euen from his youth was euer to checke at the highest and also right well ascerteined with what intollerable pride his head should soone be swollen vnder such a hat did therefore all his life long kéepe this prelat backe from that presumptuous estate But now the king being yoong and the regent his fréend he obteined his purpose to his great profit and the impouerishing of the spiritualtie of this realme For by a bull legantine which he purchased from Rome he gathered so much treasure that no man in maner had monie but he so that he was called the rich cardinall of Winchester After that the lord regent was arriued in France the lord of Rustinian marshall of Britaine assembled a great companie of the British nation which fortified and repared the towne of Pontorson and after the said marshall with a thousand men entered into the countrie of Constantine and comming before the towne of Auranches was incountered by the Englishmen of that garrison after long fight his people were put to the worse chased and discomfited and he himselfe taken prisoner in the field The duke of Bedford hearing that the towne of Pontorson situate within two leagues of Mont Saint Michaell was newlie fortified and stronglie defended sent thither the earle of Warwike accompanied with the lord Scales and other valiant capteins and souldiers to the number of seauen thousand men to besiege the towne who so inuironed it on euerie side that no man could steale neither in nor out The siege thus long continuing vittels began to wax scant in the English armie wherefore the lord Scales hauing in his companie sir Iohn Harpeleie bailiffe of Constantine sir William Brearton bailiffe of Caen sir Rafe Tesson sir Iohn Carbonell and three thousand good men of warre departed from the siege to get vittels powder and other things necessarie for their purpose And as they were returning with their cariages by the sea coast néere to Saint Michaels Mount they suddenlie were incountered by their enimies whereof were chéefe the baron of Coloses the lord Dausebost capteine of the said Mount the lord Mountabon the lord Montburchier the lord of Chateaugiron the lord of Tintignat the lord of Chateaubrian with six thousand men of warre The lord Scales and his companie perceiuing themselues beset on the one side with the sea on the other with their enimies alighted from their horsses and like couragious persons there in an vnspeakeable furie set on their enimies The fight was fierce cruell The Englishmen kept themselues close togither so that their enimies could get no aduantage of them At the last the lord Scales cried S. George they flée Wherevpon the Englishmen tooke such courage and the Frenchmen that fought before were so dismaied that they began to flee in deed The Englishmen leaped on horsse-backe and followed them so that they slue and tooke aboue eleuen hundred persons among the which were taken the baron of Coloses the vicount of Rone and others The lord of Chateaugiron with a Scotish capteine diuerse other men of name were slaine After this victorie the lord Scales with his vittels prouision and prisoners returned to the siege where he was of the earle and other noble men ioiouslie receiued Whilest the siege continued thus before Pontorson Christopher Hanson and other souldiers of the garrison of Saint Susan made a rode into the countrie of Aniou and came to a castell called Ramfort which castell was so priuilie scaled that the capteine within and his companie were taken or slaine before they knew of their enimies approching When knowledge hereof was giuen vnto the Frenchmen which were assembled to the number of twentie thousand to raise the siege that laie before Pontorson they left that enterprise and went to recouer the said castell of Ramfort and so comming before it planted their siege so on ech side of it that at length by composition the Englishmen within doubting to be taken by force rendered vp the castell hauing libertie to depart line 10 with bag and baggage Shortlie after the lord of Raix calling himselfe lieutenant generall for the Dolphin entred into Maine with an armie of three thousand men and by force tooke the castell of Malicorne wherof was capteine an Englishman one Oliuer Osbatersbie In like maner they tooke the little castell of Lude and therein William Blackborne lieutenant for William Glasdale esquier After this the Frenchmen returned backe to the Dolphin and kept not on their line 20 iourneie to Pontorson for that they vnderstood by espials that the earle of Warwike and the Englishmen there determined to giue them battell if they once attempted to raise the siege They within the towne being streictlie besieged perceiuing no likelihood of succours and seeing the English armie dailie increase fell to treatie for doubt to be taken by force and so rendered the towne vpon condition that they might depart with horsse and harnesse onelie Which being granted to them the erle like a valiant line 30 capteine entered into the towne and there appointed for gouernors the lord Ros and the lord Talbot and leauing there a conuenient garrison returned to the lord regent After the taking of this towne of Pontorson there was a league and treatie concluded betwéene the regent and the duke of Britaine by the articles of which agréement the townes of Pontorson and saint Iames de Beuuron were beaten downe to the ground and raced When the lord of Raix was line 40 departed out of Maine as ye haue heard Christopher Hanson Philip
lodging The duke of Burgognie on the other part being lord and souereigne of the towne iudged it as much vnméet for him to go to the regent where he was lodged Howbeit by intreatie of fréends to meet in a place indifferent betweene both their lodgings was appointed which offer not accepted both parties departed discontent and neuer after saw nor communed togither Thus by the proud disdaine enuious discord of these two high stomached princes Bedford not minding to haue anie péere and Burgognie not willing to abide anie superior shortlie after England much lost and Burgognie greatlie gained not as by the sequeale may appeare The bastard of Orleance called the earle of Dunois the lord Rochford marshall of France with other in the beginning of this thirtéenth yeare tooke the towne of S. Denis by treason skirmished with them of Paris and leauing behind them a great garrison tooke the towne of Howdone and Pont saint Maxence by composition And at the same time was the towne of Pont Meulan taken by the sudden scaling of two fishermen who entered vp at a common priuie standing in the wall Thus warre continuallie lasted betwixt these two mightie nations English and French within the realme of France than which therefore no countrie thought more miserable And though the poore people and inhabitants of the good townes and villages susteined most losse in their substance yet the men of warre oftentimes paied déerest for the bargaine being daily slaine wounded and taken prisoners for warre seldome beareth anie other fruit It may serue verie well here to recount how somewhat before these daies Martin the fift in the fiftéenth yeare of his popedome An. 1431 agreeing vpon a generall councell to be holden at Basill the same yeare did anon after deceasse whom Eugenie the fourth succéeding and liking right well of the time and place by his authoritie signified and sent with Iulian Cesarine his legat did confirme the choise Wherevpon as the councell the ninetéenth of Iulie the same 1431 was there begun and his holinesse soone after aduertised how malapertlie his ghostlie children had imbusied themselues in checking at their holie fathers faults and about reformation of his church at Rome his sublimitie therat highlie offended for great cause it had commanded his legat by and by to dissolue that synod and in his name to appoint a new at Ferrar and so come his waie vnder colour forsooth how that place was méetest for the prelats of the Gréeke church who had to confer with the Latine councell about points of religion wherein they long had remained at square But these Basilien clerks there still fastlie conteining themselues so smallie regarded this summons of Eugenie who then with his prelats as the time was run on vpon prorogation from Ferrar kept an other councell at Florence 1439 as by a confident countermand cited Eugenie all his cardinals to come to them at their solemne set councell at Basill Which his supremasie for so best became it notwithstanding sundrie citations vtterlie contemning to doo they soone after like verie impious imps first for contumacie accurssed his holie fatherhood then depriued him of his papasie and out of hand chose another in his office one Amedeus late duke of Sauoie who afore that time hauing giuen vp his possessions dignitie vnto his children became an heremite in a monasterie of his own building by mount Geuenna in Sauoie nigh the lake Leman where he by title of Decanus militum Iesu Christi and ten more of nobilitie with him had setled themselues to liue The vertuous minded man thus chosen pope by spirituall counsell inueigled lest the holie life such as it was that he had profest tooke the papasie vpon him the same 1439 and called Felix the fift which promotion yet he not long inioied For after by his successour Nicholas the fifts ambition that had suborned emperour Frederike to be a worker in the matter this sillie Amedeus was coosined of his popes golden crowne for a cardinals felt hat Then good man at last could he find whether were néerer to christen profession the life of a vertuous prince ruling in iustice of a solitarie heremite vertuouslie occupied of an imperious pope that may know no péere or of a licentious cardinall to liue as he liâ—t This poore prince had experience of all then knew the best when well might he lament him but too late repent him And in the fift yeare of this Basilien councell that had a continuance of eleuen yeare whereof an eight were run yer Felix was chosen in which Eugenie remaining pope still though of curst hart he neuer came at them motion was made among Sigismund the emperour and other christen kings who for appeasing this schisme betwéene the pope and his prelats were all present by person or proxie that sith such horror of bloudshed betwéene the two nations line 10 continuallie so lamentablie raged in France some mediation might be made for accord whereof one thing seemed to minister occasion of the more hope bicause the duke of Burgognie was willing so that it were not of his owne sute to returne and reconcile himselfe with the French king his mortall enimie and ancient aduersarie Héerevpon by authoritie of this generall councell two graue prelats the one Nicholas Albergat a Carthusian frier intituled a préest cardinall of the line 20 holie crosse the other Hugh Lusignan a Cyprian Gréeke bishop cardinall of Prenest in Italie came to the towne of Arras in Arthois whither were sent from the king of England Henrie Beauford cardinall of Winchester Henrie archbishop of Yorke William de la Poole earle of Suffolke and Iohn Holland earle of Huntington with diuerse other knights and esquiers And for the French king were there present Charles duke of Bourbon Lewes erle of Uandosme Arthur of Britaine constable of line 30 France the archbishop of Reimes and sir Philip Harecourt The duke of Burgognie was there in proper person accompanied with the duke of Guelders and the earles of Estampes Lignie S. Paule Uaudemont Neures and Daniell sonne to the prince of Orange with a great gard and a gallant companie Upon the daie of the first session the cardinall of S. Crosse declared to the thrée parties the innumerable mischeefes that had followed to the whole state of line 40 the christian common-wealth by their continuall dissention and dailie discord exhorting them for the honour of God for the loue which they ought to beare towards the aduancement of his faith and true religion to conforme themselues to reason and to laie aside all rancor malice and displeasure so that in concluding a godlie peace they might receiue profit and quietnesse heere in this world and of God an euerlasting reward in heauen After this admonition and line 50 diuerse daies of communication euerie partie brought in their demands which were most contrarie and farre from anie likelihood of comming to a good conclusion The
liege men First praieng and beséeching to our souereigne Christ Iesus of his high and mightie power to giue you vertue of prudence and that through the praier of the glorious martyr S. Albon giue you verie knowledge of our truths and to know the intent of our assembling at this time for God that is in heauen knoweth our intent is rightfull and true And therefore we praie vnto that mightie Lord in these words Domine sis clypeus defensionis nostrae Wherfore gratious lord please it your maiestie roiall to deliuer such as we will accuse and they to haue like as they haue deserued and this doone you to be honorablie worshipped as most rightfull king and our true gouernour And if we should now at this time be promised as afore this time is not vnknowen haue béene promises broken which haue béene full faithfullie promised and therevpon great othes sworne we will not now ceasse for no such promises nor oth till we haue them which haue deserued death or else we to die therefore The answer by the king to the duke of Yorke I King Henrie charge and command that no manner person of what degrée estate or what condition soeuer he be abide not but that they auoid the field and not be so hardie to make resistance against me in my owne realme For I shall know what traitour dare be so bold to raise anie people in mine owne land wherethrough I am in great disease and heauines By the faith I owe vnto S. Edward and vnto the crowne of England I shall destroie them euerie mothers sonne and eke they to be hanged drawne and quartered that may be taken afterward of them in example to make all such traitors to beware for to make anie rising of people within mine owne land and so traitorouslie to abide their king and gouernour And for a conclusion rather than they shall haue anie lord that here is with me at this time I shall this day for their sake in this quarell my selfe liue and die The words of the duke of Yorke to all gentlemen and other assembled with him SIrs the king our souereigne lord will not be reformed at our beseeching ne praier nor will not in no wise vnderstand the intent wherfore we be here assembled and gathered at this time but onelie is in full purpose to destroie vs all And thervpon a great oth hath made line 10 that there is none other waie but that he with all his power will pursue vs and if we be taken to giue vs a shamefull death léesing our liuelod and goods and also our heires shamed for euer Therefore sirs now sith it will none otherwise be but that we shall vtterlie die better it is for vs to die in the field than cowardlie to be put to an vtter rebuke and shamefull death for the right of England standeth in vs. Considering also in what perill it standeth at this time and for to redresse the mischéefe thereof let euerie line 20 man helpe to his power this daie and in that quarell to quite vs like men to the crowne of England praieng and beséeching vnto that Lord the which is eternall thâ—t reigneth in the glorious kingdome celestiall to kéepe and saue vs this daie in our right and through the gifts of his holie grace we may be made strong to withstand the great abhominable and horrible malice of them that purpose to destroie vs and the realme of England and put vs to a shamefull death Praie we therefore to the Lord to be our comfort line 30 and our defendour saieng these words Domine sis clypeus defensionis nostrae But another historie-writer saith that the king when first he heard of the duke of Yorks approch sent to him messengers the duke of Buckingham and others to vnderstand what he meant by his comming thus in maner of warre The duke of Buckingham to his message was answered by the duke of Yorke and his complices that they were all of line 40 them the kings faithfull liege subiects and intended no harme to him at all but the cause of our comming saie they is not in meaning anie hurt to his person But let that wicked and naughtie man the duke of Summerset be deliuered vnto vs who hath lost Normandie and taken no regard to the preseruation of Gascoigne and furthermore hath brought the realme vnto this miserable estate that where it was the floure of nations and the princesse of prouinces now is it haled into desolation spoile not line 50 so dreadfull by malice of forren enimie that indéed vtterlie as yee know seeketh our ruine as by the intollerable outrages of him that so long ago euen still appeares to haue sworne the confusion of our king and realme If it therefore please the king to deliuer that bad man into our hands we are readie without trouble or breach of peace to returne into our countrie But if the king be not minded so to do bicause he cannot misse him let him vnderstand that we will rather die in the field than suffer such a mischéefe line 60 vnredressed The king aduertised of this answer more wilfull than tollerable appointed him rather to trie battell than deliuer the duke of Summerset to his enimies Whereof they ascerteined made no longer staie but streightwaie sounded the trumpet to battell or rather as Hall saith while king Henrie sent foorth his ambassadours to treat of peace at the one end of the towne the earle of Warwike with his Marchmen entred at the other end and fiercelie setting on the kings fore-ward within a small time discomfited the same The place where they first brake into the towne was about the middle of saint Peters stréet The fight for a time was right sharpe and cruell for the duke of Summerset with the other lords comming to the succours of their companions that were put to the woorse did what they could to beat backe the enimies but the duke of Yorke sent euer fresh men to succour the wearie and to supplie the places of them that were hurt whereby the kings armie was finallie brought low and all the cheefteins of the field slaine and beaten downe For there died vnder the signe of the castell Edmund duke of Summerset who as hath béene reported was warned long before to auoid all castels and beside him laie Henrie the second of that name earle of Northumberland Humfrie earle of Stafford sonne to the duke of Buckingham Iohn lord Clifford sir Barthram Antwisell knight a Norman borne who forsaking his natiue countrie to continue in his loiall obedience to king Henrie came ouer to dwell here in England when Normandie was lost William Zouch Iohn Boutreux Rafe Bapthorp with his sonne William Corwin William Cotton Gilbert Faldinger Reginald Griffon Iohn Dawes Elice Wood Iohn Eith Rafe Woodward Gilbert Skarlock and Rafe Willoughbie esquiers with manie other in all to the number of eight thousand as Edward Hall saith in his chronicle
protesting they meant no harme in the world against his person as by their demeanors and proceedings it might well appeare who had euer fled withdrawne themselues from place to place from towne to towne from village to village and from countie to countie Which line 40 might serue for an euident token that they sought for nothing but onelie their owne safegards quietnesse of the realme with so much fauour as in good and safe suertie they might come to his presence to declare certeine things which in their opinions might turne to the wealth of the realme and further to make answer to all things that had béene obiected against them And now said they we are here remaining in the vttermost parts of the land that is in the marches towards Wales not farre from Ludlow line 50 not vpon anie presumptuous meaning but rather in all humble lowlinesse of mind and bodie to abide his graces comming which they besought of God might be in some peaceable maner and fauourable in their behalfes The king hauing receiued this letter and coniecturing that some bitter meaning laie vnder so swéet a spéech cōmanded his armie againe to march foorth and comming within halfe a mile of the aduersaries campe pitched downe his field and foorthwith caused line 60 proclamation to be made that who so euer of his aduersaries would giue ouer his lewd begun enterprise and repaire to his presence to sue for mercie he would pardon him of all offenses This proclamation comming to the vnderstanding of them in the duke of Yorks hoast caused a great number that were there with him against the king to get awaie come to the kings side Moreouer there rose among the residue great murmuring so as they séemed verie like to grow to a gréeuous mutinie Amongst other of those that came to the kings campe Andrew Trollop was chéefe who with the other Calisians which had long serued the king and liued a long time by his wages perceiuing now that they should fight against their souereigne lord himselfe whose true subiect they estéemed before that time the earle of Warwike euer to haue beene and in no wise his enimie in the dead of the night before the daie of the battell secretlie departed from the dukes campe and submitted themselues to the king admonishing him of all things deuised against him Wherof part was that the duke of Yorke by his expert capteins appointed vpon a waie how to set vpon his enimies easilie to discomfit them so as on the next morning he meant to haue assailed the king and his people yer they could haue béene readie or warie of his comming But now by the going awaie thus of his capteins and people that purpose was disappointed And Andrew Trollop thus departed he was now as much discomforted as before by trust in him he was incouraged for all his counsell and purpose by Andrew disclosed he thought it better for him his to depart in suertie than to abide the imminent danger Whervpon he with his yoonger sonne Edmund earle of Rutland secretlie fled into Wales and so passed into Ireland where he was with all ioy and honour gladlie receiued all the Irish offering to liue and die with him as if they had béene his liege subiects and he their lord and prince naturallie borne The earle of March sonne and heire apparant to the said duke accompanied with the earles of Salisburie and Warwike and sir Iohn Wenlocke got awaie the same night and came into Deuonshire where by the meanes of Iohn Dinham esquier which after was high treasuror of England in the daies of king Henrie the seauenth they bought a ship which cost a hundred and ten marks at Exmouth and sailed into Gerneseie after came to Calis where being let in at the posterne they were ioifullie welcomed of their fréends namelie of sir William Neuill lord Fauconbridge that was the earle of Warwikes vncle and brother to the earle of Salisburie who had the towne and castell in kéeping All these being assembled cast their heads togither and euerie one seuerallie had his deuise for the perfecting of their purpose whereto there wanted in them neither will nor hardinesse But now to returne to the king When in the morning he was aduertised that the duke of Yorke and his partakers were fled and gone he caused all his horssemen to follow them although in vaine for they were got farre enough out of danger as before ye haue heard The king pardoned all the poore souldiers sauing certeine ringleaders of the which some he punished and fined and some he hanged and quartered After this he remooued to Ludlow and there brake vp his host and spoiling the towne and castell he sent the duchesse of Yorke with hir two yoong sonnes to be kept in ward with the duchesse of Buckingham hir sister This doone he proclamed these lords traitors to him enimies to their countrie and rebels to the crowne confiscating their lands goods and offices and committed the gouernance of the north parts to the earle of Northumberland and to the lord Clifford as to his trustie and most faithfull fréends of his towne of Calis he made capteine Henrie the new duke of Summerset This duke reioising much in his new office those foorth diuerse valiant and hardie souldiers and with great pompe shortlie after tooke the seas and sailed towards Calis But when he thought to haue entered the hauen the artillerie shot so hotlie both out of the towne and from Risebanke that he suffering there a sore repulse was faine to land at Whitsandbaie and sent word to the capteins of the towne to receiue him as the kings lieutenant shewing to them his letters patents But neither he nor his writing was once regarded and so of necessitie he resorted to the castell of Guisnes dailie skirmishing with the garrison of Calis more to his losse than gaine Diuerse of the mariners of those ships that went ouer with him after his arriuall owing more good will to the earle of Warwike than to this yoong duke conueied their ships into the hauen of Calis and in them diuerse of the earle of Warwikes enimies as Iamin Findill Iohn Felow and diuerse others the which being presented vnto the earle of line 10 Warwike he caused their heads foorthwith to be striken off Shortlie after Richard lord Riuers and sir Anthonie Wooduile his valiant sonne that was after lord Scales accompanied with foure hundred warlike persons were appointed to passe ouer to Guisnes to aid the duke of Summerset against his aduersaries which laie in Calis But as they soiourned at Sandwich abiding for wind and weather to transport them ouer the earles of March and Warwike line 20 had knowledge thereof and sent Iohn Dinham with a small number of men but a multitude of valiant hearts vnto the towne of Sandwich which suddenlie entered the same and tooke the lord Riuers and his sonne also in their beds
towne a great sort were drowned Manie ran towards the towne some to the church and diuerse to the abbeie and other to other places where they thought best to saue themselues This was the last fought field or pight battell tried betwéene the potentats of this land in king Edward the fourths daies which chanced on the fourth of Maie being saturdaie in the eleauenth yeare of his reigne and in the yeare of our Lord 1471 as Anglorum praelia affirmeth saieng Vltima postremae locus est Teuxburia pugnae In the winning of the campe such as stood to it were slaine out of hand Prince Edward was taken as he fled towards the towne by sir Richard Crofts and kept close In the field and chase were slaine the lord Iohn of Summerset called marquesse Dorset Thomas Courtenie earle of Deuonshire sir Iohn Delues sir Edward Hampden sir Robert Whitingham and sir Iohn Leukener with thrée thousand others After the field was ended proclamation was made that whosoeuer could bring foorth prince Edward aliue or dead should haue an annuitie of a hundred pounds during his life and the princes life to be saued if he were brought foorth aliue Sir Richard Crofts nothing mistrusting the kings promise brought foorth his prisoner prince Edward being a faire and well proportioned yoong gentleman whom when king Edward had well aduised he demanded of him how he durst so presumptuouslie enter into his realme with banner displaied Wherevnto the prince boldlie answered saieng To recouer my fathers kingdome heritage from his father and grandfather to him and from him after him to me lineallie descended At which words king Edward said nothing but with his hand thrust him from him or as some saie stroke him with his gantlet whom incontinentlie George duke of Clarence Richard duke of Glocester Thomas Greie marquesse Dorcet and William lord Hastings that stood by suddenlie murthered for the which cruell act the more part of the dooers in their latter daies dranke of the like cup by the righteous iustice and due punishment of God His bodie was homelie interred with the other simple corpses in the church of the monasterie of blacke monks in Teukesburie After the victorie was thus atchiued the king repaired to the abbeie church there to giue God thanks for that good successe which it had pleased him to blesse him with and there finding a great number of his enimies that were fled thither to saue themselues he gaue them all his free pardon albeit there was no franchise there for rebels but that he might haue commanded them to haue béene drawen foorth without breach of anie liberties of that church He granted also that the dead bodies as well of the lords as other slaine in that battell might be buried in the same church or else where it pleased their freends or seruants without anie quartering heading or setting vp the heads or quarters in any publike places O the patience and clemencie of this good king who besides the putting vp of wrongs doone to him by violence of foes without vengeance fréelie forgaue the offendors and did so honorablie temper his affections There were found in the abbeie and other places of the towne Edmund duke of Summerset Iohn Lonstrother lord prior of S. Iohn sir Thomas Tressham sir Gerueis Clifton and diuerse other knights and esquiers which were apprehended and all of them being brought before the duke of Glocester sitting as constable of England and the duke of Norffolke as marshall in the middest of the towne they were arreigned condemned and iudged to die and so vpon the tuesdaie being the seuenth of Maie the said duke and the lord prior with the two forenamed knights and twelue other knights were on a scaffold set vp in the middle of the towne for that purpose beheaded and permitted to be buried without anie other dismembring or setting vp of their heads in anie one place or other The same tuesdaie the king departed from Teukesburie towards Worcester and by the waie had knowledge that quéene Margaret was found in a poore house of religion not far from thence into the which she was withdrawen for safegard of hir selfe on saturdaie in the morning being the daie of the battell She was after brought to London as prisoner and so kept till hir father ransomed hir with great summes of monie which he borowed of Lewes the eleuenth king of France And bicause he was not able to make repaiment thereof he sold vnto the said Lewes as the French writers affirme the kingdomes of Naples and both the Sicils with the countie of Prouance King Edward being at Worcester had aduertisements brought foorth of the north-parts that the people there were about to assemble in armour against him in fauour of king Henrie line 10 wherevpon he left the right way to London and rode to Couentrie meaning to increase the number of his people and so with a puissant armie to go northwards Herevpon comming to Couentrie the eleuenth of Maie and remaining there thrée daies he well refreshed such as had béene with him at Teukesburie field Hither was brought to him queene Margaret from whence she was conueied to London there to remaine in safe keeping as before you haue hard line 20 Whilest he was busie in sending abroad vnto his friends to leauie an armie he was aduertised that the commotion in the north was pacified For after it was knowen abroad how he obteined the victorie as well at Teukesburie as at Barnet and in manner subdued all his enimies the capteins that had stirred the people to that rebellion began to quaile and forsooke their companies Diuerse of them made sute to the earle of Northumberland that it might please him to be a mediator line 30 to the king for their pardon so that now there was no rebellion in all the north parts but that as well the citie of Yorke as all other places were at the kings commandement readie in all things to obeie him as true and loiall subiects And this was confirmed by the earle of Northumberlands owne mouth who on the fouretéenth of Maie came to the king as yet remaining at Couentrie by reason whereof it was not thought néedfull that the king should trauell anie further northward at that time line 40 either about the pacifieng of the people or to see execution doone vpon the offendors sith all was there in good tranquillitie and quiet But now when all things séemed to be at rest and no rebellion after so happie victories doubted newes came to him before his cōming to Couentrie from the lords of his bloud abiding at London that one Thomas Neuill bastard sonne to that valiant capteine the lord Thomas Fauconbridge who had latelie before beene sent to the sea by the earle of Warwike line 50 and after fallen to practise pirasie had spoiled diuerse merchants ships Portingals and others in breach of the ancient amitie that long had continued betwixt the
would haue said bicause he ended with the king and there so suddenlie stopped and exhorted him so familiarlie betweene them twaine to be bold to saie whatsoeuer he thought whereof he faithfullie promised there should neuer come hurt and peraduenture more good than he would weene and that himselfe intended to vse his faithfull secret aduise counsell which he said line 10 was the onelie cause for which he procured of the king to haue him in his custodie where he might reckon himselfe at home and else had he béene put in the hands of them with whome he should not haue found the like fauour The bishop right humblie thanked him and said In good faith my lord I loue not to talke much of princes as a thing not all out of perill though the word be without fault forsomuch as it shall not be taken as the partie ment it but as it pleaseth the prince to construe it line 20 And euer I thinke on Aesops tale that when the lion had proclaimed that on paine of death there should no horned beast abide in that wood one that had in his forehed a bunch of flesh fled awaie a great pace The for that saw him run so fast asked him whither he made all that hast And he answered In faith I neither wote nor recke so I were once hence bicause of this proclamation made of horned beasts What foole quoth the fox thou maiest abide well inough the lion ment not by thée for it is no horne line 30 that is in thine head No marie quoth he that wote I well inough But what and he call it an horne where am I then The duke laughed merilie at the tale and said My lord I warrant you neither the lion nor the bore shall pike anie matter at anie thing héere spoken for it shall neuer come néere their eare In good faith sir said the bishop if it did the thing that I was about to say taken as well as afore God I ment it could deserue but thanke and yet taken line 40 as I wéene it would might happen to turne me to to little good and you to lesser Then longed the duke yet much more to wit what it was Wherevpon the bishop said In good faith my lord as for the late protector sith he is now king in possession I purpose not to dispute his title but for the weale of this realme whereof his grace hath now the gouernance and whereof I am my selfe one poore member I was about to wish that to those good habilities whereof he hath alreadie right manie little néeding line 50 my praise it might yet haue pleased God for the better store to haue giuen him some of such other excellent vertues meet for the rule of a realme as our Lord hath planted in the person of your grace and there left againe The duke somewhat maruelling at his sudden pauses as though they were but parentheses with a high countenance said My lord I euidentlie perceiue and no lesse note your often breathing and sudden stopping in your communication so that to my line 60 intelligence your words neither come to anie direct or perfect sentence in conclusion whereby either I might perceiue and haue knowledge what your inward intent is now toward the king or what affection you beare toward me For the comparison of good qualities ascribed to vs both for the which I my selfe acknowledge and recognise to haue none nor looke for no praise of anie creature for the same maketh me not a little to muse thinking that you haue some other priuie imagination by loue or by grudge ingrauen and imprinted in your heart which for feare you dare not or for childish shamefastnesse you be abashed to disclose and reueale and speciallie to mee being your fréend which on my honor doo assure you to be as secret in this case as the deafe and dumbe person is to the singer or the tree to the hunter The bishop being somewhat bolder considering the dukes promise but most of all animated and incouraged bicause he knew the duke desirous to bee exalted and magnified and also he perceiued the inward hatred and priuie rancor which he bare toward king Richard was now boldened to open his stomach euen to the verie bottome intending thereby to compasâ—◠〈◊〉 to destroie and vtterlie confound king Richaâ—â— and to depriue him of his dignitie roiall or else to set the duke so on fire with the desire of ambition that he himselfe might be safe and escape out of all danger and perill Which thing he brought shortlie to conclusion both to the kings destruction and the dukes confusion and to his owne safegard and finallie to his high promotion And so as I said before vpon trust and confidence of the dukes promise the bishop said My singular good lord since the time of my captiuitie which being in your graces custodie I may rather call it a liberall libertie more than a streict imprisonment in auoiding idlenesse mother and nourisher of all vices in reading bookes and ancient pamphlets I haue found this sentence written that no man is borne frée and in libertie of himselfe onelie for one part of dutie he oweth or should owe to his parents for his procreation by a verie naturall instinct and filiall courtesie another part to his fréends and kinsfolke for proximitie of bloud and naturall amitie dooth euerie dutie chalenge and demand but the natiue countrie in the which he tasted first the swéet aires of this pleasant and flattering world after his natiuitie demandeth as a debt by a naturall bond neither to be forgotten nor yet to be put in obliuion Which saieng causeth me to consider in what case this realme my natiue countrie now standeth and in what estate and assurance before this time it hath continued what gouernour we now haue and what ruler we might haue For I plainelie perceiue the realme being in this case must needs decaie and be brought to vtter confusion and finall extermination But one hope I haue incorporat in my brest that is when I consider and in my mind doo diligentlie remember and dailie behold your noble personage your iustice and indifferencie your feruent zeale and ardent loue toward your naturall countrie and in like manner the loue of your countrie toward you the great learning pregnant wit and goodlie eloquence which so much dooth abound in the person of your grace I must needs thinke this realme fortunate yea twise more than fortunate which hath such a prince in store méet and apt to be a gouernour in whose person being indued with so manie princelie qualities consisteth and resteth the verie vndoubted similitude and image of true honour But on the other side when I call to memorie the good qualities of the late protector and now called king so violated and subuerted by tyrannie so changed and altered by vsurped authoritie so clouded and shadowed by blind and insatiable ambition yea and so suddenlie in manner by
that he being succoured and holpen with the aid and reliefe of his fréends intended to passe ouer the riuer of Seuerne at Shrewesburie and so to passe directlie to the citie of London Wherefore he required them as his speciall trust and confidence was fixed in the hope of their fidelitie that they would meet him by the waie with all diligent preparation to the intent that he and they at time and place conuenient might communicate togither the déepenesse of all his doubtfull and weightie businesse When the messengers were dispatched with these commandements and admonitions he marched forward toward Shrewesburie and in his passing there met and saluted him Rice ap Thomas with a goodlie band of Welshmen which making an oth and promise to the earle submitted himselfe wholie to his order and commandement For the earle of Richmond two daies before made to him promise that if he would sweare to take his part and be obedient to him he would make him chiefe gouernour of Wales which part as he faithfullie promised and granted so after that he had obteined and possessed the realme and diademe he liberallie performed and accomplished the same In the meane time the messengers that wer◠sent diligentlie executed their charge and laden with rewards of them to whom they were sent returned to him the same day that he entered into Shrewesburie and made relation to him that his fréends were readie in all points to doo all things for him which either they ought or might doo The earle Henrie brought in good hope with this pleasant message continued foorth his intended iournie and came to a little towne called Newport and pitching his campe on a little hill adioining reposed himselfe there that night In the euening the same daie came to him sir Gilbert Talbot with the whole power of the yoong earle of Shrewesburie then being in ward which were accounted to the number of two thousand men And thus his power increasing he arriued at the towne of Stafford and there paused There also came sir William Stanleie accompanied with a few persons And after that the earle and he had communed no long time togither he reuerted to his souldiors whom he had assembled togither to serue the earle which from thence departed to Lichfield and lay without the walles in his campe all the night The next morning he entered into the towne and was with all honor like a prince receiued A daie or two before the lord Stanleie hauing in his band almost fiue thousand men lodged in the same towne But hearing that the erle of Richmond was marching thitherward gaue to him place dislodging him and his and repaired to a towne called Aderstone there abiding the comming of the earle And this wilie fox did this act to auoid all suspicion on king Richards part For the lord Stanleie was afraid least if he should séeme openlie to be a fautor or aider to the earle his sonne in law before the day of the battell that king Richard which yet vtterlie did not put in him diffidence line 10 and mistrust would put to some cruell death his sonne and heire apparant George lord Strange whome king Richard as you haue heard before kept with him as a pledge or hostage to the intent that the lord Stanleie his father should attempt nothing preiudiciall to him King Richard at this season kéeping his house in the castle of Notingham was informed that the earle of Richmond with such vanished men as were fled out of England to him were now arriued in Wales and that all things necessarie to his line 20 enterprise were vnprouided vnpurueied and verie weake nothing méet to withstand the power of such as the king had appointed to méet him This rumor so inflated his mind that in maner disdeining to heare speake of so small a companie he determined at the first to take little or no regard to this so small a sparkle declaring the earle to be innocent and vnwise bicause that he rashly attempted such a great enterprise with so small and thin a number of warlike persons and therefore he gaue a definitiue line 30 sentence that when he came to that point that he should be compelled to fight against his will hée either should be apprehended aliue or else by all likelihood he should of necessitie come to a shamefull confusion and that he trusted to be shortlie doone by sir Walter Herbert and Rice ap Thomas which then ruled Wales with equall power and like authoritie But yet reuoluing and casting in his mind that a small war begun and winked at and not regarded maie turne to a great broile and trouble and that it line 40 was prudent policie not to contemne and disdeine the little power and small weakenesse of the enimie be it neuer so small thought it necessarie to prouide for afterclaps that might happen chance For victorie dooth not alwaies follow the greatest multitude neither is it a necessarie consequent that the biggest bodie is indued with most force For we see that the small viper is the huge buls deadlie bane and a little curre dooth catch a bore boisterous and big as the poet properlie and to the purpose verie well saith line 50 Parua necat morsu spatiosum vipera taurum A cane non mag no saepè tenetur aper Wherefore he sent to Iohn duke of Norffolke Henrie earle of Northumberland Thomas earle of Surrie and to other of his especiall trustie friends of the nobilitie which he iudged more to preferre and estéeme his wealth and honour than their owne riches and priuate commoditie willing them to muster and view all their seruants and tenants and to elect and choose the most couragious and actiue persons line 60 of the whole number and with them to repaire to his presence with all spéed and diligence Also hée wrote to Robert Brakenberie lieutenant of the Tower commanding him with his power to come to his armie and to bring with him as fellowes in armes sir Thomas Bourchier sir Walter Hungerford and diuerse other knights and esquiers in whom he cast no small suspicion Now while he was thus ordering his affaires tidings came that the earle of Richmond was passed Seuerne come to Shrewesburie without anie detriment or incumbrance At which message he was sore mooued and broiled with melancholie and dolor crieng out asking vengeance of them that against their oth and promise had so deceiued him For which cause he began to haue diffidence in other insomuch that he determined himselfe out of hand the same daie to méet with and resist his aduersaries and in all haste sent out espials to view and espie what waie his enimies kept and passed They diligentlie dooing their dutie shortlie after returned declaring to the king that the earle was incamped at the towne of Lichfield When he had perfect knowledge where the earle with his armie was soiourning he hauing continuall repaire of his subiects to him began
preiudiciall to Iohn Catesbie knight Thomas Reuell and William Ashbie esquiers in of vpon the manour of Kirkebie vpon Wretheke in the countie of Leicester nor in of and vpon anie other lands and tenements in Kirkebie aforesaid Melton Somerbie Thropseghfield and Godebie which they had of the gift feoffement of Thomas Dauers Iohn Lie And further notwithstanding this atteindor diuerse of the said persons afterwards were not onelie by the king pardoned but also restored to their lands and liuings Moreouer in this present parlement he caused proclamation to be made that all men were pardoned and acquited of their offenses which would submit line 10 themselues to his mercie and receiue an oth to be true and faithfull vnto him wherevpon manie that came out of sanctuaries and other places were receiued to grace and admitted for his subiects After this he began to remember his speciall freends of whome some he aduanced to honour and dignitie and some he inriched with goods and possessions euerie man according to his deserts and merits And to begin his vncle Iasper earle of Penbroke he created duke of Bedford Thomas lord Stanleie was line 20 created earle of Derbie and the lord Chendew of Britaine his especiall fréend he made earle of Bath sir Giles Daubeneie was made lord Daubeneie sir Robert Willoughbie was made lord Brooke And Edward Stafford eldest sonne to Henrie late duke of Buckingham he restored to his name dignitie possessions which by king Richard were confiscat and atteinted Beside this in this parlement was this notable act assented to and concluded as followeth to the pleasure of almightie God wealth line 30 prosperitie and suertie of this realme of England and to the singular comfort of all the kings subiects of the same in auoiding all ambiguities and questions An act for the establishing of the crowne in the line of Henrie the seauenth BE it ordeined established and enacted by this present parlement that the inheritance of the crown of this realme of England also of France with all the preheminence and dignitie roiall to the same apperteining all other seigniories to the king belonging beyond the sea with the appurtenances thereto in anie wise due or apperteining shall rest remaine and abide in the most line 50 roiall person of our now souereigne lord king Henrie the seuenth and in the heires of his bodie lawfullie comming perpetuallie with the grace of God so to indure and in none other Beside this act all atteindors of this king enacted by king Edward and king Richard were adnihilated and the record of the same iudged to be defaced and all persons atteinted for his cause and occasion line 60 were restored to their goods lands and possessions Diuerse acts also made in the time of king Edward and king Richard were reuoked and other adiudged more expedient for the common wealth were put in their places and concluded After the dissolution of this parlement the king remembring his fréends left in hostage beyond the seas that is to wit the marquesse Dorset sir Iohn Bourchier he with all conuenient spéed redéemed them and sent also into Flanders for Iohn Morton bishop of Elie. These acts performed he chose to be of his councell a conuenient number of right graue and wise councellors ¶ This did he that he might the more roiallie gouerne his kingdome which he obteined and inioied as a thing by God elected and prouided and by his especiall fauour and gratious aspect compassed and atchiued Insomuch that men commonlie report that seauen hundred nintie seauen yéeres passed it was by a heauenlie voice reuealed to Cadwalader last king of Britains that his stocke progenie should reigne in this land beare dominion againe Wherevpon most men were persuaded in their owne opinion that by this heauenlie voice he was prouided ordeined long before to inioy obteine this kingdome Which thing K. Henrie the sixt did also shew before as it were by propheticall inspiration at such time as the earle of Penbroke presented the said Henrie at that time a proper child vnto Henrie the sixt whome after he had beheld and a good while viewed the comelinesse of his countenance and orderlie lineaments of his bodie he said to such peeres as stood about him Lo suerlie this is he to whome both we and our aduersaries leauing the possession of all things shall hereafter giue roome and place so it came to passe by the appointment of God to whose gouernement gift and disposing all realmes and all dominions are subiect as king Dauid confesseth saieng Omnia sunt regno subdita regna Dei Now although by this meanes all things séemed to be brought in good and perfect order yet there lacked a wrest to the harpe to set all the strings in a monocord and perfect tune which was the matrimonie to be finished betweene the king and the ladie Elizabeth daughter to king Edward Which like a good prince according to his oth promise he did both solemnize consummate shortlie after that is to saie on the eightéenth daie of Ianuarie By reason of which marriage peace was thought to descend out of heauen into England considering that the lines of Lancaster and Yorke were now brought into one knot and connexed togither of whose two bodies one heire might succeed to rule and inioie the whole monarchie and realme of England year 1486 which before was rent and diuided into factions partakings whereby manie a mans life was lost great spoiles made of peoples goods wast of wealth worship and honor all which ended in this blessed and gratious connexion authorised by God as our Anglorum praelia saith Hoc Deus omnipotens pacis confecerat author CiuilÃsque habuit tandem contentio finem Shortlie after for the better preseruation of his roiall person he constituted and ordeined a certeine number as well of archers as of diuerse other persons hardie strong and actiue to giue dailie attendance on his person whom he named yeomen of his gard which president men thought that he learned of the French king when he was in France For it is not remembred that anie king of England before that daie vsed anie such furniture of dailie souldiers ¶ In this same yéere a new kind of sickenes inuaded suddenlie the people of this land passing through the same from the one end to the other It began about the one and twentith of September and continued vntill the latter end of October being so sharpe and deadlie that the like was neuer heard of to anie mans remembrance before that time For suddenlie a deadlie burning sweat so assailed their bodies and distempered their bloud with a most ardent heat that scarse one amongst an hundred that sickened did escape with life for all in maner as soone as the sweat tooke them or within a short time after yéelded the ghost Beside the great number which deceassed within the citie of London two
of the kings house sir Robert Constable sir Roger Hastings and sir Rafe Elderton with other gentlmen to be capteins In this second yeare the king being foorth on his progresse heard euerie daie more more complaints of Empson and Dudleiâ— set foorth and aduanced no doubt by the drift of their deadlie enimies Wherefore he sent writs to the shiriffes of London to put them to execution and so the seuentéenth daie of August they were both beheaded at the Tower hill and both their bodies and heads buried the one at the White friers and the other at the Blacke friers The king about this season was much giuen to plaie at line 10 teâ—isse and at the dise which appetite certeine craftie persons about him perceiuing brought in Frenchmen and Lombards to make wagers with him so lost much monie but when he perceiued their craft he eschued their companie and let them go ¶ On the first daie of Maie the king accompanied with manie lustie batchelers on great and well dooing horsses rode to the wood to fetch Maie where a man might haue séene manie a horsse raised on high with carrier gallop turne and stop meruellous to line 20 behold where he three other as sir Edward Howard Charles Brandon and Edward Neuill which were challengers with the king shifted themselues into coats of gréene sattin garded with crimsin veluet On the other part the earles of Essex of Deuonshire the marquesse Dorset the lord Howard were all in crimsin satin garded with a pounced gard of gréene veluet And as they were returning on the hill a ship met with them vnder saile the maister hailed the king and that noble companie and said line 30 that he was a mariner and was come from many a strange port and came thither to sée if anie déeds of armes were to be doone in the countrie of the which he might make true report in other countries An herald demanded the name of his ship he answered she is called Fame is laden with good Renowme then said the herald If you will bring your ship into the baie of Hardinesse you must double the point of Gentlenesse and there you shall sée a companie that will meddle with your merchandize Then said the line 40 king Sithens Renowme is their merchandize let vs buie it if we can Then the ship shot a peale of guns and sailed foorth before the kings companie full of flags and banners till it came to the tilt yard At after noone the king and his thrée fellowes entered into the field their bards and bases of crimsin and blue veluet cut in quadrant cuts embrodered full of pomegranats and all the waiters in silke of the same colour The other partie were in crimsin sattin and greene veluet Then began the trumpets to sound and the horsses to run that manie a speare line 50 was burst and manie a great stripe giuen and for a truth the king excéeded in number of staues all other euerie daie of the three daies Wherefore on the third daie the queene made a great banket to the king and all them that had iusted and after the banket doone she gaue the chiefe prise to the king the second to the earle of Essex the third to the earle of Deuonshire and the fourth to the lord marquesse Dorset Then the heralds cried My lords for your noble feats in armes God send you the loue of your ladies that line 60 you most desire The king euer desirous to serue Mars began another iusts the fiftéenth daie of the said moneth The king his band were all in gréene silke and the earle of Essex and his band in blue garded with gold and all the speares were painted of the same colours There was good running and manie a speare brust but for all the sport euerie man feared least some ill chance might happen to the king and faine would haue had him a looker on rather than a dooer and spake thereof as much as they durst but his courage was so noble that he would euer be at she one end In this meane time the lord Darcie and other appointed to the viage against the Moores made such diligence that they and all their people were readie at Plimmouth by the middes of Maie and there mustered their souldiers before the lord Brooke and other the kings commissioners The lord Darcie as capteine generall ordeined for his prouost marshall Henrie Guilford esquier a lustie yoong man wel-beloued of the king for his manifold good seruice On the mondaie in the Rogation wéeke they departed out of Plimmouth hauen with foure ships roiall and the wind was so fauourable to them that the first daie of Iune being the euen of the feast of Pentecost he arriued at the port of Calis in south Spaine and immediatlie by the aduise of his councell he dispatched messengers to the king whom they found beside the citie of Ciuill where he then laie and declared to him how the lord Darcie by the king their maisters appointment was come thither with sixtéene hundred archers and laie still at Calis to know his pleasure The king of Castile answered them gentlie that the lord Darcie and all other that were come from his louing sonne were welcome and hartilie thanked them of their paines requiring the messengers to returne to their capteine and tell him that in all hast he would send certeine of his councell to him ¶ Herevpon they departed from the king and made report to the lord Darcie which kept his ship in great estate and would not land but onelie suffered such as were sicke and feeble and few other to go aland The Englishmen which went aland fell to drinking of hot wines were scarse maisters of themselues some ran to the stewes some brake hedges and spoiled orchards and vineyards and orenges before they were ripe and did manie outragious déeds wherefore the chiefe of the towne of Calis came to complaine to the lord Darcie in his ship which sent foorth his prouost marshall who scarselie with paine refrained the yeoman archers they were so hot and wilfull yet by commandement policie they were all brought on bord to their ships Then vpon saturdaie the eight of Iune a bishop and other of the kings councell came to Calis and there abode till wednesdaie being the euen of Corpus Christi at which daie the lord capteine tooke land and was honorablie receiued of the king of Aragons councell and on the morrow was highlie feasted at dinner and supper And at after supper the bishop declared the king his maisters pleasure giuing to the lord capteine as heartie thankes for his pains and trauell as if he had gone forward with his enterprise against the Moores But whereas by the aduise of his councell circumspectlie considering the suertie of his owne realme vpon perfect knowledge had that the Frenchmen meant to inuade his dominions in his absence he had altered
against the Scots For the said sir William could not well brooke the cardinals presumption in taking vpon him so highlie to the derogation of the kings supreme gouernement and therfore the cardinall in his absence thought to woorke him out of fauour but it would not be For shortlie after was sir William Compton called home to the court againe The Frenchmen burned a ship fraught with stone in the hauen of Calis vpon hope to haue destroied the hauen but they missed the chanell in bringing in the ship and so after that the ship was consumed with fire the stones were recouered out of the water and brought into Calis which serued the Englishmen to good vse Diuerse enterprises were atchiued betwixt them of the garrisons French and English in those marches In Iulie the lord Sands treasuror of Calis with other capteins souldiors to the number of twelue hundred entered into the confines of their enimies and came before Bullongne where they had a great skirmish put their enimies to the woorse and after marching into the countrie tooke diuerse churches and other places which the Frenchmen had fortified as the church of Odersall the steeple of Odingham and the castell of Hardingham and so after they had beene within the enimies countrie almost two nights and two daies they came backe to Calis hauing not lost past a dozen of their men The king of England being aduertised that the duke of Albanie would returne shortlie into Scotland by sea and bring with him a power of Frenchmen prepared a fléet of tall and strong ships méet to encounter with the same duke and his power and appointed for admerall sir William Fitz Williams with him sir Francis Brian sir Anthonie Poines sargeant Rot Iohn Hopton William Ganston Anthonie Kneuet Thomas West and other which vsed great diligence to haue met with the said duke of Albanie And as they laie on the French coast the line 10 foure and twentith of August being sundaie at seauen of the clocke in the morning they landed in the hauen of Treiport and assaulted the Frenchmen that were in certeine bulworks on the shore and did what they could to impeach the Englishmens landing But the Englishmen incouraged by their capteins did so valiantlie although they were but an handfull of men in comparison of their enimies as seuen hundred to six thousand that in the end they line 20 repelled the Frenchmen and wan their bulworks of them and in the same found diuerse peeces of ordinance which they seized And perceiuing that the Frenchmen fled to the towne of Treiport they followed and shot at them right egerlie so that manie of the Frenchmen were slaine and wounded yer they could get to the towne The Englishmen assaulted the gates but could not breake them open yet they set fire on the suburbes also burnt seuen ships which laie in the hauen The English capteins perceiuing how the people of the countrie came downe line 30 in great numbers to the rescue of the towne caused their men to get togither such spoiles as they might bring awaie in that sudden and then after they had béene on land fiue houres with like spéed as they came they retired backe againe to their ships not without some losse and damage of men both hurt slaine as it often hapneth when those be not found vnprouided which a man vnaduisedlie assaileth In this season the king hauing put an armie of line 40 men in a readinesse caused the same to be transported ouer to Calis appointed the duke of Suffolke to haue the leading thereof and to make a iourneie into France The duke according to his commission came to Calis the foure and twentith of August and there abiding the armie caused all things to be prepared necessarie for the same as vittels munition and such like There were appointed to attend him in this iourneie the lord Montacute and his brother sir Arthur Pole the lord Herbert sonne to line 50 the earle of Worcester the lord Ferrers the lord Marneie the lord Sandes the lord Barkleie the lord Powes and the baron Curson of knights sir Richard Wingfield chancellour of the duchie of Lancaster sir Iohn Uéer sir Edward Neuill sir William Kingston sir Richard Weston sir Andrew Winsor sir Robert Wingfield sir Anthonie Wingfield sir Edward Guilford sir Edward Greuile sir Edward Chamberleine sir Thomas Lucie sir Euerard Digbie sir Adrian Foscew sir Richard line 60 Cornewall sir William Courtneie sir William Sidneie sir Henrie Owne and manie others The whole armie as appéered by the musters taken thereof consisted in six hundred demilances two hundred archers on horssebacke three thousand archers on foot and fiue thousand bill men To these also were adioined seuentéene hundred which were taken out of the garisons and crewes of Hammes Guisnes Calis so that in all they were ten thousand and fiue hundred well armed and appointed for the warre Beside them there were also two thousand six hundred labourers and pioners When this armie was come ouer to Calis and all things readie for the iournie they issued out of Calis and tooke the fields The vant-gard was led by the lord Sandes Capteine of the right wing was sir William Kingston on the left sir Euerard Digbie The marshall of Calis sir Edward Guilford was capteine of all the horssemen The duke himselfe gouerned the battell and sir Richard Wingfield was capteine of the rere-ward While the armie laie without Calis they dailie came into the towne And so it happened that a simple felow cut a pursse as he made to buie apples which incontinent was taken and brought to the maiors house to ward Which thing diuerse Welshmen perceiuing and not knowing what apperteined to iustice ran in great companies to the maiors house would haue broken the house The officers of the towne intreated but the Welshmen more more approched The number of the Welshmen was so great that the watch of Calis strake alarum Then the lord deputie and the lord Sands did all that in them laie to bring them to conformitie But they were so rude that they nothing them regarded the priests brought foorth the sacrament which also was not regarded Wherefore the lord Ferrers was straightlie commanded to appease their rage for with him they came thither which with great paine and intreatie them appeased And then all the Welshmen were commanded to the field and to depart the towne and so were all other capteins and after wards diuerse of the head rioters were apprehended and sore punished for example The first enterprise that the duke attempted was the winning of a castell called Bell castell to which the lord Sands and the lord Ferrers being sent did so much by the power of battrie that after the wals were beaten those that were appointed to giue the assalt prepared them therto Which when the French men within perceiued they yéelded the place into the Englishmens
Augustine the first daie of Iulie in the yeare of our Lord 1530. The determination of the vniuersitie line 60 of Tholose THere was treated in our vniuersitie of Tholose a verie hard question Whether it be lawfull for the brother to marrie hir which had béene wife to his brother now departed that without children There was besides this an other thing that troubled vs verie sore Whether if the pope which hath the cure of Christs flocke would by his dispensation as men call it suffer this that then at the least wise it might be lawfull The rector of the vniuersitie called to counsell all the doctors regents that were at that time at Tholose for to shew their minds on this question and that not once but twise for he iudged that counsell giuing ought not to be hasted nor doone vpon head and that we had need of time and space to doo anie thing conuenientlie and as it ought to be At the last there came togither into one place all the best learned and cunningest doctors both of holie diuinitie and also doctors that were best learned in both lawes yea and finallie as manie as had anie experience in anie matter and were able to doo anie thing either by iudgement and discretion or by eloquence or their excellent wits and there did sweare that they would obeie the sacred and holie councels and would follow the decrees of the fathers which no man that hath anie good conscience will violat or breake And so euerie man said his mind the matter was debated and reasoned diffuselie and at large for both parts In conclusion we fell so fast to this point that this was the sentence and determination that our vniuersitie with one voice of all did determine and conclude with most pure and cléere conscience and defiled with no maner of leuen of corruption That it is lawfull for no man neither by the law of God nor by the law of nature to take hir to wife that his brother hath left and séeing that it maie not be doone by the law of God nor of nature we answered all that the pope can loose no man from that law nor dispense with him And as for that thing can not be contrarie to our sentence and verdict that the brother in old time was compelled by the law of Deuteronomie to marrie the brothers wife departed without issue For this law was but a shadow and a figure of things to come which vanished awaie as soone as euer the light and truth of the gospell appeared And bicause these things be thus we haue giuen our sentence after this forme aboue and haue commanded the same to be signed by our notarie which is our secretarie and to be fortified and authorised by the putting to of our authenticall seale of our vniuersitie aforesaid at Tholose the calends or first daie of October the yeare of our Lord 1530. After these determinations were read there were shewed aboue an hundred books drawn by doctors of strange regions which all agreed the kings marriage to be vnlawfull which were not read for the daie was spent Then the chancellor said Now you of this common house maie report in your countries what you haue séene and heard then all men shall openlie perceiue that the king hath not attempted this matter of will and pleasure as some strangers report but onlie for the discharge of his conscience and suertie of the succession of his realme this is the cause of our repaire hither to you and now will we depart When these determinations were published all wise men in the realme much abhorred that marriage but women and such as were more wilfull than wise or learned spake against the determination and said that the vniuersities were corrupt and intised so to doo which is not to be thought The king himselfe sore lamented his chance and made no maner of mirth nor pastime as he was woont to doo He dined and resorted to the quéene as he was accustomed and diminished nothing of hir estate and much loued and cherished their daughter the ladie Marie but in no wise he would not come to hir bed When Easter began to draw neere the parlement for that time ended and was proroged till the last daie of March in the next yéere In the parlement aforesaid was an act made that whosoeuer did poison any person should be boiled in hot water to the death which act was made bicause one Richard Roose in the parlement time had poisoned diuerse persons at the bishop of Rochesters place which Richard according to the same act was boiled in Smithfield the teneber wednesdaie following to the terrible example of all other When the vniuersitie aforesaid and a great number of clearks and well learned men had determined the kings marriage to be vnlawfull detestable and against Gods law as you haue heard the king willing the quéene to haue knowledge of the same sent to hir diuerse lords of the councell the last daie of line 10 Maie being the wednesdaie in Whitsun wéeke the which Lords in hir chamber at Gréenewich declared to hir all the determinations as you haue heard and asked hir whether she would for the quietnesse of the kings conscience put the matter to foure prelats and foure temporall lords of this realme or abide by hir appeale The quéene answered The king my father which concluded my marriage I am sure was not so ignorant but he asked counsell of clearks and well learned men before he married me the second line 20 time for if he had had anie doubt in my marriage he would not haue disbursed so great a tresure as he did then all the doctors in a maner agréed my marriage to be good insomuch that the pope himselfe which knew best what was to be doone did both dispense and ratifie the second marriage against whose dooings I maruell that any person will speake or write And as to the determination of the vniuersitie I am a woman and lacke wit and learning to answer line 30 to them but to God I commit the iudgement of that whether they haue doone iustlie or parciallie for this I am sure that neither the kings father nor my father would haue condescended to our marriage if it had beene declared to be vnlawfull And where you saie that I should put the cause to eight persons of this realme for quietnesse of the kings conscience I pray God send his grace a quiet conscience And this shall be your answer that I saie I am his lawfull wife and to him lawfullie married and by the order line 40 of holie church I was to him espoused as his true wife although I was not so woorthie and in that point I will abide till the court of Rome which was priuie to the beginning haue made thereof a determination and finall ending With this answer the lords departed to the king which was sorie to heare of hir wilfull opinion and in especiall that
laie sidelong toward the Englishmen next to whome by the side of the same furrowes a stones cast from the Scots was there a crosse ditch or slough which the Englishmen must needs passe to come to them wherein manie that could not leape ouer stucke fast to no small danger of themselues and some disorder of their fellowes The enimie perceiuing the Englishmen fast to approch disposed themselues to abide the brunt and line 10 in this order stood still to receiue them The earle of Angus next to the Englishmen in the Scotish foreward as capteine of the same with an eight thousand men and foure or fiue péeces of ordinance on his right hand and a foure hundred horssemen on his left Behind him westward the gouernour with ten thousand Inland men as they call them the choisest soldiers counted of their countrie And the earle of Huntleie in the rere-ward welnie euen with the battell on the left side with eight thousand The foure line 20 thousand Irish archers as a wing to them both last indéed in order first as they said that ran awaie The battell and also the rere-ward were garded likewise with their ordinance according Edward Shelleie lieutenant vnder the lord Greie of his band of Bulleners was the first that passed ouer the sâ—ough The lord Greie himselfe next with the lord Iohn Greie and others in the foremost ranke and so then after two or thrée rankes of their former bands But badlie yet could they make their line 30 rase by reason the furrowes laie trauerse to their course That notwithstanding and though also they were nothing likelie well to be able thus afront to come within them to doo them hurt as well bicause the Scotishmens pikes were as long or longer than their staues as also for that their horsses were all naked without bards whereof though there were right manie among them yet not one put on for as much as at their comming forth in the morning they looked for nothing lesse than for battell that daie yet line 40 did those worthie gentlemen the lord Greie of Wilton the lord Iohn Greie and maister Shelleie with the residue so valiantlie stronglie giue the charge vpon them that whether it were by their prowesse or power the left side of the enimies that his lordship did set vpon though their order remained vnbroken was yet compelled to swaie a good waie backe and giue ground largelie and all the residue of them beside to stand much amazed Beside this as the Englishmen were welnie at line 50 their enimies they stood verie braue and bragging shaking their pike points crieng Come lounds come héere tikes come heretikes and such like rhetorike they vsed But though saith master Patten they meant but small humanitie yet shewed they thereby much ciuilitie both of faire plaie to warne yer they stroke and of formall order to chide yer they fought The English capteines that were behind perceiuing at eie that both by the vnéeuennesse of the ground by the sturdie order of the enimie and line 60 for that their fellowes were so nie and streight before them they were not able to anie aduantage to mainteine this onset did therefore according to the deuise in that point appointed turne themselues and made a soft retire vp toward the hill againe Howbeit to confesse the truth some of the number that knew not the prepensed policie of the counsell in this case made of a sober aduised retire an hastie rash and vnaduised flight howbeit without capteine or standard vpon no cause of néed but of a méere vndiscretion and madnesse A madnesse indéed for first the Scots were not able to pursue bicause they were footmen and then if they could what hope by flight so farre from home in their enimies land where was no place of refuge The valiant lord Greie Edward Shelleie little Preston Brampton and Ierningham Bulleners Ratcliffe the lord Fitzwaters brother sir Iohn Cleres sonne and heire Rawleie a gentleman of right commendable prowesse Digs of Kent Ellerker a pensioner Segraue of the duke of Summersets band Standleie Woodhouse Conisbie Horgill Norris Denis Arthur and Atkinson with other in the fore-ranke not being able in this earnest assault both to tend to their fight afore and to the retire behind the Scots againe well considering herby how weake they remained caught courage afresh ran sharplie forward vpon them and without anie mercie slue the most part of them that abode furthest in prease a six more of Bulleners and other than before are named in all to the number of twentie six and most part gentlemen My lord Greie yet and my lord Iohn Greie and likewise my lord Edward Seimer as some grace was returned againe but neither all in safetie nor without euident markes they had bin there for the lord Greie with a pike through the mouth was rased a long from the tip of the toong and thrust that waie verie dangerouslie more than two inches in the necke and the other two had their horsses vnder them with swords sore wounded Like as also a little before this onset sir Thomas Darcie vpon his approch to the enimies was striken glansing wise on the right side with a bullet of one of their field péeces and thereby his bodie brused with the bowing in of his armour his sword hilts broken and the forefinger of his right hand beaten flat Euen so vpon the parting of this fraie was sir Arthur Darcie slasht at with swords and so hurt vpon the wedding finger of his right hand also as it was counted for the first part of curing to haue it quite cut awaie About the same time certeine of the Scots ran on hastilie to the kings standard of the horssemen the which sir Andrew Flammocke bare and laieng fast hold vpon the staffe therof cried A king a king that if both his strength his hart and his horsse had not beene good and herewith somewhat aided at this pinch by sir Rafe Coppinger a pensioner both he had béene slaine and the standard lost which the Scots neuerthelesse held so fast that they brake and bare awaie the nether end of the staffe to the burrell and intended so much to the gaine of the standard that sir Andrew as hap was scaped home all safe and else without hurt At this businesse also the lord Fitzwaters both earle of Sussex and lord chamberleine to the quéenes maiestie capteine there of a number of demilances was vnhorst but soone mounted againe scaped yet in great danger and his horsse all hewen Hereat further were Caluerleie the standard-bearer of the men at armes and Clement Paston a pensioner thrust each of them into the leg with pikes and Don Philip a Spaniard into the knée diuerse others maimed and hurt and manie horsses sore wounded beside By this time had the English fore-ward accordinglie gotten the full vantage of the hilles side and in respect of their
Meinthorne Walter Holiburton Richard Hanganside Andrew Car Iames Dowglas of Cauers Iames Car of Mersington George Hoppringle William Ormeston of Enmerden Iohn Grimstow Manie more there were beside but ouerpassed by maister Patten for that they remained in the register with these as he saith The duke of Summerset tendred the furtherance of the worke so much that he forbare not to laie his owne hand to the spade and shouell thereby to incourage others so as there were but few lords knights and gentlemen in the field but with spade shouell or mattocke did therein their parts The fiue and twentith of September being sundaie the Scots began to bring vittels to the campe were so well intreated and paied for the same that during the time of the Englishmens abode there they wanted not of the commodities which their countrie could minister The eight and twentith of September a Scotish herald accompanied with certeine Frenchmen that were perchance more desirous to marke the armie than to wit of their welfare came and declared that within a seauen-night after their commissioners to whome safe conduct had béene granted should come and commune with our councell at Berwike whose comming the earle of Warwike and sir Rafe Sadler with other the commissioners appointed did so long while there abide But what the Scots ment by breaking promise I cannot saie howbeit come they did not therfore escaped not the iust note of dissimulation howsoeuer else they could colour the matter in their owne excuse The same daie after noone the duke of Summerset adorned with titles of dignitie diuerse lords knights and gentlemen the names and promotions of whom master Patten hath set downe out of the heralds booke as followeth Sir Rafe Sadler treasuror sir Francis Brian capteine of the light horssemen sir Rafe Uane lieutenant of all the horssemen these knights were made banerets a dignitie aboue a knight and next to a baron The lord Greie of Wilton high marshall the lord Edward Seimer the duke of Summersets son the lord Thomas Howard the lord Waldike a Cleuelander sir Thomas Dacres sir Edward Hastings sir Edmund Bridges sir Iohn Thin sir Miles Patridge sir Iohn Conweie sir Giles Poole sir Rafe Bagnoll sir Oliuer Laurence sir Henrie Gates sir Thomas Chaloner sir Francis Fleming master of the ordinance sir Iohn Gresham sir William Skipwith sir Iohn Buts sir George Blaag sir William Francis sir Francis Knolles sir William Thornburrow sir George Howard sir Iames Wilford sir Rafe Coppinger sir Thomas Wentworth sir Iohn Meruen sir Nicholas Strange sir Charles Sturton sir Hugh Askue sir Francis Salmin sir Richard Tounleie sir Marmaduke Conestable sir George Audleie sir Iohn Holcroft sir Iohn Southworth sir Thomas Danbie sir Iohn Talbot sir Rowland Clarke sir Iohn Horsleie sir Iohn Forster sir Christopher Dies sir Peter Negro sir Alanzo de Uile sir Henrie Husseie sir Iames Granado Brabander sir Walter Bonham sir Robert Brandling maior of Newcastell and made knight there at the duke of Summersets returne But now that Rockesburgh was sufficientlie made defensible the which to sée it séemed the duke of Summerset had vowed before he would thence depart his grace and the councell did first determine that my lord Greie should remaine vpon the borders there as the kings lieutenant and then tooke order for the forts that sir Andrew Dudleie capteine of Broughticrag had left with two hundred soldiers of harquebutters others and a sufficient number of pioners for his works sir Edward Dudleie capteine of Hume castell threescore harquebutters fortie horssemen and a hundred pioners sir Rafe Bulmer capteine of Rockesburgh thrée hundred soldiers of harquebutters and others and two hundred pioners As things were thus concluded and warning giuen ouer night on this wednesdaie being Michaelmasse euen on the next morrow being Michaelmasse daie euerie man fell to packing apase and got them homewards passing ouer the Twéed there with some trouble and danger also by reason of raine that latelie fell before had raised the streame line 10 which being swift of it selfe and the chanell vneuen in the bottome with great stones made the passage cumbersome so that manie as well horssemen as footmen were in no small perill as they passed thorough and one or two drowned and manie cariages ouerthrowne and in great hazzard of losing The duke of Summerset rode streight to Newcastell and thence homewards The earle of Warwike my lord Greie and sir Rafe Sadler with diuerse other rode to Berwike to abide the comming line 20 of the Scotish commissioners In the meane time of their tarieng there the earle of Warwike made sir knights sir Thomas Neuill the lord Neuils brother sir Andrew Corbet sir Anthonie Strelleie sir Arthur Manering sir Richard Uerneie sir Iohn Berteuille After that the earle of Warwike had taried for the comming of the Scots the full terme of the appointment which was vntill the fourth of October and perceiued they came not the next daie he departed homewards Here ye haue to vnderstand also that in part of line 30 the meane time whilest the duke of Summerset was in dooing of these exploits in Scotland as ye haue heard rehearsed the earle of Lenox and the lord Wharton warden of the west marches with an armie of fiue thousand men entred Scotland on that side and first passing two miles after a daie and a nights defense they wan the church of Annan tooke seuentie two prisoners kéepers of the same burnt the spoile for cumber of cariage and caused the church to be blowen vp with powder passing thence a sixtéene line 40 miles within the land they wan the castell of Milke the which they left furnished with munition and men and so returned But of this ye shall find more in the historie of Scotland by the sufferance of God where we intreat of the dooings there in this yeare Thus much haue I collected out of master Pattens booke or rather exemplified the same not much digressing from his owne words except where I haue line 50 bin forced to abridge his worke in some places wishing to haue inserted the whole if the purpose of this volume would haue so permitted as well for the full vnderstanding of euerie particular point by him remembred as also for his pleasant and apt maâ—er of penning the same Whilest the lord protector was abrode thus in wars against the Scots the lords of the councell that remained at home chiefelie by the good and diligent calling on and furtherance of the archbishop of Canturburie and others of the cleargie line 60 tooke order for the aduancement of religion causing the bookes of homilies and the paraphrase of Erasmus to be set foorth and had in churches At the comming backe of the lord protector from his iourneie into Scotland the citizens of London determined to haue receiued him with great triumph but he hearing thereof forbad them in anie wise so to doo for
trees and timber and maketh the bridge cléere and so the whole armie passeth ouer the bridge into the heath The lord Greie as soone as he was passed ouer the water he rode foorthwith to the top of the hill which is in the middle of the heath and from thense did make a view of all the countrie about him and looking backe towards Woodburie he saw and espied vpon Woodburie hill a great companie assembled marching forward suspecting that they were a new supplie appointed to follow and come vpon them and aduertised the lord Russell therof Whervpon it was concluded that the prisoners whom they had before taken at the windmill and in the towne who were a great number and which if they were newlie set vpon might be a detriment and a perill vnto them should be all killed which foorthwith was doone euerie man making a dispatch of his prisoners and then the night approching there they incamped themselues for that night The rebelles which were and laie about Excester were aduertised out of hand of this the euill successe of their neighbors wherefore they with as manie as they could get in all hast came to Clist heath and in the lower side thereof next to the high waie doo intrench and fortifie a place fast by a hedge and secretlie there in the night doo place their ordinance make themselues in readinesse to abide the brunt and as soone as the daie light serued discharge and shoot off their péeces vnto the armie incamped about the top of the hill The lords and capteins to end the quarrell doo determine to giue the onset vpon them and according to the nature of warres doo politikelie diuide themselues into thrée parts and euerie one hath his place assigned and order appointed vnto him The lord Russell hauing no waie open before him causeth his pioners to make waie ouer the hedges inclosed grounds and by that means dooth at length recouer vpon the verie backe of the enimies and they were so intrapped on euerie side that they could not by anie meanes escape but must yeeld or fight The one they would not and in the other they preuailed not For notwithstanding valiantlie and stoutlie they stood to their tackle and would not giue ouer as long as life and lim lasted yet in the end they were all ouerthrowen and few or none left aliue Great was the slaughter and cruell was the fight and such was the valor and stoutnesse of these men that the lord Greie reported himselfe that he neuer in all the wars that he had béen in did know the like line 10 This fight being doone and all things set in good order the whole armie marched vnto Topsham which was about a mile off and laie in that towne all that night and carried with them in a horslitter the bodie or corps of sir William Francis and from thense carried it to Excester where it was buried in martiall manner verie honorablie in the bodie of the cathedrall church of saint Peters When the rebels who laie about the citie heard how their neighbors had sped and from time to time had the worse side line 20 and were still ouerthrowen then as men despairing to preuaile secretlie gaue ouer the siege and ran apase euerie man his waie The gentlemen which were kept prisoners in the churches and in other places about the citie being now at libertie came straight to the walles about midnight gaue knowledge thereof to the watch and they foorthwith did the like vnto the maior The ioie and comfort wherof was so great and the desire of fresh vittels so much persed that manie not abiding till the daie-light line 30 gat and shifted themselues out of the gates but more for vittels than for spoile and yet they were glad of both howbeit some did not long enioie the same for manie being more gréedie of meat than measurable in féeding did so ouercharge themselues in surffetting that they died thereof The next morrow being tuesdaie and the sixt of August the lord priuie seale thinking it long before he came to the citie commanded the trumpets verie earlie to sound and euerie man to make readie and line 40 to prepare awaie And accordinglie all things being doone he marcheth towards Excester and about eight of the clocke being tuesdaie the sixt of August 1549 he came to the same to the great ioy comfort of the long captiuated citizens who were no more glad of their deliuerie than was his lordship and all good subiects ioyfull of his victorie But at his comming he entred not into the citie for being aduertised from the maior that the citie was altogither vnfurnished of vittels order was taken that no stranger line 50 nor one nor other should enter into the citie but lie in the campe for a time Then his lordship pitched his tents without the wals in S. Iohns fields next to Southing haie vpon the cities wals next to the posterne of his house was the kings standard of the red dragon set vp As soone as he was entred into his tent the maior all his brethren in most séemelie decent order went vnto him who most louinglie embrased them most thankefullie accepted them and most highlie commended them for their truth line 60 dutie and seruice which vpon his fidelitie and honor he did promise should be well considered by the kings maiestie and which in the end was performed For the king being aduertised thereof he did not onelie thankefullie accept and highlie commend their seruices but also rewarded and considered the same both by confirmation of their charters inlarging of their liberties and augmenting of their reuenues in giuing vnto them the manor of Exilond which as was said was sometimes their ancient inheritance but by power of the earles of Deuon by force taken and by wrong and iniurie kept from them Immediatlie after his comming sir William Herbert then master of the kings horsses and after earle of Penbroke came with a thousand Welshmen who though they came too late to the fraie yet soone inough to the plaie For the whole countrie was then put to the spoile and euerie soldier sought for his best profit a iust plague of the Lord vpon rebels and disloiall persons But the citie being as yet altogither destitute of vittels and the Welshmen at their first comming séeing the same they did by their speciall industries trauels fraught furnish the same within two daies with corne cattels and vittels verie plentifullie to the great reléefe and comfort of the people therin to the benefit of themselues The lord priuie seale remained and continued in this citie aboue twelue daies before he remooued setting all things in good order rewarding the good punishing the euill To sir Peter Carew he gaue all Wineslades land to sir Gawen Carew Humfrie Arundels lands to William Gibbes esquier Beries lands and to manie others which had doone good seruices
were led and carried and who did humble themselues he was pitifull and mercifull and did dailie pardon infinite numbers And his lordship thinking verelie that all things were now quieted the rebels pacified suddenlie newes were brought vnto him that there assembled at Sampford Courtneie both Deuonshiremen and Cornishmen and who were fullie bent to mainteine their quarrell and abide the battell These newes so troubled and tickled my lord that all businesse set apart he commandeth foorthwith the trumpet to be sounded and the drumme to be striken vp and all his armie to be foorthwith mustered which was then the greater by reason of the Welshmen and gentlemen of the countrie and of the commoners who vpon submission had obteined pardon and increased to the number of eight or ten thousand men and foorthwith he marcheth towards Sampford Courtneie where sir William Herbert requested to haue the fore-ward for that daie which was granted him And being come thither albeit the great companie of so manie good souldiers and well appointed might haue dismaied them being nothing nor in order nor in companie nor in experience to be compared vnto the others yet they were at a point they would not yéeld to no persuasions nor did but most manfullie did abide the fight and neuer gaue ouer vntill that both in the towne and in the field they were all for the most taken or slaine At which time one ap Owen a Welsh gentlman more boldie than aduisedlie giuing the aduenture to enter the rampier at the townes end was there slaine by the rebels and after carried backe to Exon where after the maner of wars he was honorablie buried in the bodie of saint Peters church few of the kings side besides him then slaine and so of a traitorous beginning they made a shamefull ending Neuerthelesse manie escaped and they fled towards Summersetshire after whom was sent sir Peter Carew and sir Hugh Paulet then knight marshall with a great companie attending vpon them and followed them as far as to King Weston in the countie of Summerset where they ouertooke them and ouerthrew them and also tooke one Coffin a gentleman their capteine prisoner and brought him vnto Excester The lord Russell himselfe minding to make all things sure taketh his iorneie and marcheth into Cornewall and following his former course causeth execution to be doone vpon a great manie and especiallie vpon the chéefe belwedders and ringleaders but the cheefe and principall capteins he kept as prisoners and brought them with him to Excester And when this lord had set all things in good order he returned to Excester remained there for a time but after departed towards London where he was receiued with great ioy and thanks and being come before the king he forgat not to commend vnto his maiestie the good seruice of this citie in this rebellion which as is before said was liberallie rewarded and considered After his departure and according to his order and appointment the chéefe capteins and principall heads of this rebellion whome he left in prison in the kings goale at Excester were caried to London and commanded to the tower and in their due time were afterwards executed to death namelie Humfreie Arundell esquier Wineslade esquier Iohn Berrie and Coffin gentlemen and Holmes yeoman which Coffin and Holmes were seruants to sir Iohn Arundell knight Of the number of them who were slaine there is no certeintie knowne but manie more be found lacke then numbred howbeit it was accounted by such as continued in the whole seruice of this commotion to be about foure thousand men But what number was of the contrarie side dispatched nothing is reported albeit it be well knowne that they escaped not scotfrée and especiallie the Burgonians who were abhorred of the one partie and nothing fauoured of the other Thus much line 10 concerning the description of the citie and of the sundrie inuasions and assaults against the same and especiallie of the last rebellion or commotion in the yeare of our Lord 1549 wherein much more might be spoken but this may suffice for this matter And for as much as the cathedrall church of this citie called by the name of S. Peters is a parcell of the citie and compassed within the wals of the same though in respect of certeine priuileges distinct from the iurisdiction thereof I thought it good to subnect herevnto line 20 the description of the said church and of the antiquitie of the same The antiquitie foundation and building of the cathedrall church of saint Peters in Excester AFter that corrupt religion and superstition was crept and receiued into the church and the people become deuout line 30 therein then began the erecting of religious houses and monasteries in euerie countrie And as this was vniuersall throughout all christendome vnder the gouernement of the Romane bishop so also was it generallie doone throughout all England in which generalitie this citie was of a particularitie for in this citie from time to time as opportunitie serued sundrie religious houses and monasteries were erected and builded of which there were thrée within the site circuit and line 40 place now called the close of S. Peters and which in time accrued and were vnited into one The first was a house for women called moniales or nuns which is now the deanes house or Kalendar haie The other was a house of moonks supposed to be builded by king Ethelred the third sonne to king Ethelwolph and these two were vnited by bishop Leofricus vnto the cathedrall church The third was a house for moonks of the order of S. Benet which was builded and founded by king Athelstane about the yeare of line 50 our Lord 932 and this is that part of the cathedrall church now called the ladie chappell For the said king hauing driuen out of this citie the Britons then dwelling therein and minding to make a full conquest both of them and of this their countrie which they then inhabited did so fiercelie follow and pursue them euen into Cornewall that in the end he conquered them and had the victorie After which he returned to this citie and here staieng and soiourning for a time did reedifie the citie incompassed it with line 60 a stone wall and founded the cathedrall church which he then appointed for a monasterie for moonks of S. Benets order For so is it written Hanc vrbem rex Adelstanus primus in potestatem Anglorum effugatis Britonibus redactam turribus muniuit muro ex quadratis lapidibus cinxit ac antiquitùs vocatam Munketon nunc Exester vocari voluit ac ibi sedens mansum quoddam dedit ad fundandum monasterium pro monachis Deo sancto Petro famulantibus Besides the charges which he was at the building of the said church he gaue also lands and reuenues vnto them sufficient for maintenance and liuelihoods whereof Morkeshull and Treasurors béere are parcell and which now are appendant
It was strange to sée the desperat boldnesse of the rebelles that when they were thrust through the bodies or line 20 thighs and some of them hough-sinewed would yet seeke reuenge in striking at their aduersaries when their hands were scarse able to hold vp their weapon thinking themselues somewhat satisfied if the humor of their enuie and deadlie spite might be fed but with a drop of their aduersaries bloud with such a malignant spirit tending wholie to vengeance these desperat rebels were possessed according to the poets spéech in the like sense and meaning Inuidiosa dabit minimus solatia sanguis line 30 But such was the valiancie of the gentlemen and soldiers which were there with the lord marquesse that in the end the enimies which were alreadie entered the citie were beaten out againe and driuen backe to their accustomed kennell holes with losse of thrée hundred of their numbers They within the towne hauing thus repelled the enimies accounting themselues in more safetie than before for the rest of the night that yet remained which was not much they gaue themselues to refresh their wearied line 40 bodies with some sléepe The next daie the lord marquesse was informed by some of the citizens that there were no small number in Kets campe that would gladlie come from him if they might be sure of their pardon and that at Pockethorpe gate there were foure or fiue thousand that wished for nothing more than for pardon and that if the same were offered them there were no doubt as they beléeued but that they would submit themselues to the kings mercie line 50 The marquesse was glad to vnderstand so much incontinentlie dispatched Norreie king at armes with a trumpetter to assure them on the kings behalfe that they should be pardoned for all offenses past and that had beene committed in time of this rebellion if they would laie armes aside Norreie and the trumpet comming to the gate found not a man there but the trumpetter sounding his trumpet there came running downe from the hill a great multitude of their people amongst other as chiefe one Flotman whome Norreie commanded to staie line 60 Wherevpon the said Flotman asked him what was the matter and wherefore he had called them togither by sound of trumpet Go thy waies said he tell thy companie from my lord marquesse of Northhampton the kings maiesties lieutenant that he commandeth them to ceasse from committing anie further outrage and if they will saith he obeie his commandement all that is past shall be forgiuen and pardoned Flotman hauing heard Norreies declaration as he was an outragious and busie fellow presumptuouslie made answer that he cared not a pins point for my lord marquesse and withall like a rebellious traitor railed vpon his lordship and mainteined that he and the rest of the rebels were earnest defendors of the kings roiall maiestie and that they had taken weapon in hand not against the king but in his defense as in time it should appeare as they that sought nothing but to mainteine his maiesties roiall estate the libertie of their countrie and the safetie of their commonwealth c. To conclude he vtterlie refused the kings pardon and told Norreie certeinelie that they would either restore the common-wealth from decaie into the which it was fallen being oppressed thorough the couetousnesse and tyrannie of the gentlemen either else would they like men die in the quarrell Scarselie had he made an end of his tale when suddenlie a fearefull alarum was raised thoroughout the citie for whilest Flotman was thus in talke with the king of armes at Pockethorpe gate the rebels in great rage entring the citie by the hospitall went about to bring all things to destruction but being incountered néere to the bishops palace by the lord marquesse his men there insued a bloudie conflict betwixt them which continued long with great fiercenesse and eger reuenge on both parts There died about seuen score of the rebels and of the soldiers that serued against them some number beside a great multitude that were hurt and wounded on both parts But the pitifull slaughter of the lord Sheffeld who hauing more regard to his honor than safetie of life desirous to shew some proofe of his noble valiancie entering amongst the enimies as he fought right hardilie though not so warilie as had béene expedient fell into a dich as he was about to turne his horsse herewith being compassed about with a number of those horrible traitors was slaine amongest them although he both declared what he was and offered largelie to the vilans if they would haue saued his life But the more noble he shewed himselfe to be the more were they kindled in outragious furie against him And as he pulled off his head péece that it might appeare what he was a butcherlie knaue named Fulks who by occupation was both a carpenter a butcher slat him in the head with a club and so most wretchedlie killed him A lamentable case that so noble a yoong gentleman indued with so manie commendable qualities as were to be wished in a man of his calling should thus miserablie end his daies by the hands of so vile a vilan Diuerse other gentlemen and woorthie soldiers came to the like end among those outragious rebels and amongst other Robert Woluaston that was appointed to kéepe the doore of Christs church was killed by the same Fulks who tooke him for sir Edmund Kneuet against whome the rebels bare great malice for that he sought to annoie them so farre as by anie meanes he might as partlie ye haue heard But the slaughter of that noble man the lord Sheffeld sore discouraged the residue of the soldiers that were come with the lord marquesse And on the other part the rebels were aduanced thereby in greater hope to preuaile against them and therevpon preassed forward with such hardinesse that they caused the lord marquesse and his people to giue place and to forsake the citie euerie man making the best shift he could to saue himselfe But yet diuerse gentlemen of good account and worship remaining behind and abiding the brunt were taken prisoners as sir Thomas Cornewallis and others whome the rebels afterwards kept in streict durance vntill the daie came of their ouerthrow by the kings power vnder the conduction of the earle of Warwike The lord marquesse and the residue that escaped made the best shift they could to get out of danger and at length he and the most part of them that went foorth with him came to London The rebels hauing thus repelled the lord marquesse his power set fire on the citie whereby manie faire buildings were consumed and burnt It happened yet well the same time that there fell great abundance of raine the which holpe in part to quench the rage of the fire Neuertheles all the houses on either side of Holmes stréet and the hospitall of the poore also
Bishops gate Pockthorpe gate Magdalene gate and Bearestréet gate with manie other houses in other parts of the line 10 citie were burned and fowlie defaced with fire The citizens were brought into such extreame miserie that they knew not which waie to turne them Some there were that fled out of the citie taking with them their gold and siluer and such short ware as they might conueie awaie with them abandoning wife and children to rest at the mercie of the rebels Other hid their goods in wels priuies and other such secret places out of the waie The rebels entering into the houses of such as line 20 were knowne to be wealthie men spoiled and bare awaie all that might be found of anie value But to speake of all the cruell parts which they plaied it would be tedious to expresse the same their dooings were so wicked and outragious There was shooting howling and wringing among them wéeping and crieng out of women and children To be short the staie of the citie at that present was most miserable The maiors deputie kept himselfe close in his house and might behold all this mischiefe and destruction of the citie but durst not come abroad nor line 30 go about to staie them at length a great multitude of the rebels that were come downe frō their campe entering by saint Augustines gate came straight to his house and stroue to breake open the doores but when they could not easilie bring their purpose to passe that waie foorth they began to fire the house Wherevpon for feare to be burned within his owne lodging he set open the doores and in came those vnmanerlie ghests tooke him plucked his gowne beside his backe called him traitor and threatened to line 40 kill him if he would not tell them where the lord marquesse of Northampton had hidden himselfe And when he had told them that vndoubtedlie he and all his companie were gone they were in a great rage and with terrible noise and rumbling they sought euerie corner of the house for him and taking what they found they departed But yet manie of them afterwards partlie pacified for a péece of monie and other things which they receiued of the line 50 maior and partlie reprooued for the wrongfull robberies by some that were in credit among them they brought againe such packs and fardels as they had trussed vp togither and threw them into the shops of those houses out of the which they had taken the same before but yet there were diuers of the citizens that were spoiled of all that they had by those rebels that entered their houses vnder a colour to séeke for the marquesse of Northamptons men Namelie the houses of those citizens that were fled were spoiled line 60 and ransacked most miserablie for they reputed and called them traitors and enimies to their king and countrie that thus had forsaken their houses and dwellings in time of such necessitie yet manie of the citizens bringing foorth bread beere and other vittels vnto the rebels to refresh them with somewhat calmed their furious rage and so escaped their violent hands although no small number were so fleesed as before yee haue heard that they haue liued the woorse for it all the daies of their life since that time But now the rebels hauing thus got possession of the citie chased awaie the kings people they tooke order to haue the gates kept hourelie with watch and ward of the citizens themselues thretning them with most shamefull death if they omitted the same These vnrulie persons were so farre stept into all kind of beastlie outrage that when it ramed they would kenell vp themselues in the churches abusing the place appointed for the seruice and worshipping of the almightie God in most prophane and wicked manner and neither praier nor yet threats of men or women that aduised them to modestie could take place The kings maiestie aduertised therefore that there was no waie to tame their diuelish and traitorous outrage but by force with the aduise of his councell caused a power to be put in a readinesse as well of his owne subiects as of strangers namelie lancequenets which were come to serue his maiestie against the Scots But now it was thought expedient to vse their seruice against these rebels whose power and desperate boldnesse was so farre increased that without a maine armie guided by some generall of great experience and noble conduct it would be hard and right dangerous to subdue them wherein violence and force was to be vsed sith they had shewed themselues in an extremitie of stubbornesse like buls that by baiting are to be tamed or like stifnecked stalions which with bit bridle must be managed as one saith Asper equus duris contunditur ora lupatis Heerevpon that noble chéefteine and valiant erle of Warwike latelie before appointed to haue gone against the Scots and Frenchmen into Scotland was called backe and commanded to take vpon him the conduction of this armie against the Norffolke rebels for such was the opinion then conceiued of that honorable earle for the high manhood valiant prowesse and great experience in all warlike enterprises sufficientlie tried and knowne to rest in him that either they might be vanquished and ouercome by him or by none other Capteine Ket and his rebellious armie hauing some aduertisement by rumors spred of this preparation and comming of an armie against them they were not slacke to make themselues strong and readie to abide all the hazard that fortune of warre might bring The earle of Warwike then after that his men and prouisions were readie did set forward and came vnto Cambridge where the lord marquesse of Northampton and other met his lordship Héere also diuerse citizens of Norwich came to him and falling downe vpon their knees before him besought him to be good lord vnto them and withall declared their miserable state great gréefe and sorrow which they had conceiued for the wretched destruction of their countrie beséeching him to haue pitie vpon them And if in such extremitie of things as had happened vnto their citie they had through feare or ignorance committed anie thing contrarie to their dutifull allegiance that it might please his honor to pardon them their offenses in such behalfe sith if anie thing were amisse on their parts the same came to passe sore against their wils and to their extreame greefe and sorrow The earle of Warwike told them that he knew indéed in what danger they had béene among those vnrulie ribalds and as for anie offense which they had committed he knew not for in leauing their citie sith matters were growne to such extremitie they were to be borne with but in one thing they had ouershot themselues for that in the beginning they had not sought to represse those tumults sith if they had put themselues in defense of their countrie to resist the rebels at the first such mischiefs as were now growne might
time to time line 40 What master sergeant Dooth this prooue against me that I knew Wiat did repent him of an euill deuised enterprise Is it to know Wiats repentance sinne No it is but a veniall sinne if it be anie it is not deadlie But where is the messenger or message that Wiat sent to me touching his alteration and yet it was lawfull inough for me to heare from Wiat at that time as from anie other man for anie act that I knew he had doone And it may please you my lords and you my line 50 masters of the iurie to prooue that Throckmorton is a principall dooer in this rebellion there is yet manie other things to be declared among other there is Crofts confession who saith that he and you and your complices did manie times deuise about the whole matters and he made you priuie to all his determinations and you shewed him that you would go into the west countrie with the earle of Deuon to sir Peter Caroe accompanied with others Master Crofts is yet liuing and is heere this daie line 60 how happeneth it he is not brought face to face to iustifie this matter neither hath beene of all this time Will you know the truth Either he said not so or he will not abide by it but honestlie hath reformed himselfe And as for knowing his deuises I was so well acquainted with them that I can name none of them nor you neither as matter knowne to me But whie did you aduise Winter to land my lord priuie seale in the west countrie He that told you that my mind was to land him there dooth partlie tell you a reason whie I said so if you would remember as well the one as the other but bicause you are so forgetfull I will recite wherefore In communication betwixt Winter and me as he declared to me that the Spaniards prouided to bring their prince hither so the Frenchmen prepared to interrupt his arriuall for they began to arme to the sea and had alreadie certeine ships on the west coast as he hard Unto whom I said that peraduenture not onelie the quéenes ships vnder his charge might be in ieopardie but also my lord priuie seale and all his traine the Frenchmen being well prepared to méet with them and therefore for all euents it were good you should put my said lord in the west countrie in case you espie anie ieopardie But what dooth this prooue to the treasons if I were not able to giue conuenient reasons to my talke Marie sir now commeth the proofes of your treasons you shall heare what Cutbert Uaughan saith against you Then sergeant Stanford did read Uaughans confession tending to this effect That Uaughan comming out of Kent met with Throckmorton at master Warners house who after he had doone commendations from Wiat to him desired to know where Crofts was Throckmorton answered either at Arundell house where he lodgeth or in Paules Then Uaughan desired to know how things went at London saieng Master Wiat we of Kent doo much mislike the marriage with Spaine and the comming of the Spaniards for diuerse respects howbeit if other countries mislike them as Kent dooth they shall be but hardlie welcome and so they parted Shortlie after Throckmorton met with Uaughan in Paules vnto whome Throckmorton declared with sundrie circumstances that the Westerne men were in a readinesse to come forwards and that sir Peter Caroe had sent vnto him euen now and that he had in order a good band of horssemen and an other of footmen Then Uaughan demanded what the earle of Deuonshire would doo Throckmorton answered he will mar all for he will not go hence and yet sir Peter Caroe would méet him with a band both of horssemen and footmen by the waie at Andeuer for his safegard and also he should haue béene well accompanied from hence with other gentlemen yet all this will not mooue him to depart hence Moreouer the said erle hath as is said discouered all the whole matter to the chancellor or else it is come out by his tailor about the trimming of a shirt of male and the making of a cloke At another time Uaughan saith Throckmorton shewed him that he had sent a post to sir Peter Caroe to come forward with as much spéed as might be and to bring his force with him And also Throckmorton aduised Uaughan to will master Wiat to come forward with his power for now was the time in as much as the Londoners would take his part if the matter were presented to them Uaughan said also that Throckmorton Warner should haue ridden with the said earle westward Moreouer the said Uaughan deposed that Throckmorton shewed him in talke of the earle of Penbroke that the said earle would not fight against them though he would not take their parts Also Uaughan said that Throckmorton shewed him that he would ride downe into Barkeshire to sir Francis Englefields house there to méet his eldest brother to mooue him to take his part And this was the sum of Cutbert Uaughans confession How saie you Dooth not here appeare euident matter to prooue you a principall who not onelie gaue order to sir Peter Caroe and his adherents for their rebellious acts in the west countrie but also procured Wiat to make his rebellion appointing him and the others also when they should attempt their enterprise and how they should order their dooings from time to time Besides all this euident matter you were speciallie appointed to go awaie with the earle of Deuon as one that would direct all things and giue order to all men And therefore Throckmorton sith this matter is so manifest and the euidence so apparant I would aduise you to confesse your fault submit your selfe to the quéenes mercie How saie you will you confesse the matter and it will be best for you No I will neuer accuse my selfe vniustlie but in as much as I am come hither to be tried I praie ye line 10 let me haue the law fauourablie It is apparant that you laie at London as a factor to giue intelligence as well to them in the west as to Wiat in Kent How prooue you that or who dooth accuse me but this condemned man Whie will you denie this matter You shall haue Uaughan iustifie his whole confession here before your face It shall not néed I know his vnshamfastnesse he line 20 hath aduowed some of this vntrue talke before this time to my face and it is not otherwise like considering the price but he will doo the same againe My lord and masters you shall haue Uaughan to iustifie this héere before you all and confirme it with a booke oth He that hath said and lied will not being in this case sticke to sweare and lie ¶ Then was Cutbert Uaughan brought into the line 30 open court How saie you Cutbert Uaughan
is this your owne confession and will you abide by all that is here written Let me sée it and I will tell you ¶ Then his confession was shewed him Bicause you of the iurie the better may credit him I praie you my lords let Uaughan be sworne ¶ Then was Uaughan sworne on a booke to saie nothing but the truth line 40 It may please you my lords and masters I could haue béene well content to haue chose seauen yeares imprisonment though I had béene a frée man in the law rather than I would this daie haue giuen euidence against sir Nicholas Throckmorton against whome I beare no displeasure but sith I must needs confesse my knowledge I must confesse all that is there written is true How saie you master Throckmorton was there anie displeasure betwéene you and me to mooue me to saie aught against you None that I know How saie you Uaughan what line 50 acquaintance was there betwéene you and me and what leters of credit or token did you bring me from Wiat or anie other to mooue me to trust you As for acquaintance I knew you as I did other gentlemen and as for letters I brought you none other but commendations from master Wiat as I did to diuerse other of his acquaintance at London You might as well forge the commendations as the rest but if you haue doone with Uaughan my lords I praie you giue me leaue to answer line 60 Speake and be short I speake generallie to all that be here present but speciallie to you of my iurie touching the credit of Uaughans depositions against me a condemned man and after to the matter and note I praie you the circumstances as somewhat materiall to induce the better First I praie you remember the small familiaritie betwixt Uaughan and me as he hath aduowed before you and moreouer to procure credit at my hand brought neither letter nor token from Wiat nor from anie other to me which he also hath confessed here and I will suppose Uaughan to be in as good condition as anie other man here that is to saie an vncondemned man yet I referre it to your good iudgement whether it were like that I knowing onelie Uaughans person from an other man and hauing none other acquaintance with him would so frankelie discouer my mind to him in so dangerous a matter How like I saie is this when diuerse of these gentlemen now in captiuitie being my verie familiars could not depose anie such matter against me and neuerthelesse vpon their examinations haue said what they could And though I be no wise man I am not so rash as to vtter to an vnknowne man for so I may call him in comparison a matter so dangerous for me to speake and him to heare But bicause my truth and his falshood shall the better appeare vnto you I will declare his inconstancie in vttering this his euidence And for my better credit it may please you master Southwell I take you to witnesse when Uaughan first iustified this his vniust accusation against me before the lord Paget the lord Chamberleine you master Southwell and others he referred the confirmation of this his surmised matter to a letter sent from him to sir Thomas Wiat which letter dooth neither appeare nor anie testimonie of the said master Wiat against me touching the matter for I doubt not sir Thomas Wiat hath béen examined of me and hath said what he could directlie or indirectlie Also Uaughan saith that yoong Edward Wiat could confirme this matter as one that knew this pretended discourse betwixt Uaughan and me and therevpon I made sute that Edward Wiat might either be brought face to face to me or otherwise be examined Master Throckmorton you mistake your matter for Uaughan said that Edward Wiat did know some part of the matter and also was priuie of the letter that Uaughan sent sir Thomas Wiat. Yea sir that was Uaughans last shift when I charged him before the master of the horsse and you with his former allegations touching his witnesse whome when he espied would not doo so lewdlie as he thought then he vsed this alteration But where be Edward Wiats depositions of anie thing against me Now it appeareth neither his first nor his last tale to be true For you know master Bridges and so dooth my lord your brother that I desired twice or thrice Edward Wiat should be examined and I am sure and most assured he hath béene willed to saie what he could and here is nothing deposed by him against me either touching anie letter or other conference Or where is Uaughans letter sent by sir Thomas Wiat concerning my talke But now I will speake of Uaughans present estate in that he is a condemned man whose testimonie is nothing worth by anie law And bicause false witnesse is mentioned in the gospell treating of accusation hearke I praie you what S. Ierome saith expounding that place It is demanded whie Christs accusers be called false witnesses which did report Christs words not as he spake them They be false witnesses saith S. Ierome which doo ad alter wrest double or doo speake for hope to auoid death or for malice to procure another mans death for all men maie easilie gather he cannot speake truelie of me or in the case of another mans life where he hath hope of his owne by accusation Thus much speaketh S. Ierome of false witnesse By the ciuill law there be manie exceptions to be taken against such testimonies but bicause we be not gouerned by that law neither haue I my triall by it it shall be superfluous to trouble you therewith therefore you shall heare what your owne law dooth saie There was a statute made in my late souereigne lord master his time touching accusation and these be the words Be it enacted that no person nor persons c shal be indicted arreigned condemned or conuicted for anie offense of treason petit treason misprision of treson for which the same offendor shall suffer anie pains of death imprisonment losse or forfeiture of his goods lands c vnlesse the same offendor be accused by two sufficient lawfull witnesses or shall willinglie without violence confesse the same And also in the sixt yeare of his reigne it is thus ratified as insueth That no person nor persons shall be indicted arreigned condemned conuicted or attainted of the line 10 treasons or offenses aforesaid or for anie other treasons that now be or hereafter shall be vnlesse the same offendor or offendors be therof accused by two lawfull and sufficient accusers which at the time of the arreignement of the parties so accused if they be then liuing shall be brought in person before the said partie accused and auow and mainteine that they haue to saie against the said partie to prooue him giltie of the treasons or offense conteined in the bill of indictment laid against the partie arreigned
seruant Marie our quéene with child conceiued and so visit hir in and with thy godlie gift of health that not onelie the child thy creature within line 50 hir conteined maie ioifullie come from hir into this world and receiue the blessed sacraments of baptisme and confirmation inioieng therewith dailie increase of all princelie and gratious gifts both of bodie and soule but that also she the mother through thy speciall grace and mercie maie in time of hir trauell auoid all excessiue dolour and paine and abide perfect and sure from all perill and danger of death with long and prosperous life thorough Christ line 60 our Lord Amen ¶ And thus much shall suffice touching this great adoo about quéene Marie and hir babe The second daie of December being sundaie cardinall Poole came to Pauls church in London with great pompe hauing before him a crosse two pillers and two pollaxes of siluer and was there solemnlie receiued by the bishop of Winchester chancellor of England who met him with procession And shortlie after king Philip came from Westminster by land being accompanied with a great number of his nobles And the same daie the bishop of Winchester preached at Pauls crosse in the which sermon he declared that the king and quéene had restored the pope to his right of primasie that the thrée estates assembled in parlement representing the whole bodie of the realme had submitted themselues to his holinesse and to his successors for euer And in the same also he greatlie praised the cardinall and set foorth the passing high authoritie that he had from the 〈◊〉 of Rome with much other glorious matter in the commendation of the church of Rome which he called the see apostolike This sermon being ended the king and the cardinall riding togither returned to White hall and the king had his sword borne before him and the cardinall had onelie his crosse and no more The seauen and twentith daie of the said moneth Emanuell Philibert earle of Sauoie and prince of Piemount came into England accompanied with diuerse other lords and gentlemen strangers who were receiued at Grauesend by the earle of Bedford lord priuie seale and conueied by water through London bridge to White hall where the king and queene then laie ¶ On the ninth of Ianuarie next following the prince of Orange was in like maner receiued at Grauesend and from thence conueied to the court being at White hall The twelfth of Ianuarie the said prince of Orange with other lords was conducted by the lord chamberlein to the tower of London where was shewed vnto him the ordinance artillerie munitions and armorie with the mint c and so was brought into the white tower from whence as he returned through the long gallerie all the prisoners saluted him vnto whome the prince said he was sorie for their captiuitie and trusted the king and quéene would be good vnto them At his departing from the tower he gaue the gunners ten péeces of Flemmish gold at fiue shillings the péece and the warders other ten péeces as a reward Upon wednesdaie the 12 of December fiue of the eight men which laie in the Fléet that had passed vpon sir Nicholas Throckmortons triall were discharged and set at libertie vpon their fines paid which was two hundred and twentie pounds a péece The other thrée put vp a supplication therein declaring their goods did not amount to the summe of that which they were appointed to paie and so vpon that declaration paieng thrée score pounds a péece they were deliuered out of prison on saint Thomas daie before Christmas being the one twentith of December The two and twentith of the same moneth the parlement which began the two and twentith of Nouember before was dissolued wherein among other acts passed there the statute Ex officio and other lawes made for punishment of heresies were reuiued But chiefelie the popes most liberall bull of dispensation of abbeie land was there confirmed much to the contentation of manie who not without cause suspected by this new vnion to lose some peece of their late purchase ¶ On new yeares daie at night was a great tumult betweene Spaniards and Englishmen at Westminster whereof was like to haue insued great mischiefe through a Spanish frier which got into the church and roong alarum The occasion was about two whores which were in the cloister of Westminster with a sort of Spaniards wherof whilest some plaied the knaues with them other some did kéepe the entrie of the cloister with dags and harnesse In the meane time certeine of the deanes men came into the cloister and the Spaniards discharged their dags at them and hurt some of them By and by the noise of this dooing came into the streets so that the whole towne was vp almost but neuer a stroke was stricken Notwithstanding the noise of this dooing with the deans men and also the ringing of the alarum made much adoo and a great number also to be sore afraid year 1555 Upon fridaie the eighteenth of Ianuarie all the councell by name the lord chancellor the bishop of Elie the lord treasuror the earle of Shrewesburie the comptrollor of the quéenes house secretarie Bourne and sir Richard Southwell master of the ordinance and armorie went to the tower and there the same daie discharged and set at libertie all the prisoners of the tower or the more part of them namelie the archbishop of Yorke the late duke of Northumberlands line 10 sonnes the lords Ambrose Robert and Henrie also sir Andrew Dudleie sir Iames Croftes sir Nicholas Throckmorton sir Iohn Rogers sir Nicholas Arnold sir George Harper sir Edward Warner sir William Sentlow sir Gawen Carew William Gibbes esquier Cutbert Uaughan and diuerse others Moreouer about this season diuerse learned men being apprehended and in prison for matters of religion were brought before the bishops of Winchester line 20 and London and other the bishops and commissioners appointed therefore who vpon the constant standing of the said learned men in their opinions which they had taken vpon them to mainteine as grounded vpon the true word of God as they protested procéeded in iudgement against them and so diuerse of them were burned at London in Smithfield and in diuerse other places Naie not onelie by fire but by other torments were the good christians persecuted whose zeale was hot in religion and defiance line 30 of the pope insomuch that then he was counted Gods enimie which tooke not the pope for the friend of Christ whome he hateth with hostilitie as C.O. noteth verie trulie in his Elisabetha saieng nam creditur hostis Esse Dei papa◠si quis pius asserit hostem Esse Dei veros Christi qui tollit honores In Februarie next following doctor Thirlebie bishop of Elie and Anthonie lord Montacute with a verie honorable traine of gentlemen and others line 40 rode foorth of the citie of
repaire to them in warlike maner for the defense and suertie of hir maiesties person sometimes affirming their dooings to be with the aduise and consent of the nobilitie of this realme who in deed were wholie bent as manifestlie line 30 appeared to spend their liues in dutifull obedience against them and all other traitors sometimes pretending for conscience sake to séeke to reforme religion sometimes declaring that they were driuen to take this matter in hand least otherwise forren princes might take it vpon them to the great perill of this realme Upon mondaie the thirteenth of Nouember they went to Durham with their banners displaied And to get the more credit among the fauorers of the old line 40 Romish religion they had a crosse with a banner of the fiue wounds borne before them sometime by old Norton sometime by others As soone as they entred Durham they went to the minster where they tare the bible communion bookes other such as were there The same night they went againe to Branspith The fourteenth daie of the same moneth they went to Darington and there had masse which the earles and the rest heard with such lewd deuotion as they had Then they sent their horssemen to gather togither such numbers of men as they could line 50 The fifteenth daie the earles parted he of Northumbeland to Richmond then to Northallerton so to Borowbridge he of Westmerland to Ripon after to Borowbridge where they both met againe On the eighteenth daie they went to Wetherbie and there taried three or foure daies and vpon Clifford moore nigh vnto Bramham moore they mistrusted themselues at which time they were about two thousand horssemen and fiue thousand footmen which was the greatest number that euer they were line 60 From which they intended to haue marched toward Yorke but their minds being suddenlie altered they returned The thrée and twentith of Nouember they besieged Bernards castell which castell was valiantlie defended by sir George Bowes and Robert Bowes his brother the space of eleuen daies and then deliuered with composition to depart with armor munition bag and baggage In which time the quéens maiestie caused the said earles of Northumberland Westmerland to be proclamed traitors with all their adherents and fauourers the foure and twentith of Nouember The lord Scroope warden of the west marches calling vnto him the earle of Cumberland and other gentlemen of the countrie kept the citie of Carleill The earle of Sussex the quéens lieutenant generall in the north published there the like proclamations in effect as had beene published by hir maiestie against the said rebels and also sent out to all such gentlemen as he knew to be hir maiestes louing subiects vnder his rule who came vnto him with such numbers of their friends as he was able in fiue daies to make aboue fiue thousand horssemen and footmen And so being accompanied with the erle of Rutland his lieutenant the lord Hunsdon generall of the horssemen sir Rafe Sadler treasuror the lord William Euers that was after appointed to lead the reareward and diuerse other that with their tenants and seruants were come to him remaining as then within the citie of Yorke he set forward from thense the fift of December being sundaie and marched with his power which he had thus got togither towards the enimies Sir George Bowes hauing surrendred Bernards castell as before ye haue heard met the earle of Sussex thus marching forward with his armie at Sisaie from whence they kept forward to Northallerton and resting two nights there they marched on to Croftbridge then to Akle and so to Durham and after to Newcastell And the twentith of December they came to Heram from whence the rebels were gone the night before to Naworth where they counselled with Edward Dacres concerning their owne weakenesse also how they were not onlie pursued by the earle of Sussex others with him hauing a power with them of seuen thousand men being almost at their héeles but also by the earle of Warwike and the lord Clinton high admerall of England with a far greater armie of twelue thousand men raised by the queens maiesties commissioners out of the south and middle parts of the relme In which armie beside the earle of Warwike the lord admerall chéefe gouernors in the same there was also Walter Deuereux vicount Hereford high marshall of the field with the lord Willoughbie of Perham maister Charles Howard now lord Howard of Effingham generall of the horssemen vnder the earle of Warwike yoong Henrie Knols eldest sonne to sir Francis Knols his lieutenant Edward Horseie capteine of the I le of Wight with fiue hundred harquebusiers out of the same I le and capteine Leighton with other fiue hundred harquebusiers Londoners and manie other worthie gentlemen and valiant capteins The comming forward of these forces caused the rebels so much to quaile in courage that they durst not abide to trie the matter with dint of sword For whereas the earle of Warwike and the lord admerall being aduanced forward to Darington ment the next daie to haue sent Robert Glouer then Portculeis and now Summerset herald who in his iourneie attended on the lord admerall as Norreie king of armes did vpon the earle of Warwike vnto the rebels vpon such message as for the time and state of things was thought conuenient the same night aduertisements came from the earle of Sussex vnto the earle of Warwike and to the lord admerall that the two earles of Northumberland and Westmerland were fled as the truth was they were indéed first from Durham whither the said Glouer should haue béene sent vnto them and now vpon the earle of Sussex his comming vnto Exham they shranke quite awaie and fled into Scotland without bidding their companie farewell The earle of Warwike and his power marched on to Durham But the earle of Sussex pursuing those other rebels that had not meane to flée out of the realme apprehended no small number of them at his pleasure without finding anie resistance among them at all The fourth and fift of Ianuarie did suffer at Durham to the number of thrée score and six year 1570 conestables and others amongst whome the alderman of the towne and a priest called parson Plomtrée were the most notable Then sir george Bowes being made marshall finding manie to be fautors in the foresaid rebellion did sée them executed in diuerse line 10 places of the countrie The one and twentith of Ianuarie a prentise of London was hanged on a gibet at the north end of Finch lane in London to the example of others for that he the thirteenth of December had striken his maister with a knife whereof he died About the later end of Ianuarie Leonard Dacres of Harleseie began to rebell and procured the people of the north parts to assist him so that he raised to the number of thrée thousand men Of
a 60 b 10 c His standard what ensigne it bore 673 a 10. The fruits of his malice 673 a 30. Beareth a continuall grudge vnto king Edward the fourth his persuasions to his two brethren against him 670 b 20 50 671 b 10 c b 50. Offended with king Edward the fourths marriage 668 a 60. He kéepeth his gréefe secret b 20. Sent ouer into France about K. Edward the fourths marriage 667 b 60. His corage a trustie fréend to king Edward the fourth 664 a 60 b 10. The right one order taken for the shewing of him abrode 765 b 30. Had in feare gelousie in forren regions 787 b 60. Shewed openlie in procession 766 a 10. His manlie corage 982 a 50. His presence greatlie incorageth the English souldiors 987 a 10 His request and message to the erle of Huntleie 984 a 20. Arreigned of treason Confesseth it submitteth himselfe is pardoned 492 a 50 60 b 10. In highest authoritie 1061 b 10. Commended he is slaine 727 a 60. Sent against the rebelles in the north 1212 b 40. Commended 1205 a 50. Deceaseth 404 b 20. His valiantnesse 1204 a 60. Shot thorough the thigh with an harquebuse b 50. Noble men of France sent vnto him from the admerall about conference 1199b 30. Landeth at Newhauen 1196 a 20. An oth taken by him and his officers 30. He and the Rheingraue talke togither b 10. He appointed to go against Norffolke rebels 1034 b 30. Commeth to Cambridge b 40. He sendeth an herald at armes to the rebels offering pardon c 1036 a 10 c. Counsell giuen him to abandon Norwich goeth foorth to giue the enimies battell 1038 a 60 b 70. The rebels yéeld to him sheweth them mercie 1039 b 20 Counterâ—et of Warwike ¶ Sée Simeneâ—â— Of Wiltshire and others spoile Newberie he saileth ouer seas 653 b 20 30. The duke of Buckinghams brother 803 b 20. Of Winchester besieged by his owne tenants 240 b 10. Reprochfullie executed 339 a 50. Of Worcester gouernor to the prince slippeth from him 522 b 30. And others beheaded 523 b 60 Erles of Chester the true and famous genealogie 221 a 10 Tooke end in Iohn Scot 221 a 10. Of Leicester from the first to the last by succession set downe in a collection 1419 a 40 c vnto 1424 b 10. Of Richmond line that first bare their title of honor of the said castle and towne 7 b 20 Erles created 332 a 20 568 a 60 347 b 60. 892 a 50.912 b 50. And dukes created 395 b 50. And barons 960 a 20. And lords 1061 a 40 1228 a 60 b 10. At a parlement 353 a 30. Thrée taken and beheaded 183 b 10 Erledome of March purchased 102 a 50. Erminfred bishop of Sion or Sitlen a chéefe commissioner from pope Alexander 8 b 60. Ermingard vicount Beaumonts daughter married to William king of Scots 110 a 60 Erthquake 217 b 50. In Kent c 1313 10. Ouer all England 109 a 40. Generall in England 11 b 50. In H. the firsts time 39 b 10. Sensible and visible 44 b 40. That did much hurt 440 b 40. In the fourtéenth of duke Williams reigne 14 a 30. Uniuersall how frightfull and hurtfull 1311 a 20. c That ouerthrew buildings 239 b 20. At saint Albons counted strange and whie 243 a 60. That ouerthrew houses 241 a 60. Generall did much hurt 278 a 30. In diuerse places of England 1206 a 20 30 In sundrie places of England and what harme was thereby doone 1260 b 10. After a thunder 204 b 40 With lightening and thunder c 277 b 40 note Erth lifted vp it selfe like a huge towre 102 b 60. Remooued in Dorsetshire 1353 a 20. And trées soonke and swallowed vp in Kent note 1413 b 20 30. Strangelie moouing in the countie of Hereford 1224 b 10 Escâ—age demanded note 213 a 20. Granted 233 b 40 248 a 40 262 a 10. Paid 203 a 60. Gathered twentie shillings of euerie knights fée 230 b 50. Termed the great 229 a 50 Espeke Walter the first that brought the order of white monks into England 26 a 60 Essexmen beginers of a shrewd rebellion 429 b 60. They prosecute it 430 c. Ester daie fell at the highest namelie on saint Marks daie 167 a 60 Esterlings ¶ Sée Riot Estouteuille Robert taken prisoner 33 a 40 Euill Maie daie ¶ Sée Rebellion of Lincolne Euers constable of Douer castell c 480 a 20. Lord that now liueth his noble ancestrie 412 b 50. Knight his good seruice in the North 942 b 30. His prowesse and valiant seruice 962 b 30. Slaine 968 a 60 Eureux citie yéelded vnto the Frenchmen 386 b 50. Taken by treason 619 b 60 Eustace earle of Bullongne against William Rufus 17 b 60. Sonne to king Stephen duke of Normandie 48 a 40. Angrie with his father 60 a 60. He dieth ¶ Sée Moonke Exactions cause commotions 626 b 10. Great 145 a 40. With shifts of extortion practised 146 a 10. New and strange note 496 a 20. Intollerable 239 b 10. ¶ Sée Couetousnes Subsidies c. Taxes Tenths and Tributes Example euill how it preuaileth 430 a 60. Of great ones what it dooth for imitation 845 b 60 Execution without iudgement vpon noblemen 673 a 30 693 a 50. Of the duke of Buckingham without arreignment or iudgement 744 b 10 Excester rebelled against duke William and is subdued 6 b 10. Preserued from fier 784 a 10. Besieged the loialtie of the citizens 1002 b 40 60. Citie described with the sundrie assaults of the same 1007 b 10 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014. Commended for loue and loiall seruice to the king and state note 1047 b 40 50. Noble true 1048 a 10. Great practises to procure the citizens thereof to ioine with the Deuonshire rebels note 1020 a 30 c. The antiquitie foundation and building of the cathedrall church of saint Peters in Excester 10â—7 a 20 c. ¶ Sée Clergie Edward the fourth and Richard the third Excommunication denounced against the rebellâ—ous barons in king Iohns time 188 b 60 Of Romish vsurers and the excommunicator called to his answer 219 b 10. A â—art that made both king and people to quaile 223 b 60. Of préest for incontinencie 242 a 60. And suspension threâ—tned against the English clergie 239 a 40. Thretned to such as assisted king Iohn 181 a 50. Of Lewis the French kings sonne by name 192 a 20. By name and in particular 190 a 10. Of king Iohn when it was to be released 178 b 40. Of Guie de Montfort 277. a 40. Of duke Leopald for unprisoning of Richard the fourth 147. a 50. Extended to the dead buried note 392 a 10. Flashed and thundered out against the Wicleuists note 484 a 10 c Threatened against attempters of tumults 205 b 60. The feare thereof constreined a contribution 211 a 10. Of pope Sixtus quintus estéemed as nothing note 1401 a 40 c ¶ Sée Legats Popes and Préests