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A51734 De termino vitæ; or The term of life Viz. Whether it is fix'd or alterable; with the sense of the Jewish doctors, both ancient and modern, touching predestination and free-will. Also an explication of several obscure passages and prophecies in the Old Testament; together with some remarkable customs observ'd by the Jews. Written in Latin by the famous Menasseh Ben Israel the Jew and now translated into English. To which are added, the author's life, never before publish'd; and a catalogue of his works.; De termino vitæ. English. Manasseh ben Israel, 1604-1657. 1700 (1700) Wing M374; ESTC R217049 59,956 151

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see that the Trade of Lisbon has mightily decay'd since the Jews were banish'd from thence 7. So Ezekiel in Chap. 36.13 seems to foretell that Calumny which was fasten'd upon some of the Jews that they Sacrificed Children and then drank their Blood But this slander is not unlike that which the Gentiles cast upon the Christians of their eating Infants and drinking Men's Blood as is plain in Tertullian's Apology Pineda's Eccl. Hist B. 11. c. 32. and Justin Martyr who for this Reason wrote an Apology for the Christians to Antoninus Eusebius Bishop of Caesarea B. 5. c. 1. also relates that some People in France us'd to asperse the Christians for eating Man's flesh But thus it is Ambitious and envious Men are easily provok'd to slander Therefore let John Langius in the 71st Epist of his first B. say what he pleases But I solemnly protest before the God of Israel the Maker of Heaven and Earth in whose Presence I stand that the Jews are so far from Sacrificing Children or eating Men's Flesh and drinking their Blood that they have no Sacrifices at all and utterly abhor the use of any Blood Though indeed the Law of God does not prohibit abstinence from all kind of Blood but only that of Beasts and Birds yet in obedience to the Doctrine of the Rabbins they even abstain from that of Fish Nay if they perceive the least Particle of Blood in an Egg they throw it away And if while they are eating discern the least Drop of Blood on their Meat or Bread which may proceed from the Tenderness of their Gums they will not touch it any more till it is cleans'd or rather they fling it away How is it probable then that they would drink the Blood of Men when they can't endure any Blood in their Victuals 8. That prediction was verified which is spoken of in Hosea c. 3.4 For the Children of Israel shall abide many days without a King and without a Prince and without a Sacrifice c. And this seems to be their condition at present and because this was to continue many days therefore Zion says The Lord hath forsaken me and my Lord hath forgotten me Isa 49.14 Thus David also sadly complains of this thing to God Psal 89.20 to the End 9. The Prophet Amos foretells the miserable Captivity of the Jews under Titus Chap. 1.9 This prediction is meant of those who escaping the Hands of Titus and flying by Palaestine and the Borders of Tyrus were apprehended by the Tyrians and sent back to Edom i. e. to Titus and his Army They forgetting the Covenant which their Fathers had made with the Israelites whom they call'd Brethren as is express'd in 1 Kings 9.13 What Cities are these which thou hast given me my Brother 10. Jonas said Ch. 3.4 Yet forty days and Nineveh shall he destroyed This Prophecy also had its Event for it was conditional viz. unless it would repent Now their Repentance was the Cause of God's altering his Sentence and averting that Destruction which he threatned 11. Haggai the Prophet says Ch. 2.9 The Glory of this latter House shall be greater than of the former saith the Lord of Hosts and in this place will I give Peace Some understand by the latter House a third Temple which the Jews expect For they think if the Prophet had meant Esdras's Temple he would have said the Second not the Latter because by saying the Latter he implies a Middle one Another reason of their Opinion is because it is said In this place will I give peace Now say they under the Second there were a great many Wars Others understand it of the second Temple among whom are R. David Kimchi and most of the Antients For this seem'd to excell the former First in respect of Duration because that lasted but 410 and this 420 Years 2ly in respect of the great Esteem it was in among Foreign Princes Lastly upon the Account of the great Presents that they made to it For Darius and Artaxerxes generously bestow'd several Gifts towards building the Temple and Divine Sacrifices Alexander the Great highly reverenc'd the Chief Priest and desir'd that he would offer Sacrifices to God for him No body can be ignorant of Ptolemy Philadelphus's Bounty towards it Antiochus King of Greece by a publick Edict forbad all Strangers to enter the Temple and prophane that Place which the Jews had consecrated for the Service of their Religion the same was done by Demetrius To this we may refer what was urg'd among many other things by a Jewish Priest in defence of his Cause at the time when the Jews and the Samaritans disputed before Alexander the Great about the Honour and Dignity of the Temple says he This Temple has been much reverenc'd by all the Kings of Asia who have bestow'd upon it many noble Donatives We read in F. Josephus contr Appion that Ptolemy Evergetes after his Conquest of Syria offer'd Sacrifices at Jerusalem after the Jewish manner to the true God and not to Idols Pompey the Great did not dare to touch much less to rifle the Treasury of the Temple It was a Mistake of Cicero's in his Orat pro Plan. and St. Augustin's too to say that he did not do it because he would not be thought too ambitious I am sure this Reason is too absurd for he might have done it if he pleased by the Law of Arms. But the true Cause of his forbearance was the mighty veneration which he had entertain'd for the Temple Philo the Jew out of a Letter of Agrippa's to the Emperour Caius reports these things Caesar Aug. out of respect to the Temple commanded that a Sacrifice should be offer'd every day out of his own Revenue And Julia Augusta his Consort bestow'd several magnificent Gifts upon it It was also much oblig'd to the Generosity of Cleopatra Queen of Egypt Tiberius every Year of his Reign commanded that a Sacrifice should be offer'd to God out of his Tribute and so did Nero. But when Eleazar very imprudently refus'd to admit of Nero's Sacrifice the Emperour chang'd his mind and grievously persecuted the Jews I shall not make mention of those who seeing the Religion of the Jews were converted to the Worship of the true God It is very remarkable that all the time that Herod was building the Temple it did not rain which was done no doubt for the greater Honour of it All that I have said here was to shew that the Prophecy of Haggai is to be understood of the Second Temple SECT 6. There are other Prophecies likewise which were exacily fullfill'd 1. Daniel not only foretold the four Monarchies which should Rule over Jerusalem but he express'd the very Qualities and Nature of them For one part of that Image that was represented to him compounded of four several Metals which was Gold denoted the Kingdom of Babylon and that exceeded all the rest in Power That part which was Silver signified the Kingdom of the Medes but this was
Reason is this because of the Accusations and Complaints of Rehum and Shimshai in the Reign of Cyrus the Temple was not finish'd only the Foundation laid till the second year of Darius which was 22 years after But when Cyrus had given abundance of Gold and Silver towards the Re-edification of the Temple and had releas'd a great many Slaves therefore it is said in the next Chapter v. 13. I have rais'd him up in Righteousness and I will direct all his ways he shall build my City and shall let go my Captives not for Price nor Reward saith the Lord of Hosts 4. It was likewise foretold by the Prophet that the Temple should be destroy'd by the Jews themselves For after the tedious Lamentations of the People in the time of the Captivity he adds these words Chap. 49.14 But Zion said the Lord hath forsaken me and my Lord hath forgotten me Thy Children shall make haste thy Destroyers and they that made thee wast shall go forth of thee v. 17. This was fulfill'd when Simen and Jonathan and others by their intestine Seditions hasten'd the Destruction of the Temple Whence F. Josephus speaks thus of the Wars of the Jews B. 7. c. 4. Who is ignorant of the Writings of the ancient Prophets and their Prophecies wherein this wretched City is foretold to be destroy'd by those that being born Jews murder our own Nation and now not only the City but the Temple is full of the dead Bodies 5. Isaiah the Prophet saith Chap. 54.17 No Weapon that is form'd against thee shall prosper and every tongue that shall rise against thee in Judgment thou shalt condemn This is the heritage of the servants of the Lord and their Righteousness is of me saith the Lord. This Prophecy was also fulfill'd for almost all Nations have oppos'd the Jewish Law some by Arguments and some by Force Therefore it is said no Weapon of War and every Tongue c. For Writers in the midst of their Endeavours have wanted Success Then says the Prophet shall not Prosper c. This is manifestly verified in the Example of Nebuchadnezzar who seduc'd all the Jews to worship Idols except Daniel Hananiah Mishael and Azariah who did not renounce their Religion But what was the Consequence God inflicted condign Punishment upon the King and Truth was restor'd again The Graecians also were no less cruel and severe to the Jews For they compell'd them to prophane the Sabbath and omit Circumcision but what was worse to write upon their Garments We have no Portion in the Lord God of Israel And these words they were forc'd to burn into the Horns of their Oxen if they would make use of them After this manner the Jews were persecuted for 52 years at last God reveng'd himself upon Antiochus and all the Graecians by the Subversion of the Empire and the Laws while the Jews preserv'd theirs In remembrance of so rigorous a Persecution the old Men whensoever they relate the Edicts of the Graecians against the Jews always conclude with this Speech And let Peace be upon Israel And here I may speak of Emanuel King of Portugal What Advantage was it to him to compel the Jews by Cruelty to become Christians He was so far from advancing his Interest by it that it was a vast Prejudice to his Kingdom For the Nation was almost depopulated the Jews retiring into such Countries where they might be more Civilly treated and where they might more freely exercise their Religion Besides he died within a few years after and after all he did not obtain so much Honour by it as he expected Osorius the Kings Historiographer lib. 1. seems to rebuke him very sharply and freely for that thing when he says This was done neither out of Law or Religion What then Do you endeavour to oblige a Contumacious People to believe those things which they so much despise and abhor Do you pretend to abridge the Freedom of Man's Will and check unruly Minds But that is impossible neither does Christ the most Holy God approve of it He desires a voluntary not a compulsive Sacrifice from us neither would he have our Consciences impos'd upon but that our Wills should be invited and courted to the Practice of true Religion and in another place he calls this Action wicked and unjust See how the Prophets Prediction is fulfill'd in him shall not Prosper viz. while he endeavours to compel the Jews to renounce their Religion Hither may we refer what is mention'd in Solomon's Song Chap. 6.13 Return Return O Shulamite Return Return that we may look upon thee What will ye see in the Shulamite As it were the Company of two Armies It is four times said Return in respect of the four Monarchies under which the Israelites liv'd For the Jews are this perfect Shulamite For as much as the Gentiles endeavour'd to divert us from the Worship of the true God by the Promises of honourable and noble Rewards yet the Shulamite courageously answers That he does not value all the Honours they propose For they are much inferior to those Honours which were exhibited on Mount Sinai to which the Hosts of Israel and the Angelick Choire approach'd as David expresses himself Psal 68.17 This is very remarkable that the Laws of Plato Lycurgus and other such wise Men are quite decay'd while Moses's Statutes continue to this very time and whose Rites and Ceremonies are observ'd by several People 6. Many things likewise have come to pass which where foretold by Ezekiel long before as that in Chap. 22.15 And I will scatter thee among the Heathen and disperse thee in the Countries and will consume thy Filthiness out of thee This must be understood of the Jewish Captivity under the Romans not Nebuchadnezzar For then the Jews were not dispers'd into all parts of the World neither were they free from Pollution by Reason of their Marriages with Strangers and the Profanation of the Sabbath and other Sins Wherefore they were once more lead into Captivity by the Romans and then scatter'd all over the World after that the Romans had subdued other Nations and reconcil'd them by the Mildness of their Government Otherwise it would have been no easie matter to vanquish the Jews by force After the Romans had Conquer'd them and turn'd 'em out of Doors they settl'd themselves in Spain Italy Africk England and other Countreys so that it might be justly said of them as it was of the Trojans that they should esteem it an Honour to be banish'd out of their own Countrey For before their Dominion was confin'd but now they were Lords of all the World In the same manner the Jews after their Banishment like Plants which are remov'd were admitted into the most populous Cities and seated in the securest Parts of ' em We know by Experience that those Cities have flourish'd most where the Jews have liv'd upon this Account because they are very much inclin'd to promote the Trade of Merchandize Thus we