Interest in the Priesthood as it was Established by Law 2. He had no Genealogy upon the Priestly Line And that which is Recorded of him on other accounts is so far from having respect unto his Right unto the Priesthood of the Law that it directly proves and demonstrates that he had none For his Genealogy is evidently of the Tribe of Judah which was excluded Legally from that Office as we have besides the Institution an Instance in King Uzziah 2 Chron. 26. 16 17 18. from Exod. 30. 7. Numb 18. 7. Hence our Apostle concludes That had he been on the Earth that is under the Order of the Law he could not have been a Priest there being others who by virtue of their Descent had alone the Right thereunto Heb. 8. 3 4. Wherefore God in these things Instructed the Church that he would erect a Priesthood which should no way depend on Natural Generation Descent or Genealogy whence it inevitably follows that the state of the Priesthood under the Law was to cease and to give place unto another which our Apostle principally designs to prove 3. In this respect also the Lord Christ was without Beginning of Days and End of Life For although in his Humane Nature he was both Born and Died yet he had a Priesthood which had no such Beginning of Days as that it should be traduced from any other to him nor shall ever cease or be delivered over from him unto any other but abides unto the consummation of all things In these things was Melchisedec made like unto Christ whom the Apostle here calls the Son of God made like unto the Son of God I have formerly observed in this Epistle that the Apostle makes mention of the Lord Christ under various Appellations on various Occasions so that in one place or another he makes Use of all the Names whereby he is signified in the Scripture Here he calls him the Son of God and that 1. To intimate that although Melchisedec were an Excellent Person yet was he infinitely beneath him whom he Represented even the Son of God He was not the Son of God but he had the Honour in so many things to be made like unto him 2. To declare how all these things which were any way Represented in Melchisedec or couched in the Story or left unto Enquiry by the vail of silence drawn over them could be fulfilled in our High Priest And it was from hence namely that he was the Son of God By virtue hereof was he capable of an always-living abiding uninterrupted Priesthood although as to his Humane Nature he once died in the Discharge of that Office This Description being given of the Person treated of which makes up the Subject of the Proposition it is affirmed concerning him that he abideth a Priest for ever For any thing we find in the Story of his Death or the Resignation of his Office or the Succession of any one unto him therein he abideth a Priest for ever Some I find have been venturing at some obscure Conjectures of the perpetuity of the Priesthood of Melchisedec in Heaven But I cannot perceive that they well understood themselves what they intended Nor did they consider that the real continuance of the Priesthood for ever in the Person of Melchisedec is as inconsistent with the Priesthood of Christ as the continuance of the same Office in the Line of Aaron But things are so related concerning him in the Scripture as that there is no mention of the ending of the Priesthood of his Order nor of his own Personal Administration of his Office by Death or otherwise Hence is he said to abide a Priest for ever This was that which our Apostle principally designed to confirm from hence namely that there was in the Scripture before the Institution of the Aaronical Priesthood a Representation of an Eternal unchangeable Priesthood to be introduced in the Church which he demonstrates to be that of Jesus Christ. It may not be amiss in the close of this Exposition of these Verses summarily to represent the several particulars wherein the Apostle would have us to observe the likeness between Melchisedec and Christ or rather the especial Excellencies and Properties of Christ that were Represented in the Account given of the Name Reign Person and Office of Melchisedec As 1. He was said to be and he really was and he only first the King of Righteousness and then the King of Peace seeing he alone brought in Everlasting Righteousness and made Peace with God for Sinners And in his Kingdom alone are these things to be found 2. He was really and truly the Priest of the High God and properly he was so alone He offered that Sacrifice and made that Attonement which was signified by all the Sacrifices Offered by Holy Men from the Foundation of the World 3. He Blesseth all the Faithful as Abraham the Father of the Faithful was Blessed by Melchisedec In him were they to be Blessed by him are they Blessed through him delivered from the Curse and all the Fruits of it nor are they Partakers of any Blessing but from him 4. He receiveth all the Homage of his People all their grateful Acknowledgments of the Love and Favour of God in the Conquest of their Spiritual Adversaries and Deliverance from them as Melchisedec received the Tenth of the Spoils from Abraham 5. He was really without Progenitors or Predecessors unto his Office nor would I exclude that Mystical sence from the intention of the place that he was without Father as to his Humane Nature and without Mother as to his Divine 6. He was a Priest without Genealogy or Derivation of his Pedigree from the Loyns of Aaron or any other that ever was a Priest in the World and moreover Mysteriously was of a Generation which none can declare 7. He had in his Divine Person as the High Priest of the Church neither Beginning of Days nor End of Life as no such thing is reported of Melchisedec For the Death which he underwent in the Discharge of his Office being not the death of his whole Person but of his Humane Nature only no Interruption of his endless Office did ensue thereon For although the Person of the Son of God died whence God is said to Redeem his Church with his own Blood Acts 20. 28. yet he died not in his whole Person But as the Son of man was in Heaven whilst he was speaking on the Earth John 3. 13. namely he was so in his Divine Nature so whilst he was dead in the Earth in his Humane Nature the same Person was alive in his Divine Absolutely therefore nor in respect of his Office he had neither Beginning of Days nor end of Life 8. He was really the Son of God as Melchisedec in many Circumstances was made like to the Son of God 9. He alone abideth a Priest for ever whereof we must particularly treat afterwards The Doctrinal Observations that may be taken from these Verses
press on unto Perfection then 1 This Illative 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seems to have respect unto the Time in the first Place which these Hebrews had enjoyed under the means of growth in the Knowledge of Christ on the account whereof he affirms that it might be justly expected concerning them that they should be Teachers of others Therefore saith he or on the consideration hereof it is just and equal that you should go on towards Perfection which that they would do he expresseth his Hopes concerning them v. 9. 2 It respects also that Negligence and Sloth and backwardness to learn which he had reproved in them As if he had said Seeing therefore you have hitherto been so careless in the Improvement of the means which you have enjoyed which hath been no small Fault or Evil in you but that which hath tended greatly to your disadvantage now at last stir up your selves unto your Duty and go on to Perfection We need not precisely to determine this Connexion so as to Exclude either Intention Yea it may be the Apostle having respect unto the preceding Discourse and considering thereon both the present condition of the Hebrews as also the necessity that there was of instructing them in the mystery of the Priesthood of Christ without the Knowledge whereof they could not be freed from their entanglements unto the Aaronical Priesthood and Ceremonies which were yet in Use and Exercise among them doth intend in this Inference from thence both his own Duty and theirs that he should proceed unto their farther Instruction and that they should stir up themselves to learn and profit accordingly This the Duty of his Office and Care of them and this their Advantage and Edification required For this alone was the great means and expedient to bring them off in a due manner and upon right grounds from that compliance with Judaisme which God would now no longer connive at nor tolerate the practice of as that which was inconsistent with the Nature and Design of the Gospel And it is apparent that before the writing of this Epistle they were not sufficiently convinced that there was an absolute End put unto all Mosaical Institutions For notwithstanding their Profession of the Gospel they still thought it their Duty to abide in the Observation of them But now the Apostle designs their Instruction in that mystery which particularly evinceth their Inconsistency with Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and Obedience unto him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Omittentes relinquentes we leaving 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is sometimes dimitto to dismiss to discharge or let go sometimes omitto missum facio to omit to pass by And it is used with respect unto Speech of things that have been already mentioned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Lucian omitting these Discourses laying aside farther Speech concerning these things So is it here used by our Apostle But the signification of the word is to be limited unto the present occasion For consider the things here spoken of absolutely and they are never to be left either by Teachers or Hearers There is a Necessity that Teachers should often insist on the Rudiments or first Principles of Religion And this not only with respect unto them who are continually to be trained up in Knowledge from their Infancy or unto such as may be newly converted but also they are occasionally to be inculcated on the minds of those who have made a farther Progress in Knowledge And this course we find our Apostle to have steered in all his Epistles Nor are any Hearers so to leave these Principles as to forget them or not duely to make use of them Cast aside a constant regard unto them in their proper Place and no Progress can be made in Knowledge no more than a Building can be carried on when the Foundation is taken away But respect is had on both sides unto the present Occasion Let us not always dwell upon the Teaching and Learning of these things but omitting them for a Season as things that you are or might be well acquainted withall let us proceed unto what is farther necessary for you It is the Duty of Ministers of the Gospel to take care not only that their Doctrine they Preach be true but also that it be seasonable with respect unto the State and Condition of their Hearers Herein consists no small part of that Wisdom which is required in the Dispensation of the word Truths unseasonable are like Showers in Harvest It is a word spoken in Season that is Beautiful and Useful Prov. 25. 11. Yea every thing is beautiful in its own Time and not else Ecclesiast 3. 11. And two things are especially to be considered by him who would order his Doctrine aright that his words may be fit meet and seasonable First the Condition of his Hearers as to their present Knowledge and Capacity Suppose them to be persons as the Apostle speaks of full Age such as can receive and digest strong meat that have already attained some good Acquaintance with the mysteries of the Gospel In Preaching unto such an Auditory if men through want of Ability to do otherwise or want of Wisdom to know when they ought to do otherwise shall constantly treat of first Principles or things common and obvious it will not only be unuseful unto their Edification but also at length make them weary of the Ordinance it self And there will be no better Effect on the other side where the Hearers being mostly weak the more abstruse mysteries of Truth are insisted on without a prudent accommodation of matters suited unto their capacity It is therefore the Duty of Stewards in the House of God to give unto his Houshold their proper Portion This is the blessed Advice our Apostle gives to Timothy 2 Tim. 2. 15. Study to shew thy self approved unto God a Work-man that needeth not to be ashamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rightly cutting out the word of Truth This is that whereby a Minister may evince himself to be a Work-man that needeth not to be ashamed If as when the Beasts that were Sacrificed being cut into Pieces the Priest according to the Law disposed of the Parts of it unto the Altar himself and him that brought it that each in the Division might have his proper and Legal Portion so he give out a due and proper part unto his Hearers he is an approved Work-man Others cast all things into Confusion and Disorder which will at length redound unto their own shame Now whereas in all Churches Auditories or Congregations there is so great a variety of Hearers with respect unto their present Attainments Knowledge and Capacities so that it is impossible that any one should always or indeed very frequently accommodate his matter and way of Instruction to them all it were greatly to be desired that there might be as there was in the Primitive Church a Distribution made of Hearers into several Orders or Ranks according as their
Sin from occasional Resolutions Upon some smart of Conviction from Danger Sickness Trouble Fear Affliction there blooms in the minds of many a suddain Resolution to forsake Sin and as suddainly for the most part it fades again True Repentance firms a steady and unshaken resolution in the Heart which respects the forsaking of all Sin and at all Times or Occasions 2 Constant Endeavours to actuate and fulfill this purpose And these Endeavours respect all the Means Causes Occasions Temptations leading unto Sin that they may be avoided opposed and Deliverance obtained from them as also all means advantages and furtherance of those Graces and Duties which are opposed to these Dead works that they may be improved An Heartless unactive Purpose is that which many take up withall and ruine their Souls by Where therefore there is not a sedulous Endeavour by Watchfulness and Diligence in the constant use of all means to avoid all dead works in all their concerns from their first Rise and Principle to their finishing or Consummation there is no True Repentance from them 3 An actual Relinquishment of all sins in the course of our walking before God And hereunto is required 1 not an absolute freedom from all Sin for there is no man living who doth good and sinneth not 2 No absolute and precise deliverance even from great Sins whereinto the Soul may be surprized by the Power of Temptations Examples to the contrary abound in the Scripture But yet such Sins when any is overtaken with them ought 1 to put the Sinner upon a severe enquiry whether his Repentance were sincere and saving For where it is usually the Soul is preserved from such Falls 2 Pet. 1. 10. And 2 put him upon the renewing his Repentance with the same Care Diligence Sorrow and Humiliation as at the first But 1 it is required that this property of Repentance be prevalent against the common sins of the world mens old Sins which they lived in before their Conversion Those Sins which are expresly declared in the Gospel to be inconsistent with the Profession Ends and Glory of it it wholly excludes 1 Cor. 6. 9 10. 2 Cor. 6. 16. 1 Joh. 3. 14 15. And 2 against a course in any Sin or Sins either spiritual or fleshly internal or external 1 Joh. 3. 9. Rom. 6. 2. 3 For the most part against all outward Sins in the course of our Conversation in the world in which things our Sincerity or Perfection is exercised And these things were necessary to be touched on to manifest the Nature of this first Principle wherein men are to be instructed There is no Interest in Christ or Christian Religion to be obtained without Repentance from Dead works nor any orderly entrance into a Gospel Church State without a credible Profession thereof This was one of the first things that was preached unto Sinners as was before declared and without a compliance herewith they were not further to be treated with For 1 The Lord Christ came not only to save men from their Sins but to turn them from their Sins to turn them from their Sins that they may be saved from them when he comes out of Sion as a Redeemer a Deliverer a Saviour he turns away ungodliness from Jacob that is he turns Jacob from ungodliness Rom. 11. 26. namely by Repentance This was one principal End of the Birth Life Death and Exaltation of Christ. His work in all these was to make Peace and Reconciliation between God and Man Hereunto belongeth the Slaying Destruction or removal of the Enmity that was between them This with respect unto God was done by the Attonement he made the Sacrifice he offered and the Price of Redemption that he paid 2 Cor. 5. 21. But the whole work is not hereby compleated The Enmity on our part also must be taken away or Reconciliation will not be finished Now we were Enemies in our minds by wicked works Col. 1. 21. and thereby alienated from the Life of God Ephes. 4. 18. The removal hereof consists in this Repentance For that is our turning unto God upon the Terms of Peace tendred unto us They therefore do but deceive their own Souls who trust unto Peace with God on the Mediation of Christ who are not at Peace with God in their own Souls by Repentance For the one is not without the other As he who is at Peace with God on his own part by Repentance shall never fail of Peace from God by the Attonement for he that so lays hold on his Arm and Strength that he may have Peace shall be sure to obtain it Isa. 27. 3. So without this whatever Notions men may have of Reconciliation with God they will find him in the issue as devouring Fire or Everlasting Burnings All Doctrines Notions or Perswasions that tend to alleviate the necessity of that personal Repentance which was before described or would substitute any outward Pennance or Corporeal pecuniary poenal Satisfaction in the room thereof are pernicious to the Souls of men And there is nothing so much to be dreaded or abhorred as a pretence taken unto Sin unto any Sin without Repentance from the Grace or Doctrine of the Gospel Shall we continue in Sin saith our Apostle that Grace may abound God forbid Those who do so and thereby turn the Grace of God into Lasciviousness are among the number of them whose Damnation sleepeth not 2 That any person living in Sin without Repentance should have an Interest in Christ or Christian Religion is inconsistent with the Glory of God the Honour of Jesus Christ and would render the Gospel if taught therein a Doctrine fit to be rejected by all men For where is the Glory of the Righteousness or Holiness of God if impenitent Sinners may be accepted with him Besides that it is contrary unto the whole Declaration of himself that he will not acquit the Guilty that he will not justifie the wicked nor accept the ungodly it hath an absolute inconsistency with the especial Righteousness of his Nature and which he exerciseth as the supream Rector and Judge of all that any such persons should approach before him or stand in his sight Psal. 5. 4 5 6. Rom. 1. 32. And for the Lord Jesus Christ it would plainly make him the Minister of Sin the thought whereof our Apostle so detests Gal. 2. 17. Nay a supposition hereof would make the coming of Christ to be the greatest means of letting in and increasing Sin on the world that ever was since the fall of Adam And the Gospel must then be looked on as a Doctrine meet to be abandoned by all wise and sober persons as that which would tend unavoidably to the debauching of mankind and the ruine of humane Society For whereas it doth openly and avowedly propose and declare the Pardon and remission of Sin of all sorts of Sin to all sorts of persons that shall believe and obey it if it did this without annexing unto its Promise the
had unto the whole System of those Laws and Institutions of Worship which our Apostle as was also before observed calls Carnal Ordinances imposed unto the Time of Reformation Chap. 9. 10. They were all Carnal in opposition unto the Dispensation of the Spirit under the Gospel and the Institutions thereof None of these ways was the Lord Christ made a Priest He was not dedicated unto his Office by the Sacrifice of Beasts but Sanctified himself thereunto when he Offered himself through the Eternal Spirit unto God and was consummate in his own Blood He was not of the Carnal Seed of Aaron nor did nor could claim any Succession unto the Priesthood by virtue of an Extraction from his Race And no constitution of the Law in general no Ordinance of it did convey unto him either Right or Title unto the Priesthood It is therefore Evident that he was in no sense made a Priest according to the Law of a Carnal Commandment neither had he either Right Power or Authority to exercise the Sacerdotal Function in the observation of any Carnal Rites or Ordinances whatever And we may observe That what seemed to be wanting unto Christ in his entrance into any of his Offices or in the Discharge of them was on the account of a greater Glory Aaron was made a Priest with a great outward Solemnity The Sacrifices which were Offered and the Garments he put on with his visible separation from the rest of the People had a great Ceremonial Glory in them There was nothing of all this nor any thing like unto it in the Consecration of the Lord Christ unto his Office But yet indeed these things had no Glory in comparison of that excelling Glory which accompanied those invisible Acts of Divine Authority VVisdom and Grace which communicated his Office unto him And indeed in the VVorship of God who is a Spirit all outward Ceremony is a diminution and debasement of it Hence were Ceremonies for Beauty and Glory multiplyed under the Old Testament but yet as the Apostle shews were all but Carnal But as the sending of Christ himself and his Investiture with all his Offices were by Secret and Invisible Acts of God and his Spirit so all Evangelical VVorship as to the Glory of it is Spiritual and Internal only And the removal of the Old Pompous Ceremonies from our VVorship is but the taking away of the Veil which hindred from an insight and entrance into the Holy place 2. The way and manner whereby the Lord Christ was made a Priest is expressed positively 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But according unto the Power of an indissoluble Life 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 denotes an Opposition between the way rejected and this asserted as those which were not consistent He was not made a Priest that way but this How is Christ then made a Priest according to the Power of an endless Life That is saith one in his Paraphrase installed into the Priesthood after his Resurrection VVhat is meant by installed I well know not It should seem to be the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecrated Dedicated Initiated And if so this Exposition diverts wholly from the Truth For Christ was installed into his Office of Priesthood before his Resurrection or he did not Offer himself as a Sacrifice unto God in his Death and Blood-shedding And to suppose that the Lord Christ discharged and performed the principal Act of his Sacerdotal Office which was but once to be performed before he was installed a Priest is contradictory to Scripture and Reason it self Ideo ad vitam im mortalem perductus est ut in aeternum sacrdos noster esset He was therefore brought unto an Immortal Life that he might be our Priest for ever saith another But this is not to be made a Priest according to the Power of an endless Life If he means that he might always continue to be a Priest and to execute that Office always unto the consummation of all things what he says is true but not the sence of this place but if he means that he became Immortal after his Resurrection that he might be our Priest and abide so for ever it excludes his Oblation in his Death from being a proper Sacerdotal Act which that it was I have sufficiently proved elsewhere against Crellius and others Some think that the endless life intended is that of Believers which the Lord Christ by virtue of his Priestly Office confers upon them The Priests under the Law proceeded no further but to discharge Carnal Rites which could not confer Eternal life on them for whom they Ministred But the Lord Christ in the Discharge of his Office procureth Eternal Redemption and Everlasting life for Believers And these things are true but they comprise not the meaning of the Apostle in this place For how can Christ be made a Priest according to the Power of that Eternal Life which he confers on others For the comparison and opposition that is made between the Law of a Carnal Commandment whereby Aaron was constituted a Priest and the Power of an endless Life whereby Christ was made so do Evidence that the making of Christ a Priest not absolutely which the Apostle treats not of but such a Priest as he is was the Effect of this endless Life VVherefore the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the indissoluble Life here intended is the life of Christ himself Hereunto belonged or from hence did proceed that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Power whereby he was made a Priest And both the Office it self and the Execution or Discharge of it are here intended And as to the Office it self this Eternal or endless life of Christ is his life as the Son of God Hereon depends his own Mediatory life for ever and his conferring of Eternal life on us John 5. 26 27. And to be a Priest by virtue of or according unto this Power stands in direct opposition unto the Law of a Carnal Commandment It must therefore be enquired how the Lord Christ was made a Priest according unto this power And I say it was because thereby alone he was rendred meet to discharge that Office wherein God was to redeem his Church with his own Blood Acts 20. 28. By Power therefore here both meetness and ability are intended And both these the Lord Christ had from his Divine Nature and his endless life therein Or it may be the Life of Christ in his Humane Nature is intended in opposition unto those Priests who being made so by the Law of a Carnal Commandment did not continue in the Discharge of their Office by reason of Death as our Apostle observes afterwards But it will be said that this Natural life of Christ the life of the Humane Nature was not Endless but had an End put unto it in the Dissolution of his Soul and Body on the Cross. I say therefore this life of Christ was not absolutely the life of the Humane Nature considered separately from his
had Apostatized from him despised his Authority and rebelled against him falling thereby under the sentence and curse of the Law should again be received into his favour and be made partakers of Grace and Glory This therefore the Lord Christ took upon himself as the Surety of the Covenant 2. That those who were to be taken into this Covenant should receive Grace enabling them to comply with the Terms of it fulfil its conditions and yield the obedience which God required therein For by the Ordination of God he was to procure and did merit and procure for them the Holy Spirit and all the needful supplies of Grace to make them New Creatures and enable them to yield obedience unto God from a New Principle of spiritual life and that faithful unto the end So was he the Surety of this better Covenant Obs. The stability of the New Covenant depends on the Suretiship of Christ and is secured unto Believers thereby The Introduction of a Surety in any case is to give Stability and Security For it is never done but on a supposition of some weakness or defect on one Account or other If in any Contract Bargain or Agreement a man be esteemed every way responsible both for Ability and Fidelity there is no need of a Surety nor is it required But yet whereas there is a defect or weakness amongst all men mentioned by our Apostle in the next verses namely that they are all mortal and subject unto death in which case neither Ability nor Fidelity will avail any thing men in all cases of Importance need Sureties These give the utmost confirmation that affairs among men are capable of So doth the Suretiship of Christ on our behalf in this Covenant For the evidencing whereof we may consider 1. The first Covenant as made with Adam had no Surety As unto that which in the New Covenant the Suretiship of Christ doth principally respect it had no need of any For there was no sin Transgression or Rebellion against God to be satisfied for so that it was absolutely incapable of a Surety unto that end But as to the second part of it or his undertaking for us that through supplies of strength from him we shall abide faithful in the Covenant according to the Terms and Tenure of it this had no inconsistency with that first state As the Lord Christ upon his undertaking the work of Mediation became an immediate Head unto the Angels that sinned not whereby they received their establishment and security from any future defection so might he have been such an Head unto and such an undertaker for man in Innocency No created nature was or could have been unchangeable in its condition and state meerly on its root of Creation As some of the Angels fell at first forsaking their habitation falling from the principle of obedience which had no other Root but in themselves so the Rest of them all of them might afterwards have in like manner Apostatized and fallen from their own innate stability had they not been gathered up into the new head of the Creation the Son of God as Mediator receiving a New Relation from thence and establishment thereby So it might have been with man in Innocency But God in his infinite Soveraign wisdom saw it not meet that so it should be Man shall be left to the Exercise of that Ability of living unto God which he had received in his Creation and which was sufficient for that end A Surety God gave him not And therefore although he had all the Advantage which a sinless nature filled with holy Principles Dispositions and Inclinations free from all vitious habits rebellious affections inordinate imaginations could afford unto him yet he broke the Covenant and forfeited all the benefits thereof Whatever there was besides in that Covenant of Grace Power Ability and the highest obligations unto Duty yet all was lost for want of a Surety And this abundantly testifies unto the Preheminence of Christ in all things For whereas Adam with all the innumerable Advantages he had that is all helps necessary in himself and no Opposition or Difficulty from himself to conflict withal yet utterly brake the Covenant wherein he was Created and Placed Believers who have little strength in themselves and a powerful inbred opposition unto their stability are yet secured in their station by the Interposition of the Lord Christ as their Surety 2. When God made a Covenant with the People in the wilderness to manifest that there could be no stability in it without respect unto a Surety that it could not continue no not for a day he caused it to be dedicated or confirmed with the blood of Sacrifices This the Apostle declares and withal its Typicalness with respect unto the new Covenant and the confirmation of it with the blood of Christ Chap 9. 18 19 20 21. And afterwards as we have declared the high Priest in the Sacrifices that he offered was the Typical Mediator and Surety of that Covenant And the end of this Appointment of God was to manifest that it was from the Blood of the true Sacrifice namely that of Jesus Christ that the new Covenant was to receive its stability And we need a Surety unto this purpose 1. Because in the state and condition of sin we are not capable of immediate dealing or Covenanting with God There can be no Covenanting between God and sinners unless there be some one to stand forth in our name to receive the Terms of God and to undertake for us So when God began to treat immediately from Heaven with the people of old they all jointly professed that such was the Greatness and Glory of God such the Terror of his Majesty that it was impossible for them so to treat with him and if he spake unto them any more they should all dye and be consumed VVherefore with one consent they desired that there might be one appointed between God and them to transact all things and to undertake for them as to their Obedience which God well approved in them Deut. 5. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31. Adam indeed in the state of innocency could treat immediately with God as unto that Covenant wherein he was placed For notwithstanding his infinite distance from God yet God had made him for converse with himself and did not despise the work of his own hands But immediately upon the entrance of sin he was sensible of the losse of that Priviledge whereon he both fled and hid himself from the Presence of God And hence those who of Old thought they had seen God concluded that they should dye as being sensible of their incapacity to treat immediately with him So when the Prophet cryed out that he was undone or cut off because of the immediate Presence of God his Eyes having seen the King the Lord of Hosts Isa. 6. 5. He was not relieved from his Apprehensions untill his mouth was touched with a coal from the Altar a
Evidence of Imperfection And by the Appointment of this Order God signified an Imperfection and Mutability in that Church state Succession indeed was a Relief against death but it was but a Relief and so supposed a want and weakness Under the Gospel it is not so as we shall see afterwards Observe that God will not fail to provide Instruments for his work that he hath to accomplish If many Priests be needful many the Church shall have 3 The Reason of this Multiplication of Priests was because they were not suffered to continue by reason of Death They were mortal men subject unto death and they died Death suffered them not to continue in the Execution of their Office It forbad them so to do in the name of the great Sovereign Lord of Life and Death And hereof an Instance was given in Aaron the first of them God to shew the nature of this Priesthood unto the people and to manifest that the everlasting Priest was not yet come commanded Aaron to dye in the sight of all the Congregation Num. 20. 25 26 27 28. So did they all afterwards as other men dye in their several Generations They were all by death forbidden to continue Death laid an injunction on them one after another from proceeding any farther in the Administration of their Office It is not surely without some especial design that the Apostle thus expresseth their dying They were by death prohibited to continue Wherefore he shews hereby 1. The way whereby an end was put unto the personal Administration and that was by death 2. That there was an Imperfection in the Administration of that Office which was so frequently interrupted 3. That they were seized upon by death whether they would or no when it may be they would have earnestly desired to continue and the people also would have rejoyced in it Death came on them neither desired nor expected with his Prohibition 4. That when death came and seized on them it kept them under its power so that they could never more attend unto their Office But it was otherwise with the Priest of the better Covenant as we shall see immediately Observe 1. There is such a necessity of the continual Administration of the Sacerdotal Office in behalf of the Church that the interruption of it by the death of the Priests was an Argument of the weakness of that Priesthood The High Priest is the Sponsor and Mediator of the Covenant Those of old were so Typically and by way of Representation VVherefore all Covenant Transactions between God and the Church must be through him He is to offer up all Sacrifices and therein represent all our prayers And it is evident from thence what a Ruin it would be unto the Church to be without an High Priest one moment Who would venture a suprizal unto his own soul in such a condition Could any man enjoy a moments peace if he supposed that in his extremity the High Priest might dye This now is provided against as we shall see in the next verse VER 24. But this man because he continueth ever hath an unchangeable Priesthood IN opposition unto what was observed in the Levitical Priests the contrary is here affirmed of the Lord Christ. And the Design of the Apostle is still the same namely to evince by all sorts of Instances his Preeminence as a Priest above them as such also 1. The Person spoken of is expressed by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Exceptive Conjunction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but answereth unto 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 before used and introduceth the other member of the Antithesis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hic ille iste He of whom we speak namely Jesus the Surety of the New Testament We render it this man not improperly he was the Mediator between God and man the man Christ Jesus Nor doth the calling of him this man exclude his Divine nature for he was truly a man though God and man in one Person And the things here ascribed unto him were wrought in and by the humane nature though he that wrought them were God also But He or this man who was represented by Melchisedec of whom we speak 2. It is affirmed of this Person that he hath an unchangeable Priesthood the Ground and Reason whereof is assigned namely because he continueth ever which must be first considered The sole Reason here insisted on by the Apostle why the Levitical Priests were many is because they were forbidden by death to continue It is sufficient therefore on the contrary to prove the perpetuity of the Priesthood of Christ that he abideth for ever For he doth not absolutely hereby prove the perpetuity of the Priesthood but his perpetual uninterrupted Administration of it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This was the Faith of the Jews concerning the Messiah and his office We have heard say they out of the Law 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Joh. 12. 34. That Christ abideth for ever whereon they could not understand what he told them about his being lifted up by Death And so the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth to abide to continue in any state or condition Joh. 21. 22 23. And this was that which principally he was Typed in by Melchisedec concerning whom there is no Record as to the Beginning of Days or End of Life but as unto the Scripture Description of him he is said to abide a Priest for ever It may be said in opposition hereunto that the Lord Christ dyed also and that no less truely and really than did Aaron or any Priest of his Order Wherefore it will not hence follow that he had any more an uninterrupted Priesthood than they had Some say the Apostle here considers the Priesthood of Christ only after his Resurrection and Ascension into Heaven after which he dyes no more death hath no more power over him And if we will believe the Socinians then he first began to be a Priest This Figment I have fully confuted elsewhere And there is no ground in the Context on which we may conjecture that the Apostle intends the Administration of his Priesthood in Heaven only although he intend that also For he speaks of his Priesthood as typed by that of Melchisedec which as we have proved before respected the whole of his Office I say therefore that although Christ dyed yet he was not forbid by death to abide in his Office as they were He died as a Priest they died from being Priests He died as a Priest because he was also to be a Sacrifice But he abode and continued not only vested with his Office but in the execution of it in the state of death Through the indissolubleness of his Person his soul and body still subsisting in the Person of the Son of God he was a capable subject of his Office And his being in the state of the dead belonged unto the Administration of his Office no less than his Death it self So that from the first
note of Inference 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is frequently made use of by our Apostle in this Argumentative Discourse as Chap. 2. 17. 3. 1. 8. 3. 9 18. 11. 19. and in this place ideo quapropter Nor is it any where else in the New Testament used for the Introduction of a Conclusion or Inference from Premises in a way of Argument And the causality which here it includes may respect the whole foregoing Discourse as asserting that which necessarily follows thereon Or it may have respect only unto the ensuing clause in this verse As if the Apostle had only intended in particular that the Lord Christ is able to save to the uttermost because he ever abideth But he rather seems to make an Inference from the whole foregoing Discourse and the close of the verse is onely an addition of the way and manner how the Lord Christ accomplisheth what is ascribed unto him by vertue of his Office Being such an High Priest as we have evidenced to be made by an Oath and abiding for ever he is able to save Considerations of the Person and Offices of Christ ought to be improved unto the strengthening of the Faith and encrease of the Consolation of the Church So they are here by the Apostle After the great and ample Declaration that he hath made of the Excellency of his Priestly Office with respect unto his Person he applies all that he hath spoken unto the incouragement of the Faith and Hope of them that endeavour to go to God by him And all those who explode such considerations and such improvements of them are no otherwise to be looked on but as persons utterly ignorant both of Christ and Faith in him 2. That which is inferred to be in this Priest is Power and Ability 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He is able He can This is the second time the Apostle ascribeth Power or Ability unto this Priest see Chap. 2. ver 18. and the Exposition thereof And it is not an Ability of nature but of Office that is intended An Ability of nature in Christ he had proved sufficiently in the first Chapter of the Epistle and that accompanied with Supreme Power or Authority over all But whereas as our Mediator he hath undertaken such Offices for us he is as such able to do no more than he is so by vertue of them or in the discharge of those Offices If therefore there be any thing needfull for us which although it may be supposed within the compasse of the Divine Power of the Son of God is yet not to be effected in a way of Office that as our Mediator he is not able for Hence doth our Apostle presse his Ability not absolutely but as the High Priest of the Church As if a man who is mighty in Wealth Riches and Power be also made a Judge It is one thing what he can do by his Might and Power another what he is able for and can do as a Judge And he who hath to deal with him as a Judge is to consider only what he is able for in the Discharge of that Office And he doth this partly to evince his preeminence above the High Priests of the Law For by reason of their personal Infirmities and the limited nature of their Office they were really unable to effect many things which the Church stood in need of from those that discharged that Office supposing them the only way of our approach unto God Were they never so ready Willing diligent and watchful yet they were not Able to do all that was necessary for the Church Being themselves sinful Men made Priests by the Law of a carnal Commandment and subject unto Death they had no Ability to effect in the Church what is expected from the Priestly Office But the Lord Christ our High Priest being free from all these Imperfections as he was a Priest He is Able But principaliy he insists upon it to encourage and confirm the Faith of the Church in him with respect unto this Office Wherefore having by many Demonstrations assured us of his Love and Compassion Chap. 2. and Chap. 5 there remains nothing but to satisfie us also of his Power and Ability And this he hath now evinced from the nature and dignity of his Office as vested in his Person This is the Ability here intended not an absolute Divine Power inherent in the Person of Christ but a Moral Power a Jus a Right and what can be effected in the just discharge of this Office And hereon The Consideration of the Office Power of Christ is of great use unto the Faith of the Church To this end we may observe 1. That the Foundation of all the Benefits which are received by Christ that is of the Spiritual and Eternal Salvation of the Church is laid in his condescension to undertake the Office of a Mediator between God and Man And as this was the greatest effect of Divine Wisdom and Grace so it is the first Cause the Root and Spring of all Spiritual Blessings unto us This the whole Scripture beareth Testimony unto Heb. 10. 7. 1 John 3. 16. This is the fundamental Article of Faith Evangelical And the want of laying this Foundation aright as it occasioneth many to Apostatize from the Gospel unto a natural Religion so it weakeneth and disordereth the Faith of many Believers But this is the first Ground of all Friendship between God and Man 2. Having undertaken that Office all the Actings of it for us and towards us or towards God in our behalf are circumscribed and limited by that Office We have no Ground of Faith to expect any thing from him or by him but what belongs unto the Office that he hath undertaken Neither are we in our Addresses unto him and expectations from him to consider him absolutely as God the Eternal Son of God only but as the Mediator between God and Man VVe can look for no more from a King but what he can justly do as a King nor any other Person in Office no more are we to look for from Christ himself 3. This Office of Christ in general as the Mediator and Sponsor of the New Covenant is distinguished into three especial Offices of a King a Prophet and a Priest Whatever therefore we receive from Christ or by him we do it as he acts in that threefold capacity or in one of those Offices a King a Priest or a Prophet VVhatever he hath done for us or continueth to do whatever he doth over us for us or towards us he doth it in and under one of these capacities For unto them may all his Office Relation unto us be reduced And the kindness of all those other Relations wherein he stands unto us as of a Shepherd the Bishop of our Souls of an Husband of a Brother a Friend he puts forth and exerciseth in the Acts and Actings of these Offices 4. All these Offices whether vested jointly in any one other Person or severally
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Minister Having declar'd the Glory and Dignity which he is exalted unto as sitting down at the right hand of the Throne of the Majesty in Heaven what can be farther expected from him There he lives eternally happy in the enjoyment of his own Blessedness and Glory Is it not reasonable it should be so after all the hardships and miseries which he being the Son of God underwent in this world Who can expect that he should any longer condescend unto Office and Duty Neither generally have men any other thoughts concerning him But where then would lie the advantage of the Church in his Exaltation which the Apostle designs in an especial manner to demonstrate Wherefore unto the mention of it he immediately subjoins the continuation of his Office He is still 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Publick Minister for the Church 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to minister either with God or before God as a Priest for others or for God in the Name of God towards others as do Magistrates and Ministers of the Gospel And therefore all these sorts are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lord Christ is expresly spoken of here as a Priest it is a name of his Priestly Office wherein he acts towards God Nor is he any where called or said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in any of his Actings from God towards us although he be said therein to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 15. 8. that is he was so in the days of his flesh but that name now no way belongeth unto him He is not therefore styled a Minister because he executeth the Purposes of God towards us as Schlictingius fancieth but he acts towards God and before God on our behalf according to the duty of a Priest He went into Heaven to appear in the presence of God for us and to discharge his Office before God on our behalf And it is granted also that by vertue thereof he doth also communicate all good things from God unto us For the whole administration of things Sacred between God and the Church is committed unto him And we must observe that The Lord Christ in the Height of his Glory condescends to discharge the Office of a publick minister in the behalf of the Church We are not to bound our Faith on Christ as unto what he did for us on the Earth The Life and Efficacy of the whole of his Mediation depends on what he did antecedently thereunto and what he doth consequently unto it For in these things doth the Glory of his Love and Grace most eminently appear Antecedently unto what he did on Earth and to make way for it there was his infinite condescension in assuming our Nature He was in the forme of God and in the eternal enjoyment of all the Blessedness which the Divine Nature is essentially accompanied withal Yet being thus Rich this was his Grace that for our sakes he became poor This ineffable Grace and Love of Christ is the principal object of our Faith and Admiration as it is declared by the Apostle Phil. 2. 6 7 8 9. And as he emptied himself and laid aside his Glory for a season to undertake the Work of Meditation So now he hath reassumed his Glory as to the manifestation of his Divine Power and hath the highest Addition of Glory in his Humane Nature by his exaltation at the right hand of God yet he continueth his care of and Love towards the Church so as yet to discharge the office of a Publick Minister in their behalf As all the shame reproach misery with death that he was to undergo on the Earth deterred him not from undertaking this work So all the Glory which he is environed withal in Heaven diverts him not from continuing the Discharge of it 2dly There is a Limitation of this ministration of our High Priest with respect unto its proper Object and that in a double expression For he is a Minister 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. He is so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The word may be either of the Masculine or of the Neuter Gender and so respect either Persons or Things If it be taken in the former way it is of the Saints And this is the ordinary sense of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Books of the New Testament Saints or Holy Persons But they cannot be here precisely intended And the Apostle useth this word frequently in another sense in this Epistle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Neuter Gender may have a double signification 1. Of Holy things in general 2. Of Holy Places 1. Of things So the Uul Lat. renders the word Sanctorum which the Rhemists translate Holies that is of Holy Persons or Holy things And ours place Holy things in the Margen And the sense is true if the signification of the word be extended unto all Holy Things For the ministration of them all is committed unto Jesus Christ. But the word hath yet a more peculiar signification The inmost part of the Tabernacle our Apostle calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chap. 9. 3. That is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Holy of Holies the most Holy Place And absolutely he calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Holyes Chap 9. 8 12 24 25. Chap. 13. 11. And in answer thereunto he calleth our Spiritual Presence before God whereunto we have an Access by the Blood of Christ by the same name Chap. 10. 19. And hence the word is rendred by most Interpreters the Sanctuary as by the Syr. The House of the Sanctuary Particularly that Part of the Tabernacle whereinto the High Priest entred alone and that but once a year Take this Sanctuary properly and literally and Christ was not the minister of it He never entred into it nor could nor had any Right so to do because it belonged and was appropriated unto others as our Apostle declares ver 4. Wherefore we must take our Direction herein from the words following For mentioning the whole Tabernacle as he doth here one part of it namely the Sanctuary he gives it a note of Distinction from the Old Tabernacle of Moses the true Tabernacle So must the Sanctuary be distinguished from that of Old It is that which answers thereunto And this is nothing but Heaven it self Heaven not as considered absolutely but as the Place of Gods glorious Presence the Temple of the living God where the worship of the Church is represented and all its Affairs transacted This is called Gods Sanctuary Psal. 102. 19. He looked down from the height of his Sanctuary from Heaven did the Lord behold the Earth And so the Apostle himself plainly interprets this place Chap. 9. 24. Christ is not entred into the Holy Places made with hands which are the figures of the true but into Heaven it self And this is called the Sanctuary because there doth really dwell and abide all
all our sins The Sanctification or Renovation of our Natures and the Justification of our Persons being promised herein seeing infinite power and grace are required unto them He alone must make this Covenant with whom all power and grace do dwell God hath spoken once twice have I heard this that power belongeth unto God also unto thee O Lord belongeth mercy Psal. 62. 11 12. 6 The Reward promised in this Covenant is God himself I am thy Reward And who but God can ordain himself to be our Reward Ob. All the efficacy and glory of the New Covenant do originally arise from and are resolved into the Author and Supreme Cause of it which is God himself And we might consider unto the encouragement of our Faith and the strengthning of our consolation 1 His infinite condescension to make and enter into Covenant with poor lost fallen sinful man This no heart can fully conceive no tongue can express only we live in hope to have yet a more clear prospect of it and to have an holy admiration of it unto Eternity 2 His wisdom goodness and grace in the nature of that Covenant which he hath condescended to make and enter into The first Covenant he made with us in Adam which we brake was in itself good holy righteous and just it must be so because it was also made by him But there was no provision made in it absolutely to preserve us from that woful disobedience and transgression which would make it void and frustrate all the holy and blessed ends of it Nor was God obliged so to preserve us having furnished us with a sufficiency of ability for our own preservation so as we could no way fall but by a wilful Apostasie from him But this Covenant is of that nature as that the grace administred in it shall effectually preserve all the Covenanters unto the end and secure unto them all the benefits of it For 3 His power and faithfulness are engaged unto the accomplishment of all the Promises of it And these Promises do contain every thing that is spiritually and eternally good or desirable unto us O Lord our Lord how excellent is thy Name in all the Earth How glorious art thou in the ways of thy grace towards poor sinful Creatures who had destroyed themselves And 4 He hath made no created good but himself only to be our Reward Secondly The Persons with whom this Covenant is made are also expressed The House of Israel and the House of Judah Long before the giving of this Promise that People were divided into two parts The one of them in way of distinction from the other retained the name of Israel These were the Ten Tribes which fell off from the House of David under the conduct of Ephraim whence they are often also in the Prophets called by that name The other consisting of the Tribe properly so called with that of Benjamin and the greatest part of Levi took the name of Judah and with them both the Promise and the Church remained in a peculiar manner But whereas they all originally sprang from Abraham who received the Promise and sign of Circumcision for them all and because they were all equally in their Forefather brought into the Bond of the Old Covenant they are here mentioned distinctly that none of the Seed of Abraham might be excluded from the tender of this Covenant Unto the whole Seed of Abraham according to the flesh it was that the terms and grace of this Covenant was first to be offered So Peter tells them in his first Sermon That the Promise was unto them and their Children who were there present that is the House of Judah and to them that are afar off that is the House of Israel in their dispersions Acts 2. 39. So again he expresseth the order of the dispensation of this Covenant with respect to the Promise made to Abraham Acts 3. 25 26. Ye are the Children of the Prophets and of the Covenant which God made with our Fathers saying unto Abraham and in thy Seed shall all the Kindreds of the earth be blessed unto you first God having raised his Son Jesus sent him to bless you namely in the preaching of the Gospel So our Apostle in his Sermon unto them affirmed that it was necessary that the Word should be first spoken unto them Acts 13. 46. And this was all the Priviledge that was now left unto them For the Partition-wall was now broken down and all Obstacles against the Gentiles taken out of the way Wherefore this House of Israel and of Judah may be considered two ways 1 As that People were the whole entire Posterity of Abraham 2 As they were typical and mystically significant of the whole Church of God Hence alone it is that the Promises of Grace under the Old Testament are given unto the Church under those names because they were Types of them who should really and effectually be made Partakers of them In the first sense God made this Covenant with them and this on sundry accounts 1 Because He in and through whom alone it was to be established and made effectual was to be brought forth amongst them of the Seed of Abraham as the Apostle plainly declares Acts 2. 25. 2 Because all things that belonged unto the Ratification of it were to be transacted amongst them 3 Because in the outward dispensation of it the terms and grace of it was first in the counsel of God to be tendred unto them 4 Because by them by the Ministry of men of their Posterity the dispensation of it was to be carried unto all Nations as they were to be blessed in the Seed of Abraham which was done by the Apostles and other Disciples of our Lord Jesus Christ. So the Law of the Redeemer went forth from Sion By this means the Covenant was confirmed with many of them for one week before the calling of the Gentiles Dan. 9. 27. And because these things belonged equally unto them all mention is made distinctly of the House of Israel and the House of Judah For the House of Judah was at the time of the giving of this Promise in the sole possession of all the Priviledges of the Old Covenant Israel having cut off themselves by their revolt from the House of David being cast out also for their sins amongst the Heathen But God to declare that the Covenant he designed had no respect unto those carnal Priviledges which were then in the possession of Judah alone but only unto the Promise made unto Abraham he equals all his Seed with respect unto the mercy of this Covenant In the second sense The whole Church of elect Believers is intended under these denominations being typified by them These are they alone being one made of twain namely Jews and Gentiles with whom the Covenant is really made and established and unto whom the grace of it is actually communicated For all these with whom this Covenant is made shall as really have the
Law of God written in their hearts and their sins pardoned according unto the promise of it as the People of old were brought into the Land of Canaan by vertue of the Covenant made with Abraham These are the true Israel and Judah prevailing with God and confessing unto his Name Obs. The Covenant of Grace in Christ is made only with the Israel of God the Church of the Elect. For by the making of this Covenant with any the effectual communication of the grace of it unto them is principally intended Nor can that Covenant be said to be made absolutely with any but those whose sins are pardoned by vertue thereof and in whose hearts the Law of God is written which are the express Promises of it And it was with respect unto those of this sort among that People that the Covenant was promised to be made with them See Rom. 9. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33. Chap. 11. 7. But in respect of the outward dispensation of the Covenant it is extended beyond the effectual communication of the grace of it And in respect thereunto did the priviledge of the carnal Seed of Abraham lie 2. Those who are first and most advanced as unto outward Priviledges are oftentimes last and least advantaged by the grace and mercy of them Thus was it with these two Houses of Israel and Judah They had the Priviledge and Preeminence above all Nations of the World as unto the first tender and all the benefits of the outward dispensation of the Covenant yet though the number of them was as the sand of the Sea a remnant only was saved They came behind the Nations of the World as unto the grace of it And this by reason of their unbelief and the abuse of the Priviledges granted unto them Let not those therefore who now enjoy the greatest Priviledges be high-minded but fear 3. The manner of making this Covenant is expressed by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 perficiam consummabo I will perfect or consummate In the Hebrew it is only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pangam feriam I will make but the Apostle renders it by this word to denote that this Covenant was at once perfected and consummate to the exclusion of all additions and alterations Perfection and unalterable establishment are the Properties of this Covenant An everlasting Covenant ordered in all things and sure 4. As unto its distinguishing Character it is called a New Covenant so it is with respect unto the Old Covenant made at Sinai Wherefore by this Covenant as here considered is not understood the promise of grace given unto Adam absolutely nor that unto Abraham which contained the substance and matter of it the grace exhibited in it but not the compleat Form of it as a Covenant For if it were only the Promise it could not be called a New Covenant with respect unto that made at Sinai For so it was before it absolutely 2500 years and in the person of Abraham 400 years at the least But it must be considered as before described in the establishment of it and its Law of spiritual Worship And so it was in time after that in Sinai 800 years Howbeit it may be called a New Covenant in other respects also As first because of its eminency So it is said of an eminent work of God Behold I work a new thing in the earth And its duration and continuance as that which shall never wax old is denoted thereby VER IX 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For the Quotation and Translation of these words out of the Prophet Jeremiah the Reader may consult the Exercitations in the first Volume Exercit. V. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Apostle in this place renders by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in this place onely the reason whereof we shall see afterwards 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which my Covenant they brake rescinded dissipated the Apostle renders 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And they continued not in my Covenant For not to abide faithful in Covenant is to break it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And I was an Husband unto them or rather a Lord over them in the Apostle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And I regarded them not On what reason and grounds the seeming alteration is made we shall enquire in the Exposition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Non secundum Testamentum secundum illud Testamentum and so the Syriack 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Not according unto that Testament others faedus and illud faedus Of the different Translation of this word by a Testament and a Covenant we have spoken before 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I gave quod feci which I made 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Fathers for that is required to be joined to the Verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And therefore the Syriack omitting the Preposition turns the Verb into gave gave to the Fathers which is proper 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cum Patribus eorum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vulg non permanserunt others perstiterunt So the Syriack 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they stood not they continued not Maneo is used to express stability in Promise and Covenants ut tu dicti Albani maneres and tu modo promissis maneas So is permaneo in officio in Armis in Amicitia to continue stedfast unto the end Wherefore it is as well so rendred as by persisto 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is so used by Thycidydes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to abide firm and constant in Covenants And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is he who is firm stable constant in Promises and Engagements 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ego neglexi despexi neglectui habui Syr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I despised I neglected I rejected them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is curae non habeo negligo contemno a word denoting a casting out of care with contempt VER IX Not according to that Covenant which I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt because they continued not in my Covenant and I regarded them not saith the Lord. THE greatest and utmost mercies that God ever intended to communicate unto the Church and to bless it withall were enclosed in the New Covenant Nor doth the efficacy of the Mediation of Christ extend itself beyond the verge and compass thereof For he is onely the Mediator and Surety of this Covenant But now God had before made a Covenant with his People a good and holy Covenant it was such as was meet for God to prescribe and for them thankfully to accept of Yet notwithstanding all the Priviledges and Advantages of it it proved not so effectual but that multitudes of them with whom God made that Covenant were so far from obtaining the blessedness of Grace and Glory thereby as that they came short and were deprived of the temporal benefits that were included therein Wherefore as God
So that where any of them is mentioned the whole Humane Nature of Christ as unto the efficacy of it in his Sacrifice is intended 5. Yet were these things distinctly typified and fore-signified in the Sacrifices and Service of old So was the Flesh of Christ by the Veil as his whole Nature by the Tabernacle his Soul by the Scape-goat his Body and Blood by the Sin-offering on the day of Expiation when the Sacrifice was burnt without the Camp 6. Herein in an especial manner was the whole a Type of the Flesh of Christ in that there was no entrance to be laid open into the Holy place but by the rending of the Veil The time when the High Priest entered into it it was indeed by turning it aside whereon it immediately closed again and forbad an entrance and a prospect unto others Wherefore there could be no entrance into that holy place abiding unless the Veil was rent and torn in pieces so that it could close no more For it came to pass on the death of the Lord Jesus that the Veil of the Temple was rent from the top to the bottom And that which is signified hereby is only this that by virtue of the Sacrifice of Christ wherein his Flesh was torn and rent we have a full entrance into the holy place such as would have been of old upon the rending of the Veil This therefore is the genuine interpretation of this place we enter with boldness unto the most holy place through the Veil that is to say his Flesh We do so by vertue of the Sacrifice of himself wherein his Flesh was rent and all hindrances thereby taken away from us Of all which hindrances the Veil was an Embleme and principal Instance until it was rent and removed The sufficiency of the Sacrifice of Christ unto all the ends of the perfection of the Church in all duties and priviledges is that which the Apostle instructs us unto herein And there is great instruction given us in this Comparison of the Type and Anti-type into the way and nature of our access unto God in all our solemn Worship It is God as he was represented in the holy place to whom we address our selves peculiarly that is God the Father as on a Throne ef Grace the manner of our Access is with holy confidence grounded solely on the efficacy of the Blood or Sacrifice of Christ. The way is by Faith as to the removal of the Obstacles and the view of God as reconciled This is given us by the suffering of Christ in the Flesh which laid open the entrance into the Holy place Wherefore the Apostle saies not that the Veil was the flesh of Christ as some pretend who have hence cavill'd at the Authority of this Epistle on no other ground but because they could not apprehend the spiritual Light and Wisdom that is therein Only he says we have Our entrance into the Holy place by vertue of the flesh of Christ which was rent in his Sacrifice as through the rending of the Veil a way was laid open into the Holiest This is the first encouragement unto the Duty Exhorted unto from the benefit and priviledge we have by the Blood of Christ. Another to the same purpose follows VERSE 21. And having a great high Priest over the House of God Having is understood from v. 19. The word whereby the Apostle expresseth our relation unto Christ ch 4. 15. He is our Priest he exerciseth that Office on our behalf and our Duty 't is in all things to be such as becometh this great High Priest to own in the discharge of his Office What became him that he might be our High Priest as it is expressed ch 7. 26. shews what we ought to be in our measure that belong unto his care and say with boldness we have an High Priest which is another encouragement unto the diligent attendance to the duties we are here exhorted unto For it may be said that notwithstanding the provision of a new way into the Holiest and boldness given us to enter thereinto yet in our selves we know not how to do it unless we are under the conduct of a Priest as the Church of old was in their Worship All those Priests being removed how shall we do now to draw nigh unto God without such a conduct such a countenance The Apostle removes this from them and gives encouragement for what he had proved to be a Duty before namely that we have a great High Priest Three things are in the words 1. That we have a Priest 2. That he is a great Priest 3. That part of his Office wherein in this duty we are concerned which is that he is over the House of God The first hath been spoken unto on many occasions Onely the Apostle calls him not here Our High Priest which he doth most frequently but a Priest with the addition of Great A Great Priest which answers directly to the Hebrew Expression 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the High Priest was called yet the Apostle hath a respect unto his Eminency above all other Priests whatsoever He is great in his Person God and Man as he had described him ch 1. 2 3. Great in his glorious Exaltation ch 8. 1 2. Great in his Power and the efficacy of his Office ch 7. 25. Great in Honour Dignity and Authority the consideration whereof leads both unto the confirmation of our Faith and the ingenerating of a due reverence in our hearts towards him For as he is so great as that he can save us unto the uttermost or give us acceptance before God as unto our Persons and our Duties So he is so glorious that we ought to apply our selves to him with reverence and godly fear That which unto the particular end designed in this place we ought to consider in his Office is that he is over the House of God The Apostle doth not therein consider the Sacrifice of himself which he proposed as the foundation of the priviledge whence the ensuing Duty is inferr'd but what he is and doth after his Sacrifice now he is exalted in Heaven For this was the second part of the Office of the High Priest The First was to Offer Sacrifice for the people the other was to take the oversight of the House of God For so it is particularly exprest with respect unto Joshua who was an eminent Type of Christ Zech. 3. 6 7. The whole care of ordering all things in the House of God was committed to the High Priest so is it now in the hand of Christ he is over the House of God to order all things unto the Glory of God and the Salvation of the Church The House of God that is the whole House of God the Family of Heaven and Earth that part of the Church above and that here below which make up but one House of God The Church here below is comprized in the first place for unto them it is that
but especially in times of Trial to be sure that our Anchor have a good hold-fast in Heaven This alone will be our Preservation and Security if we are fixed on that within the Vail Verse 20. Whither the forerunner is for us entred Jesus made an High Priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec The Apostle issueth this long digression as he doth all his other Discourses in the Person of Christ who being the Author and Finisher of our Faith with him he begins and in him he ends continually And three things he aims at in this Verse 1. To give new Assurance unto the efficacy and prevalency of Hope fixed on the Promise as it enters in unto that within the Vail namely because Christ our High Priest is there It enters there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whither Christ is gone Even Heaven it self would be no safe place for us to fix the Anchor of our Trust and Hope in if Christ were not there For without him there would be no Throne of Grace in Heaven as there could have been no Typical Throne in the Sanctuary without the Mercy-seat And this contains the relation between the two Verses wherein we see that After the most sincere performance of the best of our Duties our Comforts and Securities are centred in Christ alone Our Hope entring within the Vail is a safe Anchor because Christ is there 2. The Apostle in these words by an Artificial Transition lands us on that Coast which he all this while steered towards and this is the Priesthood of Christ as represented in that of Melchisedec This he had asserted chap. 5. 12. But upon the consideration of the depth of this Mystery the Importance of the subject matter of it with the present state of the most of these Hebrews he engageth into that long digression for their due preparation unto the hearing and receiving of it which we have now passed through Wherefore having discharged his Conscience and Duty towards them in various Admonitions he returns again in these words unto that design and discourse which there he had broken off And from the Nature of his Digression we may learn that As the minds of men are greatly to be prepared for the Communication of spiritual mysteries unto them so the best preparation is by the cure of their sinful and corrupt Affections with the removal of their Barrenness under what they have before learned and been instructed in It is to no purpose yea it is but the putting of New Wine into Old Bottles to the loss of all to be daily leading men into the knowledge of higher mysteries whilst they live in a neglect of the Practice of what they have been taught already 3. He gives an account of the Lord Christ unto whom he hath now reduced his Discourse in sundry particulars As 1. He expresseth him by his Name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jesus And by the Interposition of this name here the Apostle may design two things 1 To mind us of the signification of it whence the reason of his Assumption of it was taken Jesus signifies a Saviour And he was called Jesus because he was to save his People from their sins Matth. 1. 21. He therefore concerning whom all these things are affirmed is to be considered as our Saviour who had the name of a Saviour given him by God himself with respect unto the work which he was to do 1 Thes. 1. 10. and he is Jesus still able to save to the uttermost them that come unto God by him 2 To reflect on the common use of that name in the world This was the Name under which he was reproached reviled crucified and slain as a Malefactor They crucified Jesus Wherefore the Apostle treating here of the glorious Exaltation of the Son of God that none might pretend or fancy to themselves that it was any other thing or person that he intended he expresseth him by that Name whereby he was known in the world under which he was reproached and suffered And this all the Apostles were careful to inculcate in the first preaching of the Gospel Jesus of Nazareth Acts 2. 22. This Jesus hath God raised up ver 32. His Son Jesus whom ye delivered up and denied in the presence of Pilate chap. 3. 13. Jesus of Nazareth whom ye crucified chap. 4. 10. Jesus whom ye slew and hanged on a Tree chap. 5. 30. For as they testified hereby that they were not ashamed of his Cross so they laid in security for Faith against all those fond Imaginations which have been since vented that Christ in Heaven and in us is somewhat else than that Jesus who was crucified on the Earth This is that which by the use of this Name he calls our Faith unto namely that it is one and the same Jesus who was humbled and is exalted who died ignominiously and lives for ever in Glory This same Jesus is our Saviour in every state and condition the same on the Cross and the same at the right hand of the Majesty on high Hence he is still represented in Heaven as a Lamb slain Rev. 5. 6. And all apprehensions unto the contrary are destructive unto the whole Foundation of the Gospel 2. He describes him by that Office and Action whence our Hope receives its great encouragement to enter within the Vail namely that he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Forerunner for us and as such is entred in thither In this place alone is this Title assigned unto the Lord Christ though the things intended in it are elsewhere expressed And so it must be said concerning the name of a surety which our Apostle makes use of in the next Chapter ver 22. Great mysterious Truths may often be comprised in one word used and employed by the Holy Ghost for our Instruction and therefore every word of the Scripture is diligently to be searched into It is indifferent whether we render the words the Forerunner for us that is our Forerunner is entred or the Forerunner is entred for us In the first way the Qualification of his Person a Forerunner for us in the latter the design of his Action the Forerunner acting for us is intended Both come to the same purpose and our Translators so place the words as if they enclined unto the latter sense Two things we are to enquire into 1 What is a Forerunner 2 What the Holy Ghost would instruct us in by this Ascription unto Christ or he is a Forerunner entring within the Vail for us 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Praecursor is one who in an affair of publick concern makes speed by himself unto the place whereunto the Affair belongs to give an Account of it and to dispose of all things needful and suited unto the disposal of the Affair that he reports Commonly indeed such a publick Harbinger is inferiour unto those who come after under whose conduct the main of the affair doth abide But this is only where
he who is the Forerunner or Harbinger is so and no more But now although the Lord Christ be a Forerunner also yet he is more He is the Person in whose hand lyeth the whole affair and its conduct And he was himself the Forerunner because of the greatness of the matter he had in hand not manageable by any other And we may consider the words distinctly 1 His being a Forerunner 2 For us 3 Where he is so within the Vail 1 He is in his entrance into Heaven or the Holy place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Forerunner This the High Priest of Old when he entred once a year into the Holy place was not He entred thereinto himself but he made no way for any to follow after He did not go before the People to give them an entrance into the Holy place but both by his entrance and his return signified their exclusion for ever We have then herein another Instance of the excellency of our High Priest and his Office When he entred into the Holy place he did it not meerly for himself but to go before to lead and conduct the whole Church into the same Glory 2 He is a Forerunner 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for us that is for all Believers for the whole Church in all Times Ages and Places And this he is three ways 1. By way of Declaration It belongs unto a Forerunner to carry Tidings and to declare what is the success that hath been obtained in the Affair which he giveth an account of The Lord Christ entring into Heaven makes an open declaration that he hath led Captivity Captive spoiled Principalities and Powers triumphed over them that he hath obtained his Portion and divided the spoil with the strong Isa. 53. 12. that he hath rescued his Church from the Power of Sin Sathan Death and Law And there were two parts of the Triumphant Declaration made by this Forerunner of the Church 1 That he had discharged his Original Engagement for the Salvation of Believers under the Old Testament on the Faith whereof they were accepted with God and saved Hence upon his entrance within the Vail they also joyn in that doxologie Rev. 5. 9 10 11 12. And he was their Forerunner also For although I have no apprehension of the Limbus Patrum fancied by the Papists yet I think the Fathers that died under the Old Testament had a nearer Admission into the Presence of God upon the Ascension of Christ than what they enjoyed before They were in Heaven before the Sanctuary of God but were not admitted within the Vail into the most holy place where all the Counsels of God in Christ are displayed and represented There was no entrance before either as to Grace or Glory within the Vail Heb. 9. 8. For as I said within the Vail are all the Counsels of God in Christ laid open as they were typed in the Holy place This none could or were to behold before his own entrance thither Wherefore he was their Forerunner also 2 To declare the Redemption of all the Elect that were to follow him in their several Generations This is Triumphantly declared in Heaven Psal. 47. 5 6 7. Psal. 68. 18 24 25 26. 2. By way of Preparation And this is twofold 1 With respect unto our present gracious entrance into the Holiest by Faith and Prayer This way was not made for us whilst the Old Tabernacle was standing chap. 9. 8. But this way is now prepared for us by our Forerunner Chap. 10. 19 20 21 22. We have an entrance into Heaven even whilst we are here on the Earth An entrance is made for our Faith for our Hope for our Prayer wherever they enter our Souls do enter and are present And this entrance we make daily and that with boldness and assurance on the account of our Forerunner 2 As unto our future entrance into Glory Under this capacity as a Forerunner it belongs unto him to prepare Mansions for us in his Fathers House whither he is gone and which he hath promised to do Joh. 14. 23. He prepares Mansions for us and he prepares us for those Mansions suiting Grace and Glory unto each other Heaven indeed is ready for us whenever we are meet and ready for Heaven 3. By the way of Possession He had now obtained for the Church Eternal Redemption and purchased for them and in their Name an Everlasting Inheritance Acts 26. 18. This he went for them and in their Name to take possession of and to reserve it in the Heavens for them 1 Pet. 1. 4. Hereon being by Adoption made Heirs of God they become to be Coheirs with Christ Rom. 8. 17. and are at last admitted into the same Glory with him So is he a Forerunner for us 3. As a Forerunner he is entred within the Vail that is into Heaven it self the place of the glorious Presence of God And this also may be considered two ways 1. With respect unto what he hath already done for us and two things are included therein 1 That he had compleatly finished the work he had to do upon the Earth He had absolutely won the Victory and secured the Church from all its spiritual Adversaries Without this a Triumphant Entrance into Heaven had not been granted unto him 2 Gods blessed Approbation of all that he had done here below Isa. 53. 11 12. Phil. 2. 7 8 9 10 11. 2. With respect unto what he hath yet to do for us Hence it is that he is not said absolutely to enter into his Glory but to enter as a Priest as through a Vail as into the Holy place where he continues as our Forerunner in the exercise of that Office as the Apostle declares in the close of the Verse made an High Priest after the order of Melchisedec whereof we must treat in the next Chapter Now the Lord Jesus being thus entred into Heaven as our Forerunner gives us manifold security of our entrance thither also in the appointed season This he assures us of Joh. 14. 3 19. For 1 He passed through all the Storms of Trials Temptations Persecutions and Death it self that we are exposed unto and yet is landed safely in Eternal Glory His Anchor was Trust and Hope in all his Storms chap. 2. 13. Isa. 50. 7 8 9. And it was tried to the utmost Psal. 22. 8 9 10. It preserved him in them all and will be no less Faithful unto the whole Church As he hath thus gone before us he is able to succour us and hath given us in himself a Pledge of success 2 He is now where our Hope is fixed namely within the Vail where he takes care of it and will preserve it unto the end Again If the Lord Christ be entred in Heaven as our Forerunner it is our Duty to be following of him with all the speed we can And it is required hereunto 1 That we be willing to follow him in the way wherein he went as well as unto
1. 10. Truth was stored up in the Prophecies Promises and Institutions of the Old Testament but so stored up as it was in a great measure hidden also but was brought forth to light and made manifest in the Gospel For whereas it is said that the great Mystery of the manifold Wisdom of God was hidden in him from the beginning of the World Ephes. 3. 9 10. The meaning is not that it was so hid in the Will and purpose of God as that he had made no intimation of it for he had done so variously from the Foundation of the-World or the giving of the first Promise But he had so laid it up and stored it in his Sacred Revelation as it was much hid from the Understanding of the best of Men in all Ages untill it was Displayed and brought forth to light by the Gospel Psal. 49. 4. 78. 2. And all that Glorious Evidence of the Grace of God which now appears unto us in the Writings of the Old Testament is from a Reflection of light upon them from the New Testament or the Revelation of God by Jesus Christ. And therefore the whole Church of the Jews although they were in the entire possession of those Writings of the Old Testament for so many Ages never understood so much of the Mystery of the Will and Grace of God declared in them as every ordinary Believer under the Gospel is enabled to do And if We have the Privilege and Advantage of those Oracles of God which were committed to them incomparably above what They attained unto certainly greater Measures of Holiness and greater Fruitfulness in Obedience are expected from us than from them These things the Instance here insisted on by our Apostle will Manifest He in whom this praefiguration of the Priesthood of Christ was made is Melchisedec concerning whom and his Priesthood an Account is given in the first part of the Chapter unto ver 11. And the Description given of him consisteth of two parts 1. The Proposition of his story or what is Recorded concerning him ver 1 2 3. 2. The Application of it unto the present purpose and Design of the Apostle ver 5 6 7 8 9 10. And this closeth the first General part of the Chapter The Second Part of it from ver 10. unto ver 24. consisteth in a double Inference with their Improvements taken from that Discourse as respecting Christ in his Office 1. Unto the Removal Abolition or taking away out of the Church the whole Aaronical Priesthood with all the Worship of the Tabernacle and Temple which depended thereon This he Evidently proves to ensue from the Respect that was had unto the Lord Christ in the Priesthood of Melchisedec whereof he had given an Account Hereunto do all Arguings belong ver 11 12 13 14 15 16 17. 2. Unto the Excellency of the Priesthood of Christ in it self above that of the Tabernacle even during its continuance which follows no less evidently from what he had proved before ver 18 19 20 21 22 23 24. 3. Having laid this Foundation in his Demonstration of the Necessary removal of the Aaronical Priesthood and the preeminence of that of Christ above it even whilst it did continue he further declares the Nature of it from the Dignity and Qualifications of his Person with the manner of the discharge of his Office on this Account ver 24 25 26 27 28. For the Design of the Apostle in this Epistle especially in this Chapter and the three that ensue is to open unto us or turn aside a double Veil the one here below the other above That below is the Veil that was on all the Ordinances Institutions Ceremonies and Types of the Law This is the Veil that is unto this day upon the Jews that they cannot see unto the end of the things that were to be done away This he removes by giving a clear and full Account of the mind of God in them of their Use and Signification The other above is the Veil of the Heavenly Sanctuary This he opens unto us in a Declaration of the Ministry of Christ our High Priest therein as we shall see And under these Heads as the Apostle plainly convinceth the Hebrews of the Ceasing of their Priesthood and Worship and that unto the unspeakable Advantage of the Church So to us he doth unfold the Principal Design and End of all the Mosaical Types of the Old Testament with the Institution of God in them This may suffice as a plain View and Prospect of the general scope of the Apostle in these Discourses The especial coherence of one thing with another the Nature of his Instances the Accuracy and Force of his Arguings the Perspicuity of his Deductions with the like Concernments of the Argument in hand shall be observed and spoken unto as they particularly occur in our Progress Ver. 1 2 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 THere is little variety in the Translation of these Verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vul Lat. Dei Summi for altissimi the most High God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of all but adds in a new way of Exposition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 every thing that was with him that is of the Spoyls as it is afterwards Expounded 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vul Lat. divisit properly Syr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Separated laid aside Bez. impartitus est Imparted gave 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vul Lat. sine Genealogiâ Bez. sine genere without stock sine serie generis without Pedigree The Syriack gives us an Exposition of this passage Whose Father and Mother are not written in the Generations or Genealogies neither the beginning of his days nor the end of his life which manifests how Ancient this Exposition of these words was in the Church 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his Priesthood remaineth Ver. 1 2 3. For this Melchisedec King of Salem Priest of the most High God who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the Kings and Blessed him to whom also Abraham divided out a tenth part of all First being by Interpretation King of Righteousness and after that also King of Salem which is King of Peace Without Father without Mother without Pedigree having neither beginning of days nor end of life but made like unto the Son of God abideth a Priest continually The words are an entire Proposition consisting of a Subject and a Predicate or what is affirmed of it Unto the Subject spoken of which is Melchisedec there is adjoyned a large Description by its Properties and Adjuncts in sundry particulars That which is affirmed of him as so described which is the predicate of the Proposition is contained in the last words or the Close of the third Verse but being made like unto the Son of God abideth a Priest for ever The Introduction of the whole Discourse and therein its Connexion unto what went before is contained in the casual Particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
〈◊〉 For and this may respect the Reason why the Apostle affirmed and insisted so much on it that the Lord Christ was a Priest after the Order of Melchisedec For both the Truth saith he of my Assertion and the Necessity of insisting thereon will be sufficiently manifest if you will but consider who this Melchisedec was how he is Represented in the Scripture and what is affirmed of him Or Respect may be had in this word unto the whole preceding Discourse from Chap. 5. ver 11. There he lays the Foundation of it affirming that he had many things to say of this Melchisedec and those such as they would not easily understand unless they diligently applyed their minds unto the knowledge of Divine Mysteries hereof he now designs to give them an Account For this Melchisedec c. But the Connexion is most Natural unto the words immediately preceding and a Reason is given of what was affirmed in them Namely That Jesus was made an High Priest for ever after the Order of Melchisedec Chap. 6. 20. for it was thus with this Melchisedec When Truths in themselves Mysterious and of great Importance unto the Church are asserted or declared it is very necessary that clear Evidence and Demonstration be given unto them that the minds of men be left neither in the dark about their Meaning nor in suspense about their Truth So dealeth our Apostle in the large ensuing confirmation which he establisheth his fore-going Assertion withal The mention of Melchisedec is introduced with the Demonstrative Pronoune 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this It always hath an Emphasis and denotes somewhat eminent in the Subject spoken of mostly in a way of Commendation so ver 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consider how great a man this was This man of whom is our Discourse The Person spoken of is variously Described 1. By his Name Melchisedec 2. By his Original Office he was a King 3. The place of his Rule or Dominion which was Salem King of Salem 4. By another Office added to the former which principally belongs unto the Design of the Apostle which is described 1. By the Nature of it the Priesthood a Priest 2. By its Object and Author of the most High God 3. By his Actings as a Priest he Blessed Abraham Illustrated 1. By the manner of it he met him 2. By the time of it and its Circumstance when he returned from the slaughter of the Kings 6. By the acknowledgment of his Office made by Abraham he divided unto him the tenth part of all 7. By the Interpretation of his Name the King of Righteousness 8. Of the place of his Reign King of Peace 9. By sundry Properties of his Person gathered out of the Relation of his History in the Scripture without Father without Mother without Pedigree without beginning of days or end of life These Descriptions in all these particulars being given of him there are two things affirmed concerning him 1. That he was made like unto the Son of God 2. That he abideth a Priest continually all which things must be spoken unto For the Person spoken of and Described by his Name Melchisedec I shall in this place say no more of him but what is Necessary for the Understanding of the Text. For I shall not here Examine those Opinions and Disputes concerning him which for the most part have been raised by needless Curiosity the fond and impious imagination of them who would have him some of them to be the Holy Ghost and some of them God even the Father himself have been long since exploded That he was an Angel in Humane Appearance is so contrary to the Design of the Apostle that not many have given Countenance to that Opinion But that he was the Son of God himself in a prelibation of his Incarnation taking upon him the Form of a man as he did afterwards the internal Form and Being in the Personal Union some Learned Men have conjectured and contended Howbeit this also is directly contrary to the Text wherein he is said to be made like unto the Son of God And indeed all such Opinions as make him more than Man are wholly inconsistent with the Design of the Apostle which is to prove that even among men there was a Priest and Priesthood representative of Christ and his Priesthood Superiour to that of the Law which hath nothing of Argument in it if he were more than a Man Besides he lays it down for a certain Principle That every High Priest is taken from among men Chap. 5. 1. And therefore if Melchisedec were an High Priest he was so also Among these who grant him a meer man very many following the Opinion of the Jews contend he was Shem the Son of Noah who was certainly then alive and of great Authority in the World by virtue of his Primogeniture But this also riseth up in Contradiction unto our Apostle beyond all possibility of Reconciliation The Jews who are no further concerned in him but as to what is declared by Moses may safely as to their own Principles though not truly conjecture him to be Shem. But whereas our Apostle affirms that he was without Father without Mother without Genealogy having neither beginning of Days nor end of Life we are not allowed to Interpret these things of him concerning whom most of them are expressely Recorded Nor will it suffice to say that these things indeed are written of him under the Name of Shem but not under the Name of Melchisedec For this were to make the Apostle to lay the weight of so Important an Argument as that in hand and from whence he infers the removal of all the Ancient Legal Institutions out of the Church upon a Niceity and to catch as it were at an Advantage for it Besides let him be called as he will it is his Person in the discharge of his Office which the Apostle speaks of and the things affirmed of him are not true concerning or not truly applicable unto Shem. And we may observe by the way what a blessed effect it is of the Care and Wisdome of God towards the Church that there are so few things in the Scripture that seem to administer occasion unto the Curiosities and Conjectures of Men and of those not any of them needful unto our Faith and Obedience so as that they should receive the least prejudice by our Ignorance of the precise sence of those places The whole is filled with such Depths of Wisdome and Truth as require our Humble Diligent Reverend Careful search into them all the days of our lives But particular Passages Historical or Mystical such as seem to leave room for variety of Conjectures are very few Had they been Multiplyed especially in Matters of any Importance it could not have been avoided but that Religion would have been filled with Fruitless Notions and Speculations And thus it hath fallen out in this Matter of Melchisedec which being veiled or hidden in the Old Testament
that was typically represented in the Sanctuary below And therein doth the Lord Christ discharge his Priestly Office for the good of the Church It was a joyful time with the Church of Old when the High Priest entred into the Holy Place For he carried with him the Blood wherewith Attonement was made for all their sins Yet he was quickly again to leave that Place and his Ministration therein But our High Priest abides in the Sanctuary in the Holy Place for ever alwaies representing the efficacy of the Blood whereby atonement was made for all our sins As no Interposition between Heaven and us should discourage us while Christ is there ministring for us so his being there will draw our hearts and minds thither continually if so be we are really interested in his Holy ministrations These things are to some in darkness and obscurity if not wholly out of their sight yet out of their Practice In their Faith Worship and Obedience they find no concernment in the Heavenly ministrations of this High Priest Things within the Vail are hid from them Yet would such Persons be esteemed Christians But the Relief the Direction the Consolation which true Believers do or may in the due exercise of Faith receive by the consideration hereof are gracious and pleasant yea full of Glory The second Part of the Limitation of the ministration of our High Priest is in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of that true Tabernacle which is farther described by its efficient cause expressed both positively and negatively which God pitched and not man Expositors generally agree that by True in this Place that which is Substantial Solid and abiding is intended For it is opposed unto that which is Umbratile Transitory and Pigurative The Old Tabernacle could in no sense be said to be false or deceiving for it was an Ordinance of God set up and used by his Appointment and gave true directions unto its proper end But it was Figurative and Typical denoting somewhat that was to be the true and substantial Tabernacle of God So is the expression interpreted John 6. 23. Moses gave you not the Bread from Heaven but my Father giveth you the true Bread from Heaven that is Spiritually substantial and abiding nourishing the soul unto eternal Life But what is the Tabernacle here intended deserves our diligent enquiry And I find a fourfold sense to be given of these words The true Tabernacle 1. Some as Grotius take it for this whole Universe the Fabrick of Heaven and Earth This some even among the Heathen have called the Tabernacle and Temple of God This he hath made as it were to dwell in as a certain fixed Place for the manifestation of his Glory And whereas the ministry of Christ at least as unto the effects of it is not confined unto any certain Place above or below to no material Tabernacle or Temple The whole universe is called his Tabernacle as being that which is true substantial and abiding And thus it may answer what is affirmed of all Power being given unto him in Heaven and Earth and his being given to be the Head over all things unto the Church I see nothing absurd in this Opinion nor contradictory unto the Analogy of Faith But the Design of the Apostle in using these words and expressions will not allow this to be his especial meaning For somewhat he doth intend that the Old Tabernacle did typify and represent which it did not the Fabrick of the Universe but that especial pattern which was shewed unto Moses in the Mount 2. Some with more probability do judge that by the true Tabernacle the Universal Spiritual Catholick Church is intended For this is compared expressly unto a Tabernacle Isa. 33. 20. Chap. 54. 2. And herein doth God dwell and walk amongst men Hereof Christ may be said to be the minister For as he is the Head of it so he dwelleth in it And it is undoubtedly in the behalf of this Tabernacle that he continueth to administer in the Holy Place and all the Benefits of his Ministration do redound hereunto But yet all this doth not suffice to have the Lord Christ called the Minister of this Tabernacle This indeed is that which he ministreth for but it is not that which he ministreth by The Tabernacle and the things contained in it were the means of worship and that which was materially employed in divine service which the Catholick Church answereth not unto Neither was the Tabernacle of Old which is here alluded unto a Type of the Church but of Christ himself 3. Most Expositors take the Tabernacle as they do the Sanctuary for Heaven it self And they would have the word true by a Zeugma to belong unto the Sanctuary as well as unto the Tabernacle which we have also before allowed But yet this proveth not that the Sanctuary and the Tabernacle must be the same though both be equally true in the same sense This way go the Greek Expositors as Chrysostome Theophylact and Oecumenius on the Place And because this Tabernacle is said to be fixed of God Chrysostome reproacheth them who say that the Heavens do move and are Spherical though he never had a prophetical dream of the Copernican Hypothesis But yet as Beza well observes they forsook their own interpretation on Chap. 9. 11 12. where the Tabernacle is spoken of in the same sense that here it is But besides the Reasons that shall be given immediately for another interpretation two things will not comply with this For 1. There is no reason why the Apostle should express the same thing first under the name of the Sanctuary and then of a Tabernacle 2. There is no especial Reason why it should be added peculiarly concerning the Heavens which God hath fixed and not man for this was never questioned 4. I say therefore that by this true Tabernacle the Humane Nature of the Lord Christ himself is intended Hereof he is the Minister herein doth he minister before God above For 1. Hereof the Old Tabernacle was a Type Thence is the expression taken and thereunto is opposition made in the Epithete True This therefore is our best direction and rule in the interpretation of this expression For look what that Type did signifie what was to be the substantial Antitype of it that is the true Tabernacle whereof the Lord Christ is the Minister For all agree that it is called true in opposition and answer unto that which was umbratile and figurative Now that Tabernacle was not erected to be a Type of Heaven nor is any such thing intimated in the Scripture A token pledge and means it was of Gods presence with his People here on earth of his nearness unto them whence also he is said to dwell among them But this he doth really and substantially only through Christ. He therefore alone is this true Tabernacle For 2. In answer hereunto when he was incarnate and came into the world it is said that