the_o material_a figure_n of_o wood_n or_o stone_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o show_v that_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n or_o image-worship_n be_v not_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o the_o image_n themselves_o but_o worship_v god_n by_o image_n and_o what_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o be_v 1._o and_o the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v observe_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o commandment_n which_o all_o protestant_n own_a and_o defend_v against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o make_v the_o second_o commandment_n only_o a_o branch_n and_o appendix_n of_o the_o first_o now_o the_o first_o commandment_n forbid_v all_o false_a object_n of_o worship_n the_o worship_n of_o all_o creature_n and_o fictitious_a deity_n and_o therefore_o the_o worship_n of_o all_o being_n beside_o god_n whether_o rational_a animate_v or_o inanimate_a be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o commandment_n and_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o it_o and_o consequent_o the_o second_o commandment_n which_o forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n can_v forbid_v they_o as_o false_a object_n for_o all_o such_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o first_o commandment_n but_o as_o a_o false_a and_o corrupt_a way_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o image_n worship_n as_o it_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n can_v signify_v worship_v the_o image_n itself_o as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o prototype_n for_o that_o will_v make_v it_o a_o false_a object_n of_o worship_n against_o the_o first_o commandment_n but_o only_o a_o false_a and_o superstitious_a way_n of_o represent_v and_o worship_v god_n by_o a_o image_n 2_o and_o therefore_o i_o observe_v that_o a_o image_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n which_o yet_o it_o must_v necessary_o do_v if_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o image-worship_n to_o worship_v the_o image_n itself_o which_o will_v make_v the_o image_n a_o new_a object_n of_o worship_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o man_n who_o do_v not_o dispute_v themselves_o into_o endless_a subtlety_n and_o distinction_n intend_v no_o more_o in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n than_o to_o worship_n that_o god_n who_o image_n it_o be_v and_o therefore_o the_o object_n of_o worship_n be_v the_o same_o with_o or_o without_o a_o image_n they_o who_o worship_n the_o true_a god_n with_o a_o image_n and_o they_o who_o worship_v he_o without_o a_o image_n worship_v the_o same_o god_n though_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n and_o beside_o what_o judgement_n man_n make_v of_o their_o own_o action_n and_o what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v the_o scripture_n itself_o acknowledge_v this_o when_o the_o israelite_n make_v a_o golden_a calf_n aaron_n proclaim_v a_o feast_n to_o the_o lord_n jehovah_n which_o prove_v that_o they_o intend_v to_o worship_v the_o same_o god_n still_o in_o the_o golden_a calf_n which_o they_o do_v before_o without_o it_o thus_o the_o two_o calf_n which_o jeroboam_n set_v up_o be_v make_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o golden_a calf_n and_o for_o symbolical_a representation_n of_o the_o god_n of_o israel_n who_o be_v worship_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o jeroboam_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o change_v their_o god_n but_o only_o to_o prevent_v their_o go_v up_o to_o jerusalem_n to_o worship_n god_n there_o and_o therefore_o he_o tell_v they_o it_o be_v too_o much_o for_o you_o to_o go_v up_o to_o jerusalem_n behold_v thy_o god_n 28._o o_o israel_n which_o bring_v thou_o up_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n that_o be_v the_o lord_n jehovah_n now_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o god_n himself_o though_o he_o be_v grievous_o offend_v with_o the_o sin_n of_o jeroboam_n yet_o he_o make_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o sin_n of_o jeroboam_n and_o the_o sin_n of_o ahab_n 32._o who_o introduce_v the_o worship_n of_o baal_n a_o false_a god_n whereas_o jeroboam_n retain_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n though_o he_o worship_v he_o in_o a_o false_a and_o idolatrous_a manner_n if_o the_o calf_n of_o don_n and_o bethel_n have_v be_v false_a god_n as_o baal_n be_v the_o sin_n have_v be_v equal_o provoke_v but_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o calf_n do_v not_o change_v their_o god_n as_o the_o worship_n of_o baal_n do_v and_o therefore_o elijah_n distinguish_v the_o israelite_n into_o the_o worshipper_n of_o god_n and_o of_o baal_n how_o long_o halt_v you_o between_o two_o opinion_n 21._o if_o the_o lord_n be_v god_n follow_v he_o but_o if_o baal_n then_o follow_v he_o and_o yet_o most_o of_o those_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v worshipper_n of_o god_n do_v worship_n god_n at_o the_o calf_n of_o dan_n and_o bethel_n which_o be_v the_o establish_a religion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thus_o jehu_n though_o he_o depart_v not_o from_o the_o sin_n of_o jeroboam_n the_o golden_a calf_n in_o dan_n and_o bethel_n 16._o yet_o he_o call_v his_o zeal_n in_o destroy_v baal_n out_o of_o israel_n his_o zeal_n for_o the_o lord_n jehovah_n now_o if_o the_o worship_n of_o a_o image_n do_v not_o change_v the_o object_n of_o our_o worship_n neither_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o worshipper_n nor_o in_o the_o account_n of_o scripture_n as_o i_o have_v now_o prove_v it_o evident_o follow_v that_o the_o image_n be_v not_o worship_v as_o a_o object_n but_o as_o a_o medium_fw-la of_o worship_n it_o receive_v no_o worship_n for_o itself_o but_o only_o for_o god_n who_o it_o represent_v and_o that_o which_o be_v so_o offensive_a to_o god_n in_o it_o be_v not_o that_o they_o set_v up_o any_o rival_n and_o opposite_a god_n against_o he_o but_o that_o they_o worship_v he_o in_o a_o reproachful_a and_o dishonourable_a manner_n which_o make_v he_o abhor_v and_o reject_v the_o worship_n and_o because_o he_o will_v not_o receive_v this_o worship_n himself_o he_o call_v it_o worship_v idol_n and_o grave_a image_n and_o melt_a god_n that_o be_v vicarious_a and_o representative_a god_n which_o though_o they_o receive_v the_o worship_n in_o god_n name_n yet_o be_v a_o infinite_a reproach_n to_o his_o majesty_n by_o that_o vile_a and_o contemptible_a representation_n they_o make_v he_o this_o be_v the_o strict_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n not_o the_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o creature_n which_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o commandment_n in_o make_v new_a god_n but_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o a_o image_n which_o make_v such_o image_n god_n by_o representation_n but_o not_o the_o object_n but_o only_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v m._n de_fw-fr meaux_n that_o he_o do_v not_o worship_n image_n but_o only_o christ_n and_o the_o saint_n in_o or_o before_o their_o image_n this_o do_v not_o excuse_v he_o from_o idolatry_n which_o do_v not_o signify_v worship_v a_o image_n in_o a_o strict_a sense_n but_o only_o worship_v god_n in_o a_o image_n which_o terminate_v all_o the_o worship_n not_o on_o the_o image_n but_o on_o god_n 2_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v wherein_o the_o evil_a of_o this_o idolatry_n or_o image-worship_n do_v consist_v and_o that_o i_o say_v be_v in_o representation_n which_o i_o shall_v brief_o explain_v in_o these_o particular_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v a_o infinite_a reproach_n to_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o perfection_n to_o be_v represent_v by_o a_o image_n etc._n to_o who_o will_v you_o liken_v god_n or_o what_o likeness_n will_v you_o compare_v to_o he_o the_o workman_n melt_v a_o graven-image_n and_o the_o goldsmith_n spread_v it_o over_o with_o gold_n and_o cast_v silver_n chain_n he_o that_o be_v so_o impoverish_v that_o he_o have_v no_o oblation_n choose_v a_o tree_n that_o will_v not_o rot_v he_o seek_v unto_o he_o a_o cunning_a workman_n to_o prepare_v a_o grave_a image_n that_o shall_v not_o be_v move_v have_v you_o not_o know_v have_v you_o not_o hear_v have_v it_o not_o be_v tell_v you_o from_o the_o beginning_n have_v you_o not_o understand_v from_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v he_o that_o sit_v upon_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v as_o grasshopper_n that_o stretch_v cut_v the_o heaven_n as_o a_o curtain_n and_o spread_v they_o out_o as_o a_o tent_n to_o dwell_v in_o how_o incongruous_a and_o absurd_a be_v it_o to_o make_v a_o picture_n or_o image_n of_o that_o god_n who_o be_v invisible_a to_o represent_v a_o pure_a mind_n by_o matter_n dull_a senseless_a matter_n to_o give_v the_o shape_n and_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n or_o some_o vile_a creature_n to_o that_o god_n who_o have_v none_o to_o make_v a_o image_n for_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o world_n and_o to_o bring_v that_o infinite_a be_v to_o the_o scantling_n and_o dimension_n of_o a_o man_n who_o fill_v heaven_n and_o earth_n with_o his_o presence_n if_o it_o
the_o worship_n of_o image_n unless_o he_o will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o make_v the_o image_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o heaven_n or_o earth_n or_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o then_o they_o can_v have_v no_o image_n to_o worship_n tertullian_n indeed_o and_o some_o other_o condemn_v the_o very_a art_n of_o paint_v and_o carve_v image_n as_o forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n and_o it_o be_v certain_o unlawful_a to_o make_v any_o image_n in_o order_n to_o worship_v it_o but_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o this_o author_n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o make_v a_o image_n or_o picture_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o planet_n of_o bird_n and_o beast_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n which_o be_v the_o likeness_n of_o thing_n in_o heaven_n and_o thing_n on_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v than_o the_o make_n of_o those_o image_n be_v not_o forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n and_o then_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o be_v not_o forbid_v neither_o but_o he_o say_v he_o mean_v such_o image_n as_o be_v make_v to_o represent_v god_n and_o those_o which_o be_v make_v to_o show_v he_o present_a and_o which_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o intention_n as_o full_a of_o his_o divinity_n but_o be_v this_o the_o work_n of_o the_o carver_n or_o the_o painter_n to_o make_v a_o god_n can_v the_o pencil_n or_o the_o knife_n put_v divinity_n into_o a_o picture_n or_o image_n this_o be_v the_o work_n of_o he_o that_o consecrate_v and_o he_o that_o worship_n qui_fw-la fingit_fw-la sacros_fw-la auro_fw-la vel_fw-la marmore_fw-la vultus_fw-la non_fw-la facit_fw-la ille_fw-la deos_fw-la qui_fw-la colit_fw-la ille_fw-la facit_fw-la he_o have_v forget_v the_o brazen_a serpent_n which_o hezekiah_n break_v the_o make_n of_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v not_o forbid_v in_o the_o second_o command_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o worship_n of_o it_o be_v but_o to_o return_v though_o the_o second_o commandment_n forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o image_n and_o every_o act_n and_o degree_n of_o worship_n without_o leave_v room_n for_o any_o exception_n or_o distinction_n yet_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o scripture_n what_o be_v the_o currant_n notion_n of_o image-worship_n at_o that_o time_n viz._n that_o they_o worship_v their_o image_n not_o for_o god_n but_o for_o symbol_n and_o representation_n of_o their_o god_n that_o be_v they_o set_v they_o up_o as_o visible_a object_n of_o worship_n to_o receive_v their_o worship_n in_o the_o name_n and_o stead_n of_o their_o god_n they_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o image_n themselves_o but_o their_o god_n in_o and_o by_o their_o image_n indeed_o this_o be_v the_o only_a notion_n of_o image-worship_n that_o any_o man_n ever_o have_v till_o christian_n begin_v to_o worship_v image_n and_o then_o be_v force_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o to_o distinguish_v away_o the_o idolatry_n of_o it_o this_o be_v the_o account_n the_o heathen_n give_v of_o their_o worship_n of_o image_n that_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v god_n but_o only_o worship_v their_o god_n in_o their_o image_n thus_o cicero_n ascribe_v the_o make_v image_n of_o their_o god_n in_o humane_a shape_n to_o their_o superstition_n 27._o ut_fw-la essent_fw-la simulacra_fw-la quae_fw-la vener_n ant_n deos_fw-la ipsos_fw-la se_fw-la adire_fw-la crederent_fw-la that_o they_o may_v have_v image_n to_o make_v their_o address_n to_o as_o if_o the_o god_n themselves_o be_v present_a and_o maximus_n tyrius_n give_v a_o large_a account_n of_o their_o image_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 38._o that_o they_o be_v all_o but_o so_o many_o picture_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o deity_n to_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o conception_n of_o he_o and_o it_o matter_n not_o what_o the_o image_n be_v so_o it_o bring_v god_n to_o our_o thought_n and_o direct_v our_o worship_n to_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d celsus_n and_o julian_n deny_v that_o they_o think_v their_o image_n to_o be_v god_n and_o so_o do_v the_o heathen_n in_o arnobius_n etc._n athanasius_n and_o st._n austin_n as_o those_o father_n acknowledge_v and_o julian_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o lover_n of_o god_n love_v the_o representation_n of_o the_o god_n and_o behold_v their_o image_n do_v secret_o fear_v and_o reverence_v they_o which_o although_o invisible_a themselves_o do_v behold_v he_o and_o dio_n chrysostom_n in_o his_o olympic_a oration_n give_v this_o account_n why_o man_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o image_n which_o they_o know_v can_v express_v the_o invisible_a and_o inexpressible_a nature_n of_o god_n 12._o because_o mankind_n do_v not_o love_n to_o worship_n god_n at_o a_o distance_n but_o to_o come_v near_o and_o feel_v he_o and_o with_o assurance_n sacrifice_n to_o he_o and_o crown_v he_o nay_o those_o very_a heathen_n who_o believe_v that_o some_o invisible_a spirit_n after_o consecration_n be_v not_o incorporate_v with_o their_o image_n which_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o any_o of_o they_o think_v but_o present_a in_o they_o do_v not_o therefore_o worship_v the_o material_a figure_n but_o through_o the_o visible_a image_n worship_v those_o invisible_a spirit_n which_o be_v hide_v in_o it_o 113._o non_fw-la hoc_fw-la visibile_fw-la colo_fw-la sed_fw-la numen_fw-la quod_fw-la illic_fw-la invisibiliter_fw-la habitat_fw-la and_o therefore_o arnobius_n say_v that_o they_o form_v the_o image_n of_o their_o god_n vicariâ_fw-la substitutione_n that_o be_v to_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n of_o god_n 6._o to_o be_v a_o vicarious_a object_n of_o worship_n to_o receive_v their_o worship_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o god_n and_o that_o god_n receive_v their_o worship_n by_o image_n per_fw-la quaedam_fw-la fidei_fw-la commissa_fw-la by_o way_n of_o trust_n as_o if_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o receive_v their_o worship_n for_o god_n in_o his_o stead_n hence_o st._n austin_n tell_v we_o that_o no_o image_n of_o god_n ought_v to_o be_v worship_v but_o only_o christ_n who_o be_v what_o he_o be_v and_o he_o not_o to_o be_v worship_v instead_o of_o god_n but_o together_o with_o he_o which_o show_v plain_o what_o notion_n the_o father_n have_v of_o proper_a image-worship_n 11._o that_o it_o be_v to_o worship_v the_o image_n instead_o of_o god_n and_o therefore_o though_o christ_n be_v such_o a_o image_n of_o god_n as_o must_v be_v worship_v yet_o he_o must_v not_o be_v worship_v as_o a_o image_n that_o be_v not_o in_o the_o stead_n but_o together_o with_o god_n and_o st._n hierom_n on_o rom._n 1._o give_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o image-worship_n quomodo_fw-la invisibilis_fw-la deus_fw-la per_fw-la simulacrum_fw-la visibile_fw-la coleretur_fw-la that_o it_o be_v to_o worship_v the_o invisible_a god_n by_o a_o visible_a image_n and_o therefore_o fall_v down_o before_o their_o image_n be_v call_v by_o arnobius_n 1._o deorum_fw-la ante_fw-la ora_fw-la prostrati_fw-la prostrate_v themselves_o before_o the_o face_n of_o their_o god_n which_o be_v apt_o express_v by_o caesar_n 2._o ante_fw-la simulacra_fw-la projecti_fw-la victoriam_fw-la a_o diis_fw-la exposcerent_fw-la fall_v down_o before_o their_o image_n they_o beg_v victory_n of_o their_o go_n and_o in_o those_o day_n before_o they_o be_v acquaint_v with_o school-distinction_n to_o pray_v to_o their_o god_n before_o their_o image_n and_o fix_v their_o eye_n on_o they_o be_v think_v to_o be_v image-worship_n thus_o st._n austin_n express_v it_o by_o adorat_fw-la well_fw-mi orat_fw-la intuens_fw-la simulacrum_fw-la adore_v or_o pray_v look_v upon_o a_o image_n 4._o and_o so_o do_v ovid_n summissoque_fw-la genus_fw-la vultus_fw-la in_o imagine_v divae_fw-la fixit_fw-la with_o bend_a knee_n he_o fix_v his_o eye_n upon_o the_o image_n of_o the_o goddess_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v level_v against_o this_o notion_n of_o it_o that_o they_o worship_v their_o god_n by_o image_n not_o that_o they_o think_v their_o image_n to_o be_v go_n this_o then_o be_v the_o receive_a notion_n of_o image-worship_n among_o the_o heathen_n in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o far_o as_o we_o have_v any_o account_n of_o their_o opinion_n and_o be_v the_o only_a intelligible_a account_n that_o can_v be_v give_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o second_o commandment_n which_o forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n have_v a_o principal_a regard_n to_o it_o but_o i_o have_v other_o argument_n from_o the_o scripture_n itself_o to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o first_o example_n of_o image-worship_n among_o the_o israelite_n after_o the_o give_v this_o law_n that_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o golden_a calf_n which_o aaron_n make_v while_o moses_n be_v in_o the_o mount_n that_o this_o calf_n be_v intend_v only_o as_o a_o symbolical_a representation_n of_o the_o god_n of_o israel_n and_o that_o they_o worship_v the_o lord_n jehovah_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o this_o
calf_n be_v so_o evident_a from_o the_o whole_a story_n that_o i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o man_n fit_a to_o be_v dispute_v with_o who_o deny_v it_o for_o he_o must_v either_o want_v understanding_n or_o honesty_n to_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o plain_a matter_n which_o he_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o believe_v the_o occasion_n of_o their_o make_v this_o calf_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o moses_n who_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o live_a oracle_n and_o divine_a presence_n with_o they_o they_o say_v to_o aaron_n up_o 1._o make_v we_o god_n which_o shall_v go_v before_o we_o for_o as_o for_o this_o moses_n the_o man_n who_o bring_v we_o up_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n we_o wot_v not_o what_o be_v become_v of_o he_o so_o that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o new_a god_n but_o only_o a_o divine_a presence_n with_o they_o since_o moses_n who_o use_v to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o govern_v they_o by_o a_o divine_a spirit_n be_v so_o long_o absent_a that_o they_o think_v he_o lose_v when_o the_o calf_n be_v make_v they_o say_v these_o be_v thy_o god_n o_o israel_n which_o bring_v thou_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n which_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o understand_v of_o the_o calf_n which_o be_v but_o then_o make_v for_o though_o we_o shall_v think_v they_o so_o silly_a as_o to_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o god_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o calf_n bring_v they_o out_o of_o egypt_n before_o itself_o be_v make_v nor_o can_v they_o think_v any_o egyptian_a god_n deliver_v they_o out_o of_o egypt_n to_o the_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n of_o their_o own_o country_n especial_o since_o they_o certain_o know_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n jehovah_n who_o bring_v they_o out_o of_o egypt_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o moses_n and_o therefore_o aaron_n build_v a_o altar_n before_o it_o and_o proclaim_v a_o feast_n to_o the_o lord_n or_o to_o jehovah_n as_o the_o word_n be_v which_o make_v it_o very_o plain_a to_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o worship_v the_o lord_n jehovah_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o golden_a calf_n which_o they_o make_v for_o a_o symbolical_a representation_n and_o presence_n of_o god_n &c_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o notion_n the_o egyptian_n have_v of_o their_o image_n from_o who_o they_o learn_v this_o way_n of_o worship_n and_o i_o need_v not_o tell_v any_o man_n how_o displease_v this_o be_v to_o god_n 2._o another_o argument_n of_o this_o be_v that_o image_n be_v call_v god_n in_o scripture_n 17._o isa._n 44._o 10._o who_o have_v fashion_v a_o god_n or_o melt_v a_o graven_n image_n which_o be_v profitable_a for_o nothing_o he_o make_v a_o god_n and_o worship_v it_o he_o make_v it_o a_o grave_v image_n and_o fall_v down_o thereto_o the_o residue_n thereof_o he_o make_v a_o god_n even_o his_o graven_n image_n and_o worship_v it_o and_o pray_v unto_o it_o and_o say_v deliver_v i_o for_o thou_o be_v my_o god_n i_o need_v not_o multiply_v place_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o for_o this_o be_v own_a by_o all_o the_o advocate_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o rely_v on_o as_o the_o great_a support_n of_o their_o cause_n from_o hence_o they_o say_v it_o be_v plain_a in_o what_o sense_n god_n forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n viz._n when_o man_n worship_v their_o image_n for_o god_n as_o the_o text_n assert_v the_o heathen_n do_v but_o though_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n worship_n image_n yet_o she_o do_v not_o worship_v they_o for_o god_n but_o only_a worship_n god_n or_o christ_n or_o the_o saint_n in_o and_o by_o their_o image_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a zeal_n to_o make_v the_o first_o and_o second_o commandment_n but_o one_o because_o the_o first_o commandment_n forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o all_o false_a god_n if_o that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o second_o commandment_n which_o forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v reckon_v only_o as_o part_v of_o the_o first_o than_o they_o think_v it_o plain_a in_o what_o sense_n the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v forbid_v viz._n only_o as_o the_o worship_n of_o false_a god_n and_o therefore_o those_o can_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o commandment_n who_o do_v not_o believe_v their_o image_n to_o be_v go_n now_o beside_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o heathen_n do_v not_o believe_v the_o image_n themselves_o to_o be_v god_n which_o be_v so_o sottish_a a_o conceit_n as_o no_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o i_o have_v several_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o understand_v it_o in_o this_o sense_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o golden_a calf_n be_v call_v god_n of_o gold_n exod._n 32._o 31._o and_o yet_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o do_v not_o believe_v the_o calf_n to_o be_v a_o god_n but_o only_o a_o symbol_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o lord_n jehovah_n who_o they_o worship_v in_o the_o calf_n 2._o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o image_n which_o signify_v a_o likeness_n and_o representation_n of_o some_o other_o be_v be_v irreconcilable_a with_o such_o a_o belief_n that_o the_o image_n itself_o be_v a_o god_n that_o the_o image_n be_v that_o very_a god_n who_o it_o be_v make_v to_o represent_v which_o signify_v that_o the_o likeness_n of_o god_n be_v that_o very_a god_n who_o likeness_n it_o be_v especial_o when_o the_o scripture_n which_o call_v such_o image_n god_n call_v they_o also_o the_o image_n of_o their_o go_n which_o be_v proof_n enough_o that_o though_o the_o scripture_n call_v image_n god_n it_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o they_o believe_v their_o material_a image_n to_o be_v god_n for_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o the_o image_n of_o baal_n be_v both_o their_o god_n baal_n and_o his_o image_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o image_n be_v not_o the_o thing_n it_o represent_v 3._o the_o argument_n urge_v in_o scripture_n against_o image_n plain_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v to_o be_v god_n but_o only_a representation_n of_o god_n one_o argument_n be_v because_o they_o see_v no_o similitude_n of_o god_n when_o he_o speak_v to_o they_o in_o horeb_n out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o fire_n another_o that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o likeness_n of_o he_o 15._o to_o who_o then_o will_v you_o liken_v god_n or_o what_o likeness_n will_v you_o compare_v to_o he_o to_o who_o then_o will_v you_o liken_v i_o 27._o or_o shall_v i_o be_v equal_a say_v the_o holy_a one_o thus_o st._n paul_n argue_v with_o the_o philosopher_n at_o athens_n for_o as_o much_o then_o as_o we_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o god_n 29._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v the_o godhead_n to_o be_v like_a to_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o stone_n grave_v by_o art_n and_o man_n device_n now_o what_o do_v all_o these_o argument_n signify_v against_o make_v a_o god_n for_o if_o they_o can_v make_v a_o god_n what_o matter_n be_v it_o who_o their_o god_n be_v like_o so_o he_o be_v a_o god_n it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n against_o make_v any_o image_n and_o representation_n of_o god_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n like_o he_o but_o it_o be_v enough_o for_o a_o god_n to_o be_v like_o itself_o in_o what_o sense_n then_o you_o will_v say_v do_v the_o scripture_n call_v image_n god_n there_o be_v but_o one_o possible_a sense_n that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o that_o be_v that_o they_o be_v vicarious_a and_o substitute_v god_n that_o they_o be_v set_v up_o in_o god_n place_n to_o represent_v his_o person_n and_o to_o receive_v our_o worship_n in_o his_o name_n and_o stead_n and_o so_o be_v god_n by_o office_n though_o not_o by_o nature_n they_o be_v visible_a representation_n of_o the_o invisible_a god_n they_o bear_v his_o name_n and_o receive_v his_o worship_n as_o the_o golden_a calf_n be_v call_v jehovah_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o calf_n be_v call_v a_o feast_n unto_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v some_o reason_n for_o their_o be_v call_v god_n as_o the_o proxy_n and_o substitute_n act_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n he_o represent_v which_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v the_o scripture_n notion_n of_o image-worship_n that_o the_o image_n be_v worship_v in_o god_n name_n and_o stead_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o observe_v that_o though_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o idol_n signify_v a_o false_a god_n yet_o it_o signify_v such_o a_o false_a god_n as_o be_v only_o the_o image_n and_o figure_n of_o another_o god_n for_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o likeness_n or_o similitude_n 4._o thus_o tertullian_n tell_v we_o eorum_fw-la imagine_v idola_fw-la imaginum_fw-la consecratio_fw-la idolatria_fw-la that_o their_o image_n be_v idol_n and_o the_o consecration_n of_o they_o be_v idolatry_n thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o wisdom_n attribute_n the_o original_a of_o idolatry_n 15._o to_o father_n make_v image_n for_o their_o child_n who_o be_v dead_a and_o appoint_v solemnity_n to_o be_v keep_v before_o they_o as_o if_o they_o be_v god_n and_o thus_o by_o degree_n prince_n pass_v these_o thing_n into_o law_n and_o make_v man_n to_o worship_v grave_v image_n and_o thus_o either_o out_o of_o affection_n or_o flattery_n the_o worship_n of_o idol_n begin_v which_o show_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o idol_n image_n consecrate_v for_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o he_o distinguish_v the_o worship_n of_o idol_n from_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o element_n and_o heavenly_a body_n 6._o when_o this_o be_v do_v without_o a_o image_n and_o therefore_o no_o god_n be_v in_o scripture_n call_v a_o idol_n but_o with_o respect_n to_o its_o image_n thus_o idol_n and_o molten_n god_n be_v join_v together_o 13515._o as_o expound_v each_o other_o and_o the_o psalmist_n tell_v we_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v silver_n and_o gold_n the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n so_o that_o a_o idol_n be_v a_o false_a god_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o material_a image_n make_v to_o represent_v some_o god_n as_o a_o visible_a object_n of_o worship_n to_o receive_v the_o worship_n of_o that_o god_n who_o name_n it_o bear_v in_o his_o place_n and_o stead_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o scripture_n charge_v these_o image-worshipper_n with_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n into_o the_o likeness_n and_o similitude_n of_o those_o creature_n whereby_o they_o represent_v he_o the_o israelite_n make_v the_o image_n of_o a_o golden_a calf_n as_o the_o symbolical_a representation_n and_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n jehovah_n and_o the_o psalmist_n tell_v we_o that_o by_o so_o do_v they_o change_v their_o glory_n i._n e._n the_o lord_n jehovah_n who_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o israel_n into_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o ox_n which_o eat_v grass_n which_o necessary_o suppose_v that_o they_o intend_v to_o represent_v the_o lord_n jehovah_n in_o the_o image_n of_o the_o calf_n not_o that_o they_o think_v their_o god_n to_o be_v like_o the_o calf_n but_o as_o they_o make_v a_o vicarious_a and_o visible_a god_n of_o it_o and_o worship_v it_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n jehovah_n thus_o st._n paul_n describe_v the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o heathen_n 23._o that_o they_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n and_o four_o footed_a beast_n and_o creep_a thing_n but_o of_o this_o more_o present_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v what_o the_o scripture_n notion_n of_o image-worship_n be_v and_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o condemn_v it_o 3_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v wherein_o the_o evil_a of_o this_o image-worship_n consist_v which_o will_v great_o contribute_v to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o whole_a dispute_n now_o the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o general_n be_v very_o short_a and_o plain_a that_o the_o evil_a of_o image-worship_n when_o we_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n by_o a_o image_n do_v not_o so_o much_o consist_v in_o the_o kind_n or_o degree_n or_o object_n of_o worship_n as_o in_o representation_n and_o if_o this_o prove_v the_o true_a account_n of_o it_o as_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v to_o all_o consider_v man_n before_o i_o have_v do_v it_o will_v quite_o alter_v the_o state_n of_o this_o controversy_n and_o put_v m._n de_fw-fr meaux_n and_o the_o representer_n to_o find_v out_o some_o new_a exposition_n and_o representation_n of_o their_o image-worship_n 1._o that_o the_o evil_n of_o image-worship_n when_o man_n worship_v the_o true_a god_n by_o a_o image_n do_v not_o principal_o consist_v in_o the_o kind_n or_o degree_n or_o object_n of_o worship_n such_o man_n indeed_o be_v say_v in_o scripture_n to_o worship_n image_n and_o idol_n and_o molten_n god_n and_o that_o their_o idol_n be_v silver_n and_o gold_n wood_n and_o stone_n for_o when_o they_o worship_v god_n by_o a_o image_n they_o must_v worship_v the_o image_n or_o else_o they_o can_v worship_v god_n in_o it_o though_o they_o worship_v the_o image_n not_o for_o itself_o but_o for_o the_o prototype_n as_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n determine_v which_o be_v more_o proper_o worship_v god_n or_o christ_n in_o or_o before_o his_o image_n as_o m._n de_fw-fr meaux_n expound_v it_o than_o worship_v the_o image_n and_o they_o be_v say_v to_o worship_n image_n rather_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o manner_n than_o to_o the_o object_n of_o worship_n as_o you_o shall_v hear_v more_o present_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n indeed_o as_o her_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n be_v expound_v by_o her_o most_o fame_a divine_n may_v just_o be_v charge_v with_o worship_v image_n in_o the_o gross_a sense_n as_o that_o signify_v give_v religious_a worship_n to_o the_o material_a image_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n which_o be_v strict_o to_o worship_v stock_n and_o stone_n as_o go_n this_o charge_n may_v be_v easy_o make_v good_a against_o all_o those_o who_o teach_v that_o the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v proper_o worship_v and_o that_o either_o a_o relative_a latria_fw-la or_o some_o proper_a inferior_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v terminate_v on_o the_o image_n as_o its_o material_a object_n and_o yet_o most_o of_o the_o roman_a doctor_n atttibute_v one_o or_o tother_o to_o the_o image_n as_o distinct_a from_o that_o worship_n they_o give_v to_o the_o prototype_n and_o dispute_v very_o learned_o that_o this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n both_o of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n that_o a_o proper_a worship_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n distinct_a from_o that_o worship_n which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o prototype_n but_o they_o can_v yet_o agree_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o relative_a improper_a analogical_a latria_fw-la which_o must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n or_o only_a dulia_n or_o a_o inferior_a degree_n of_o religious_a worship_n this_o have_v hitherto_o be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o controversy_n between_o protestant_n and_o papist_n about_o image-worship_n and_o m._n de_fw-fr meaux_n seem_v very_o sensible_a that_o attribute_v a_o proper_a worship_n to_o image_n so_o as_o to_o terminate_v it_o on_o they_o gives_z too_o just_a occasion_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n and_o put_v they_o to_o hard_a shift_n to_o vindicate_v themselves_o from_o it_o and_o therefore_o he_o own_v no_o worship_n due_a to_o the_o image_n for_o itself_o but_o only_o as_o it_o represent_v the_o prototype_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n as_o of_o the_o prototype_n by_o the_o image_n and_o here_o i_o perfect_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o image-worship_n be_v not_o to_o worship_v the_o image_n at_o all_o consider_v in_o itself_o as_o a_o material_a figure_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n but_o only_o to_o worship_n god_n or_o christ_n in_o the_o image_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v set_v aside_o this_o dispute_n in_o what_o sense_n or_o how_o far_o a_o papist_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o worship_v the_o material_a image_n which_o have_v occasion_v eternal_a wrangling_n and_o yet_o do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o controversy_n of_o image-worship_n to_o worship_v a_o material_a image_n be_v to_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o creature_n to_o wood_n and_o stone_n but_o image-worship_n be_v in_o its_o strict_a notion_n not_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o image_n but_o worship_v god_n in_o and_o by_o the_o image_n which_o represent_v he_o which_o in_o scripture_n be_v call_v worship_v image_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o m._n de_fw-fr meaux_n his_o exposition_n avoid_v the_o first_o charge_n of_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o wood_n and_o stone_n because_o he_o deny_v that_o they_o proper_o worship_v the_o image_n but_o only_o the_o prototype_n in_o the_o image_n yet_o the_o whole_a guilt_n of_o image-worship_n as_o that_o signify_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o image_n not_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o material_a image_n be_v chargeable_a upon_o he_o still_o that_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o prototype_n by_o the_o image_n which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n this_o it_o may_v be_v will_v be_v think_v a_o give_v up_o the_o cause_n to_o grant_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n may_v worship_n god_n or_o christ_n by_o image_n and_o yet_o not_o be_v chargeable_a with_o worship_v the_o image_n themselves_o or_o