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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	aaron_n	according_a	time_n	83	3	3.0002	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30658	A commentary on Antoninus, his Itinerary, or, Journies of the Romane Empire, so far as it concerneth Britain wherein the first foundation of our cities, lawes, and government, according to the Roman policy, are clearly discovered ... / by VVilliam Burton ... ; with a chorographicall map of the severall stations, and index's to the whole work.	Burton, William, 1609-1657.	1658 (1658)	Wing B6185; ESTC R6432	288,389	293

Voyages or Places which they usually accustomed to touch at in their expeditions by Sea set down after the recension of our Britain Stations have the Inscription of Itinerarium maritimum not Iter for the Britains indeed were generally accounted by the Romans themselves during the severall Ages they continued Masters of them to be toto divisi orbe and their Countrey likewise diducta Mundo wholy severed from the World and therefore not onely by their Poets but by their graver Writers also thought worthy to be termed Alter or Al us O●… and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 another habitable World And that not 〈◊〉 flourish only but in very good earnest in so much that Di●… a Consular Historian tels us That upon the apprehension hereof A. Plautius his Souldiers were very unwilling to follow him out of Gaul in his expedition hither seriously imagining it to be some service quite out of the World So that the Britains might very well seem to deserve a Notitia or Survey by themselves apart in the Description of the whole World Nature having first separated them by the vast and sometime thought unpassable Ocean More I could say by way of enlarging this Argument but I purposely forbear and refer it rather to another place Only this I add in this behalf that the word Iter doth not so fitly serve the turn in this place For first of all observe that here it doth no way exactly agree with what either the great Lawyer or Varro make the signification or meaning of the word to be in the latter of whom by the By I cannot choose but take notice of a Paradiorthosis or false emendation of Vertranius in that very place where he tels us what Iter is reading militare iter for limitare by which Varro understands nothing else but a small Path made in the confines of several mens Land ordered by a Law of the XII Tables to be not above V. Foot broad For had he meant those publick Through-fares or Waies which the Souldiers raised by uncessant and toilsome labor for their more convenient march from Station to Station call'd by Ammianus and others Aggeres itinerarii and actus publici by Herodian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Strata by Beda and such kind of Writers he would not have sayd Iter militare but via militaris the usuall word indeed Via as Iustinian teaches us containing in it both iter and actus and in ancient Authors iter militare is only quantum uno die militari gradu as Vegetius speaks conflci possit or One dayes march by Caesar and others call'd justum iter and by barbarous Writers dieta In the second place we may consider that here are XVI severall Itineraries or set marches not to be expressed by the singular Iter described from so many Garrisons to Garrisons it is likely of more esteem and concernment through others perhaps of less note here also set down to signifie all which Itinerarium must needs be thought far the more proper and significant notion by them that understand what it means and know besides to what excellent purpose such Itineraria were first instituted and appointed For they that are conversant in Antiquities of this nature cannot but take notice that to set down in writing likewise publish their particular Journeys and Marches by the several Camps Stations Mansions and Mutations so they were called by the Romans being places from which in after ages great Towns and Cities took their Originals was a thing for divers useful respects alwaies observed amongst the better managed and disciplin'd Nations and it was a business that tended to extraordinary advantage especially in great Empires and Dominions The people of Israel who had GOD for their Leader through the Wilderness to the Land of Promise most heedfully observed this course in their whole pilgrimage even from Romeses the place of their departure out of Egypt to the very Banks of Iordan and that not without the speciall Commandment of GOD himself These are saies Moses the Iourneys of the people of Israel which went forth out of the Land of Aegypt with their Armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron And Moses wrote their goings out according to their Iourneys by the Commandment of the LORD and these are their Iourneys according to their goings out And then he sets down no less then two and forty Journeys from the beginning of the Chapter to the 50. verse which S. Ierom calls Catalogum omnium mansionum per quas de Aegypto egrediens populos pervenit usque ad fluenta Iordanii Having passed over Iordan and under the Conduct of their victorious General either destroyed or dispossest the Inhabitants beyond it Three men are appointed out of each Tribe to go through the Land and describe it And the men went and passed through the Land and described it by Cities into seven parts in a Book and came again to Joshua to the Host at Shiloh As for the Kings of Persia we learn from Herodotus that they had the distances from Station to Station exactly set down through their great and vast Territories This is to be seen in him by that accurate enumeration of the severall Mansions from the Sea Coast in the lesser Asia even to Susa the Royall Palace containing in all C and XI Mansions All which described in a brazen Table with the Parasangs they were distant one from another Aristagoras the Militian brought to Cleomenes King of Sparta intending to urge the advantage he might gain thereby as a chief Argument to work him to the invasion of Persia. Although indeed he miss'd of his aime by unadvised and over-hastily telling him it would prove an expedition of some three months Journey before he had made it appear to him with what ease he might perform it his Marches and Quarter being by that Table before-hand scored out for him Buchanan therefore needed not to have sought so low for the antiquity of Draughts of this kind as the authority of Propertius Maps and Chorographicall descriptions being of so long standing And for Alexander the Great we may not imagine that so great a Commander would neglect so requisite and necessary a piece of Souldiership especially when we find that the Commentaries of his Marches were extant in Plinies time described by Diognetus and Beton whom he calls mensores itinerum Alexandri and he tells us a little before in the same Chapter that Comites Alexandri M. his followers diligently numbred and set down the Townes of that Tract of India which they had conquered and out of some of their Commentari s it is very likely was taken the summe of the 57. Chap. in Solinus inscribed 〈◊〉 Indicum Having spoken of ●…lexander I may by no meanes leave out his great parallel Iulius Caesar who though he hath left little to this purpose in those

qui sequuntur nec dextrà nec sinistrâ à praescripto itinere declinant meritoque non deficit qui imperatorem suum sequitur Moderatè enim ambulat quia imperator non quod sibi utile sed quod omnibus possibile considerat id●…o siativa ordinat triduò ambulat exercitus quarto requiescit die Eliguntur civitates in quibus triduum quatriduum plures interponantur dies si aquis abundant commerciis frequentantur ita sine labore consicitur iter donec ad eam urbem perveniatur quae quasi regalis eligitur in qua f●…ssis exercitibus requies ministratur I will not be farther troublesome by translating onely instead thereof observe that Itineraria among the ancient Latines are in Greek Writers called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. The Discriptions or Annotations of Mansions particularly in Strabo more then in one place Divers Grecians have set forth Books inscribed simply 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Eastern Countries As Amyntas mentioned by Athenaeus and Aelian with others Their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were the Roman Mansions the one borrowing the name from a word that signifies to stand the other from a word that signifies to stay manere which most anciently signified as much as Cubare to lye or rest all night Sometimes in long Journeys I mean they reckoned not so much by the number of miles between Mansion and Mansion as by the number of the Mansions themselves which we learn by this old Inscription Martina chara conjux quae venit de Gallia per Mansiones L. Ut commemoraret memoriam mariti sui Bene qu'eseas duleissime mi Marite They called them also Stationes The Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eustathius interprets by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which word the Greek Lawyers and later Historians do constantly render the Latine Mansio which contained in it usually some three or four Mutations although the ancient Hierosolymitane Itinerary hath not most and end for every Mansion above two Mutationes by which word the Writers after Constantines age signified as well the Post-horses themselves as the set places where they were kept and provided for the use of the Empire I may add here likewise that in the same age Itinerarium signified the charge given in token the Army was presently to march Itinerarium sonare l●…tuos jubet being in Ammianus l. 24. just as much as is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Pollux But to have spoken so much concerning Itineraries and Mansions by way of Preface to the whole will be thought sufficient if not more then enough BRITANNIARUM Britanniarum here in the plural number is not so to be understood as if thereby were meant all those British Islands which by one general name were called Britanniae according to that of Pliny Albion ipsi nomen fuit cùm Britanniae vocarentur omnes But by an Archivism or antick manner of speaking we must take it for the greatest among them containing in it at this day England Wales and Scotland and named as he saies to difference it from the others Albion that by Aristotle or Theophrastus or who ever was the Author of that Book Of the World Apul●…ius the Translator thereof Marcianus Heracleota and Eustathius following Ptolomie in his Geography for in his Mathematicall or Great Syntaxis which the Arabians call the Almagest it is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Great Britain to distinguish it from Ireland which there also he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 if at least the same Ptolemie be Author of both works which I see some have questioned but certainly without cause as Sir H. Savile thought There are examples enough for this manner of speaking to be found both in later and more ancient Writers but the names of Provinces were especially so expressed as well in Prose as Poets In Propertius Dic alias iterum navigat Illyrias Let him once more other Illyria's find Solinus of the best Edition Graecias cogitamus And the Grecians themselves seem to have used it to confirme which as Homer H' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And this Verse of Euripides is urged also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Ilanders and Europe afar of For certainly he means Europe which not onely in Holy Writ is described by the Isles of the Gentiles but in Plutarch also the Inhabitants there are called Insulares or Ilanders As for Britain in particular these places out of the learned Catullus may be sufficient Hunc Galliae timent timent Britanniae Let him the Gauls fear and the Britains too And again Mavult quam Syrias Britanniasque Rather then th' Syrians or the British Stem Neither may we possibly imagine that by this Plurall expression any division of Britain into smaller Provinces is meant in this place such as that Quadripartite in Sextus or rather Festus Rusus Camden in naming but three out him was deceived by a false Copy into Maxima Caesariensis Flavia Caesariensis Britannia prima and Britannia secunda of which division they make Constantine the Author Or into five Provinces afterward by Valentinian adding Valentia in honour of his Brother Valens namely Britannia I. Britannia II. Maxima Caesariensis Flavia Caesariensis For both these you see were of later time Neither may we understand that partion of it which we find in Dion Cassius into the Higher or neerer part of the Province and Lower or more remote and Northern called Britanniae pars interior in Caesars language except any one have a mind to read interior in that place which would not indeed so well answer to maritima by which he distinguishes the neerer part and known to the Romans but would better agree with Dio's expression according to whose division we read in Herodian also that Severus distributed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The administration of government in the Nation into two President-ships But least of all may we imagine that division which the Britain History onely is Author of into Lhoegria Cambria and Albania although Cambria seems to Ponticus Vi●…ius to be well known to the Romans as mentioned by Juvenal in this Verse of his VII Satyr Occidit miseros Cambre repetita magistros Cambre did butcher her returned Lords But whether for this conjecture among others he may deserve the Title of eruditissimus both in Greek Latin literature from the Learned Gosner's hand I leave our Friends of Wales to be Judges And for the division of Britain in former time I shall have occasion elsewhere to discourse more at large If in the mean while any one shall be desirous to know more exactly the Chorography thereof about the time that this Itinerary was written if that be true which Ierom Surita a learned Spaniard goes about to perswade us namely that it was published by the command of