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A05312 An herbal for the Bible Containing a plaine and familiar exposition of such similitudes, parables, and metaphors, both in the olde Testament and the newe, as are borrowed and taken from herbs, plants, trees, fruits and simples, by obseruation of their vertues, qualities, natures, properties, operations, and effects: and by the holie prophets, sacred writers, Christ himselfe, and his blessed Apostles vsually alledged, and into their heauenly oracles, for the better beautifieng and plainer opening of the same, profitably inserted. Drawen into English by Thomas Newton.; Herbarum atque arborum quæ in Bibliis passim obviæ sunt. English Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607. 1587 (1587) STC 15454; ESTC S108475 134,297 304

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confederacie conspiring against Moses and Aaron and presuming to intermeddle in cases of diuine ministration without any commandement or calling of God were swallowed downe quicke into the earth that claue asunder and opened and that of the common multitude 14700. were destroied with the plague God commanded Moses to take twelue rods according to the number of their princes with euerie ones name written vpon his rod among the which there was Aarons rod being of the tribe of Leui. And Moses laid the rods before the Lord in the Tabernacle of the Testimonie And when Moses on the next day went into the Tabernacle of the Testimonie he found the rod of Aaron for the house of Leui to be budded and to beare ripe Almonds And Moses brought foorth all the rods from before the Lord vnto all the children of Israell and they looked vpon them and tooke euery man his rod. But Aarons rod was brought againe into the Tabernacle to be kept for a token of the late rebellion which mutinie and murmuring being quieted the rude multitude might euer afterward by beholding that rod take warning how they rebelled any more against God and his Ministers This historie yeeldeth a notable lesson to all persons in generall namely that no man vsurpe any office or intrude himselfe into any function vnlesse he be thereunto called by God or by the assent and appointment of such which haue authority from the spirit of God to deale therein As the Apostle to the Hebrewes witnesseth saieng that Christ tooke not this honour vnto himselfe to be made the high Priest but had the same giuen him by his heauenly father who appointed him a Priest for euer after the order of Melchisedech To whomsoeuer therefore this rod that is the cure and charge of gouerning and teaching the flocke of Christ by the preaching of the Gospell is appointed let him cheerfully follow his vocation and couragiously execute his function And as Aarons rod being afore withered and drie by diuine vertue became greene againe budded and brought forth good and wholesome fruit so likewise it is meete that such as be called to the office of the Ministerie in the Church of God should shew foorth the fruits of vertue and good works in themselues and by wholesome doctrine also instruct others vnder their charge to do the like and to shew foorth their sound and liuely faith by good and Christian actions And this did Christ earnestly require and vehemently inculke in his thrise asking of Peter whether he loued him and in inioining him to diligent feeding of the flocke Furthermore me thinkes the Almond may very aptly and conueniently serue for a Symbole or Cognizance of a Christian mans life wherein as afore hath beene said of the Walnut be interchangeably mingled sower with sweete rough with smooth hard with soft affliction with welfare and aduerse hap with prosperous state For by the wooddish and hard shell of the Almond are signified aduersities troubles miseries afflictions discommodities and missehaps Againe by the sweete and pleasant kernell may be meant prosperitie comfort ioy delectation release and mitigation of greeues sorrowes and all calamities The 49. Chapter Of the Plane tree and the nature thereof THe Plane is a forraine strange tree brought out of Asia hither into Europe for the goodlie shade that it giueth as appeereth in Pliny who writeth that it was found growing as far as Turwaine in France which was sometime the furthest bounds and limits of the Romaine Empire It spreadeth his branches and boughes very broade and wide his rinde is thicke and his leaues large much like in shape to the Vine or of that Plant which for the resemblance that it hath to an hand stretched out spred open is called Palma Christi and of some Cataputia maior the seede whereof hath a purging qualitie But the Plane tree leaues be not altogither so bigge and large as the leaues of this Palma Christi are and doe hang by long reddish stemmes The flowers be small pale and grow in small tuffets The fruit or berries be round rough and somwhat downish or woollie This tree by reason of his great large and broade branches stretching out themselues euery way most pleasantly is very fit and commodious to make coole arbours shadowy boothes to sit vnder in hot seasons Some are of opinion that bicause the Tilia or Linden tree serueth for the same purpose therefore to be the same that the Plane tree is And some thinke no lesse of the Beech for that Virgil giueth commendation of it for the like vse and purpose saieng Vnder the shade of broade beech tree Thou Tityrus tak'st thine ease Recording in fine Oaten pype Old clownish countrey Laies But doubtlesse they be much deceiued sithence in leaues there is no maner of resemblance or affinitie betweene them and the Plane Those trees indeed defend the Sun beames and yeeld very braue and recreatiue arbours to sit vnder as the Plane tree doth but there is not that beauty proportion forme and sise in their leaues neither such delightsome smell and comfortable sent Moreouer the Plane tree hath such vertue that no venemous thing will come neere it neither will any serpentes approch where it is yea it is so loath some and dreadfull to Flitter Mice and Backs that they dare neither build their nests vnder it neither can abide the shadow of it Holie and sacred writers therefore vse this same tree in their diuine writings and heauenly narrations and take from it pithy and elegant Similitudes As namely where Wisedome extolling dignifieng aduauncing and commending hir selfe vsing for the same many proper tearmes encomiasticall and reckoning vp sundry excellent and precious trees prooueth thereby hir selfe to be fullie furnished and richly adourned with all maner of vertues For she confesseth hir selfe to flourish fructifie and spread foorth hir beautifull branches as the goodly Plane tree that groweth by the water side For this tree greatly loueth moisture and is of nature so dry that it requireth watering yea wee doe reade in Macrobius how Hortensius for the loue that he bare vnto this tree did vse to bedew and water it with wine thereby to make it continue the longer and to shew the beautifuller And as the Plane spreadeth his boughes and braunches so wide and giueth such pleasant shadowe that Xerxes the king of Persia tooke singular delight to sit vnder it whole daies togither so likewise Wisedome comming out of the mouth of the most High with heauenlie comfort protecteth shadoweth recreateth defendeth all those that commit themselues vnder the shadowe thereof from all harme and danger And so did Dauid pray saieng Keepe me O Lord as the apple of the eie hide 〈◊〉 vnder the shadow of thy winges And likewise Ieremie The breath of our nosethrils the annointed of the Lord was taken in their nets of whom we said Vnder his shadow we shall be preserued aliue among the Heathen that is
inhabite the parched places in a salt hungrie and fruitlesse soyle But blessed be the man that trusteth in the Lord and putteth all his trust and confidence in him For he shall be as a Tree that is planted by the ryuer and shall not feele when the heate commeth but hir leafe shall be greene and shall not care for the time of drought neither shall cease from yeelding fruite By these and such like Metaphors is the stedfast trust that ought to be wholie put in God commended and set foorth signifieng that our hart minde hope and cogitations ought not to depend on any other not to be directed to any other than to him alone from whom all goodnesse floweth and who is most bountifull willing and ready to giue all manner of good things vnto men truly calling vppon him in most large and ample foison Heerupon it was that Dauid relying vpon God and staieng himselfe vnder his gouernance and protection rather than vpon any vaine transitorie and momentanie things of the world contrarie to the guise custome and maner of the wicked saith thus I shal be like a greene Oliue tree in the house of God for I trust in the mercies of God for euer Again where he describeth and setteth out the blessednes and plentie that shal light vpon the man that is not idle but feareth the Lord and walketh in his commandements and the fruitfulnes that shall be giuen to his wife he saith Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord and walketh in his waies he shall eate the labours of his hands all things shal go wel with him His wife shal be as the fruitfull Vine on the sides of his house His children as the Oliue branches round about his table Lo thus shal the man be blessed that feareth the Lord. Likewise in the prophesie of Ieremiah God calleth the people that he taketh singular delight in A greene Oliue tree a faire and of goodlie fruit which is as though he should say the name of it is vnto him pleasant gracious and amiable With the same agreeth also the Prophet Hosea who with the same Spirite and out of the same fountaine wrate his Prophesies The beautie of Israel saith he shall be as the Oliue tree and his smell as Lebanon Whereby he signifieth that all they which assuredly and vndoubtedly cleaue vnto God and obediently walke in his precepts shal stand highly in his fauor and grace and be vnto him both pleasant and acceptable For as a sweet smel and fragrant odor reuiueth the spirits and refresheth the senses so doth the smell of a man that imbraceth the wholesome doctrine of God and dutifully conformeth himselfe to his diuine will delight recreate refresh and please him And that chosen vessell S. Paule shewing how gracious and fauourable they stand before God which sincerely aduance his glorious Gospell and faithfully instruct others in the same saith that We are vnto God the sweete sauour of Christ in euery place And the Patriarke Isaac The smell of my Sonne is as the smell of a pleasant field which the Lord hath blessed Finally in the Canticle or Song of Solemon the Bride being the Church speaking of Christ hir Spouse saith Bicause of the sauour of thine ointments we will run after thee c. that is to say we will endeuour and studie the best that we can or are able euery one of vs in his calling that we may be fed and refreshed with his wholsome doctrine which cheereth the feeble and recreateth the wearie none otherwise than a sweet and pleasant smel delighteth the senses of those that swoune or fall downe for debilitie and weakenesse of their vitall spirits The sixt Chapter Of the prickly Bush or thornie Shrub called Rhamnus and of some Christs Thorne THis thorne Rhamnus is a kinde of Shrub or Bush that is on euerie side beset and encompassed with many sharp prickles short stubbed thorns out of the which there groweth clusterwise by small and slender stems the fruit or berries in great number and quantitie of an yellowish colour round forme as big as a Mirtle or Iuniper and of taste most sharpe sower tart and eigre If a man be not warie and heedfull in the handeling wherof he may quickly wound his hand with the sharpe prickles that grow therupon The berries which are sobbie and watrish being bitten with the teeth tasted with the toong or crushed and bruised with the fingers 〈◊〉 tanne and die the same with a yellowish or saffron colour Of this Thorne there be three kindes among the which this kinde that we not speake of groweth in great abundance in the grauelly soile and bushie grounds of Zeland In which countrie all along by the sandie soile of the Sea coast there are growing many and sundry sorts of these and such like shrubs shootes and thornie prickled bushes as namely this Rhamnus Bremble brier Sea Purcelaine Furze or Gorse Holme or Huluer Teasels Cardthistles Seaholly Camock Restharrowe and petie Whin beside many others Bellonius a learned man who for the increase of his knowledge trauelled through the land of Iurie and Syria holdeth opinion that the thornie Crowne wherewith the Iewes crowned our Sauiour Christ was of this Rhamnus whereunto he is persuaded for that in those Countries there is none other sort of thorne growing From this thornie Bush or prickly shrub doth the princely Prophet Dauid take a most excellent and fit Similitude against the hawtie pride presumptuous tyrannie factions mutinie and intollerable crueltie of bloodie Caitifs and treacherous wretches that maliciously lie in wait to surprize the innocent and supplant the godlie whose wicked practises and vndermining drifts shall notwithstanding be frustrated and defeated and all their spitefull imaginations adnihilated As raw flesh saith he beforc your pots feele the fire of Thornes so let them be snatched vp That is they shall misse of their purpose and quaile in their conceiued mischiefe their deuises shall be dashed ere they be throughly hatched euen as yoong thornes which shall be plucked vp and weeded out afore they euer come to full ripenesse or to haue any hard prickly nature bicause the Lord as it were with a tempest will destroy them and carrie them away as with a whirlewind in his wrath bring downe their high lookes and mischieuous platforms By which words he signifieth and meaneth that although they practise neuer so many sleights policies deuises deceits frauds quarrels massacres murders spoiles and desolations yet shall they come short of their desire and not be able to bring to passe their conceiued mischiefes but shall be nipped as it were in the bud before they can attaine to any ripenesse or strength to worke their malice Vnder which words there be couertly also included this further meaning that such wicked persons practising tyrannie and oppression towards the seely inferiour people shall be violently taken out of this life euen as flesh is taken out of the pot
people Beholde saith hee I will feede this people with Woormewood and will giue them the water of gall to drinke and I will scatter them among the heathen whom neither they nor their fathers haue knowen and I will sende a sworde after them till I haue consumed them Againe speaking to the lieng and dissembling Prophets which abuse the worde of God and corrupt it with their adle gloses Behold saith he I will feede them with Woormewood and make them drinke the water of Gall for from the Prophets of Ierusalem is wickednes gone foorth into all the land The Prophet Amos also sharpely inueighing against false Prophets that delighted more to flatter the Princes and people with plausible and pleasing tearmes than to prophecie the sincere word of truth and which defiled the right worship and sound religion of God with their vaine phantasticall superstitious and peeuish expositions keeping the heads and rulers in ignorance blinde folding them in errors to whom it cheefely belonged to seeke equitie and administer iustice saith that they turned iudgement into Woormewood and left off righteousnes in the earth that is they digresse and turne away from equitie neither do they faithfully execute the office and dutie of vpright Iudges which is a most bitter and heauie case to a poore distressed innocent man desiring in his rightfull cause to bee deliuered from wrong and oppression In many places doth Isaiah sharpelie reprooue and pronounce greeuous woes vnto such Iudges as call euill good and good euill which put darknes for light and light for darknes and which put bitter for sweet and sweet for sower And in another place he also denounceth seuere sentence against those that take rewardes to oppresse the innocent and to defeate the right of the widow and fatherlesse whose cause they ought to defend and speedilie to see them restored to their lawfull right Thus therefore doth he thunder against such wicked Lawmakers Wo vnto them that decree wicked decrees and write greeuous things to keepe backe the poore from iudgement and to take away the iudgement of the poore of my people that widowes may be their pray and that they may spoile the fatherlesse No lesse terribly doth the Lord by his Prophet Ieremie reprooue such vnconscionable Creatures saieng There are found among my people wicked persons that lay wait as he that setteth snares they haue made a pit to catch men As a cage is full of birds so are their houses full of deceit thereby are they become great and waxen rich they execute no iudgement no not the iudgement of the fatherlesse c. Generally wheresoeuer there is any mention in the Scriptures made of Wormwood it signifieth greeuous calamitie and bitter torment of mind So in that lamentable destruction of Ierusalem the Prophet Ieremiah in the person of his Countrie men and fellow citizens complaineth that He was incompassed with gall filled with bitternesse and made droonken with Woormewood Whereby is meant that the miserie griefe desolation and anguish was so great that nothing coulde be more added therevnto Like vnto this is that complaint of Dauid being dangerously circumuented and maliciously pursued by his enimies where hee powreth out his praiers and requests vnto God saieng O God thou hast cast vs out thou hast scattered vs thou hast beene angrie turne againe vnto vs. Thou hast made the Land to tremble and hast made it to gape thou hast shewed thy people heauie things thou hast made vs to drinke the Wine of compunction and giddines As though he should say Thou hast set such sights before our eies whereby we are nothing at 〈◊〉 cheered but rather discomforted thro●● into sorrow and heauines into griefe pe●siuenes and horror of death euen as they that haue droonke some deadlie poison whereby their vitall parts be incurably infected benummed and stupefied The verie same Metaphor is vsed by the Prophets Isaiah Ieremiah and Ezechiel describing the cup of the Lords wrath whereof as wel the Kings and Princes as the subiects Commons haue droonken and wherby they were carried into such outrage madnes and astonishment that they were euen brought to their wits end and knew not what to do nor which way to turne themselues In no better case shall he be that keepeth companie with whoores and harlots and suffereth himselfe to be insnared and intrapped with their flatteries allurements prouocations and suttleties Which thing Solomon wel knew therfore diligently aduiseth and earnestly warneth a yong man whose age for want of experience is slipperie and vnskilful to disacquaint and estrange himselfe from the companie of wicked women and not to suffer himselfe at any hand to be inchanted with their flattering lures and glosing entisements For the lips of an harlot saith he drop as an honie combe that is hir words be fawning and sweete and hir mouth and throte finer and smoother than oile but the end of hir is bitter as Woormewood and sharpe as a two edged sword For all that she doth is suttle fraudulent and dissembled and the whole drift of hir cunning shifts is onelie to rob spoile and vndoe thee Finally vnder the name of Gal and Woormwood is generally vnderstood heauie noisom hurtfull bitter cruell and lamentable dealings as beside the aboue rehearsed examples is signified also in the Reuelation Where it is read how that the Angell blowing the Trumpet there fell a great Starre from heauen burning like a Torch whereby is meant the wrath of God enkindled against the wicked and the name of the Starre was called Woormewood and it fell into the third part of the riuers and into the fountaines of waters wherefore the third part of the waters became Woormwood and many men died of the waters bicause they were made bitter Now as the coniunctions and aspects of Planets and constellations doe somtime betoken and portend slaughter death decaie harme and danger both to men beasts corne graine and fruits so was this Starre thus falling harmfull vnto mankinde signifieng the wrath and vengeance of God to hang flamingly ouer the heads of all those that be wicked and impenitent The 18. Chapter Of Thistles Thornes Bushes Briers Brembles and Burres how in the Scriptures they be commonly applied and what they signifie THystles Briers Brembles and weeds which grow out of the groūd of themselues without planting or Husbanding yeelde in a manner no kinde of commodity for the vse of man but rather detriment and annoyance both to man by their prickles and to graine by their ill companie and neighborhood Therefore when as God inioined penance miserie and toile to Adam for his transgression he saide Cursed is the earth for thy sake in sorrow shalt thou eate of it all the daies of thy life in the sweate of thy face shalt thou eate thy breade Thornes and thistles shall it bring foorth to thee and thou shalt eate the herbe of the field Likewise the Lord being wroth with the Israelites
ministerie we necessarily vse in exploiting our busines become trembling shaking vnable and vnfit for any handy labors Then do stitches and coughes growe vppon vs and shortnes of breath en●●mber vs. Then do the legs and feet which as bases and maine pillers vnderprop and beare vp the waight of the whole body shrinke and double vnder vs that we be not able to go without the stay of ā staffe Then are the teeth which grinde breake and by helpe of the iawes champe minse bruise and shred our meat and nourishment either blunted and dulled or else loosed and fallen out Then doth sight faile and the eies which looke out of their holes as it were out at two windowes become pooreblinde and through weakenes of the muscles and lids do see verie little and as it were through a cloude scarcely able to discerne who they meet in the street Then is the throat scarcely and with much ado able to swallow down any foode by reason of the drines that is in the meate pipe whereby the nourishment can not conueniently be sent and conueied into the stomacke Then is sleepe very little and short by reason of the drines of the braine insomuch that a man or woman in that age is easily awaked euen with the chirping of a birde Then is the voice squekish and whining through drines exasperating the vocal Arterie and is vtterly vnfit to sing Then is he ready to startle and feare at euery wagging of a leafe fearing as it were least some thing shoulde fall on him insomuch that many times walking alone in the streetes he looketh backe for feare of danger Then doth the Almond tree flourish that is the head is then hoary and white and may a great way of be perceiued espied euen as the Almond tree beareth white flowers and blossomes in the top which may be seene and discerned a great way of Then will the voice be small childish weake buzzing and vnperfect Then will euery light thing seeme heauy insomuch that the smallest burthen will be enough to loade and surcharge him Then will appetite to meate which commonly is irrited and prouoked with capers be taken away and al lust desire and concupiscence of carnall things quite abolished These and other discommodities doth Solomon reck on vp and shew to be naturally incident vnto man when he is once old and laden with yeeres And therfore laieng them downe before all mens eies and considerations hee willeth them to call themselues home to reine and qualifie their affections and in their greene and fresh yeeres to think vpon God and according to his worde to direct their liues manners and behauiours Before the siluer coarde be lengthened whereby he signifieth the sinewes and the marrow of the backe bone which being deriued from the substance of the braine and of a bright siluer colour as it is also to be perceiued and seene in brute Beastes beginneth is stretched from the hinder part of the head by 34. Spondyles of the backe vnto the fundement This backbone whereunto are tied the ribs is resembled to the keele of a ship whereinto are peeced the rest of the maine timber And as the strongest plankes of the whole ship are fastened vnto the keele so doth the strength of mans bodie consist in the pith and marrow of his backe bone so that as Solomon aptly heere saith if this siluer lace or coarde be wasted despoiled broken or dissolued it is an euident token and certaine signe of death not far off Going forward in this his figuratiue kind of speech he further saith Before the golden caule shrinke or bee broken meaning therby the Hart which is the fountaine and velspring of life and from whom the arteries as the veines from the liuer are issued the which do conuey the vital spirits and blood and cherish comfort moisten and releeue ech of the members By The Pitcher broken at the Well may be vnderstoode the reines bladder and conduites of vrine which in old men commonly be so much decaied that they doe weakely and slenderly execute their appointed functions whereby also death is hastened It followeth and Before the wheele be broken at the cesterne meaning thereby the Head which in men drawing neere to death inclineth and falleth downe vpon the shoulders For the head is round turning and moouing ech way like a rowling wheele nowe on the right side now on the left now vpward now downeward from whom the animall spirits taking their beginning are diffused and distributed through the whole body and giue both motion and sense to the sinewes The head thereof I say first of all commonly drowpeth shrinketh and hangeth downe as may appeere by the eies which first of all others die or at least shew plaine tokens of imminent death carrieng with it for companie all the members to apparant ruine and ouerthroweth the state of the whole bodie euen as a charriot wagonne or cart cannot but fall when the Axletree is broken This to bee Solomons meaning the wordes following plainely shewe For then saith he Shall dust turne againe to the earth from whence it was taken and the spirite returne to God that gaue it But to returne to the Almond tree The Patriarch Iacob who afterward of wrestling and preuailing with God was called Israel being vnkindly vnconscionably and churlishly dealt withall at the hands of his father in law Laban vsed a maruellous policie not with any intent of fraude or deceit as at the first shew some may thinke but vpon the warrant and appointment of almighty God so commanding it that he might thereby recouer his due wages and hire which that couetous carle miserablie denied him The way whereby he compassed and brought the same to passe was physicall and in this sort did he it He tooke rods of Almond popular hasel and chestnut trees and pilled white strakes in them and put the rods so pilled in the gutters and watering troughes when the sheepe came to drinke that being in heat in ramming time they might the sooner conceiue For by a certaine hidden and secret force in nature all creatures yea women also earnestly fixing their imagination at the time of conception in the formes shapes representations of things obiect to their eies and senses imprint the same in their yoong which they bring foorth And so in this case of Iacob the sheepe beholding the same speckled pilled rods brought foorth by Gods appointment speckled and partie coloured lambes whereby Iacob had to his share such reasonable number as was proportionable and agreeable to his paines and labour sustained But there is in the holie Bible a notable and miraculous thing set downe of Aarons rod which brought foorth buds and bare blossoms and Almonds Whereby the Lord gaue the stubborne and rebellious people plainly to vnderstand whom he would haue to minister about holie things and to execute the Priests office For after that Corah Dathan and Abiram togither with other Captaines of their