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A56366 I. The time when the first Sabbath was ordained ... II. The manner how the first Sabbath was ordained ... Part II, III. A treatise of holy time concerning the true limits of the Lords day ... / by William Pynchon. Pynchon, William, 1590-1662.; Pynchon, William, 1590-1662. Holy time, or, The true limits of the Lords day. 1654 (1654) Wing P4313; ESTC R27470 236,938 328

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that act command man to sanctifie such persons to the Lord Every first-born of the Sons of Israel saith the Lord are mine both of Man and Beast for in the day that I smote every first-born in the Land of Egypt I sanctified them unto me Numb 8. 17. that is I commanded my people to sanctifie them to my service which they did perform First By setting apart some of the clean kind for Sacrifice And secondly by redeeming the rest with money which money God commanded to be imployed to his service either by buying some Sacrifices of Attonement therewith for the publick or else it must be for the repairing of Gods Sanctuary as Exod. 13. doth explain it 2 When God did sanctifie the Temple for the publick place of his Typical worship 2 Chr. 7. 16. 2 Chr. 30. 8. he did thereby command man to sanctifie it by performing every particular just as he commanded Solomon might not build the Temple after the fashion that he thought best but he must do it in all particulars as God commanded 1 King 9. 3. God did not leave any sanctified thing that did any way appertain either to the service of the Tabernacle or of the Temple neither to Moses discretion nor to Solomons wisdome but when God sanctified these places for his worship he commanded how and after what manner Heb 9. 19. 21. every thing should be done Ex. 25. 8 9 10. Exod. 39 42 43. Heb. 9. 19 21. 3 When God sanct●fied Cities of Refuge he did thereby command his people to sanct●fie them it is said that they sanctified Kedesh in Galilee for a place of refuge Jos 20. 7. they did sanctifie it because God had commanded them to sanctifie it Deut. 19. 2. they might not sanctifie any City but by vertue of Gods command as it is expressed in Num. 35. 6 11. 4 When God sanctified Festival dayes or Festival Sabbaths he did thereby command the Sons of Israel to sanctifie them Lev. 23. and Jeroboam is branded as a wicked opposer of Gods sanctified Sabbaths because he commanded a standing Holy-day to the Lord of his own head 1 King 12. 32 33. From these and such like examples it follows that when God sanctified the seventh day he commanded Adam and Eve to sanctifie the seventh day in the use of such Ordinances as he was pleased to blesse the seventh day withall Jesus Christ did not leave the sanctifying of the seventh day to Adams discretion in an arbitrary way how much time he would set apart for Gods service but by sanctifying the seventh day God commanded Adam to set apart the whole day for his service in such publick and private duties he had blessed the Sabbath withall 2 The word Sanctified implies another command to faln When God sanctified the seventh day he did thereby command Adam to prepare himself for the better sanctifying of the seventh day Joel 2. 15. Adam namely to prepare himself to the sanctification of the Sabbath First By an outward And secondly By an inward preparation Sanctifie a Fast call a solemn Assembly Joel 1. 14. that is to say Prepare your selves to meet me in a day of publick Fasting as it is explained in Joel 2. 15. Blow the Trumpet in Zion Sanctifie a Fast Call a solemn Assembly that is to say Warn the people by a Trumpet to prepare themselves to sanctifie a Fast Joels three terms in vers 5. are all Synonima and do all imply that Gods people must prepare themselves for a day of Fasting First Outwardly by sanctifying or washing their bodies and garments And secondly Inwardly by true humiliation of soul and in this sense also God commanded Joshua to sanctifie the people against they came into his presence on the morrow Jos 7. 13. Now all that Joshua did to sanctifie the people was no more but to warn them by a Proclamation through the Camp which usually was attended with the sound of a Trumpet saying Sanctifie your selves it is as much as if he had said God hath commanded you to sanctifie your selves First Outwardly by washing And secondly by inward repentance against you come into his presence on the morrow So when God commanded Moses to sanctifie the people to hear the Law delivered at Mount Sinai Moses did no otherwise sanctifie them but by commanding the people to prepare themselves in a sanctifi●d manner First By inward fear and reverence And secondly by outward washing and by abstinence from their wives two dayes together for their more reverent attention of Gods Law Exod. 19. 10. Jos 3. 5. Exod. 3. 5. 1 Sam. 16. 5. Num. 11. 18. Exod. 19. 10. Jer 6 4. So in like sort when God said Sanctifie War it is a command to prepare for War Jer. 6. 4. Jer. 51. 28. From these and such like instances it follows That when God sanctified the first seventh day he commanded Adam and Eve for the more solemnity to prepare themselves for the sanctifying of the seventh day God having made a promise to them in the end of the sixth day that the Seed of the Woman should break the head of the Serpent he sanctified the next day for a Sabbath of rest because he had blessed it with Ordinances and thereby he did command Adam and Eve to prepare themselves against they came into his holy presence on the morrow for sin had defiled them and therefore they needed to prepare themselves not onely by outward washing but also inwardly by true repentance Act. 22. 16. 1 Pet. 3. 15. Es 29. 23. or else instead of receiving good by that blessing wherewith God had blessed the seventh day they might expect a curse at least an outward curse upon their bodies as it fell out upon Aarons Sons when they did not sanctifie the Lord in his worship according to his command the Lord struck them with present death saying I will be sanctified in all that come neer me Lev. 10. 3. and when some of Ephraim and Manasses did come to the sanctified Passeover in the dayes of Hezekiah God was displeased with them because they had not prepared themselves thereto according to the sanctified or commanded preparation of the Sanctuary but Hezekiah prayed for them and the Lord heard him and healed the people 2 Chr. 30 18 19 20. 2 I will speak a little more of the word Sanctified as it implies a command to fallen man to prepare himself to sanctify the seventh day for all sanctified things must be remembred by way of preparation before hand that so they may be done in due time and order or else God that is jealous of his sanctified things will be displeased And therefore one Reason why the word Remember was after added to the fourth Commadement was not to adde a new sense to that Command more than it had to Adam under the word Sanctified but to increase the charge of preparation with more vehemency which at the first was couched under the word Sanctified for now the people of God had forgotten the
to the Churches of Achaia Galatia Phrigia and Macedonia and doubtlesse as these parts of the world so many others did know that Christ Jesus had ordained the first day of the week for his publick worship in the place of the seventh day And truly John might well call it the Lords day in a double respect 1 In relation to the day of his Resurrection because in it he arose from the dead as the Lord and Conqueror of Satans Head-plot Rom. 14. 9. ● Because He as the Lord of his Church and as the Lord of the Sabbath did ordain this day to be the day of his Publick Worship in the place of the seventh day to the end of the world And in both these senses David might well say This is the day which the Lord hath made let us be glad and rejoyce in it Psal 118. 24. Psal 118. 24. The Builders the Scribes and the Pharisees put Christ to death as an out cast Malefactor But thi● stone which the Builders refused is become the head of the corner for by his Resurrection he is become the Lord and Conqueror of Satans Head-plot Now this is the day that the Lord hath made let us be glad and rejoyce in it Compare with this Psalm our Saviours Exposition in Mat. 21. 3 Why should not the title of the Lords day be as good an evidence that Christ was the Institutor of it in the place of the seventh day as the title of the Lords Supper is That Christ was the Institutor of it in the place of the Passeover A seventh Reason that doth perswade me that Christ himself Reason 7 hath ordained his Resurrection-day in the place of the seventh day is because God had determined beforehand as it appears by the Predictions of the Old Testament that he would in the dayes of the Gospel sanctifie some standing day for his publick worship in the place of the seventh day 1 It was Prophesied that in the dayes of Christ his people should come willingly at the time of assembling in holy beauty Psal 110. 3. I think none will deny these words to be uttered as a Psal 110. 3. plain Prophecie that the Christians of the New Testament must observe a certain day for the exercise of Gods publick worship in the place of the seventh day and of all their other Sabbaths 2 God calleth the worship of the New Testament by the name of the Sabbath Es 56. 2 4 6. implying thereby that we Christians shall not onely have a certain form of outward worship Es 56. 2. 4. 6. according to the second Commandement but also that we shall have a certain known day for the exercise of the said worship according to the fourth Commandement 3 It is Prophesied that Christians shall have more Sacrifices in their Sabbath than the Jews had under Moses Law Ezek. 46. 4 5. Ezek. 46. 4 5. compared with Numb 29. 9 10. This mystical speech doth imply First that Christians shall observe a certain form of publick worship And secondly that they shall observe a certain day for the exercise of that publick worship And truly it argues to me that God hath given over such men to a senselesse mind that though they are forced to grant that Christ hath ordained a certain form of publick worship yet do deny that Christ hath ordained a certain day for the exercise of that publick worship I cannot see how they can be separated without apparent hazard of barbarous confusion to Gods publick worship 4 It is Prophesied that the peoples shall be gathered together and the Kingdomes to serve the Lord Psal 102. 22. And that from month to month and from Sabbath to Sabbath all flesh shall come to worship before me saith the Lord Es 66. 23. Es 66. 23. These Scriptures do plainly teach us these two Doctrines 1 The utter abrogating of all Moses typical worship in the dayes of Christ because it is not possible for all Peoples and Nations to come to Jerusalem from month to month and from Sabbath to Sabbath to worship before the Lord there 2 These words imply that the Christians of the New Testament shall be very active in Gods worship and in the observing of some known publick day for the exercise thereof An eighth Reason that doth much perswade me that Christ hath ordained his Resurrection-day for the day of his publick worship Reason 8 in the place of the seventh day is taken from the Mystical number Eight for the day of Christs Resurrection in a continued reckoning of dayes is the Eighth day For he rested all the seventh day in his Grave and the next day being the Eighth day in order of dayes he arose as an absolute Conqueror and the Mystical number of Eight is a day of perfection in the Law and therefore a fit type of the perfection of Christ by his Resurrection on the Eighth day 1 No creature by the Levitical Law was allowable for sacrifice Reason 1 untill it was eight dayes old Lev. 22. 27. Exod. 22. 30. Lev. 22. 27. Exod. 22. 30. I cannot but wonder why the Lord did refuse it a● seven dayes old seeing the seventh day was the day of Gods perfect rest from all his works for then he rested in Christ that had made all perfect again after Adams fall by his Propitiatory Sacrifice of Attonement But when I consider again that his Propitiatory Sacrifice was not evident to be perfect untill he rose again from the dead as the Lord and alone Conqueror of Satans Head-plot on the first day of the week which day is also called the Eighth day by John Joh. 20. 26. Joh. 20. 26. I say by this consideration my wondring is staid and I do rather wonder at Gods wise Providence that would not accept any young beast as a perfect beast for Sacrifice untill the eighth day doubtlesse it was in relation to the manifestation of the perfection of Christ his Sacrifice by his Resurrection on the eighth day For though the number seven be a perfect number in some respects yet in other respects the number eight is a more perfect number The Youngling must continue under the Dam seven dayes during which space of time the Hebrew Doctors did call it Lacking Time because in that space it was not perfect for Sacrifice Although the Sabbath had passed over the head of it But on the eighth day it was accounted perfect and then and not till then it was accepted in Sacrifice Therefore in the case of Sacrifices of Attonement the number seven was not so perfect as the number eighth And what can this degree of perfection on the eighth day resemble fitter than the manifestation of the perfection of Christs propitiatory Sacrifice by his Resurrection on the eighth day And truly if he had not risen from death to life the next day after the seventh day his Sacrifice of Attonement by his death had been lost and vain 1 Cor. 15. 17. And answerable to the
going down of the Sun in Deut. 16. 6. must not be understood of the very time of Sun-set but of the whole time of the Suns declining from Mid-day till it went down out of that Horizon Object 3. Though the Jews might not kill their Passeovers in Canaan in their private houses as they did in Egypt yet they might kill them at more Altars than one for the Lord was pleased to allow several Altars for Sacrifices in several places and by this means all the Passeovers in Canaan might be killed and the blood sprinkled just about the time of Sun-set Ans I grant that the Lord was pleased to permit the use of many Altars and High-places in the dayes of Samuel for there The Lord permitted many private Altars in the dayes of Samuel but he allowed but one publick Altar for the general Feasts of the twelve Tribes and for the Passeover day and for the daily Morning and Evening Sac●ifice was an Altar at Gilgal 1 Sam. 10. 8. 1 Sam. 11. 15. Secondly There was an Altar at Betbel 1 Sam. 10. 3. 5. Thirdly At Mizpeh 1 Sam. 7. 9. Judg. 21. 1 4. Fourthly At Ramab 1 Sam. 7. 17. and there were several Altars also in the dayes of Elijah for he complained to God that Jezabel had broken down his Altars But notwithstanding all this no Passeover might be killed at any of these Altars for the Passeover in Canaan was commanded to be observed as a general Feast but these Altars were private Altars onely raised by Gods allowance by some particular person upon some special occasion and were after permited to be used by some adjacent Tribe or persons and in that respect these Altars were made but of earth or stone that was unhewn But the Altar that God commanded to be erected as the general publick Altar of all the twelve Tribes was made of brasse at the cost of the twelve Tribes and this was placed at first in the Lords Tabernacle in the Wildernesse afterwards this Tabernacle together with the brazen Altar was placed by Joshua and the whole Congregation in Shilo in the Tribe of Ephraim Josh 18. 1. and there it continued for the place of the general Assembly of all the twelve Tribes for three hundred and fifty yeers till the death of Eli but after the Philistims had taken the Lords Aark 1 Sam. 4. 10 11. and slain the most valiant men of Ephraim in that battel Psal 78. 9. God was wroth with Shilo and forsook it Psal 78. 60. for by that great destruction of all the valiant men of Ephraim Shilo was now become too weak a place to guard the holy Tabernacle and the holy Altar and therefore it was by the Lords advice removed to Gibbeon 2 Chron. 1. 3 4 5. which was a Royal City and a place of great strength Josh 10. 2. lying in the Tribe of Benjamin and it was allotted to the Priests Josh 21. 17. and the Gibbeonites the ancient inhabitants were given to the Priests to cut wood and draw water for the house of the Lord Josh 9. 21 23. 27. and afterwards in Solomons dayes they were called Nethinims 1 Chron. 9. 2. And from henceforth this place was called the chief High-place because the Lords Tabernacle and the Lords Altar were placed therein 1 King 3. 4. and in that respect David took care to provide a competent number of Priests to attend it But afterwards when David had recovered the Ark from the Philistims and had brought it into the Tent that he had provided for it in Jerusalem He divided the Priests into two parts and he appointed Asaph and his brethren to minister before the Lord at Jerusalem 1 Chron. 16. 37. and he appointed Zadoc and his brethren to minister at the Lords brazen Altar at his Tabernacle at Gibbeon 1 Chron. 16. 39. But when Solomon had finished his Temple he caused the Priests first of all to bring the Ark of the Lord into its place provided for it in the Temple and then he caused the Priests to bring up the Tabernacle of the Congregation with all the holy vessels into the Temple 1 King 8. 4. and after this manner the Lord refused Ephraim and chose the Tribe of Judah and Mount Sion of Benjamin which he loved Psal 78. 68. This brazen Altar was made and consecrated to be the publick Altar for the General Assemblies of all the twelve Tribes Exod. 27. 1. Numb 7. 1. and in that respect where ever this Altar was placed there was the chief High place untill Solomon had made another brazen Altar in the place of it 2 Chron. 4. 1. At this Altar was offered the daily Morning and Evening sacrifices for all the twelve Tribes and the Passeovers of all the twelve Tribes and they might not be offered in any of the former private High places The Hebrew Doctors say They sacrificed not the Passeover in a private High-place no not in the time when private High-places were permitted and whosoever offereth the Passeover in a private High-place is beaten for it is said in Deut. 16. 5. Thou mayest not sacrifice the Passeover in any of thy gates we have been taught that this is a prohibition to kil it in a private High-place although it be in the time when private High-places were permitted See Ains in Deut. 16. 5. and such a private Altar as this was at Bethlem where Ishai had a yeerly Sacrifice and Feast for all the family 1 Sam. 20. 26. and such a private Altar as this did Saul build with stone 1 Sam. 14. 35. And of these Altars it is said that when Asa and Jehosaphat destroyed the Idolatrous High-places that they did not destroy these High-places 1 King 22. 43. 2 Chron. 15. 17. Now from all the premises it follows That seeing they might not kill their Passeovers at several High-places nor sprinkle the blood on several Altars but at the general High-place and at the general Altar onely That all the Passeovers in Canaan could not be killed and their blood sprinkled in so short a time as about the time of Sun-set and therefore that Command in Deut. 16. 6. at the going down of the Sun must not be understood of the Sun-set Evening but it must be understood of the whole time of the Suns declining from Mid-day till Sun-set just according to the time of the two Evenings in Exod. 12. 6. 2. Let me adde another Reason why the going down of the Sun in Deut. 16. 6. cannot be understood of the time of Sun-set namely The Passeover day was no Sabbath it was but a half holy-day because the fifteenth day according to the date of the person purified began at Sun-set but no Passeover might be sacrificed after the fifteenth day was come but all are commanded to be sacrificed in the fourteenth day at Even 3. No other part of the fourteenth day was commanded to be kept holy but the Evening of the fourteenth day The Jerusalemy and the Babylonian Thalmuds say that men