seals the Child i. e. crosseth him on the Forehead Mouth Breast recites a Prayer and waves him in his Arms in form of a Cross elevates him and dismisseth him 3. He blows three times on the Child to dispossess the Devil 4. Pours Water in form of a Cross in token of peace with God 5. Takes the Child out of the Gossip's Arms of which they never have but one and makes the sign of the Cross with Oyl on the Fore-head Breast Reins saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. He next dips it 3 times in water and looking toward the East saith The servant of God is Baptized in the Name of the Father Amen Of the Son Amen c. N. Their Gossips or Compatri commence a great Friendship and fancy that they cannot mix consanguinity 2. Chrism Tho joyned with Baptism is different from it grounded on 2 Cor. 1.21 22. On Good Friay the Arch-bishop or Bishop consecrates the Oyl It is made of Xylobalsamum Echinanthes Myrrh Xylocatia Carpobalsamum Laudanum and other Gums and Spices F. Simon They defer Baptism till the 3d 4th 6th 10th 14th year 3. Eucharist 1. For preparation they distribute Panem Benedictum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the parts of Bread which remain of the Consecrated Loaf These they carry home to such as cannot come These they say have power to remit Venial Sins 2. In the Chancel on a Table is a Loaf set in this form 3. This the Priest Signs three times using these words In the remembrance of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ 4. He strikes a small Lance several times into the Loaf saying by parcels As a Lamb before his Shearers c. 5. Cuts a piece for himself lays it by the Patina thrusts his Lance into the Bread again with other words cuts a second part forms it like ▵ saying In honour and memory of our blessed Lady Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary through whose Prayers O Lord accept this Sacrifice to thine Altar 6. Then cuts out more pieces in memory of John Baptist Moses Aaron Peter Paul Basil Gregory Cosma Damianus c. And Lastly a ninth in honor of S. Chrysostom whose Liturgy is read that day The 9 parcels in reference to the 9 Hierarchies of Angels 7. Then follows the Offertory for the Living every Christian Prelate and the particular Bishop that Ordained the Priest especially those who paid for that Mass the Founders of the Church the Parents and Friends of those which paid for the Mass 8. The Priest lifts up a Silver Star over the Bread saying some short Prayers goes from the place of the Offertory reads the Epistle and Gospel for the day returns covers the Bread and Wine sets it on his Head carries it in Procession through all the Church the People bowing making Crosses throwing infirm persons in the way 9. The Apostles Creed is recited the Veil taken off Air moved over the Bread with a Fan signifying the breath of the Spirit c. 10. The words of Consecration are used In the same night c. 11. Then this Prayer Lord who in the third hour didst send thy Holy Spirit graciously take it not away from us but grant it to us Lord make clean our Hearts within us with some short Soliloques which Prayer is repeated three times with the head bowed down 12. Then the Priest raising himself saith Lord hear my Prayer and lifting up his hand by way of Blessing adds Make this Bread the Holy Body of Christ Amen 13. Here the Consecration being finished he goes on Thou art my God thou art my King I adore thee piously and Faithfully 14. Then covering the Chalice he elevates it and the People worship it 15. The Priest sups three times 16. Those who intend to Communicate first go to the bottom of the Church there to ask forgiveness of the Congregation in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Answer is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 17. It is their custom to conserve the Sacrament for the use of the Sick Haec ex D. Addison They gave the Sacrament to the Children at Baptism Believers not to be forced to the Sacrament They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Torches Keep it in a Box and hang it on a Wall They hold tha the Sacrament Consecrated on Holy Thursdays is most Efficacious F. Simon They use Unleavened Bread Administer in both kinds Christ à Jelinger Greeks out of Dr. Addison 4. Priesthood Is accounted a Mystery for its Power and Energy 1 Cor. 4.1 Of this there are these Orders 1. Anagnostes who reads the Hymns which are Sung and the Prophets of the Old Testament 2. The Psaltes who sings the Psalms of David 3. Lampadarios who trims the Lamps 4. Deacons and Subdeacons who read the Epistles and Gospels 5. Secular Priests who can all read and write yet few skill'd in the School-Greek or Latin or Hebrew or Philosophy all books being counted Unlawful but such as treat of Divinity and a Godly Life They are called Papa's They cannot Marry a second time who when Widowers wear Caps turn'd up with white with a fall hanging down on their backs but this is often forfeited and cut off by the Bishop for some sin 6. Religious Priests Kaloirs from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Monks Encloistered professing Chastity and obedience of the Orders of S. Basil besides which they have no other Their Habit A long Cassock of Course Cloth of Camels Colour with a Cap of Felt or Wool made to cover the Ears with a black Coul called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They abstain from Flesh all their Life Some more strict called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 take nothing else but Bread and Water but these are commonly Anchorites several dwell on Mount Athos Their Hair long Their Services are very ridiculous and prolix Every day in Lent they read over the Psaltar once and at the end of every 4 Psalms say Gloria Patri c. with 3 Metagnai or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bowing or kissing the ground 3 times At the end of every 10 Psalms 40 Metagnai which every Kaloir doth 300 times every 24 Hours unless sick and then his Priest must do it for him The one half of these are performed the two first hours of the Night the other half at midnight before they arise to Mattins which begin 4 hours before Day Out of some Monasteries they send 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Messengers to collect Contributions who stay out five years begging the Charity of good People some of which being Temperate live long I knew one 119 years old his Father liv'd but to 80 his Grandfather to 158. Several Monasteries on Mount Athos where the Kaloirs 6000 in number work in such Employments as they are best skill'd in Every Monastery hath its Library but disorderly ones few books but of Divinity few choice ones of them Nor one Book they say varying from the Doctrine of the 7th Council
a Whore The Saying of R. Ase Ancient Christian The Christians in Aegypt continued all the six days in Devotion so earnestly that they forgot to take their Food from Morning 'till Night Sozom. l. 6. c 18. ex Phil. Jud. The People of Edessa would not be terrified from their often Meetings through the fear of Death threatned to them Ruffin l. 2. c. 5. 1. At rising they met together and betook themselves to Prayer Chrysost Hom. 1. de Precat This was done by the Master of the House unless some Minister of Religion were present Certainly they read some portion of Scripture c. Dr. Cave They had set Hours for Prayer V. Cypr. Clem. Alex. de Orat. Dom. viz. the First Third and Sixth 2. About Noon before Dinner some part of the S. Scripture was read and the Meat being set on the Table a Blessing was solemnly begged of GOD. Dr. Cave Theodosius Junior Empèror would not taste any Meat or eat a Fig before he had first given Thanks and set it apart with the sign of the Cross Idem 3. When at Dinner they sung Hymns and Psalms a custom which Clem. Alex. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. p. 165. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. 4. Every time they took the Cup to drink they made the sign of the Cross and called upon Christ Nazianz. 5. Dinner ended they prayed Basil Ep. ad Greg. Tom. 3. p. 46. 6. Before going to bed they prayed again the whole family 7. At midnight they rose to pray and sing Hymns Clem. Alex. paed l. 2. c. 9. This was very ancient proceeding from their Nocturnal Assemblies in persecution Afterward left off as inconvenient yet it continues in Monasteries 8. Concerning Catechising vide alibi They read Scripture diligently prayed frequently and sung Psalms alone Vide Sub. Tit. particul Mahometan The Mahometans are obliged by their Religion to pray five times every day Most of them are careful to pray at least 3 times and in the Mogul's Countrey generally 5 times and they make a conscience of it from the Mogul himself upon the Throne to the poor Shepherd that attends upon his flock abroad But they endeavour commonly to say their Prayers in Church and if not there they do it in their houses or fields Ancient Heathen In every family there were so many little statues of Wood c. placed about their Lares as were Sons in the House and when any one was out of his childhood at 16 he hang'd the Bulla which he then left off about the Neck of the child's statue Servants also had statues of Wool or Hay The Romans had Laâ—es or Houshold Gods and Faci or Chimneys for them and the ordinary people observed the Ludi Compitalitii Plays and Dances in the streets in honour of them The Romans gave their Tables great Reverence accounting them sacred by laying on of the Salt-sellers and the Images of the Gods Arnob. 2. adv Gent. p. 87. The Druids procure publick and private Sacrifices Caes de Bell. Gal. Alexander Severus had in his private Chappel the Image of Jesus Christ amongst other Deities and Heroes to whom he paid adoration every morning particularly for that Precept Quod tibi non viâ— sieâ—i alteri ne feceris Modern Heathen The Chingulaes in Ceilon besides their publick Temples have private Chappels little Houses like Closets in their Yards not above 2 or 3 foot big sometimes but built upon a Pillar 2 or 3 foot from the ground wherein they place certain Images of the Buddou or Saviour God that they may have him near them and do testifie their Love and Service to him by lighting up Candles and Lamps in his House and laying flowers every morning before him Capt. Knox Relat. of Ceil In Guinea and the East Indies they daub with a kind of Chalky Earth for their Morning Devotions View of the Engl. Acq. in Guinea c. The Tunquinese adore 3 things in their Houses the Hearth of their Chimney made of 3 stones an Idol called Tiensa Patroness of Handicrafts and Buabin which they implore when they I go to build an House Tavernier Diabolical 1. Acts of Unbelief Distrust Despair Dishonour to God c. 2. Injustice Uncharimbleness Wrath Evil Speech Adultery Uncleanness Lying profane Swearing Cursing Covetousness Pride Discontent Curiosity c. 3. Idleness Intemperance Gluttony Drunlaenness And in a word all neglect and remissness in governing the Heart and Tongue and Actions in subduing the Lusts and Passâ—â—ns Yet in the Indies they use certain Ceremonies and Sacrifices as do also Magicians Spells and Invocations c. 19. Ecclesiastical Worship Jewish 1. THey sounded the Trumpers every morning at the opening of the Court-Gates particularly of the Gate of Nicanor to call the Levites and Stationary Men to their Desks and Service and the people of Jerusalem to the Temple Also they rung the Great Bell Migrepha 2. They offered Sacrifice in the Temple-Service twice a day 3. They read the Law twice The Master of the Synagogue called out one of the Seven Readers appointed for the Service of the Synagogue Gave him a Book to read He read standing in honour of the Law 4. The expounded the Law and made Discourses to the people Teaching and Instruction was always performed fitting Dr. Lightfoot 5. They had Prayers 4 times a day 6. Stationary men were appointed by course to be always attending the Service of the Temple lest they should want a Congregation as Deputies of the people for the Daily Sacrifice was the Sacrifice of all Israel And therefore it being impossible that all Israel should be present these were chosen Representatives Christian 1. The Roman Service for 400 years thus out of stilling Orig. Brit. 1. The Epistle out of St. Paul only Walasrid and the Pontifical Book Strabo 2. The Gospel 3. The Sacrifice In Celestine's Time 1. The Epistle 2. The Gospels 3. The Psalms or Antiphonae made out of them the whole Choir singing each Verse alternatim Walaf Strabo Microlog 4. Responsoria or proper Hymns Anthems i. e. one singing and the whole Choir answering 5. The Sacrifice No Creed No Sermon till Leo's Time 2. The Gallican Service Ibid. Morning 1. Lessons 2. Hymns 3. Psalms of St. Hierom's Translation with Gloria Patri at the end in Latin 4. Between the Psalms 1. The Deacon did silentium indicere 2. The people privately on their knees fell to their private Devotions 5. A concluding Collect Collecta Oratia the Lord's Prayer commonly 1. The Creed appointed by the 3 Council of Toledo 2. Prophetical Lessons Three Books being laid on the Altar viz. of the Prophets Epistles and Gospels Greg. Turon 3. The Sermon immediately after the Gospel 4. The Sacrifice in which Service were 1. Confession of sins Apdogia a particular Enumeration of sins Suscipe confessionem meam Domine 2. Prefaces and Collects Contestatio
Sacrifices c. with some Expositions thereof out of the Talmud 7. They pray in particular for the re-building of Jerusalem and their return thither with great vociferation and rejoycing 8. They read a long Prayer collected out of the Psalms and 1 Chron. 30. 9. They conclude with singing those words of Obadiah v. 17 18 c. Other Songs also they sing much to this purpose When they say Hearken O Israel the LORD our GOD is One LORD they turn their heads to the four Corners of the World When they say Isa 6.3 Holy Holy Holy c. they leap three times 10. They utter an execrable Prayer against the Christians 11. They pray for Peace bowing to the Right and Left and depart backward out of the Synagogue looking to the Ark. Ancient Christian The Order of Divine Service out of Ignatius 1. On Sunday is a publick meeting out of both City and Countrey where are read as time will permit the Prophets and Apostles The Reader having ended 2. The Pastor or President makes an Exhortation 3. Afterwards we all rise up and offer Prayers 4. Then is brought Bread Wine and Water 5. Then the Pastor according to his Abilities offers up Prayers and Thanks-givings the People saying Amen 6. Then Distribution is made and 7. By the Deacon sent to such as are absent 8. The Wealthier-contribute if they will which deposited with the Pastor is to be given to the Poor The Order of Divine Service out of Tertullian We come together into the Congregatign that we may as it were with an Army besiege God with our Prayers 1. We Pray for the Emperors and their Ministers 2. We are Assembled for the reading of the Divine Scriptures 3. There are also Exhortations 4. Castigations and the Divine Censure And Judgment is passed with a great deal of weight and authority as among those who are certain of the presence and inspection of God c. 5. Every one brings some small piece of mony to the Chest if he can one day in a Month or when he will for no man is compelled but gives freely 6. This is as it were a pious Depositum for the feeding and interring of the Poor for boys and Girls destitute of Estate and Parents also for such as are aged such as have suffered Shipwrack The Order of Divine Service in Muscovy out of the D. of Holstein's Embassad 1. The whole service consists of certain Chapters out of the Bible Psalms and the Athanasian Creed 2. Whereto they add a Homily out of S. Chrysostome 3. And certain Prayers which they sing much in like manner as Antiphonaes are Sung saying ever and anon Gospodi Pommilui Lord have mercy upon me which the People repeat three times making the sign of the Cross 4. The Priest goes up to the Altar reads S. Basil's Liturgy and takes the Sacrament himself but gives it to none else Modern Heathen The Bannyans in Devotion to their Pagods under their Trees 1. Receive an Unction and Sprinklings of sundry coloured Powders c. 2. Pay their Tithes and Offerings 3. Repeat their Orisons 4. Make Processions 5. Sing and perform may Mysteries c. Sir Tho. Herb. The Siamites use abundance of Lights before their Pagods in time of Service They likewise Incense them and adorn them with Flowers and precious Stones Mandelslo At Banerous in India when the Pagod was opened 1. Four Bramins came with a Censer each of them followed by a rabble of other Bramins that made a hideous noise with Drums and Trumpets c. 2. The two eldest sang a Song the People singing in a Tune and playing with every one a Peacock's Tail or such like Flabel to keep the Flies off from the Idol 3. Half an hour after the beginning of this Musick two principal Bramins made a great noise three times with two little Bells and a kind of Mallet knockt at the Pagod-door 4. This done the Pagod was open'd and the Idol Ram to be seen the People falling upon the ground with their hands on their heads prostrating three times 5. Then rising up they threw great quantities of Nosegays and Garlands to the Priests with which the Priest touch'd the Idol and restored them again 6. Before the Altar stood a Bramin holding a Lamp of nine Wicks lighted in his hand on which he cast Incense Then the Pagod was shut and the People departed Tavernier 1. Particular Parts of Divine Worship and 1. of Prayer Jewish Observe 1. THE Orators or Persons praying The Priest as Speaker for the People the People by way of consent and communion with the Priest 2. The Times or Seasons There were 4 hours of Prayer daily observed in the Temple There are now but three in the Synagogues Dr. Addison 3. The Place 1. The Temple 2. The Synagogues 3. Private Places 4. The Form All in Form of which there were 18 in number belonging to their Liturgy in our Saviour's time Dr. Lightfoot Their Prayers now are very many and therefore they run them over in Hebrew Rhimes c. Purchas 5. The Gesture They pray standing with their Loins girt and their Bodies bowed a little and their Faces toward Jerusalem at Confession of Sins using prostration and at Praises extraordinary jumping up as at those words Holy Holy Holy Lord God of Sabbaoth as is said before Dr. Addison Rosse adds Laying their hand on their heart They hold it a great sin in praying to belch yatch spit or break wind because they hold the Angels to be there present Rosse They believe That whosoever saith heartily Amen hastens their Redemption Idem Ancient Christian The Method and Order of Divine Service among the Indian Christians out of Sir Tho. Herbert 1. They Assemble chearfully 2. Shut their Eyes at Entrance 3. Salute the Priest with humble Reverence who resalutes them by lifting up his hands and eyes 4. The Priest at a set Hour begins Prayers seldom exceeding two Hours in the whole Exercise 1. Making a brief Confession 2. The People assenting in an Unanimous Amen 3. Expounding some part of Scripture during which their Attention Looks and Silence is commendable 4. Singing an Hymn 5. At parting out of the Church re-saluting the Priest who ceases not to elevate his hands 'till all the People are departed N. Every first Sunday in the Month the Priest reads a Homily writ as they say by the Apostle or some of his Disciples The Order of the Armenian-Service out of M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. 1. They put off their Shoes and enter into Church 2. When they hear Mass they sit with their heads covered all the Service-time except at the Elevation of the Host for then they take off their Bonnets and kiss the Earth three times 3. There was viz. at the Church in Egmiasin upon the Altar a Cross with Six Candlesticks of Gold and upon the Steps to the Altar four Candlesticks of Silver five foot high 4. After they had sung several Hymns the Patriarch seated himself in a Chair
Shirt hangs a Cross about his Neck to be kept 'till Death D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Modern Heathens The Baptism of the Persees in East-India is thus So soon as one is born the Daroo is called upon who delays not but being instructed in the precise time of his Nativity calculates his Fortune the Daroo gives the Name the Mother assenting to it This done they haste together to the Eggaree where the Priest puts a little Water into the Bark of a Tree the Name of which is Holme the place it grows in Yezd not far from Spahawn a Tree that Zertoost blessed a Tree which they say yields no shadow The Water out of this hallowed Rind being pured upon the Infant a Prayer is then made that it may be cleansed from all impurity At 7 years of Age the Child is Confirmed by the Daroo and taught to say his Prayers over the Fire but with his Mouth and Nostrils cover'd lest his sinful Breath offend the Deity after which he drinks a little cold Water chaws a Pomegranate-Leaf washes in a Tank cloaths his Body with a fine Shuddero reaching to his Waste ties a Zone of Cushee about his Loins woven with Inkle of the Herboods making which he wears ever after and after a short Prayer that he may never prove an Apostate but continue a Fire-Worshipper that he may eat no Man's Meat nor drink any Man's Drink but his own he is ever after reputed a Believer Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia Concerning the Bannyans see in the First Book Ch. Sacram. Amboyna In Amboyna though Worshippers of the Devil they Circumcise at Twelve or Thirteen Years of Age c. Mandelslo Sachion In Sachion the Tartars dedicate their Children to their Idols and on Festival-Days Sacrifice Rams for their Childrens Preservation Rosse Guinea In Guinea the Priests besprinkle their Infants after Sermon with Water wherein a Newt doth swim Rosse Loango In Loango Circumcision is used Idem And in Madagascar also and Jucatan Armenians The Armenians thus Consecrate and Administer the Sacrament 1. They set the Consecrated Bread on the Altar 2. The Arch-Bishop reads the Mass for the Ceremony 3. At reading the Gospel they light abundance of Wax-tapers 4. After the Gospel several of the Noviciates take Sticks in their hands about 5 Foot long at the end whereof are Latten Plates with little Bells hanging about them which when they are shaked sound like Cymbals 5. Other Noviciates hold a Copper Plate in their hands hung about with Bells which they strike one against another and at the same time the Ecclesiasticks and Laity sing together indifferent harmoniously 6. All this while the Arch-bishop hath two Bishops on each side of him who are in the room of a Dean and a Sub-dean 7. By and by he goes and unlocks a Window in the Wall on the Gospel side and takes out the Chalice where the Wine is 8. Then with all his Musick he takes a turn about the Altar on which he at length sets down the Chalice saying certain Prayers 9. With the Chalice in his hand and the Bread upon the Chalice he turns towards the People who presently Prostrate themselves upon the ground beat their Breasts and kiss the Earth while the Arch-bishop pronounces This is the Lord who gave his Body and Blood for you 10. Then he turns towards the Altar and eats the Bread dipt in the Wine For they never drink the Wine 11. He turns towards the People with the Bread and Chalice in his hand and they that will receive come one after another to the bottom of the Choir to whom he gives the Bread dipt as before The bread is without Leaven flat and round about as thick as a Crown and as big as the Host of the Mass being Consecrated the day before by the Priest whose Office it is M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 9. They never put Water in their Wine When they come to the Communion the Arch-bishop or Priest says these words I confess and believe that this is the Body and Blood of the Son of God who takes away the sins of the World who is not only ours but the Salvation of all mankind He repeats these words three times the people saying after him word for word ibid. They give the Communion to Children of two or three Months old which the Mothers bring in their Arms tho many times the Children put it out of their Mouths again ibid. They never administer in Lent for then they never say Mass but on Sunday noon which they call Low Mass at which time they never see the Priest who hath a Curtain drawn before the Altar and only reads the Gospel and Creed aloud The Armenians Baptize infants on Sunday except in danger of Life the Midwife carrying the Infant to Church where the Bishop or Priest plunges it naked in the water and returns it to the Godfather going on with his Prayers and twists a double string one of white Cotton another of red silk signifying the Blood and Water which flowed from the Body of Christ about the Child's neck then he anoints the Child and crosseth it in the several places where the Oyl dropped saying I Baptize thee in the Name of Father Son and Holy Ghost The Forehead Chin Stomach Arm-holes Hands and Feet are anointed The Patriarch makes this Oyl every year on the Eve of our Lady in September after a small Lent of eight days of several fragrant Flowers and Aromatical Drugs but the principal is called Balassau-Jague or flower of paradise When 't is made two bottles are sent to all the Convents of Asia Europe and Africa When the Ceremony of baptism is over the Godfather returns home with the Infant in his arms and a Taper of white wax in each hand attended with trumpets drums haut-boys which go before to the parents house where the Godfather delivers the child to the mother she prostrating her self before the Godfather and kissing his feet he her head the minister names the child according to the Name of the Saint of that day in their Almanack Afterwards they Feast The poorer sort carry the Child to Church on the Week-days without any Ceremony with Tears in their Eyes pretending it to be sickly and like to die and so make no Feasts at all If Women lye in 15 or 20 days before Christmas they often defer till the Festival then in all the Cities and Villages where the Armenians live if there be any river or pond they spread 2 or 3 Flat-bottom'd Boats with carpets to walk upon and in one of them set up an Altar and in the Morning by Sun-rising all the Armenian Clergy of that Town or City and Parts adjoyning get into the Boats in their Habits with the Cross and Banner dip the Cross in the Water 3 times and every time drop the Holy Oyl upon it then plunge the Infant and anoint him 3 times saying I Baptize c. The King of Persia is many times present at the Ceremony when