every_o feodal_a lord_n and_o not_o begin_v in_o france_n till_o feud_n be_v there_o make_v hereditary_a by_o hugh_n capet_n nor_o in_o england_n till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v the_o like_a as_o before_o appear_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o tenant_n by_o make_v every_o new_a tenant_n at_o his_o entry_n to_o recognize_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o lord_n lest_o that_o the_o feud_n be_v now_o hereditary_a and_o new_a heir_n continual_o succeed_v into_o it_o they_o may_v by_o little_a and_o little_o forget_v their_o duty_n and_o substract_v the_o service_n deny_v at_o last_o the_o tenure_n itself_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n frequent_a example_n of_o it_o for_o by_o neglect_v of_o do_v homage_n and_o those_o service_n tenor_n usual_o be_v forget_v and_o so_o revolve_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ignoramus_n to_o the_o great_a evil_n of_o their_o posterity_n that_o neglect_v it_o homage_n but_o the_o saxon_n have_v only_o two_o kind_n of_o land_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v subject_a unto_o homage_n for_o the_o bocland_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o their_o great_a thanes_z though_o it_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o be_v it_o alodium_fw-la and_o libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o thereby_o free_a from_o homage_n and_o the_o folcland_n be_v not_o otherwise_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o thanes_z than_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o do_v any_o homage_n for_o it_o for_o justice_n littleton_n 90._o bid_v we_o note_n that_o none_o shall_v do_v homage_n but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n etc._n etc._n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v neither_o do_v homage_n nor_o take_v homage_n but_o admit_v the_o saxon_n have_v the_o ceremony_n of_o do_v homage_n among_o they_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o a_o certain_a mark_n of_o knights-service_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a also_o in_o socage-tenure_n and_o in_o elder_a age_n as_o well_o a_o personal_a duty_n as_o a_o praedial_a that_o be_v do_v to_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n either_o by_o compulsion_n for_o subjection_n or_o voluntary_a for_o their_o protection_n without_o receive_v any_o feud_n or_o other_o grant_n of_o land_n or_o benefit_n from_o they_o and_o he_o or_o they_o which_o in_o this_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o homage_n of_o another_o for_o protection_n sake_n be_v then_o call_v homines_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o say_v commendare_fw-la se_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la ejus_fw-la or_o commendare_fw-la se_fw-la illi_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o sometime_o call_v homines_fw-la ejus_fw-la commendati_fw-la and_o sometime_o commendati_fw-la without_o homines_fw-la as_o in_o doomsday_n often_o spirawiâ—_n though_o we_o have_v lose_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o phrase_n yet_o we_o use_v it_o even_o to_o this_o day_n commend_v i_o unto_o such_o a_o man_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o our_o new_a compliment_n take_v up_o from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o know_v that_o i_o be_o his_o servant_n see_v the_o quotation_n here_o annex_v and_o note_n that_o though_o the_o saxon_n do_v as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o servant_n and_o follower_n homines_fw-la suos_fw-la their_o man_n yet_o we_o no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n tenure_n or_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n among_o they_o nor_o any_o speech_n of_o do_v or_o of_o respiting_a homage_n chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n fealty_n so_o for_o fealty_n if_o we_o shall_v apply_v every_o oath_n swear_v by_o servant_n and_o vassal_n for_o fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n to_o belong_v unto_o fealty_n we_o may_v bring_v it_o from_o that_o which_o abraham_n impose_v upon_o his_o servant_n put_v thy_o hand_n under_o my_o thigh_n and_o swear_v etc._n etc._n for_o the_o saxon_n abound_v with_o oath_n in_o this_o kind_n follow_v therein_o their_o ancestor_n the_o german_n who_o as_o tacitus_n 46._o say_v take_v praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la a_o principal_a oath_n to_o defend_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o territory_n under_o who_o they_o live_v and_o to_o ascribe_v their_o own_o valour_n to_o his_o glory_n so_o likewise_o the_o homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v yea_o the_o famuli_fw-la ministeriale_n and_o household_n servant_n of_o noble_a person_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n fee_n these_o and_o such_o other_o be_v ancient_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o illud_fw-la postremo_fw-la observandum_fw-la say_v bignonius_n a_o learned_a frenchman_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n fidelitatem_fw-la hodie_fw-la quidem_fw-la feudi_fw-la causa_fw-la tantum_fw-la praestari_fw-la show_v far_o that_o fealty_n be_v first_o make_v to_o prince_n by_o the_o commendati_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la without_o any_o feud_n give_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o prince_n afterward_o do_v many_o time_n grant_v unto_o they_o feuda_fw-la vacantia_fw-la as_o to_o their_o servant_n but_o whether_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n be_v so_o bring_v in_o upon_o feodal_a tenant_n or_o be_v in_o use_n before_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o fealty_n in_o those_o day_n be_v personal_a as_o well_o as_o feodal_n or_o praedial_a which_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n in_o the_o report_n that_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o must_v show_v it_o to_o be_v feodal_n and_o not_o personal_a for_o otherwise_o it_o maintain_v not_o their_o assertion_n i_o will_v help_v they_o with_o a_o pattern_n of_o fealty_n in_o those_o time_n where_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n grant_v the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n to_o many_o and_o sundry_a person_n for_o three_o life_n reserve_v a_o multitude_n of_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o and_o bind_v they_o to_o swear_v that_o as_o long_o as_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n they_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o bishop_n with_o all_o subjection_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o we_o must_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v personal_a or_o praedial_a if_o personal_a it_o nothing_o then_o concern_v tenor_n and_o consequent_o not_o our_o question_n if_o praedial_a then_o must_v it_o be_v inherent_a to_o the_o land_n which_o here_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v but_o to_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o be_v praedial_a must_v either_o be_v feodal_n as_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n or_o colonical_a as_o for_o land_n in_o socage_n if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v feodal_n then_o must_v there_o be_v homage_n also_o as_o well_o as_o fealty_n for_o homage_n be_v inseparable_a from_o a_o feud_n by_o knight-service_n but_o the_o estate_n here_o grant_v by_o oswald_n be_v no_o great_a than_o for_o life_n the_o grantee_n must_v not_o as_o we_o have_v show_v either_o make_v or_o take_v homage_n and_o be_v last_o but_o colonical_a or_o in_o socage_n it_o be_v no_o fruit_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight-service_n nor_o belong_v therefore_o to_o our_o question_n so_o that_o if_o fealty_n be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o fruit_n of_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o report_n pretend_v it_o see_v fidelitas_fw-la in_o my_o glossary_n chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n 〈…〉_z the_o word_n scutagium_fw-la and_o that_o of_o escuage_z be_v of_o such_o novelty_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o find_v it_o not_o among_o the_o feudist_n no_o not_o among_o the_o french_a or_o norman_n themselves_o much_o less_o among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ancient_a law_n in_o the_o novella_n of_o constantine_n porphyrogenita_n emperor_n of_o greece_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o that_o give_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o it_o though_o not_o the_o name_n 7._o quaedam_fw-la esse_fw-la praedia_fw-la militaria_fw-la quibus_fw-la cohaereat_fw-la onus_fw-la militiae_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la possessorem_fw-la necesse_fw-la sit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la comparare_fw-la domino_fw-la indicante_fw-la delectum_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la nolit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la delectum_fw-la exhibere_fw-la certam_fw-la eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la fisco_fw-la dependere_fw-la quae_fw-la feudorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a land_n to_o which_o the_o burden_n of_o warfare_n be_v so_o adherent_a that_o every_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v tie_v upon_o summons_n make_v by_o his_o lord_n to_o make_v his_o appearance_n therein_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v certain_a money_n by_o way_n
time_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v otherwise_o than_o for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n for_o so_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o abby-book_n and_o i_o also_o suppose_v that_o they_o to_o who_o these_o land_n be_v grant_v be_v the_o thani_n episcopi_fw-la &_o thani_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o doomsday-book_n and_o that_o the_o land_n themselves_o be_v such_o as_o in_o the_o same_o book_n be_v usual_o call_v thain-land_n ecclesiae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la and_o abbatis_n but_o i_o see_v they_o be_v lade_v with_o many_o service_n which_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thane_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o dignity_n and_o person_n be_v free_a from_o therefore_o when_o this_o very_a bishop_n by_o another_o charter_n grant_v tres_fw-la cassatas_fw-la three_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o cungle_v cuidam_fw-la ministro_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thanes_z name_v alfwold_n and_o to_o his_o mother_n if_o she_o survive_v during_o their_o life_n he_o put_v no_o service_n upon_o the_o king_n thane_n but_o say_v plena_fw-la glorietur_fw-la libertate_fw-la excepta_fw-la expeditione_n rata_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la constructione_n the_o common_a exception_n in_o grant_n unto_o the_o king_n thanes_z as_o before_z appear_z and_o yet_o the_o service_n thereby_o except_v belong_v not_o either_o to_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n himself_o otherwise_o than_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o common_a necessity_n after_o all_o this_o i_o beat_v still_o upon_o the_o old_a string_n that_o here_o yet_o be_v nothing_o to_o prove_v wardship_n or_o marriage_n or_o as_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v a_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n for_o we_o have_v make_v it_o manifest_v that_o expedition_n and_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n be_v no_o feodal_n service_n nor_o grow_v by_o tenure_n and_o as_o for_o these_o that_o be_v tie_v to_o ride_v and_o go_v up_o and_o down_o with_o their_o lord_n baraterius_n a_o old_a 8._o feudist_n say_v that_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v be_v give_v so_o ut_fw-la vassallus_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la festivis_fw-la cum_fw-la uxore_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la vadat_fw-la and_o the_o feudal_a law_n itself_o infer_v as_o much_o lib._n 2._o tit._n 3._o but_o our_o bracton_n speak_v of_o our_o law_n here_o in_o england_n the_o invest_v feud_n in_o his_o time_n touch_v such_o tenant_n call_v they_o rodknight_n alias_o radknight_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 35._o nu_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la siquis_fw-la debeat_fw-la equitare_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la in_o manerium_fw-la and_o say_v not_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o serjantie_n and_o that_o although_o such_o sometime_o do_v homage_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v ward_n and_o marriage_n admit_v notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n and_o that_o the_o land_n thus_o hold_v be_v knight_n fee_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n who_o shall_v undergo_v these_o servitude_n since_o the_o tenure_n and_o all_o the_o service_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n see_v then_o that_o neither_o the_o great_a thanes_z nor_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o knight-service_n upon_o who_o then_o if_o it_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o do_v it_o lie_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o clergy_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n 11._o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la and_o the_o report_n itself_o confess_v pag._n 3._o in_o pede_fw-la that_o the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la seculari_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v not_o true_a in_o the_o latter_a part_n be_v strict_o take_v for_o no_o doubt_n their_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitati_fw-la viz._n expeditioni_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisque_fw-la constructioni_fw-la as_o before_o appear_v yet_o come_v it_o very_o fit_o to_o my_o purpose_n for_o hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la make_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o church_n land_n than_o neither_o do_v it_o in_o the_o thaneland_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o then_o much_o less_o in_o the_o land_n of_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n common_o call_v the_o socmanni_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v no_o otherwise_o than_o by_o socage_n therefore_o if_o all_o kent_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v gavelkind_a then_o can_v there_o be_v no_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o all_o that_o county_n for_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o c._n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o where_o the_o inheritance_n be_v divideable_a among_o the_o son_n it_o be_v socage_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o knight-service_n the_o primogenitus_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la this_o kentish_a custom_n be_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la the_o general_a law_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n jew_n 2_o greek_n roman_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o continue_v even_o till_o this_o day_n where_o the_o feodal_n law_n have_v not_o alter_v it_o which_o first_o happen_v here_o in_o england_n when_o the_o norman_n introduce_v their_o feud_n settle_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o the_o ancient_a feodal_n law_n itself_o do_v not_o as_o we_o before_o have_v note_v till_o feud_n be_v grow_v perpetual_a the_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o that_o beget_v this_o alteration_n be_v for_o that_o while_o the_o feud_n do_v descend_v in_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o son_n and_o nephew_n of_o the_o feodatorie_n the_o service_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o lord_n have_v choose_v which_o of_o the_o son_n he_o will_v have_v for_o his_o tenant_n and_o then_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o party_n choose_v will_v accept_v of_o the_o feud_n or_o not_o for_o sometime_o there_o may_v be_v reason_n to_o refuse_v it_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v it_o make_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o all_o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o be_v unanswerable_a that_o the_o old_a inheritance_n which_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o law_n book_n ancient_a demesne_n contain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o every_o county_n have_v not_o any_o land_n within_o it_o or_o within_o any_o manor_n thereof_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n for_o fitz-herbert_n d._n say_v that_o nul_fw-fr terres_fw-la sont_fw-fr ancient_a demesne_fw-la forsque_fw-la terres_fw-la tenus_fw-la en_fw-fr socage_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n will_v claim_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o knights-service_n it_o be_v good_a cause_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n because_o that_o no_o land_n hold_v of_o a_o manor_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesne_n be_v hold_v by_o other_o service_n of_o the_o lord_n than_o by_o socage_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v call_v socmanni_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tenant_n deal_v carve_v angl._n le_fw-fr plough_n thus_o far_o fitz-herbert_n now_o if_o in_o the_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o be_v then_o no_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n throughout_o all_o england_n it_o will_v then_o in_o all_o probability_n follow_v that_o there_o be_v none_o likewise_o among_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o consequent_o that_o our_o feudal_n law_n be_v not_o introduce_v before_o the_o conquest_n mr._n cambden_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o mr._n selden_n himself_o who_o they_o allege_v against_o i_o be_v clear_o with_o i_o as_o before_o i_o have_v show_v if_o these_o our_o three_o opinion_n avail_v nothing_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o four_o to_o strengthen_v bracton_n we_o great_a bracton_n the_o most_o learned_a in_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n that_o have_v be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o speak_v of_o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la as_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o these_o tenor_n say_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o nu._n 7._o fol._n 36._o a._n that_o it_o be_v call_v regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la here_o bracton_n also_o refer_v the_o invention_n to_o the_o conquest_n but_o the_o report_n wave_v his_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o we_o notwithstanding_o
land_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o levite_n be_v give_v to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 17._o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o tribe_n to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o his_o idolatrous_a enemy_n and_o to_o root_v they_o out_o thus_o may_v fancy_n couple_v the_o remote_a thing_n to_o come_v low_o down_o and_o near_a home_n 118._o pausanias_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o when_o brennus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o britain_n invade_v greece_n with_o a_o army_n of_o gaul_n every_o horseman_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v two_o other_o gaul_n horseman_n to_o attend_v and_o second_v he_o as_o his_o vassal_n and_o they_o three_o together_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trimarcesiam_n i._n e._n a_o society_n of_o three_o horseman_n 118._o but_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o noble_a gaul_n in_o his_o time_n have_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n many_o horseman_n attend_v they_o in_o war_n who_o by_o a_o german_a word_n he_o call_v ambactos_fw-la which_o proper_o signify_v servant_n vassal_n workman_n ambactâ—_n and_o labourer_n yet_o he_o by_o a_o fair_a name_n expound_v it_o there_o 184._o in_o latin_a clientes_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n 124._o call_v they_o among_o the_o german_n comites_fw-la &_o familiares_fw-la as_o account_v they_o like_o abraham_n 14._o 318._o soldier_n to_o be_v all_o their_o lord_n follower_n and_o of_o his_o family_n tacitus_n 129._o likewise_o name_v they_o comites_fw-la as_o companion_n and_o follower_n quod_fw-la bello_fw-la sequi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coguntur_fw-la say_v 284._o cujacius_n but_o tacitus_n further_o say_v gradus_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la ipse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la habet_fw-la judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la quem_fw-la sectantur_fw-la that_o there_o be_v degree_n in_o those_o company_n as_o he_o who_o they_o follow_v do_v appoint_v like_o they_o perhaps_o in_o after-age_n of_o earl_n baron_n knight_n etc._n etc._n but_o how_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o ambacti_fw-la be_v maintain_v neither_o caesar_n nor_o yet_o tacitus_n have_v relate_v as_o for_o such_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n they_o can_v not_o then_o have_v any_o for_o caesar_n 120._o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n mor._n neque_fw-la cuique_fw-la agri_fw-la modum_fw-la certum_fw-la aut_fw-la fine_n proprios_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o certain_a estate_n or_o peculiar_a bound_n of_o land_n but_o the_o magistrate_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o kindred_n and_o such_o as_o live_v together_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o think_v good_a and_o the_o next_o year_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v the_o reason_n you_o may_v see_v in_o caesar_n who_o 121._o also_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o common_a magistrate_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o territory_n set_v what_o law_n he_o will_v among_o his_o follower_n or_o ambactos_fw-la these_o law_n the_o goth_n the_o swede_n the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n call_v bilagines_n of_o by_o which_o in_o all_o these_o language_n signify_v a_o town_n and_o lagh_o or_o laghen_fw-mi which_o signify_v law_n as_o gravius_n nostro_fw-la suecus_n and_o our_o saxon_a author_n testify_v and_o though_o jornandes_n a_o spanish_a goth_n write_v it_o after_o the_o spanish_a corruption_n bellagineâ—_n yet_o we_o in_o england_n keep_v the_o very_a radix_fw-la and_o word_n itself_o by-law_n even_a unto_o this_o day_n though_o divert_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sense_n that_o caesar_n speak_v of_o for_o we_o call_v they_o town-law_n or_o by-law_n which_o the_o townsman_n make_v among_o themselves_o but_o caesar_n show_v that_o the_o lord_n impose_v they_o herewith_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n or_o some_o other_o ancient_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicunt_fw-la they_o give_v law_n to_o they_o which_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n for_o i_o take_v agricolis_fw-la here_o in_o the_o large_a sense_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o that_o dwell_v upon_o the_o lord_n land_n as_o well_o his_o military_a follower_n as_o his_o husbandman_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o solicolae_fw-la contain_v all_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o soil_n ruricolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o the_o country_n and_o coelicolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o heaven_n these_o lordship_n of_o town_n which_o caesar_n speak_v of_o be_v after_o by_o the_o norman_n call_v maneria_fw-la the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o comites_fw-la and_o these_o which_o he_o say_v sectabantur_fw-la dominos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v call_v vassalli_n and_o sectatores_fw-la manerii_fw-la sive_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la vassal_n and_o suitor_n of_o court_n the_o bilagines_n or_o town-law_n be_v call_v consuetudines_fw-la and_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o follower_n and_o suitor_n be_v call_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n assign_v to_o his_o follower_n for_o their_o stipend_n or_o maintenance_n be_v at_o first_o call_v munera_fw-la after_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n or_o tenant-land_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o for_o military_a man_n call_v feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la nobile_fw-la tenure_n by_o knights-service_n the_o other_o for_o husbandman_n call_v therefore_o feudum_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o by_o the_o plough_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o feud_n and_o tenor_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n itself_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o german_n and_o northern_a nation_n in_o such_o condition_n therefore_o how_o obscure_a soever_o as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n leave_v they_o to_o we_o 1._o gerardus_n niger_n the_o consul_n of_o milan_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 1176._o and_o first_o compose_v they_o into_o a_o book_n take_v they_o up_o as_o he_o there_o find_v they_o and_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n as_o have_v the_o forementioned_a passage_n under_o his_o eye_n say_v antiquissimo_fw-la tempore_fw-la sic_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dominorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la connexum_fw-la ut_fw-la quando_fw-la vellent_fw-la possent_fw-la auferre_fw-la rem_fw-la in_o feudum_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la datam_fw-la and_o this_o agree_v with_o caesar_n by_o who_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o follower_n of_o the_o german_n have_v in_o those_o time_n either_o no_o land_n at_o all_o or_o no_o estate_n at_o all_o in_o their_o land_n or_o first_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o then_o but_o for_o one_o single_a year_n which_o gerardus_n also_o confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n of_o feudatary_n for_o he_o say_v present_o after_o his_o former_a word_n postea_fw-la vero_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la haberent_fw-la res_fw-la in_fw-la feudum_fw-la datae_fw-la thus_o for_o another_o while_n their_o feudal_n vassal_n who_o here_o he_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o we_o now_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n enjoy_v their_o feud_n no_o otherwise_o than_o from_o year_n to_o year_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o grant_n or_o sufferance_n 21._o till_o further_a grace_n confirm_v they_o to_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n and_o at_o length_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o gerardus_n also_o present_o there_o declare_v say_v deinde_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la producerentur_fw-la feuda_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n stand_v the_o principal_a feud_n themselves_o even_o those_o of_o earldom_n and_o dukedom_n which_o they_o call_v feuda_fw-la majora_fw-la and_o feuda_fw-la regalia_z in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o lesser_a feud_n which_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o abby-book_n otherwise_o than_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o lease_n and_o grant_n make_v by_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n to_o their_o follower_n for_o term_n of_o life_n without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feudal_n service_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a precedent_n â—6_n leave_v we_o by_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o in_o grant_v out_o the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n unto_o his_o follower_n for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o solemn_a instrument_n ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o service_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a which_o after_o you_o shall_v here_o see_v and_o then_o consider_v how_o and_o whither_o they_o conduce_v to_o our_o feud_n or_o not_o liâ—e_z if_o we_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o that_o nature_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o for_o life_n and_o not_o inheritable_a nor_o stretch_v further_o without_o further_a grace_n obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n
for_o which_o purpose_n conradus_n salicus_n a_o french_a emperor_n but_o of_o german_a descent_n go_v to_o rome_n about_o forty_o five_o year_n before_o the_o time_n of_o our_o king_n edgar_n viz._n sub_fw-la an._n dom._n 915._o to_o fetch_v his_o crown_n from_o pope_n john_n x._o make_v a_o constitution_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o his_o soldier_n that_o silij_fw-la or_o aviatici_fw-la the_o son_n or_o if_o no_o son_n be_v live_v the_o nephew_n or_o grandson_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o feud_n of_o their_o father_n see_v the_o constitution_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o feud_n but_o gerardus_n note_v that_o this_o law_n settle_v not_o the_o feud_n upon_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o any_o other_o son_n of_o the_o feudatarie_n particular_o but_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o lord_n election_n to_o please_v himself_o with_o which_o of_o they_o he_o will_v after_o this_o feud_n be_v continue_v in_o divers_a place_n by_o several_a increment_n to_o the_o three_o four_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o generation_n and_o sometime_o for_o want_n of_o lineal_a issue_n collateral_o to_o the_o brother_n as_o gerardus_n testify_v but_o whether_o by_o some_o positive_a law_n or_o by_o the_o munificence_n of_o the_o lord_n he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o nor_o when_o or_o by_o who_o they_o be_v make_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a though_o he_o confess_v that_o at_o last_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v extend_v in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o the_o elder_a son_n who_o former_o have_v no_o pre-eminence_n above_o a_o young_a brother_n but_o while_o they_o stand_v sometime_o produce_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o indulgence_n of_o prince_n to_o the_o three_o four_o or_o five_o generation_n etc._n etc._n some_o man_n of_o learning_n have_v conclude_v they_o to_o be_v hereditary_a as_o though_o there_o be_v no_o medium_n between_o a_o limitation_n how_o far_o so_o ever_o extend_v and_o infinitum_fw-la hereditary_a to_o pass_v by_o that_o let_v we_o now_o go_v on_o in_o examination_n when_o and_o how_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a some_o suggest_v a_o show_n of_o such_o a_o matter_n under_o the_o two_o othones_fw-la german_n emperor_n who_o succeed_v one_o the_o other_o about_o the_o year_n 973._o but_o to_o rest_v upon_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o at_o large_a declare_v the_o truth_n be_v that_o when_o hugh_n capet_n usurp_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n aga_v the_o carolinge_n he_o to_o fortify_v himself_o and_o to_o draw_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o france_n to_o support_v his_o faction_n about_o the_o year_n 987._o grant_v to_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 988._o that_n whereas_o till_o then_o they_o enjoy_v their_o feud_n and_o honour_n but_o for_o life_n or_o at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o prince_n they_o shall_v from_o thenceforth_o for_o ever_o hold_v they_o to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n in_o feudal_n manner_n by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o that_o he_o will_v according_o maintain_v they_o therein_o as_o they_o support_v he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n which_o they_o joyful_o accept_v england_n this_o be_v a_o fair_a direction_n for_o william_n of_o normandy_n who_o we_o call_v the_o conqueror_n how_o to_o secure_v himself_o of_o this_o his_o new_a acquire_v kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o he_o pretermit_v not_o to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o for_o with_o as_o great_a diligence_n as_o providence_n he_o present_o transfer_v his_o country-custom_n into_o england_n as_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o chequer_n witness_v and_o among_o they_o as_o after_o shall_v be_v make_v perspicuous_a this_o new_a french_a custom_n of_o make_v feud_n hereditary_a not_o regard_v the_o former_a use_n of_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o like_o all_o other_o nation_n save_o the_o french_a continue_v till_o that_o time_n their_o feud_n and_o tenor_n either_o arbitrary_a or_o in_o some_o definite_a limitation_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o german_n receive_v general_o throughout_o europe_n for_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o colony_n and_o transmigration_n into_o all_o the_o chief_a part_n thereof_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o such_o feodal_n right_n as_o be_v then_o in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o plant_v those_o rite_n and_o custom_n in_o those_o several_a country_n where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o do_v by_o that_o mean_n make_v all_o those_o several_a country_n to_o hold_v a_o general_a conformity_n in_o their_o feud_n and_o military_a custom_n so_o by_o the_o longobard_n they_o be_v carry_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o salique_n into_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o frank_n into_o the_o west_n part_v thereof_o by_o the_o saxon_n into_o this_o our_o britain_n by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o western_a goth_n who_o communicate_v with_o the_o german_n in_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n into_o spain_n and_o by_o the_o eastern_a goth_n into_o greece_n itself_o and_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o europe_n etc._n etc._n these_o i_o say_v carry_v with_o they_o into_o the_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o they_o settle_v such_o ancient_a feudal_n custom_n as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o transmigration_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o the_o more_o prevalent_a and_o more_o general_o receive_v custom_n be_v those_o that_o be_v in_o use_n or_o take_v up_o in_o the_o time_n of_o conradus_n the_o emperor_n and_o when_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a for_o on_o they_o especial_o be_v the_o feudal_n law_n ground_v and_o compose_v though_o enlarge_v oftentimes_o by_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o spread_v abroad_o into_o divers_a nation_n by_o their_o example_n countenance_n or_o authority_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o milan_n be_v chief_o follow_v in_o rebus_fw-la judicatis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o duarenus_n 1._o and_o merula_n 3._o but_o reserve_v unto_o every_o nation_n their_o peculiar_a right_n and_o custom_n 409._o for_o it_o be_v general_o receive_v into_o every_o kingdom_n and_o then_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o most_o absolute_a law_n for_o support_v the_o royal_a estate_n preserve_v union_n confirm_v peace_n and_o suppress_v robbery_n incendiary_n and_o rebellion_n i_o conclude_v with_o cujacius_n who_o upon_o the_o abovecited_a passage_n of_o gerardus_n niger_n say_v 21._o quam_fw-la aliam_fw-la feudorum_fw-la originem_fw-la quaerimus_fw-la his_o veluti_fw-la incrementis_fw-la paulatim_fw-la feuda_fw-la constituta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conradum_fw-la usus_fw-la recepit_fw-la ut_fw-la transirent_fw-la ad_fw-la liberos_fw-la mare_n in_fw-la infinitum_fw-la etc._n etc._n title_n the_o military_a and_o lay-feud_n be_v thus_o advance_v from_o a_o arbitrary_a condition_n to_o become_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 180._o do_v now_o in_o ordinary_a account_n leave_v their_o former_a name_n of_o beneficia_fw-la which_o be_v only_o temporary_a for_o year_n or_o life_n unto_o the_o live_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o retain_v to_o themselves_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o feud_n whereby_o they_o be_v produce_v to_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v of_o they_o both_o sai_z ibid._n feudum_fw-la differt_fw-la a_o beneficio_fw-la quod_fw-la hoc_fw-la temporaneum_fw-la fuit_fw-la illud_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la and_o treat_v in_o another_o place_n of_o these_o beneficiarii_fw-la and_o temporarii_fw-la possessores_fw-la he_o say_v further_a 7._o jisdem_fw-la postea_fw-la câ—pit_fw-la concedi_fw-la feudum_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la conclude_v in_o a_o three_o place_n 5._o that_o propria_fw-la feudi_fw-la natura_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la perpetua_fw-la so_o that_o cassineus_fw-la in_o the_o feud_n of_o burgundy_n say_v 437._o that_o omne_fw-la feudum_fw-la quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la acquisitum_fw-la fit_a haereditarium_fw-la cum_fw-la successione_n sit_fw-la redactum_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la allodialium_fw-la that_o all_o feud_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o they_o be_v acquire_v be_v make_v hereditary_a in_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o child_n into_o the_o feud_n of_o their_o father_n the_o feud_n be_v now_o bring_v to_o be_v like_o allodial_a or_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n thus_o feudum_n which_o at_o first_o be_v but_o a_o totter_a possession_n ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la grow_v at_o length_n to_o be_v a_o irrevocable_a estate_n descend_v by_o many_o succession_n from_o son_n to_o son_n become_v at_o last_o to_o be_v a_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o thereupon_o the_o word_n themselves_o feudum_n and_o haereditas_fw-la in_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n quem_fw-la penes_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o &_o norma_fw-la loquendi_fw-la to_o be_v voces_fw-la convertibiles_fw-la and_o by_o a_o fair_a metonymia_fw-la each_o to_o signify_v other_o for_o as_o horace_n further_o say_v verborum_fw-la vetus_fw-la interit_fw-la aetas_fw-la et_fw-la juvenum_fw-la ritu_fw-la florent_fw-la modo_fw-la nata_fw-la vigentque_fw-la apt_o
christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o our_o land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n begin_v to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o perpetuity_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o latin_a name_n of_o homines_fw-la our_o man_n they_o grow_v then_o also_o to_o be_v call_v after_o new_a and_o foreign_a name_n vassalli_n leude_n and_o feudatarii_fw-la by_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o choose_v rather_o to_o grant_v they_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n in_o consideration_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o military_a service_n and_o he_o say_v that_o these_o name_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o german_a prince_n where_o and_o particular_o in_o milan_n as_o merula_n report_v the_o feodal_n law_n and_o custom_n have_v have_v their_o original_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v propagate_v throughout_o europe_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la and_o feudatarii_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o that_o the_o word_n munera_fw-la be_v grow_v obsolete_a nor_o afterward_o till_o beneficia_fw-la leave_v to_o be_v temporary_a or_o but_o for_o life_n become_v to_o be_v perpetual_a possession_n which_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o the_o word_n feudum_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n time_n who_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o beneficia_fw-la four_o though_o the_o word_n feudum_n be_v in_o the_o original_a charter_n of_o beorredus_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o our_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o call_v they_o beneficia_fw-la or_o call_v they_o feuda_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v then_o hereditary_a or_o perpetual_a but_o either_o temporary_a or_o for_o life_n only_o which_o at_o length_n beget_v the_o difference_n between_o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la for_o beneficia_fw-la in_o a_o restrain_a sense_n begin_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o rest_v at_o this_o day_n in_o our_o clergy-men_n live_n call_v benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o
under_o these_o name_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v thereunto_o and_o those_o that_o dwell_v upon_o those_o mansas_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o call_v not_o tenentes_fw-la holder_n as_o we_o do_v but_o manentes_fw-la as_o person_n abide_v there_o all_o the_o foresay_a word_n be_v of_o the_o middle-age-dialect_n not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o feodal_a language_n thaneland_n four_o in_o grant_v of_o feud_n and_o feud_n land_n the_o consideration_n be_v always_o for_o matter_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la as_o pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o servitio_fw-la habendo_fw-la but_o here_o in_o grant_v these_o thaneland_n the_o consideration_n be_v for_o service_n past_a or_o present_a signify_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o thane_n as_o fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la meo_fw-la or_o pro_fw-la placabili_fw-la obsequio_fw-la not_o only_o without_o reservation_n of_o any_o future_a service_n but_o with_o express_a immunity_n from_o all_o service_n as_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n themselves_o 1._o ut_fw-la sint_fw-la libera_fw-la vel_fw-la immunia_fw-la à _fw-la servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la 2._o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 3._o liberrima_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 4._o liberrimum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la &_o modicis_fw-la 5._o aeterna_fw-la libertate_fw-la jocundum_fw-la 6._o liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la such_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o these_o thaneland_n equal_a and_o no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n give_v in_o franck-almoigne_a by_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o last_o cite_v charter_n which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v omni_fw-la terrenae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugo_fw-la liberae_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la alienate_v five_o the_o feodal_n land_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o licence_n but_o the_o thane_n by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o his_o original_a charter_n may_v grant_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la will._n six_o a_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n as_o we_o call_v he_o can_v not_o devise_v his_o land_n by_o will_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o though_o it_o be_v with_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o law_n the_o german_n themselves_o do_v hold_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n and_o the_o dane_n can_v yet_o devise_v no_o land_n by_o will_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v but_o the_o thane_n may_v devise_v his_o thaneland_n to_o who_o he_o will_v as_o appear_v bâ—_n the_o word_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o thola_n where_o he_o say_v possideat_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la regiam_fw-la donaâ—â—onem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la obitum_fw-la suum_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la haeredi_fw-la relinquat_fw-la exclude_v hereby_o all_o title_n of_o wardship_n and_o feodal_n duty_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o therewith_o agree_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o thane_n before_o mention_v thani_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la as_o for_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o will_n of_o brictrick_n the_o saxon_a where_o he_o seek_v his_o lord_n be_v consent_v that_o his_o will_n may_v stand_v i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o â—oâ—â—land_n or_o custumary_a land_n which_o according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n he_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o thaneland_n for_o though_o this_o brictrick_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a possession_n yet_o be_v he_o none_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n of_o thanâ—s_n call_v the_o king_n thanes_z but_z as_o appear_z by_o his_o will_n a_o under-thane_n belong_v to_o aelfric_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o mercia_n and_o how_o far_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o under_o or_o lesser-thanes_a extend_v i_o can_v yet_o determine_v woman_n seven_o if_o thaneland_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n then_o by_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o that_o time_n it_o can_v not_o transire_fw-la a_o lancea_fw-la ad_fw-la fusum_fw-la that_o be_v it_o may_v not_o be_v grant_v to_o woman_n for_o woman_n be_v not_o then_o nor_o long_o after_o capable_a of_o feodal_n land_n but_o the_o land_n here_o grant_v to_o thola_n be_v thaneland_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o her_o charter_n for_o that_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la perpetualiter_fw-la possidendam_fw-la which_o word_n make_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o thaneland_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n not_o to_o folcland_n or_o popular_a land_n which_o be_v but_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n express_v eight_o there_o can_v no_o tenure_n nor_o service_n lie_v upon_o the_o thaneland_n other_o than_o what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n for_o in_o the_o end_n of_o every_o of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o horrible_a curse_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v fearful_o respect_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o upon_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v violate_v the_o charter_n either_o by_o add_v other_o encumbrance_n or_o by_o diminish_v the_o grant_v immunity_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v any_o lurk_a tenure_n or_o matter_n of_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la to_o impeach_v they_o the_o curse_n begin_v in_o every_o of_o the_o charter_n with_o these_o word_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la autem_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z nine_o and_o last_o touch_v expedition_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n which_o the_o saxon_n call_v burghbote_n and_o brugbote_n though_o the_o two_o first_o of_o they_o be_v whole_o military_a and_o the_o last_o serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o king_n army_n as_o for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o his_o people_n yet_o be_v none_o of_o they_o either_o mark_n of_o tenure_n or_o of_o feodal_n service_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o we_o have_v former_o show_v and_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o charter_n where_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o edw_n the_o confessor_n in_o that_o to_o thola_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la communia_fw-la a_o common_a burden_n to_o all_o man_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o safety_n and_o sacred_a anchor_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o saxon_n therefore_o do_v not_o call_v they_o service_n or_o feodal_n duty_n as_o thing_n that_o lay_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n but_o landirecta_fw-la right_n that_o charge_v the_o very_a land_n whosoever_o do_v possess_v it_o church_n or_o lay_n man_n and_o these_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o except_v in_o every_o charter_n not_o for_o that_o they_o shall_v otherwise_o be_v extinguish_v but_o per_fw-la superabundantem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la lest_o the_o general_a word_n precedent_n shall_v be_v mistake_v to_o involve_v they_o and_o to_o release_v that_o which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o release_v for_o though_o ethelbald_a by_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 852._o do_v give_v the_o site_n of_o that_o monastery_n with_o the_o appendancy_n etc._n etc._n libera_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la onere_fw-la seculari_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la elâ—emosynam_fw-la yet_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v to_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n speak_v of_o the_o repair_n of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n he_o confess_v and_o say_v that_o nulli_fw-la unquam_fw-la relaxari_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n expedition_n be_v here_o omit_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o scribe_n for_o i_o never_o find_v it_o sever_v from_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n in_o any_o other_o charter_n and_o also_o though_o king_n ethelwulf_n by_o his_o memorable_a charter_n of_o privilege_n ratify_v by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 855._o do_v by_o express_a word_n free_a sanctam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la that_o be_v all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ab_fw-la expeditione_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructione_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la munitione_n al._n yet_o the_o whole_a clergy_n about_o the_o year_n 868._o do_v notwithstanding_o voluntary_o assist_v his_o son_n beorredus_n against_o the_o dane_n with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o same_o beorredus_n chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n owner_n though_o that_o which_o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o charter_n be_v authentical_a and_o need_v no_o far_o proof_n yet_o to_o convince_v broad_a spread_a error_n the_o more_o manifest_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o show_v what_o doomsday_n itself_o relate_v to_o confirm_v it_o for_o whereas_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knights-service_n can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v dispose_v than_o by_o licence_n of_o the_o king_n or_o superior_a lord_n doomsday_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v use_v and_o dispose_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n without_o impeachment_n
very_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n themselves_o shall_v stand_v together_o viz._n that_o their_o thanelands_n shall_v be_v liberae_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o grievous_a viz._n our_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o may_v be_v answer_v as_o the_o report_n 2._o in_o another_o place_n deliver_v positive_o that_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v transfer_v or_o extinct_a by_o release_n or_o grant_v for_o it_o be_v a_o incident_a inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o answer_n be_v good_a if_o once_o they_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o both_o this_o tenure_n and_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n there_o be_v nothing_o show_v to_o prove_v that_o suggestion_n and_o be_v it_o true_a i_o shall_v desire_v no_o better_a argument_n on_o my_o behalf_n than_o what_o the_o place_n itself_o bring_v with_o it_o for_o if_o thaneland_n be_v convert_v into_o reveland_n and_o that_o reveland_n signify_v socage-land_n than_o it_o be_v as_o manifest_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o tainland_n do_v not_o signify_v land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o it_o do_v then_o can_v it_o not_o decline_v into_o socage-tenure_n as_o their_o own_o maxim_n do_v demonstrate_v false_a if_o there_o be_v a_o cloud_n before_o this_o sun_n i_o shall_v remove_v it_o also_o my_o lord_n coke_n cite_v this_o place_n out_o of_o doomsday_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n herefordsâ—_n but_o deliver_v both_o the_o title_n and_o the_o text_n by_o half_n the_o title_n be_v hereford_n rex_fw-la the_o text_n thus_o haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la tainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n et_fw-la idem_fw-la dicunt_fw-la legati_fw-la regis_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la terra_fw-la &_o census_fw-la qui_fw-la inde_fw-la exit_fw-la furtim_fw-la aufertur_fw-la regi_fw-la the_o very_a title_n discover_v the_o tenure_n for_o if_o it_o be_v terra_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o the_o word_n rex_n declare_v it_o than_o it_o be_v plain_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o every_o lawyer_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o in_o ancient_a demesne_n there_o be_v no_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n but_o whole_o in_o socage_n so_o that_o this_o cloud_n now_o vanish_v into_o the_o air_n and_o our_o tainland_n be_v clear_o discover_v to_o be_v but_o socage_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o it_o afterward_o doomsday_n but_o what_o construction_n shall_v we_o now_o find_v for_o the_o word_n in_o doomsday_n tainland_n conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la hic_fw-la labour_n est_fw-la it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o have_v quit_v myself_o of_o the_o objection_n they_o must_v seek_v some_o new_a interpretation_n yet_o will_v i_o help_v they_o what_o i_o can_v in_o that_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o say_v to_o have_v be_v thaneland_n t._n e._n r._n and_o after_o convert_v into_o regis_fw-la reveland_n be_v such_o land_n as_o be_v revert_v to_o the_o king_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o thane_n who_o have_v it_o for_o life_n be_v not_o since_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o by_o the_o king_n but_o rest_v in_o charge_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o reve_n or_o bailiff_n of_o the_o manor_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v in_o this_o lordship_n of_o hereford_n like_o the_o reve_n in_o chaucer_n a_o false_a brother_n conceal_v the_o land_n from_o the_o auditor_n and_o keep_v the_o profit_n of_o it_o to_o himself_o till_o the_o surveior_n who_o be_v here_o call_v legati_fw-la regis_fw-la discover_v this_o falsehood_n and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n that_o furtim_fw-la aufertur_fw-la regi_fw-la as_o by_o the_o word_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o paragraph_n which_o my_o lord_n coke_n recite_v appear_v beside_o all_o this_o why_o shall_v the_o come_n of_o these_o land_n into_o the_o reve_n account_n alter_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tenure_n see_v all_o man_n know_v that_o the_o reves_n and_o bailiff_n of_o manor_n govern_v and_o dispose_v the_o land_n thereof_o as_o well_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o knights-service_n as_o those_o in_o socage_n custumary_n as_o for_o the_o old_a french_a ms._n custumary_n which_o they_o affirm_v do_v mention_v tenor_n by_o knights-service_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o passage_n in_o it_o for_o the_o law_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n for_o prove_v feud_n to_o be_v in_o use_n in_o his_o time_n affirm_v also_o that_o the_o law_n dignity_n liberty_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v at_o that_o day_n the_o same_o which_o be_v in_o old_a great_a troy_n but_o as_o they_o in_o the_o report_n wave_v the_o one_o so_o i_o take_v they_o both_o for_o romance_n and_o pass_v they_o over_o as_o not_o worth_a a_o answer_n have_v thus_o particular_o answer_v every_o argument_n inference_n and_o objection_n produce_v in_o the_o report_n to_o prove_v our_o feud_n and_o form_n of_o tenor_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v that_o it_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v so_o unless_o we_o shall_v assume_v that_o our_o poor_a illiterate_a saxon_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n and_o give_v the_o precedent_n thereof_o to_o the_o german_n longobard_n french_a italian_n and_o the_o empire_n for_o in_o none_o of_o these_o be_v it_o otherwise_o extant_a till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o our_o saxon_a monarchy_n then_o by_o such_o bud_v and_o branch_n as_o we_o former_o have_v express_v out_o of_o caesar_n tacitus_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n it_o come_v now_o in_o question_n how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o that_o multitude_n of_o service_n which_o lay_v upon_o they_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n 〈…〉_z as_o for_o tenor_n i_o still_o say_v that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o name_n in_o use_n among_o they_o yet_o like_o the_o jew_n the_o greek_n the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n a_o multitude_n of_o service_n whereof_o some_o be_v personal_a and_o some_o praedial_n 〈◊〉_d personal_a service_n be_v those_o which_o a_o man_n do_v for_o his_o person_n or_o personal_a estate_n either_o general_o to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o public_a occasion_n as_o in_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitate_v etc._n etc._n or_o particular_o to_o his_o own_o lord_n upon_o particular_a agreement_n between_o they_o like_o the_o commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o some_o ministerial_a officer_n and_o domestic_a servant_n 〈◊〉_d praedial_a service_n be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lord_n for_o land_n only_o and_o this_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n alodial_a beneficiary_a and_o colonical_a â—â—â—â—ice_n alodial_a service_n be_v that_o which_o the_o great_a thanes_z and_o other_o who_o have_v alodial_a land_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o gavelkind_a and_o hereditary_a land_n be_v tie_v to_o do_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o land_n though_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n that_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v free_a from_o all_o tenure_n and_o feodal_n service_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o use_v this_o solecism_n to_o call_v they_o service_n if_o the_o dialect_n of_o our_o law_n afford_v i_o some_o other_o fit_a expression_n but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o term_v they_o land-rights_a not_o service_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la of_o expedition_n burghbote_n and_o brigbote_n the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o peace_n attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n summons_n for_o his_o park_n or_o palace_n before_o express_v and_o beside_o they_o all_o the_o tribute_n of_o danegelt_n etc._n etc._n service_n beneficiary_a service_n be_v those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o middling_a or_o lesser_a thanes_z to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a thanes_z either_o military_o in_o war_n or_o ministerial_o in_o peace_n for_o those_o portion_n of_o out-land_n which_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o temporary_o as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o life_n or_o life_n be_v then_o call_v beneficia_fw-la but_o be_v extend_v after_o to_o perpetuity_n they_o be_v name_v by_o the_o norman_n feoda_n the_o creation_n manner_n variety_n and_o multitude_n of_o they_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o bishop_n oswald_n by_z and_o by_o ensue_v 〈◊〉_d colonical_a service_n be_v those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o ceorl_n and_o socman_n that_o be_v husbandman_n to_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o thanes_z of_o all_o sort_n
for_o some_o portion_n also_o of_o their_o out-land_n these_o be_v after_o call_v feoda_fw-it rustica_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o we_o socage-land_n and_o be_v hold_v at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o render_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n thereupon_o grow_v or_o rear_v as_o victual_n especial_o in_o saxon_a call_v feorm_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o see_v the_o rate_n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n chap._n 70._o or_o by_o do_v some_o work_n of_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o lord_n inland_n now_o call_v his_o demean_n as_o tillage_n carriage_n harvest-work_n etc._n etc._n among_o all_o these_o diversity_n of_o service_n none_o come_v so_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n as_o the_o beneficiary_n do_v let_v we_o therefore_o consider_v they_o the_o more_o serious_o by_o that_o notable_a pattern_n of_o they_o leave_v unto_o we_o from_o bishop_n oswald_n who_o divide_v much_o of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o church_n of_o worcester_n into_o those_o kind_n of_o portion_n which_o after_o the_o feodal_n word_n then_o in_o use_n he_o call_v beneficia_fw-la grant_v the_o same_o unto_o his_o thanes_z and_o follower_n not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o milites_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la but_o of_o his_o fidos_fw-la subditos_fw-la for_o the_o term_n of_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n which_o they_o retain_v in_o those_o part_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o reserve_v to_o his_o church_n and_o successor_n not_o homagium_fw-la &_o sâ—rvitium_fw-la the_o material_a word_n in_o tenure_n to_o create_v knights-service_n in_o the_o feodal_n law_n but_o the_o service_n mention_v in_o his_o charter_n secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la as_o the_o very_a word_n be_v there_o express_o but_o hear_v the_o charter_n or_o rather_o epistle_n as_o he_o himself_o call_v it_o which_o the_o king_n confirm_v and_o a_o council_n the_o aranga_n or_o preamble_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o king_n edgar_n bounty_n and_o goodness_n to_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o church_n the_o conclusion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o time_n a_o curse_n and_o heavy_a imprecation_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v spoil_v or_o violate_v the_o same_o both_o which_o be_v long_o and_o nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o pretermit_v the_o rest_n be_v as_o follow_v under_o the_o title_n give_v it_o in_o the_o manuscript_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswaldes-lawes-hundred_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la charissimo_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edgaro_n ego_fw-la oswaldus_n wigorniensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la episcopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quare_fw-la quomodo_fw-la fidos_fw-la mihi_fw-la subditos_fw-la telluribus_fw-la quae_fw-la meae_fw-la traditae_fw-la sunt_fw-la potestati_fw-la per_fw-la spatium_fw-la temporis_fw-la trium_fw-la hominum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la duorum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la haeredum_fw-la condonarem_fw-la placuit_fw-la tam_fw-la mihi_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsis_fw-la fautoribus_fw-la &_o consiliariis_fw-la meis_fw-la cum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la licentia_fw-la &_o attestatione_n ut_fw-la fratribus_fw-la meis_fw-la successoribus_fw-la scil_n episcopis_fw-la per_fw-la chirographi_fw-la cautionem_fw-la apertius_fw-la enuclearem_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la quid_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n extorquere_fw-la just_a debeant_fw-la secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o hanc_fw-la epistolam_fw-la ob_fw-la cautelae_fw-la causam_fw-la componere_fw-la studui_fw-la nequis_fw-la malignae_fw-la cupiditatis_fw-la instinctu_fw-la hoc_fw-la sequenti_fw-la tempore_fw-la mutare_fw-la volens_fw-la abjurare_fw-la a_o servitio_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la queat_fw-la haec_fw-la itaque_fw-la conventio_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ipso_fw-la domino_fw-la meo_fw-la rege_fw-la annuente_fw-la &_o sua_fw-la attestatione_n munificentae_fw-la suae_fw-la largitatem_fw-la roborante_a &_o confirmante_fw-la omnibusque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regiminis_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la &_o consentientibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la pacto_fw-la eye_n terras_fw-la sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sub_fw-la i_o tenere_fw-la concessi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la equitandi_fw-la lex_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n impleatur_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la equites_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la pleniter_fw-la persolvant_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o ipsius_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la just_a competunt_fw-la scil_n ea_fw-la quae_fw-la anglice_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la ciricsceott_n &_o toll_n id_fw-la est_fw-la thelonium_fw-la &_o tacc_n id_fw-la est_fw-la swinseade_n &_o cetera_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la nisi_fw-la episcopus_fw-la alicui_fw-la eorum_fw-la quid_fw-la pardonare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la seseque_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la ipsas_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o mandatis_fw-la pontificis_fw-la humiliter_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la subjectione_n perseverare_fw-la etiam_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la affirment_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la omnis_fw-la industriae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la indigentiam_fw-la semet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la praesto_fw-la impendant_fw-la equos_fw-la praestent_fw-la ipsi_fw-la equitent_a &_o ad_fw-la totum_fw-la piramiticum_fw-la opus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la calcis_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la pontis_fw-la aedificum_fw-la ultro_fw-la inveniantur_fw-la parati_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o venationis_fw-la sepem_fw-la domini_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ultronei_fw-la ad_fw-la aedificandum_fw-la repperiantur_fw-la suaque_fw-la quandocunque_fw-la domino_fw-la episcopo_fw-la libuerit_fw-la venabula_fw-la destinent_a venatum_fw-la insuper_fw-la ad_fw-la multas_fw-la alius_fw-la indigentiae_fw-la causas_fw-la quibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la domino_fw-la antistiti_fw-la saepe_fw-la furnisci_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la servitium_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n explendum_fw-la semper_fw-la illius_fw-la archiductoris_fw-la dominatui_fw-la &_o voluntati_fw-la qui_fw-la episcopatui_fw-la praesidet_fw-la propter_fw-la beneficium_fw-la quod_fw-la illis_fw-la praestitum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la humilitate_fw-la &_o subjectione_n subditi_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o terrarum_fw-la quas_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la decurso_fw-la autem_fw-la praefati_fw-la temporis_fw-la curriculo_fw-la viz._n duorum_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la mode_n possident_fw-la haeredum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la spatio_fw-la in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la antistitis_fw-la sit_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la quid_fw-la inde_fw-la velit_fw-la &_o quomodo_fw-la svi_fw-la velle_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ita_fw-la stet_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la opus_fw-la eas_fw-la retinere_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la utile_fw-la judicaverit_fw-la sive_fw-la eas_fw-la alicui_fw-la diutius_fw-la praestare_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la velit_fw-la ita_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la servitia_fw-la pleniter_fw-la ut_fw-la praefati_fw-la sumus_fw-la inde_fw-la persolvantur_fw-la ast_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la praefatorum_fw-la delicti_fw-la praevaricantis_fw-la causa_fw-la defuerit_fw-la jurum_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la delictum_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la praesulis_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la emendet_fw-la aut_fw-la illo_fw-la quo_fw-la antea_fw-la potitus_fw-la est_fw-la dono_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la careat_fw-la siquis_fw-la vero_fw-la diabolo_fw-it instigante_fw-la etc._n etc._n charter_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o aforesaid_a be_v that_o the_o bishop_n tenant_n shall_v pay_v and_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o they_o shall_v perform_v all_o duty_n that_o belong_v to_o horseman_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o church_n and_o perform_v all_o other_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o they_o shall_v swear_v to_o be_v in_o all_o humble_a subjection_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v hold_v these_o land_n of_o he_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v so_o require_v they_o shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v ready_a for_o it_o and_o shall_v both_o furnish_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o ride_v themselves_o that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o perform_v all_o the_o work_n about_o the_o steeple_n of_o that_o church_n and_o for_o the_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n that_o they_o shall_v ready_o help_v to_o fence_v in_o the_o bishop_n park_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o hunt_v weapon_n when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n that_o in_o many_o other_o case_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o lord_n bishop_n shall_v require_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o service_n or_o for_o the_o king_n service_n they_o shall_v in_o all_o humbleness_n and_o subjection_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o bishopric_n for_o the_o grant_v benefit_n do_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o possess_v that_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o three_o life_n the_o land_n shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o bishopric_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n in_o perform_v the_o premise_n by_o reason_n that_o some_o shall_v vary_v or_o break_v the_o agreement_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bishop_n or_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v of_o his_o gift_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o common_a manner_n of_o grant_n and_o reservation_n in_o those_o
northampton_n who_o build_v the_o gallery_n there_o but_o in_o queen_n mary_n time_n the_o same_o be_v restore_v to_o that_o see_v where_o it_o so_o continue_v york_n 5._o the_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o york_n house_n be_v the_o whitehall_n much_o enlarge_v and_o reedifyed_a by_o the_o cardinal_n wolsey_n then_o archbishop_n of_o york_n as_o by_o the_o arm_n remain_v in_o wood_n stone_n and_o glass_n in_o sundry_a place_n of_o that_o house_n may_v appear_v and_o after_o the_o say_v cardinal_n conviction_n of_o praemunire_n and_o death_n the_o same_o be_v make_v parcel_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n at_o westminster_n by_o purchase_n from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n as_o appear_z by_o the_o stat._n of_o 28._o hen._n viii_o ca._n 12._o but_o afterward_o until_o anno_fw-la 2._o or_o 3._o of_o queen_n mary_n the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n have_v no_o other_o dwelling-place_n near_o london_n in_o right_a of_o his_o see_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o archbishopric_a but_o the_o house_n at_o battersey_n and_o then_o queen_n mary_n give_v to_o archbishop_n heath_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o late_a duke_n of_o suffolk_n house_n call_v suffolk-place_n in_o southwark_n which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n by_o confirmation_n of_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n there_o short_o after_o sell_v away_o to_o other_o and_o purchase_v to_o his_o see_n york-place_n where_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n remain_v together_o with_o the_o house_n adjoin_v to_o the_o street_n which_o house_n be_v sometime_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n place_n and_o the_o same_o norwich_n among_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o see_v of_o norwich_n about_o a_o 27._o hen._n viii_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o king_n by_o a_o private_a act_n of_o parliament_n in_o recompense_n of_o the_o union_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bennet_n and_o the_o possession_n thereof_o to_o that_o bishopric_n be_v of_o far_o better_a value_n than_o the_o ancient_a land_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o norwich_n assure_v to_o the_o king_n as_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o ca._n 47._o whereby_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v make_v collector_n of_o the_o ten_o of_o his_o diocese_n as_o other_o bishop_n be_v be_v former_o free_v thereof_o by_o the_o say_v private_a statute_n of_o 27._o hen._n viii_o which_o say_v now_o york-place_n by_o hen._n viii_o be_v convey_v in_o fee_n to_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v duke_n son_n the_o coheir_n of_o the_o duke_n son_n sell_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n heath_n and_o his_o successor_n norwich_n 6._o but_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o say_v private_a act_n of_o 27._o henry_n viii_o to_o enjoy_v perpetual_o in_o succession_n a_o prebend_n in_o the_o free-chappel_n of_o st._n stephens_n at_o westminster_n after_o dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n of_o college_n and_o free-chappels_a 1._o ed._n vi_o and_o the_o house_n thereto_o belong_v in_o chanon-row_n whereof_o then_o be_v incumbent_n one_o knight_n but_o the_o house_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lease_v for_o some_o small_a rent_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n to_o sir_n john_n thinn_n knight_n in_o edw._n the_o sixth_n time_n for_o many_o year_n endure_v and_o that_o the_o house_n now_o call_v york-place_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o case_n 21._o edw._n iv._o fol._n 73._o in_o a_o presentment_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n for_o annoyance_n of_o a_o way_n inter_fw-la hospitium_fw-la episcopi_fw-la norwicensis_fw-la &_o dunelmensis_n in_o parochia_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n in_o campis_n durham_n 7._o durham-house_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o case_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n house_n and_o bishop_n tonstal_n about_o the_o 26_o the_o of_o hen._n viii_o convey_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n in_o fee_n and_o king_n henry_n viii_o in_o recompense_n thereof_o grant_v to_o the_o see_v of_o durham_n coldharborrowe_n and_o certain_a other_o house_n in_o london_n and_o after_o edw._n vi_o about_o a_o 2._o grant_v durham-house_n to_o the_o lady_n elizabeth_n his_o sister_n for_o life_n or_o until_o she_o be_v otherwise_o advance_v after_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n by_o a_o private_a statute_n not_o print_v of_o 7._o edw._n vi_o be_v dissolve_v and_o all_o the_o possession_n thereof_o give_v to_o king_n edw._n vi_o who_o short_o after_o convey_v in_o fee_n the_o say_v bishop_n late_a house_n at_o coldharborrowe_n and_o other_o house_n in_o london_n to_o francis_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o after_o the_o 2d._o mariae_fw-la ca._n 3._o the_o stat._n of_o 7._o edw._n vi_o for_o dissolve_v that_o bishopric_n be_v repeal_v but_o the_o mansion-house_n of_o coldharborrowe_n and_o other_o tenement_n in_o london_n so_o grant_v to_o the_o say_a earl_n be_v confirm_v and_o the_o bishop_n by_o that_o act_n pray_v a_o recompense_n from_o the_o queen_n at_o his_o charge_n whereupon_o queen_n mary_n about_o anno_fw-la v._n or_o vi_o of_o her_o reign_n grant_v to_o the_o say_a bishop_n of_o durham_n her_o reversion_n of_o durham-place_n in_o succession_n which_o come_v into_o possession_n by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o late_a bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o york_n enter_v into_o and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o see_n by_o opinion_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o land_n refer_v by_o the_o king_n be_v oppose_v by_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o now_o bishop_n of_o durham_n lichfeild_n 8._o the_o bishop_n of_o lichfeild_n and_o coventry_n of_o old_a call_v the_o bishop_n of_o chester_n before_o the_o new_a erection_n of_o the_o new_a bishopric_n of_o chester_n have_v his_o place_n where_o somersethouse_n be_v build_v landaff_n 9_o 10._o as_o likewise_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_z and_o landaff_n have_v there_o sometime_o a_o house_n as_o stow_z in_o his_o book_n of_o survey_n of_o london_n say_v but_o the_o say_v three_o bishop_n place_n together_o with_o a_o parish_n church_n call_v straunde-church_n and_o the_o great_a inn_n of_o chancery_n call_v straunde-inn_n belong_v to_o the_o middle_a temple_n be_v deface_v without_o recompense_n to_o any_o of_o the_o say_v three_o last_o mention_v bishop_n parish_n church_n or_o inn_n of_o chancery_n other_o than_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_z who_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o former_a house_n a_o house_n in_o the_o white_a friar_n which_o he_o enjoy_v wells_n 11._o arondell-house_n now_o the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v be_v the_o bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n and_o be_v assure_v in_o edw._n vi_o time_n to_o admiral_n seymer_n and_o be_v now_o quite_o sever_v from_o that_o bishopric_n without_o recompense_n exeter_n 12._o likewise_o the_o bishop_n of_o exeter_n place_n after_o call_v paget_n leicester_n and_o essex-house_n of_o the_o several_a owner_n of_o the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v think_v the_o bishop_n of_o exeter_n have_v likewise_o no_o recompense_n for_o the_o same_o of_o any_o other_o house_n in_o or_o near_a london_n sarum_n 13._o the_o bishop_n of_o sarum_n place_n now_o call_v dorset-house_n before_o call_v sackvile-house_n and_o of_o former_a time_n salisbury_n court_n be_v in_o long_a lease_n make_v by_o bishop_n capon_n who_o be_v bishop_n there_o in_o hen._n viii_o edw._n vi_o and_o queen_n mary_n time_n be_v exchange_v temp_n reginae_fw-la elizabethae_fw-la by_o the_o great_a learned_a reverend_a father_n bishop_n jewel_n for_o recompense_v of_o good_a value_n in_o land_n in_o his_o diocese_n or_o elsewhere_o in_o the_o west_n country_n david_n 14._o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n place_n be_v near_o adjoin_v to_o bridewell_n upon_o the_o ditch_n that_o run_v to_o fleet-bridge_n into_o the_o thames_n and_o be_v grant_v in_o fee-farm_n for_o a_o mark_v rend_v temp_n edw._n vi_o to_o dr._n hewick_n the_o physician_n under_o which_o purchase_n the_o same_o be_v now_o enjoy_v hereford_n 15._o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n place_n as_o stow_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o london_n pag._n 357._o say_v be_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n marry_o de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi or_o mount-halt_a in_o london_n of_o which_o bishop_n patronage_n the_o say_a church_n also_o be_v which_o place_n be_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n or_o his_o tenant_n ely_n 16._o 17._o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n place_n at_o paul_n be_v never_o sever_v from_o the_o bishop_n possession_n and_o likewise_o ely_z place_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v other_o than_o such_o part_n thereof_o as_o the_o late_a lord_n chancellor_n hatton_n have_v by_o lease_n for_o many_o year_n from_o the_o late_a bishop_n cox_n bangor_n 18._o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n house_n be_v or_o late_o be_v mr._n aleworth_n house_n