french_a peasant_n at_o this_o day_n and_o so_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n all_o freedom_n consist_v then_o in_o so_o much_o freehold_a land_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o right_a or_o be_v freeman_n of_o some_o city_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o reason_n why_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o all_o our_o law_n book_n allow_v it_o that_o at_o the_o first_o all_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v hold_v by_o villeinage_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o at_o first_o the_o villani_n or_o tiller_n of_o the_o demefnes_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o town_n there_o be_v at_o first_o no_o freehold_n less_o than_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a township_n since_o a_o manor_n and_o therefore_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n though_o freeman_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v vote_n at_o this_o day_n because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o 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and_o be_v amerce_v if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o be_v premise_v and_o sufficient_o understand_v will_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n why_o copyholder_n and_o lease-holders_n for_o year_n do_v not_o give_v any_o vote_n at_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v still_o continue_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o roman_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o liberti_n and_o in_o inqui_fw-la lini_fw-la who_o sure_o be_v freeman_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o they_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la or_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n but_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o doctor_n himself_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o 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purpose_n for_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o county_n palatine_n be_v not_o at_o first_o conclude_v within_o the_o general_a law_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a council_n for_o both_o within_o themselves_o as_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o certain_o durham_n have_v the_o like_a privilege_n since_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o man_n in_o that_o county_n be_v more_o slave_n to_o their_o bishop_n than_o the_o cheshire_n man_n to_o their_o earl_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o confuse_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n vi_o there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n make_v on_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o these_o two_o county_n palatine_n and_o if_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n make_v law_n for_o and_o levy_v tax_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n therein_o this_o proceed_v partly_o from_o their_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o ease_n they_o find_v in_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o that_o time_n liable_a to_o and_o which_o come_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n four_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la be_v in_o those_o day_n more_o than_o forty_o shilling_n now_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v at_o last_o they_o be_v aware_a of_o their_o error_n and_o at_o their_o request_n get_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o certain_a right_n of_o english_a subject_n how_o come_v the_o welsh_a county_n which_o be_v ancient_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v admit_v to_o choose_v one_o knight_n for_o each_o county_n and_o burgess_n for_o each_o burrough_n town_n as_o well_o in_o north_n wales_n as_o south_n wales_n though_o both_o these_o be_v conquer_a country_n at_o the_o first_o and_o incorporate_v to_o england_n by_o particular_a statute_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o bracton_n and_o fortescue_n assertion_n that_o no_o law_n be_v make_v nor_o tax_n impose_v in_o england_n 84._o sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la â—uius_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o the_o latter_a true_o add_v in_o parliamento_fw-la and_o certain_o this_o word_n common_a assent_n must_v take_v in_o all_o their_o assent_n who_o have_v estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o other_o riches_n at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v but_o leave_v this_o dispute_n about_o scotland_n and_o the_o county_n palatine_n pray_v make_v a_o end_n for_o it_o grow_v late_o and_o give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o reason_n
the_o apostle_n to_o son_n but_o to_o servant_n or_o slave_n who_o life_n and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v be_v at_o their_o master_n absolve_v disposal_n be_v those_o who_o the_o apostle_n paul_n call_v servant_n under_o the_o yoke_n and_o unless_o you_o will_v make_v a_o slave_n and_o a_o son_n to_o be_v all_o one_o which_o you_o have_v already_o deny_v this_o precept_n do_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v they_o and_o as_o for_o example_n of_o isaac_n that_o will_v make_v as_o little_a for_o your_o advantage_n for_o first_o as_o to_o abraham_n he_o can_v not_o but_o know_v that_o to_o kill_v his_o son_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n be_v as_o much_o murder_n in_o he_o as_o in_o any_o other_o man_n now_o what_o can_v be_v a_o just_a or_o a_o high_a cause_n than_o god_n particular_a command_n so_o that_o as_o this_o act_n of_o abraham_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v as_o a_o example_n by_o other_o father_n so_o neither_o do_v the_o example_n of_o isaac_n oblige_v other_o son_n to_o the_o like_a submission_n therefore_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o isaac_n be_v then_o as_o chronologer_n make_v he_o to_o be_v about_o nineteen_o or_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n 27._o and_o of_o year_n of_o discretion_n to_o ask_v where_o be_v the_o lamb_n for_o the_o burnt-offering_a be_v also_o instruct_v by_o his_o father_n before_o he_o come_v to_o be_v offer_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o deal_n thus_o with_o he_o and_o then_o the_o submission_n be_v not_o pay_v to_o his_o father_n but_o to_o god_n will_v from_o who_o he_o miraculous_o receive_v his_o be_v but_o if_o any_o man_n doubt_v whete_a resistance_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v lawful_a i_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o own_o conscience_n to_o consider_v whether_o if_o his_o father_n have_v he_o alone_o in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o can_v neither_o run_v away_o nor_o yet_o call_v for_o help_v he_o will_v suffer_v his_o father_n to_o cut_v his_o throat_n without_o any_o resistance_n only_o because_o he_o pretend_v divine_a revelation_n for_o it_o not_o but_o that_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o likewise_o as_o to_o limit_v such_o a_o resistance_n only_o to_o the_o hold_v his_o father_n hand_n or_o ward_n off_o his_o blow_n but_o not_o to_o the_o take_v away_o his_o life_n but_o of_o the_o two_o rather_o to_o lose_v his_o own_o than_o to_o kill_v he_o for_o the_o reason_n you_o have_v give_v and_o which_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o yet_o if_o the_o father_n be_v mad_a i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o the_o son_n be_v boâ—nd_v to_o let_v he_o kill_v he_o rather_o than_o take_v away_o his_o life_n since_o such_o a_o father_n life_n be_v no_o way_n useful_a to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o family_n so_o that_o tho'_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o paternal_a power_n be_v from_o god_n and_o consequent_o irresissible_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o unjust_a force_n or_o violence_n which_o a_o father_n as_o a_o man_n may_v use_v against_o his_o son_n life_n or_o fortune_n be_v such_o part_n of_o a_o paternal_a power_n as_o god_n have_v command_v we_o not_o to_o resist_v since_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o he_o do_v not_o thus_o act_v in_o go_v about_o to_o kill_v his_o son_n as_o a_o father_n but_o a_o violent_a and_o wicked_a man_n so_o that_o where_o the_o father_n have_v no_o right_a to_o take_v away_o his_o son_n life_n i_o think_v in_o all_o such_o case_n the_o right_a of_o the_o son_n to_o resist_v he_o do_v take_v place_n and_o if_o a_o man_n may_v resist_v or_o bind_v his_o father_n when_o he_o be_v mad_a or_o drink_a and_o in_o such_o fit_n go_v about_o to_o kill_v he_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a why_o he_o may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o his_o father_n be_v transport_v by_o a_o sudden_a rage_n or_o unreasonable_a malice_n since_o both_o of_o they_o do_v take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o natural_a reason_n as_o much_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o according_a to_o that_o say_n of_o the_o poet_n ira_fw-la furor_fw-la brevis_fw-la est_fw-la anger_n be_v but_o a_o short_a madness_n fury_n and_o malice_n be_v alike_o fatal_a and_o destructive_a to_o the_o son_n life_n and_o safety_n with_o drunkenness_n and_o madness_n nor_o do_v such_o a_o son_n resist_v his_o paternal_a power_n but_o only_o his_o brutish_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o that_o if_o son_n when_o grow_v to_o year_n of_o discretion_n have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o defend_v their_o life_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o who_o go_v about_o to_o take_v it_o away_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n every_o son_n ought_v to_o suffer_v his_o father_n to_o kill_v he_o when_o ever_o be_v transport_v by_o madness_n drunkenness_n or_o sudden_a passion_n he_o have_v will_v so_o to_o do_v which_o how_o it_o can_v consist_v with_o that_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o propagate_a and_o preserve_v the_o species_n of_o mankind_n if_o a_o father_n shall_v have_v any_o unreasonable_a unlimited_a power_n i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o other_o reasonable_a man_n to_o consider_v nor_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o because_o a_o son_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v superior_a to_o his_o father_n he_o ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o resist_v he_o since_o tho'_o i_o grant_v punishment_n be_v a_o right_n of_o superior_n over_o their_o inferior_n m._n yet_o so_o be_v not_o resistance_n since_o every_o one_o know_v that_o resistance_n be_v exercise_v between_o equal_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v son_n be_v to_o their_o father_n in_o all_o the_o right_n of_o life_n and_o self-preservation_n and_o conseqent_o to_o judge_v when_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n be_v unjust_o invade_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o be_o in_o a_o great_a doubt_n which_o will_v most_o conduce_v to_o that_o great_a law_n you_o mention_v which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n viz._n of_o preserve_v or_o prosecute_n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o father_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a irresistible_a power_n over_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o their_o child_n let_v they_o use_v it_o how_o they_o will_v or_o else_o that_o child_n shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v they_o in_o some_o case_n when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o either_o of_o they_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n for_o tho'_o i_o own_o that_o if_o the_o former_a principle_n be_v true_a parent_n may_v be_v sometime_o tempt_v to_o take_v away_o their_o child_n life_n or_o estate_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o child_n shall_v assume_v such_o a_o power_n to_o themselves_o of_o judge_v when_o their_o father_n do_v thus_o go_v about_o to_o invade_v either_o their_o life_n or_o estate_n it_o will_v i_o doubt_v lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o horrid_a confusion_n and_o division_n in_o family_n since_o if_o child_n be_v under_o a_o constant_a subjection_n to_o their_o father_n they_o ought_v then_o to_o be_v absolute_o subject_a to_o they_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v for_o if_o all_o father_n and_o master_n of_o family_n be_v trust_v by_o god_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o the_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o family_n as_o yourself_o can_v deny_v than_o no_o resistance_n of_o this_o absolute_a power_n can_v subsist_v with_o the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o family_n without_o the_o diminution_n or_o total_a destruction_n of_o that_o absolute_a power_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v and_o tho'_o i_o admit_v that_o parent_n ought_v neither_o to_o use_v nor_o sell_v their_o child_n for_o slave_n not_o to_o take_v away_o either_o their_o life_n or_o good_n without_o great_a and_o sufficient_a cause_n yet_o of_o these_o cause_n father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v the_o only_a and_o uncontrollable_a judge_n since_o if_o child_n who_o i_o still_o consider_v as_o subject_n tho'_o not_o as_o slave_n in_o the_o state_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o father_n family_n shall_v once_o have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v when_o they_o think_v their_o life_n or_o estate_n be_v unjust_o invade_v they_o may_v also_o oftentimes_o through_o undutifulness_n or_o false_a suggestion_n pretend_v or_o suppose_v that_o their_o father_n be_v mad_a drink_v or_o in_o a_o passion_n and_o go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n when_o real_o they_o intend_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o only_o to_o give_v they_o due_a correction_n which_o will_v give_v child_n a_o unnatural_a power_n of_o resist_v or_o perhaps_o of_o kill_v their_o father_n upon_o false_a surmise_n or_o flight_n occasion_n and_o as_o
have_v already_o give_v you_o a_o example_n of_o the_o negro_n in_o africa_n and_o which_o of_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n be_v most_o likely_a to_o happen_v between_o child_n and_o parent_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n i_o shall_v leave_v be_v to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_v between_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a and_o peace_n of_o family_n and_o consequent_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o law_n that_o child_n shall_v be_v allow_v these_o right_n i_o have_v alâ—erdy_o lay_v down_o of_o assert_v this_o natural_a liberty_n from_o slavery_n and_o defend_v their_o life_n and_o those_o of_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n from_o the_o unjust_a violence_n of_o their_o father_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v whole_o at_o disposal_n to_o be_v maim_v kill_v or_o ruin_v when_o over_o this_o covetousness_n passion_n or_o malice_n may_v prompt_v they_o to_o it_o since_o if_o all_o father_n be_v satisfy_v that_o their_o child_n have_v a_o right_a thus_o to_o defend_v themselves_o in_o these_o case_n against_o their_o unjust_a violence_n it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o act_v more_o catious_o and_o to_o behave_v themselves_o with_o great_a tenderness_n and_o moderation_n towards_o they_o so_o than_o to_o conclude_v i_o utter_o deny_v that_o these_o principle_n i_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o do_v at_o all_o rend_v to_o countenance_v rebellion_n or_o raise_v disturbance_n in_o civil_a government_n since_o i_o can_v allow_v you_o have_v prove_v parent_n to_o be_v prince_n or_o monarch_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o that_o family_n and_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v all_o one_o or_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v they_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o every_o private_a subject_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n or_o that_o of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n against_o the_o violence_n or_o injustice_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o a_o son_n may_v have_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n etc._n etc._n against_o his_o father_n rage_n or_o violence_n since_o i_o grant_v no_o particular_a subject_n can_v contradict_v or_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o lawful_a magistrate_n however_o unjust_o exercise_v by_o force_n without_o disturb_v or_o at_o least_o endanger_v the_o quiet_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a community_n and_o perhaps_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o which_o be_v against_o the_o duty_n not_o only_o of_o a_o good_a subject_n but_o also_o of_o a_o honest_a moral_a man_n who_o will_v not_o disturb_v the_o public_a tranquillity_n for_o his_o own_o private_a security_n or_o revenge_n but_o in_o private_a family_n the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o and_o child_n may_v resist_v their_o father_n in_o the_o case_n already_o put_v without_o introduce_v either_o anarchy_n or_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o family_n since_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v presume_v that_o either_o their_o mother_n brother_n or_o sister_n will_v take_v part_n with_o a_o son_n or_o brother_n against_o their_o husband_n and_o father_n unless_o it_o beware_v that_o they_o may_v thereby_o hinder_v he_o from_o commit_v murder_n by_o defend_v their_o son_n or_o brother_n life_n when_o thus_o violent_o and_o without_o cause_n assault_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v sometime_o happen_v otherwise_o yet_o this_o will_v be_v a_o much_o less_o mischief_n then_o that_o out_o of_o this_o fear_n the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o a_o innocent_a wife_n and_o child_n shall_v suffer_v without_o cause_n by_o his_o drunkenness_n or_o passion_n but_o as_o for_o the_o resistance_n which_o son_n may_v make_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o when_o separate_v from_o their_o father_n family_n it_o be_v of_o a_o much_o large_a extent_n since_o they_o may_v then_o not_o only_o defend_v their_o own_o life_n but_o also_o those_o of_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n with_o their_o estate_n against_o their_o father_n unjust_a violence_n thò_fw-la i_o do_v here_o likewise_o restrain_v this_o self-defence_n only_o to_o case_n of_o actual_a invasion_n or_o asault_n of_o such_o father_n upon_o the_o life_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o child_n in_o which_o case_n i_o also_o absolute_o condemn_v all_o action_n and_o proceed_n do_v by_o way_n of_o prevention_n before_o such_o violence_n or_o assault_n be_v actual_o begin_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o they_o much_o less_o do_v i_o allow_v of_o any_o revenge_n or_o return_v of_o evil_n for_o evil_n by_o such_o child_n when_o the_o danger_n be_v over_o since_o however_o such_o revenge_n may_v be_v lawful_a between_o person_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n no_o way_n relate_v or_o oblige_v to_o each_o other_o yet_o do_v i_o by_o no_o mean_n allow_v the_o same_o privilege_n to_o child_n against_o their_o parent_n since_o i_o look_v upon_o the_o obligation_n they_o have_v to_o they_o to_o be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v never_o total_o be_v cancel_v tho'_o in_o those_o case_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o defence_n they_o may_v be_v suspend_v for_o a_o time_n as_o if_o i_o owe_v my_o life_n and_o all_o that_o i_o have_v to_o some_o great_a person_n who_o have_v either_o save_v the_o one_o or_o bestow_v the_o other_o upon_o i_o tho'_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o undutiful_a and_o ungratful_a too_o if_o upon_o his_o become_v my_o enemy_n tho'_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n i_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o return_v his_o injury_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o be_v i_o not_o therefore_o oblige_v to_o give_v up_o that_o life_n and_o estate_n he_o have_v before_o bestow_v upon_o i_o when_o ever_o he_o think_v fit_a without_o any_o just_a occasion_n to_o take_v they_o away_o and_o i_o be_o confident_a that_o resistance_n in_o these_o case_n and_o with_o these_o restriction_n do_v neither_o derogate_a from_o that_o gratitude_n and_o piety_n which_o child_n always_o ought_v to_o pay_v their_o father_n nor_o yet_o can_v tend_v to_o encourage_v either_o anarchy_n or_o rebellion_n since_o such_o son_n when_o once_o marry_v and_o be_v become_v master_n or_o head_n of_o family_n themselves_o they_o then_o cease_v to_o be_v under_o their_o father_n subjection_n as_o they_o be_v before_o though_o i_o confess_v they_o be_v always_o to_o honour_n and_o reverence_v he_o according_a to_o god_n command_v in_o all_o case_n when_o they_o will_v deal_v with_o they_o as_o father_n and_o not_o as_o enemy_n m._n i_o shall_v no_o long_o dispute_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n in_o child_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v since_o i_o see_v it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o argue_v long_o with_o you_o about_o it_o but_o this_o much_o i_o think_v be_v still_o true_a that_o all_o supreme_a power_n whatever_o can_v without_o rebellion_n and_o absolute_a dissolution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v risi_v by_o the_o subject_a so_o that_o if_o the_o government_n of_o father_n or_o head_n of_o family_n be_v supreme_a as_o you_o seem_v to_o grant_v that_o can_v be_v resist_v neither_o without_o bring_v all_o thing_n therein_o to_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v sir_n to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v that_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v the_o power_n of_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n to_o be_v any_o more_o than_o oeconomical_a and_o not_o civil_a power_n and_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o how_o resistance_n of_o such_o a_o power_n when_o violent_o and_o unjust_o exercise_v may_v be_v resist_v without_o any_o anarchy_n or_o confusion_n in_o the_o family_n but_o as_o for_o resistance_n of_o civil_a power_n in_o some_o case_n it_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v now_o mind_v the_o subject_a in_o hand_n and_o not_o pass_v off_o to_o any_o other_o till_o we_o have_v dispatch_v this_o so_o that_o i_o will_v rather_o if_o you_o have_v any_o fresh_a objection_n to_o make_v that_o you_o will_v now_o do_v it_o because_o it_o grow_v late_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v ingenious_o your_o argument_n have_v much_o sâ—aggered_v i_o since_o i_o see_v great_a inconvenience_n may_v happen_v on_o either_o side_n for_o if_o the_o father_n or_o master_n may_v be_v the_o sole_a judge_n when_o and_o how_o he_o may_v exercise_v this_o absolute_a power_n i_o grant_v all_o those_o mischief_n may_v sometime_o fall_v out_o which_o you_o have_v here_o set_v forth_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o child_n may_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o case_n those_o evil_n may_v often_o happen_v which_o i_o have_v already_o allege_v and_o therefore_o pray_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o be_o not_o too_o hasty_a in_o alter_v my_o opinion_n in_o
be_v not_o only_o without_o all_o ground_n of_o reason_n but_o above_o common_a apprehension_n m._n you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a speech_n in_o answer_n to_o my_o hypothesis_n which_o since_o you_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o i_o can_v likewise_o show_v you_o another_o very_a good_a reason_n why_o the_o people_n shall_v love_v and_o reverence_v their_o prince_n and_o that_o be_v those_o great_a liberty_n and_o concession_n that_o all_o the_o monarch_n of_o europe_n have_v grant_v their_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o past_a into_o the_o settle_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o kingdom_n with_o which_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o content_v nor_o ought_v they_o to_o rebel_n or_o resist_v though_o they_o may_v sometime_o out_o of_o wantonness_n and_o necessity_n infringe_v or_o entrench_v upon_o those_o privilege_n which_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o since_o they_o can_v never_o forseit_v that_o power_n they_o have_v original_o over_o they_o f._n i_o do_v not_o very_o well_o understand_v what_o you_o mean_v for_o i_o have_v hitherto_o suppose_v that_o all_o subject_n have_v a_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o a_o freedom_n for_o their_o person_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o no_o civil_a power_n whatever_o can_v deprive_v they_o of_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o that_o if_o child_n subject_n and_o slave_n be_v all_o one_o at_o the_o first_o how_o we_o in_o this_o side_n of_o the_o world_n come_v to_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o those_o in_o asia_n and_o africa_n or_o that_o we_o englishman_n can_v claim_v a_o property_n in_o our_o estate_n and_o a_o right_n to_o our_o life_n which_o the_o prince_n can_v take_v away_o but_o according_a to_o some_o know_a law_n m._n i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o do_v this_o not_o only_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n but_o any_o other_o kingdom_n which_o be_v now_o govern_v by_o know_a law_n and_o that_o upon_o sir_n r._n f_n hypothesis_n which_o i_o shall_v do_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v remember_v in_o the_o word_n of_o that_o excellent_a person_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n leviathan_n 70._o who_o supposeâ—_n according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n that_o some_o one_o of_o noah_n be_v descendant_n be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n at_o first_o over_o all_o his_o posterity_n which_o may_v continue_v in_o his_o line_n for_o some_o age_n till_o at_o last_o their_o relation_n by_o blood_n to_o their_o subject_n be_v remove_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n that_o the_o account_n of_o their_o kindred_n or_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o be_v scarce_o remember_v whereby_o they_o who_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n still_o express_v less_o paternal_a affection_n in_o their_o government_n look_v upon_o those_o they_o govern_v as_o mere_a subject_n and_o not_o as_o their_o kinsman_n or_o ally_n till_o by_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o exorbitant_a power_n they_o consider_v only_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n and_o what_o they_o may_v rather_o than_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v treat_v they_o who_o be_v under_o they_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o slave_n who_o have_v no_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o they_o permit_v they_o they_o will_v allow_v they_o to_o possess_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o take_v away_o estate_n they_o have_v none_o that_o they_o can_v call_v their_o own_o because_o when_o their_o prince_n call_v for_o they_o they_o be_v he_o their_o person_n be_v at_o his_o command_n when_o he_o have_v either_o occasion_n or_o appetite_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o their_o child_n inherit_v nothing_o but_o their_o father_n subjection_n so_o that_o they_o be_v happy_a or_o miserable_a as_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n over_o they_o please_v to_o exercise_v it_o with_o more_o or_o less_o rigour_n or_o indulgence_n yet_o they_o submit_v alike_o to_o both_o acknowledge_v his_o dominion_n to_o be_v natural_o as_o absolute_a as_o their_o subjection_n and_o obedience_n these_o prince_n may_v for_o some_o age_n have_v please_v themselves_o with_o this_o exorbitant_a exercise_n of_o their_o power_n which_o though_o it_o have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o yet_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o have_v be_v very_o moderate_a whilst_o there_o remain_v the_o tenderness_n or_o memory_n of_o any_o relation_n but_o these_o prince_n begin_v at_o least_o to_o discern_v and_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o great_a strength_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n degenerate_a into_o weakness_n and_o the_o riches_n they_o seem_v to_o enjoy_v will_v end_v in_o want_n and_o necessity_n as_o well_o in_o themselves_o as_o in_o their_o subject_n since_o no_o man_n will_v build_v a_o good_a house_n that_o his_o child_n can_v not_o inherit_v nor_o cultivate_v their_o land_n with_o any_o good_a husbandry_n and_o expense_n since_o the_o profit_n thereof_o may_v be_v give_v to_o another_o man_n and_o that_o if_o the_o subject_n do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o convenience_n of_o life_n they_o can_v not_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o help_n and_o affection_n whenever_o they_o shall_v have_v war_n with_o another_o prince_n as_o absolute_a as_o themselves_o but_o they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o he_o under_o who_o government_n they_o may_v live_v with_o great_a liberty_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o last_o that_o if_o they_o engross_v all_o the_o wealth_n and_o power_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n they_o shall_v find_v none_o who_o will_v defend_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o that_o subjection_n which_o love_n and_o duty_n pay_v and_o that_o which_o result_v only_o from_o fear_n and_o force_v since_o despair_v often_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o duty_n which_o reason_n and_o it_o may_v be_v conscience_n will_v otherwise_o have_v persuade_v they_o still_o to_o continue_v and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o subject_n shall_v find_v ease_n and_o profit_n in_o obey_v as_o well_o as_o king_n pleasure_n in_o command_v these_o wise_a and_o wholesome_a reflection_n may_v prevail_v with_o prince_n for_o their_o own_o as_o well_o as_o subject_n benefit_n to_o restrain_v their_o power_n and_o to_o make_v it_o less_o absolute_a that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o useful_a and_o to_o give_v their_o subject_n such_o a_o property_n in_o their_o good_n and_o land_n as_o shall_v not_o be_v invade_v but_o in_o such_o case_n and_o on_o such_o occasion_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o government_n real_o require_v but_o as_o they_o find_v the_o benefit_n arise_v from_o these_o condescension_n high_o tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o civility_n of_o their_o subject_n with_o all_o those_o addition_n of_o pleasure_n and_o industry_n which_o render_v man_n life_n as_o 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for_o who_o benefit_n it_o be_v entrust_v with_o he_o by_o god_n so_o far_o the_o late_a great_a chancellor_n and_o these_o privilege_n and_o condescension_n be_v once_o past_a into_o constant_a and_o stand_v â—aws_n by_o the_o prince_n that_o give_v they_o and_o also_o solemn_o swear_v to_o by_o their_o coronation_n oath_n do_v for_o the_o future_a bind_v not_o only_o those_o prince_n that_o grant_v they_o but_o also_o their_o successor_n to_o their_o observation_n and_o i_o then_o look_v upon_o they_o bind_v under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n not_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v they_o without_o very_o great_a necessity_n but_o however_o if_o they_o shall_v happen_v so_o to_o do_v since_o they_o be_v matter_n of_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n at_o the_o first_o and_o not_o of_o right_n the_o prince_n that_o thus_o transgress_v they_o be_v only_o accountable_a to_o god_n and_o punishable_a by_o he_o and_o not_o by_o
may_v by_o his_o mercenary_a force_n than_o that_o 30_o or_o 40000_o may_v defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o can_v for_o when_o once_o a_o prince_n have_v thus_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n with_o his_o people_n who_o can_v tell_v when_o or_o where_o it_o will_v end_v or_o can_v assure_v himself_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o next_o man_n that_o shall_v be_v destroy_v and_o it_o be_v very_o pleasant_a that_o you_o allow_v the_o prince_n this_o power_n of_o murder_v to_o avoid_v civil_a war_n as_o if_o there_o can_v be_v no_o war_n begin_v unless_o there_o be_v fight_v on_o both_o side_n whereas_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o acknowledge_v the_o very_a assault_a or_o set_v upon_o any_o man_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n with_o he_o and_o sure_o i_o think_v to_o fall_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o cause_n and_o kill_v 30_o or_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n or_o else_o nothing_o be_v and_o therefore_o you_o mistake_v the_o question_n when_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o indivisibility_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o here_o whether_o it_o be_v divisible_a or_o not_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o dissolve_v by_o thus_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n with_o the_o people_n who_o all_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v suppose_v to_o protect_v when_o they_o assume_v the_o government_n nor_o do_v this_o give_v any_o countenance_n to_o male_a factor_n or_o other_o single_a person_n to_o rise_v in_o arm_n and_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o supreme_a power_n when_o they_o have_v offend_v against_o the_o law_n or_o that_o they_o think_v themselves_o injure_v by_o the_o undile_n execution_n of_o they_o since_o such_o abuse_n of_o power_n can_v sudden_o or_o upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n disturb_v the_o government_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o malefactor_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v still_o sure_a to_o have_v all_o the_o people_n on_o its_o side_n for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o in_o case_n of_o some_o murder_n or_o oppression_n commit_v by_o such_o supreme_a magistrate_n on_o the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o some_o private_a person_n though_o i_o suppose_v that_o even_o such_o private_a man_n have_v a_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o defend_v their_o life_n and_o to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o by_o unjust_a force_n be_v take_v from_o they_o yet_o this_o right_n must_v still_o give_v place_n to_o the_o public_a place_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n which_o must_v not_o be_v disturb_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o few_o and_o of_o this_o the_o people_n themselves_o be_v so_o sensible_a that_o it_o be_v almost_o as_o impossible_a 429._o for_o a_o few_o oppress_a man_n to_o disturb_v the_o government_n where_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n do_v not_o think_v themselves_o concern_v to_o it_o as_o for_o a_o raâ—ing_a madman_n or_o heady_a malcontent_n to_o overturn_v a_o well_o settle_v staâ—e_v the_o people_n be_v as_o little_a aâ—t_n to_o follow_v the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o over_o the_o people_n be_v once_o convince_v that_o their_o governor_n instead_o of_o protect_v go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o persuade_v they_o not_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o defend_v themselves_o against_o they_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v sufficient_a resistance_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o some_o oppression_n and_o violence_n may_v be_v practise_v in_o all_o civil_a government_n whatsoever_o since_o such_o abuse_n will_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o man_n be_v man_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o supreme_a power_n must_v always_o be_v bear_v withal_o and_o never_o resist_v no_o not_o when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o be_v it_o not_o a_o very_a mischievous_a and_o unjust_a thing_n that_o subject_n shall_v be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n too_o in_o their_o own_o case_n since_o they_o may_v pretend_v that_o the_o king_n go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o when_o real_o he_o do_v not_o design_n any_o such_o thing_n and_o will_v not_o this_o bring_v all_o thing_n into_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n i_o show_v you_o the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o this_o at_o the_o beginning_n but_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o think_v fit_a to_o answer_v they_o f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n sir_n i_o have_v be_v so_o take_v up_o with_o answer_v the_o main_a argument_n that_o you_o have_v propose_v against_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n that_o i_o have_v not_o have_v time_n to_o consider_v this_o objection_n which_o be_v but_o a_o consequence_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n suppose_v you_o be_v master_n of_o a_o separate_a family_n in_o the_o indies_n and_o a_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o cacich_a of_o the_o indian_n shall_v come_v to_o kill_v you_o or_o to_o drive_v you_o out_o of_o your_o plantation_n may_v you_o not_o defend_v yourself_o because_o you_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n too_o in_o your_o own_o case_n or_o suppose_v you_o shall_v so_o far_o abuse_v this_o power_n of_o self_n defence_n as_o to_o pretend_v this_o neighbour_a prince_n be_v come_v to_o assault_v you_o when_o he_o rea_o be_v nor_o and_o shall_v therefore_o to_o prevent_v it_o set_v upon_o he_o first_o and_o murder_v he_o and_o his_o follower_n must_v your_o abuse_n of_o this_o right_n which_o you_o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o neither_o you_o nor_o any_o man_n else_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nation_n shall_v ever_o for_o the_o future_a exercise_n this_o right_n no_o more_o will_v the_o abuse_n of_o either_o of_o these_o beâ—_n sufficient_a argument_n against_o the_o right_n of_o self-defence_n against_o the_o supreme_a power_n m._n i_o grant_v indeed_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o after_o people_n be_v enter_v into_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o upon_o your_o own_o principle_n for_o than_o they_o have_v give_v up_o all_o that_o equality_n which_o you_o suppose_v between_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o suppose_v what_o you_o affirm_v shall_v be_v true_a that_o civil_a government_n at_o first_o begin_v from_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n make_v over_o all_o their_o right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o to_o one_o person_n or_o more_o upon_o condition_n of_o be_v protect_v in_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n they_o must_v likewise_o make_v over_o all_o their_o right_n of_o judge_v for_o themselves_o what_o mean_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n after_o which_o transfer_v of_o their_o power_n they_o can_v never_o have_v any_o right_a to_o meet_v again_o in_o a_o body_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n to_o judge_n of_o these_o breach_n or_o the_o transgression_n of_o those_o condition_n which_o they_o at_o first_o propose_v and_o agree_v upon_o with_o such_o prince_n or_o governor_n and_o when_o the_o people_n come_v once_o to_o multiply_v into_o a_o nation_n it_o in_o absolute_o impossible_a for_o they_o ever_o to_o meet_v altogether_o again_o and_o give_v their_o judgement_n of_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a consequence_n of_o the_o monarch_n action_n or_o to_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n upon_o they_o so_o that_o their_o opinion_n can_v never_o afterward_o be_v know_v otherwise_o than_o by_o the_o murmur_n of_o particular_a person_n which_o none_o can_v certain_o know_v neither_o unless_o they_o can_v speak_v with_o every_o individual_a person_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o be_v impossible_a but_o if_o you_o will_v say_v this_o oppression_n need_v not_o to_o be_v know_v by_o word_n or_o vote_n but_o action_n viz._n by_o the_o people_n actual_a take_v up_o arm_n '_o this_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o whole_a people_n altogether_o at_o once_o or_o at_o least_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o or_o else_o of_o some_o particular_a body_n of_o man_n much_o less_o than_o the_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n now_o the_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n of_o a_o people_n of_o a_o nation_n to_o rise_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n all_o at_o once_o aâ—_n one_o man_n be_v moral_o impossible_a and_o if_o any_o part_n less_o than_o this_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n as_o suppose_v a_o whole_a province_n or_o city_n every_o such_o party_n or_o body_n of_o man_n so_o rise_v must_v be_v guilty_a of_o rebellion_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o be_v
but_o private_a single_a person_n which_o you_o yourself_o grant_v and_o condemn_v as_o unlawful_a and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v who_o shall_v judge_v when_o this_o body_n or_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v thus_o assault_v so_o that_o they_o may_v just_o defend_v themselves_o but_o indeed_o this_o licence_n of_o take_v up_o arm_n be_v not_o only_o unpracticable_a but_o unreasonable_a too_o for_o it_o suppose_v that_o after_o the_o people_n have_v give_v up_o all_o the_o power_n they_o have_v of_o judge_v what_o be_v bad_a or_o good_a for_o the_o public_a they_o have_v this_o power_n still_o leave_v in_o they_o which_o will_v make_v they_o at_o once_o both_o subject_n and_o sovereign_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n f._n have_v you_o be_v please_v but_o better_a to_o have_v observe_v what_o i_o say_v the_o last_o time_n i_o speak_v a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o objection_n have_v be_v save_v for_o i_o there_o express_o assert_v that_o the_o security_n of_o man_n life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o man_n enter_v at_o first_o into_o civil_a society_n and_o likewise_o desire_v to_o continue_v in_o it_o as_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n why_o civil_a government_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n the_o people_n neither_o do_v nor_o can_v give_v up_o their_o right_n of_o judge_v when_o these_o be_v invade_v or_o take_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o believe_v that_o at_o the_o institution_n of_o civil_a society_n man_n must_v have_v give_v up_o their_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n too_o of_o judge_v when_o they_o be_v like_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o make_v slave_n of_o or_o their_o fortune_n unjust_o take_v from_o they_o by_o those_o who_o they_o have_v ordain_v to_o be_v their_o governor_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o say_v that_o they_o thereby_o acquire_v a_o power_n of_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n or_o of_o make_v war_n slavery_n or_o beggary_n the_o mean_n of_o procure_v the_o welfare_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o people_n any_o more_o than_o they_o can_v enact_v that_o hunger_n or_o disease_n shall_v conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o any_o man_n life_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judgement_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v obvious_a and_o natural_a to_o every_o man_n sense_n and_o understanding_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n so_o it_o be_v as_o plain_a they_o never_o intend_v whole_o to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o right_n of_o judge_v concern_v their_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o all_o mean_n necessary_o tend_v thereunto_o but_o only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o concern_v such_o matter_n as_o be_v beyond_o the_o power_n or_o above_o the_o knowledge_n of_o every_o ordinary_a private_a subject_n thus_o in_o a_o disease_n though_o i_o give_v up_o myself_o to_o the_o skill_n and_o judgement_n of_o a_o physician_n yet_o i_o do_v it_o not_o so_o absolute_o but_o that_o i_o still_o reserve_v to_o myself_o a_o right_n of_o judge_v whether_o he_o give_v i_o poison_n instead_o of_o a_o purge_n and_o if_o prince_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n be_v thus_o absolute_o invest_v with_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o do_v whatsoever_o they_o please_v with_o the_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n they_o will_v then_o be_v in_o a_o much_o worse_a condition_n under_o civil_a government_n than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o such_o general_a meeting_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n to_o judge_v when_o these_o fundamental_a condition_n of_o all_o government_n be_v notorious_o violate_v and_o break_v since_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a to_o every_o man_n sense_n and_o reason_n that_o be_v thus_o assault_v or_o injure_v and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o your_o objection_n how_o the_o people_n can_v know_v when_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o major_a part_n of_o they_o be_v thus_o assault_v or_o oppress_v and_o be_v so_o assault_v or_o oppress_v what_o number_n be_v necessary_a to_o justify_v this_o resistance_n to_o this_o important_a question_n i_o thus_o answer_v that_o if_o such_o a_o war_n or_o assault_n be_v make_v upon_o such_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o people_n as_o may_v justify_v their_o resistance_n to_o be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o that_o so_o many_o people_n shall_v be_v destroy_v resistance_n certain_o be_v then_o lawful_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o every_o particular_a person_n when_o unjust_o assault_v by_o his_o prince_n order_n or_o his_o estate_n take_v away_o by_o his_o unjust_a edict_n or_o decree_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v any_o public_a disturbance_n only_o to_o save_v the_o one_o or_o recover_v the_o other_o i_o have_v give_v you_o before_o viz._n because_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o of_o any_o private_a person_n yet_o even_o then_o such_o a_o private_a person_n may_v very_o well_o defend_v himself_o if_o unjust_o assault_v by_o assassinate_v who_o the_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n shall_v send_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n or_o legal_a trial_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o may_v not_o solicit_v other_o to_o rise_v with_o he_o and_o take_v his_o part_n or_o help_v he_o to_o defend_v his_o life_n or_o estate_n yet_o as_o a_o reverend_a dignitary_n of_o our_o church_n very_o well_o observe_v 59_o no_o man_n can_v want_v authority_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o but_o much_o more_o when_o this_o assault_n or_o oppression_n be_v either_o make_v upon_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o general_n or_o upon_o so_o considerable_a a_o part_n or_o member_n thereof_o as_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v not_o well_o subsist_v without_o if_o it_o be_v destroy_v in_o all_o such_o case_n i_o suppose_v the_o people_n thus_o assault_v or_o oppress_v have_v a_o sufficient_a right_o to_o defend_v their_o life_n and_o free_v themselves_o from_o that_o slavery_n and_o oppression_n they_o lie_v under_o and_o thus_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v very_o well_o have_v justify_v their_o resistance_n of_o nero_n incendiary_n when_o he_o send_v to_o burn_v the_o city_n though_o they_o have_v be_v his_o own_o guard_n we_o read_v likewise_o in_o the_o hist._n august_n that_o the_o emperor_n caracalla_n the_o people_n happen_v to_o laugh_v at_o he_o for_o his_o folly_n in_o play_v the_o gladiator_n in_o his_o circus_n maximus_n send_v his_o guard_n to_o kill_v they_o so_o likewise_o in_o herodian_a that_o upon_o another_o suppose_a affront_n he_o send_v his_o praetorian_a band_n to_o murder_n most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o alexandria_n who_o come_v out_o to_o meet_v he_o with_o a_o solemn_a procession_n and_o i_o suppose_v no_o rational_a man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o if_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n or_o alexandria_n have_v have_v arm_n in_o their_o hand_n they_o may_v have_v lawful_o defend_v their_o life_n against_o these_o murder_v guard_n for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o better_a that_o those_o shall_v be_v destroy_v who_o be_v the_o aggressor_n than_o that_o so_o vast_a a_o body_n of_o innocent_a people_n shall_v be_v make_v sacrifice_n to_o the_o undreasonable_a passion_n or_o revenge_n of_o a_o cruel_a tyrant_n so_o that_o when_o the_o oppression_n or_o violence_n to_o man_n liberty_n and_o property_n be_v general_a and_o notorious_a and_o affect_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n i_o do_v then_o suppose_v that_o any_o part_n of_o they_o that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v themselves_o may_v do_v it_o till_o they_o can_v find_v assistance_n either_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n or_o else_o from_o some_o foreign_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o will_v vindicate_v their_o cause_n and_o come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o thus_o we_o read_v the_o town_n of_o brill_n in_o zealand_n histor_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o count_n of_o mark_n first_o revolt_v from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n which_o example_n be_v afterward_o though_o not_o immediate_o follow_v by_o most_o of_o the_o city_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o the_o courage_n and_o resolution_n of_o this_o count_n as_o also_o of_o the_o citizen_n of_o this_o town_n be_v high_o commend_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n for_o so_o noble_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o â—â—diem_n their_o coâ—utry_n from_o that_o slavery_n it_o then_o lay_v under_o till_o at_o last_o they_o be_v relieve_v and_o assist_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o who_o the_o unite_a province_n owe_v that_o freedom_n they_o now_o enjoy_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v with_o
to_o defend_v their_o own_o life_n or_o a_o property_n in_o any_o thing_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o if_o ever_o they_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v that_o such_o a_o nation_n be_v not_o subject_n but_o slave_n and_o the_o prince_n not_o a_o monarch_n or_o civil_a governor_n but_o only_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o great_a family_n or_o master_n of_o a_o public_a workhouse_n for_o i_o take_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o subject_n or_o slave_n and_o prince_n and_o master_n of_o family_n to_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v chief_o ordain_v for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o grant_v his_o own_o may_v likewise_o be_v include_v in_o it_o as_o a_o encouragement_n and_o reward_v for_o his_o labour_n yet_o not_o as_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o his_o institution_n whereas_o in_o a_o family_n of_o slave_n they_o be_v chief_o ordain_v for_o his_o profit_n or_o benefit_n that_o maintain_v they_o but_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n be_v only_o accidental_a and_o as_o it_o may_v conduce_v to_o that_o the_o main_a end_n also_o of_o civil_a government_n be_v to_o institute_v and_o maintain_v a_o distinct_a property_n in_o man_n estate_n and_o which_o the_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v have_v no_o right_a to_o take_v away_o and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o in_o those_o despotic_a monarchy_n you_o mention_v the_o monarch_n do_v exercise_v a_o absolute_a arbitrary_a power_n over_o the_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n yet_o that_o this_o be_v by_o divine_a right_n or_o institution_n i_o utter_o deny_v or_o that_o it_o be_v always_o so_o in_o all_o of_o they_o from_o the_o beginning_n for_o most_o of_o those_o empire_n you_o mention_v can_v no_o otherwise_o subsist_v than_o by_o a_o constant_a maintain_v vast_a stand_a army_n or_o guard_n to_o keep_v their_o subject_n in_o obedience_n nor_o can_v any_o government_n be_v of_o divine_a institution_n which_o be_v exercise_v with_o a_o sole_a respect_n to_o the_o personal_a power_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o prince_n rather_o than_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o people_n so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v but_o survey_v the_o account_n that_o traveller_n give_v we_o of_o those_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v no_o know_v settle_v law_n or_o property_n in_o those_o country_n except_o at_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o the_o monarch_n or_o his_o viceroy_n and_o thus_o all_o those_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a country_n of_o egypt_n and_o asia_n which_o former_o flourish_v in_o all_o art_n knowledge_n and_o civility_n and_o abound_v in_o multitude_n of_o people_n be_v now_o in_o most_o place_n reduce_v to_o mere_a desert_n and_o do_v not_o breed_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o that_o number_n of_o people_n as_o they_o do_v in_o former_a age_n which_o proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o the_o cruelty_n and_o injustice_n of_o the_o government_n quite_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n who_o though_o i_o confess_v they_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n absolute_a too_o yet_o govern_v by_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v know_v law_n and_o the_o people_n have_v a_o settle_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n which_o the_o prince_n have_v no_o right_a to_o take_v away_o i_o shall_v not_o inquire_v how_o all_o these_o monarch_n come_v to_o be_v so_o arbitrary_a at_o first_o and_o thus_o to_o abuse_v their_o power_n but_o the_o generality_n or_o antiquity_n of_o this_o abuse_n can_v be_v no_o more_o a_o plea_n for_o its_o right_n than_o that_o because_o idolatry_n be_v general_o practise_v throughout_o the_o world_n within_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n till_o three_o or_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n therefore_o idolatry_n be_v the_o true_a and_o ancient_a religion_n of_o the_o world_n now_o though_o i_o will_v not_o condemn_v this_o sort_n of_o government_n where_o the_o subject_n enjoy_v no_o settle_a property_n in_o land_n or_o good_n as_o absolute_o unlawful_a and_o direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n yet_o in_o those_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n where_o civil_a or_o hereditary_a property_n be_v once_o introduce_v i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o lawful_a nor_o indeed_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n to_o destroy_v or_o take_v it_o away_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o roman_a emperor_n shall_v have_v endeavour_v by_o any_o law_n or_o edict_n of_o their_o own_o make_v to_o have_v destroy_v all_o civil_a or_o hereditary_a property_n in_o land_n and_o good_n and_o to_o have_v reduce_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n into_o their_o own_o possession_n i_o think_v they_o may_v have_v be_v lawful_o disobey_v and_o resist_v by_o the_o people_n since_o they_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v one_o great_a end_n of_o civil_a government_n viz._n the_o institute_n and_o maintain_v of_o civil_a property_n to_o conclude_v i_o free_o grant_v that_o in_o all_o country_n which_o be_v govern_v either_o by_o absolute_a monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n the_o sovereignty_n be_v so_o full_o in_o one_o person_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o it_o have_v no_o other_o bound_n or_o limit_n under_o god_n but_o it_o be_v own_o will_n or_o command_v provide_v they_o do_v not_o apparent_o tend_v to_o the_o absolute_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o people_n for_o that_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o notion_n or_o end_v of_o govern_v they_o they_o be_v and_o ever_o will_v be_v judge_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o even_o among_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v once_o find_v their_o prince_n go_v about_o wilful_o to_o destroy_v they_o or_o sell_v they_o for_o slave_n you_o will_v soon_o find_v notwithstanding_o this_o servile_a subjection_n that_o they_o will_v quick_o be_v rid_v of_o they_o as_o the_o janissary_n have_v serve_v their_o emperor_n of_o late_a year_n for_o far_o less_o fault_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v speak_v reasonable_o enough_o on_o this_o subject_a and_o perhaps_o if_o you_o have_v restrain_v this_o power_n of_o resistance_n only_o to_o such_o case_n where_o the_o prince_n or_o monarch_n make_v open_a war_n upon_o his_o people_n or_o do_v otherwise_o actual_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o it_o may_v have_v be_v a_o tolerable_a doctrine_n that_o they_o may_v lawful_o resist_v the_o force_n he_o shall_v send_v against_o they_o but_o this_o be_v a_o case_n that_o so_o seldom_o happen_v if_o ever_o at_o all_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v and_o no_o prince_n unless_o he_o be_v mad_a can_v be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o therefore_o when_o ever_o he_o act_v thus_o i_o think_v he_o may_v not_o only_o be_v lawful_o resist_v but_o tie_v up_o for_o a_o madman_n but_o this_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o the_o case_n between_o monarch_n and_o their_o people_n for_o most_o of_o the_o rebellion_n and_o insurrection_n that_o i_o have_v ever_o read_v of_o or_o observe_v in_o the_o world_n have_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o necessity_n that_o the_o people_n have_v to_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o rebel_n against_o their_o supreme_a magistrate_n because_o their_o life_n or_o estate_n be_v assault_v or_o in_o danger_n to_o be_v take_v away_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o too_o great_a cruelty_n or_o severity_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n towards_o some_o particular_a private_a man_n who_o by_o themselves_o and_o their_o friend_n and_o relation_n have_v go_v about_o to_o revenge_v those_o injury_n that_o they_o suppose_v have_v be_v do_v they_o and_o of_o this_o all_o history_n be_v to_o full_a that_o i_o need_v give_v no_o particular_a instance_n of_o they_o all_o which_o abuse_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n first_o when_o a_o prince_n do_v common_o himself_o violate_v the_o chastity_n of_o the_o wife_n or_o daughter_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o though_o it_o have_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a prince_n yet_o be_v he_o able_a to_o do_v this_o only_a to_o some_o few_o particular_a person_n and_o though_o if_o he_o shall_v permit_v his_o soldier_n or_o officer_n general_o to_o do_v this_o without_o any_o punishment_n yet_o even_o this_o can_v hardly_o if_o ever_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o wife_n daughter_n or_o woman_n in_o a_o whole_a country_n and_o therefore_o both_o these_o case_n be_v to_o be_v bear_v withal_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n since_o it_o do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o slavery_n or_o destruction_n of_o the_o people_n i_o mean_v as_o to_o their_o whole_a complexed_a body_n a_o second_o be_v when_o a_o absolute_a prince_n or_o monarch_n go_v about_o to_o alter_v the_o
man_n may_v have_v proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o right_n or_o possession_n but_o from_o the_o assignment_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o estate_n which_o such_o particular_a man_n enjoy_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o the_o mere_a grace_n or_o favour_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n since_o most_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o in_o this_o conquest_n or_o expedition_n do_v it_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o volunteer_n and_o without_o who_o assistance_n he_o can_v never_o have_v conquer_a at_o all_o so_o that_o they_o have_v thereby_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o certain_a portion_n or_o share_v in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_a though_o for_o avoid_v dissension_n and_o quarrel_n among_o they_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o this_o new_a prince_n as_o a_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v to_o each_o person_n what_o share_n he_o shall_v have_v but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n before_o free_a and_o possess_v of_o hereditary_a estate_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n voluntary_o or_o by_o election_n those_o estate_n do_v much_o less_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n or_o favour_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v without_o their_o consent_n go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n he_o may_v very_o just_o be_v resist_v by_o they_o since_o a_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o these_o in_o peace_n and_o safety_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a reason_n that_o make_v they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n and_o be_v certain_o one_o of_o the_o original_a compact_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n where_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o slave_n they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o have_v such_o a_o settle_a property_n in_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n by_o compact_a that_o seneca_n bold_o pronounce_v errat_fw-la siquis_fw-la existimat_fw-la sutum_fw-la â—sse_fw-la ibi_fw-la râ—gem_fw-la ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la à _fw-la regetutum_fw-la est_fw-la securitas_fw-la securitate_fw-la mutua_fw-la paciscenda_fw-la est_fw-la and_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o as_o much_o a_o friend_n as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o monarch_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o subject_n yet_o be_v force_v in_o his_o leviathan_n to_o confess_v that_o the_o riches_n power_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o monarch_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o riches_n strength_n and_o reputation_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o no_o king_n can_v be_v rich_a 96._o nor_o glorious_a nor_o secure_a who_o subject_n be_v â—â—â—her_o poor_a or_o contemptible_a though_o how_o this_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o subject_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o absolute_a power_n which_o he_o give_v his_o sovereign_n over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o can_v understand_v since_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n or_o condition_n between_o he_o and_o they_o but_o that_o their_o propriety_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n seneca_n show_v we_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la say_v he_o omniâ—_n râ—gis_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la illa_fw-la quorum_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la universa_fw-la possessio_fw-la in_o singulos_fw-la dominos_fw-la descripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o unaquaeque_fw-la res_fw-la habet_fw-la possessorem_fw-la suum_fw-la itaque_fw-la dare_v regi_fw-la &_o donum_fw-la &_o mancipium_fw-la &_o pecuniam_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la donare_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la dicimur_fw-la ad_fw-la reges_fw-la enim_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la and_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n make_v this_o excellent_a remark_n upon_o this_o passage_n of_o seneca_n 24._o and_o that_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o power_n so_o greâ—â—_n that_o his_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o give_v he_o will_v be_v very_o unhappy_a if_o he_o have_v evern_n nâ—ed_v of_o their_o hand_n or_o their_o heart_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o universal_a power_n or_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n over_o all_o thing_n which_o seneca_n there_o suppose_v yet_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o have_v invade_v all_o man_n property_n and_o reduce_v all_o man_n estate_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v have_v not_o only_o his_o own_o legion_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n about_o his_o ear_n and_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v by_o his_o exâ—roitant_a tax_n and_o gabel_n raise_v more_o mâ—ney_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o the_o territory_n annex_v to_o it_o than_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n do_v out_o of_o that_o vast_a empire_n of_o which_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a propriety_n of_o the_o land_n in_o himself_o yet_o if_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v endeavour_v by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o stand_a army_n to_o take_v away_o all_o man_n hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o make_v they_o all_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o will_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v not_o only_o be_v oppose_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o perhaps_o ruin_v in_o the_o attempt_n but_o also_o if_o he_o shall_v succeed_v in_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o rich_a or_o more_o powerful_a that_o he_o will_v become_v the_o poor_a and_o weak_a when_o he_o have_v do_v since_o no_o man_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o build_v till_o or_o improve_v their_o estate_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o turkey_n when_o they_o be_v not_o sure_a 〈◊〉_d soon_o they_o may_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o or_o at_o least_o can_v hold_v they_o no_o long_o than_o for_o their_o life_n or_o a_o few_o year_n so_o prevalent_a a_o thing_n be_v this_o empty_a shadow_n and_o bare_a name_n of_o property_n that_o be_v now_o leave_v in_o france_n be_v often_o charge_v with_o 〈◊〉_d to_o above_o half_a the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n to_o encourage_v the_o people_n to_o beautify_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v a_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o those_o riches_n that_o nature_n or_o art_n can_v produce_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o partial_a i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o thou_o high_o improbable_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n shall_v so_o far_o abuse_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o as_o to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v thereupon_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v all_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n resist_v the_o king_n if_o he_o go_v to_o do_v it_o by_o force_n notwithstanding_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o my_o reason_n it_o that_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v a_o ancient_n if_o not_o more_o than_o parliament_n themselves_o in_o this_o nation_n must_v consequent_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o its_o representative_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v think_v 〈◊〉_d yet_o do_v they_o not_o make_v it_o absolute_a to_o extend_v either_o to_o their_o liberty_n i_o mean_v in_o respect_n of_o slavery_n or_o their_o whole_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v be_v resist_v if_o he_o invade_v they_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n the_o reason_n will_v be_v the_o same_o why_o he_o may_v be_v also_o resist_v though_o back_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o taâ—â—ing_n away_o of_o civil_a property_n will_v prove_v as_o destructive_a to_o the_o peopleâ—_n liberty_n and_o happiness_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o as_o great_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v 〈◊〉_d they_o that_o be_v design_v to_o protect_v it_o m._n i_o can_v except_v against_o your_o distinction_n between_o those_o government_n where_o a_o property_n in_o estate_n do_v precede_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n it_o sell_v for_o there_o i_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o those_o monarchy_n that_o have_v begin_v by_o conquest_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n or_o absolute_a prince_n over_o a_o army_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o that_o case_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o foreign_a nation_n not_o only_o the_o prey_n or_o good_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o also_o their_o estate_n be_v
endure_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o personal_a fault_n or_o fail_n of_o prince_n in_o consideration_n of_o that_o protection_n and_o security_n in_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n which_o they_o do_v enjoy_v under_o they_o since_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n with_o how_o great_a a_o slaughter_n of_o people_n and_o how_o great_a a_o confusion_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n evil_a prince_n have_v be_v resist_v or_o turn_v out_o of_o their_o throne_n and_o therefore_o i_o grant_v the_o private_a injury_n of_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v pass_v over_o in_o consideration_n of_o that_o great_a charge_n they_o undergo_v and_o for_o those_o great_a benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o their_o government_n but_o chief_o for_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o civil_a society_n and_o therefore_o i_o own_v it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o that_o master_n in_o politic_n tacitus_n that_o the_o ill_a humour_n or_o disposition_n of_o king_n be_v to_o be_v bear_v withal_o and_o that_o often_o mutation_n of_o government_n be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o he_o wise_o introduce_v ceriale_n speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n to_o the_o rebellious_a treveri_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o bear_v with_o the_o luxury_n and_o avarice_n of_o ruler_n as_o they_o do_v with_o immoderate_a shower_n and_o other_o unnatural_a evil_n since_o there_o will_v be_v vice_n whilst_o there_o be_v man_n yet_o neither_o be_v these_o continual_a but_o be_v often_o recompense_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o better_a but_o i_o will_v now_o particularize_v those_o case_n wherein_o i_o do_v absolute_o disallow_v and_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n in_o subject_n against_o the_o supreme_a power_n 1._o i_o deny_v all_o resistance_n to_o subject_n against_o their_o prince_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n in_o all_o such_o action_n or_o prerogative_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o supreme_a power_n viz._n of_o protect_v and_o defend_v their_o people_n as_o also_o against_o those_o who_o be_v commission_v by_o they_o for_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o power_n 2._o i_o condemn_v all_o rebellion_n against_o prince_n or_o state_n mere_o on_o the_o score_n of_o religion_n or_o because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o their_o people_n or_o subject_n if_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n extant_a disable_n or_o forbid_v prince_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o different_a religion_n than_o that_o of_o their_o people_n from_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o throne_n or_o government_n 3._o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o rebellion_n in_o the_o people_n tumultuous_o to_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n to_o alter_v or_o reform_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n already_o establish_v by_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o legislator_n 4._o i_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n or_o self-defence_n in_o subject_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o free_a or_o public_a exercise_n of_o that_o religion_n they_o profess_v be_v not_o allow_v they_o by_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n provide_v that_o such_o supreme_a power_n do_v not_o forbid_v or_o hinder_v the_o people_n profess_v such_o a_o different_a religion_n to_o sell_v or_o transport_v their_o estate_n and_o person_n into_o any_o other_o country_n where_o they_o please_v 5._o i_o deny_v resistance_n to_o subject_n against_o their_o prince_n or_o governor_n upon_o pretence_n of_o any_o personal_a vice_n as_o because_o they_o be_v wicked_a atheistical_a cruel_a lustful_a or_o debauch_v provide_v they_o general_o protect_v their_o subject_n in_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o property_n 6._o i_o deny_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n to_o any_o particular_a person_n less_o than_o the_o whâ—le_a body_n or_o major_a part_n of_o the_o people_n or_o at_o least_o such_o a_o considerable_a portion_n of_o a_o nation_n as_o be_v able_a when_o assault_v or_o oppress_v in_o their_o life_n liberty_n or_o estate_n to_o constitute_v a_o distinct_a and_o entire_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n of_o themselves_o 7._o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o wicked_a and_o rebellious_a for_o any_o private_a subject_n to_o assassinate_n murder_n or_o imprison_v their_o monarch_n or_o other_o supreme_a governor_n since_o no_o private_a person_n whatever_o ought_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o his_o prince_n who_o person_n ought_v to_o be_v sacred_a and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v violate_v unless_o he_o put_v off_o the_o character_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o actual_o make_v war_n upon_o his_o people_n but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n he_o happen_v to_o be_v resist_v and_o perish_v in_o the_o attempt_n he_o fall_v not_o as_o a_o prince_n but_o as_o a_o common_a enemy_n by_o break_v the_o original_a compact_n with_o his_o people_n and_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o they_o as_o a_o father_n who_o unjust_o make_v war_n upon_o his_o child_n may_v be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o first_o conference_n resist_v by_o they_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o as_o for_o all_o other_o grievance_n or_o oppression_n if_o they_o be_v of_o that_o nature_n as_o may_v ruin_n the_o whole_a commonwealth_n yet_o not_o sudden_o but_o after_o some_o time_n and_o often_o repeat_v i_o can_v allow_v such_o grievance_n or_o oppression_n as_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o resistance_n for_o as_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n there_o be_v no_o inconvenience_n so_o small_a but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o may_v turn_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o it_o be_v often_o repeat_v and_o excessive_o multiplieâ—_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n length_n of_o time_n produce_v so_o great_a change_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o encroachment_n or_o injury_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v resistance_n and_o the_o breach_n of_o that_o peace_n and_o unity_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n which_o must_v necessary_o follow_v by_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war._n to_o conclude_v i_o do_v not_o in_o any_o case_n whatever_o allow_v of_o resistance_n but_o only_o in_o these_o three_o necessary_a one_o when_o the_o life_n liberty_n or_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v either_o actual_o invade_v or_o else_o take_v away_o and_o when_o they_o be_v reduce_v into_o so_o bad_a a_o condition_n that_o a_o state_n of_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o such_o a_o peace_n aâ—d_v when_o the_o end_n of_o civil_a government_n be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v obtain_v by_o it_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o dissolve_v m._n though_o you_o have_v be_v pretty_a long_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o matter_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o tedious_a since_o i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o honest_o enough_o and_o so_o far_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o all_o those_o case_n wherein_o you_o say_v it_o be_v unlawful_a for_o subject_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n or_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n but_o i_o wonder_v you_o have_v not_o add_v one_o case_n more_o which_o diverse_a author_n that_o be_v high_a enough_o against_o nonresistance_n in_o other_o thing_n do_v yet_o allow_v to_o be_v a_o sufficieâ—s_n cause_n of_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o resist_v their_o prince_n and_o that_o be_v when_o he_o actual_o have_v or_o go_v about_o to_o alienate_v or_o make_v over_o his_o dominion_n and_o subject_n to_o some_o foreign_a prince_n or_o state_n f._n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o i_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a speak_a ot_fw-mi because_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n which_o we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o if_o such_o kingdom_n be_v patrimonial_a and_o that_o the_o monarch_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o his_o subject_n as_o neither_o to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v any_o liberty_n in_o their_o person_n nor_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n but_o at_o his_o pleasure_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o such_o a_o prince_n may_v not_o alienate_v his_o dominion_n over_o such_o a_o kingdom_n and_o people_n as_o well_o as_o any_o private-man_n may_v his_o property_n in_o his_o estate_n nor_o have_v the_o people_n any_o cause_n to_o be_v concern_v at_o it_o since_o they_o can_v then_o likewise_o be_v but_o slave_n and_o enjoy_v nothing_o but_o at_o their_o prince_n pleasure_n as_o they_o do_v before_o so_o that_o whether_o he_o or_o a_o stranger_n govern_v they_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o their_o circumstance_n but_o yet_o under_o such_o government_n as_o be_v absolute_a where_o the_o people_n enjoy_v their_o personal_a lib_n rite_n and_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n the_o case_n may_v be_v much_o otherwise_o since_o they_o may_v not_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o foreign_a prince_n to_o who_o their_o own_o monarch_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n have_v assign_v they_o will_v maintain_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n as_o the_o former_a do_v and_o
the_o people_n may_v sometime_o happen_v to_o abuse_v this_o natural_a right_n of_o judge_v and_o resist_v by_o exert_v it_o when_o there_o be_v no_o real_a and_o absolute_a necessity_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o they_o be_v whole_o debar_v from_o it_o because_o they_o may_v happen_v sometime_o to_o abuse_v it_o the_o free_a people_n in_o the_o world_n viz._n our_o self_n for_o example_n may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o condition_n of_o absolute_a slavery_n and_o beggary_n and_o that_o without_o all_o remedy_n by_o any_o humane_a mean_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a mischief_n of_o these_o two_o i_o leave_v to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_n m._n if_o you_o will_v have_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o pointâ—_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o a_o mischief_n so_o destructive_a to_o the_o people_n and_o which_o they_o shall_v exchange_v for_o this_o miserable_a state_n of_o war_n which_o you_o suppose_v may_v prove_v so_o beneficial_a to_o they_o and_o yet_o i_o doubt_v if_o it_o be_v thorough_o look_v into_o not_o only_o the_o doctrine_n itself_o but_o also_o the_o last_a war_n and_o misery_n it_o may_v produce_v will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o contrary_a since_o the_o cruel_a tyranny_n slavery_n and_o loss_n of_o estate_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o almost_o may_v be_v better_o bear_v with_o in_o peace_n and_o unity_n than_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o great_a liberty_n and_o plenty_n see_v all_o such_o comfort_n will_v quick_o be_v devour_v like_o pharaoh_n fat_a cow_n by_o such_o a_o cruel_a mâ—nster_n feed_v in_o their_o bowel_n and_o therefore_o since_o civil_a war_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a calamity_n and_o punishment_n that_o god_n use_v to_o send_v upon_o a_o nation_n it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o any_o state_n or_o people_n require_v they_o to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o supreme_a power_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o great_a oppressor_n or_o cruel_a tyrant_n for_o when_o once_o they_o enter_v into_o this_o dismal_a state_n of_o war_n who_o can_v tell_v whether_o it_o will_v have_v a_o end_n without_o almost_o the_o total_a destruction_n of_o the_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o by_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o far_o worse_a condition_n of_o slavery_n and_o suffer_v than_o they_o be_v before_o since_o the_o state_n of_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n can_v never_o be_v so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a in_o the_o world_n as_o not_o to_o find_v when_o like_a to_o be_v oppress_v by_o such_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n of_o their_o subject_n sufficient_a assistance_n from_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n their_o own_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o assist_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n it_o be_v find_v true_a by_o experience_n as_o tully_n long_o ago_o observe_v manil._n that_o the_o afflict_a state_n of_o king_n do_v easy_o draw_v the_o help_n and_o pity_n of_o many_o other_o especial_o of_o those_o who_o be_v either_o king_n themselves_o or_o do_v live_v in_o a_o kingdom_n the_o regal_a name_n be_v by_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v great_a and_o sacred_a and_o far_a how_o ready_a a_o way_n it_o be_v to_o subvert_v the_o state_n of_o any_o such_o distracted_a kingdom_n and_o to_o bring_v it_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o foreigner_n we_o need_v not_o seek_v a_o plain_a proof_n than_o by_o a_o example_n no_o far_o off_o than_o ireland_n where_o dermâ—t_a king_n of_o leinster_n be_v force_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o â—rave_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o for_o his_o restoration_n to_o his_o kingdom_n his_o assistance_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n produce_v that_o effect_n which_o we_o now_o see_v viz._n that_o the_o irish_a lose_v their_o dominion_n and_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o suppose_v 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much_o the_o viscount_n melun_n confess_v upon_o his_o death_n bed_n to_o many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o return_v again_o to_o their_o allegiance_n to_o henry_n the_o three_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o baron_n and_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o to_o have_v stir_v or_o rebel_v at_o all_o against_o their_o lawful_a prince_n f._n you_o seem_v so_o in_o love_n with_o slavery_n and_o all_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n but_o that_o you_o shall_v feel_v the_o smart_n of_o it_o a_o little_a while_n provide_v no_o body_n be_v to_o suffer_v by_o it_o but_o your_o self_n and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n but_o can_v you_o see_v the_o miserable_a condition_n those_o poor_a people_n be_v in_o who_o live_v under_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a government_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n and_o prefer_v a_o war_n though_o 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aught_o to_o be_v do_v either_o by_o son_n or_o servant_n in_o case_n the_o government_n of_o their_o father_n or_o master_n grow_v so_o cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a as_o not_o to_o be_v endure_v be_v to_o run_v away_o and_o leave_v their_o family_n and_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o hagar_n upon_o the_o severe_a usage_n of_o sarah_n her_o mistress_n flee_v from_o she_o nor_o be_v blame_v by_o the_o angel_n for_o so_o do_v nor_o be_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o prove_v the_o subjection_n of_o servant_n and_o slave_n to_o be_v as_o absolute_a the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o at_o all_o convince_a for_o i_o have_v long_o since_o prove_v that_o a_o family_n and_o a_o kingdom_n be_v very_o different_a thing_n and_o that_o oeconomical_a and_o civil_a power_n do_v not_o only_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la but_o in_o genere_fw-la too_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o slavery_n may_v begin_v by_o compact_a as_o well_o as_o by_o war_n yet_o subjection_n to_o civil_a power_n can_v regular_o 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fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o 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shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n 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they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
that_o he_o will_v give_v his_o people_n any_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o his_o amendment_n and_o sincerity_n by_o give_v up_o such_o evil_a minister_n to_o punishment_n that_o put_v he_o upon_o such_o desperate_a course_n i_o do_v then_o ready_o grant_v that_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o be_v again_o reconcile_v to_o their_o king_n and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o as_o before_o according_a to_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o have_v already_o cite_v wherein_o there_o be_v a_o power_n leave_v for_o the_o baron_n in_o case_n of_o any_o breach_n of_o it_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o constrain_v the_o king_n by_o take_v of_o his_o castle_n land_n and_o possession_n to_o amend_v those_o transgression_n and_o when_o all_o be_v thus_o amend_v the_o charter_n say_v tunc_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la then_o and_o not_o before_o interdent_a nobis_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o we_o as_o they_o be_v before_o but_o what_o follow_v upon_o this_o the_o king_n not_o only_o refuse_v to_o observe_v this_o charter_n but_o procure_v the_o pope_n dispensation_n to_o be_v absolve_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v take_v to_o observe_v it_o and_o also_o do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o bring_v in_o foreigner_n into_o this_o kingdom_n to_o support_v his_o tyranny_n and_o raise_v what_o force_n he_o can_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o that_o end_n whereupon_o the_o baron_n at_o last_o be_v force_v to_o renounce_v all_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o to_o declare_v he_o have_v forfeit_v all_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o tyranny_n and_o perjury_n towards_o his_o people_n as_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n show_v we_o at_o large_a now_o what_o the_o baron_n do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n john_n may_v be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o all_o succeed_a time_n or_o otherwise_o the_o king_n will_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n after_o he_o have_v do_v the_o worst_a he_o can_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n against_o the_o people_n than_o he_o be_v before_o for_o if_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o may_v be_v resist_v till_o he_o give_v the_o kingdom_n satisfaction_n that_o he_o will_v surcease_v from_o such_o tyrannical_a course_n and_o that_o such_o resistance_n be_v real_o a_o suspension_n of_o allegiance_n for_o the_o time_n it_o last_v it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o king_n will_v still_o persist_v in_o these_o wicked_a course_n he_o must_v at_o last_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n and_o discharge_v his_o subject_n of_o all_o allegiance_n to_o he_o or_o else_o he_o will_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o his_o wilful_a persist_v in_o his_o tyranny_n than_o he_o can_v by_o quit_v it_o and_o reconcile_a himself_o to_o his_o people_n for_o whereas_o by_o this_o method_n the_o best_a he_o can_v expect_v be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o same_o limit_a power_n â—e_v before_o enjoy_v if_o he_o push_v thing_n to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n he_o may_v perhaps_o get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o people_n and_o then_o he_o may_v set_v up_o for_o a_o absolute_a king_n by_o conquest_n or_o if_o he_o fail_v in_o that_o and_o be_v beat_v or_o take_v prisoner_n by_o they_o he_o can_v still_o lose_v nothing_o since_o by_o your_o principle_n he_o still_o continue_v a_o absolute_a sovereign_a prince_n as_o he_o be_v before_o and_o must_v be_v immediate_o put_v in_o the_o same_o state_n and_o ability_n of_o destroy_v the_o government_n and_o enslave_v the_o nation_n but_o your_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o our_o common_a law_n have_v a_o very_a good_a maxim_n nemo_fw-la ex_fw-la proprio_fw-la delicto_fw-la beneficium_fw-la câ—piat_v no_o man_n may_v take_v advantage_n of_o his_o own_o wrong_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o prince_n ought_v certain_o to_o lose_v and_o not_o to_o get_v by_o his_o own_o illegal_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n and_o therefore_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o observe_v any_o new_a thing_n that_o he_o be_v not_o before_o he_o be_v crown_v bind_v to_o do_v only_o there_o be_v the_o high_a obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n add_v thereunto_o so_o if_o the_o king_n be_v a_o limit_a prince_n who_o authority_n depend_v upon_o the_o right_a exercise_n of_o it_o and_o that_o he_o can_v claim_v no_o allegiance_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o upon_o that_o condition_n if_o such_o a_o prince_n wilful_o break_v all_o those_o condition_n and_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o amend_v he_o must_v at_o last_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n and_o lose_v all_o allegiance_n from_o his_o subject_n or_o else_o all_o their_o resistance_n will_v signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o they_o will_v after_o all_o be_v in_o a_o much_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o now_o if_o this_o be_v so_o all_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n will_v signify_v nothing_o for_o as_o pufendorf_n very_o well_o observe_v a_o supreme_a power_n may_v reside_v in_o a_o limit_a king_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o his_o particular_a subject_n 7.10_o yet_o they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o disobey_v he_o in_o those_o thing_n to_o which_o his_o power_n do_v not_o extend_v for_o say_v he_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o obey_v he_o in_o all_o thing_n therefore_o i_o must_v be_v his_o equal_a or_o superior_a or_o because_o i_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a command_v he_o therefore_o he_o may_v enjoin_v i_o what_o he_o please_v for_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a be_v by_o no_o mean_n one_o and_o the_o same_o for_o the_o former_a denote_v the_o absence_n of_o a_o superior_a or_o a_o equal_a in_o the_o same_o order_n but_o the_o latter_a a_o faculty_n of_o exercise_v all_o the_o right_n of_o government_n according_a to_o his_o own_o judgement_n and_o will_n 8._o and_o therefore_o this_o author_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n say_v very_o rational_o concern_v resist_v of_o tyrant_n in_o extreme_a case_n that_o their_o scruple_n be_v nothing_o who_o will_v not_o admit_v any_o liberty_n of_o resist_v the_o most_o cruel_a tyranny_n of_o ruler_n because_o there_o can_v be_v suppose_v any_o lawful_a call_v of_o subject_n take_v arm_n against_o the_o supreme_a power_n since_o no_o jurisdiction_n can_v belong_v to_o any_o subject_a towards_o such_o a_o power_n as_o if_o say_v he_o that_o self-defence_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o jurisdiction_n or_o that_o there_o be_v require_v any_o peculiar_a call_v or_o precept_n for_o man_n in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o to_o repulse_v any_o unjust_a force_n from_o take_v away_o their_o life_n or_o estate_n any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v for_o those_o who_o be_v like_a to_o starve_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n by_o eat_v though_o it_o may_v be_v the_o meal_n they_o eat_v be_v not_o their_o own_o but_o another_o man_n so_o far_o he_o and_o if_o this_o be_v lawful_a even_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n in_o case_n of_o defence_n of_o life_n the_o same_o i_o say_v may_v be_v exercise_v in_o limit_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n go_v about_o by_o force_n to_o take_v away_o the_o religion_n life_n estate_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n since_o they_o both_o act_n upon_o the_o same_o principle_n that_o a_o king_n by_o destroy_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o condition_n by_o which_o he_o be_v to_o govern_v renounce_v the_o government_n and_o indeed_o so_o far_o dissolve_v it_o that_o he_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v bracton_n and_o fleta_n and_o other_o old_a lawyer_n have_v noâ—_n in_o express_a word_n teach_v this_o doctrine_n yet_o they_o do_v it_o in_o effect_n since_o the_o former_a tell_v we_o 8._o non_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o non_fw-la lex_fw-la that_o be_v he_o be_v not_o a_o king_n when_o his_o own_o will_n and_o not_o the_o law_n govern_v 9_o and_o in_o another_o place_n rex_fw-la est_fw-la dum_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la tyrannus_n dum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la creditum_fw-la violentâ_fw-la oppriâ—it_fw-la domination_n and_o in_o the_o very_a same_o place_n as_o you_o have_v also_o observe_v he_o tell_v we_o exercere_fw-la debet_fw-la rex_fw-la potestatem_fw-la juris_fw-la ut_fw-la vicarius_fw-la &_o minister_n dei_fw-la potestas_fw-la autem_fw-la injuriae_fw-la diaboli_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la dei_fw-la cum_fw-la declinat_fw-la ad_fw-la injuriam_fw-la rex_fw-la diaboli_fw-la minister_n est_fw-la now_o if_o what_o bracton_n say_v be_v true_a than_o the_o king_n when_o he_o do_v injury_n be_v the_o devil_n minister_n and_o not_o god_n i_o can_v see_v how_o he_o can_v then_o act_v as_o god_n lieutenant_n or_o why_o it_o be_v not_o as_o lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o devil_n minister_n as_o the_o devil_n himself_o and_o as_o to_o what_o you_o allege_v out_o
tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o dane_n the_o conqueror_n though_o he_o do_v not_o take_v way_n these_o yet_o also_o add_v the_o law_n then_o in_o use_n in_o normandy_n of_o try_v not_o only_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n by_o duel_n or_o combat_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o proof_n the_o accuser_n and_o accuse_v fight_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o the_o party_n vanquish_v be_v to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o stone_n but_o in_o civil_a cause_n they_o only_o fight_v with_o basâ—oons_n head_v with_o horn_n and_o buckler_n and_o he_o or_o his_o champion_n who_o be_v overcome_v lose_v the_o land_n that_o be_v contend_v for_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o concern_v trial_n but_o capital_a punishment_n so_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n all_o crime_n even_o man_n slaughter_n itself_o be_v either_o â—ineable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
ever_o since_o the_o crown_n become_v elective_a as_o much_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o last_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n james_n have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o several_a instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v and_o be_o also_o ready_a far_a to_o make_v it_o out_o if_o you_o require_v it_o so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o case_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a why_o the_o crown_n or_o legal_a authority_n shall_v not_o become_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n who_o at_o first_o confer_v this_o power_n on_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v do_v your_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v those_o assertion_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o but_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o you_o true_o have_v do_v it_o but_o however_o not_o to_o run_v into_o unneccessary_a dispute_n and_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o argue_v and_o which_o i_o see_v you_o be_v too_o obstinate_a to_o recede_v from_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o oppose_v what_o you_o last_o assert_v concern_v the_o crown_n be_v be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v pretend_a breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n for_o beside_o the_o absurdity_n of_o make_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a to_o the_o people_n who_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v subject_n and_o not_o prince_n or_o governor_n whereas_o all_o forfeiture_n still_o suppose_v a_o right_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o as_o superior_a to_o the_o party_n forfeit_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_n in_o your_o suppose_v all_o civil_a and_o legal_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o people_n and_o by_o they_o confer_v upon_o their_o king_n or_o governor_n whereas_o the_o scripture_n plain_o affirm_v and_o all_o divine_n so_o interpret_v they_o that_o all_o civil_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v whole_o from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n who_o even_o in_o elective_a kingdom_n though_o they_o may_v name_v and_o design_n the_o person_n who_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o be_v the_o power_n whole_o from_o god_n who_o alone_o have_v right_a to_o govern_v mankind_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o people_n do_v not_o confer_v the_o power_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v forfeitable_a to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o be_v never_o derive_v and_o so_o much_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o our_o last_o meeting_n though_o i_o have_v not_o then_o time_n full_o to_o urge_v this_o argument_n as_o now_o i_o have_v and_o this_o will_v press_v the_o more_o upon_o you_o because_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v at_o several_a meeting_n that_o all_o civil_a and_o regal_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o your_o notion_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n forfeit_v to_o they_o be_v whole_o false_a and_o precarious_a f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o you_o have_v to_o object_v against_o our_o assertion_n of_o the_o king_n be_v forfeit_v his_o royal_a authority_n to_o the_o people_n i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o answer_v those_o objection_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o absurdity_n which_o you_o lay_v to_o our_o charge_n how_o a_o authority_n can_v be_v forfeit_v by_o a_o king_n or_o superior_a to_o his_o subject_n or_o vassal_n the_o absurdity_n lie_v on_o your_o side_n for_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v this_o forfeiture_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o people_n as_o subject_n but_o to_o they_o consider_v as_o a_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o as_o the_o descendant_n and_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o make_v the_o first_o king_n upon_o a_o certain_a contract_n or_o condition_n upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n do_v thereupon_o cease_v to_o be_v subject_n as_o a_o servant_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o and_o become_v again_o svi_fw-la furis_fw-la upon_o his_o master_n non-performance_n of_o the_o bargain_n make_v between_o they_o and_o so_o this_o authority_n thus_o forfeit_v return_v to_o the_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o once_o confer_v it_o upon_o the_o first_o king_n nor_o need_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o suppose_v a_o superiority_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o over_o the_o prince_n that_o commit_v it_o than_o when_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n tenant_n for_o life_n alien_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o reversion_n may_v immediate_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n as_o forfeit_v to_o he_o 251._o though_o the_o person_n that_o hold_v it_o be_v perhaps_o his_o own_o father_n m._n but_o be_v not_o this_o then_o to_o recede_v from_o your_o former_a concession_n whereby_o you_o grant_v that_o civil_a authority_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n at_o all_o whereas_o you_o now_o suppose_v they_o the_o only_a original_a or_o fountain_n of_o civil_a authority_n and_o from_o they_o to_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o monarch_n f._n this_o difficulty_n whole_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o right_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o god_n confer_v civil_a power_n or_o authority_n upon_o those_o that_o exercise_v it_o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o which_o difficulty_n pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o two_o or_o three_o question_n first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o be_v still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o monarchy_n be_v so_o much_o of_o divine_a institution_n as_o that_o no_o government_n but_o that_o may_v be_v lawful_o institute_v by_o man_n m._n i_o will_v not_o now_o affirm_v that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n but_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o over_o by_o what_o we_o can_v find_v in_o scripture_n that_o god_n institute_v no_o sort_n of_o government_n but_o that_o and_o he_o do_v not_o make_v saul_n or_o david_n to_o be_v only_o like_o those_o equivocal_a king_n who_o may_v be_v deposable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o confer_v part_n of_o his_o own_o divine_a power_n upon_o they_o without_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n whatsoever_o but_o as_o for_o those_o government_n call_v commonwealth_n though_o without_o doubt_n they_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a institution_n yet_o certain_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o they_o exercise_v be_v whole_o from_o god_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v a_o man_n not_o have_v power_n over_o his_o own_o life_n can_v confer_v that_o upon_o another_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o f._n well_o i_o be_o glad_a we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o commonwealth_n be_v endue_v with_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n as_o well_o as_o monarch_n and_o that_o from_o no_o less_o author_n than_o from_o god_n himself_o so_o that_o whatever_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v god_n institution_n of_o no_o other_o government_n than_o monarchy_n be_v either_o not_o true_a or_o not_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o thiâ—d_o meeting_n that_o the_o first_o government_n god_n institute_v among_o the_o jew_n be_v a_o aristocracy_n under_o moses_n joshua_n and_o the_o judge_n reserve_v the_o kingly_a power_n over_o they_o to_o himself_o and_o though_o it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o god_n divest_v himself_o of_o great_a part_n of_o this_o kingly_a power_n when_o he_o anoint_v saul_n king_n yet_o god_n institution_n of_o monarchy_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o render_v it_o unlawful_a for_o other_o nation_n to_o institute_v such_o other_o sort_n of_o government_n as_o may_v best_o suit_v with_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a community_n but_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o civil_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n because_o otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o 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a_o generous_a prince_n a_o nephew_n and_o a_o son-in-law_n and_o one_o who_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o consult_v the_o last_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o nation_n more_o than_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n or_o the_o ambition_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n f._n you_o have_v make_v the_o utmost_a defence_n that_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o king_n be_v first_o go_n away_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n i_o see_v you_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v the_o whole_a fault_n of_o the_o king_n departure_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o treaty_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o refuse_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n according_a to_o his_o own_o promise_n and_o proclamation_n upon_o his_o want_n of_o security_n for_o himself_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n if_o he_o have_v stay_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o fidelity_n in_o his_o army_n the_o general_a prejudice_n of_o the_o nation_n 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away_o as_o he_o do_v from_o salisbury_n to_o some_o strange_a panic_n fear_v that_o god_n have_v cast_v upon_o he_o and_o all_o the_o popish_a faction_n about_o he_o since_o he_o have_v be_v know_v not_o to_o want_v sufficient_a courage_n upon_o other_o occasion_n but_o though_o he_o have_v omit_v it_o there_o yet_o he_o certain_o aught_o to_o have_v try_v this_o last_o experiment_n after_o he_o come_v to_o london_n rather_o than_o have_v quit_v the_o kingdom_n so_o dishonourable_o as_o he_o then_o do_v and_o thereby_o give_v the_o p._n of_o orange_n friend_n a_o opportunity_n of_o seize_v or_o get_v deliver_v into_o their_o power_n all_o the_o garrison_n and_o strong_a place_n in_o england_n beside_o portsmouth_n in_o those_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n that_o he_o be_v not_o hear_v of_o beside_o great_a part_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v not_o disband_v have_v in_o that_o time_n go_v in_o to_o the_o prince_n in_o hope_n of_o their_o pay_n and_o future_a preferment_n now_o 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and_o prepossess_v against_o he_o admit_v it_o be_v so_o as_o long_o as_o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a army_n about_o he_o as_o i_o suppose_v he_o may_v have_v have_v he_o need_v not_o have_v fear_v any_o thing_n the_o people_n can_v do_v but_o indeed_o this_o be_v a_o needless_a fear_n for_o before_o the_o parliament_n can_v sit_v it_o be_v not_o the_o people_n interest_n to_o hinder_v it_o or_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o king_n or_o his_o army_n when_o matter_n be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n of_o accommodation_n so_o after_o the_o parliament_n sit_v there_o will_v have_v be_v less_o cause_n of_o fear_n since_o the_o reverence_n of_o that_o court_n will_v have_v keep_v they_o in_o awe_n but_o as_o to_o the_o firmness_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o prince_n army_n the_o fear_n of_o that_o be_v also_o as_o needless_a as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n army_n continue_v as_o firm_a to_o he_o and_o if_o the_o prince_n army_n have_v be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o 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the_o next_o place_n that_o nothing_o the_o king_n have_v do_v in_o all_o these_o exorbitance_n he_o commit_v that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a amount_v to_o a_o forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n not_o to_o the_o former_a because_o the_o king_n redress_v all_o our_o grievance_n before_o he_o go_v away_o it_o be_v true_a i_o grant_v he_o redress_v some_o of_o they_o by_o put_v divers_a thing_n in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v before_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o the_o great_a still_o remain_v unredress_v viz._n the_o raise_v of_o money_n contrary_n to_o law_n and_o the_o dispense_v power_n both_o which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n he_o never_o disclaim_v neither_o take_v any_o sufficient_a course_n by_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o prevent_v its_o be_v exercise_v for_o the_o future_a beside_o his_o go_v away_o without_o give_v the_o prince_n and_o nation_n any_o further_a satisfaction_n about_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o prince_n 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which_o may_v oftentimes_o tend_v to_o quit_v other_o purpose_n than_o what_o we_o suppose_v as_o for_o the_o next_o clause_n by_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n i_o have_v hear_v that_o divers_a of_o the_o lord_n and_o bishop_n who_o be_v for_o the_o king_n against_o this_o new_a invention_n of_o a_o abdication_n put_v the_o other_o side_n very_o hard_o to_o it_o to_o make_v out_o this_o original_a contract_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v in_o what_o part_n either_o of_o our_o common_a or_o statute_n law_n it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v for_o they_o know_v no_o such_o maxim_n in_o the_o common_a law_n nor_o no_o such_o clause_n in_o any_o statute_n aucient_a or_o modern_a and_o though_o i_o confess_v you_o have_v undertake_v to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v only_o by_o farfetched_a consequence_n and_o from_o the_o old_a form_n of_o government_n among_o the_o saxon_n of_o above_o 600_o year_n stand_v which_o iâ—_n there_o be_v 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or_o abdication_n i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v nothing_o in_o our_o common_a or_o statute_n law_n that_o can_v at_o all_o warrant_v this_o notion_n for_o common_a law_n be_v nothing_o but_o ancient_a usage_n and_o immemorial_n custom_n now_o custom_n suppose_v precedent_n and_o parallel_v case_n but_o it_o be_v grant_v of_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v never_o judge_v to_o be_v abdicate_v by_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o prince_n before_o now_o and_o therefore_o it_o follow_v by_o undeniable_a consequence_n that_o this_o opinion_n can_v have_v no_o foundation_n in_o the_o common_a law_n because_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o rule_v case_n to_o prove_v it_o by_o but_o if_o we_o come_v to_o those_o precedent_n we_o have_v in_o our_o english_a history_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o such_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v remember_v we_o read_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o that_o when_o he_o flee_v from_o the_o force_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o 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offend_v from_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o so_o that_o if_o the_o convention_n have_v adjudge_v the_o king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v they_o must_v suppose_v it_o to_o have_v be_v by_o his_o own_o consent_n or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o if_o they_o suppose_v he_o to_o have_v forfeit_v why_o do_v they_o not_o down_o right_o declare_v so_o as_o well_o as_o the_o scotch_a convention_n have_v do_v and_o then_o i_o can_v have_v â—old_a better_a what_o to_o have_v say_v to_o they_o and_o have_v prove_v that_o only_a subject_n and_o not_o king_n be_v liable_a to_o forfeiture_n f._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o word_n forfeit_v have_v be_v more_o proper_a than_o abdicate_v in_o this_o vote_n of_o the_o convention_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o man_n abdicate_v a_o estate_n by_o a_o wilful_a dispose_n of_o it_o otherwise_o than_o the_o law_n require_v and_o â—_o 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discourse_n be_v upon_o so_o weighty_a a_o subject_n as_o their_o present_a majesty_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o i_o give_v you_o some_o account_n of_o the_o method_n i_o have_v pursue_v and_o what_o author_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o prove_v of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o former_a since_o the_o main_a question_n in_o this_o great_a affair_n be_v whether_o the_o convention_n can_v be_v justify_v in_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o then_o place_v their_o present_a majesty_n thereon_o as_o the_o next_o heir_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o show_v from_o a_o exact_a history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n that_o the_o late_a parliament_n whilst_o it_o be_v a_o convention_n have_v do_v no_o more_o in_o this_o great_a affair_n than_o what_o former_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n have_v do_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n i._o on_o the_o like_a occasion_n when_o they_o have_v not_o only_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a but_o have_v also_o judge_v which_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v fit_a to_o fill_v it_o and_o the_o person_n so_o place_v therein_o have_v be_v still_o take_v for_o lawful_a king_n and_o as_o such_o have_v have_v true_a allegiance_n pay_v they_o by_o all_o the_o subject_n during_o the_o time_n they_o continue_v possess_v of_o the_o royal_a power_n and_o dignity_n as_o for_o the_o author_n cite_v in_o this_o disquisition_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o those_o who_o live_v near_a the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o matter_n we_o treat_v of_o be_v transact_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v studious_o forbear_v quote_v any_o author_n in_o latin_a or_o english_a who_o live_v in_o more_o modern_a time_n unless_o when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o to_o be_v have_v that_o treat_v of_o
succeed_a immediate_o upon_o his_o say_a father_n resignation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o after_o this_o king_n be_v once_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n but_o that_o he_o may_v think_v it_o most_o to_o his_o honour_n and_o the_o independency_n of_o his_o title_n to_o rely_v whole_o upon_o his_o right_n of_o succession_n as_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n without_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o the_o parliament_n election_n of_o he_o though_o this_o be_v also_o convert_o express_v in_o these_o word_n which_o be_v in_o this_o writ_n and_o proclamation_n viz._n `_o that_o consent_n to_o his_o say_a father_n pleasure_n he_o have_v take_v the_o government_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la &_o advisamento_fw-la praelator_n com._n baron_n magnat_fw-la &_o communitat_fw-la predict_v which_o though_o you_o translate_v by_o council_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commonalty_n yet_o i_o do_v 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and_o claim_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n it_o be_v conclude_v and_o agree_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n that_o his_o title_n can_v not_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o for_o eschew_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o may_v ensue_v a_o mean_a be_v find_v to_o save_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o estate_n and_o to_o appease_v the_o say_a duke_n if_o he_o will_v which_o be_v that_o the_o king_n viz._n henry_n the_o vith_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n during_o life_n the_o duke_n to_o be_v declare_v the_o true_a heir_n and_o to_o possess_v it_o after_o his_o death_n etc._n etc._n and_o note_v that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v on_o both_o side_n f._n i_o confess_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n henry_n the_o vith_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n be_v true_o recite_v
room_n of_o his_o suppose_a father_n who_o we_o will_v also_o suppose_v civil_o though_o not_o natural_o dead_a and_o till_o this_o be_v do_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v have_v he_o be_v declare_v king_n without_o ever_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n the_o throne_n must_v have_v continue_v vacant_a till_o it_o can_v be_v decide_v whether_o he_o or_o his_o half_a sister_n the_o princess_n of_o orange_n be_v to_o fill_v it_o and_o if_o so_o whilst_o the_o convention_n remain_v in_o this_o suspense_n they_o can_v do_v no_o other_o than_o vote_n the_o throne_n vacant_a till_o they_o be_v sufficient_o satisfy_v who_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o it_o but_o to_o answer_v your_o argument_n that_o unless_o something_o can_v have_v be_v present_o allege_v against_o this_o infant_n to_o have_v prove_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v declare_v king_n the_o maxim_n you_o mention_n may_v be_v well_o allow_v 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shall_v be_v so_o for_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o legal_a title_n by_o descent_n r._n but_o a_o legal_a investitute_a and_o recognition_n by_o parliament_n that_o make_v a_o legal_a king_n or_o a_o king_n in_o law_n as_o it_o make_v a_o legal_a magistrate_n and_o then_o all_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la who_o be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n by_o a_o legal_a authority_n and_o with_o all_o legal_a and_o acustomed_a ceremony_n be_v legal_a king_n and_o as_o such_o may_v require_v a_o legal_a allegiance_n so_o that_o all_o those_o hard_a word_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o that_o call_v those_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n king_n in_o deed_n and_o not_o of_o right_n or_o pretend_a king_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o they_o be_v king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o according_a to_o the_o law_n which_o have_v make_v they_o so_o though_o not_o according_a to_o that_o hereditary_a right_n of_o succession_n which_o those_o 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