to prouide for age 11 The description of the foure humors 12 Men hote but womens tongues hoter 13 Al things bringeth their apparell with him man onlie except 14 A definition of meÌ„bers 15 A part called by the name of the whole ib. What anotomy is 16 Foure things considered in the body of man ib. Against dropsie 18 Helping the Emerodes ib. Thernia excelleÌ„t triacle ib. Capers good ib. Miracle helpeth when phisicke faileth 19 Time for al things ib. Of bloud letting 20 Vsurpation 21 Morning best to let blod ib. Of meats medicines ib. Best time to purge 21. Vomites their profits 22 Custome in vomiting il ib. Of bathings and their properties ib. Discommodities by common hot houses ib. Afore bathing vse good ointments ib. Perillous to bathe vppon an empty stomacke ib. Of neesing 23 Of suppositers ib. Boxing good for the body ib. Of glisters ib. Manupractitioners ib. Beastes and birdes vse pruning c. ib. Hot water vnwholsome 24 Frication wholsome ib. Combing the head ib. Cutting off haire and paring nailes ib. Consideration to be had in eating ib. A cause why the soul departeth from the body 25 To eate both flesh and fish together hurteth the flegmatike ib. Diuerse sorts of meates corrupt the body ib. Good diet prolonges life 26 What meats doe cause good bloud ib. To goe to bed with empty stomacke hurts ib. An order in dieting ib. An order for them that bee sicke 27 Of sirrops and drinkes 28 As the complexion is so man desireth ib. Moderate walke after meat profiteth ib. To helpe digestion by diuers waies 29 A note which be the wholsomest aires to dwel in 30 What aires doe corrupt the bloud ib. Corrupt aire bringeth sun dry diseases ib. Feruent praier vnto God doeth mitigate his wrath ib. Sweete aires to be made in time of sickenesse ib. What situation is best for an house 31 Pleasant people ib. Moderate exercise a soueraigne thing ib. What profite commeth by exercise 32 Vse maketh labour easie ib. Idlenes the mother of mischiefe ib. Of exercise before meare ib. Of sleepe and weaking 33 To sleepe after dinner hurteth ib. To sleepe on the right side best 34 Lodging to bee kept cleane ib. To sleepe in fields is hurtful ib. The cause of the stone ib. Remedies for the stone 35 Of vrines with the colours therof and the iudgements ib. Contents in vrine bee the chiefe things to know diseases by 36 Of stooles and the iudgement of the colours thereof ib. Of doctor Diet Quiet and Meriman 37 Better to lacke riches than to want quietnes mirth ib. Many apt similitudes for the same ib. Poore mens pleasure 38 The torments of the mind ib. Thought killeth many ib. Ire is a grieuous passion ib. Diuels incarnate ib. A good face in a glasse ib. Better to be spited than pitied in some case 39 The vertues of Wormewood 40 The propertie of Annis seed ib. The vertue of Mouse are ib. Of Chickweed 41 The properties of sorrel ib. The properties of plantain ib. Of Camomel and his propertie 42 Of Sage and his propertie ib. Of Polipodio and his propertie 43 Of horehound and his properties ib. Of veruen and his properties ib. Of Rew or hearbe grace ib. The properties of Burnet 44 The properties of Dandelion ib. Of Spinage ib. Of Cucumbers ib. Garlike his propertie 45 Onions ib. Lettis and his propertie 46 Mints their properties ib. Fenel and his properties 47 Isope and his operation ib. Sencion his operation ib. Parcely his operation 48 Mugwort and his propertie ib. Of cabbage ib. Philopendula and his operation 49 Agremony and his operation ib. Of Dragon ib. The vertue of violets ib. Of the white lillie and his operation ib. Centory of his vertue 50 Rosemary ib. Peniroyall and his operation ib. Of mustard and his operation 51 The vertue of buglosse ib. The vertue of Basil ib. Roses their vertues 52 Sauory and his vertue ib. Time and his vertue ib Parcely and saxifrage and their operations ib. Liuerwort and his operation ib. Bitony and of his vertue 53 Beetes and their vertue ib. Maidenhaire his vertu ib. Nelilot and his vertue ib. Pease and beanes and their operation 54 Of hutles and tares ib. Leekes their properties ib. Of radish and other rootes ib. Hearbs ingender melancholy ib. Good things to disgest choler 55 To purge choler ib. To disgest fleugme ib. To purge melancholy 56 To prouoke vrine ib. Comforts for the braines to smell on ib. Things good to stoppe the flixe ib. Good thinges to prouoke neesing ib. Good things to comfort the heart ib. Figges and dates ib. Of peares 57 The friers peare ib. Of apples ib. A medicine for the small pox 58 Of peaches ib. Of quinces ib. Of cherries 59 Of grapes ib. Sweete prunes laxatiue ib. Of Barberies medlers 60 Of Capers ib. Of Biefe ib. Remedy for the flix ib. How to help disgestion 61 A medicine for the eies ib. Porke and his operation ib. The description of swine ib. Beasts haue no reason 62 Puddings of swine ib. A plaister of Saint Anthonies fire 63 Of rammes weathers and lambes ib. Of redde and fallow deeres flesh 64 Of hares and conies their properties ib. A medicine for bloudy eies 65 Of cockes hennes and capons ib. Of geese 66 The properties of great foules ib. Of the flesh of duckes ib. Of pigeons and doues ib. Of the flesh of peacocks 67 Rosted pigeons ib. Of the flesh of cranes ib. Of swannes flesh ib. Of herons bittors or shouels ib. Of partriches sesants and quailes c. ib. The properties of smal birds 68 The operation of fishes ib. The best feeding for fish 69 Soone labour after eating fish hurteth ib. Fat fish grose ib. The election of fish 70 Crauises and crabs ib. Of oile ib. Of water ib. What kinde of water is best 71 Of vineger ib. Of common salt 72 Of hony ib. Bees example to vs ib. Of milke 73 Milke not good for ful stomackes 74 Of Butter and Cheese ib. Of egges 75 Of wine ib. Heate of excesse in drinking 76 Beere and Ale ib. Breade of all sorts 77 Rise 78 Almonds ib. Walnuts ib. Filberds 79 Nutmegs ib. Of Cloues Galingale and Pepper ib. A practice ib. Callamus ib. Of triacle 83 Of methridatum ib. Of saffron ib. A regiment of the pestileÌ„ce 84 Good aire ib. Noone sleepe 85 Of sleepe ib. Exercise ib. Of mirth ib. Signes of the pestilence ib. MithridatuÌ„ andromachi 86 FINIS The Gouernement of Health Iohn OF al pleasures and pastimes mee thinke there is none like vnto good cheere what shoulde a man doe but passe away the time with good fellowes and make merrie seeing we haue but a time to liue cast away care wherefore is meate and bellies ordained but the one to serue the other The flesh that we dayly encâ—â—â—se is our owne Abstinence and fasting is a mightie enemie and nothing pleasant to mee and bee vsed of very fewe that loue
of saffron mingled with a little swéete wine tempered in a very small vessell vpon the coles vntill it be partlie thicke or els incorporate altogither in a morter then roll them vp in small round pils vse to swallow half a dram of these pils two times a wéeke in the pestileÌ„ce time a mornings thrée hours before meate Another medicine tormentill gentian setwell of each one dram spikenarde drams 2. nasticke drams 3. bole armin drams 8. giue 2. drams to the patient or any that feare the plague in the water of Scabeas or Carduus Benedictus then drinke the broath of a chicken or pure wine to ripe the sore rost a great onion take out the core put in triacle and warme apply it to the place thrée or four times renued warme and oyle Oliue blacke sope sowre leauen lillie rootes of each like quantitie boyled together put in the inice of Rew and make a plaister this will breake the said sore Capons grease yolkes of egs swines grease barlie floure inséede in powder incorporated together wil make a good healing playster Emplastrum diachilon magnum descriptione filij Zacharia doth resolue and quench the hot vlcer But in the time of the plague trust not vrines FINIS The Epilogue HEre I haue presented vnto thee gentle reader a simple Gouernment of health beseeching thee most heartily for to accept it as an argument of my good will as one vnfeynedly that greatly doe couet the good estate and happie health of mankinde which by dayly casualties surfets and age do decay and fall into many grieuous and painfull sicknesses For which cause although perhaps I cannot in all points answer to thy request in this little Regiment yet I shall desire thee to accept mee among the fellowship of the botchers which do helpe to repaire things that fall into ruine or decay Euen so bee the practitioners of phisicke no makers of men but when men doe decay through sicknesse then the counsell of the Phisition and the vertue of medicin is not to bee refused but most louingly to bee embraced as a chiefe friend in the time of aduersitie if thou readest this little booke and obserue it I trust it will pay as much as it doth promise And because I am a yong man I would not presume to take such a matter in hand although the wordes bee fewe but did consiliate and gather things together which of my selfe I haue practised and also read and noted in the workes of Hippocrates Galen Auicen Plinie Haliabas Auenzoer Rasis Dioscorides Leonhardus Futchius Conradus Gesnerus c. And thus I leaue thee to the companie of this my little booke wishing thee health and all them that shall reade it William Bullein Codrus Mydas Cap. 3â— Nestor Galen Arganton The Epicure desireth to liue altogither in bellie cheere Haeliogabalus court fit for belly gods The iust ceward of belly gods The fruites of inordinate banquets Uarietie of opinions among men An obiection against physicke God the authour of physicke The inestimable goodnes of God ordained hearbes for the health of man Salomon Eccle. 36. The praise and excellencie of phisicke Moises Adam Iesus Sirack cap. 38. Diodoro Test. Ouid. Meramor Chiron centaurus Podalirius Machaon Hippocrates Gallenuâ— Hippocrates in lib. de fla A definicion of physicke Hippocrates in primo Aphoris Theoricha Herodot Emperic Philinus Serapion Apolonii Methodici Asclepiades Dogmatici Hippocrates Galen de elemen de temp de facul Phisicke deuided into fiue partes Gal. lib â— de temp cap 4. Gal. in lib. 2 The 〈◊〉 methâ— The description of sanguine persons The description of the fleugmatike persons The description of the cholericks The description of Melancholie Hippocrates de Element Auic in cauteca The description of the .iiii. Elements Galen in li. 8. 〈◊〉 Hippocrates in lib. de na Ereaturs are compounded of more elements then one Elements felt and not seene Hippocrat in lib. de Natura humana Winter Spring Summer Haruest Auic in pâ—â— can Meates and medicine be knowne bâ—â—asting Colde Moist Salt Auic in pri â—ract â—antico Gal. lib. 1. cap. 2. lib. 2. cap. 3. lib. 4. cap. vlt. Sim. Med. Gal. lib. 5. Aphor. commen 9. An earnest briefe exhortation for the bringing vp of youth Galen in lib. Simp. The best time to prouide for age The foure humours naturall and vnnaturall are described Auicen in lib. can Galen in lib. 4. de tempor Galen in lib. 4. de tempor Arist. de Gene. Auicen Whether this be true let the married iudge Euery thing bringing his apparell with him sauing man A definition of members A part is called by the name of the whole and not the whole by the part What Annothomie is Foure things considered in the bodie of man Example Dropsy Helping the Emorodes Thereaca is an excellent triacle Use to eat Caâ—ers and take Pillule Iude Haly oâ— pillule de lapide Lazule Miracle helpeth but no medicine in this case Time for all things Hippo. in â— Affor 3. Aristot. in pri prob 56. Auic in 2. pri doct 2. cap. 6. Galen in lib. de flobothomia Rasis in 4. alman cap. 14. Rasis in 4. allmen cap. 14. The middle â—eyâ—e Hip. in 3. pri doct 2. cap. Vsurpation in medicine is euill In the morning is best to let bloud euill toward night Rasis in 4. alman cap. 15. Meates and medicines greeth not except pilsâ— before supper Time to purge Digges Kenningham Vomits and their profits Hip. Sent. in 4. Aphoris Custome of vomit weakneth the stomacke Auicen in 4. Pri. cap. 13. Of bathes and their properties The discommoditie of common hote houses To vse oyntments after bathings is good To bathe vpon an empty stomacke is perilous Of neesing Of suppositers Boxing doth much good to the bodye I will speake more of Glisters in my booke of healthful medicines Many practitioners of actes venerous Beasts and birdes vse frictions and â—â—nning them selues The profit which coÌ„meth in washing the handes with cold water Hot water is holsome to wash hands in Frication is holsom for the body Combing the head Cutting of haire and paring of nayles be comly for men A consideration to be had in eating and drinking A cause why the soule departeth from the body To eate both fish and flesh together hurteth the flegmatick Galen Hippocrates To féede of diuerse sorts of meats corrupteth the bodie Eccle. 27. A good diet prolongeth life What kinde of meates doe cause good blood What hurt commeth of an emptie stomacke when ye go to bed An order of dieting Galen me trite The Melancholie The Sanguine An order for the dieting of such as bee sicke of sharpe feners Of syrops and drinkes As the complexion is so man requireth The .iii. doctrine The .vii. chap. Moderat walk after meat â—rofiteth Galen in 6. de accedenti morbo i. cap. Auice in 13 theo 3. tract 3. cap. To helpe disgestion by diuers waies Hipo. in secundo Prim. doc 3. ca. 6 Haec signa declarant Note which
fried and baked some warme some colde some fish some flesh with sundrie fruites and sallets of diuerse hearbes to please thine eye remember with thy self that the sight of them all is better than the feeding of them all Consider with thy selfe thou art a man and no beast therefore bee temperate in thy féeding and remember the wise woordes of Salomon Bee not gréedie sayeth hée in euerie eating and bée not hastie vppon all meates for excesse of meates bringeth sickenesse and gluttonie commeth at the last into an vnmeasurable heate Through surfet haue manie a one perished but hee that dieteth himselfe temperately prolongeth his life Therefore grosse fish lambs flesh the in-meates of beastes rawe hearbes pigges braines and all slimie meates bee euill for thee but late suppers is woorst of all and specially if they bee long for it causeth painfull nights to follow But Galen sayeth in his Booke De ethimia the meates which bee without all blame bée those which bee betwéene subtill and grosse Good bread of cleane wheat flesh of capons or hennes phesants and partriches pigeons and turtle doues blacke birdes and small fielde birdes rosted veale or boyled mutton These doe engender good bloud sayeth Galen Note also that any other meate that thou doest eate at supper although it séeme repugnant to a fleugmaticke stomacke if thou sleepe well after it and féele no paine thou mayest vse it as a meate necessarie And when thou canst not sleepe well if the default came through meate marke that meate or drinke although it appeare pleasant refuse it as an enemie And whereas thou hast vsed euill diet as a custome in abusing time quantitie and qualitie by little and little bring thy selfe into good order and to time both for thy breakfasts dinner and supper Prouided alway to eate good things but not many things For like as repletion or abundaunce of meate is an enemie to the bodie and the soule and bringeth sodaine death euen so is emptinesse a shortner of time a weakner of the braine a hinderer of memory an increaser of wind choler melancholy And oftentimes to many bringeth sudden death also except nature haue some thing to worke vpon as I did tell thée before vse some light things at breakfast of perfite digestion within foure houres after that receiue thy dinner obseruing the good order of diet drinking wine or béere oftentimes and little at once eschewing great draughts of drinke which is vsed among beasts and mingle thy meate with mirth which is euer the best dish at the boord and be thankefull to God And so leaue with an appetite passing y e time wiselie betwéene dinner and supper with exercise labour study or pastime vnto the ende of sixe houres and then begin thy supper prouided that it bee shorter than thy dinner eating thy meate by little and little for gréedie and sudden eating is hurtfull to nature as Galen sayth in his Diatorie Note also that thou maist eate more meat in Winter than in Summer because thy naturall heate is enclosed with thy bodie in Winter but vniuersally spread in Summer Also cholericke men may as lightly digest béefe bacon veneson c. With as much spéede and litle hurt as the fleugmatike man may eate rabit chicken and partridge c. But the melancholie man through the coldnesse of the stomacke hath not that strength in the stomacke as hee hath promtpnes in wil to eat things warm and moyst be good for him The sanguine man is not so swift in this digestion as the hote cholericke man is But notwithstanding he hath good digestion through the humiditie and warmnes of bloud and coueteth to eat swéete things which greatly augment the bloud therfore sharpe sauces made with vinegar onions and barbaries bée wholesome Purslen sorrell small fishes that féede vppon the stones in fayre running waters cowcumbers and pure French wine partly delayed with water bee good for the saide sanguine men to kéepe them from much encrease of flesh Ioh. Thou hast shewed vnto me a very discrete and wholsome order of diet particular to my selfe and partly to other complexions but what rule or prety Gouernment is for sicke folks Hum. They that be sodainlie vexed with sharpe sicknesses must haue thin diets with water gruell thin mutton or chicken pottage without any fat or thicknes violet leaues endiue leaues and such like cooling hearbes and let their drinkes be made of Tezantes thus doe to them that haue hot sharpe sickenesses occasioned of choler And also colde siroppes of endiue violets sugar water and vinegar sodden together bee verie wholesome But if sickenesses bee long of continuance their diet must bee the thicker and their meates made the stronger specially if their diseases be cold with the flesh of cocks capons temperate wine stewed broath with wholsome hearbs as buglos borrage basill parcely and finkle rootes with some maces dates damaske prunes reisins of the sunne and such like Sirops of Isope and citeron prouided that they neyther take meate nor medicine immediately before or soone after their fittes posset ale with clarified hearbes excepted which they may take for their comfort according to the estate of their disease for such as be sicke must haue meate contrarie to their complexion For they that be colde must haue hote meate and medicines And they that be drie must haue moyst thinges But they that bée hote must haue colde thinges for the ardent heate of the fire is quenched with the moystnesse of the water and so the quantitie of one qualitie ouercommeth the qualitie of an other And in deede Phisicke sayeth the bodies that bee hote must be fed with things like as they that be moist with moyst things to preserue their moistnes They that be hote with hot things to preserue their heate and such like But when they doe exceede in heate cold moist or drie then let the qualities of moistnes be tempered with drienes and the coldnes with warmnes For like as man delighteth in things of like as the cholericke man cholericke things euen so do beasts and fruites as the Colloquintida which is bitter delighteth in bitter ground Hote spices delight to grow in hot ground and euery fruit and hearbe doth delite in the thing that is of like euen so doth man in his foode But in al things let him beware of distemperaunce surfites or repletion reare suppers and drunkennesse Ioh. But if a man feele great griefe after meates or drinkes what way is there then for to helpe him Hum. Use walking vp and down and perhappes that will disgeste as Auicen saieth And Rasis sayeth to walke a hundreth paces after meate is holsome for it comforteth disgestion prouoketh vryne and giueth one power and strength of stomacke to eate his supper But the counsaile of Galen must here be obserued Which saieth there is no meate but it will corrupt or stinke if the bodie be cast into a sodain heate by
The Gouernment of Health A Treatise written by William Bullein for the especiall good and healthfull preseruation of mans bodie from all noysome diseases proceeding by the excesse of euill diet and other infirmities of Nature full of excellent medicines and wise counsels for conseruation of health in men women and children Both pleasant and profitable to the industrious Reader LONDON Printed by Valentine Sims dwelling in Adling street at the signe of the white Swan neare Bainards castel 1595. To the right worshipfull sir Thomas Hilton knight Baron of Hilton and Captaine of the king and Queens maiesties castel of Tinmouth William Bullein wisheth encrease of worship and health QVintus Curtius the famous writer of the great battels that king Alexander the sonne of Philip of Macedonie had agaynst the most noble and rich king of the Medes and Persians called Darius right worshipful sir declareth that when one Philip the Phisition vnto the said king Alexander and his most trustie subiect by sodain chaunce the king fell sore sicke to the great heauines of all his royall armie at which time with all speede this phisition did prepare a medicine most excellent for his souereigne Lord whom he so dearely loued to this end that the great vertue thereof might preuent his present sicknesse and immenent danger but malicious spite that wretched enemie which neuer sleepeth but watcheth euer to bring vertue and good fame to destruction Immediatly before this gentle Philip did present himselfe vnto the king with his medicine Letters were sent to king Alexander containing that the said Philip was corrupted so with money from king Darius that he had put most deadly poison and vncurable venom into Alexanders medicin The king perusing the letters kept them secret vntill he had drunke his medicin and immediatly hee tooke his phisition by the hand and deliuered him the letters that he might reade them hauing in him so great confidence that he did in no maner of case mistrust him The cause why I haue alledged this most worthy prince king Alexander and his excellent phisition Philip is to declare the great trust in the one and the fidelitie in the other not forgetting the shamelesse conditions of the flattering Parasites which euer walke with two faces in one hood bearing fire in the one hand and water in the other sowers of discord reapers of mischiefe which be alwayes enemies vnto the disciples of Philip whose venemous stings can not hurt them which euer haue in store the precious Iewell of pacience and arme themselues to doe good to euerie good man for the preseruation of their liues by the true rules of the Gouernment of health which here I am so bold to present vnto your worship For whereas there lacketh gouernment in a common wealth the people doe eftsoones fall into ruine The ships that lacke good gouernance oftentimes be cast away vpon sands and rocks And therefore there is nothing vnder heauen that hath life but if it lacke good gouernment it will quickly fall into vtter decay For like as the Creator of all things hath formed the bodies of all men into the goodliest shapes of euery liuing thing that euer was or euer shall be euen so hee hath ordained for man hearbes fruits rootes seeds plants gums oyles precious stones beasts foules fishes for the preseruation of health to be moderately vsed with discretion which peserueth the bodie in good estate without whose vertues the bodies cannot liue for they bee the nourishers of life But misusing or abusing them bringeth to the bodie many diseases as rheumes cathers dropsies impostumes gowts flixes opilations vertigoes blindnesse ruptures fransies with many mo noisome diseases which come thorowe the corruption of meats and ill aire For what auaileth riches honours costly buildings faire apparell with all the pompe of this worlde and to bee honoured of the people and in the meane time to bee eaten with wormes in the breast or in the bellie consumed with Agues tormented with gowtes sorenesse bone-ach c. Well I thinke an whole Codrus is better than a sicke Mydas And seeing that to possesse health is better than to gouerne golde insomuch that health maketh men more happie stronger and quieter than all maner of riches lacking health as example Great princes noble men men of great substance when they be wrapped and enclosed with many and sundry sicknesses and in dayly daungers of death in their extreme paines and passions they do more greatly couet one drop of health than a whole tunne of gold crying out for the helpe and counsell of the Phisition Whom Iesus Siracke in his godly booke did counsell all wise men to honour and whom the almightie God did create and ordaine for the infirmitie of mankinde and also medicine for his helpe and that no wise man should despise them Therefore yet againe right worshipfull knight I shall most humbly desire you to accept the good will of him which wisheth the yeares of your prosperous life and health to be equall to Nestor Arganton and Galen whose liues were long healthfull and happie And thus wishing the dayly encrease of your worship with continuall health to Gods pleasure who euer be your guide and gouernor Amen Your worships to commaund William Bullein THis booke to prayse I will not be curious Let the wise Reader with iudgement discus The sunne neede no candel to giue it more light The Eagle requier none to teach him his flight Ech fruits hath their taste and forth witnesse bring From what trees they came and had their growing So is this worke a manifest seale Of great commendacion to which I appeale The beginning scope and ende of the counsell Health to preferre and sicknesse expell Such matter digesting as they do assende Applying good medicines those euils to a mende With hearbes that doth binde or else be expulsiue Vicious humours to correct and out driue Diseases thus â—anished and health brought in place Thou maiest liue quietly and finish thy race If death then shall come whereto thou must trust Thy soule shallbe safe let him dooe his worst quod R. B. FINIS ¶ A Table of the contents of of this Booke of the Gouernement of health THe Epistle  Verses in meeter against surfetting commending moderate diet  Verses in praise of the Book Of the Epicures lifâ— Fol. 1 Heliogabalus court fitte for Epicures ibidem Belly gods plagued 2 Fruites of inordinate banquets ib. Variety of opinions ib. An obiection against physicke ib. God author of phisicke 3 God ordained hearbs for the health of men ib. The praise of Phisicke 4 A definition of phisicke ib. Sundry sectes of phisitions 5 Phisicke diuided into fiue partes ib. The discription of the foure complexions 6 The discription of the foure lements 7 Creatures compound of mo elements than one 8 Elements felt not seen ib. The 4 complexions diuided into foure quarters of the yeere ib. Meates and medicines bee knowen â— The bringing vp of children 10 Best time
whence the veines doe spring and the stones of generation from whence the seed of life springeth but those compounded members that bee principall bee all the other members except the simple as the nose the eares the eies the face the necke the armes and legges and the braines and chiefe substaunce of our flesh bee compounded members of sinewes and couered with panacles which bee of a sinew nature but that sinewes giue féeling to all the whole bodie euen as the arteries giueth spirituall bloud from the heart to euerie member The whole body is couered with filmes and skinnes Out of the head springeth hard matter issuing from the places called the pores to purge vapours and smoke from the braine which ascendeth out of the stomacke into the head and is cleansed through pia mater called the tender couering of the braine or spirites animall And therefore as some partes of the bodie being diuided in sunder be each like vnto the other and yet called by the name of the whole as for example When the bones be broken in sunder or the flesh cut into diuerse péeces or the blood powred into sundrie vessels a péece of flesh is still called flesh a fragment of a bone is called a bone and a droppe of blood is called bloud Euen so an hande arme veyne or such like vnseparate partes beeing diuided into péeces or called by the name of péeces and not by the name of the whole part as is before But my friend Iohn to make a large description of Anatomie it were too long for mee but shortly I will say some thing And first the definition thereof is when the bodie of a dead man or woman is cut and opened and the members diuided or for the want of dead bodies to reade good bookes as Galen Auicen c. And it behooueth them that cutteth a deade corpse to note foure things First the nutrimentall members as the liuer with the veynes the second is the members spirituall as the heart with the arteries the third is the animall members as the head braines and sinewes the fourth and last be excrements of the bodie as armes legges skin haire c. Of these said members with the bones is all the bodie compounded And like as euerie trée and hearbe haue their rootes in the earth and their braunches springeth vpward euen so the rootes of mankinde haue the beginning in the braine and the sinew and branches groweth downeward in the which braine dwelleth the vertues of imagination fantasie memorie c. And these animall vertues be placed as it were heauenly aboue al the mēbers communicating their heauenly influences down vnto the heart as to a prince or chiefe ruler within the body which giueth life to euery part thereof Thou shalt consider that the hart was the first that receiued life from the spirites and shalbe the last that shall die Note also that as there be noble sences giuen to the body as seeing hearing smelling tasting féeling euen so nature hath foure principall vertues first Attractiue the second Retentiue the third Digestiue the fourth Expulsiue Attractiue is that by the which euery part of the body draweth the food of life serueth the vertue disgestiue and the Retentiue doeth holde the meate vntill it be readie to be altered and changed Digestiue doth alter and maketh the foode like vnto the thing that it nourisheth as fleme bloud c. Expulsiue separateth them from the other the good from the bad Thou oughtest also most chiefly to learne the knowledge of the veines and for what sicknesse they must bée opened and what medicins either in sirups or pils thou must vse And first marke this figure of the Anatomie here present before thee with the heauenly signes because I haue not painted at large the seuerall parts of the said Anatomie The middle veine of the forehead is good to be opened against Megrim forgetfulnes passions of the head And they that be let blood of this or any other veyne must first haue their head purged with pillule Chochi Rasis or some purgation but first vse thinges to extenuate matter as syrruppe of Buglosse c. Against Leprosy and deafnes Let bloud the two veines behind the eares and vse the said pilles or els pillule Aurea Nicholai or Arabice or cōfectio Hameth minor Against replexion or too much blood or bloud in the eies flowing in the head vpon the temple veines called Artiers for they bée euer beating And vse to purge with pillule Artritice Nicholai or puluis ad epithema Hepatis Against Squinancie stopping the throte and stopping of the breath Let bloud the veines vnder the tongue And for this vse Philoniūmaius Necholai and Gargarismes pilule Bechie and oxymel Simplex Ueines called Originales open not without great counsaile of a learned Physicion or cunning Chirurgion They be in the necke and haue a great course of bloud that gouerneth the head and the whole body Against short winde and euill bloud aproching to the heart and spitting bloud Open the vaine called Cordiaca or heart veine in the arme Use thinges to extenuate as Aromaticum Chariophillatum Mesue serapium ex Absinthij in colde time serapium Boraginis hote time and pillule stomachi Agaynst palsie yellow Iaundies burning heats and apostumations of the liuer Open the liuer vein vpon the right arme Take Serapium exendiue Diamargariton frigidum Auicennie Against dropsy open the veine betweene the belly and the braunch the right side against the said dropsy and the left side against the passions of the milte but bée not rash vnlesse ye haue the consaile of one well seene in the Anothomie Use pillule Hiere cum Agarico Agaynst the stopping the secrete tearmes or fluxions of women or helping the Emerods and purging sores Open the veine called Sophane vnder the ancle Theriaca Andromachi Pillule Mastichine Petri de Ebano Within twentie houres after one is infected with the pestilence comming sodenly Open the vein betwéen the wrest of the foote and the great toe Use Serapium Cichorij and Pillule pestilentialis Ruffi Against stinking breath Open the veyne betwéene the lip and the chin Use for this Catharicum imperiale Nicho Alexandri Against the toothake Open the veine in the roofe of the mouth And first purge with Pillule Choci Rasis or with pilles of masticke Against quartens tercians and paines of the left side Open the splene veine commonly called the low veine with a wide cut and not deepe For Chirurgions nicely pricking or opening veynes with little Scarisfactions doe let out good pure bloud and still retaine grosse colde and drie earthly matter to the great hurt of their patients And albeit many more veynes might here be spoken of and their vtilities yet this shall well suffice by Gods grace to kéepe all people in health that vpon iust cause haue these veynes opened except olde men women with childe and children vnder xiiii yeares of age or men after diuerse agues For
ought to bee twise in the Moneth for the conseruation of health but that which is more doeth hurt the bodie There is another kinde of the clensing of the body by sweating as with hot drinkes warme clothes perfumes made of Olibalum brimstone niter c. There is also bathes and sweating in hot houses for the pockes scurffe scabbes hemerodes piles which hot houses haue the vertue of helping the saide diseases But if any that be of an whole temperate complexion do sweate in drie hot houses it doth them much harme as hyndring their eyesights decaying their teeth hurting memory The best bathing is in a great vessel or a litle close place with the euapuration of diuers sweete hearbes wel sodden in water which haue vertue to open the poores softly letting out feeble and grosse vapors which lieth betwene the skinne and the flesh This kinde of bathing is good in the time of pestilence or feuer quarten in the end of the bathes it is good to anoint the body with some swéete oyle to molifie and make soft the sinewes And thus to conclude of bathing it is verie holsome so that it be not doone vppon an emptie stomacke palsies may come thereby or to take sodaine colde after it there foloweth an other purgation called neesing or sternutacion which is beneficial for the bodie if it be vsed vpon an empty stomacke Twyse or thrise in a morning with a leafe of Bittony put into thy nose it helpeth memory good against opilation stopping and obstructions Suppositers be good for weake people or children made with Hieria Picra and hony made in the length of a finger Scarifiyng or boxing as Galen saith applied vnto the extreme partes as the legges and the armes doth great helpe vnto the body in drawing watery humour away from the body but boxing is not good for the brest applied thereto in hote feuers is daungerous Glisters made according to arte be good for them whieh be too weake to take purgation The maner of the said glisters because they be not here to be spoken of at large I entend by Gods grace to set forth in my next book of helthful medicins Purgations venerous there be so many practicioners thereof that I neede to write no rules but this that affection lust and fantasie haue banished chastitie temperance and honestie Ioh. Plaine people in the countrie as carters threshers ditchers colliers and plowmen vse seldome times to wash their hands as appeareth by their filthynes and as verie few times combe their heads as it is seene by floxe nittes grease fethers strawe and such like which hangeth in their haires Whether is washing or combing things to decorate or garnish the body or els to bring health to the same Hum. Thou séest that the deere horse or cowe will vse friction or rubbing them selues against trees both for their ease and health Birdes and haukes after their bathing will prune and rowse them selues vpon their braunches and perkes and all for health What should man do which is reasonable but to kéepe himself cleane and often to wash the handes which is a thing most comfortable to coole the heate of the liuer if it bee done often the handes be also the instrumentes to the mouth eies with many other thinges commonly to serue the bodie To wash the handes in cold water is very holsome for the stomake and lyuer but to wash with hot water engendreth rheumes wormes and corruption in the stomacke because it pulleth away naturall heate vnto the warmed place which is washed Frication or rubbing the bodie is good to be done in mornings after the purgation of the belly with warme clothes from the head to the brest then to the belly from the belly to the thighes legges and so forth So that it be done downwarde it is good And in drie folkes to be rubbed with the oyle of camomill Kembing of the head is good in mornings and doth comfort memorie it is euil at night and openeth the pores The cutting of the haire and the paring of the nailes cleane keepeing of the eares and teeth be not only thinges comely and honest but also holsome rules of Phisicke for to be superfluous things of the excrements Ioh. The chiefe thing that I had thought to haue demanded the very marke that I would haue thee to shote at is to tell me some thing of dieting my selfe with meate and drinke in health and sickenesse Hum. There is to be considered in eating the time of hunger or custome the place of eating and drinking whether it be colde or hote also the time of the yéere whether it bee Winter or Summer also the age or complexion of the eater and whether he bee whole or sicke also the things which be eaten whether they be fish or flesh fruits or herbes Note also the complections and temperaments of the said meates hot or colde drie or moyst and most chiefly marke the quantitie and so forth And like as lampes doe consume the oyle which is put vnto them for the preseruation of the light although it cannot continue for euer so is the naturall heate which is within vs preserued by humiditie and moystnesse of bloud and fleugme whose chief engenderer be good meates drinkes As Auicen saith de ethica When naturall heate is quenched in the bodie then of necessitie the soule must depart from the bodie For the workman can not worke when his instrument is gone So the spirits of life can haue no exercise in the body when there is no naturall heate to worke vpon Without meate saith Galen it is not possible for any man to liue either whole or sicke and thus to conclude no vital thing liueth without refection and sustenaunce whether it be animall reasonable or animall sensible without reason or any vital thing insensible both man beast fish and worme trée or hearb All these things be newtrified with the influence or substaunce of the foure Elementes or any of them Ioh. Well Humfrey thou knowest my complexion and disorder of my diet what remedy for me that haue liued like a riotter Hum. I know it well thou arte flegmatike and therefore it is long yer thy meate be disgested When thou dost eate fish and flesh together it doth corrupt in thy stomack and stink euen so doth hard cheese and cold fruits And olde poudred meates and raw hearbes ingender euil humors so the diuersity of quality quantity of diuers meats doth bring much paine to the stomack doth engender many diseases as thou maist reade in the first booke of Galen Inuementis membrorum cap. iiij And the Prince himselfe sayeth in 3. prim doct 2. cap. 7. Saying nothing is more hurtfull than diuerse meates to be ioyned together For while as the last is receyuing the first beginneth to digest And when the table is garnished with diuerse meates some rosted some