to gratifie them and helpe them to his power and so courteously win the good wils and friendly fauor of all souldiers his equals to instruct and courteously to admonish euerie souldier priuatelie and apart what appertaines to his duetie This Caualliere must be able also to traine souldiers to make them march in orderly proporcions to cast them in Ringes Esses Snailes Hearses Squadres to receiue and giue charge to faine skirmishes onsets retraites and how to order any number of Souldiers from a hundreth to fiue hundreth for so manie may be in a band and vnder one Ensigne as the Swiâ—…ers and Germains yet vse at this day and as in former ages our Countriemen haue vsed which in some respects may passe without reprehension If a Captaine be disposed to haue so manie vnder his Ensigne when hée is not able to bring the number vnto a whole Collonelship together with the knowledge of the order how to traine hée must indeuour himselfe to be perfect in drawing platformes in the Mathematickes in the martiall Lawes in besieging of townes batteries mynes and ech thing else belonging to Martiall discipline Let this worthie Caualliere of Saint Georges squadre haue then before his eyes such like precepts and manage of martiall affaires that he may encrease his owne credite win his countrie fame fauor of his Prince honor of his house and friends rather then for the regard of riches statelie houses liuings and such like but rather prefer prudent pollicie courage valor and approued experience before such base benefites whereby hée may attaine to the lawrell Crowne wherewith diuers mightie conquerors haue their heades adorned That hée may be an example to the reproch of such as lewdlie spend their daies in idlenes prodigalitie lust and obloquie The order of trayning Footemen necessarie to be obserued of all Sergeants Lieutenants and Cauallieres of the band FOr that the ignorance and decay of Armes in the beginning of this age and in these partes of Europe haue brought great confusion to diuers which haue rawlie and rashlie professed the same to the hazard of their liues and countrie And for that Mustering and trayning of souldiers to make them expert to seruice is one of the greatest errors hath bin committed therefore I haue thought good to borrow out of Master Stywards Booke of Martial discipline his maner and forme of trayning which I find in him set downe in more plaine and exquisite maner according to the moderne vse then of any that hath hitherto written so particularlie either in our owne tongue or in any other forraine language wherein the Authour doth merite great commendations whether the same procéedes of his owne experience or that he hath drawne it out of other mens trauailes But first before I enter into particulars I thinke it good to set downe what Charecters I meane to vse in these discriptions that they may bée the better vnderstood together with other notes appertaining to these present directions The Letters and Charecters C for Captaines L for Lieutenants S for Sergeants D for Drums F for Fiftes s for Hargabusiers a for Archers b for Halberdiers p for Pikes h for Horsemen The Orders which are to be obserued for the furnishing of the foresaid weapons Caliuers or Hargabuzieres or Muâ—…ketieres SUch must haue either of them a good and sufficient péece flask tutch-boxe pouder shot yron mold worme tyrebale rammer swoord and dagger and a morrion The like must the Muskete are haue with a forked staffe brest hye with a stringe to fasten to his wrest Such as serue with shot in raine mistes and windes must haue their péeces chardged and primed They must carie the tutch hoale of their péeces vnder their arme-hoales match light in their hands couertly and drie their péeces faire and cleane within and without so bée they seruiceable at all times hauing regard they kéepe their march and retyre of good distance in sunder their match and pouder verie drie and their péeces often chardged and discharged Archers or long Bowes NEcessarie it is that euery man haue a good and méete bowe according to his draught and strength light easie a light side iacke hanging loose to his knée with a skul swoord dagger nothing vpon his armes wherby in time of seruice hée may easilie draw the arrow to the head that they may deliuer the same with strength and art as Englishmen bée accustomed They must haue also a bracer and shooting gloue their stringes whipped and waxed ouer with glew their feathers drie and so is hâ—… seruiceable Pykemen THose bearing that warlike weapons especiallie the fronts where sometimes Captaines Lieutenants Sergeants and Cauallieres of bandes be oftentimes planted with Pikes and is the place for Gentlemen to serue in must haue a fayre Millan corsseâ—… with al peeces appertaining to the same that is the curats the collers the paldrons wyth the vambraces also the long taces with the burganet with sword and dagger their pykes of the vsuall length for the strength of the battaile doth consist in the same bearing the pykes on their sholders setting their thumbes vnder the same whereby it is ruled They must oftentimes practise to trayle push ward couch crosse c. as for the necessitie of the skirmish or battaile appertaineth Halberdeares or Bill-men THese bée gards vnto Captaines Ensignes which be most times chosen gentlemen of experience or Cauallieres of the squadre who as occasion serueth giue orders to the numbers in aray and the enemie approching to giue an onset certain of them bée appointed to aduance and maintaine the receit of them whose discréete leading and valiant courage doth much comfort the rest to follow the same These Cauallieres bee armed with corselets and bée placed in the hart of the battail vsuallie called the slaughter of the field or execution of the same who commonlie doe not fight but in verie great extremitie Because there is great alteration and deuision of weapons I meane to note vnto you the iust numbers to euerie hundreth at this present vsed which shall greatly profit to the making of your battailes from 100. vnto 1500. Men. Pikes Halberds Targets of proofe Shot 100 Men. 40 P. 10 H. 50 Shot 200 Men. 80 P. 20 H. 100 Shot 300 Men. 120 P. 30 H. 150 Shot 400 Men. 160 P. 40 H. 200 Shot 500 Men. 200 P. 50 H. 250 Shot 600 Men. 240 P. 60 H. 300 Shot 700 Men. 280 P. 70 H. 350 Shot 800 Men. 320 P. 80 H. 400 Shot 900 Men. 340 P. 90 H. 450 Shot 1000 Men. 400 P. 100 H. 500 Shot 1100 Men. 440 P. 110 H. 550 Shot 1200 Men. 480 P. 120 H. 600 Shot 1300 Men. 520 P. 130 H. 650 Shot 1400 Men. 560 P. 140 H. 700 Shot 1500 Men. 600 P. 150 H. 750 Shot Of Mustering and Training A Band or Companie being furnished with Officers Souldiers Armour Weapons and Munitions as aforesaid In times connenient resort whollie together to some ground necessarie to mustâ—…r march and traine
in a readinesse and resort to the place appointed which commonly is the market place being first of all vnited with his ensigne and from thence in order of aray to the enemies as they be coÌ„manded vpon the pain of the losse of his life 39 Item all souldiers being horsemen or footmen must diligently in order of aray by sound of drum or trumpet accompany the ensigâ—…e to watch ward or reliefe of the same being there silently in a readinesse to withstand or discouer the enemies as occasion shall serue to brute the alarme with the vsuall worde arme arme or bowes bowes if â—…n 〈◊〉 or anie bandes be in paie vpon paine of losse of their liuâ— 5. 40 Item all souldiers must keepe their armor and weapons faire cleane and seruiceable to a readinesse at euerie sodaine none intermedling but with his owne euerie one to helpe other to arme and diligently to resort to the place of seruice at scrie and larum vpon paine 41 Item all souldiers must honestly intreate and truely paie victuallers and artificers allowed for the reliefe being friends or enemies and with curteous words encourage such to victual and relieue the companies or campe vpon paine 42 Item all souldiers in watch ward march or otherwise shall haue special regard that if there be man or woman desirous to speake with the superiors or being thy enemies for feare doe forsake his owne power and resort to thee let such secretly be conueied to the Lord chiefe generall regarding that they view no secrets least they be double spies vpon paine of the losse of their liues 43 Item captaines and officers must oft frequent and resort vnto the souldiers lodgings to sée in what state their armor and inunitions be and to giue great charge that their furniture be alwaies in a readinesse their corslets with all peeces belonging to the same and their caliuers to be made cleane and oiled to haue match powder drie bullets fit for their peeces stringes whipped for their bowes their billes and halberdes to be kept sharpe And often to view euery particular vpon paine 44 Item he that shall depart out of the place where he shal be put by his head or any officer whatsoeuer for a lost Sentinel spy watchman scout or warder aswell by day as by night as it often happeneth to discouer some dealings of the enemy without attending and staying for him that placed him there to take him away except he should remoue in hast to aduertise his head of the successe of the enemies assaulting or doing anie outrage shall be punished with death 45 Item whosoeuer should rashly offend or hurt either in word or deedes any man belonging to the deputies or head officers of iustice or captain there being in pay for sergeants And they being appointed to carrie no other weapon with sicles or staues but billes or halberds they may be knowne for men of iustice and not for Souldiers 46 Item whosoeuer standeth within or without the campe or barres to watch or scout and doth his dutie so euill that thorow his negligence the enemy setteth vpon the campe at vnawares he shall die 47 Item he that vnder colour of doing the duetie of a scout or spie perceiuing the enemies haue assaulted the campe and he with such faining lieth still shall die for it 48 Item he that shall forsake the defence in generall or particular of the batterie of the trench of the passage of a bridge or other like to him committed but lightly not forced goeth away shal be for so offending punished with death 49 Item whosoeuer entring into a Citie taken by force followeth not his ensigne whither soeuer it shall go vntil the Generall make proclamation that euerie man shall take booties And if the general cause no such proclamation to be made that souldiers make spoile he shall incurre the paine of death and if proclamation be made that they shall cease from taking praies and booties and after licence giuen if they giue not ouer they shall fall into the same punishment 50 Item whosoeuer seeing the ensigne vnder the which he warreth in fraies or fight by chance be fallen in the hands of the enemies if he be there present and doe not his indeuour to recouer it and when it is cowardly lost to punish the souldiers which haue suffered it to be cowardly lost with death 51 Item he that shall flée from the battaile being in the face and front of the enemies or shall go slowly and slackly to ioyne and a front with them in case it be to fight a field battaile or in anie skirmish what soeuer shal be punished with death 52 Item he that shall faine himselfe sick to auoid the fighting of the enemie or because he would not goe to anie other enterprise to vse his handes but I meane there for to rob for to such affaires they will be ready inough shal be cruelly punished 53 Item whosoeuer seeing his generall or his captaine or other coronell and officer of the campe in the hand of the enemies and succoureth him not with all his power and may doe â—…t not respecting any danger shall suffer death 45 Item he that shall rob or spoile the people of the countriâ—… or subiectes or vassels of the prince 〈◊〉 sâ—…rueth shall die 55 Item he that by theft should sceale or rob the armor weapons or horses or other thing from anie other seruing against the enemies shall die 56 Item hee that should ransome or taxe or otherwise misvse the people of the countrie except they should be enemies or rebels to the prince shal be greatly punished 57 Item he that shall play at any game for his armor weapons or horses which are written vpon the roll or through his negligence shall lose them or lend giue away or lay them to pawne let him die 58 Item he that goeth further then two hundreth steppes or paces from his quarter without licence of his captain specially when the campe looketh or staieth to be assaulted by the enemies except he should be sent for by his heades shal be punished with death 59 Item he that shall goe longer then the houre appointed in the night abroad in the campe wandring except hee should be sent by his superiours for a matter of weight from head captain to head captaine by a counter-token shall be cruelly punished 60 Item he that shall lodge strangers whether he be of the campe or not without licence of the generall or of his captaine either in his lodging or vnder a tent except he be of his chamber or squadron or by the captaine appointed for seruice forth of the campe shall be punished But euerie one ought to be in the night with their Camerads and chamber-fellowes and not to be deuided from their lodgings that occasion seruing they may be ready with their weapons in their handes neither ought they to lodge watch or scouts or of the search for that the spies hauing no lodging any excuse being found
out may the better be apprehended Also if the scout-watch be taken from their quarter faining to be a souldier of the campe when they are to spie in the night they for so offending shal be cruelly punished with death 61 Item whosoeuer shall make anie wordes déedes or questions in the ward or in an ambush or in other place where respect and silence is néedfull shal be punished 62 Item he that should be reuenged of anie iniurie receiued either newly or before-time done by an indirect way that is traiterously and not by way of reason or by way of combate bodie to bodie by the licence of his Generall shall suffer death 63 Item he that should dare be so bold as to play with false cardes and dice or should vse in play anie priuy falshood theft or deceit in any wise shal be punished 64 Item he that of presumption should passe out of his place into another either before the battell or in marching should out of order make hast to go before to be the first that should come to the lodging of the campe or in marching should goe out of his rancke from one battaile to an other or he that doth not obserue the order of marching shall die 65 Item he that shall taske or ransom vpon his host or lodger or vpon any other that is not his lawfull prisoner by good order of warre and that he is lawfully taken the ransome excell not the articles of agréement that there be a iust ransome set vpon paine of punishment 66 Item he that shall enter in or goe forth by any other gate stréete or way then that which shal be accustomed into the citie pales or list or fort where the campe is lodged that is going ouer the walles or vnder some breach and not by the ordinarie gate let him fall into the paine of death 67 Item whosoeuer doth not immediately retire when hee shall heare the trumpet or drum sound the retreat either of a set battaile or of a skirmishe or batterie or of anie other fight or should goe in or come forth of the citie when the assault is giuen to the walles thereof shall die 68 Item he that speaketh or calleth or crieth aloud amongst the ordinance or in the battaile or in anie place where silence néedeth except he were a head or other officer or sergeant commanding some new order shall die 69 Item hee that shall commit anie thing whatsoeuer it be whereby it may be coniectured that it is against the prince and domageable to the generall and the campe shall die 70 Item drums and fifes must oft sound and exercise their instrumentes warning as the mouth of man to all pointes of seruice so must souldiers diligently learne and obserue the meaning of the same that none plead ignorance and neglecting their dueties to seruice appertaining Also sometimes they shall receiue from the higher officers or captaines secret commandementes by word of mouth the which must withall diligence be obserued and truely executed vpon the losse of their liues 71 Item no man in their marching through what place soeuer they shall passe shall set any thing on fire no not their cabbins and iâ—…camped place at their departing without commandement from the chief general vpon the pasue of the losse of their liues 72 Item iâ—… at any time any man shal in the time of his drunkennesse quarrell and fight with his fellowe and in so doing chance to kill him he shall in so doing receiue as great punishment by death as if he had bene sober 73 Item if any souldier doe drink himself drunke or be found drunke within the compasse of the day and night of his watch and specially if he be vnable to stand in Sentinel or do his duetie such a one must be most seuerely punished 74 Item note that souldiers shall sweare at their first entring into seruice that they will faithfully and truely serue their captaine for sixe monethes togither and when the sixe moneths are expired they shall sweare to serue him sixe monethes more if he reed them And if the captaine needeth them not so long but mindes to discharge his band the captaine shall allow ech of them halfe a monethes wages at his departing and so discharge them 75 Item there shall no man make anie showt or other stirring noise in anie corner or open place of Citie Town Castle Fort or Campe whereby any danger or inconuenience may grow vnto the companie any maner of wayes on paine of the losse of his life 76 Item he that shall disclose the watch-word to enemie or friendes except it be to such a one as hee shall be appointed by his gouernor or shall be found a sléepe in the watche scout or ward shal be punished with death 77 Item if any captaine for corruption sake shal giue licence to his own souldier or to any other souldier without the licence of the Generall to depart the campe shall receiue the same punishment that the souldier should receiue 78 Item that no souldier should goe out of the campe in the night time without the watch-word in danger of his life for if he be slaine so by the watche there is no blame to be laid vpon them that kill him 79 Item there shall no souldier go out of the campe without his armor and other weapons vpon the paine of the losse of his life 80 Item euerie captaine shal be sworne that he shall charge euery corporall vpon his oth that he shall denounce euery souldier that is vnder his charge and that is not able and meete to serue 81 Item in like case if the said corporall shall receiue anâ—…e new or strange souldier into his band his part and dutie is that he giue vnto the higher captaine knowledge thereof 82 Item no man of what condition soeuer he be shall â—… so bold as to conuey away anie offender vpon the paine of the losse of his life 83 Item that euerie souldier shall haue vpon his outermost garment some special signe or taken wherby he may be known such a one as the higher captaines shall agree vpon As for example he shall haue vpon his garment a red crosse and vpon his armour a red lace or such like whereby he may the better be knowne of his fellowes and if there be anie shall be sound without the said signes and tokens he shal be vsed as an aduersarie or enemy 84 Item that all souldiers entring into battaile assault skirmish or other faction of armes shall haue for their common crie and word S. George S. George forward or vpon them S. George wherby the souldier is much comforted and the enemy dismaied by calling to minde the ancient valeâ—… of England which with that name hath bin so often victorious and therfore he that vpon any siâ—…ster zeale shall maliciously omit so fortunate a name shal be seuerely punished for his obsâ—…ate erronious heart and peruerse mind 85 Item if anie Captaine or other Officers shall procure skâ—…mishe
and so consequently that which is vsed to the left shall go to the left By this meanes if the souldiers be accustomed to know their places put case they should be out of order yet should they be able to place themselues againe easily For the Ensignes do know alredie the place where they are accustomed to be planted in the battel and the Corporals knowing likewise their place may iudge also by ranke of eye vpon what part it is that they should place themselues so that those of the front shall steppe forwards to the front and those of the backe shall in like sort retire to their places Therefore the Corporals knowing in how many and what rankes they haue to arrange themselues it will follow that the souldiers not hauing any thing else to do but to imitate their Leaders and heads will readily range themselues euerie one in his owne place without hauing néede of any sergeant of a band nor any other to place them prouided that vse and practise hath made them perfect masters These things are instructed learned spéedily so that diligence be vsed that mē accustome themselues by little little and often the which after they haue once well learned they shall hardly forget It is moreouer necessarie to teach them to turne al at one time for it is somtimes requisite to make of the rereward the front or of one of the flankes the rereward according to the enimies face and according to the place of assault Now to answere towards the place néedful you haue no more to do but to turne your person towards the place appointed and so shall that part towards which the souldiers haue turned their faces be the front But he that would haue a whole battaillon turne all in one péece as if it were a massie body in this it were necessarie to haue great practise discretiō for to turne it vpon the left hand it is requisite to haue the left corner stay that those which be néere adioyning vnto the same do aduance themselues so slowly that those vpon the right corner be not constrained to run otherwise al wil be confounded but this may better be made apparant by experience then words The forlorne hope the light armed armed pikes are to be ranged in the front flanks rereward according to the proportion of the battell or as the seruice requires for these are to execute particular functions in cōuoyes forrages inuasions such like when it is not requisite to send great numbers of people The forlorne hope the pikemen hargabusiers are to begin the battel to fight amongst the horsemen without kéeping any order and therfore being lightly armed their office is to fight without stāding still or firme in running trauersing here there whether they pursue the enimies or be followed of them in which the pikemen wil do good seruice in backing sustaining the hargabusiers and may be able to make front to these that charge vpon them whether they be on horseback or foote or to follow those that be in flight to make entrance to thrust in amongst the enimies when they begin to stagger or sway Therfore al souldiers whether they be in maine battel in flanke forlorne hope in the impale or rereward haue néede to be well exercised that being disbanded they may immediatly finde againe their places rang themselues in the same aray they kept before wherein it is necessarie that all officers become more vigilant in execution then heretofore and the souldiers more obedient and expert in performing then at this day they be Our age brings forth Captaines more curious of gaine then of conseruing good order and troupes of officers rather to supplie number then sufficient to instruct The Ensignes thēselues are more in vse for a gallant shew then for any Militarie direction whereas the ancient Romaines did vse them for a guid whereby they knew how to put thēselues in order for euery one after the Ensigne did stay knew incontinently the place where they were to plant thēselues they knew that if the same did remoue or stand stil that they likewise ought to march or stay Therfore it is necessary that a camp haue diuers bands euery band his Ensigne wherin figures of number are to be portraited to shew what roome and place the same is of in euery regiment or armie and so consequently where the same is accustomed to be ranged And also necessarie Leaders and officers that the campe may haue diuers soules and so likewise diuers liues all souldiers then ought to gouerne thēselues according to their Ensignes according to the sounds the which being ordained set down according as they ought do command gouerne a whole regiment and armie The which so that it march in such sort as answeres to the batterie of the drums they shall easily kéepe their order and aray And to this end were the Flutes and fiffes found out and sounds of perfect accord for euen as men that dance by the measures of Musicke do not erre so likewise a whole battaillon which in march obeys the sound of the drum cannot breake aray and therefore the Romaines when they would change their pace when they would inflame appcase or assure the souldiers they did change sounds as the sounds did varie so likewise vsed they variety of names to them for they had the Dorike and the Phrigien sound the one did inflame the hearts of the souldiers the other did make méek appease them They had likewise other kinds of sounds as the Aeolien Iasien Lydien others the which did al serue to incite or coole the courage of men which diuersitie of batteries the Spaniards do presently verie well imitate a thing to be obserued of all good souldiers An armie that consists of diuers battaillons two or thrée fronts when they are constrained to break and are repulsed must retire one within another into the rankes of the next squadrons which of purpose are planted more thin so the first retyring enters into the 2. and the second into the 3. Note that in the first front of a square vpon the fal of any wounded or slaine souldier he the is next behind him in rank is his follower must enter and step into his roome and fill vp the void place that the front of the battel may still be maintained and so obseruing the retire of the battaillons and the renuing of their ranks we may accomplish both the Romain Gréeke discipline Those battaillons which are most necessarie to be had in vse ought to consist of pikes marching before the Ensigne behind it and on the flanks carrying light Uenecian rundels and targets on their backes and in the midst about the Ensigne the halberdeares must stand prouided alwayes that the notable personages good souldiers for seruice be dispersed as well in the flanks behind as before and not to put them all to one
before the army approch the lodgings alwayes are in a readines To euerie 12. Ruiters commonly there is allowed a wagon with 4 horses or to sixe a cart with two horses and their knights are about one third part of the number of their horsemen The Lance knights also encampe alwayes in the field verie strongly two or thrée to a cabinet their pikes armour standing vp by them in a redines so orderly placed with stréets so conuenient cleanly preserued that their campe is no lesse holesome then strong I haue séene sixe thousand of them lodge in sixe or seuen acre of ground which proportion differeth not much from that of the old Romains The high Marshall as well for the ordering of sconts as all other matters of importance in the campe is to giue order and at the setting of the watch his trumpets ought first to sound and then all the residue of the trumpets in order to answere euerie one to his seueral quarter and in the morning al the trumpets should assemble before the Lord Lieutenants tent and there to sound the reliefe of the watch but no man must vpon paine of death remoue from his charge vntill the warders be come out then may euerie man depart to his rest In the fielde at a day of seruice though there be a Generall of the horsemen yet is it the place of the high Marshall to serue there as chiefe to appoint in how manie troopes the horsemen shall diuide themselues and which shall charge which stand for their rescue and to prohibite that vpon euerie crie amongst the footemen of march Cauallarie or forward horsemen they doâ—… not remoue disband or giue charge but onely by knowne counter signes and watch words from the Generall that inuasions may be made at due times and when necessitie requires not for euerie trifle or priuate danger of some persons for otherwise their disbanding out of time may arise to be ruine and losse of an armie in a day of battell If any prisoners be taken in the fielde they ought forthwith to be enrold in the Marshals booke and then if any make claime to any other mans prisoner the Marshal as iudge to determine who shall haue him and for euerie prisoner brought into the Marshall sea and enrolled in the Marshals booke his fée is eight pence he is also to haue of al booties taken in the field brought into the campe the third part but as well for this as other his fées they are by the General to be limited at the beginning as shall be thought reasonable Finally the high Marshal ought to be a man of such perfection that he know the duetie of euerie inferiour officer and be able to reforme their misdéeds and that of his owne knowledge The handling of small matters must be committed to his Prouost who ought to be a chosen person alwayes retaining the greater causes and such as concerne life to be heard by himselfe who for his greater reputation and to be knowne from other officers he should haue a Cornet or guidon borne before him in the fielde as I haue séene the pages seruants wiues and women in Don Iohn of Austria his campe attend in no lesse good order then any well gouerned band And for as much as it appertaineth chiefly to the high Mashal to gouerne the execution of the Militarie lawes I therein refer him to my first booke wherein I thought it more necessary to be set downe then in this place to the intent the souldiers may dayly heare their dueties and not to offend through ignorance vnto which lawes some thinke it necessarie that not onely euerie Captaine and Collonel should be sworne but also after the old Romaine manner euery particular souldier at his entring into pay or at the consecration of the Ensigne to make his oath ioyntly vnto them both for which cause the Romaine warfare was termed Militia Sacrata The oathes that euerie officer ought to take of what office soeuer he be Of the Pretor THe Pretor Aduocate or Coadiutor to the Marshall being learned in the Martiall Ciuill and commmon Lawes shall take his oath giuen him by the Generall shall sweare by almighty God that whatsoeuer he shal iudge ordain or determine in court or out of court that he shal kéepe it close secreat to his liues end that he shal be true and iust to the Lords and that he shall execute iustice to his vtmost power and that he shal not during the wars take any gift of any man for any matter in controuersie to be tried before him but shall vse indifferent iustice to al meÌ„ without respect of persons friendship or malice as God shall helpe him at the dreadfull day of iudgement Of the Prouost Marshall HIs oath is likewise giuen by the Generall that he shall sée al faults duely and according to the lawes punished in al offenders without regard or respect of persons That he shall in the market place set vp a paire of gallowes as well for the terrour of the wicked as to do execution vpon them that offend the lawes Also that he shall set on al victuals brought to the market a reasonable price that the seller the buyer may reasonably liue by it and that he exact nothing behind his duetie of any man that he neither vse extorcion or briberie that he let no prisoner takeÌ„ of the enimie or offender otherwise to his witting escape with other Articles contained in his office at the discretion of the General the which he must be sworne vnto The master of the watch the Purueyor for victuals the fire master must likewise take their oathes as it is here set downe in the 4. 5. and sixt booke of these Directions The Clarke or Notarie of the Court. THe Notarie shall be sworne before the twelue Iudges of the court that he shall truely and without fraude exercise his office not adding or diminishing for friendship malice or briberie any thing deliuered to him in court or elsewhere to the hinderance of equitie and iustice that he precisely kéepe vndefaced and vncancelled all the records and the whole actes and dealings of all men hanging in the court whether they be tried or vntried in controuersie and not determined and that he kéepe and conceale all things which he heareth in the court either said or doone as ended or determined secret and close to his liues end and if he do otherwise he shall haue the lawe prouided for such an offendour Of the common Cryer of the court HE shall take the like oath before the Iudge to doe trulie and faithfully his office at all times and in all places according as the Iudge shall commaund him so that through his diligence there be no fault found in him at the court day and that he kéepe close and secret all such matters as he shall heare handled by the Iudges vntill his liues end as God helpe him Directions for the marching of
his prefixed and limitted bonds of the other bancke by the violent course of the running of the water The which bounds marks ought to be fore-seene and the largenes of the Riuer artificially measured if the same be desired to be doone exactly that iustly at the same instant when néede doth require he may serue his turne neyther with more nor lesse number of barkes or boates then so manie as is necessary for the breadth of the Riuer for if there shoulde bee more or lesse there would arise great confusion or disturbance Thys arteficiall brydge is an instrument very much vsed amongst great Armies in the warres at these dayes as was manifest by the preparation of one made at Namures for Don Iohn of Austria and this figure following is the forme thereof It shall be sometimes good to plant Souldiours vppon this bridge who may be able to withstande and repulse the enemies vpon the other shore that they doo not displant the same but that you may be able to recouer the shore and sustaine the bridge The Anckers béeing cast and Cables ready to let at large it is necessarie to let the head of the bridge slyppe downe slackly and be disseuered from the banckside where it was ioyned together which you are determined to leaue and to aspect the running of the water carry the bridge to the otherside of the Riuer ayded by the industry of those men that be vpoÌ„ it to make the passage more easie The Armie béeing passed the Riuer the bridge being disseuered péece from péece drawne on lande the boords nayled to the boates euen as they bee must be layde vppon a broade Waine or Wagon made of purpose for the carriage of them after the Armie so shall the boate remaine with the bottome turned vp towardes the skyes and the boordes ioyned together lye flat vpon the wagon vnderneath readie for any other action Prouision of Horses and Oxen will easily conduct these Engines after the Campe whilst the boate and the boords be nailed together and layde vppon a carriage prepared of purpose for the same as before appeareth Hee must make meanes to haue a sufficient number of people and of apt proportion to make gard and watch about the Artillary munition arteficiall fire waines wagons other things necessary for the siege of the enemy with diuers other accidents the which people must goe with him continually day and night to kéepe good and perfect watch Besides this he must haue a band of Pyoners of conuenient and sufficient quantitie who ought to haue a carefull and vigilant Captayn that may alwayes guide them vnder an Ensigne that they may be the more vnited together and the better conducted and gouerned Hée must moreouer fore-sée that lykewise they be defended and assured from inuasion of the enemies with a good number of souldiours whilst they make the wayes euen and perfect where the impediments thereunto appertayning and all the Campe must passe The sayd Pyoners must be prouided oâ—… Spades Pickeares some with Leauers Crowes of Iron Baskets Whéele barrows and other Instruments apt to such vse and affayres â—…o plant Artillarie and to entrench the place in the Campe that shall be by the prouest Martiall assigned for Munition It shall be very conuenient if it were possible to pay theÌ„ their wages euery night for since they are not men of estimation and honour such as men of warre be and right souldiours they oftentimes wil depart without lycence at their own pleasure Neither haue they respect of incurring danger of punishment or hazarde of life no nor to bring great discommoditie to an Armie The which through the benefite of theyr worke is very well accommodate and strengthened in diuers respects not onely touchching the foresaid causes but also to make Trenches Gabions Mynes Ditches straight and crooked and all other platformes conuenient and necessary for the Armie The great Maister of the Artillarie must haue about him a Squadron which may be called the Gentlemen of the Artillarie Lanze spezzate or Caualiers of the Cannon such as I haue described in my seconde Booke to be of S. George his squadron in which booke they may reade speciall notes about their duties speciallie in the Chapters of discoueries These Caualieres euerie one hauing the ouersight of a Péece especially at a battery when they must see continually that the Gunners doe their duety I would wishe to be very sufficient personages to the intent they may be able to know how to execute the great Maisters ordinances in things necessary to be performed in so great actions and that particulerlie they desire to be accounted discréete and modest souldiours whose office is continually to sollicite and kéepe in order such men as be vndiscreet and rude Not onely the great Maister and his other Officers but also these worthy Caualieres ought to be of sufficient vnderstanding and experience to know howe to charge euery Péece and afterwardes be able to perceiue as néere as is possible what effects the shotte of euery Cannon will worke the shotte of euery Culuerine the demie of them both and likewise what euery Peece is able to performe to the intent he be not alwaies ouer-ruled by the iudgement of euery Gunner which his experience is both profitable to his Prince and commendable to his proper credite and reputation It is a speciall note for them to obserue that Wine Uineger be apt to coole and refresh the Artillarie when it is ouer hote through often shooting In these and such like matters hee must delight himselfe that he may be of perfect experience and be fullie prouided for all exployts that may fall and for any other notable respect worthy of great consideration Hée must take assured order that the Péeces of Artillarie be well planted vpon theyr cariages forceablie substantially and in respect of the performance of this seruice hee must carrie with him more then the ordinarie store of Spades Shouels Barrels Salt Spokes Plates Naues Axâ—…ltrées broad Nailes Spykings and other ordinarie yron worke that he may vpon a suddaine with the helpe of a Smith and Carpenter and other like Artificers which are appointed in cases of such néede yéeld a supply to all such things which shall be lost broken and destroied in a long voyage or els by many volles of shot Note that the great Maister ought to haue good vnderstanding and experience how to prepare with great aduantage with Gabions and Rampiers of earth or with wooll packs the place where the batterie must be planted to the intent the said batterie may take effect that the flankers and curtine may spéedily and with little charge be battered ruinate that all things may succéede according to his determination in as perfect order as is possible and that it may take away and make frustrate all the enemies defences bursting and displanting theyr Péeces tormenting them in as terrible sort as he can deuise procuring and alwaies fore-séeing that there
whatsoeuer but that he must gaine the same by a long siege Fyrst he must with al dilligence and good counsaile oftentimes discouer and view the situation of the place and choose the seate where hee may Encampe and lodge his Souldiours Aboue all things he must beware that he plant himselfe in such a place as that the ayre become not corrupted taking for example Mounsieur de Lawâ—…rec at the siege of Naples who by his occasion besides the ouerthrowe of his enterprise lost both all hys Armie and his owne lyfe with the ruine of a great part of the Nobility of Fraunce That he choose likewise a place that is proper for his purpose through the commoditie of wood and water and other necessary things for mans sustenaunce and couert and safe from danger of the enemies Artillary as much as is possible If the place that hée dooth besiege be great and furnished with great number of Footemen and Horsemen which be able to make sallies and come to skyrmish he must incontinently take order that hys Campe bee fortifyed in such sort as he shall thinke most conuenient to fronte the force of the enemie Thys doone he must take from the enemies all the commodities he can as water and all other things which may yéeld them sustenaunce or reliefe and to reduse them to the greatest necessity he can Moreouer it hath béene séene by experience that to deuide an Armie and to make it ouerweake when it is neere a Cittie is a very dangerous thing principally when there is great force of braue and valiant Souldiours within the Towne As fell out at the siege of Florence where two Chiefes were elected the one on thys side the Riuer Arno towards the North which were the Almaines and the other towards the South where was the person of the Generall with the greatest force of the Armie Florence therefore to deliuer it selfe from such continuall toyle did sallie out by night and assault the Almaine Armie with such furie that had there not béen great disorder amongst the assailants the Almaine Armie had entirely béene ouerthrowne and Florence had béen deliuered from siege on that side Wherefore I thinke the most assured and the easiest way is to enclose and restraine the besieged Towne by means of Forts as was practised in the warres at Mirandell and Sienna Uisite dilligently all the waies and passages by the which succours may be giuen to the Towne besieged At euery such place you ought to make a Forte and to approoch so néere as with foure Forts or more you may enuiron all the Cittie I woulde not haue these Forts for that they be litle to be feeble neither that they should be situate in such a place but that they might ayde one another The forme which I would wish them to be of I haue héere sette foorth Afterwardes with the rest of his Armie he must plant him selfe in such a place as from thence at time of neede he may succour his Forts or at the least with one part thereof hauing fyrst sounded the force of the enemie then taking the Artillary which he shall thinke most necessary hee shall endeuour himselfe to become the Maister of the Countrey round about him specially of such places as he is able to force Héereby he may reape great coÌ„modity as well by victualles wherby he may nourish his Armie as that thereby hee shall take away from the besieged all hope of succour and likewise by that meanes cause his Armie to be feared so that the Countrey eyther through loue or feare shall neyther take occasion to rebell or yéeld him any resistance What is to be obserued when any Cittie or Fortresse is able to be expugned by battery c. to approach and besiege the same â—… Presently haue declared howe much it importeth to choose for encamping a plotte of ground commodious healthfull and assured now I will speake of the order which is to be vsed and necessary to be obserued when a Generall supposeth himselfe able to gayne a Fortresse or Cittie by maine force of Armes Fyrst the Marshall of the fielde must goe with practised souldiours and of tryed experience in the warres well accompanied to the intent they may safely viewe and consider the circuite and situation of the Towne and to sée vpon what side Trenches may be made for the planting of the Artillarie Aboue all he must be careful and prouident that the earth be of such nature and qualitie that it will receiue the Spade Pickaxe and be apt to make Trenches in and other necessary thinges to couer themselues against the enemie To thinke that a man may perfectly discouer view a Towne or Fortresse eyther in the day or in the nyght it is impossible for in the day the enemie will not giue a man leaue or leysure at leastwise if they be men of courage In the night one cannot directly and thorowly neyther discouer the flankes Bulwarks and Ditches neither behold many particularities which be necessary to him which will aptly in good order prepare himselfe to make an assault But the same discouery may be well and commodiously doone when the Trenches shall be made the which may bring him euen to the Ditches There the Generall himselfe may at his ease behold and discerne all that he desires to know Touching the manner and fashion to make the Trenches although there be diuers opinions neuerthelesse for the greater satis-faction of the Reader I haue drawne out diuers fashions which séeme to be most commodious most sure and most easie as in the sundry portratures of thys Booke dooth appeare But aboue all he must prouide that in the Trenches there be places to plant the bodie of the watch assured and in such sort as they may be able to giue succoure one to another Likewise there ought to be issues or passages to goe out of them as you may behold by thys figure Thys doone you must choose a place to plant your Artillarie with Gabions Wooll-packs and other Engines proper to those affayres and carefully take order and foresee that the Maister Gunner and Cunstable of the Artillarie and other inferiour Officers haue experience and good knowledge herein Accomodate thicke boardes or tymber close together where the battery is planted for the Artillarie to run vpon and foresee that those planckes yeelde a certaine fall and discending to towards the Cannones to the intent that after they bee recueled they may be the more easily brought againe into theyr places By this meanes the péeces shall remaine assured from running and sincking into the grounde in wette and rainie weather Diuers are of opinion that the Artillarie ought not to bee planted any further distance of from the Fortresse more then one hundred and fyftie pases if the situation of the grounde will permitte I will omitte to speake of the qualitie of the Artillarie Onely I say that according to the vse in this age the Cannons ought to bee of thréescore renforced in
Munition what length of time must be imployed to batter this by the blowes of the Cannon first 60. foote of the defence of the earth and as much of the shouldâ—…r made to the wall this masse of earth béeing a matter soft which cannot be disseuered or dispersed as I presuppose it should be shal it not defend the sholder that stands behinde from receâ—…uing any domage And if the case be thus what feare is to be had the Townes being fortified by this meanes but that they shall be able to defend themselues from any violence or fury of Artillary For whilst the defences remaine whole and entire the which serue vnto Fortresses in like case as armes legs and other members doo vnto the bodie it is certaine that they may assure themselues from falling into the hands of the Enemy Now this masse of earth being placed as I haue said may be named a Countergarde the which may be so placed that it shal not any thing hinder the flankers or defences of euery Bulwark but that they shall be able to behold and fréely to discouer all that whatsoeuer shal show and present it selfe alongst the same as may be more plainly iudged by the view of the draughts and platforms of this inuention which I haue set out at the ende of this discourse But to the end euery thing may be the more plainly vnderstood I wil particulerly thus set downe all the parts First betwixt the Countergard and the Counterscarpe the which is the bounds and space of the ditch the said ditch shal be at the least 80. foote large and 25. or 30. déepe as is shewed in this figure following by the place marked with A. In the bothome of the said ditch must bee made another little ditch which shall be made 20. foote large and 20. déepe made in forme of this letter V. marked with B. Thys little ditch shal be distant and stretched out from the Countergard 10. or 12. foote which space is marked C. At the foote of the sayde Countergard the little wall must be placed surmounting the brinke of the water as I haue made mention of héere before coated with D. Betwixt this littâ—…e wal and the Countergard a little Allie shal be left or spare of 4. foote large marked with this letter E. The masse of earth called Countergard must be made in the fashion of a Kampart but quite contrary to those which haue béene accusâ—…omed to be placed behind and against the walles of Fortresses For in stéed that the Ramparts ordinarily haue theyr accesse towards the body of the Cittie this shall haue his back turned towards the Champaine and the Front towards the Cittie the which backe shall be made in the forme of a ridge slyding and leaning downe all alongst from the top euen to the bothome as doth the side of a roofe of a house except that in the very top and height of the Countergarâ—… there must be 8. or 10. foote of explanade or flat grounde marked thus with F. And for that I haue before made mention of the wall which must sustaine the Countergarde also of the second dry ditch which must be betwixt the Countergarde and the wâ—…ll that doth enclose the Fortresse Let this figure following sufâ—… for the vnderstanding both of this and the rest But to the intent the Reader may vnderstande the perfection of this worke the better I will in part expound the properties circumstances therof wherunto euery one doth particularly serue Touching the proportion and body of the fortification as Curtins bulwarks sholders flanckes and Caualieres I presuppose that they are made in such due forme and order as hath béen accustomed to be vsed of those the be perfect Maisters in this arte saue that I would haue the Curtines from the 〈◊〉 bend inward in Angle like a paire of tonges or forke wherby it shal be very hard to place any Artillary to batter theÌ„ and if it should be so that they were battered yet might they bee well defended by the opposite sides whereby an infinite number of Assailants should lose theyr lyues béeing so wel defended on all sides and doo moreouer make this fortification more forceably and longer time to resist continue against the Mattocke Spade and such rowâ—…ing Trenches as were made by the great Turke at the expugnation of Rodes and Famagosta But to procéede to my former promise first the circute of the wall and the enclosure of this Fortresse is not needfull to be made so great and so thicke as hath béene accustomed to fashion them that is to say from 12. to 15. foote but it will suffiâ—…e to giue them 7. or 8. foote in the foundation For by this inuention the wall is not subiect at all to the battery neither to be thrust downe loden by the Rampart because there shall néed to be none if it to séeme good as a thing not very necessary But if any Ramparts of earth be made let them not with their massiue heauines thrust downe the standing wall to auoyâ—…e the which in clothing the 〈◊〉 and Curtines with walles after you haue planted the foundations which may be of the largenesse of 5. or 6. foote or more straite the wall on the outside must bee made according to the ordinary custome but within you 〈◊〉 from 25. to 25. foote apply thereunto Counterforts other wise called Spurs which are in length 15. foote and large 2. or 3. foote at the discretion of the workman betwixt the which Spurres the wall must not stand bolt vpright within according to the ordinary fashion whether it be in height or in largenes but the height must be like vnto a renuersed héele leaning or as if it would fal reeling and bend groueling vpon the Rampart And if necessity require to giue it more strength at the foote to the intent it may the better support the heauy burden of earth Moreouer the space betwixt the one Counterfort and the other must be made in round like vnto a vaute making the Spurres to serue for proppes and stayes The commodity which thys wall bringes is that it is exempt from great charge from the violent thronging thrusting of the earth The stones thereof being battered in by the Cannon wyll close and knit together with the earth and so make great resistance besides they will not very much fill the Ditch when they are abated rather falling toward the Rampart then otherwise And the sayd Rampart hauing taken the proportion of a renuersed wall wyll make a strait shape like vnto the first face of the wall And for thys respect although the wall were taken away ruinated it can neyther fall nor slyde and wyll make Fronte receiuing anie domage But to continue on my first discourse hauing begun with the wall which dooth enuiron the circuit of the Fortresse or Cittie I wyll goe on and presuppose that the Ditch which is made betwixt the wall and Countergarde hath 36. foote in
of Armies as also that due order in Camps may be maintained let him therfore imitate the auncient Romans the very Maisters of the arte of war who neuer coueted other then y◠plaine to campe vpon entrenching thēselues nightly in as strong sure manner as if the enemy had encamped by them and that euen in places vtterly voide of all suspition to make these millitary trauails familiar vnto them and to auoide those idle or rather dissolute effrenate pastimes that our Christian Campes are bewitched withal to the vtter ruine of all good Millitary discipline and confusion of our Armies In a running Campe the readiest fortification is to impale it round with the cariages chayned together the sides of the carriages and horses shaded with thin boords with certain quires of paper betwixt cunningly compacted together which being accommodated to make sides bottoms and doores to the Carts carriages will serue wonderfully to empale an Army to make approches or to holde out Caliuer Musket shot Then let them bend the Artillary that waie where most suspicion is the enemy shall approch and if time wil permit to cast some Trench also without the carriages against Artillarie He must kéepe his souldiours in continuall millitary exercise and by fained allarmes to sée in what readines his bands would be if necessitie required to shew them all maner of waies how the enemie may attempt them discouering also to thē the remedy and howe they are to aunswer to those attempts for no man is borne a Souldiour but by exercise and trayning it is attained and by discontinuance againe it is lost as all other Artes and Sciences be In setling of a Campe beside the commodities of wood water and forrage the Generall must also cōsider how victuals may safely come vnto him and to leaue no Castles at his back to anoy them but that he séeke to possesse them ere he march forward for great is the anoyance that a little pyle at the back of an Army may doo as wel against forragers straglers as to cut off victuals from the Campe. The Generall is also by good plots to consider the situation of the Country how both fréend and enemy Townes lie from the Campe the hyls and vallies waies straits passages lakes riuers bridges their number quantity distance and euery particularity which may be doone by conference with his Discouerers-Guides Espyals other persons that know the Country conferring their assertions with his plots And so to consider whether the enemy may conueniently cut off his victuals or by Ambush anoy him in his march and for preuention therof to send abroad Light-horsemen Hargabuzers to garde the passages towards the enemies Garisons Before the Armie discampe all passages and waies for the souldiours and Artillary c. to passe should be discouered and skilful men appointed to lead them He ought not to suffer any band to march scattered but in battails order or at least in straits narrow passages inforce to drawe them forth in Herses and so soone as place serueth to reduce them again into the order of battaile and this is to be vsed in places of security for exercise as in places of suspect for safetie He ought to haue with him good Guides that perfecty know all passages hilles vallies c. for of the Country in generallitie the Generall himselfe ought perfectly to be informed by Plots Models wherby he shal the better conceiue any information that shal be brought him by espiall If the General haue sundry Nations vnder his gouernment it is not méete to gyue alwaies to any one Nation the Uaward considering the same being in marching towards the enemy the place of greatest honour the others will much repine against it and not without good cause The order therfore in marching should so be framed that euery Nation haue his turne without partial fauor to any one And if the number be great of any one Mercinary Nation it is not amisse to deuide thē both in marching imbattelling for sundry respects which in thys place I omit to show If any strait be kept by the enemie it is not méet first to charge them vpon the very front but to send Light-horsmen shot to skyrmish with them on either flancke and then wyth Targets of proofe to enter vpon them The Generall shold before he bring his Souldiours to deale with the enemy first in some champion place cause them to be ranged in forme of battaile making of his footmen sundry Battillions of these Battillions sundry Fronts to deuide his Horsemen also into sundry Troupes placing the men at Armes Demilances Light horsemen and Argoleteares euery Fort in seueral Troupes by themselues to cause the forlorne to issue out and skirmish thē before the Battillions as if the enemy were indéed present and vpon a signe giuen suddainly to retire The horsmen to charge and returne again to their place vpon their retire to cause certain sleues of pykes and light Armed to run out to their reskew as though the enemy did pursue them Then the Battillions of the first front to march forward bend their pikes and suddainly after the sound of the retrait to retire themselues orderly betwéen the Battillions of the second front then the second front to march forward and bend their pikes and the other that first retired to make head again vpon the enemy Last of all the Light-horsmen and light Armed footmen again to breake forth as it were to doo execution vpon the enemy fléeing which forme of trayning doth aunswer Ma. Digs his proportion of imbattelling These things if in pastime the souldiours be able orderly to performe there is good hope they wil honorably put it in execution vpon the enemy Otherwise to bring them without trayning to deale with the enemy is nothing els but to leade them to the butcherie As there is nothing more perrillous in giuing of battaile then to lay before the souldiours eyes any place of refuge to flée vnto but that the Generall should declare vnto them that there is no hope to escape but only by victory and heerin to imitate Hanniball so there is nothing more dangerous then to giue the enemy battaile in such a place where in troth hee hath no refuge or possibility to escape for that necessity maketh men desperate it vniteth them together it hath often béen séene that very small cōpanies by such like occasions beeing reduced to desperation thereupon resoluing to sell their liues déerely haue contrary to all expectation attained victory vpon their enemies in number farre greater The General must haue special care that the souldiours haue not in their faces the dust to blind them the wind to disturbe them or the sun beames to anoy them before they enter into any maine encounter the which impediments not only altogether but each one by him selfe alone doth bring great toile trouble and disaduantage Neyther let him lead his souldiours to performe any enterprise of
other doth hang in Balance as also for that he can not being drawen away with debates apply himselfe diligently to follow the warres and seruice of his Captaine the which ought to bee his chiefest obiect and end For discord amongst men of this Honorable profession doth hasten and occasion very much the destruction of their well doing and altogether hinder whatsoeuer they take in hande by reason of the suspicions discordes despite and other respectes which of necessity are commonly accustomed to growe and ensue Besides he must be so moderate in spending his wages that â—…e be not constrained before the midst of his pay either to folow the spoile or borrow of others whereof springeth a naughtie reputation and a great discredite yet notwithstanding he must not suffer himselfe to be noted for a couetous person or as some say the enimie of himselfe that is by sparing nigardly to finde a great want extremitie in necessarie things appertaining to his apparell and victuals whose expences ought chiefely to be in galant Armor and Furniture Note that the pay and wages which he receiues of his Captaine and Treasurer must not be taken or thought to serue or supplie for any other vse but to sustaine life with victuals kéepe him apparelled and maintaine his armes Therefore ought it to be gouerned discréetly and orderly at all times in what place so euer he shall remaine either in the campe ciuile cities or in his proper house as well to kéepe himselfe in health as chiefely to make apparant to his Captain the noble motion of his mind So that pricked forward by this spurre of honor and not for any other extraordinarie and base occasion a good souldier is continually constrained to winne credite despising all other dealing which ariseth for hope of commoditie and gréedy gaine the way to make a man estéemed to carrie a base minde and almost not disagréeing from brute beasts without reason For these priuate souldiers which séeke by such meanes as be extraordinarie to aduance themselues aboue their proper pay without doubt giue an euill presage of themselues and so euil that it should be better for them to applie their time in some other sort as about merchandise and other occupations rather then follow the honorable exercise of Armes which is altogither grounded vpon a noble mind valiant courage and extreame trauell of bodie He must dispose himselfe to be verie diligent in what exercise or enterprise soeuer he shall be put vnto as to make Sentinel wherein it is conuenient as I haue touched before that he be verie vigilant when it is his lot to be commanded thereunto that in doing the contrarie there succéede not a most rigorous chastisement by leauing his bodie dead behind him as it may verie well fall out and to whom it may be said I left him as I found him since sléepe is the image of death A good souldier ought continually to accompanie the Ensigne and haue speciall regard that the same fall not in danger of surprising by the enimie and that he endeuour himselfe by all meanes without anie respect of danger to preserue and recouer the same for the losse thereof is a perpetuall shame to the whole band And therefore he ought at no time to abandon the same for anie occasion but lodge himselfe so néere it as he can to the intent that amongst the rest if it be possible he may be one of the first at all rumours of armes and sodaine alarums aswel by day as night And being armed with the weapon he caries hauing conducted his ensigne to the place appointed by the head officers he may in the sight of his captaine shewing a moderate forwardnesse and desire bréed an opinion of his courage and valor so that when occasion doth offer his captaine amongst the rest may make speciall choyse of him He must for no occasion absent himselfe or go to anie far distant place about anie enterprise or bootie of picorée without the expresse licence of his captaine for he that is once become a souldier is now no more his own man but his vnder whose gouernment he is paid who desiring to serue his turne when occasions be ministred in time of warres not hauing his valiant and best souldiors present and readie about him shal not onely be made frustrate of that he would performe but sometimes also suffer and sustaine damage and onely in respect of those which be absent abroad at their owne pleasure contrarie to the consent and knowledge of the captaine He ought sufficiently to eate rest and sléep whilest time doth permit to the end he be not called for vnprouided and that he may the more readily performe all enterprises néedfull without anie discommoditie or want of abilitie which commonly do fall out vnlooked for and vpon the sodaine for in ordinarie and accustomed enterprises it is an easie thing to find euerie souldier prouided but in sodaine surprises not Besides I thinke it appertains and is proper to a good souldior to follow the wars so long as he possibly can for the increase of his experience But being constrained to returne into his countrie or into any citie fortresse or other place of defence by reason of some truce seconded by peace or through anie other accident which doth constraine him to abandon the warres then it is necessarie he fall to exercise that art wherein he chiefly hath bene brought vp either in merchandise handicraft or husbandrie or else whatsoeuer thereby to supply his necessities to exercise his bodie and to liue honestly and by that meanes flie idlenesse a thing most incident to youth who being altogither ignorant in treading the steppes of a stayed life through the small experience he hath of the world which by tract of time is obtained and by long practise specially in the exercise of Armes perswades himselfe he shall win credite and commoditie through the meanes of insolent actions which altogither ought to be abhorred through rash and prodigall brauerie which oftentimes torments innocent families and poore parentes and through galant garments and sumptuous attyre whereby they grow banckrout so that they are brought in time being intangled in those swéete traps sauest with sharpe showers to run headlong into a thousand most miserable ruines Therefore good souldiers ought specially to endeuour themselues by some commendable industrie to gaine the good grace of valorous and valiant Captaines and mightie Princes the true possessors and fathers of warre through whose authoritie and commendation they may be preferred for the faith and assured credite of all warlike and worthy souldiers doth depend vpon men of valor and not of the weake authoritie small valor and great abuse of the ignorant common people called the beast with many heads Therefore let them euer obserue the honor of the good and vertuous for since that in time of warres euerie souldier of good conditions doth sharpen his wit willingly adueÌ„ture his life not respecting toyles or trauell expences or danger
but doth imploy his industrie to preferre his princes profite by great reason in time of peace he ought to be aduanced and maintained by them and much the more for himselfe is to vse all his indeuour to compasse his owne commoditie and thereby make manifest his proper vertue the which doth not consist in outward appearance of valour and discretion but in the true action thereof agréeable to his honorable profession A souldier must apparell himselfe in the warres with cloth of fresh coulour profitable and commodious amongst the rest red murrey tauney and scarlet makes a galant shew in the fielde which he must weare to honour the Militarie profession and for his most fit and apt wearing and not to hinder the disposition of his members as doth our great bumbasted and bulstered hoose which not many yeares since hath béene vsed but in stéede of them a straite brabantie and gascaine is to be weâ—…ne togither with a close Cassocke which may shield both his 〈◊〉 tuchboxe his match and péece from raine if néede be whereby he may be readie to execute any enterprise he is commanded to performe and that of necessitie he ought to do and so arme himselfe in other respectes that he may redily do any seruice he is assigned vnto He must be willing to put in proofe all things commanded without making replie or denying any one thing or deferring â—… matter from one time to another either for feare of spoiling or spotting his apparel in foule way or foule weather or that he shal not be able to inioy commodious lodging store of victuals such other respects not to be estéemed of but worthy great reprehension Therefore it is requisite he practise himselfe first of all to be a perfect priuate souldier before he be drawne to the desire of bearing office which were to set the cart before the horses and worke by contraries For first we must learne to guid and then is it lawfull to gouerne But it is no new thing nor to be maruelled at that some men are accustomed to obtaine charges by vnlawfull and indirect meanes I will not say that they vse them accordingly Therefore to merite a charge it is alwayes farre more excellent and more conuenient to winne them by desert then to enter thereinto by intrusion for those that doe not beg them do feele in themselues their proper sufficiencie where contrariwise they are a heauie burthen to those that know them not although with great instance they haue procured sought for them Which want and vnwarie dealing in this our age peraduenture procéeds of the small néede the world séemes to haue of good souldiers at this day and of the little experience most men in our time haue of the art of warre or at least wise our superiours are blinded with the sweete baites of couetousnesse chiefe cause of such elections Yet this notwithstanding we ought to retaine with al reuerence the honour credite due to an expert and good souldier who with diligence being sought for selected as neere as is possible ought to haue the most choseÌ„ charges and expeditions giuen to their gouernmeÌ„t To the end those affaires may fal out happily to the honor of their nation profite of their Prince whilest he doth follow the wars or is in Campe let him carrie as little baggage with him as is possible that he may be the more nimble and light of bodie spéedie in his iourney or marching and the more apt for all enterprises During the warres or else not he ought to weare in some conuenient place of his garments that is most apparant to the view of the band a token red crosse or scarfe whereby in skirmishes and other attemps he is to be knowne of what part he is The Emperials vse a red scarfe Englishmen saint Georges crosse the French the white crosse 〈◊〉 or such a signe as the Generall of the fielde shall make choice of which he ought to doe willingly thereby to remoue suspition out of the mind of his Captaine and Chieftaines that they néede not to stand in doubt of him and for diuers other worthie respects since that by these and like manifest meanes the souldier shewes inward faith loyaltie to the officers and Captaines which gouerne But if otherwise they carrie the said token and marke loose at their necke brest armes or any other place it giues matter and occasion of doubt touching their sidelitie specially being but newly entertained since that not being made fast they may easily cast away or hide the same in time of perill or doubtfull fight which suspicion ought diligently to be remoued by him which carrieth an entire desire and full intent to deale truly loyally He ought likewise to beware vnder paine of great punishment for running from one campe to another for what occasion soeuer shal vrge him to it but is bound to serue that partie with which he doth first place himselfe euen vntill the ende of the warres I haue séene it likewise not lawfull that a captaine should receiue into his seruice a souldier that is departed from another Captaine of the same faction and this was obserued to the end that souldiers should be kept obedient and stedfast vnder their Ensigne where first they haue placed themselues Prouided alwayes that their Captaines intreate them honestly and well which is to be decided by the Marshall of the field Neuertheles so often as a souldier is forced of necessity to leaue the warres he ought not to depart out of his seruice but by the speciall lycence of his captain accompanied with an autentike pasport of his good seruice so shal he shun many coÌ„fusions which are great occasions of scaÌ„dals infinite troubles by means wherof he may fréely make relation of the good seruice he hath done and boldly shew himselfe before any mans face He ought to take special care that he be not the beginner and occasion of any discordes and mutinies neither consent therevnto what reason soeuer should lead him thereunto since that such peruerse proceeding doth not agrée with the worthie noble and famous art of war which is a dangerous discredite to such malefactors and for the most part without any recouerie doth procure the generall ruine of many valiant Captaines mightie armies And therfore ruffians and common hackers that liue idle in the stréetes at home and follow the wars onely for spoile are most vnfit to make souldiers for experience makes manifest that they are the onely cause of mutinâ—…s so that one such is able to corrupt and disorder a whole band Wherefore a good souldier ought rather to applie himselfe to suffer things impossible then commit so great an error for by the one great honour and praise shall redound vnto him and by the other vile act he shall gaine manifest blame and assured death for such notable errors without any remission or any pity as in part I haue before touched and her easter in the marshal
so that hée may â—…ée able to commaund them according as time place reason doth require without contradiction or appointing that to bée done of one Officer which ought to be done of an other or that hée doth commaund them to do thinges not conuenient and much lesse that which is not lawful or not honorable Which order of procéeding doth verie much displease bring mâ—…n of warre in mislike of such vndirect dealings Since the principall point and practise whereunto their exercise in Armes doth tende is to attaine Reputation Honor Credite hee must continually court his Collonel and chieftain forceing himself to be one of the first that doth salute him in the morning of the last to depart from him in the euening â—…hat thereby he may bée sufficiently instructed informed in euery particular act and practise which is to be put in execution touching the performance of any enterprise or warlike act since that in those cases a warie man may best take hold of occasion wherof hée ought to make triall in time of war the which hee is likewise to accomplish aswell for the seruice of his chiefe and Prince as also for his owne satisfaction and the honor benefit and reputation of his souldiers Let him in some sort prouide with as much aduantage and commoditie as he can that his souldiers baggage bee alwaies conducted from place to place alwaies prohibiting superfluitie and in long voiages their corslets and armeâ—… of heauie burden prouided that hée march not in suspected places and in the enimies countrie but not otherwise Let him take order that his souldiers bée light in apparell so that it be warme and haue as litle baggage otherwise loadeâ—… as may bee to the intent they may vse all their diligence about their weapons and not to hale back for feare of loosing the same but rather haue respect to the warie kéeping of their Armes and that they may rather more â—…ent and determined to feight in hope of gaine and honor then suspected through the doubt of loosing that which they already possesse Hée must not bee couetous neither retaine one penie of pay from his souldiers but rather distribute amongst them all the aduantages dead paies and Capisoldi to the intent they may bée well paâ—…ed and rewarded which merite the same so shall hée gayne honour and make them assured in perillous seruice Let him restraine souldiers from hauing horses thereby to auoid confusion for that commonly euery one must march about the Ensigne to the intent the rankes bée not broken and disturbed by horses And that souldiers bée not occupied in going abroad for forrage for their horses as of necessitie they must which is proper to horsemen and not to footmen but onely those which are to bée permitted with the Lieutenant the Alsierus and some of the Cauallieres of Saint Georges squadre that are Gentlemen of greatest experience for that they may serue in stéede and place of light horsemen to view discouer conduct and carie a 〈◊〉 or commaundement with great spéede when and where néede â—…oth require It is necessarie for him to haue some knowledge and sight in making bulwarkes trenches platformes skonces fortresses and such like to know the nature and qualitie of them aswel that with aduantage hée may bée able to know how to assault as also to make them with facilâ—…tie in times and places most necessarie which vnderstanding and art is particularly conuenient for him considering the defence of men of warre in the field for the most part consistes aswell in trenches bulwarkes and perfect platformes as in a good and well gouernéd squadre and maine battaile Hée must haue with him a pâ—…ire of Lanternes for the campe some cressets linkes or torches that blowe not out with the winde and such like to vse in the night and in stormes and tempestes for seruice of the companie as in Roundes Alarâ—…nis c. And for his proper commoditie and ornament a Pauillion or Lent of sufficient capacitie vessels to accommodate his victuals and furniment for the fire and kitchin of small weight and disturbance in carriage and certain houshold stuffe necessarie for himselfe and his traine to the intent hée may so néere as is possible commodiously make supplie to the continuation of things requisite for victuals Hée ought alwaies to lodge with his band and remain with the same both in good and euill and continually shewe himselfe louing and courteous and take such part as the souldiers do for contrariwise taking his ease and suffering them to bée lodged or fed miserably bréedeth him hatred or contempt Neither ought hée to shun toile and trauaile but carefullie take delight and liking to bée alwaies the first that with prouident prudence doth lay his hand to any worke or performe any enterprise which is conuenient to bée done for that for the most part the rude stubborne multitude of souldiers is not constrained and forced so much to do his dutie by compulsion as they be voluntarie moued therunto through shame and a reuerent respect they haue to the example of their superiour Neither let the practise of the same bée painfull vnto him for that to liue at ease and to bée curious of his owne commodious being and suffer his souldiers tast the toiles of trauaile is rather the order of a delicate Prince then of a carefull and coragious Captaine Let him not faile euery night that hée is of the watch to send his Sergeant to take the woord secretly of the Sergeant maior where with the watch of that night ought to bée gouerned or of some other that shall bée appointed to giue it which hée must vse wisely and warely since that negligence in like cases may bée the ruine of him and his companie and consequently of a whole armie Hée must haue tried experience and full practise in all the points noted of mée in my two first Bookes and bée perfect in the conduct of Martiall affaires that with great facilitie hée may bée able to know and with great aduise to deale in all the particulars belonging to all the degrées of souldiers vnder his estate and of lesse estimation then a Captaine It behooues him to carie a valiant and coragious hart that vpon all suddaines hée may bée able to execute all enterprises and that hauing ouer viewed ordered and disposed those things that bée necessarie hée may bée able to execute the same with such prompt and readie dexteritie as appertaines to the terrible and bloodie accidents of armes And although there bée verie few who haue such happie successe as they may bee accompted fortunate and politike both together Neuerthelesse it is requisite he bée prudent discypher and looke before hand into such things as are like to fall out that hée may with discréete modestie vse either good or euill fortune whether soeuer shall arise for the life of man is to bée compared to the play at Tables in the which the pâ—…er may desire and deuise
which is his best cast but yet which way soeuer the dyce turne either good or euill hée ought with as great discretion and art as hée can accommodate himselfe and serue his turne withall Hée should possesse and bée indued with a noble mind that hée may alwaies haue the same inclined to discréete liberalitie and 〈◊〉 to nigardlâ—… 〈◊〉 by which vice wee sée many 〈◊〉 and fall into most opprobrious chances into treasons and pernicious rebellions which are men worthie of most shamefull corrections I iudge it likewise verie necessarie for him to bée eloquent â—…nce that qualitie hath great efficacie in perswading of mens â—…nds which often times haue much néede to bée wakened and pricked forward with a spuâ—…re specially in those terrible accidents that fall out in the exercise of armes which in painfull perillous actions would otherwise languish faint and become fearefull Therefore lâ—…t the loue towards God the care of their Countrie their present perill the example of magnanimitie in their forefathers the quarrel cause and benefits to soule and bodie bée meanes to make them valiantly accomplish their actes Hée ought neuer to make conference concerning that which hée is to put in execution neither of any one thought imagination or inuention appertaining to the state of these warlike attempts and affaires but with those persons of whom hée may assuredly reserue faithfull and friendly counsell for that the importance of such and so great dealings ought euer to be had in suspition of discouerie Therefore a wise and carefull man will euer haue a warie iealous eye ouer such weighty affaires Now the order for him to punish his souldiers in cases wherin they are not guiltie of death I thinke the most important punishment which appertaines to the Captaine to giue them is openly amidst the whole companie band shamefully to disarme them to take away their money chiefest garmeÌ„ts so to banish them send them packing for to put them to death or furiously to beate them belonges to the office of the Master of the camp Marshal of the field not to the Captain for if hée should beate his souldiers hée should make himself hated embase him self bring his souldiers either to become mutinous or abiects Note that it is not sufficient only for a Captaine to haue ordained his companie discréetely therin to haue great numbers of good men which is to say in warlike affaires valiant men but aboue all thnigs it is very necessary when hée shall come to blowes fight hée should aduenture performe the same to his manifest aduantage or else constrained therunto by pure necessity although hée ought to flie the last so much as hée is able obseruing this for a generall rule not to fight either by chance either for pleasure or for ambition as many times wée sée done by rash ambitious chiefes and Captaines Moreouer hée must worke in such sort that his souldiers haue very good occasion apt meanes to win the victorie that they be fresh lusty to the inteÌ„t that in fighting they may ouercome for without these and like aduertisements by tempting fortune men for the most part both loose and are ouerthrowne It is very conuenient hée procure the hauing of an ample and autentike Patent of his Collonel with as large woords of fauor as may be wherein must bée declared at the instance appointment of what Prince the expedition is made so with modestie and prudence hée shall vse the aucthority that is giuen him but neuerthelesse there as it behooues him so to doe It is not requisite that in all places hée suffer his Ensigne to bée displayed the maner doing wherof shewes force aucthoritie the which many times is not to bée vsed neither in ech place When a man is inferior to others hée ought to vse great dexteritie modesty which euer fals out both to be commodious and coÌ„mendable And moreouer according to the order of passa parole of aduertisements from mouth to mouth hée ought euer to obserue a silent assured plaine information to his whole band wherby they may vpon the suddain alter aray make alta march slow or fast close or in wide ranks or prepare their péece match and â—…ullet for a suddain Alarum inuasion skirmish or defence A Captain that must leauy a band is to make his election and choise of his officers souldiers not only approued sufficieÌ„tly but also vse such spéedy march in his expedition iourney that hée may ioyne his company to the rest of the armie at or before the appointed day and place When hée may march by land with his company let him neuer haue desire to go by sea hoping to spare cost shorten time for by becomming subiect to the indiscretion of the wind either through long aboad or some accident by shipwracke or tempestes there hath risen many times great disturbance ruine without remedie since by this defect many good occasions and of great importance hath bin lost and made frustrate Hée ought neuer to take iourney in hand without a guide the which he must procure to bee giuen him by the chiefe that doth command him to the intent he may alwaies remain execused faultles from those errors that by such defects may or do coÌ„monly arise which diligence is not only particularly to be vsed when any iourney of smal length is to be guided but if any long iourney is to bée made not being able to do better hée must circumspectly haue him alwaies by his side neither ought to haue him slip away from him or absent since that euery smal error or going out of the way in a iourney marching doth displease souldiers warlik persons yéelds lesse reputation to the Captain who ought alwaies to march with them to prouide procure through his aucthority all things necessarie with the greatest fauor aduantage possible Hée ought alwaies to keepe his souldiers exercised by often taking view muster of them marching sometimes along in ranks by 3. 5. 7. 9. c. in a rank sometimes in training them in Kings esses dées battailes squadrons turning one rank through an other in leading them to skirmish in such sort as I haue set down in my second booke practise them daily And sometimes he must cause his souldiers to shoot vollées of shot sometimes all at once sometimes by ranks sometimes mixed The which vollées vpon the signe or sound of drum or word of mouth by the Captain must be accomplished with celeritie closely together cunningly not out of disorder or by péeces a great while one after another but vpon their discharge iointly together without rumor noise or tumult they must all charge again vpon a signe giuen by thâ—… Captain giue a fresh vollée c. Hée must likewise delight to sée them well armed with all sortes of armes euery one according to the weapon hée beares and