Canutus founded for Nuns who being expell'd within a little time in the year 1040. Leofrick Earl of Mercia enlarg'd it and in a manner built it a-new with so great a show of gold and silver to use Malmesbury's words that the walls of the Church seem'd too strait to contain the treasures of it It was very prodigious to behold for from one beam were scrap'd w Five hundred marks Malmesb. See Dugdale's Warwickshire 50 marks of silver And he endow'd it with so great revenues that Robert de Limsey Bishop of Lichfield and Chester remov'd his See hither as to the golden sands of Lydia that as the same Malmesbury hath it he might steal from the treasures of the Church wherewithall to fill the King's Coffers to cheat the Pope of his provisions and gratifie the Roman avarice However this See after a few years return'd back to Lichfield but upon these terms that one and the same Bishop should be stil'd Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield The first Lord of this City that I know of 〈◊〉 of â—â—â—try was Leofrick who being incens'd against the Citizens laid upon them very heavy taxes these he would by no means remit notwithstanding the great intercession of his Lady Godiva unless she would consent to â—ide naked thro' the most frequented parts of the city â—â—50 which if credit may be given to tradition she perform'd â—egus having cover'd her body with her long dangling hair without being seen by any one and so freed her Citizens from many heavy impositions From Leofrick this City by Lucia his son Algar's daughter came into the possession of the Earls of Chester for she had marry'd Ranulph the first Earl of that name and the third of the family who granted the same Liberties to Coventry that Lincoln enjoy'd and gave a great part of the City to the Monks the residue of it and Chilmore their manour-house near the City he reserv'd to him and his heirs who dying and the inheritance for want of issue-male coming to be divided amongst the sisters Coventry by the death of the Earls of Arundel fell to Roger de Monte alto De monte Alto. or Monthault whose grandson Robert granted all his right for want of issue-male to Queen Isabel Mother of King Edw. 3. to hold during her life after her decease the remainder to John de Eltham brother of the King and to the heirs of his body begotten In default of such the remainder to Edward King of England and his heirs for ever For so you have it in a Fine the second year of Edward 3. But John of Eltham was afterwards created Earl of Cornwall and this place became annex'd to the Earldom of Cornwall from which time it hath flourish'd very much Several Kings gave it divers immunities and privileges especially Edward 3. who granted them the electing of a Mayor and two Bayliffs 11 And to build and embattle a wall about it and Henry 6. who having laid to it some of the neighbouring villages granted by his Charter For so are the very words of it That it should be an entire County incorporate by it self in deed and name distinct from the County of Warwick At which time in lieu of two Bayliffs he constituted two Sheriffs and the Citizens began to enclose it with very strong walls In these are very noble and beautiful gates at that which goes by the name of Gofford is to be seen a vast shield-bone of a Boar which you may believe that Guy of Warwick or Diana of the Groves which you please kill'd in hunting after he had with his shout turn'd up the pit or pond that is now called Swansewell-pool but in ancient Charters Swineswell As to the Longitude of this City it lies in 25 degrees and 52 scruples the Latitude in 52 degrees and 25 scruples Thus much of Coventry which yet that I may ingenuously acknowledge the person who furnish'd me with it you must know you have not from me but from Henry Ferrars of Badsley a person to be respected as for his birth so for his great knowledge in Antiquity and my very good friend who in this and other places courteously directed me and as it were gave me leave to light my candle at his s Near Coventry to the North are situated Ausley Ausley a castle heretofore of the Hastings Lords of Abergavenny and ww Brandon Brand Brand. of old a seat of the Verdons To the East is placed Caloughdon vulgarly call'd Caledon Caledon an ancient seat of the Barons Segrave Barons Segrave from whom it descended to the Barons de Berkley by one of the daughters of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk These Segraves from the time that Stephen de Segrave was Lord Chief Justice of England were Barons of this Realm and enjoy'd the inheritance of the Chaucumbs whose Arms from that time they assumed viz. Arms of the Segraves A Lion rampant Argent crowned Or in a shield Sable John the last of this family marry'd Margaret Dutchess of Norfolk daughter of Thomas de Brotherton and had issue Elizabeth who carry'd the honour of Marshal of England and title of Duke of Norfolk into the family of the Mowbrays Not far from hence is Brinkle Brinkle-castle where was an ancient castle of the Mowbrays to which belong'd many fair possessions lying round it but time hath swept away the very ruins of it t as also of the Monastery of Combe Combe-Abbey which the Camvils and the Mowbrays endow'd Out of whose ashes the fair structure of the Harringtons arose in this place As you go Eastward x Anciently writ Thester Over as being seated castward of Monks-kirby and call'd but lately Cester-over by the inhabitants Dugd. Warwicksh p. 60. Cester-over presents it self the possession of the Grevils of whom I have before made mention Near which Watling street a Military way of the Romans dividing this County to the North from Leicestershire passes by High-cross of which we have already spoken near Nonn-eaton which of old was call'd Eaton but Amicia the wise of Robert Bossu Earl of Leicester as Henry Knighton writes having founded a Monastery of Nuns here in which she her self was profess'd of that number from those Nuns it got the name of Non-Eaton And formerly it was of great fame for the piety of its holy virgins who being constant in their devotions gave a good example of holy living to all about them Near this stood heretofore Asteley-castle Asteley the chief seat of the family of the Asteleys 12 Out of which flourish'd Barons in the time of King Edward the first second and third Baron Asteâ—ey the heiress of which was the second wife of Reginald Grey Lord of Ruthin From him sprang the Greys Marquisses of Dorset some of whom lye interr'd 13 In a most fine and fair Collegiate Church which Thomas Lord Astley founded with a Dean and Secular Canons in the neat
the * Dynastas petty Kings here that they willingly suffered their Seigniories to be reduced into Counties and admitted Sheriffs to govern them But being quickly recalled and aspiring after greater honours some envious persons that were too mighty for him together with the licentiousness of his own tongue for he had bolted out some words against his Sovereign who is not to be violated by word or thought brought him unawares to ruine The County of LOVTH THE County of Louth in old books call'd Luna and Luda Triel in Latin Urgalia in Irish Iriel or Uriel if that is not rather a part of this county lies beyond the County of Meath and the mouth of the river Boine toward the Irish Sea upon a winding and uneven shore running northwards full of forrage and so fertile that it easily gratifies the Industrious husbandman Near the mouth of the Boine stands Drogheda or Droghda in English Tredah Tredah a neat and populous town denominated from the a From whence Sir James Ware always calls it Pontana bridge and divided in the middle by the Boine King Edward the second endowed it with the privilege of a Market and Fair at the instance of Theobald Verdon and several great Liberties have been granted it by the Kings of England particularly the privilege of a Mint Near this stands Mellefont-Abbey founded by Donald King of Uriel Mellifont Monastery and commended by S. Bernard lately given by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Edward Moor Knight b Whose heir is now Earl of Drogheda a Kentish man born very deserving for his wise conduct both at home and abroad the Monks having been turned out some time before Seven miles from hence stands c Ardâ—e Ardeth a mid-land town pretty emiment and higher in the Country Dundalk Dundalk which has the benefit of a good haven and was formerly fortified with strong walls It was burnt by Edward Brus brother to the King of Scots who had proclaimed himself King of Ireland and was soon after cut off with 8200 of his men hard by Within the memory of our age it was besieged by Shan O Neal who was soon forced to raise the siege with dishonour Eight miles from hence stands Carlingford Carlingâ—â—â—d a pretty famous harbor And these are all the places that I know of memorable in this County Bermingâ—am who 〈◊〉 also caâ—led Briâ—â—tham â—arl of â—â—gh This Louth has given the title of Earl to 38 Sir John John Bermingham an English man conferr'd upon him by King Edward the second as a reward to his great valour after he had defeated and slain Edward Brus that momentary King of Ireland aforesaid who had ravag'd the country with great cruelty and slaughter for some time giving him the said Earldom to have and to hold to him and the heirs males of his body as also the Barony of Athenry But as the honour had its first life and being in this Gentleman so it expir'd with him for after he had come off safe from the Conquest of his enemies he was overcome and slain here in a popular insurrection with many others of the same name leaving no issue behind him This County likewise within the memory of our fathers Barons of Louth has given the title of Baron to Oliver Plonket conferr'd upon him by King Henry the eighth Families now remaining in this County are the Verdons Tates Clintons Bellews or de Bella Aqua Dowdalls Gernons Hadsors Wottons Brandons Mores Warrens Chamberlains and many others of English original of Irish are the Mac-Mahons c. The County of CAVON NExt to this on the west lyes the County of Cavon 〈◊〉 Breaâ—â— Reiley formerly called East Breany Here lives the Family of the O Reileys who derive themselves from the Ridleys of England though their manners and course of life is mere Irish Not long ago this family was eminent for their Cavalry which are now weakened by the wise conduct of 39 Sir Henry Henry Sidney who divided this territory of theirs into seven Baronies The Lords of it all of this family hold immediately by Knights-service of the Crown of England Their way of living is not usualy in towns but in castles they have a Bishoprick among them Bishopric of Kilmore Poor Bishâ—ps but very mean and inconsiderable the See whereof is at Kilmore However this Bishop is not so poor neither as those Irish Bishops who had no other revenues or subsistance than three Milk-cows with this favourable custom that if they went dry the Parish was to give others in exchange for them as Adam Bremensis relates from the information of some of them returning out of Italy by Germany The County of FERMANAGH ON the west and north beyond Cavon lyes Fermanagh formerly inhabited by the Erdini a Country well wooded and full of bogs In the very middle of it lyes the greatest and most famous Lake in this Kingdom call'd Lough Erne 〈◊〉 Erne extended at least forty miles shaded with thick woods and full of inhabited Islands some of which contain no less than two or three hundred acres a piece And withal so well stor'd with Pike Trout Salmon and other fish that the Fishermen oftner complain of too great plenty and the breaking of their nets than of any want This lake does not stretch from east to west as the Maps describe it as I am inform'd by those who have took a full survey of it it begins at Bal-tarbet â—â—â—arbet which is the utmost village in the County of Cavon northward and reaches from south to north fourteen miles in length and four in breadth Before it has gone very far it contracts it self as narrow as the chanel of an ordinary river and so continues for six miles together Upon the lough in this narrow place stands a This is the famous Town of Iniskilling so often mentioned in the accounts of the late wars and of the rebellion in 1641. Iniskilling the best Fort of these parts defended in the year 1593 by the rebels and taken by Dowdall a gallant Captain From hence as it turns westward it is at its full bigness being as far as Belek Belek for twenty miles together at least ten miles broad and within a little of that it has a great fall or Cataract which they call the Salmons leap Here is a current report among the people living hereabouts that this Lough was formerly firm ground well cultivated and full of inhabitants and that it was suddenly overwhelmed and turned into a lake to extinguish the abominable crime of buggery then among them God Almighty says Giraldus the author of Nature condemned this land as guilty of those filthy and unnatural acts which rendered it not only unfit for the first Inhabitants but any other that might come after The Irish Annals lay this to the charge of certain Scotch-Refugees that were driven from the Hebrides and took up here The most noble and powerful
age Mr. Ray. They are the effect of many years observation and as that excellent Person was willing to take this opportunity of handing them to the publick so were the Undertakers very ready to close with such a considerable Improvement tho' it exceedingly enhanc'd the expences of Printing and they were no way ty'd to it by their Proposals These are the chief persons by whose friendly assistance and inclination to serve the Publick the several parts of the Britannia appear in the world with so much advantage But Dr. Charlett the worthy Master of University-College in Oxford has been our general benefactor whom this Work as all other publick Undertakings has from beginning to end found its greatest Promoter It owes much also to numbers of Letters and Papers which several Gentlemen return'd out of most Counties either upon a general notice of the Design or in answer to some particular Queries as the mention of their names in the body of the Book testifies What improvement it has receiv'd from Sir William Dugdale's Warwickshire from Dr. Thoroton's Nottinghamshire from Mr. Burton's Leicestershire from Dr. Plot 's Staffordshire and Oxfordshire from Mr. Wright's Rutlandshire and from the Accounts of our Author's Life given us by Dr. Smith and Mr. Wood will be easily apprehended at first sight The world is likewise indebted to Dr. Smith for first sending abroad the two Discourses of Mr. Camden upon the Office of Earl Marshal In short I can safely affirm that I omitted no opportunity of getting the best Information both from Men and Books that the nature of the Work and the compass of our time would allow And yet after all I am too sensible there are Slips and Errours as he that sees with another man's eyes must of necessity be stumbling now and then Where the Subject indeed is a continu'd Discourse linkt together by Reasons and Inferences the natural consequence of one thing from another will go a great way towards helping a man out let the writing be never so broken and obscure So long as the main drift of the Argument is got it is not the change of a word or expression that breeds any difference But our case is otherwise for where the names of Men and of Places are so frequent how easily does a peculiar way of writing make one mistake a figure a letter or a syllable On the other side how difficult is it to give such a clear and full description of these things as to make a stranger frame an exact Idea of them 'T is for this reason that some Informations which seem'd otherwise very material are omitted because one cannot handsomly impose that upon the World which he does not understand himself It 's much more honest to suppress a discovery than to run a visible hazard of committing an errour in the telling it For a Truth before 't is publisht as it does mankind no good so neither does it any harm but an Errour is a publick Infection and draws a train along with it wherever it goes A man would be very unwilling to be thought instrumental in so many mistakes as the broaching of one single Errour may occasion in the World Some I know will take it extream ill that the several Characters should not run so high as they intended them for instance that such or such a building should only be call'd Stately and the Gardens and Walks neat and curious after they have roundly affirm'd both to be the best in the Kingdom Now such lofty Expressions are very suspicious because men are commonly too partial to the affairs of their own Country and do often set an extravagant value upon them for no other reason than that they do not look abroad Like the honest old Shepherd who could sit at home and without the least scruple take a model of Rome by the next Country-market In this particular our Author Mr. Camden has given us a caution by his own example who perhaps had better opportunities of making exact comparisons than any man living yet contents himself simply to give every place its due character and seldom or never lets fall those dangerous expressions the best the noblest the largest in England Others will make it an Objection That more notice should not be taken of Families In this too Mr. Camden has furnisht us with an excuse who has declar'd in more places than one that Families were but an accidental part of his Business But if they had been never so nearly related to it Sir William Dugdale has given us such a clear insight into them that this part might very well have been wav'd The same Apology may serve for omitting the Religious Houses the History whereof we have at large from the same Learned Knight and if we want a view of them in a narrower compass Mr. Tanner by the publication of his Notitia Monastica has furnisht us with an excellent Manual The Translations of Hamshire Wiltshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Warwickshire Worcestershire Cumberland and Northumberland were sent us by the several Gentlemen who communicated their Observations upon the respective Counties The rest were Translated by very good Hands particularly Rutlandshire and Leicestershire by Mr. James Wright of the Middle-Temple the Preface Dorsetshire and Shropshire by Mr. Palmer of the Middle-Temple the Romans in Britain the Rebellion of the O Neals and other parts by Mr. W. S. of the Middle Temple and Cambridgshire and Huntingdonshire by Mr. Eachard of Christ's College in Cambridge The Version is plain and natural and as near the Text as the different Idioms of two Languages would bear Which indeed is all that could be expected upon a Subject of this nature wherein the sense of the Author with a justness and propriety of expression is as much as one can well compass The crabbed Names both of Men Places and Things which fall almost in every line are great enemies to the easiness of the Sentence and yet to quit a Circumstance in History for the sake of a Turn or a Cadence would prove but a very ill change The Verses which occur in Mr. Camden's Text were all translated by Mr. Kennet of Corpus Christi College in Oxford who labour'd under a much greater inconvenience For in Prose if the story be plain and intelligible there is something or other entertaining and all passes well enough but where Poetry comes in play men's fancies and expectations are presently rais'd and it is not bare Matter of Fact that will satisfie And yet our old Monkish Poets such as lay most in Mr. Camden's way do seldom rise higher than a bare relation or if they chance to aim at something of Wit and Air it comes off so flat and insipid that one may plainly see they were never made for it Here a Translator has a hard task to manage and to keep such a mean as to retain the sense and withal to set it off with something of briskness and spirit requires a great deal of art Even in this
part I think he has no occasion for an Apology but if he had his performance in other places where the Original comes up to the just Rules of Poetry would make it for him Of all in the Book the Wedding of Tame and Isis seems to run in the best vein whether we look upon the Smoothness the Thought or the Composition Who the Author of it was is not certainly known but if we should fix upon Mr. Camden himself perhaps there would be no occasion for a second conjecture One argument is because he never names the Author whereas he could not but know him when the Poem was publish'd in his own time Then if we compare the subject of it with what he has said of the several places it touches upon we shall find them to be much the same Very often also upon the mention of that fancy about the Tamisis being deriv'd from the meeting of Tame and Isis he seems to be pleas'd with it more than ordinary And which in my opinion puts it beyond all exception he never quotes the Poem with any the least commendation but always ushers it in with a sort of coldness Now this is by no means agreeable to Mr. Camden's temper who is always careful to allow every thing its just character Let it be a Monkish Rhyme he never omits to mention it favourably if there appears the least dram of wit or if it has nothing of that to recommend it he 'l endeavour to excuse it and tell you 'T is tolerable for the age he liv'd in By this rule one may be sure that such a Poem should never have pass'd without a particular mark of honour if Mr. Camden himself had not been so nearly concern'd in it but so far is he from approving it that he brings it in with a sort of caution or rather contempt Pag. 147 Let it not be thought troublesome to run over these Verses P. 157. If you can relish them P. 324. If you vouchsafe to read them P. 241 264. You may read or omit them as you please Expressions becoming Mr. Camden's modesty when he speaks of himself but very unlike his candour in the characters of other men and their works The Maps are all new engrav'd either according to Surveys never before publish'd or according to such as have been made and printed since Saxton and Speed Where actual Surveys could be had they were purchas'd at any rate and for the rest one of the best Copies extant was sent to some of the most knowing Gentlemen in each County with a request to supply the defects rectifie the positions and correct the false spellings And that nothing might be wanting to render them as complete and accurate as might be this whole business was committed to Mr. Robert Morden a person of known abilities in these matters who took care to revise them to see the slips of the Engraver mended and the corrections return'd out of the several Counties duly inserted Upon the whole we need not scruple to affirm that they are by much the fairest and most correct of any that have yet appear'd And as for an error here and there whoever considers how difficult it is to hit the exact Bearings and how the difference of miles in the several parts of the Kingdom perplex the whole may possibly have occasion to wonder there should be so few Especially if he add to these inconveniencies the various Spellings of Places wherein it will be impossible to please all till men are agreed which is the right I have heard it observ'd by a very Intelligent Gentleman that within his memory the name of one single place has been spell'd no less than five several ways Thus much of the Work For the Vndertakers I must do them this piece of justice to tell the world that they spar'd neither pains nor expence so they might contribute to the perfection of the Book and the satisfaction of the Curious That they have fail'd in point of time was occasion'd chiefly by the Additions which are much larger than either they at first intended or any one could reasonably expect from the Proposals A Glossary had been added but that Mr. Camden himself has made it needless by explaining the more obscure Words as he had occasion to mention them A Catalogue of the Seats of the Nobility was also design'd but upon second thoughts was judg'd unnecessary because the greatest part of them have their place in the body of the Book ADVERTISEMENT There are now in the Press and will speedily be publish'd A Compleat History of England written by several hands of approv'd ability containing the Lives of all the Kings their Effigies engraven in Copper several Coins Medals Inscriptions c. for illustration of matters of fact A Map of England noting the Battels Sieges and remarkable places mention'd in the History And at the end large Index's and a Glossary explaining all difficult words and terms of art occurring in the work The whole to be contain'd in two Volumes in folio the first whereof will be publish'd in Trinity-Term 1695. A more particular account of this Work may be seen in the Proposals for printing this Book by Subscription to be had of the Undertakers R. Chiswell B. Aylmer A. Swall c. Booksellers in London as also of all other Booksellers in London and the Country A new Volume of du Pin's History of Ecclesiastical Writers being the History of the Controversies and other Ecclesiastical Affairs transacted in the Church during the Ninth Century English'd with great care Will be speedily publish'd by A. Swall and T. Child Books lately printed for A. Swall and T. Child at the Unicorn in St. Paul s Church-yard Viz. A New History of the Lives and Writings of the Primitive Fathers and other Ecclesiastical Writers together with an exact Catalogue also an Abridgment of all their Works and an account of their various Editions together with a Judgment upon their Stile and Doctrine and a History of the Councils Written in French by L. E. du Pin and English'd with great Additions In six small Volumes in folio containing the History of the Church and of the Authors that flourish'd from the time of our Saviour to the end of the Eighth Century Theatrum Scotiae containing a short Description and Prospects curiously engraven in Copper as large as the sheet of the Castles Palaces and most considerable Towns and Colleges as also the remains of many ancient Churches and Monasteries of the Kingdom of Scotland Written by John Sleezer Captain of the Artillery Company and Surveyor of His Majesty's Stores in that Kingdom and printed in Folio on Royal Paper T. Lucretii Cari de Rerum Natura Libri sex quibus Interpretationem Notas addidit Thom. Creech Col. Omn. anim Soc. cui etiam accessit Index Vocabulor omnium 8o. BOOKS lately printed for A. and J. Churchil in Pater-noster-Row BUchanan's Chronicle of the Kings of Scotland Folio Mr. Locke of Human Understanding Fol.
his Thoughts of Education 8o. Dr. Hody of the Resurrection of the same Body 8o. Machiavel's Works compleat Fol. Boethius de Consolatione made English with Annotations by Richard Lord Viscount Preston 8o. Mr. Talent's Chronological Tables of Sacred and Prophane History from the Creation to the Year 1695. Bishop Wilkins of Prayer and Preaching enlarged by the Bishop of Norwich and Dr. Williams 8o. Mr. Tannner's Notitia Monastica 8o. Two Treatises of Government The first an Answer to Filmer's Patriarchae The latter an Essay concerning the true Original Extent and End of Civil Government 8o. The Fables of Aesop and other Mithologists made English by Sir Roger L'strange Kt. Fol. Three several Letters for Toleration Considerations about lowering the Interest and raising the Value of Money 8o. Sir William Temple's History of the Netherlands 8o. Miscellanea 8o. Mr. L'Clerc Logica 12o. Dr. Gibson's Anatomy of Human Bodies with Additions 8o. Dr. Patrick's new Version of the Psalms of David in Metre 12o. Mereton's Guide to Surveyers of the High-ways 8o. Sir Paul Ricaut's Lives of the Popes Fol. Sir Simon Dews's Journal of Parliaments Fol. Gentleman's Religion 12o. Two Treatises of Rational Religion 8o. Reprinting Leland De Viris Illustratibus and Boston of Bury from the MSS. with large Improvements and a Continuation by Mr. Tanner Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle of the King 's of England continued down to this time Cambridge Concordance Fol. THE LIFE OF M R. CAMDEN WILLIAM CAMDEN was born in the Old-Baily in London May 2. 1551 Diarie His father Sampson Camden was a Painter in London whither he was sent very young from Lichfield the place of his birth and education His mother was of the ancient Family of the See that County under the title Wirkinton and a MS. in Cott. Lib. sub Effigie Jul. F. 6. Curwens of Workinton in the County of Cumberland Where or how he was brought up till twelve years of age we must content our selves to be in the dark since his own Diarie gives us no insight into that part of his Life There is a tradition that he was Scholar of the Blew-coat Hospital in London which if true assures us that his Father left him very young because the particular constitution of the place admits of none but Orphans But the Fire of London which consum'd the Matriculation-books with the whole House has cut off all possibility of satisfaction in that point When he came to be twelve years old he was seiz'd by the Plague Peste correptus Islingtoniae Diar and remov'd to Islington near London Being fully recover'd he was sent to Paul's School where he laid the foundation of that niceness and accuracy in the Latin and Greek to which he afterwards arriv'd The meanness of his circumstances gave him no prospect of any great matters and yet his Friends were unwilling that such fine Parts should be lost and a Youth in all respects so promising be thrown away for want of encouragement Nothing was to be done without a Patron whose Favour might countenance him in his Studies and whose Interest might supply the narrowness of his Fortune At that time Dr. Cooper afterwards promoted to the Bishoprick of Lincoln and then to that of Winchester was Fellow of Magdalen-College in Oxford and Master of the School belonging to it To his care he was recommended and by his means probably admitted Chorister No project could have a better appearance upon all accounts For as his gradual advancement in that rich and ample Foundation would have been a settlement once for all so one in the Doctor 's station must on course carry a considerable stroke in the business of Elections But as promising as it look'd when it came to the push he miss'd of a Demie's place So defeated of his hopes and expectations in that College he was forc'd to look out for a new Patron and to frame a new Scheme for his future fortunes The next encouragement he found was from Dr. Thomas Thornton By him he was invited to Broad gate-Hall since call'd Pembroke-College where he prosecuted his Studies with great closeness and the Latin Graces us'd by the College at this day are said to be of his compiling Among his other acquaintance he was peculiarly happy in the two Carews Richard and George both of this Hall both very ingenious and both Antiquaries For tho' the first was a Member of Christ-church Wood's Athen. vol 1. p. 384. he had his Chamber in Broad gate-hall and Sir Baronage T. â—â— 41â— Bâ—own's addâ—tional notes to a catalogue of Scholars in University-Coâ—legâ— William Dugdale's affirming the second to have been of University-College seems occasion'd by two of the sirname being Members of this house about the same time I know not whether we may date his more settl'd inclination to Antiquities from this lucky familiarity and correspondence 'T is certain that nothing sets so quick an edge as the conversation of equals and 't is by some such accidents that men are generally determin'd in their particular Studies and Professions Here he continu'd almost three years in which time by his diligence and integrity he had settl'd himself so firmly in the good opinion of his Patron that when the Doctor was advanc'd to a Canonry of Christ-church See his Britannia p. 140. he carry'd him along with him and entertain'd him in his own Lodgings He was then scarce 20 years old an age wherein the study of Arts and Sciences and the want of a judgment solid enough excuse men from much application to the deep points of Religion and Controversie And yet even then his reputation upon that account cost him a very unlucky disappointment He stood for a Fellowship of All-Souls College but the Popish party such at least whose inclination lay that way whatever their Profession was out of an apprehension how little his advancement was like to make for their cause oppos'd it so zealously that it was carry'd against him Many years after upon an imputation of Popery which we shall have occasion to speak to by and by Epist 195 among other testimonies of his fidelity to the Church of England he urges this instance as one For the truth of it he appeals to Sir Daniel Dun then Fellow of the College and a person whose prudence and integrity recommended him more than once to the choice of the University in their Elections for Parliament-men After five years spent in the University and two remarkable disappointments in his endeavours towards a settlement his poor condition put him under a necessity of leaving that place Whether he had taken the Degree of Batchelour does not certainly appear That in June 1570. he supplicated for it is evident from the K K. fol. 95. b. Register of the University but no mention made of what answer he had Three years after he supplicated again for the same Degree and seems to have took it but never compleated it by Determinations However in the year 1588. Wood's Athen vol. 1. p. 409. he
teeming natures careful hand bestow'd Her various favours on her numerous brood For thee th'indulgent mother kept the best Smil'd in thy face and thus her daughter blest In thee my darling Isle shall never cease The constant joys of happiness and peace What e're can furnish luxury or use Thy sea shall bring thee or thy land produce This happy fertility and pleasantness of Britain Insula Fortunatae or the Fortunate Islands gave occasion to some persons to imagine that these were the Fortunate Islands and those Seats of the Blessed where the Poets tell us that the whole face of Nature always smiled with one perpetual spring This is affirmed by Isacius Tzetzes In his Comment upon Lycophron among the Greeks a man of considerable reputation And our own Ancestors it seems admitted the same notion as literally true For when Pope Clement VI. as we read in Robert of Avesbury had declared Lewis of Spain King of the Fortunate Islands and to effect his project had begun to levy forces in France and Italy our Countrymen were presently possessed with an opinion that the Pope's intent was to make him King of our Island and that all these preparations were designed for Britain as one of those Fortunate Islands Nay so prevalent was this conceit that even our grave Embassadors then resident at Rome hereupon withdrew in a disgust and hastned home to acquaint their country with its approaching danger Nor indeed would any man in our age be of another mind supposing him barely to consider the Fortunate state and the happy circumstances of this our British Island It is certainly the master-piece of Nature perform'd when she was in her best and gayest humour which she placed as a little world by it self upon the side of the greater for the diversion of mankind The most accurate model which she proposed to her self to beautifie the other parts of the Universe For here which way soever we turn our eyes we are entertain'd with a charming variety and prospects extreamly pleasant I need not enlarge upon its Inhabitants nor extol the vigour and firmness of their constitution the inoffensiveness of their humour their civility to all men and their courage and bravery so often tryed both at home and abroad and not unknown to the remotest corner of the earth But concerning the most antient and the very first Inhabitants of this Island The first Inhabitants and reason of the name as also the original of the name of Britain divers opinions have been started and a great many as a certain writer has express'd it who knew little of the matter have yet espoused it very warmly Nor ought we Britains to expect more certain evidences in this case than other nations For excepting those in particular whose originals the holy Scriptures have plainly delivered all the rest as well as we remain under a dark cloud of error and ignorance concerning their first rise Nor indeed could it otherwise be considering under how much rubbish the revolutions of so many past ages have buried Truth The first Inhabitants of countries had other cares and thoughts to trouble their heads withal than that of transmitting their originals to posterity Nay supposing they had never so much desired it yet could they never have effectually done it For their life was altogether uncivilized perfectly rude and wholly taken up in wars so that they were long without any Learning which as it is the effect of a civiliz'd life of peace and leisure so is it the only sure and certain means of preserving and transmitting to posterity the memory of things past Moreover the Druids who were the Priests among the Britains and Gauls and to whose care was committed the preservation of all their antient traditions and likewise the Bards who made it their business to celebrate all gallant and remarkable adventures both the one and the other thought it unlawful to commit any thing to books or writing But supposing they had left any matters upon record yet without doubt at so vast a distance and after so many and so great alterations in this Island they must needs have been lost long since For we see that Stones Pyramids Obelisques and other Monuments that were esteem'd more durable than brass it self for preserving the memory of things have long since yeâ—â—ded to and perished by the injuries of time But in the subsequent ages there arose in many nations a sort of men who were very studious to supply these defects out of their own invention For when they could not tell what to deliver for certain truth yet that they might at least delight and please some mens wanton fancy they invented divers stories every one according to the strength of his own imagination about the original and names of People These fancies some men quickly embrac'd without a more curious search into the truth and most were so taken with the pleasure of the fables that they swallow'd them without more adoe Geoffry of Monmouth But to omit all other writers there is one of our own nation Geoffry ap Arthur of Monmouth whom I am loth to represent amiss in this point publish'd in the Reign of Henry II. an History of Britain translated as he pretends out of the British Tongue wherein he tells us That one Brutus a Trojan by descent the Son of Silvius Grandchild to Ascanius and Great-grandchild to the famous Aeneas whose mother was Venus and consequently himself descended from Jove That this man at his birth cost his mother her life and by chance having killed his Father in hunting which thing the Magicians had foretold was forc'd to fly into Greece That there he rescued from slavery the progeny of Helenus son of Priam overcame King Pandrasus marry'd his daughter put to sea with the small remainder of the Trojans and falling upon the Island of Leogetia was there advised by the Oracle of Diana to steer his course towards this our western Island Accordingly that he sail'd through the †Pâ—r Herculis Columnas Streights of Gibraltar where he escap'd the Syrens and afterwards passing through the Thuscan Sea arrived in Aquitain That in a pitcht battle he routed Golfarius Pictus King of Aquitain together with twelve Princes of Gaule that assisted him And then after he had built the city of Tours as he says Homer tells us and overran Gaule he crossed over into this Island then inhabited by Giants That having conquered them together with Gogmagog who was the greatest of them all from his own name he gave this Island the name of Britain Brutus in the year of the world 2855. before the birth of Christ 1108. in the year of the world 2855. and 334 years before the first Olympiad and before the nativity of Christ 1108. Thus far Geoffry But there are others who bring other grounds and reasons for this name of Britain Sir Thomas Eliot Kt. a very learned man derives it from a Greek Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
design he openly declares him an enemy and with all the dispatch he could marches into Gaul against him where Albinus with the choice of his British army had posted himself to receive him Upon engaging the Albinianites fought so stoutly that Severus threw off his purple and was put to the rout with his whole army But the Britains pursuing the enemy in some disorder as if the victory was already theirs Laetus who was one of Severus's Captains and stood expecting the issue with his men fresh and untouch'd now hearing that Severus was cut off and thinking that he himself might set up for Emperor fell upon them and put them to flight Upon this Severus having rallied his men and reassum'd his purple pursued them likewise with great eagerness and so came off with success having among many others slain Albinus himself And now Severus sole Emperor of the whole world first sent Heraclianus Heraclianus Propraetor D. l. 28. Tit. 6. Virius Lupus Propraetor and then Virius Lupus Propraetor and Legate call'd by Ulpian the Lawyer President of Britain to take possession of Britain This Virius Lupus as we shall observe in its proper place repaired many Castles here However he was at long run forc'd to buy a peace of the Maeatae at a great rate having made some of them prisoners because the Caledonii who had promised to check the excursions of the Maeatae had not perform'd that Article And finding himself unable to curb them in their inroads after much calamity suffer'd from 'em he sent for Severus himself in person to his assistance Severus embraced the occasion very joyfully both that he might wean his sons who grew luxurious and debauch'd from the pleasures of the City and add the name of Britannicus to his other titles and though now above sixty years old and withall gouty he resolves upon this expedition together with his sons Bassianus whom he call'd Antoninus and Augustus and Geta Caesar with the legions The Britains sent Embassadors immediately to offer peace whom after he had designedly stay'd a long time till all things were prepar'd and ready for the war he dismiss'd without coming to any conclusion and having left his son Geta whom at his first arrival in Britain he made Augustus in the hither part of the Island which was in subjection to the Romans that he might administer justice and government among them he himself with Antoninus march'd into the remoter parts of the country where without coming to any battle he employ'd himself in cutting down the woods building bridges and draining the fens and yet by ambuscade and sickness lost fifty thousand of his men Thus Dio. But Herodian makes him to have had several skirmishes with success while the Barbarians from the fens and thick woods where they had posted themselves sallied out upon the Romans At last however he forc'd them to a league upon condition that they should part with no small share of their country to him And that which is the most glorious action in his reign he built a wall from sea to sea quite cross the Island Upon the account of these victories he stamp'd his coins with this Inscription VICTORIA BRITANNICA and assum'd the title of Britannicus Maximus His son Geta had also the title of Britannicus as appears by his coins Yet without observing this league the Britains began afterwards to revolt which gall'd him to that degree that in an Oration to his soldiers he recommended the utter extirpation of them in those Verses of Homer Nemo manus fugiat vestras caedemque cruentam Non faetus gravida mater quem gestat in alvo Horrendam effugiat caedem Let none your mercy share Let none escape the fury of the war Children unborn shall die Having in some sort quieted these Rebels he dy'd at York not so much out of any infirmity of body as out of grief and concern at the wickedness of his son Antoninus who with his own hands had made two several attempts upon his life with these words in his mouth I receiv'd the Commonwealth disorder'd in all parts of it and I leave it in peace even among the Britains His corps was after their military way carried out by the souldiers put in the fire and the day solemniz'd with races by the souldiers and his sons Perhaps it would look like a piece of levity in me if I should relate the prodigies that happen'd before his death namely the blackness of the sacrifices the cypress crown offer'd him by a saucy buffoon in these words You have been every thing now be a God The method since it may divert the reader I will here subscribe The Apotheosis or Deification of the Emperor It is a custom among the Romans to consecrate those Emperors who die leaving either sons or successors behind them And they who are thus honour'd are thought to be rank'd among the Divi. Now the city is to be all in mourning Herodian with some allay of festival solemnity For they bury his body as they do those of others in great state The Image of the deceased person they draw as near as they can and lay the same in the entry to the palace upon an ivory bed very large and high with a cloth of gold spread over it And this Image lies pale here to resemble the deceased person The bed is attended the greatest part of the day on both sides of it on the left side all the Senators in mourning habits and on the right the Matrons whether honourable by descent or marriage Of these no one is either to wear gold or jewels but to be dress'd in a thin white garment like mourners This solemnity continues for seven days Physicians coming in daily to visit him and as if the body were a real patient still signifying they have less and less hopes of him At length when they find the party to be quite dead the young men of best quality among the Knights and Senators take up the said bed upon their shoulders and carry it by the via sacra into the old Forum where the magistrates of Rome us'd to lay down their offices Now on both sides the Forum were certain steps like stairs upon these on the one side stood the young sons of the senators and most eminent men in the city on the other the principal Ladies singing hymns and sonnets after a melancholy and mournful manner in praise of the dead person When this is done they take up the bed again and carry it into Mars's Field in the broadest part whereof is erected a square Rostrum eaven on all sides and built of nothing but great timber like a tabernacle The inside of it is stuff'd with combustible matter the outside of it is adorn'd with hangings richly embroider'd with gold and works of ivory and beautified with several pictures Within this stood another much less but of the same make and furniture with wide gates and doors in it Above that likewise a
upon the disordered English kill'd great numbers of them whilst they stood doubtful whether they should run or fight But the greatest part posting themselves on the higher grounds got into a body encouraged one another and opposed the Enemy with great resolution as if they had made choice of that place for an honourable death At last Harold was shot through the head with an arrow and there with his two brothers Githus and Leofwine lost his life Upon this Edwin and Morcar with some few who had saved their lives made their escape by flight giving way to the hand of providence and the present necessity after they had fought without intermission from seven a clock in the morning to the dusk of the evening The Normans lost in this battle about 6000 men and the English a far greater number William overjoyed with his victory ordered a solemn thanksgiving to Almighty God and fixed his tent in the middle of the slain where he stayed that night Next day after he had buried his men and granted leave to the English to do the like he returned to Hastings to consider of proper methods how to prosecute his victory and to refresh his soldiers So soon as the news of this victory reached London and other cities of England the whole Nation was in a surprise and in a manner struck dead Githa the King's mother was so overcome with grief that no way could be found to comfort her She humbly desired of the Conqueror to grant her the bodies of her sons which she buried in Waltham-Abby Edwin sent away Queen Algitha his sister into the more remote parts of the Kingdom The Nobility desired the people not to despair and begun to consider of methods how to settle the Nation The Arch-bishop of York with the City of London and Sea-soldiers Bâ—â—â—â—les commonly called Botescarles were for making Eadgar King and renewing the war with William Edwin and Morcar were secretly contriving how to get the government into their their own hands But the Bishops Prelats and others upon whom the Pope's Anathema made a deeper impression thought it most advisable to surrender and not to incense the Conqueror with a second battel the issue whereof was but at best doubtful nor resist God who for the crying sins of the nation seemed to have delivered up England into the hands of the Normans William leaving 〈◊〉 strong garison in Hastings resolved to march in a hostile manner directly towards London but to diffuse a greater terror through the nation and to make all sure behind him he divided his forces and marched through part of Kent Suffex Surrey Hamshire and Berkshire Where he came he burnt villages and towns plundering them passed the Thames at Wallingford and filled all places with horror The Nobility all this while were at a stand what to do nor could they be persuaded to lay aside private animosities and consult the publick interest of the nation The Clergy to avoid the curses of the Church and censures of the Pope by which he did at that time sway both the minds of men and whole kingdoms and considering that the affairs of the nation were not only decay'd but quite ruin'd stood so firm to their resolution of surrendring that many so save themselves withdrew privately out of the City But Alfred Archbishop of York Wolstan Bishop of Worcester along with some other Bishops and Edgar Etheling Edwin and Morcar met the Norman Conqueror at Berkhamsted He made them most glorious promises upon which hostages were given and they submitted themselves to his protection Forthwith he went to London where he was received with great joy and acclamations and saluted under the title of King Next he prepares all necessaries for the inauguration which he had appointed to be on Christmas-day and in the mean time employed all his care and thoughts upon the settlement of the nation This was the period of the Saxon's government in Britain which lasted six hundred and seven years The revolution that hapned in the Kingdom some imputed to the avarice of Magistrates others to the superstitious laziness of the Clergy a third sort to the Comet which then appeared and the influence of the Stars a fourth attributed it to God who for hidden but always just reasons disposes of Kingdoms But others who looked nearer into the immediate causes threw it upon the imprudence of King Edward who under the specious colour of religious chastity neglected to secure a succession and so exposed the Kingdom as a prey to ambition WHat an insolent and bloody victory this was the Monks who writ about it do fully inform us Nor can we question but in this as in all others villany had the upper hand William as a token of his conquest laid aside the greatest part of the English laws brought in Norman customs and ordered that all causes should be pleaded in French The English were dispossessed of their hereditary estates and the lands and farms divided among his Soldiers but with this reserve that he should still remain the direct Proprietor and oblige them to do homage to him and his successors that is that they should hold them in see but the King alone be chief Lord and they â—uciaâ— â—eal â—illiâ—â—he â—ucâ— Feudatory Lords and in actual possession He made a Seal on the one side whereof was engraven Hoc Normannorum Gulielmum nosce patronum By this the Norman owns great William Duke On the other side Hoc Anglis signo Regem fatearis eundem By this too England owns the same their King Further as William of Malmsbury tells us in imitation of Caesar's policy who would not have those Germans that skulk'd in the forrest of Ardenna and by their frequent excursions very much disturb'd his army suppressed by the Romans but the Gauls that whilst foreigners destroyed one another himself might triumph without blood-shed William took the same methods with the English For there were some who after the first battle of that unfortunate Harold had fled over into Denmark and Ireland where they got together a strong body of men and returned three years after To oppose them he dispatched away an English army and General and let the Normans live at their ease For which side soever got the best he found his interest would go forward And so it proved for after the English hâ—d skirmâ—shed for some time one with another the victory was presented the King without any trouble And in another place After the power of the Laity was destroyed he made a positive declaration The English thrown out of their Honours that no Monk or Clergy-man of the English nation should pretend to any place of dignity wherein he quite receded from the easiness of King Canutus who maintained the conquered party in full possession of their honours By which means it was that after his death the natives found so little difficulty in driving out the foreigners and recovering their ancient freedom After he had setled those
of his being seized of the Castle Honour and Lordships of Arundel in his own demesn as of Fee in regard of this his possession of the same Castle Honour and Lordships and without any other consideration or creation to be an Earl was Earl of Arundel Parl. 11. H. 6. and the Name State and Honour of the Earl of Arundel c. peaceably enjoy'd as appears by a definitive Judgment in Parliament in favour of John Fitz-Alan challenging the Castle and Title of Arundel 5 By virtue of an entail against John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk the right heir by his mother in the nearest degree From whence we gather That the Name State and Dignity of an Earl was annex'd to the Castle Honour and Lordship of Arundel as may be seen in the Parliament-Rolls An. 27 Hen. 6. out of which I have copy'd these notes word for word Of these Fitz-Alans 6 Edmund second Earl son to Richard marry'd the heir of the Earl of Surrey and was beheaded through the malicious fury of Q. Isabel not lawfully convicted for that he oppos'd himself in King Edw. the 2d's behalf against her wicked practices His son Richard petition'd in Parliament to be restor'd to blood lands and goods for that his father was put to death not try'd by his Peers according to the Law and Great Charter of England Nevertheless whereas the Attainder of him was confirm'd by Parliament he was forc'd to amend his Petition and upon the amendment thereof he was restor'd by the King 's meer grace Richard his son as his grandfather died for his Sovereign 4 Edw. 3. lost his life for banding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his son more honourably ended his life serving King Henry 5. valorously in France and leaving his sisters his heirs general Sir John of Arundel Lord Maltravers his next Cousin and Heir Male obtain'd of K. Henr. 6. the Earldom of Arundel as we even now declared See before the Earls of Surrey and also was by the said King for his good service created Duke of Touraine Of the succeeding Earls I find nothing memorable the 11th liv'd in our time and dying without issue male was succeeded by Philip Howard his grandson by his daughter who not being able to digest wrongs and hard measure put upon him by the cunning tricks of some invidious persons fell into the snare they had laid for him and being brought into the utmost danger of his life dy'd But his son Thomas a most honourable young Gentleman ennobled with a fervent desire and pursuit after virtue and glory worthy his great birth and of an affable obliging temper was restor'd by King James and had all his father's honours return'd him by Act of Parliament Except the Castle and it's Earls Arundel hath nothing memorable for the College that there flourish'd and had the Earls for it's founders it's revenues being alienated now falls to decay Nevertheless there are some monuments of the Earls in the Church amongst the rest one of Alabaster very fair and noble in which in the middle of the Quire lie Earl Thomas and Beatrix his Wife 2d Daughter of John King of Portugal Neither must I pass by this Inscription very beautifully gilt set up here to the honour of Henry Fitz-Alan the last Earl of this Line since some possibly may be pleas'd with it VIRTUTI ET HONORI SACRUM MAGNANIMUS HEROS CUJUS HIC CERNITUR EFFIGIES CUJUSQUE HIC SUBTER SITA SUNT OSSA HUJUS TERRITORII COMES FUIT SUI GENERIS AB ALANI FILIO COGNOMINATUS A MALATRAVERSO CLUNENSI ET OSWALDESTRENSI HONORIBUS EXIMIIS DOMINUS INSUPER AC BARO NUNCUPATUS GARTERIANI ORDINIS EQUESTRIS SANE NOBILISSIMI SODALIS DUM VIXIT ANTIQUISSIMUS ARUNDELIAE COMITIS GUILIELMI FILIUS UNICUS ET SUCCESSOR OMNIUMQUE VIRTUTUM PARTICEPS QUI HENRICO VIII EDWARDO VI. MARIAE ET ELIZABETHAE ANGLIAE REGIBUS A SECRETIS CONSILIIS VILLAE QUOQUE CALESIAE PRAEFECTURAM GESSIT ET CUM HENRICUS REX BOLONIAM IN MORINIS OBSIDIONE CINXERAT EXERCITUS SUI MARESCALLUS PRIMARIUS DEINDE REGIS FUIT CAMERARIUS EJUSQUE FILIO EDWARDO DUM CORONARETUR MARESCALLI REGNI OFFICIUM GEREBAT EIQUE SICUT ANTEA PATRI CAMERARIUS FACTUS REGNANTE VERO MARIA REGINA CORONATIONIS SOLENNI TEMPORE SUMMUS CONSTITUITUR CONSTABULARIUS DOMUSQUE REGIAE POSTMODUM PRAEFECTUS AC CONSILII PRAESES SICUT ET ELIZABETHAE REGINAE CUJUS SIMILITER HOSPITII SENESCALLUS FUIT ITA VIR ISTE GENERE CLARUS PUBLICIS BENE FUNCTIS MAGISTRATIBUS CLARIOR DOMI AC FORIS CLARISSIMUS HONORE FLORENS LABORE FRACTUS AETATE CONFECTUS POSTQUAM AETATIS SUAE ANNUM LXVIII ATTIGISSET LONDINI XXV DIE FEBRUARII ANNO NOSTRAE SALUTIS A CHRISTO MDLXXIX PIE ET SUAVITER IN DOMINO OBDORMIVIT JOANNES LUMLEY BARO DE LUMLEY GENER PIENTISSIMUS SUPREMAE VOLUNTATIS SUAE VINDEX SOCERO SUAVISSIMO ET PATRONO OPTIMO MAGNIFICENTISSIME FUNERATO NON MEMORIAE QUAM IMMORTALEM SIBI MULTIFARIIS VIRTUTIBUS COMPARAVIT SED CORPORIS MORTALIS ERGO IN SPEM FELICIS RESURRECTIONIS RECONDITI HANC ILLI EX PROPRIIS ARMATURIS STATUAM EQUESTREM PRO MUNERE EXTREMO UBERIBUS CUM LACHRYMIS DEVOTISSIME CONSECRAVIT That is Sacred to Virtue and Honour The Valiant Heroe whose Effigies you here see and whose Bones are buried underneath was Earl of these parts he had his Sirname by being the son of Alan and moreover took the honourable titles of Lord and Baron from Maltravers Clun and Oswaldestre he was Knight of the Garter and liv'd to be the Senior of that Noble Order only Son to William Earl of Arundel and heir both of his Estate and Virtues He was Privy Counsellor to Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth Kings and Queens of England Governour of Calais and when Bologne a town of the old Morini was besieg'd by that King Henry was Marshal of the Army He was afterwards Lord Chamberlain to the said King and at the Coronation of his son Edward exercis'd the Office of Marshal of England to which King he was Lord Chamberlain as he had been to his Father Upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown he was made High-Constable of England for the Coronation afterwards Steward of her Houshold and President of the Council which honour he had under Queen Elizabeth to whom he was likewise Steward of the Houshold Thus this person noble by birth by the honourable discharge of Offices more noble and most of all so by his great Exploits at home and abroad with his honour untainted his body broken and worn out with age in the 68. year of his life dy'd in the Lord devoutly and comfortably at London on the 25. of February in the year of our Lord 1579. John Lumley Baron of Lumley his most dutiful and disconsolate son in Law and Executor with the utmost respect put up this Statue with his own Armour after he had been buried in great pomp for the kindest of Fathers-in-Law and the best of Patrons as the
high taken down when half-dead and beheaded and the trunk of his body thrown into the fire a punishment too inhumane and but very seldom made use of in this kingdom Upon this his goods being confiscate King Edward the first frankly gave this Castle with the Hundred of Felebergh to 66 Sir Bartholomew Bartholomew de Badilsmer but he too within a short time forfeited both of them for Treason as I observed but just now 'T is a current report among the Inhabitants that Julius Caesar encampt here in his second expedition against the Britains and that thence it was call'd Julham as if one should say Julius's station or house and if I mistake not they have truth on their side For Caesar himself tells us that after he had march'd by night 12 miles from the shore he first encounter'd the Britains upon a River and after he had beat them into the woods that he encamp'd there where the Britains having cut down a great number of trees were posted in a place wonderfully fortify'd both by nature and art Now this place is exactly twelve miles from the sea-coast nor is there e're a river between so that of necessity his first march must have been hither where he kept his men encamp'd for ten days till he had refitted his fleet shatter'd very much by a tempest and got it to shore Below this town is a green barrow said to be the burying place of one Jul-Laber many ages since who some will tell you was a Giant others a Witch For my own part imagining all along that there might be something of real Antiquity couch'd under that name I am almost perswaded that Laberius Durus the Tribune Liberius Dâ—rus the Tribune slain by the Britains in their march from the Camp we spoke of was buried here and that from him the Barrow was call'd Jul-laber y At five miles distance from hence the Stour dividing it's chanel runs with a violent current to Durovernum Duroverâ—â—m the chief City of this County to which it gives the name for Durwhern signifies in British a rapid river It is call'd by Ptolemy instead of Durovernum Darvernum by Bede and others Dorobernia by the Saxons Cant-Æ¿ara-byrig i.e. the City of the people of Kent by Ninnius and the Britains Caer Kent i.e. the City of Kent by us Canterbury Canterbury and by the Latins Cantuaria A very ancient City and no doubt famous in the times of the Romans Not very large as Malmesbury says 67 Four hundred years since nor very little famous for it's situation for the fatness of the neighbouring soil for the walls enclosing it being entire for it's convenience for water and wood and besides by reason of the nearness of the Sea it has fish in abundance While the Saxon Heptarchy flourish'd it was the Capital city of the Kingdom of Kent and the seat of their Kings till King Ethelbert gave it with the Royalties to Austin 68 The Apostle as they call'd him Austin the English Apostle consecrated Archbishop of the English nation who here fix'd a seat for himself and Successors And tho' the Metropolitan-dignity with the honour of the Pall this was a Bishop's vestment What a Pal. is going over the shoulders made of a sheep's skin in memory of him who sought the Lost sheep and when he had found it lay'd it on his shoulders embroider'd with Crosses and taken off the body or coffin of S. Peter were settl'd at London by S. Gregory Pope yet for the honour of S. Augustine it was remov'd hither For Kenulfus King of the Mercians writes thus to Pope Leo. An. â—93 Because Augustine of blessed memory who first preach'd the word of God to the English nation and gloriously presided over the Churches of Saxony in the city of Canterbury is now dead and his body bury'd in the Church of S. Peter Prince of the Apostles which his Successor Laurentius consecrated it seemeth good to all the wise men of our nation that that city should have the Metropolitan honour where his body is bury'd who planted the true faith in those parts But whether the Archiepiscopal See and Metropolitical Dignity of our nation were settl'd here by the authority of the Wise men i.e. to speak agreeably to our present times by authority of Parliament or by Austin himself in his life time as others would have it 't is certain that the Popes immediately succeeding fixt it so firm that they decreed an Anathema and hell-fire to any one that should presume to remove it From that time 't is incredible how it has flourisht both by reason of the Archiepiscopal dignity and also of a School which Theodore the seventh Archbishop founded there And tho' it was shatter'd in the Danish wars and has been several times almost quite destroy'd by the casualties of fire yet it always rose again with greater beauty After the coming in of the Normans when William Rufus as 't is in the Register of S. Augustine's Abby gave the City of Canterbury entirely to the Bishops which they had formerly held only by courtesie what by the name of Religion and bounty of it's Prelates especially of Simon Sudbury who repair'd the walls it did not only recruit but altogether on a sudden rose up to that splendour as even for the beauty of it's private buildings to be equal to any city in Britain but for the magnificence of it's Churches and their number exceeds even the best of them Amongst these there are two peculiarly eminent Christs and S. Austin's both for Benedictine Monks As for Christ-Church 't is in the very heart of the City and rises up with so much Majesty that it imprints a sort of a Religious veneration at a distance The same Austin I spoke of repair'd this Church which as Bede tells us had formerly been built by the Romans that were Christians he dedicated it to Christ and it became a See for his Successors which 73 Archbishops have now in a continu'd series been possess'd of Of whom Lanfrank and William Corboyl when that more ancient fabrick was burnt down rais'd the upper part of the Church to that Majesty wherewith it now appears as their Successors did the lower part both done at great charges to which the pious superstition of former ages contributed For numbers of all sorts both highest middle and lowest quality flock'd hither with large offerings to visit the Tomb of T. Becket Archbishop He was slain in this Church by the Courtiers for opposing the King too resolutely and warmly by asserting the Liberties of the Church was register'd on that account by the Pope in the Kalendar of Martyrs had divine honours pay'd him and was so loaded with rich offerings that gold was one of the vilest Treasures of his Shrine All says Erasmus who was an eye-witness shin'd sparkl'd glitter'd with rare and very large jewels and even in the whole Church appear'd a profuseness above that of Kings n At the
Order though out of the world q Hence the Medway passing by Halling Halling where Mr. Lambard the first Historiographer of this County sometime liv'd in the Bishop's house comes at length to Rochester Rochester which is so certainly the Durobrovis of Antonin that I need add no more than what our Author hath written already concerning it only that it was sack't by the Danes in the days of King Ethelred An. 839. and besieg'd by them again in An. 885. when they cast up works round it but was reliev'd by King Alfred and that all the lands of the Bishoprick were laid waste by King Ethelred An. 986. Of late years it gave an additional title to the Lord Wilmot of Adderbury in Com. Oxon. who in consideration of his great and many signal services done to the Crown at home and abroad was created Earl of Rochester by Letters Patents bearing date at Paris Dec. 13. 1652. 4 Car. 2. who dying An. 1659. was succeeded in his Honour by his only son John a person of extraordinary wit and learning He dying without issue July 26. 1680. the right honourable Lawrence Hyde second son to Edward Earl of Clarendon Viscount Hyde of Kenelworth and Baron of Wootton Basset was created Earl of Rochester Nov. 29. 1682. 34 Car. 2. r The river Medway having past Rochester-bridge which is one of the finest if not the best in England glideth on to Chatham Chatham famous for the station of the Navy-Royal which hath been so far advanc'd by the Kings Charles and James 2. beyond what it was in our Authors days with the large additions of new Docks and Storehouses wherein are many conveniencies unknown till of late and all these so well fenced with new Forts such as those at Gillingham Cockham-wood the Swomp c. that perhaps there may not be a more compleat Arsenal than this in the world To which add the Royal Fort of Shireness Shireness in the Isle of Shepey built at the mouth of this river by King Charles 2. which stands much more commodiously for the security of the River than the Castle of Queenborough ever did which was built there for that purpose by King Edward 3. but is now demolish't Of this see more at the end of the County Which is all I have to say more than our Author has done concerning this fruitful Island but that of late years the right honourable Lady Elizabeth Lady Dacres mother to Thomas Earl of Sussex was enobled with the title of Countess of Shepey during life Sept. 6. 1680. the 32 of Car. 2. since whose death in consideration of many eminent services done the Crown by the honourable Henry Sidney Esq fourth son of Robert Earl of Leicester the titles of Viscount Shepey and Baron of Milton near Sittingbourn were both conferr'd on him by his present Majesty King William 3. Apr. 9. 1689. 1 Gul. Mar. who hath also been since successively made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Master of the Ordnance s Near this Town of Milton Milton alià s Middleton now erected into a Barony Hasting the Dane as our Author tells us built him a Castle to annoy the Town the footsteps whereof yet remain at Kemsley-downs beyond the Church This they now call being overgrown with bushes the Castle ruff whither King Alfred coming against him fortified himself on the other side the water the ditches of which fortification and some small matter of the stone-work also still remain by the name of Bavord-Castle †Aelfredi vita p. 44 45 46. secus fontes Cantianos near unto Sittingbourn t This Sittingbourn Sittingbourn was once both a Mayor and Market town now through disuse enjoying neither But the Dane never did the town of Milton so much real mischief as Godwin Earl of Kent who being in rebellion against Edward the Confessor in the year 1052. enter'd the King's Town of Middleton and burnt it to the ground ‖ Chron. Sax. An. 1052. which in all probability stood in those days near the Church near a mile from the Town that now is and was upon the rebuilding remov'd to the head of the Creek where it now stands u Eastward from hence lyes the Town of Feversham Fevershaâ— where King Stephen saith our Author founded an Abbey for the Monks of Clugny which appears to be true by his Foundation-Charter printed in the * Vol. 1. p. 683. Monasticon taking his first Abbot and Monks out of the Abbey of Bermondsey of the same order yet †Hist oâ— Cant. p. â—â— Mr. Somner and ‖ Monâ—â—tâ—con Feveâ— shamiense p. 7 8. Mr. Southouse from the absolutory Letters of Peter Abbot of Bermondsey and of the Prior and Monks of S. Mary de Caritate finding Clarembaldus the first Abbot of Feversham and his Monks releas'd from all obedience and subjection to the Church of Clugny and to the Abbot and Prior aforesaid * Monast Angl. p. 3â— are inclin'd to believe Mr. Camden mistaken and that the Abbot and Monks of Feversham pursuant to their absolution presently took upon them the rule and habit of S. Bennet notwithstanding it is clear they were still esteem'd of the order of Clugny for several years after as farther appears by the Confirmation-Charters of King Henry 2. King John and Henry 3. all printed in the †Ibid. p. 687 688 689. Monasticon and by the Bulls of Pope Innocent 3. Gregory 10. and Boniface 9. all in a ‖ MS. imâ— Munimerâ— Eccles Christi Cantuar. MS. book in Christ-Church Canterbury So that I guess the mistake must rather lye on Mr. Somner's and Mr. Southouse's side than our Author's the absolutory Letters in all probability tending only to their absolution from those particular Houses making any claim upon them and not from the order it self though it cannot be deny'd * Monaâ—â— Angl. 〈◊〉 p. 417. but that the Abbot and Monks of Reading were at first Cluniacs and after became Benedictines as perhaps these might do some years after their first foundation And thus much for the Ecclesiastical state of this Town As for Secular matters it has been lately honour'd by giving title to Sir George Sands of Lees Court in this County Knight of the Bath who in consideration of his faithful services to King Charles 1. was by King Charles 2. advanced to the degree and dignity of a Baron of this Realm by the title of Baron of Throwley as also of Viscount Sands of Lees Court and Earl of Feversham by Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster April 8. 28 Car. 2. which he was only to enjoy for term of life with remainder to Lewis Lord Duras Marquess of Blanquefort in France and Baron of Holdenby in England who marrying the Lady Mary eldest daughter of the said George Earl of Feversham who dyed Apr. 16. 1677. the said Lord Duras being naturalized by Act of Parliament An. 1665. succeeded his Father-in-law in all his titles and
issue male A little before the Restoration this honour was conferr'd upon Henry Jermin Baron of S. Edmundsbury for his faithful Services to King Charles 2. It is since erected into a Dukedom and is enjoy'd by Charles Beauclair n North-west from hence is Markat or more truly Meregate â—â—â—gate i.e. says Norden an issue or out-gate of water which seems to refer to the river Womer mention'd by our Author * Nord p. 20 This is said to have broke out in the time of Edw. 4. and to have run from the 19. of February till the 14. of June following o The old Sulloniacae is plac'd by our Author at Brockley-hill in this County whereas that hill is really in Middlesex into which County the Roman Station ought also to be translated For tho' †â—n p. â—53 Mr. Burton seem inclin'd to think Ellestre the old Sulloniacae yet it does not appear that any thing of Antiquity has been discover'd thereabouts nor does the old Roman way run through it as our Author affirms that place lying near a mile to the right hand of it Thro' Edgware indeed a mile south of Brockley the way passes towards London so that Mr. Talbot when he settl'd the Sulloniacae there had at least some shew of probability on his side But not any remains of Antiquity appearing there 's no reason why it should be remov'd from Brockley-hill especially since of late Coins Urns Roman Bricks c. have been dug up there in the place where Mr. Napier has built him a fair new seat as well in laying the foundation of the house as levelling the gardens Rarities of this kind have been also turn'd up with the plough for about seven or eight acres round p Upon the south-border of this County is Barnet ‖ Full. Wor. p. 18. where was discover'd a medicinal spring suppos'd by the taste to run through veins of Alom It coagulates with milk the curd whereof is an excellent plaister for any green wound Continuation of the EARLS Edward son to the Duke of Somerset of the same name being dispossest of all by the attainder of his father was restor'd the first of Q. Elizabeth by Letters Patent bearing date the 13th of January to the titles of Lord Beauchamp and Earl of Hertford Edward the son dy'd in the life-time of his father and so did his eldest son of the same name Whereupon he was succeeded by William his grandchild who by K. Ch. 1. for his eminent services was advanc'd to the title of Marquess of Hertford as afterwards upon the restoration of K. Charles 2. to that of Duke of Somerset Since which time the same persons have successively had both titles which are at present enjoy'd by Charles of that name More rare Plants growing wild in Hertfordshire Alsine montana minima Acini facie rotundifolia An Alsines minoris alia Thal. Harcyn Small mountainous round-leaved Chick-weed resembling Stone-Basil In the mountainous parts of this County on the borders of Buckinghamshire near Chalfont S. Peter Found by Dr. Plukenet Gentianella Autumnalis Centaurii minoris foliis Park Not far from the ruins of old Verulam Park p. 407. Hieracii seu Pilosellae majoris species humilis soliis longioribus rariùs dentatis pluribus fimul flore singulari nostras On a dry bank at the edge of a wood in a lane leading from Hornhill to Reickmeersworte Dr. Plukenet Lysimachia lutea flore globoso Ger. Park Yellow Loosestrife with a globular tuft of flowers said to be found near Kings-Langley by Phyt. Brit. Mentha piperata Pepper-mint or Mint having the taste of Pepper Found in this County by Dr. Eales Militaris aizoides Ger. See the other Synonymes in Cambridgeshire Fresh-water-Souldier or Water-Aloe In the new ditches of Hatfield P. D. Ophris sive Bifolium palustre Park Marsh Twayblade On the wet grounds between Hatfield and S. Albans Park p. 505. Orchis myodes major Park major flore grandiusculo J. B. muscam referens major C. B. The greater Fly-orchis Found by Dr. Eales near Welling in Hertfordshire Helleborine latifolia flore albo clauso Broad-leav'd Bastard-Hellebore with a white close flower Found by Dr. Eales near Diggeswell in this County Sphondylium montanum minus angustifolium tenuiter laciniatum Jagged Cow-Parsnep Observed by Mr. Doody near Tring in this County Campanula Alpina minor rotundifolia C. B. About Reickmeersworth in Hertfordshire in an old Gravel-pit there observed by Dr. Plukenet TRINOBANTES NEXT the Cattieuchlani the people call'd by Caesar Trinobantes by Ptolemy and Tacitus Trinoantes inhabited those parts which have now chang'd their names and are call'd Middlesex and Essex From whence that old name should be deriv'd I cannot so much as guess unless it come from the British Tre-nant implying towns in a valley for this whole Country in a manner lyes upon a level all along the Thames But this is a conjecture I am not very fond of Though those indeed which inhabited Gallovidia in Scotland lying all low and in a vale were call'd in British Noantes and Novantes and the ancient people nam'd Nantuates liv'd about * Rheâ—â— vallâ—s Le Vault or the vale of the Rhine and had their name thence So that this conjecture is at least as probable as that of others who out of a spirit of ambition have deriv'd these Trinobantes from Troy as if one should say Troja nova or new Troy And let them enjoy their own humour for me In Caesar's time this was one of the stoutest Cities in the whole kingdom for such a body of people as liv'd under the same laws and government he always calls Civitas or a City and was govern'd by Imanuentius who was slain by Cassibelin Upon this Mandubratius his son fled for his life went over into Gaul to Caesar put himself under his protection and return'd with him into Britain At which time these our Trinobantes desir'd of Caesar by their Embassadors to espouse the cause of Mandubratius against Cassibelin and to send him into the City as Deputy-Governour This was granted them upon which they gave forty hostages and the first of all the Britains submitted themselves to Caesar This Mandubratius to observe it by the way is by Eutropius Bede and the more modern Writers call'd always Androgeus But how this difference of the name should come is a mystery to me unless it be true what I was told by one very well skill d both in the history and language of the Britains that the name of Androgeus was fixt upon him on account of his villany and treachery For the word plainly carries in its meaning something of villany and he in the book call'd Triades is reckon'd the most villanous of those three traitors to Britain because he was the first that call'd in the Romans and betray'd his Country After Mandubratius when civil wars at home drew the Romans from the care of Britain and so the kingdom was left to its own Kings and Laws it plainly appears that Cunobilin had the
as his right in Parliament against Henry the sixth Rolls â— 6. as being son of Ann Mortimer sister and heir to Edmund Earl of March descended in a right line from Philippa the daughter and sole heir of Leonel Duke of Clarence third son of King Edward the third and therefore in all justice to be preferred in the succession to the Crown before the children of John of Gaunt the fourth son of the said Edward the third When it was answer'd him That the Barons of the Kingdom and the Duke himself had sworn Allegiance to the King that the Kingdom by Act of Parliament was conferr'd and entail'd upon Henry the fourth and his heirs that the Duke deriving his title from the Duke of Clarence never took the Arms of the said Duke and that Henry the fourth was possess'd of the Crown by the right he had from Henry the third All this he easily evaded by replying that the said Oath sworn to the King being barely a human Constitution was not binding because it was inconsistent with truth and justice which are of Divine appointment That there had been no need of an Act of Parliament to settle the Kingdom in the line of Lancaster neither would they have desired it if they could have rely'd upon any just title and as for the Arms of the Duke of Clarence which in right belonged to him he had in prudence declin'd the using them as he had done challenging the Kingdom till that moment and that the title derived from Henry the third was a ridiculous pretext to cloak the injustice and exploded by every body Tho' these things pleaded in favour of the Duke of York shew'd his title to be clear and evident yet by a wise foresight to prevent the dangers that might ensue upon it the matter was so adjusted That Henry the sixth should possess and enjoy the Kingdom for life and that Richard Duke of York should be appointed his heir and successor in the Kingdom 10 He and his heirs to succeed after him with this proviso that neither of them should contrive any thing to the prejudice of the other However this heady Duke was quickly so far transported with ambition that by endeavouring to anticipate his hopes he raised that pernicious war between the Houses of York and Lancaster Wars between the House of York and Lancaster or between the Red-rose and the white distinguish'd by the white and the red Roses Which in a short time prov'd fatal to himself at Wakefield King Henry the sixth was four times taken prisoner and at last deprived of his Kingdom and his Life Edward Earl of March son of Richard then obtain'd the Crown and tho' he was deposed yet he recover'd it thus Fortune inconstant and freakish made her sport with the rise and fall of Princes many of the Blood-royal and of the greatest of the Nobility being cut off those hereditary and rich Provinces of the Kings of England in France being lost Ireland neglected and relapsed to their old wildness the wealth of the Nation wasted and the harass'd people oppress'd with all sorts of misery Edward being now settled in his Throne the fourth King of that name bestow'd the title of Duke of York upon Richard his second son who with the King his brother was destroy'd very young by that Tyrant Richard their Uncle Next Henry the seventh conferr'd it upon his younger son who was afterwards by the name of Henry the eighth crown'd King of England And now very lately King James invested his second son Charles whom he had before in Scotland made Duke of Albany Marquis of Ormond Earl of Ross and Baron Ardmanoch 11 A little child not full four years of age tho' but a child Duke of York by girding him with a Sword to use the words of the form putting a Cap and Coronet of Gold upon his head and by delivering him a Verge of Gold after he had the day before according to the usual manner created both him and eleven others of noble families Knights of the Bath There are in this County 459 Parishes with very many Chapels under them which for number of Inhabitants are comparable to great Parishes RICHMONDSHIRE THE rest of this County which lyes towards the North-west and is of large extent is call'd Richmondshire or Richmountshire The name is taken from a Castle built by Alan Earl of Bretagne in Armorica to whom William the Norman Conquerour gave this shire which belong'd to Edwin an English-man by this short Charter I William sirnam'd Bastard King of England do give and grant to you my Nephew Alan Earl of Bretagne and to your heirs for ever all the villages and lands which of late belong'd to Earl Eadwin in Yorkshire with the Knights-fees and other Liberties and Customs as freely and honourably as the same Eadwin held them Dated from our Siege before York With craggy Rocks and vast Mountains this shire lyes almost all high the sides of them here and there yield pretty rank grass the bottoms and valleys are not altogether unfruitful The hills afford great store of Lead Pit-Coal and also Brass Brass Lead and Pit-coal In a Charter of Edward the fourth's there is mention'd a Mineral or Mine of Coper near the very City of Richmond But covetousness which carries men even to Hell has not induced them to sink into these Mountains diverted perhaps by the difficulties of carriage On the tops of these Mountains Stone-cockles as likewise in other places there have sometimes been found stones resembling Sea cokcles and other Water-animals which if they are not the Miracles of Nature I cannot but think with Orosius a Christian Historian tâ—at they are the certain signs of an universal deluge in the times of Noah The Sea as he says being in Noah's time spread over all the earth and a deluge pour'd forth upon it so that this whole world was overfloated and the Sea as heaven surrounded the earth all mankind was destroyed but only those few saved in the ark for their faith to propagate posterity as is evidently taught by the most faithful Writers That this was so they have also been witnesses who knowing neither past times nor the Author of them yet from the signs and import of those stones which we often find on mountains distant from the sea but overspread with cockles and oysters yea oftentimes hollow'd by the water have learn'd it by conjecture and inference k Where this Shire touches upon the County of Lancaster the prospect among the hills is so wild solitary so unsightly and all things so still that the borderers have call'd some brooks that run here Hell becks Hell beâ—ks that is to say Hell or Stygian rivulets especially that at the head of the river Ure which with a bridge over it of one entire stone falls so deep that it strikes a horror upon one to look down to it Here is safe living in this tract for goats deer and stags which
Marquiss Montacute After which Edward the fourth graciously restor'd to his father's Honours Henry Percie son of the fore-mention'd Henry who in the reign of Henry the seventh was slain by a rabble of the Country People in a Mutiny against the Collectors of a Tax impos'd on them by Act of Parliament To him succeeded Henry Percie the fifth Earl from whom who was himself the son of a Daughter and Co-heiress of Robert Spenser and Eleanor Daughter and Co-heiress of Edmund Beaufort Duke of Somerset descended Henry the sixth Earl He having no Children and his brother Thomas being executed for rebelling against Henry the eighth in the beginning of the Reformation squander'd away a great part of his fair Estate in Largesses upon the King and others as if his Family had now been reduc'd to a final period A few years after John Dudley Earl of Warwick got the Title of Duke of Northumberland Duke â—f Norâ—â—â—berland 13 By the name of John Earl of Warwick Marshal of England Viscount Lisle Baron Somery Basâ—â—t and Ties Lord of Dudley Great Master and Steward of the King's House when in the Non-age of Edward the sixth the Ring-leaders of the several Factions shared the Titles of Honour among themselves and their Abettors This was that Duke of Northumberland who for some time as a Whirlwind troubled the Peace of his Native Countrey by endeavouring to exclude Mary and Elizabeth the Daughters of Henry the eighth from their lawful Right of Succession designing by the countenance of some Lawyers inclinable enough to serve Great men to have settled the Crown on Jane Grey to whom he had married his son Hereupon being convicted of High Treason he lost his head and on the Scaffold openly own'd and profess'd the Popish Religion which either in good earnest or k The account we have of his Speech as to this particular is That he exhorted the people to stand to the Religion of their Ancestors to reject all Novelties and to drive the Preachers out of the Nation and declared he had temperiz'd against his Conscience and that he was always of the Religion of his Forefathers Burnet seemingly and to serve a turn he had for a good while before renounc'd Upon his death Queen Mary restor'd Thomas Percie Nephew to Henry the sixth Earl by his brother Thomas creating him at first Baron Percie and soon after by a new Patent Earl of Northumberland 3 â— Pâ— Maâ— To himself and the Heirs-male of his Body and for want of such to his Brother Henry and his Heirs-male But this Thomas the seventh Earl under pretence of restoring the Romish Religion rebelled against his Prince and Country and so lost both his Life and Honour in the year 1572. Yet by the special bounty of Queen Elizabeth his brother Henry according to the Tenure of Queen Mary's Patent succeeded him as the eighth Earl and dy'd in Prison in the year 1585. He was succeeded by his son Henry the ninth Earl of Northumberland of this Family who was also son of Katharine eldest Daughter and one of the Heirs of J. Nevil Baron Latimer ADDITIONS to NORTH-HVMBER-LAND a HUmphrey Lhuyd places these People about Lothian in Scotland and herein he is not contradicted by Buchanan who never fails of doing it when he can have an opportunity All agree they were Picts and therefore if they did inhabit some part of this County it must have been beyond the Wall Possibly Naeatae is the true reading And then they are more probably placed by our Author near the Wall or Rampire For Naid or Nawd in the old British signifies a Defence or Security And why may not the Transcribers of Dio for he is the only man of Antiquity that mentions these People turn his Naeatae into Maeatae as well as those of Marcellinus have made Attigotti Catacotti and Catiti out of his Attacotti b Our Author observes this Country was divided into Baronies â—â—â—â—nies and very good Baronies they were according to the old and true import of the word For the Civilians define a Barony to be Merum mistúmque Impertum in aliquo Castro Oppidóve concessione Principis Alciat Lib. de Sing Cert cap. 32. Such a Jurisdiction it was requisite the Men of rank should have here on the Borders and upon obtaining the Grant they were properly Barones Regis Regni See the signification of the word at large in Sir Henry Spelman's Gloss voc Baro. All Lords of Manours are also to this day legally nam'd Barons in the Call and Stile of their Courts which are Curiae Baronum c. Selden's Titles of Honour Part 2. cap. 5. But long before King Edward the first 's time the name of Barones was chiefly apply'd to the Peers in Parliament Thus in the famous Contest about the Votes of Bishops in Criminal Matters in the reign of Henry the second A. D. 1163. we have this decision of the Controversie Archiepiscopi Episcopi c. sicut caeteri Barones debent interesse judiciis Curiae Regis cum Baronibus quousque perveniatur ad diminutionem Membrorum vel ad mortem Matth. Par. edit Watsii p. 101. Many like Instances might be given 〈…〉 c Caer-vorran may not improbably be Glanoventa which Mr. Camden imagines to have been somewhere on Wentsbeck For there is a place near it which is still call'd Glen-welt The distance from hence to Walwick will suit well enough with the Itinerary and 't is not the first Elbow which Antonine has made in his Roads through this part of the Country Thus by fetching in Castra Exploratorum he makes it twenty four miles from Blatum Bulgium to Luguvallum whereas the common Road 't is only ten very short ones d Bede's Account of the Roman Wall Eccl. Hist l. 5. c. 10. is very likely fair and true For in some places on the Wasts where there has not been any extraordinary Fortifications several fragments come near that height and none exceed it His breadth also at eight foot is accurate enough For whereever you measure it now you will always find it above seven 〈◊〉 e Old-town seems more likely to be the Alone of Antoninus in the Liber Notitiarum Alione than any other place which has hitherto been thought on It answers best the distances both from Galana and Galacum and many Roman Antiquities which have been found there strengthen the conjecture The name of the river also whereon 't is seated argues as strongly for this place as West-Alon can do for Whitley f The huge heaps of small Cobbles are not the only Monuments which these Wasts afford There are also large stones erected at several places in remembrance as is fancied of so many battels or skirmishes either anciently betwixt the Britains and Picts or of later times betwixt the English and Scots Particularly near Ninwick in the Parish of Simondburn four such stand still erected and a fifth lyes fall'n to the ground g Notwithstanding the great encouragement which
grew so concerned for blinding his brother that he renounced the Kingdom and with the sign of the cross went in pilgrimage to Jerusalem where he died 1089. As soon as the Nobility of the Island receiv'd the news of Lagman's death they dispatched their Ambassadors to Murecard O-Brien King of Ireland desiring that he would send them some diligent man or other of Royal extraction to rule over them during the minority of Olave the son of Godred The King readily consented and sent one Dopnald the son of Tade with orders and instructions to govern the Kingdom though it belonged not to him with modesty and tenderness But as soon as he was advanced to the throne without any farther heed to the commands his Lord had laid on him he grew grievous to the people by his tyranny and and reigned three years with great cruelty and outrage The Nobility being then no longer able to endure this oppression conspir'd rose up in arms and banish'd him Upon that he fled into Ireland and never returned 1097. One Ingemund was sent by the King of Norway to get the soveraignty of these Islands When he came to the Isle Leod he sent to all the great men of the Islands commanding them to assemble and make him King In the mean while he with his companions did nothing but spoil feast ravish women and virgins giving himself wholly up to such beastly lusts and pleasures As soon as the great men of the Islands were acquainted with these proceedings being now assembled to make him King they were so enraged that they went in all haste towards him and coming to his house in the night set it on fire so that he and his whole retinue were either destroyed by the fire or by the sword An. 1098. was founded the Abby of S. Mary at Cistercium Antioch was taken by the Christians and a Comet appeared The same year was fought a battle between the Inhabitants of the Isle of Man at Santwat those of the north-side got the victory In this engagement were slain Earl Other and Macmaras the two Leaders This same year Magnus King of Norway the son of Olave son of Harald Harfager out of curiosity to know whether the Corps of St. Olave King and Martyr remained uncorrupt commanded his tomb to be open'd This order being opposed by the Bishop and his Clergy the King himself came in person and had it open'd by force And when with the sense of his own eyes and hands he found the body sound and unputrified he fell into great fear and went away in all haste The next night the King and Martyr appear'd to him saying Take thy choice of these two offers either to lose thy life and Kingdom within 30 days or to leave Norway and be content never to see it more As soon as the King awaken'd he called his Nobles and the Elders of his people together and told them what vision he had seen Being frighted at it they gave him this Council That with all haste he should depart from Norway Upon this he prepared a fleet of an hundred and sixty ships and set sail for the Orcades which he soon conquer'd from whence he went on with success and victory through all the Islands till he came to that of Man Being landed there he went to St. Patrick's Isle to see the place where the Islanders had been engaged a little before for many of the dead bodies were as yet unburied This fine Island pleased him so well that he resolved to seat himself in it and to that end built forts and strong holds which retain his name to this day Those of Gallway were so much over-awed by him that at his order they cut down wood and brought it to the shore for him to make his Bulworks withal Next he sailed to Monia an Island of Wales where he found two Hughs both Earls one of them he slew Monia for Anglesey v. Girald Cambrensem in Itinerario Cambria the other he put to flight and conquer'd the Island The Welsh men made many Presents to him so taking his leave of them he returned to Man To Maricard King of Ireland he sent his shoes commanding him to carry them upon his shoulders thro' the middle of his house on Christmas day in sight of his Messengers to signifie his subjection to King Magnus The Irish received this news with great wrath and indignation But the King more advisedly said That he would not only carry but also eat his shoes rather than King Magnus should destroy one Province in Ireland So he complied with this order and honourably entertained his Messengers and sent them back with many presents to him and made a league with him Being returned they gave their Master an account of Ireland describing its situation and pleasantness its fruitfulness and the excellence of its air Magnus hearing this begun to turn his thoughts wholly upon the Conquest of that Count try For this end he gave orders to fit out a good fleet and went before with sixteen ships to take a view of the Country but as he unwarily left his ship he was beset by the Irish and cut off with most of those that were with him His body was buried near St. Patrick's Church in Down He reigned six years After his death the Noblemen of the Island sent for Olave the son of Godred sirnamed Crovan who lived in the Court of Henry King of England the son of King William 1102. Olave the son of Godred Crovan began his reign which continued 40 years He was a peaceable Prince and in league with all the Kings of Ireland and Scotland His wife was Africa the daughter of Fergâ—se of Gallway by whom he had Godred By his Concubines he had also Regnald Lagman and Harald besides many daughters one of whom was married to Summerled Prince of * Argiâ—e Herergaidel to whom the Kingdom of the Isles owe their ruine By her he had four sons Dungall Raignald Engus and Olave 1133. The Sun was so eclipsed on the fourth of the Nones of August that the day was as dark as the night 1134. Olave gave to Yvo Abbot of Furnes part of his lands in Man towards building an Abby in a place called Russin He enricht the estate of the Church with Islands and Revenues and endowed it with great liberties 1142. Godred the son of Olave sailed over to the King of Norway who was called Hinge and did him homage he staid there some time and was honourably received This same year the three sons of Harald the brother of Olave who were bred at Dublin came to Man with a great multitude of men and such as the King had banished demanding one half of the Kingdom of the Isles for their share The King being willing to please them answered That he would take the advice of a Council about it Having agreed upon the time and place for their meeting these base villains began to plot against the King's life At the
day appointed both Parties met at the haven called Ramsa and sat by ranks in order the King with his Council on the one side and they and their gang on the other with Regnald who was to dispatch him in the middle talking apart with one of the Noblemen When the King called him he turned himself as though he would salute him but lifting up his ax he struck at him and cut off his head at one blow As soon as they had executed this villainous design they divided the land among them and after some few days spent in getting a fleet together they set sail for Gallway intending to make a Conquest of it But the people being rais'd to receive them fell upon them with great violence Upon this they soon fled back to Man in disorder where they either kill'd or banish'd all they Gallway men they could meet with 1143. Godred Olave's son returning from Norway was created King of Man To revenge the death of his father he made two of Harold's sons have their eyes pull'd out and the third be put to death 1144. Godred began his reign and reign'd thirty years In the third year of it the people of Dublin sent for him and created him King of Dublin Murecard King of Ireland raised war against him and as he lay encamped before the City called Coridelis sent his half brother Osibel by the mother's side with three thousand horse to Dublin who was by Godred and the Dublinians slain and his army routed After this he returned to Man and began to tyrannize depriving some of his Nobles of their estates one of them called Thorfin the son of Oter mightier than the rest went to Sumerled and made Dubgall his son King of the Isles whereof he reduced many for him Godred hearing of these proceedings by one Paul set out a good navy and steered towards Sumerled who was advancing against him with a fleet of eighty sail So in the year 1156 they came to an engagement in the night before the feast of Epiphany and after great slaughters on both sides concluded a peace the next day agreeing to divide the Kingdom of the Isles between them from which time it hath continued two several Kingdoms to this day So that from the moment wherein Sumerled's sons had to do with the Kingdom of the Isles we may date its downfall and overthrow 1158. Sumerled came to Man with a fleet of fifty three sail put Godred to slight and spoiled the Island upon which Godred sailed over to Norway for aid against Sumerled 1164 Sumerled set out a fleet of one hundred and sixty ships and arrived with them at Rhinfrin intending to conquer all Scotland But by the just judgment of God he was killed and vanquished together with his son and a vast multitude by a very few The same year also a battle was fought at Ramsa between Reginald Godred's brother and the people of Man wherein those of Man were put to flight by the treachery of a certain Earl Now also Reginald began his reign which had not continued four days till Godred his brother set upon him with a great army from Norway and having taken him put out his eyes and cut of his privy parts The same year dy'd Malcolm King of Scotland and was succeeded by his brother William 1166. In August there appeared two Comets before sun-rise the one in the south the other in the north 1171. Richard Earl of Pembroke sailed over into Ireland and subdued Dublin and a great part of that Country 1176. John Curcy conquered Ulster and Vivian the Pope's Legat came into Man and made King Godred be lawfully married to his wife Phingola daughter to Mac-Lotlen son of Murkartac King of Ireland the mother of Olave then three years old They were married by Sylvan the Abbot to whom Godred the very same day gave a piece of land at Miriscoge where he built a Monastery but this together with the Monks was at last made over to the Abbey of Russin 1172. Reginald the son of Eac-Marcat one of the blood royal coming into Man in the King's absence with a great body of men presently put to flight certain Centinels that guarded the Coast and slew about thirty of them but the inhabitants being raised fell upon him and the same day cut him off with most of his party ' 1185. O-Fogolt was Sheriff of Man 1185. There happened an Eclipse of the sun on ' St. Philip and Jacob's day 1187 On the fourth of the Ides of November Godred King of the Isles departed this life and the Summer following his body was convey'd to the Isle of Hy. He left three sons Reginald Olave and Yvar In his life time he made Olave his heir being the only legitimate son he had Yet the people Olave being scarce ten years old sent for Reginald out of the Isles and made him King 1188. Reginald the son of Godred began his reign over the Islands and Murchard a man of great interest in all the Isles was slain 1192. A battle was fought between Reginald and Engus the sons of Sumerled wherein Engus got the victory The same year the Abbey of Russin was translated to Dufglas yet the Monks about four years after returned to Russin 1203. Michael Bishop of the Isles died at Fontans and was succeeded by Nicholas 1204. Hugb Lacy brought an army into Ulster fought John Curcy took him prisoner and conquered Ulster Afterwards he set John at liberty who thereupon came to King Reginald and was honorably received as being his son-in-law for Africa Godred's daughter that founded the Abbey of St. Mary de Jugo Domini and was therein married was John de Curcy's wife 1205. John Curcy and Reginald King of the Isles entered Ulster with an hundred ships in the haven call'd Stranford and laid siege to Rath Castle But Walter de Lacy brought an army and put them to flight After that Curcy could never recover his lands 1210. Engus the son of Sumerled was slain with three sons John King of England arrived at Ireland with a fleet of 500 ships and conquered it sending a certain Earl called Fulco to Man who wasted the whole Country in a fortnight's time and taking hostages returned home King Reginald and his Nobles were not in Man at that time 1217. Died Nicholas Bishop of the Isles and was buried in Ulster in the house of Benchor and succeeded by Reginald I would with the Reader 's leave add something farther concerning the two brothers Olave and Reginald REginald gave to his brother Olave the Isle of Lodhus which is counted larger than any of the other Islands but thinly peopled because it is mountainous and stony and almost unfit for tillage in all parts The inhabitants live generally by hunting and fishing Olave thereupon went to take possession of this Island and dwelt there in a poor condition But finding it too little to maintain him and his army he went boldly to his brother Reginald who then lived in the Islands and