a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v for_o some_o 1200_o will_v which_o he_o have_v receive_v if_o the_o good_n have_v not_o be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o the_o say_a factor_n take_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o composition_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o experience_a merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n by_o error_n of_o account_n do_v wrong_a unto_o a_o merchant_n account_n account_n he_o be_v to_o amend_v and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o not_o only_o for_o the_o principal_a but_o also_o with_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o factor_n for_o his_o own_o wrong_n have_v forget_v to_o charge_v the_o merchant_n account_n with_o some_o parcel_n pay_v out_o for_o he_o or_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o with_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n in_o these_o precedent_a observation_n be_v comprise_v all_o other_o case_n of_o difference_n which_o may_v happen_v between_o factor_n and_o merchant_n cahp._n xvii_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n the_o beginning_n must_v be_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n law_n rhodian_a law_n situate_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n who_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o ship_v and_o sail_v as_o strabo_n have_v write_v and_o surpass_v all_o nation_n in_o knowledge_n of_o equity_n in_o maritime_a cause_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v for_o above_o one_o thousand_o year_n only_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n call_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o augment_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o last_o as_o some_o have_v record_v when_o all_o sort_n of_o law_n by_o the_o eversion_n and_o lacerate_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bury_v the_o ruler_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1075_o make_v new_a sea_n law_n and_o statute_n and_o so_o do_v every_o chief_a seafaring_a town_n upon_o the_o say_a mediterranean_a coast_n add_v thereunto_o other_o ordinance_n so_o do_v they_o of_o marseilles_n in_o the_o year_n 1162_o genoa_n in_o the_o year_n 1186_o they_o of_o peloponessus_n call_v morea_n in_o the_o year_n 1200_o the_o venetian_n in_o the_o year_n 1262_o constantine_n 1270_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n the_o say_a year_n peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n 1340_o and_o they_o of_o barselona_n 1434_o which_o law_n be_v collect_v and_o extant_a until_o this_o day_n but_o on_o the_o great_a ocean_n sea_n oleron_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o first_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o france_n near_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n against_o the_o river_n of_o charante_n which_o be_v call_v le_fw-fr roll_n d'_fw-fr oleron_n by_o which_o the_o controversy_n on_o that_o coast_n be_v determine_v and_o the_o say_a law_n be_v afterward_o disperse_v and_o bring_v in_o use_n in_o england_n and_o the_o low_a country_n whereupon_o diverse_a statute_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o seafaring_a business_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n diverse_a ordinance_n in_o the_o low_a country_n especial_o since_o their_o fish_n trade_n begin_v edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n cause_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o diverse_a man_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o maritime_a cause_n diverse_a article_n to_o be_v set_v down_o france_n admiralty_n court_n in_o france_n and_o these_o be_v enroll_v and_o obey_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiral_n court_n and_o the_o french_a king_n john_n make_v his_o contract_n with_o king_n edward_z according_o concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o by_o the_o record_n extant_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o i_o have_v see_v they_o may_v appear_v francis_n the_o french_a king_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o france_n have_v make_v some_o statute_n law_n concern_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o
circumstantibus_fw-la and_o empannell_n they_o that_o be_v to_o take_v other_o person_n of_o the_o stander_n by_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trial_n when_o the_o jury_n have_v deliver_v up_o their_o verdict_n execution_n verdict_n judgement_n and_o execution_n if_o nothing_o be_v allege_v in_o respite_n of_o judgement_n than_o judgement_n be_v have_v of_o course_n and_o alsoe_o execution_n be_v award_v to_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o final_a end_n of_o law_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v three_o mean_n to_o dissolve_v the_o say_a judgement_n and_o execution_n namely_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o a_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la which_o writ_n be_v ground_v upon_o equity_n by_o law_n and_o conscience_n the_o writ_n of_o attaint_n be_v not_o only_o tedious_a and_o thargeable_a attaint_n write_v of_o attaint_n but_o also_o never_o for_o seldom_o try_v for_o the_o same_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o party_n grieve_v against_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o the_o party_n for_o who_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v and_o whereas_o before_o common_o upon_o the_o first_o enquest_n they_o be_v all_o yeoman_n or_o man_n of_o mean_a call_n now_o upon_o this_o attaint_n must_v go_v twenty_o four_o gentleman_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o forty_o eight_o must_v be_v warn_v to_o appear_v then_o there_o must_v in_o the_o attaint_n no_o more_o evidence_n be_v bring_v in_o but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o allege_v before_o the_o first_o enquest_n which_o not_o appear_v of_o record_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v make_v a_o plain_a matter_n again_o gentleman_n and_o other_o be_v loath_a to_o discredit_v their_o neighbour_n yet_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o apparent_a that_o they_o must_v needs_o find_v they_o attaint_v then_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o defer_v the_o judgement_n and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o agreement_n or_o at_o the_o least_o one_o of_o they_o that_o be_v of_o the_o attaint_v juror_n will_v die_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o then_o the_o attaint_n cease_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n which_o bring_v the_o writ_n of_o attaint_n he_o may_v be_v bail_v as_o be_v in_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la the_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v more_o easy_a error_n write_v of_o error_n and_o be_v heretofore_o usual_a to_o prolong_v suit_n in_o law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o jeofaile_v be_v make_v mean_v in_o good_a french_a i'ay_fw-fr failly_fw-fr for_o every_o small_a error_n if_o it_o be_v but_o false_a latin_a will_v overthrow_v a_o cause_n but_o now_o it_o run_v into_o another_o extreme_a for_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v speak_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n and_o show_v some_o material_a error_n upon_o motion_n make_v the_o adverse_a party_n may_v have_v it_o amend_v as_o often_o as_o error_n be_v open_v the_o record_n therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v first_o remove_v and_o not_o only_o by_o transcript_n be_v put_v into_o another_o court_n but_o the_o party_n be_v to_o plead_v thereunto_o in_o nullo_n est_fw-la erratum_fw-la and_o then_o the_o danger_n of_o open_v error_n be_v pass_v if_o there_o be_v no_o trick_n use_v in_o amend_v of_o the_o record_n under_o hand_n wherein_o lie_v a_o cerciorare_fw-la to_o satisfy_v the_o court_n where_o the_o record_n be_v bring_v namely_o from_o the_o common_a plea_n to_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n from_o the_o king_n bench_n to_o the_o exchequer_n which_o heretofore_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o party_n grieve_v and_o in_o prison_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n can_v be_v bailable_a upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n after_o judgement_n and_o execution_n as_o he_o be_v upon_o a_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n for_o this_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n challenge_v some_o priority_n herein_o quaerela_fw-la the_o writ_n of_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la the_o writ_n of_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la be_v grant_v out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n if_o the_o judgement_n do_v depend_v there_o and_o returnable_a in_o the_o say_a court_n or_o else_o out_o of_o the_o chancery_n returnable_a in_o the_o king_n bench_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n take_v four_o bail_n in_o the_o vacation_n time_n before_o a_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o matter_n do_v mere_o depend_v upon_o the_o bail_n the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n be_v a_o late_a contract_n after_o judgement_n and_o execution_n a_o escape_n in_o law_n if_o the_o prisoner_n be_v by_o the_o gaoler_n permit_v to_o go_v abroad_o without_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o if_o he_o break_v prison_n in_o which_o case_n the_o gaoler_n be_v to_o pay_v the_o debt_n or_o upon_o a_o payment_n make_v since_o the_o execution_n also_o a_o wrong_a recovery_n by_o a_o executor_n who_o the_o prerogative_n court_n do_v afterward_o disavow_v such_o and_o the_o like_a suggestion_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o another_o jury_n upon_o evidence_n to_o be_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o say_a allegation_n law_n a_o strict_a law_n this_o common_a law_n be_v so_o strict_a that_o the_o proverb_n be_v summum_fw-la ius_fw-la summa_fw-la iniuria_fw-la for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n have_v issue_n two_o son_n the_o elder_a son_n go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o because_o a_o common_a voice_n be_v that_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o young_a brother_n be_v take_v for_o heite_n the_o father_n die_v the_o young_a brother_n enter_v as_o heir_n and_o alienate_v the_o land_n with_o a_o warranty_n and_o die_v without_o any_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n and_o after_o the_o elder_a brother_n come_v again_o and_o claim_v the_o land_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o law_n the_o elder_a brother_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o the_o warranty_n of_o the_o young_a brother_n again_o partner_n can_v sue_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n law_n partner_n can_v sue_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n if_o two_o man_n have_v a_o wood_n joint_o and_o the_o one_o sell_v the_o wood_n and_o keep_v all_o the_o money_n whole_o to_o himself_o in_o this_o case_n his_o fellow_n shall_v have_v no_o remedy_n against_o he_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o as_o they_o when_o they_o take_v the_o wood_n joint_o put_v each_o other_o in_o trust_n and_o be_v content_v to_o occupy_v and_o deal_v together_o so_o the_o law_n suffer_v they_o to_o order_v the_o profit_n thereof_o the_o law_n therefore_o be_v not_o complete_a without_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n or_o equity_n for_o the_o imperfection_n and_o rigour_n of_o it_o be_v qualify_v thereby_o call_v to_o be_v aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la which_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o this_o case_n two_o stranger_n joint_o do_v deliver_v in_o trust_n unto_o a_o widow_n woman_n a_o round_a sum_n of_o money_n with_o condition_n not_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o her_o hand_n but_o when_o they_o both_o shall_v demand_v the_o same_o within_o a_o while_n after_o one_o of_o they_o come_v unto_o she_o and_o do_v assure_v she_o by_o good_a indices_fw-la and_o probability_n that_o the_o other_o his_o companion_n be_v dead_a and_o thereupon_o do_v entreat_v she_o to_o deliver_v he_o the_o money_n which_o she_o do_v not_o suspect_v any_o fraud_n so_o the_o party_n go_v away_o with_o the_o money_n afterward_o come_v the_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v dead_a and_o demand_v the_o money_n of_o the_o woman_n and_o understand_v that_o she_o have_v pay_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o other_o be_v much_o offend_v therewith_o and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v adiourn_v before_o the_o judge_n the_o woman_n appear_v do_v declare_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n show_v how_o the_o other_o have_v deceive_v she_o and_o she_o do_v whole_o rely_v upon_o the_o integrity_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o judge_n equity_n example_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n here_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n may_v have_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o woman_n by_o the_o law_n and_o cause_v she_o to_o seek_v the_o party_n that_o have_v deceive_v she_o but_o the_o judge_n temper_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n do_v give_v sentence_n that_o the_o woman_n shall_v pay_v the_o money_n unto_o the_o party_n so_o as_o he_o bring_v his_o companion_n with_o he_o to_o demand_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o covenant_n they_o both_o joint_o have_v repose_v a_o trust_n in_o she_o here_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v the_o question_n which_o no_o judge_n can_v determine_v a_o covetous_a doctor_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n will_v not_o instruct_v a_o young_a student_n unless_o he_o do_v pay_v he_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n whereunto_o the_o student_n do_v condescend_v conditional_o that_o he_o shall_v
retail_n 14_o because_o the_o same_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o country_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fertility_n afford_v very_o convenient_a mean_n for_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n be_v gentle_a 15_o because_o man_n be_v to_o reduce_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o their_o cause_n upon_o one_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n whereby_o matter_n be_v determine_v with_o expedition_n 16_o for_o that_o it_o command_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v honest_a reasonable_a and_o possible_a in_o itself_o and_o all_o impossibility_n be_v exclude_v thereby_o 17_o for_o that_o thereof_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n in_o manner_n before_o declare_v see_v the_o same_o be_v finite_a in_o her_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o old_a maxim_n or_o principle_n whereunto_o every_o thing_n be_v reduce_v and_o explain_v as_o aforesaid_a all_o ambiguity_n and_o dark_a sentence_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o judge_n shall_v easy_o give_v a_o clear_a understanding_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o solon_n who_o make_v the_o arropagit_n of_o athens_n to_o be_v as_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n 18_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o one_o point_n peremptory_o or_o in_o certainty_n be_v brief_a and_o substantial_a because_o the_o witness_n which_o be_v produce_v before_o they_o by_o who_o evidence_n the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v make_v must_v be_v approve_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a 19_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o be_v according_o decide_v either_o by_o the_o jury_n upon_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n upon_o demurrer_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n 20_o for_o the_o indifferency_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o controversy_n and_o question_n between_o the_o native_a subject_n and_o alien_n for_o they_o may_v have_v their_o trial_n per_fw-la medietatem_fw-la linguae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v half_o the_o jury_n of_o stranger_n and_o the_o other_o half_n of_o english_a subject_n to_o avoid_v partiality_n 21_o for_o that_o the_o sergeant_n and_o councillor_n at_o the_o law_n be_v to_o give_v counsel_n and_o to_o help_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o prosecute_v law_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n which_o they_o do_v in_o forma_fw-la pauperis_fw-la by_o direction_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o common_a pleas._n 22_o final_o the_o common_a law_n be_v excellent_a for_o have_v few_o fault_n and_o imperfection_n than_o any_o other_o law_n be_v most_o sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o quietness_n thus_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n have_v like_o a_o queen_n a_o predominant_a power_n from_z whence_o proceed_v mutual_a love_n and_o sure_a amity_n from_o the_o prince_n to_o the_o subject_n and_o from_o the_o subject_n again_o due_a obedience_n to_o the_o prince_n in_o a_o most_o pleasant_a harmony_n and_o concord_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o law_n receive_v publish_v and_o record_v without_o any_o reason_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v lex_fw-la cum_fw-la prologo_fw-la wherewith_o seneca_n find_v fault_n when_o he_o say_v jubeat_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la suadeat_fw-la and_o as_o the_o law_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la ligare_fw-la to_o bind_v so_o be_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n bind_v to_o the_o head_n and_o may_v be_v make_v easy_a in_o practice_n for_o as_o the_o saâ—d_n seneca_n say_v nil_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la pertinax_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o diligens_fw-la cura_fw-la non_fw-la expugnat_fw-la of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n the_o law_n of_o france_n be_v either_o write_v or_o customary_a and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n the_o country_n be_v divide_v acquitanie_n and_o a_o part_n of_o celtica_n next_o unto_o it_o be_v call_v pay_v the_o droict_n escript_n because_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n â—â—_o there_o in_o force_n law_n write_a law_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v think_v to_o be_v because_o the_o roman_n do_v continue_v long_o in_o those_o part_n after_o the_o frankes_n have_v make_v a_o thorough_a conquest_n of_o the_o other_o belgica_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o celtica_n be_v call_v coustumier_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o ancient_a custom_n custom_n ancient_a custom_n which_o among_o they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n howbeit_o neither_o the_o civil_a law_n nor_o the_o customary_a be_v further_o in_o force_n than_o they_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o law_n write_v be_v comprehend_v the_o civil_a law_n the_o king_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o advice_n either_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n or_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o the_o arrest_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o erection_n of_o their_o university_n of_o law_n the_o king_n express_o declare_v that_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o receive_v it_o for_o further_a use_n than_o to_o draw_v instruction_n of_o good_a government_n and_o reason_n from_o it_o as_o appeareth_z in_o the_o charter_n at_o orleans_n by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell_n anno_fw-la 1312_o wherein_o he_o show_v that_o this_o realm_n be_v govern_v by_o custom_n and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n except_o in_o some_o province_n which_o the_o king_n have_v permit_v in_o some_o case_n so_o to_o do_v not_o as_o bound_v but_o as_o willing_a to_o continue_v the_o law_n which_o their_o subject_n of_o ancient_a time_n have_v use_v so_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n general_o be_v not_o in_o force_n but_o only_o for_o direction_n and_o form_n of_o plead_v and_o proceed_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o process_n and_o where_o it_o be_v most_o in_o force_v the_o court_n of_o parliament_n have_v authority_n to_o construe_v and_o interpret_v it_o as_o they_o think_v good_a of_o all_o the_o write_v law_n in_o france_n the_o ordinance_n and_o edict_n of_o the_o king_n be_v most_o in_o force_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o the_o only_a law_n and_o all_o other_o have_v their_o life_n from_o they_o and_o be_v so_o far_o forth_o available_a as_o they_o be_v strengthen_v by_o they_o the_o arrest_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n be_v pronounce_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v as_o law_n to_o be_v follow_v in_o all_o case_n in_o like_a manner_n their_o ordinance_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v only_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o king_n provide_v not_o otherwise_o and_o in_o their_o own_o circuit_n only_o for_o they_o have_v not_o authority_n to_o make_v law_n general_a and_o perpetual_a the_o custom_n which_o diverse_a province_n claim_v be_v of_o late_a year_n draw_v into_o writing_n and_o publish_v in_o print_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a understanding_n of_o they_o and_o the_o avoid_v of_o confusion_n so_o that_o now_o all_o the_o law_n of_o france_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v law_n this_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o seven_o anno_fw-la 1453_o and_o order_v also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o anno_fw-la 1579._o jmposition_n subsidy_n and_o jmposition_n this_o manner_n of_o government_n cause_v subsidy_n and_o jmposition_n to_o be_v make_v as_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o king_n authority_n which_o be_v at_o the_o first_o grant_v by_o the_o three_o estate_n upon_o urgent_a necessity_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n only_o comâ—inaâ—le_a clergy_n nobility_n and_o comâ—inaâ—le_a but_o now_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o be_v ordinary_a charles_n the_o seven_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v they_o ordinary_a for_o the_o payment_n of_o soldier_n francis_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o second_o do_v the_o like_a personal_a subsidy_n be_v take_v by_o the_o pole_n whereof_o ecclesiastical_a man_n nobleman_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o child_n be_v exempt_v real_a or_o patrimonial_a subsidy_n be_v levy_v by_o land_n in_o some_o province_n as_o languedoc_n and_o provence_n whereof_o no_o person_n be_v exempt_v mix_v subsidy_n be_v levy_v of_o the_o yeomandrie_n and_o some_o person_n of_o mean_n the_o great_a imposition_n be_v upon_o wine_n now_o fifteen_o sou_n upon_o every_o mew_v and_o upon_o salt_n appoint_v by_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n salt_n magazine_n of_o salt_n call_v magazine_n or_o gremer_n for_o salt_n forbid_v merchant_n to_o traffic_v for_o it_o set_v a_o rate_n of_o four_o denier_n upon_o every_o pound_n of_o
consvetudo_n well_fw-mi lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n necessary_a for_o all_o statesman_n judge_n magistrate_n temporal_a and_o civil_a lawyer_n mint-man_n merchant_n mariner_n and_o all_o other_o negotiate_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n salus_fw-la populi_n suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la london_n print_v by_o adam_n islip_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1622._o doctrina_fw-la parit_fw-la virtutem_fw-la to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o supreme_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n when_o king_n be_v not_o only_a god_n lieutenant_n upon_o earth_n and_o sit_v upon_o his_o throne_n but_o also_o be_v call_v god_n by_o god_n himself_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o transcendent_a preeminence_n and_o prerogative_n whereby_o they_o maintain_v religion_n and_o justice_n whichare_v the_o only_a true_a supporter_n and_o fundamental_a stay_v of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n so_o natural_o unite_v and_o conjoin_v that_o where_o both_o of_o they_o be_v not_o properly_z there_o can_v be_v neither_o these_o high_a attribute_n cause_v their_o law_n to_o be_v sacred_a and_o consequent_o religious_o to_o be_v observe_v whereby_o justice_n be_v administer_v which_o be_v distributive_a and_o commutative_a the_o commutative_a part_n include_v traffic_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a peaceable_a instrument_n to_o enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n perform_v especial_o by_o the_o law-merchant_n by_o reason_n of_o her_o stability_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n do_v differ_v one_o from_o another_o 1_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o their_o own_o government_n 2_o in_o the_o make_n of_o war_n peace_n or_o truce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n 3_o in_o the_o provide_v of_o money_n within_o themselves_o for_o their_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n 4_o in_o the_o election_n of_o chief_a officer_n &_o magistrate_n and_o 5_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n wherein_o many_o mutation_n be_v incident_a yet_o the_o law-merchant_n have_v always_o be_v find_v semper_fw-la eadem_fw-la that_o be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a without_o abrogation_n according_a to_o her_o most_o ancient_a custom_n concur_v with_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o all_o country_n great_a reverence_n be_v due_a unto_o law_n at_o all_o time_n and_o have_v be_v in_o all_o age_n solon_n cause_v the_o athenian_n to_o swear_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o his_o law_n during_o the_o time_n of_o one_o hundred_o year_n lycurgus_n do_v embrace_v a_o voluntary_a perpetual_a exile_n to_o have_v his_o law_n observe_v by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n until_o his_o return_n intend_v never_o to_o return_v and_o the_o roman_n do_v suffer_v their_o old_a law_n of_o twelve_o table_n though_o unjust_a in_o many_o point_n to_o decay_v by_o little_a &_o little_a rather_o than_o to_o make_v a_o sudden_a alteration_n of_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o contempt_n of_o law_n great_a reverence_n than_o be_v due_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o have_v prove_v always_o firm_a and_o inviolable_a wise_a man_n have_v observe_v that_o happy_a be_v those_o commonweal_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o philosopher_n happy_a be_v that_o king_n who_o can_v wise_o govern_v they_o but_o most_o happy_a be_v your_o majesty_n in_o who_o true_a philosophy_n do_v reign_v and_o prosper_v as_o vine_n do_v in_o eminent_a place_n by_o a_o inestimable_a treasure_n of_o a_o observe_v discern_a and_o apply_v princely_a judgement_n govern_v your_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o accompany_v with_o my_o bind_a duty_n have_v embolden_v i_o of_o late_a to_o dedicate_v unto_o your_o sacred_a majesty_n a_o little_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o volume_n which_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o i_o as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o by_o progression_n in_o wisdom_n endeavour_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o knowledge_n do_v perceive_v that_o the_o near_o approach_v thereunto_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o be_v further_a off_o so_o my_o endeavour_n strive_v to_o deserve_v some_o thing_n at_o your_o royal_a hand_n seem_v unto_o i_o to_o merit_v least_o of_o all_o but_o be_v confident_a of_o your_o most_o gracious_a benignity_n and_o superexcee_a grace_n i_o do_v offer_n unto_o your_o most_o judicial_a eye_n this_o law-merchant_n describe_v according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o majesty_n kingdom_n and_o dominion_n may_v be_v increase_v and_o preserve_v which_o be_v do_v by_o just_a and_o politic_a course_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o preheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n ground_v by_o commutatio_fw-la negotiatiuâ—_n upon_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n as_o aforesaid_a observe_v by_o your_o high_a wisdom_n upon_o the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n wherein_o your_o highness_n do_v surpass_v all_o the_o treatise_n and_o conference_n have_v by_o your_o noble_a ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n king_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n if_o your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n therefore_o shall_v be_v please_v from_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la of_o your_o gracious_a aspect_n to_o cast_v some_o reflect_a beam_n upon_o the_o plain_a superficies_n of_o this_o law-merchant_n every_o little_a spark_n therein_o will_v become_v a_o flame_n and_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o draw_v by_o the_o diameter_n of_o it_o meridian_n line_n of_o your_o royal_a favour_n without_o which_o this_o book_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o sun_n dial_n which_o be_v no_o long_o serviceable_a than_o while_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v illuminate_v the_o same_o in_o hope_n of_o which_o superaboundant_a favour_n i_o do_v apostrophate_o this_o epistle_n but_o do_v multiply_v my_o ardent_a prayer_n for_o your_o majesty_n most_o happy_a reign_v long_o to_o endure_v over_o we_o to_o god_n glory_n and_o our_o comfort_n your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a and_o obedient_a subject_n gerard_n malines_n to_o the_o courteous_n rerder_n that_o famous_a philosopher_n xenophon_n extol_v the_o persian_a law_n testify_v that_o their_o citizen_n from_o their_o infancy_n be_v educate_v and_o teach_v not_o to_o attempt_v or_o almost_o to_o imagine_v any_o thing_n but_o honest_a and_o just_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n as_o gellius_n report_v that_o draco_n a_o citizen_n of_o athens_n make_v their_o law_n so_o strict_a and_o severe_a that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v write_v with_o blood_n and_o not_o with_o ink_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o law_n make_v by_o solon_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o spider_n web_n which_o take_v the_o lesser_a fly_n and_o suffer_v the_o great_a to_o escape_v and_o to_o break_v the_o same_o so_o that_o every_o extreme_a be_v vicious_a reason_n require_v a_o law_n not_o too_o cruel_a in_o her_o frown_n nor_o too_o partial_a in_o her_o favour_n neither_o of_o these_o defect_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n because_o the_o same_o do_v proper_o consist_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o be_v approve_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o cicero_n vera_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la natura_fw-la congruens_fw-la diffusa_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la constans_n sempiterna_fw-la true_a law_n be_v a_o right_a reason_n of_o nature_n agree_v therewith_o in_o all_o point_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v in_o all_o nation_n consist_v perpetual_o whereby_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v and_o distribute_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v apparent_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o pleasant_a amiable_a and_o acceptable_a unto_o all_o prince_n and_o potentate_n that_o king_n have_v be_v and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o society_n of_o merchant_n and_o many_o time_n notwithstanding_o their_o particular_a difference_n and_o quarrel_n they_o do_v nevertheless_o agree_v in_o this_o course_n of_o trade_n because_o riches_n be_v the_o bright_a star_n who_o height_n traffic_n take_v to_o direct_v itself_o by_o whereby_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n do_v flourish_v merchant_n be_v the_o mean_n and_o instrument_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o to_o the_o glory_n illustration_n and_o benefit_n of_o their_o monarchy_n and_o state_n questionless_a therefore_o the_o state_n of_o a_o merchant_n be_v of_o great_a
plantation_n of_o people_n and_o new_a discovery_n 234_o 47_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n 241_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n 255_o 2_o of_o mine_n royal_a 259_o 3_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n 268_o 4_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n 272_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o 274_o 6_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n 279_o 7_o of_o the_o assay_n of_o bâ—llion_n and_o money_n 284_o 8_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n 291_o 9_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o â—iluer_n 307_o 10_o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n 235_o 11_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n 329_o 12_o of_o intolerable_a usury_n and_o lombard_n 337_o 13_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n 341_o 14_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n 345_o 15_o of_o usurious_a contract_n 349_o 16_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n 352_o 17_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n 354_o 18_o of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n annuity_n and_o pension_n 358_o 19_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n 360_o 20_o of_o merchant_n account_v keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 362_o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 378_o 2_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 382_o 3_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 386_o 4_o of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o the_o term_n of_o art_n use_v therein_o 391_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 393_o 6_o of_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o custom_n observe_v concern_v the_o same_o 398_o 7_o of_o notary_n intimation_n and_o protest_v 401_o 8_o of_o reciprocal_a or_o double_a exchange_n 404_o 9_o of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n perform_v by_o exchange_n 408_o 10_o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n 413_o 11_o of_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n 424_o 12_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n 428_o 13_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n 439_o 14_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n 443_o 15_o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v 447_o 16_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n 451_o 17_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v 460_o 18_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n 477_o 19_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n 491_o 20_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o staple_n 495_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n 499_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_z and_o the_o antiqvitie_n thereof_o chap._n i._n when_o almighty_a god_n have_v create_v man_n good_a and_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o can_v not_o so_o well_o live_v alone_o as_o other_o creature_n sufficient_o provide_v by_o nature_n for_o their_o sustenance_n and_o have_v reason_n assign_v and_o give_v unto_o he_o above_o all_o the_o say_a creature_n yet_o all_o the_o mean_n and_o faculty_n of_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o happy_a while_o he_o be_v alone_o but_o necessity_n do_v require_v a_o concourse_n of_o man_n help_v one_o another_o to_o supply_v with_o a_o common_a strength_n the_o say_a weakness_n for_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o say_a necessity_n be_v so_o weighty_a and_o great_a that_o one_o man_n alone_o be_v not_o able_a to_o manage_v the_o same_o then_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n every_o man_n do_v afford_v mean_n according_a to_o his_o ability_n for_o the_o common_a good_a so_o that_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n do_v employ_v their_o labour_n to_o get_v live_v and_o maintenance_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o and_o those_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o understanding_n and_o reason_n do_v undertake_v the_o most_o important_a matter_n teach_v man_n how_o to_o live_v well_o and_o inform_v they_o of_o their_o felicity_n which_o they_o judge_v chief_o to_o consist_v in_o virtuous_a action_n endeavour_v to_o make_v impression_n in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n of_o certain_a good_a law_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o with_o a_o reference_n of_o they_o to_o the_o first_o law_n engraft_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o divine_a light_n which_o be_v infuse_v in_o he_o to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n the_o good_a and_o evil_a synderisis_z call_v by_o the_o grecian_n synderisis_z and_o according_o to_o receive_v reward_n or_o punishment_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o better_a part_n of_o inform_v and_o guide_v the_o thought_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n to_o a_o supernatural_a end_n that_o as_o surpass_v the_o compass_n of_o that_o low_a sphere_n wherein_o i_o now_o move_v must_v be_v leave_v untouched_a by_o i_o who_o here_o take_v for_o my_o object_n not_o the_o spiritual_a but_o the_o civil_a life_n of_o man_n and_o the_o mean_n thereto_o conduce_v touch_v therefore_o the_o external_a part_n the_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n among_o man_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n continue_v both_o in_o labour_v and_o manure_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n in_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n as_o in_o the_o immediate_a child_n of_o our_o first_o father_n adam_n and_o in_o plant_v vine_n and_o make_v a_o extract_n of_o the_o ivyce_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o as_o noah_n which_o riches_n in_o matter_n and_o foundation_n natural_a and_o partly_o also_o in_o alteration_n and_o manage_v artificial_o every_o possessor_n not_o long_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n several_o enjoy_v in_o property_n and_o hence_o do_v proceed_v a_o commerce_n first_o in_o real_a interchange_n and_o communication_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o or_o other_o kind_n but_o all_o natural_a commodity_n as_o sheep_n for_o sheep_n sheep_n for_o corn_n wine_n for_o oil_n etc._n etc._n between_o man_n and_o man_n or_o nation_n and_o nation_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o after_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o a_o common_a pignus_fw-la currant_n mutual_a which_o we_o call_v money_n both_o by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v gen._n gen._n the_o most_o ancient_a evidence_n hereof_o be_v abraham_n purchase_v for_o money_n a_o field_n for_o burial_n the_o observation_n and_o custom_n whereof_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o that_o especial_o when_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v into_o a_o infinite_a number_n and_o the_o domestic_n or_o near_a hand_n commodity_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o their_o sustenance_n in_o some_o country_n and_o in_o other_o country_n be_v over_o abundant_a then_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o use_n of_o trust_v exchange_v and_o trade_v first_o on_o the_o land_n in_o the_o main_a continent_n and_o then_o extensive_o upon_o the_o sea_n both_o for_o fish_v and_o negotiation_n then_o do_v merchant_n travel_v from_o country_n to_o country_n so_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n 37.27_o gen_n 37.27_o do_v the_o merchant_n madianit_n in_o their_o journey_n meet_v with_o the_o child_n of_o jacob_n and_o then_o joseph_n be_v carry_v by_o their_o mean_n into_o egypt_n and_o sell_v to_o potipher_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o family_n and_o then_o it_o be_v and_o prove_v to_o be_v true_a which_o experience_n have_v confirm_v that_o vita_fw-la ciculis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la law_n the_o law-merchant_n a_o most_o ancient_a law_n societas_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n merchant_n may_v well_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o humane_a law_n and_o more_o ancient_a than_o any_o write_a law_n the_o very_a moral_a law_n itself_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n be_v long_o after_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o be_v daily_o augment_v successive_o upon_o new_a
mariner_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n 9_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n tribute_n and_o toll_v pay_v upon_o all_o the_o commodity_n import_v and_o export_v within_o the_o dominion_n of_o all_o prince_n 10._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v of_o assurance_n upon_o good_n ship_n the_o person_n of_o man_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n adventure_v by_o sea_n or_o by_o land_n and_o the_o custom_n observe_v therein_o between_o nation_n and_o nation_n 11._o the_o keep_n of_o merchant_n account_n by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n and_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o money_n whereby_o the_o say_v book_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v 12._o the_o authority_n and_o proceed_n of_o merchant_n court_n or_o prior_n and_o consul_n to_o decide_v their_o difference_n according_a to_o equity_n in_o place_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v or_o any_o other_o law_n imperial_a or_o common_a to_o some_o country_n whereby_o merchant_n controversy_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o course_n of_o attachment_n and_o sequestration_n or_o execution_n and_o final_a determination_n by_o arbitrator_n or_o judicial_a decree_n in_o any_o chancery_n or_o court_n of_o equity_n all_o these_o make_v the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n have_v never_o be_v write_v by_o any_o civilian_n or_o philosopher_n merchant_n the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n nor_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v of_o any_o author_n as_o be_v convenient_a for_o merchant_n whereupon_o i_o have_v with_o god_n assistance_n resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o same_o compendious_o and_o substantial_o in_o this_o book_n upon_o fifty_o year_n observation_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n and_o albeit_o that_o the_o sea_n law_n be_v comprehend_v therein_o whereby_o the_o proceed_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v promiscuous_o handle_v nevertheless_o the_o method_n be_v follow_v as_o near_o as_o the_o matter_n can_v afford_v according_a to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n or_o the_o three_o simple_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o hereafter_o may_v appear_v and_o this_o law_n of_o merchant_n hitherto_o observe_v in_o all_o country_n aught_o in_o regard_n of_o commerce_n to_o be_v esteem_v and_o hold_v in_o reputation_n as_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n be_v among_o the_o roman_n for_o herein_o you_o shall_v find_v every_o thing_n build_v upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o reason_n and_o justice_n and_o know_v the_o foresay_a twelve_o point_n you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o please_v your_o own_o mind_n and_o give_v satisfaction_n of_o your_o sufficiency_n to_o other_o for_o the_o say_n be_v true_a melius_fw-la est_fw-la civitatem_fw-la ab_fw-la optima_fw-la lege_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la optimo_fw-la viro_fw-la gubernari_fw-la it_o be_v better_a to_o govern_v a_o city_n by_o a_o good_a law_n than_o by_o a_o good_a man_n and_o it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o reason_n than_o by_o his_o own_o reason_n to_o seek_v to_o rule_v other_o final_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a i_o have_v abstract_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n upon_o all_o the_o precedent_a point_n and_o add_v they_o unto_o the_o follow_a chapter_n distinct_o from_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n use_v the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o civilians_n in_o general_a without_o name_v any_o particular_a author_n to_o avoid_v ambiguity_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n chap._n ii_o a_o observation_n concern_v time_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n and_o understanding_n do_v know_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o necessary_a for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n and_o diverse_a estate_n of_o the_o world_n than_o the_o observation_n of_o time_n without_o which_o great_a obscurity_n and_o error_n will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o action_n of_o man_n aswell_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n as_o in_o civil_a government_n where_o merchant_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v the_o manage_n and_o dispose_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n so_o that_o it_o behove_v they_o to_o observe_v the_o year_n month_n week_n time_n merchant_n be_v to_o observe_v time_n and_o day_n and_o sometime_o the_o hour_n of_o their_o negotiation_n with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o water_n the_o variation_n of_o wind_n and_o alteration_n of_o weather_n for_o storm_n at_o the_o sea_n and_o unseasonable_a time_n on_o land_n whereby_o the_o harvest_n do_v fail_v and_o commodity_n become_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o and_o the_o price_n thereof_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a with_o many_o other_o consideration_n incident_a in_o the_o course_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n and_o in_o receive_v and_o pay_v of_o money_n to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o time_n will_v in_o one_o respect_n be_v very_o difficult_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o time_n be_v inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o eternity_n but_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o attribute_n of_o time_n and_o do_v distinguish_v thing_n orderly_o we_o shall_v easy_o perceive_v what_o time_n be_v and_o make_v use_v thereof_o time_n the_o attribute_n of_o time_n time_n be_v the_o consumer_n of_o all_o thing_n tempus_fw-la edax_fw-la rerum_fw-la time_n be_v the_o discoverer_n of_o all_o thing_n veritas_fw-la filia_fw-la temporis_fw-la time_n be_v uncertain_a and_o want_v bound_n tempora_fw-la mutantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n time_n minute_n past_a no_o treasure_n can_v restore_v irrevocabile_fw-la tempus_fw-la time_n do_v pierce_v the_o hard_a flint_n gutta_n cavat_fw-la lapidem_fw-la non_fw-la vi_fw-la sed_fw-la sepe_fw-la cadendo_fw-la time_n have_v a_o salve_n for_o all_o extremity_n and_o yet_o beget_v usury_n time_n office_n be_v to_o end_v the_o hate_n of_o foe_n time_n glory_n be_v to_o calm_v contend_v king_n time_n be_v a_o tutor_n both_o to_o good_a and_o bad_a and_o do_v discover_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n time_n offer_v still_o each_o hour_n to_o do_v amiss_o time_n breed_v grief_n and_o heal_v when_o art_n do_v fail_v by_o time_n and_o wisdom_n passion_n be_v suppress_v in_o time_n small_a wedge_n cleave_v the_o hard_a oak_n time_n be_v the_o anchor_n both_o of_o truth_n and_o right_n time_n have_v set_v down_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o course_n time_n motion_n do_v equal_a the_o reel_a sun_n time_n measure_v our_o action_n time_n be_v the_o best_a governor_n of_o all_o our_o counsel_n time_n on_o the_o weary_a wretch_n bestow_v rest_n both_o life_n and_o love_n in_o time_n must_v have_v a_o end_n many_o more_o attribute_n may_v be_v bestow_v upon_o time_n but_o we_o shall_v find_v upon_o due_a consideration_n that_o time_n be_v but_o a_o distinction_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o between_o all_o thing_n concern_v the_o revolution_n of_o time_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o even_o as_o god_n the_o author_n and_o conserver_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o a_o comely_a and_o decent_a order_n time_n the_o revolution_n of_o time_n have_v appoint_v a_o succession_n and_o progress_n of_o time_n for_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o natural_a course_n thereof_o so_o have_v he_o appoint_v certain_a period_n and_o revolution_n of_o time_n wherein_o thing_n return_v to_o the_o same_o or_o like_o estate_n wherein_o they_o be_v before_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n all_o which_o be_v measure_v by_o time_n the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o the_o star_n to_o have_v their_o particular_a and_o distinct_a revolution_n wherein_o they_o accomplish_v their_o course_n and_o return_v after_o a_o limit_v and_o determinate_a space_n of_o time_n to_o the_o place_n from_o which_o they_o do_v depart_v the_o sun_n complete_n his_o course_n and_o revolution_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o almost_o six_o hour_n or_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o day_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v which_o be_v that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o call_v the_o year_n term_v annus_fw-la qui_fw-la annulus_fw-la annulus_fw-la annus_fw-la quasi_fw-la annulus_fw-la take_v the_o similitude_n from_o a_o ring_n which_o cause_v the_o egyption_n to_o make_v the_o figure_n thereof_o in_o their_o hierogliphic_n like_v unto_o a_o serpent_n bite_v his_o own_o tail_n the_o moon_n by_o her_o revolution_n in_o the_o sphere_n in_o 28_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o determinate_v unto_o we_o the_o month_n as_o the_o sun_n do_v the_o day_n and_o hour_n saturnus_n the_o planet_n make_v her_o revolution_n in_o 30_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12._o year_n mars_n in_o two_o year_n and_o venus_n and_o mercury_n in_o 360_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v also_o their_o peculiar_a motion_n and_o revolution_n the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o which_o be_v both_o please_a and_o necessary_a unto_o judicious_a merchant_n and_o because_o time_n be_v
do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
also_o provide_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v voluntary_o yield_v to_o any_o arrest_n or_o his_o body_n to_o prison_n and_o so_o remain_v in_o prison_n for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o month_n think_v by_o that_o imprisonment_n to_o free_v his_o good_n and_o to_o deceive_v his_o creditor_n against_o he_o may_v the_o say_a commission_n be_v sue_v forth_o and_o execute_v according_o for_o he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o bankrupt_a according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v at_o liberty_n against_o who_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o bankrupt_a be_v take_v out_o the_o say_a commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o see_v cause_n commit_v he_o to_o prison_n and_o give_v he_o some_o allowance_n for_o his_o maintenance_n and_o of_o all_o their_o proceed_n there_o be_v a_o register_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o record_v the_o same_o until_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n do_v dissolve_v the_o say_a commission_n by_o a_o supersedeas_fw-la decoctor_n definition_n of_o the_o word_n decoctor_n the_o civilians_n be_v copious_a in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o have_v attribute_v unto_o this_o kind_n of_o people_n the_o name_n of_o decoctor_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n decoquâ—_n as_o it_o be_v to_o consume_v the_o substance_n of_o thing_n by_o decrease_n and_o evaporation_n of_o boil_v over_o the_o fire_n otherwise_o call_v disturber_n or_o consumer_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v observe_v great_a distinction_n between_o these_o person_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n de_fw-fr decoctoribus_fw-la make_v by_o benuenuto_n straccha_n appear_v and_o the_o definition_n of_o bankerupt_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n distinguish_v first_o when_o a_o man_n become_v insoluent_a by_o lose_v his_o good_n and_o other_o man_n by_o fortune_n mischance_n and_o casualty_n which_o man_n be_v not_o take_v to_o be_v infamous_a by_o the_o law_n endeavour_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n as_o he_o can_v second_o when_o a_o man_n by_o waste_v spoil_v and_o vicious_o give_v consume_v his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n good_n and_o he_o by_o the_o law_n be_v infamous_a three_o when_o a_o man_n be_v decay_v partly_o by_o waste_v and_o spoil_v of_o his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n good_n and_o partly_o by_o misfortune_n and_o accident_n and_o this_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v infamous_a if_o he_o be_v vicious_a hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v the_o four_o and_o most_o vile_a person_n who_o enrich_v himself_o with_o other_o man_n good_n break_v without_o just_a cause_n and_o only_o of_o purpose_n to_o deceive_v man_n according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a example_n of_o rouen_n albeit_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v civilians_n have_v leave_v they_o out_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v criminal_o punish_v as_o thief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o prince_n authority_n as_o the_o banker_n of_o florence_n be_v who_o break_v for_o many_o million_o of_o ducat_n make_v a_o sudden_a and_o deceitful_a composition_n with_o his_o creditor_n for_o the_o one_o half_a and_o do_v pay_v they_o in_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n he_o cause_v his_o process_n to_o be_v make_v instant_o and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v execute_v also_o according_o which_o be_v good_a justice_n and_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o by_o the_o creditor_n bankrupt_n punishment_n of_o bankrupt_n as_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o genoa_n in_o italy_n do_v unto_o a_o debtor_n of_o he_o who_o he_o know_v go_v about_o to_o deceive_v he_o for_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o chair_n to_o be_v make_v and_o call_v the_o party_n to_o his_o house_n and_o entreat_v he_o to_o sit_v therein_o which_o be_v make_v with_o certain_a engine_n do_v sudden_o so_o gripe_v and_o clasp_v in_o his_o say_a debtor_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v he_o or_o it_o may_v have_v cost_v he_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o russia_n a_o man_n have_v leave_v to_o beat_v or_o to_o have_v his_o debtor_n beat_v upon_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n if_o he_o can_v pay_v and_o therewith_o be_v he_o discharge_v which_o be_v not_o so_o cruel_a as_o to_o keep_v he_o always_o in_o prison_n and_o make_v he_o to_o endure_v a_o linger_a death_n wherein_o the_o undo_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v make_v partaker_n unjust_o concern_v fraudulent_a dealer_n the_o law_n be_v that_o by_o make_v session_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v relieve_v and_o may_v be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o church_n whereas_o a_o freeman_n can_v be_v arrest_v or_o take_v in_o the_o church_n but_o may_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v a_o fraudulent_a man_n by_o his_o book_n of_o account_n than_o any_o bargain_n or_o sale_n make_v two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o his_o break_n by_o good_n sell_v good_a cheap_a may_v be_v recall_v and_o avoid_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o he_o pay_v one_o man_n after_o his_o break_n the_o same_o may_v be_v take_v to_o be_v do_v in_o fraud_n of_o all_o the_o other_o creditor_n and_o may_v be_v recall_v for_o the_o generality_n so_o good_n buy_v by_o he_o before_o break_v if_o they_o be_v find_v in_o esse_fw-la may_v be_v claim_v by_o the_o seller_n to_o his_o particular_a use_n and_o payment_n again_o all_o conjecture_n of_o fraud_n may_v be_v augment_v and_o aggravate_v against_o the_o fraudulent_a man_n according_a to_o the_o say_n semel_fw-la inventum_fw-la decies_fw-la factum_fw-la if_o any_o man_n do_v break_v in_o partnership_n the_o partnership_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la dissolve_v by_o law_n but_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o other_o remain_v pay_v the_o debt_n of_o the_o partnership_n also_o any_o commission_n give_v by_o he_o for_o the_o partnership_n be_v void_a instant_o howbeit_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o ignorance_n of_o his_o break_n have_v cause_v his_o commission_n to_o be_v follow_v that_o which_o be_v do_v do_v bind_v the_o master_n and_o shall_v excuse_v the_o factor_n debtor_n suspicious_a debtor_n a_o debtor_n suspect_v by_o other_o may_v be_v touch_v before_o money_n be_v due_a and_o the_o creditor_n may_v attach_v some_o of_o his_o good_n or_o pawn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o write_v of_o latitat_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n may_v be_v serve_v upon_o they_o to_o find_v surety_n for_o their_o appearance_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n but_o the_o law_n in_o diverse_a country_n do_v very_o much_o differ_v in_o the_o proceed_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o fraudulent_a man_n suretyship_n a_o question_n for_o suretyship_n here_o arise_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o surety_n can_v pretend_v to_o be_v discharge_v if_o the_o creditor_n have_v make_v or_o agree_v with_o the_o principal_a for_o a_o long_a time_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o principal_a break_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o if_o he_o know_v of_o the_o new_a agreement_n of_o the_o say_a party_n for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o otherwise_o be_v bind_v as_o a_o surety_n for_o a_o time_n limit_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v clear_v at_o that_o time_n or_o to_o make_v suit_n or_o demand_v to_o have_v his_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o principal_a as_o also_o of_o the_o surety_n which_o be_v neglect_v do_v in_o equity_n discharge_v the_o say_a surety_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o the_o surety_n do_v break_v at_o or_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n the_o creditor_n may_v demand_v another_o surety_n in_o that_o man_n place_n which_o be_v break_v wherein_o the_o law_n be_v very_o indifferent_a and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o diverse_a lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o interest_n upon_o bond_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o when_o the_o say_v money_n be_v continue_v or_o prolong_v at_o interest_n the_o bond_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o counter-bond_n also_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o old_a bond_n for_o many_o year_n to_o be_v uncancel_v for_o it_o do_v oftentimes_o happen_v upon_o occasion_n of_o absence_n of_o some_o of_o the_o party_n that_o a_o new_a bond_n be_v sometime_o seal_v and_o the_o old_a not_o take_v in_o which_o breed_v contention_n for_o the_o new_a bond_n be_v make_v the_o old_a be_v void_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v uncancel_v and_o also_o put_v in_o suit_n by_o some_o executor_n or_o administrator_n ignorant_a of_o the_o other_o new_a bond_n take_v for_o the_o same_o and_o pay_v long_o before_o albeit_o herein_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v more_o reason_n not_o to_o make_v new_a bond_n howsoever_o diligent_a
for_o in_o the_o execution_n consist_v the_o life_n of_o all_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a of_o man_n action_n which_o aim_v at_o some_o certain_a end_n for_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o some_o that_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n differ_v in_o this_o fool_n difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n that_o the_o wise_a have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o end_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v and_o the_o fool_n without_o consideration_n permit_v the_o end_n to_o manifest_v in_o self_n whereof_o ignorant_a man_n judge_v according_a to_o the_o event_n although_o the_o enterprise_n be_v never_o so_o advise_o take_v in_o hand_n and_o as_o if_o the_o success_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o divine_a power_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o his_o providence_n the_o determination_n of_o all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n especial_o of_o merchant_n affair_n be_v do_v and_o execute_v as_o follow_v 1_o concern_v seafaring_a cause_n which_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o sea-lawe_n already_o write_v and_o in_o the_o premise_n abridge_v controversy_n four_o meaneâ—_n to_o end_v controversy_n we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n brief_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o second_o mean_a to_o end_v controversy_n be_v by_o arbitrator_n choose_v and_o elect_v by_o both_o party_n to_o end_v their_o difference_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n to_o avoid_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o unto_o merchant_n be_v inconvenient_a 3_o the_o three_o mean_v be_v the_o authority_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n for_o the_o merchant_n court_n according_a to_o the_o privilege_n which_o prince_n have_v grant_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o custom_n whereof_o most_o judge_n be_v either_o ignorant_a or_o content_v to_o determine_v matter_n according_o 4_o the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_v to_o determine_v question_n and_o difference_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o several_a dominion_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o they_o wherein_o we_o be_v especial_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a for_o all_o nation_n do_v frame_n and_o direct_v their_o judgement_n thereafter_o give_v place_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o merchant_n custom_n which_o make_v proper_o their_o law_n now_o by_o i_o methodical_o describe_v in_o this_o book_n which_o allow_v to_o every_o man_n and_o nation_n his_o proper_a right_n and_o due_a and_o hure_v no_o man_n law_n three_o precept_n of_o all_o law_n according_a to_o the_o three_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o law_n set_v down_o by_o caius_n and_o after_o he_o by_o tribonianus_n namely_o honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la laedere_fw-la &_o ius_n suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la whereof_o the_o second_o tri_v and_o rule_v the_o two_o other_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o touch_v the_o first_o mean_v to_o determine_v seafaring_a cause_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o speak_v much_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o admiral_n at_o the_o sea_n admiral_n a_o admiral_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n magnus_n dux_n classis_fw-la and_o drungarius_n magnus_fw-la or_o admiratus_fw-la from_o amiras_n a_o word_n use_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o see_v or_o adelantado_n as_o go_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o ship_n also_o by_o the_o italian_n l'amiraglio_n or_o admiral_n in_o french_a because_o his_o call_n be_v know_v to_o all_o but_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o great_a admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o power_n over_o the_o life_n of_o man_n a_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n only_o proper_a to_o themselves_o court._n the_o admiral_n court._n in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_v civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n shall_v meddle_v therewith_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v his_o deputy_n judicial_o to_o decide_v they_o by_o the_o advocate_n and_o other_o assistant_n for_o the_o better_a and_o just_a proceed_n of_o the_o say_a court_n also_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n be_v veric_a necessary_a and_o herein_o it_o have_v be_v think_v convenient_a that_o all_o proctor_n or_o attorn'ey_n of_o that_o court_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n before_o they_o be_v hear_v etc._n advocate_n and_o proctor_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o shall_v do_v nothing_o malicious_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v their_o action_n to_o be_v unrighteous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n they_o be_v to_o tell_v it_o to_o their_o client_n and_o if_o the_o client_n will_v insist_v then_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n oath_n the_o proctor_n oath_n also_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v their_o client_n secret_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o last_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o propound_v delay_n nor_o be_v peremptory_a against_o their_o conscience_n and_o the_o like_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v of_o other_o officer_n at_o their_o admission_n the_o cause_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n do_v extend_v very_o far_o and_o many_o be_v otherwise_o decree_v or_o determine_v especial_o by_o the_o merchant_n court_n admiralty_n cause_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o admiralty_n and_o office_n of_o assurance_n whereas_o heretofore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v minister_v justice_n upon_o all_o complaint_n contract_n offence_n plea_n exchange_n assurance_n debt_n account_n charterparty_n covenant_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n concern_v lade_v and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n fraight_n hire_n money_n lend_v upon_o hazard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o seafaring_a business_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o writ_n and_o appeal_n from_o other_o judge_n letter_n of_o reprisal_n or_o mart_n to_o arrest_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n to_o inquire_v within_o and_o without_o liberty_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o all_o offence_n and_o trespass_n and_o namely_o first_o touch_v the_o revealer_n of_o the_o king_n and_o country_n their_o secret_n over_o sea_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n against_o pirate_n their_o assister_n or_o abettor_n outreader_n or_o receiver_n against_o fortefier_n of_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o harmer_n of_o friend_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o admiral_n arrest_n and_o attachment_n against_o good_n forbid_v and_o merchandise_n not_o custom_a and_o yet_o transport_v against_o the_o resister_n of_o the_o admiral_n officer_n in_o execute_v his_o precept_n against_o forestaller_n regrater_n and_o dearther_n of_o corn_n and_o victual_n etc._n etc._n final_o against_o transporter_n of_o traitor_n rebel_n manifest_a transgressor_n and_o fugitive_n from_o justice_n or_o caster_n of_o ballast_n sand_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n in_o harbour_n or_o channel_n extortioner_n by_o ship_n and_o boat-wrights_a for_o take_v away_o the_o boigh_n from_o the_o anchor_n cutter_n of_o cable_n or_o towe_n false_a weight_n and_o measure_n by_o sea_n shedder_n of_o other_o man_n blood_n on_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o port_n or_o lame_v by_o misdemeanour_n customer_n and_o water-bailifes_a take_n more_o custom_n or_o anchorage_n than_o they_o ought_v for_o absent_v from_o muster_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o all_o transgression_n commit_v by_o seaman_n ferry-man_n watermen_n fisher_n pilot_n shipwrights_a press_a man_n contain_v the_o admiral_n authority_n and_o to_o amerce_v they_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n the_o good_n of_o pirate_n felon_n capital_a offender_n their_o receiver_n assister_n attaint_v convict_v condemn_v and_o outlaw_v waif_n and_o stray_v good_n wreck_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o cast_v good_n deodando_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o boat_n or_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v sea_n beacon_n to_o give_v light_n on_o the_o sea_n share_n lawful_a prize_n or_o good_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o lagon_n floatson_n and_o jetson_n before_o declare_v with_o the_o anchorage_n beaconage_n swine_n sturgeon_n and_o whale_n cast_v on_o shore_n &_o all_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a greatness_n call_v regal_a of_o all_o these_o the_o admiral_n have_v authority_n to_o deal_v correct_v and_o punish_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n and_o the_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o same_o by_o statute_n enact_v and_o all_o other_o law_n and_o mean_n before_o declare_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o admiral_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o skilful_a and_o honest_a and_o be_v to_o have_v diverse_a register_n for_o congee_n safeconduct_n passport_n sea-briefe_n without_o which_o no_o ship_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v to_o pass_v clerk_n the_o register_n of_o the_o clerk_n nor_o yet_o in_o far_a voyage_n in_o time_n of_o
peace_n another_o register_n for_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o captain_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o their_o return_n a_o three_o register_n for_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n passenger_n and_o owner_n which_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o deliver_v up_o to_o have_v they_o enrol_v and_o all_o pilot_n name_n although_o record_v in_o the_o office_n call_v the_o trinity_n house_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v down_o and_o know_v to_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n also_o all_o money_n deliver_v upon_o hazard_n or_o bottomarie_a as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la or_o pecunia_fw-la traiectitia_fw-la now_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n proceed_v the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a or_o the_o custom_n write_v and_o if_o the_o debate_n or_o cause_n can_v be_v determine_v thereby_o the_o last_o refuge_n be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o skilful_a and_o upright_a man_n in_o their_o own_o trade_n but_o all_o this_o must_v be_v do_v as_o the_o law_n say_v velo_n levato_fw-la so_o brief_o and_o summary_o without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o other_o ordinary_a court_n and_o judgement_n only_o look_v to_o god_n and_o the_o truth_n and_o all_o complaint_n to_o be_v end_v instant_o especial_o of_o shipwreck_n for_o it_o be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v so_o miserable_a person_n with_o tedious_a proceed_n whereupon_o in_o this_o case_n the_o judge_n may_v proceed_v to_o execution_n upon_o every_o interlocutorie_a and_o make_v restitution_n present_o upon_o good_a caution_n to_o be_v give_v to_o satisfy_v the_o appellation_n if_o any_o be_v make_v and_o herein_o there_o be_v a_o further_a privilege_n to_o they_o for_o whereas_o by_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n where_o no_o litiscontestation_n be_v past_a or_o as_o we_o say_v bill_n and_o answer_v depend_v no_o witness_n shall_v be_v receive_v nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la eternam_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la privilege_n extraordinary_a privilege_n ac_fw-la adversario_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la citato_fw-la yet_o in_o shipwreck_n as_o a_o case_n to_o be_v commiserate_v any_o of_o the_o ship-broken-man_n may_v come_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o part_n where_o the_o wreck_n happen_v and_o by_o witness_n bring_v with_o he_o may_v make_v proof_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a privilege_n even_o so_o may_v merchant_n ordinary_o and_o master_n sail_v together_o bear_v witness_v each_o one_o to_o other_o of_o their_o society_n within_o the_o ship_n if_o they_o have_v neither_o to_o lose_v or_o gain_v thereby_o and_o especial_o mariner_n for_o or_o against_o the_o master_n when_o the_o voyage_n be_v end_v privilege_n ordinary_a privilege_n and_o they_o free_a of_o his_o commandment_n for_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o doctor_n when_o truth_n can_v be_v otherwise_o try_v then_o unable_a person_n may_v be_v hear_v and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o trade_n be_v not_o interrupt_v by_o vexation_n of_o quarrelsome_a person_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o not_o only_o the_o common_a caution_n judicio_fw-la sisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la be_v keep_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o also_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr expensis_fw-la soluendis_fw-la if_o he_o fail_v in_o proof_n likewise_o if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n after_o three_o citation_n or_o four_o at_o the_o most_o call_v quatuor_fw-la defaltae_fw-la he_o be_v take_v for_o contemptuous_a the_o judge_n may_v ordain_v the_o marshal_n or_o officer_n to_o put_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o possession_n by_o his_o sentence_n or_o primum_fw-la decretum_fw-la provide_v that_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v within_o the_o year_n and_o pay_v the_o cost_n and_o expense_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o hear_v upon_o the_o propriety_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o any_o attachment_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n it_o shall_v upon_o caution_n give_v summary_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v for_o this_o law_n of_o admiralty_n intend_v nothing_o but_o expedition_n for_o the_o better_a advancement_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xv._o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v the_o second_o mean_v or_o rather_o ordinary_a course_n to_o end_v the_o question_n and_o controversy_n arise_v between_o merchant_n be_v by_o way_n of_o arbitrement_n when_o both_o party_n doâ—_n make_v choice_n of_o honest_a man_n to_o end_v their_o cause_n which_o be_v voluntary_a and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n and_o therefore_o call_v arbitrium_fw-la or_o free_a will_n whence_o the_o name_n arbitrator_n be_v derive_v and_o these_o man_n by_o some_o call_v good_a man_n give_v their_o judgement_n by_o award_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n observe_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o partiality_n or_o affection_n more_o nor_o less_o to_o the_o one_o than_o to_o the_o other_o have_v only_a care_n that_o right_o may_v take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n and_o that_o the_o difference_n may_v be_v end_v with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n insomuch_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v call_v a_o arbitrator_n who_o to_o please_v his_o friend_n make_v delay_n and_o propagate_v their_o difference_n but_o he_o be_v rather_o a_o disturber_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o justice_n and_o truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o manner_n to_o elect_v arbitrator_n arbitrator_n the_o manner_n to_o choose_v arbitrator_n be_v worthy_a the_o observation_n some_o be_v content_v to_o name_v four_o or_o six_o person_n on_o either_o side_n in_o writing_n and_o refer_v the_o name_n or_o elect_v of_o four_o out_o of_o they_o by_o reciprocal_a proceed_n when_o one_o name_v the_o first_o person_n another_o the_o second_o and_o then_o again_o the_o three_o and_o the_o other_o the_o four_o person_n other_o put_v several_a name_n in_o a_o paper_n be_v content_v that_o a_o mere_a stranger_n shall_v upon_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o paper_n prick_v their_o name_n with_o a_o pin_n or_o that_o as_o they_o be_v number_v the_o dice_n shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o they_o according_o by_o the_o number_n other_o put_v their_o name_n in_o several_a paper_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v mingle_v and_o draw_v by_o way_n of_o lot_n by_o a_o indifferent_a person_n which_o course_n may_v be_v think_v allowable_a as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o divide_n of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n other_o will_v do_v the_o same_o by_o nomination_n of_o they_o and_o draw_v of_o the_o long_a or_o short_a straw_n or_o by_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a mean_n of_o point_v number_v or_o describe_v all_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n to_o have_v indifferency_n and_o that_o partiality_n may_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o mean_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v also_o whether_o two_o three_o or_o all_o four_o shall_v have_v authority_n to_o determine_v the_o cause_n seal_n award_v be_v to_o be_v give_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_n if_o they_o can_v to_o be_v do_v within_o a_o limit_v time_n wherein_o their_o award_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v name_v a_o umpire_n or_o not_o all_o which_o must_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n unless_o the_o question_n be_v only_o upon_o one_o point_n to_o be_v determine_v wherein_o no_o bond_n be_v needful_a but_o by_o way_n of_o assumpsit_fw-la by_o deliver_v a_o piece_n of_o coin_n each_o to_o other_o and_o thereby_o bind_v themselves_o reciprocal_o upon_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n it_o be_v end_v and_o the_o say_a penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n by_o assumpsit_fw-la may_v be_v recover_v by_o law_n and_o the_o merchant_n court_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forfeiture_n upon_o bond_n if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o perform_v the_o sentence_n or_o award_n if_o the_o award_n be_v lawful_o make_v award_v five_o point_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o award_v to_o which_o end_n arbitrator_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o five_o point_n follow_v which_o by_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a all_o award_v 1_o that_o the_o award_n be_v give_v up_o in_o write_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n make_v between_o the_o party_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v limit_v or_o appoint_v by_o the_o award_n some_o reciprocal_a act_n to_o be_v do_v by_o each_o party_n to_o other_o which_o the_o law_n require_v to_o be_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quâ—_n albeit_o never_o so_o small_a 3_o that_o they_o make_v a_o final_a end_n and_o do_v determine_v upon_o all_o the_o point_n or_o difference_n produce_v before_o they_o by_o specification_n or_o otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v require_v so_o to_o do_v and_o authorize_v thereunto_o 4_o that_o they_o do_v not_o award_v any_o of_o the_o party_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v any_o unlawful_a act_n or_o thing_n prohibit_v and_o
against_o the_o law_n 5_o that_o they_o do_v not_o award_v any_o thing_n whereby_o any_o matter_n already_o determine_v by_o decree_n in_o chancery_n or_o judgement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o any_o sentence_n judicial_o give_v in_o the_o cause_n be_v infringe_v or_o meddle_v withal_o these_o point_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o reason_n follow_v for_o touch_v the_o first_o if_o the_o award_n be_v not_o deliver_v up_o in_o write_v under_o the_o arbitrator_n hand_n and_o seal_n if_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o bond_n do_v so_o limit_v the_o same_o then_o have_v they_o no_o authority_n to_o do_v the_o same_o after_o the_o time_n which_o be_v limit_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n for_o the_o second_o point_n reason_n require_v in_o all_o humane_a action_n a_o reciprocal_a act_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o by_o deed_n of_o performance_n call_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la quo_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la although_o it_o be_v a_o man_n sallarie_n for_o his_o pain_n which_o in_o some_o case_n cause_v man_n to_o award_v that_o each_o party_n shall_v pay_v so_o much_o to_o the_o scrivener_n or_o notary_n for_o write_v the_o say_a award_n but_o this_o be_v no_o collateral_a act_n between_o the_o party_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o matter_n compromit_v to_o the_o arbitrator_n it_o be_v therefore_o better_a to_o express_v and_o award_n that_o each_o party_n shall_v seal_v and_o deliver_v either_o general_a acquittance_n each_o to_o other_o or_o with_o some_o exception_n therein_o as_o the_o award_n will_v lead_v they_o the_o three_o point_n be_v considerable_a where_o the_o difference_n be_v by_o both_o party_n or_o either_o of_o they_o deliver_v in_o article_n in_o write_v to_o the_o arbitrator_n for_o herein_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o the_o say_a arbitrator_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o determine_v all_o question_n difference_n doubt_n controversy_n matter_n of_o account_n reckon_n or_o any_o other_o usual_a or_o general_a word_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n until_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bond_n but_o they_o must_v give_v their_o award_n upon_o every_o particular_a article_n and_o upon_o all_o of_o they_o the_o four_o point_n that_o the_o arbitrator_n do_v not_o award_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v unlawful_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v evil_a in_o themselves_o call_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o of_o thing_n call_v evil_a because_o they_o be_v upon_o some_o respect_n and_o consideration_n prohibit_v and_o therefore_o term_v malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la as_o the_o wear_n of_o hat_n at_o all_o time_n transportation_n of_o corn_n eat_v of_o flesh_n in_o lent_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o there_o be_v a_o further_a consideration_n which_o require_v a_o distinction_n as_o for_o example_n a_o arbitrator_n or_o many_o arbitrator_n do_v award_n law_n a_o notable_a good_a distinction_n in_o law_n that_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v pay_v unto_o such_o a_o man_n during_o all_o the_o time_n he_o be_v unmarried_a be_v good_a in_o law_n but_o to_o bind_v the_o party_n by_o award_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v because_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o money_n still_o be_v unlawful_a and_o void_a by_o the_o law_n the_o five_o point_n be_v of_o very_o great_a consequence_n to_o bind_v the_o action_n of_o man_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n whereunto_o such_o reverence_n be_v due_a that_o decree_n judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o judicial_a court_n of_o record_n be_v always_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n than_o arbitrator_n award_v nevertheless_o in_o many_o doubtful_a question_n the_o civilians_n themselves_o after_o long_o and_o curious_a debate_n do_v assign_v they_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o arbitrator_n have_v skill_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n which_o always_o do_v intend_v expedition_n and_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n wherefore_o a_o umpire_n choose_v upon_o arbitrable_a matter_n authority_n a_o umpire_n have_v absolute_a authority_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n to_o himself_o give_v to_o end_v the_o matter_n alone_o without_o hear_v the_o arbitrator_n if_o he_o will_v for_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o without_o some_o danger_n and_o that_o the_o end_n of_o arbitrator_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v yet_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n of_o justice_n in_o merchant_n affair_n be_v so_o much_o regard_v that_o by_o all_o mean_v the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v further_v hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o merchant_n court_n govern_v by_o prior_n and_o consul_n whereof_o we_o entreat_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n have_v authority_n to_o reform_v or_o confirm_v the_o sentence_n of_o arbitrator_n consul_n arbitrator_n award_v subject_a to_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n when_o merchant_n will_v appeal_v their_o arbitrement_n before_o they_o rather_o than_o to_o go_v to_o law_n and_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o say_a arbitrator_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n before_o the_o arbitrement_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o party_n that_o do_v appeal_v conditional_o that_o restitution_n shall_v be_v make_v if_o there_o be_v cause_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o process_n and_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v to_o note_v that_o no_o merchant_n nor_o other_o be_v of_o their_o jurisdiction_n can_v transport_v or_o make_v over_o their_o interest_n to_o any_o person_n privilege_v and_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o say_a jurisdiction_n be_v it_o by_o gift_n sale_n or_o exchange_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n to_o the_o end_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v their_o authority_n upon_o pain_n that_o the_o same_o transport_n or_o possessing_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o right_n and_o cause_n and_o all_o notary_n who_o shall_v receive_v any_o such_o transport_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n in_o a_o penalty_n arbitrable_a and_o further_o shall_v be_v condemn_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o adverse_a party_n all_o his_o cost_n and_o charge_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v by_o mean_n thereof_o merchant_n reference_n of_o cause_n to_o merchant_n and_o to_o the_o end_n this_o expedition_n may_v by_o all_o mean_n be_v further_v the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n may_v distribute_v and_o refer_v cause_n unto_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o expert_a merchant_n in_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n to_o make_v a_o true_a report_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o allegation_n and_o proof_n of_o the_o party_n without_o any_o sallarie_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o say_a merchant_n howbeit_o in_o italy_n some_o reward_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o ricorse_n of_o merchant_n these_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n council_n and_o attorney_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n in_o matter_n difficult_a the_o better_a to_o discern_v the_o right_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o make_v their_o report_n more_o complete_a for_o the_o soon_o end_v of_o it_o according_a to_o reason_n and_o right_n by_o the_o true_a affirmation_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o not_o by_o feign_a subtle_a and_o crafty_a writing_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v darken_v the_o truth_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o fair_a phrase_n declare_v in_o they_o cause_v protraction_n and_o delay_n arbitrator_n difference_n between_o ludge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o arbitrator_n marcus_n tullius_n cicero_n have_v true_o set_v down_o the_o difference_n which_o be_v between_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o arbitrator_n incline_v to_o the_o most_o easy_a and_o less_o chargeable_a course_n say_v the_o one_o be_v servile_a the_o other_o be_v noble_a the_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o other_o be_v not_o the_o one_o do_v consist_v in_o fact_n the_o other_o in_o justice_n the_o one_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o magistrate_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o law_n the_o one_o be_v write_v in_o the_o law_n the_o other_o be_v without_o the_o law_n the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o power_n and_o the_o other_o be_v without_o the_o power_n of_o magistrate_n howbeit_o it_o be_v not_o forbid_v but_o all_o justice_n of_o peace_n may_v compound_v difference_n and_o their_o authority_n do_v enable_v they_o better_o thereunto_o and_o in_o this_o regard_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o umpire_n do_v represent_v the_o lord_n chancellor_n authority_n because_o that_o the_o commissioner_n report_n of_o the_o master_n and_o other_o of_o the_o chancery_n or_o of_o merchant_n be_v the_o ground_n work_v whereupon_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v deliver_v his_o sentence_n and_o make_v up_o his_o decree_n and_o the_o say_a commissioner_n have_v a_o further_a authority_n and_o power_n than_o arbitrator_n arbitrator_n difference_n between_o commissioner_n and_o arbitrator_n for_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n upon_o oath_n upon_o