large_a tomes_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la publ_n anseaticis_fw-la give_v no_o positive_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o confederacy_n but_o seem_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n surname_v the_o lion_n henry_n suderman_n who_o be_v sometime_o counsellor_n to_o the_o hans-town_n fetch_v its_o institution_n far_o further_o than_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n or_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o which_o be_v the_o time_n usual_o pitch_v upon_o by_o other_o historian_n with_o how_o little_a probability_n these_o opinion_n be_v back_v be_v easy_a to_o observe_v though_o perhaps_o after_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o guess_v right_n ourselves_o for_o lubeck_n have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n their_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v keep_v there_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o enter_v into_o that_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o lubeck_n be_v only_o build_v towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o this_o town_n and_o hamburg_n will_v enter_v into_o any_o such_o league_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o then_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o denmark_n which_o they_o do_v not_o shake_v off_o before_o the_o year_n 1226._o beside_o if_o lubeck_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o succour_n send_v she_o when_o she_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o waldemar_n and_o his_o two_o son_n eric_n abel_n and_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v end_v about_o the_o year_n 1259_o and_o yet_o no_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n mention_n any_o such_o thing_n we_o may_v therefore_o probable_o enough_o conclude_v that_o the_o say_v city_n enter_v not_o into_o any_o confederacy_n till_o after_o the_o sixti_v year_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n at_o which_o time_n peace_n be_v first_o conclude_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o trade_n begin_v to_o be_v improve_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n what_o angelius_n report_v of_o his_o have_v see_v some_o charter_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o unite_a hans-town_n which_o be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n 1194_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v credit_v as_o the_o story_n which_o other_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n relate_v of_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v of_o large_a privilege_n to_o the_o same_o city_n in_o the_o 1206_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n before_o the_o year_n 1216_o and_o be_v then_o only_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n polydor_z virgil_n to_o who_o we_o know_v what_o credit_n to_o give_v in_o those_o particular_n especial_o wherein_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n witness_v indeed_o for_o these_o man_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v grant_v some_o such_o kind_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o hans-town_n as_o they_o mention_v but_o the_o same_o author_n will_v tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n reign_v till_o the_o year_n 1273._o and_o angelius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o ransack_v old_a norwegian_a paper_n for_o testimony_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o society_n can_v produce_v nothing_o of_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o he_o phrase_n it_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 1278._o afterward_o when_o he_o come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a compendium_n of_o their_o law_n which_o he_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o domannus_n the_o old_a among_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v date_n beyond_o the_o year_n 1312._o so_o that_o possible_o this_o company_n be_v no_o proper_a body_n politic_a before_o that_o time_n but_o the_o german_a historian_n differ_v as_o much_o in_o assign_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n hans_n â—â—ne_n â—â—ne_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o confederate_a city_n shall_v call_v themselves_o by_o that_o name_n as_o they_o do_v in_o pitch_v upon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o their_o confederacy_n we_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a catalogue_n of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v any_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n first_o then_o some_o derive_v the_o word_n hanse_fw-mi or_o anse_v for_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o meet_v with_o urbes_fw-la anseaticae_n and_o ansaticae_n as_o well_o as_o hansaticae_n from_o the_o dutch_a be_fw-mi zee_fw-mi or_o be_fw-mi see_v signify_v near_o unto_o or_o upon_o the_o seashore_n because_o say_v they_o the_o hans-town_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o company_n of_o city_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o seashore_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n mere_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n by_o navigation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n of_o their_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n and_o not_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o some_o city_n upon_o the_o rhine_n propose_v to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o like_a confederacy_n they_o prove_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o chytraeus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o be_v author_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o authority_n 2._o other_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o hansa_n which_o in_o the_o old_a high_a dutch_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a council_n thence_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mat._n xxvi_o 4._o which_o our_o english_a interpreter_n have_v render_v they_o consult_v be_v in_o some_o ancient_a dutch_a version_n translate_v sie_n haben_fw-ge ein_fw-ge hansa_n gemacht_fw-ge 3._o wehner_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o old_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o these_o city_n instead_o of_o hanse-stadte_a as_o the_o german_n nowadays_o usual_o write_v the_o word_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o hayn-stadte_a which_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a dialect_n a_o city_n situate_a in_o a_o wood_n such_o as_o be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o saxony_n and_o not_o as_o some_o explain_v it_o a_o town_n in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n or_o plain_a field_n 4._o the_o four_o opinion_n and_o last_v that_o look_v like_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n be_v that_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hans-town_n from_o that_o preeminence_n and_o precedency_n which_o they_o just_o challenge_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_a city_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o great_a lord_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v sometime_o style_v gross_a hansen_n gewaltige_n hansen_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o several_a old_a german_a proper_a name_n fetch_v their_o original_n as_o anselmus_fw-la hanshelm_n a_o man_n famous_a for_o his_o helmet_n ansbrechtus_n hanswert_v one_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v make_v a_o lord_n ansfridus_n hansfried_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o hans_n use_v at_o this_o day_n all_o germany_n over_o be_v not_o as_o many_o think_v a_o contraction_n of_o johannes_n but_o a_o part_n of_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a but_o at_o present_a hans_n be_v not_o so_o honourable_a a_o title_n as_o former_o for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o impertinent_a meddle_v fellow_n such_o as_o the_o old_a latin_n will_v have_v name_v ardelio_n and_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hans_n in_o allen_a gassen_a and_o hans_n unmuht_v hans_fw-ge filtzmaul_fw-mi hans_n sparmund_v praal_n hans_n baver-hans_n and_o the_o like_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o nickname_n of_o the_o high_a ignominy_n and_o disgrace_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a a_o critical_a etymologist_n while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o word_n hans_n among_o other_o of_o its_o signification_n do_v not_o denote_v something_o relate_v to_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n since_o to_o this_o day_n he_o that_o determine_v as_o judge_n all_o controversy_n among_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n of_o ratisbon_n be_v call_v hans-graff_n the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o circle_n number_n number_n distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a city_n among_o they_o viz._n lubeck_n colln_v brunswic_n and_o dantzig_n to_o the_o circle_n of_o lubeck_n belong_v the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n rostock_n wismar_n stralsund_n lunenburg_n stetin_n anclam_n golnau_n gripswald_n colberg_n stargard_n stolpe_n etc._n etc._n to_o that_o of_o colln_v wesel_n duissburg_n emmerick_n warburg_n vnna_n hammen_n munster_n minden_n osnabrug_n dortmund_n sost_n herford_n paderborn_n limgow_n billefeld_n warberg_n lippstadt_n cossfeld_n nimwegen_n sutphen_n rurnmund_n arnheim_n venloh_n elburg_n harderwic_n thiela_n bommel_n deventer_n campen_n swol_n groningen_n bolsswerder_n gorcum_n hinlopen_fw-la staveren_fw-mi embden_n briel_n wieringen_n middelburg_n and_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n to_o
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o
their_o lodging_n be_v open_a to_o all_o comer_n who_o be_v welcome_a to_o such_o entertainment_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v tacitus_n and_o other_o give_v the_o same_o account_n of_o they_o nor_o have_v the_o german_a nobleman_n to_o this_o day_n degenerate_v from_o the_o good_a nature_n and_o hospitality_n of_o their_o forefather_n the_o relation_n which_o a_o modern_a italian_a writer_n give_v of_o sweden_n be_v as_o applicable_a to_o germany_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr strade_fw-mi non_fw-la sono_fw-la assassini_fw-la si_fw-la che_fw-it si_fw-mi va_fw-fr molto_fw-mi sicurament_fw-mi pochissimo_fw-la si_fw-la spendi_fw-la da_fw-la viandanti_fw-la non_fw-la usando_fw-la di_fw-it dimandar_n cosa_fw-mi alcuna_fw-la per_fw-la conto_fw-la dell_fw-it '_o albergo_v o_fw-it del_fw-it cibo_fw-la i._n e._n there_o be_v here_o no_o murder_n nor_o robbery_n commit_v on_o the_o highway_n but_o you_o may_v travel_v with_o all_o imaginable_a security_n beside_o you_o travel_v cheap_a in_o this_o country_n because_o you_o pay_v nothing_o or_o very_o little_a for_o your_o victual_n and_o lodging_n the_o only_a inconvenience_n you_o meet_v with_o on_o the_o road_n be_v the_o be_v condemn_v to_o ride_v night_n and_o day_n in_o a_o post-waggon_n so_o they_o call_v it_o which_o will_v carry_v you_o little_o fast_o than_o a_o footpace_n if_o you_o chance_v to_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o rest_v two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o winter-night_n the_o best_a bed_v you_o be_v to_o expect_v be_v clean_a straw_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o meet_v together_o man_n and_o woman_n noble_n and_o peasant_n promiscuous_o tumble_v that_o the_o german_n be_v ancient_o man_n of_o courage_n â—alour_n â—alour_n and_o take_v that_o name_n from_o their_o prowess_n we_o have_v already_o show_v willichius_n give_v this_o high_a character_n of_o the_o present_a german_n vincuntur_fw-la quidem_fw-la germani_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la a_o germanis_fw-la i._n e._n it_o be_v indeed_o possible_a the_o german_n may_v be_v conquer_v but_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o german_n we_o have_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o this_o in_o their_o late_a war_n wherein_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n vanquish_v the_o emperor_n with_o his_o own_o subject_n that_o great_a prince_n army_n have_v be_v quick_o overthrow_v and_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o imperialist_n have_v not_o the_o saxon_n and_o brandenburger_n help_v he_o out_o the_o only_a instance_n of_o want_n of_o courage_n in_o a_o german_a army_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v that_o which_o we_o find_v record_v of_o the_o count_n of_o mansfield_n army_n consist_v of_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n who_o suffer_v a_o small_a body_n of_o ten_o thousand_o turk_n to_o pass_v by_o their_o trench_n without_o disturbance_n and_o to_o relieve_v grand_fw-mi a_o great_a town_n in_o hungary_n before_o their_o face_n but_o we_o be_v not_o to_o argue_v from_o this_o one_o passage_n that_o the_o high_a dutch_a soldier_n want_v valour_n we_o may_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v of_o the_o contrary_a when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o imperial_a crown_n never_o yet_o fall_v from_o their_o head_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o vigorous_a assault_n make_v by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n donatus_n gianottus_n a_o late_a italian_a historian_n confess_v that_o non_fw-la e_fw-la dubio_fw-la che_fw-it se_fw-mi le_fw-fr forze_n dell_fw-it '_o alemagna_fw-la fusseno_fw-la unite_v habberebbe_fw-it l'_fw-it italia_n a_o temer_n di_fw-mi loro_fw-mi molto_fw-mi piu_fw-mi che_fw-it di_fw-it quelle_fw-fr del_fw-it turco_n i._n e._n it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n will_v amicable_o compose_v difference_n among_o themselves_o and_o unite_v their_o force_n italy_n will_v have_v reason_n to_o fear_v they_o much_o more_o than_o the_o turk_n and_o any_o man_n will_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v he_o that_o shall_v consider_v what_o vast_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n most_o of_o their_o elector_n and_o some_o of_o their_o less_o potent_a prince_n can_v raise_v upon_o occasion_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o beside_o the_o german_a soldier_n be_v general_o tough_a hardy_a fellow_n who_o can_v scarce_o meet_v with_o harsh_a entertainment_n and_o worse_a lodging_n in_o any_o foreign_a camp_n than_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o to_o at_o home_n it_o be_v a_o know_a adage_n germani_n duros_fw-la possunt_fw-la sufferre_fw-la labores_fw-la they_o be_v a_o people_n use_v to_o hardship_n and_o therefore_o can_v easy_o undergo_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o war_n the_o croat_n and_o swisser_n the_o former_a for_o horseman_n and_o the_o late_a for_o foot_n be_v famous_a all_o europe_n over_o the_o only_a blot_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n of_o a_o german_a soldier_n be_v that_o he_o be_v too_o mercenary_a we_o have_v a_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o this_o in_o the_o army_n command_v by_o frideric_n elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o prague_n where_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o brave_a general_n be_v army_n throw_v down_o their_o weapon_n cry_v out_o geld_v geld_v i._n e._n money_n money_n intimate_v that_o without_o better_a pay_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o fight_v no_o long_o and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v find_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o in_o his_o late_a victory_n many_o of_o which_o even_o in_o germany_n be_v obtain_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o german_a force_n which_o desert_v their_o country_n and_o fight_v under_o his_o banner_n in_o hope_n of_o better_a pay_n than_o they_o can_v expect_v from_o the_o confederate_n the_o high_a dutch_a commander_n have_v be_v brand_v with_o ignorance_n of_o martial_a discipline_n discipline_n martial_a discipline_n and_o want_v of_o conduct_n but_o the_o many_o famous_a general_n which_o their_o country_n have_v breed_v up_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o little_a more_o than_o this_o last_o century_n have_v take_v off_o that_o scandal_n such_o be_v 1._o frideric_n the_o second_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o brave_o defend_v vienna_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o first_o introduce_v the_o reform_a religion_n into_o the_o palatinate_n 2._o albert_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o in_o some_o of_o the_o dutch_a history_n be_v style_v the_o achilles_n of_o germany_n 3._o albert_n wallenstein_n duke_n of_o frideland_n who_o equal_v gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o valour_n and_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o want_v nothing_o but_o success_n to_o make_v he_o as_o renown_v a_o general_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n of_o which_o excellent_a prince_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o give_v a_o character_n hereafter_o with_o many_o other_o the_o great_a recreation_n among_o the_o nobility_n recreation_n recreation_n in_o summer_n be_v hunt_v the_o deer_n and_o wild_a boar_n with_o both_o which_o kind_n of_o venison_n the_o wood_n and_o forest_n in_o germany_n abound_v it_o be_v the_o fashion_n in_o many_o of_o the_o prince_n court_n to_o hang_v up_o the_o picture_n of_o such_o huge_a boar_n as_o have_v be_v take_v by_o they_o which_o be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o custom_n practise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n of_o hang_v up_o the_o skin_n of_o fox_n and_o badger_n and_o antler_n of_o stag_n in_o their_o hall_n in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o snow_n lie_v thick_a on_o the_o ground_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n in_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o ride_v round_o the_o street_n in_o sledge_n which_o be_v shape_v much_o like_o the_o sella_n curulis_fw-la or_o triumphal_a chariot_n among_o the_o roman_n if_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o latin_a antiquity_n have_v describe_v it_o right_n and_o draw_v by_o a_o horse_n rich_o trap_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a bell_n and_o feather_n of_o divers_a colour_n tacitus_n report_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n game_n game_n that_o they_o be_v immoderate_a player_n at_o die_n insomuch_o that_o they_o will_v game_n away_o their_o money_n clothes_n estate_n and_o last_o of_o all_o their_o liberty_n the_o loser_n be_v bind_v to_o resign_v himself_o up_o into_o perpetual_a slavery_n to_o the_o conqueror_n this_o unreasonable_a kind_n of_o game_n be_v long_o since_o lay_v aside_o but_o they_o still_o retain_v among_o they_o a_o great_a respect_n for_o the_o play_n at_o chess_n at_o which_o they_o be_v general_o expert_a gamester_n this_o game_n in_o their_o tongue_n be_v call_v schachspiel_n which_o signify_v exact_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o latin_a latrunculorum_fw-la ludus_fw-la for_o in_o the_o old_a german_a law_n collect_v by_o lindenbrogius_fw-la and_o other_o schacher_n or_o schachman_n signify_v a_o robber_n and_o schach_n latrocinium_fw-la theft_n the_o learned_a prince_n augustus_n late_a duke_n of_o brunswic-wulfenbuttel_a who_o publish_v a_o accurate_a explication_n of_o trithemius_n cryptography_n under_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o gustavus_n selenus_n write_v a_o incomparable_a treatise_n concern_v chess-play_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n wherein_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a
account_n of_o the_o original_n progress_n and_o law_n of_o that_o royal_a game_n their_o woman_n be_v of_o a_o tolerable_a complexion_n woman_n woman_n but_o common_o more_o corpulent_a then_o in_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_a nation_n except_v the_o netherlander_n who_o glory_n in_o their_o fat_n they_o be_v much_o more_o obsequious_a to_o their_o husband_n and_o have_v far_o less_o of_o the_o house_n at_o command_n then_o the_o english_a or_o french_a lady_n neither_o do_v they_o ever_o as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n with_o we_o sit_v at_o the_o high_a end_n of_o the_o table_n which_o make_v caracalla_n speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v that_o no_o nation_n know_v how_o to_o govern_v their_o wife_n but_o they_o that_o make_v the_o sun_n of_o the_o feminine_a gender_n and_o the_o moon_n of_o the_o masculine_a for_o the_o german_n say_v der_fw-mi mond_n and_o die_v sonn_v where_o der_fw-mi be_v the_o masculine_a article_n and_o die_v the_o feminine_a our_o english_a saxon_n bring_v over_o the_o same_o rule_n into_o britain_n and_o for_o a_o while_o observe_v it_o whence_o in_o a_o anglo-saxonic_a manuscript_n entitle_v de_n aequinoctio_fw-la vernali_fw-la in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n we_o find_v under_o ðh_n be_o ci&cule_n ci&cule_n ci&cule_n yrnðh_o seo_fw-la sun_n &_o sc_fw-la mona_fw-la &_o ðh_n a_o tƿelf_n tacna_fw-la i._n e._n under_o this_o circle_n speak_v of_o the_o zodiac_n move_v the_o sun_n moon_n and_o twelve_o sign_n and_o again_o hegelympðh_o geaegðh_o er_fw-mi ge_fw-mi to_o þaere_n &_o unnan_n ge_o to_o þam_fw-la monam_fw-la i._n e._n it_o be_v ordinary_a both_o for_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n where_o as_o have_v be_v note_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n martial_n in_o his_o learned_a observation_n upon_o his_o own_o edition_n of_o the_o saxon_a gospel_n see_v and_o þam_n be_v masculine_n but_o seo_n and_o þaere_n be_v feminine_n the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabic_a by_o our_o famous_a dr._n pocock_n but_o to_o return_v it_o be_v a_o insolent_a rudeness_n among_o the_o high_a dutch_a to_o salute_v any_o woman_n with_o a_o kiss_n except_o she_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o england_n france_n or_o some_o other_o foreign_a nation_n where_o that_o fashion_n be_v observe_v the_o only_a formal_a greeting_n they_o have_v be_v by_o a_o mutual_a touch_n of_o the_o hand_n their_o marriage_n and_o burial_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wonderful_o expensive_a burial_n marriage_n and_o burial_n and_o in_o some_o place_n so_o extravagant_o costly_a that_o a_o ordinary_a man_n will_v scarce_o recover_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o father_n funeral_n or_o his_o own_o marriage_n in_o seven_o year_n after_o they_o always_o keep_v a_o marriage-feast_n or_o hochzeit_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n some_o of_o these_o entertainment_n last_o a_o month_n all_o which_o time_n the_o new_a marry_a couple_n keep_v open_a house_n for_o all_o comer_n they_o send_v the_o bellman_n or_o common_a cryer_n round_o the_o parish_n to_o invite_v in_o all_o their_o neighbour_n who_o send_v in_o wine_n or_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o entertainment_n before_o they_o they_o use_v no_o chimney_n lodging_n lodging_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o dress_v their_o meat_n in_o the_o kitchen_n but_o live_v in_o stove_n which_o be_v heat_v to_o what_o degree_n they_o please_v by_o a_o oven_n in_o the_o corner_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o room_n they_o lie_v common_o betwixt_o two_o featherbed_n when_o they_o be_v at_o home_n though_o straw_n be_v the_o best_a bed_v you_o meet_v with_o on_o the_o road._n of_o the_o german_a tongue_n most_o foreigner_n that_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o german_a tongue_n be_v strange_o prejudice_v against_o the_o learning_n of_o it_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o ungentile_a barbarous_a and_o rough_a language_n all_o which_o aspersion_n have_v be_v first_o cast_v upon_o it_o by_o such_o as_o be_v too_o lazy_a to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o study_v it_o or_o else_o too_o dull_a after_o all_o their_o labour_n to_o apprehend_v it_o the_o french_a use_n to_o say_v qu'il_fw-fr faille_fw-fr parler_fw-fr par_fw-fr la_fw-fr langue_fw-fr francoise_n seulement_fw-fr aux_fw-fr grands_fw-fr signior_n mais_fw-fr par_fw-fr la_fw-fr langue_fw-fr alemande_n aux_fw-fr mechanicque_n et_fw-fr aux_fw-fr rustiques_n i._n e._n that_o a_o man_n shall_v speak_v french_a only_o to_o nobleman_n and_o great_a person_n but_o confer_v with_o tradesman_n and_o peasant_n in_o high_a dutch._n when_o john_n lang_n ambassador_n from_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o reside_v in_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n a_o extraordinary_a intimacy_n happen_v to_o be_v contract_v betwixt_o he_o and_o peter_n roysy_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n minister_n who_o hear_v his_o own_o servant_n mutter_v over_o some_o break_a piece_n of_o dutch_a which_o some_o of_o lang_n retinue_n have_v teach_v they_o tell_v lang_n the_o german_n do_v not_o speak_v but_o thunder_n and_o he_o fancy_v it_o be_v in_o this_o language_n that_o god_n forbid_v our_o first_o parent_n paradise_n to_o which_o lang_n be_v say_v to_o have_v reply_v but_o the_o serpent_n have_v before_o that_o tempt_a eve_n in_o spanish_a it_o must_v be_v confess_v pronunciation_n pronunciation_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a and_o that_o of_o other_o language_n derive_v from_o the_o latin_n this_o make_v pomponius_n mela_n say_v long_o since_o that_o the_o german_a proper_a name_n be_v not_o fit_v to_o a_o roman_a mouth_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o the_o latin_a historian_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o germany_n we_o meet_v with_o such_o strange_a unintelligible_a monster_n of_o word_n when_o they_o endeavour_v to_o put_v a_o latin_a termination_n to_o a_o dutch_a word_n learn_v only_o by_o the_o ear_n a_o great_a number_n of_o consonant_n meet_v together_o in_o one_o word_n be_v enough_o to_o choke_v a_o italian_a or_o frenchman_n insomuch_o that_o some_o of_o both_o those_o nation_n after_o they_o have_v spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n in_o germany_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o speak_v one_o intelligible_a sentence_n in_o high_a dutch._n the_o german_n tell_v a_o story_n of_o a_o frenchman_n who_o have_v spend_v four_o and_o twenty_o year_n in_o the_o service_n of_o one_o of_o their_o noble_n who_o one_o day_n hear_v he_o sputter_n his_o break_a language_n ask_v he_o if_o he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a after_o so_o long_a time_n spend_v in_o germany_n to_o speak_v dutch_a no_o better_o to_o which_o monsieur_n reply_v i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o very_a unreasonable_a thing_n to_o expect_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v in_o so_o small_a a_o time_n as_o twentyfour_o year_n understand_v so_o crabbed_a a_o tongue_n there_o be_v thousand_o of_o word_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a which_o can_v never_o possible_o be_v pronounce_v by_o a_o man_n who_o tongue_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o a_o soft_a and_o easy_a language_n how_o will_v a_o italian_a spaniard_n or_o frenchman_n mangle_v and_o spoil_v these_o and_o the_o like_a compound_n word_n herbstfruchte_v marcktfreyheit_n pfrundpflicht_n sturmstreich_n slupfloch_n dachsjacht_n kornschacherer_n etc._n etc._n which_o nevertheless_o a_o dutch_a boy_n of_o four_o or_o five_o year_n old_a will_v run_v over_o without_o stammer_n pronunciation_n do_v exceed_o vary_v in_o different_a climate_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cold_a country_n have_v general_o a_o much_o harsh_a tone_n than_o those_o who_o be_v breed_v up_o in_o a_o warm_a air_n but_o however_o the_o german_a tongue_n be_v far_o from_o any_o grate_a harshness_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o manly_a language_n which_o as_o one_o have_v well_o observe_v of_o it_o better_o become_v a_o general_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n than_o a_o gallant_a court_v his_o mistress_n the_o excellency_n of_o a_o tongue_n can_v be_v better_a discern_v then_o by_o resolve_v it_o into_o its_o first_o principle_n and_o take_v a_o strict_a survey_n of_o it_o in_o its_o letter_n monosyllable_n compound_n derivative_n and_o syntax_n though_o tacitus_n be_v positive_a in_o assert_v letter_n letter_n that_o neither_o man_n nor_o woman_n understand_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n yet_o we_o be_v since_o sufficient_o convince_v of_o the_o contrary_n the_o inscription_n of_o those_o many_o runic_a monument_n some_o of_o which_o be_v erect_v many_o year_n before_o tacitus_n day_n which_o have_v be_v of_o late_o discover_v in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n will_v evident_o demonstrate_v that_o some_o part_n at_o least_o of_o this_o large_a nation_n know_v how_o to_o express_v their_o mind_n in_o character_n the_o word_n letter_n be_v of_o extreme_o ancient_a use_n in_o the_o northern_a language_n since_o we_o find_v it_o in_o several_a of_o the_o old_a inscription_n collect_v by_o wormius_n but_o whence_o it_o shall_v fetch_v its_o original_n be_v not_o