of_o common_a law_n by_o witness_n which_o say_v he_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o in_o those_o part_n there_o be_v no_o neighbour_n by_o who_o oath_n jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n may_v be_v make_v as_o in_o contract_n and_o other_o case_n arise_v within_o the_o realm_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v to_o avoid_v the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n or_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n sir_n ed._n cook_n affirm_v that_o bargain_n and_o contract_n so_o make_v wherein_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o confine_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o as_o to_o this_o point_n he_o intend_v for_o authority_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o richard_n 2._o which_o set_v forth_o the_o jurisdiction_n both_o of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n court_n as_o also_o of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n that_o concern_v the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n be_v as_o far_o from_o the_o purpose_n as_o it_o be_v from_o sir_n edward_n cook_n think_v to_o give_v any_o addition_n of_o power_n to_o that_o court_n the_o act_n declare_v that_o to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n it_o belong_v to_o have_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o deed_n of_o arm_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n whence_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o therefore_o out_o of_o the_o realm_n the_o admiral_n shall_v have_v no_o conusance_n of_o contract_n or_o matter_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v better_o argue_v from_o that_o act_n that_o as_o the_o parliament_n allow_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n of_o arm_n and_o war_n arise_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o realm_n which_o can_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o common_a law_n so_o it_o do_v intend_v cause_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n arise_v either_o within_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o admiral_n the_o nature_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o business_n more_o conduce_v to_o the_o point_n of_o jurisdiction_n than_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o happen_v the_o statute_n which_o allow_v the_o admiral_n to_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n leave_v do_v not_o confine_v his_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o â—ny_a place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v rather_o pretend_v to_o debarr_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n which_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v former_o show_v that_o the_o admiral_n may_v â—old_a plea_n of_o maritime_a cause_n arise_v â—rom_o contract_v make_v within_o the_o land_n 〈◊〉_d may_v be_v less_o needful_a to_o labour_v to_o prove_v â—hat_n it_o do_v not_o hinder_v he_o from_o take_v conusance_n of_o suit_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n arise_v from_o contract_n make_v and_o business_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o authority_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v to_o prove_v how_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o jurisdiction_n of_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n and_o fitz_n herbert_n and_o a_o number_n of_o prohibition_n that_o of_o the_o register_n be_v if_o good_n be_v take_v from_o a_o englishman_n in_o spain_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o party_n can_v obtain_v justice_n there_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o write_v of_o the_o sheriff_n to_o arrest_v the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o to_o seize_v their_o good_n to_o the_o value_n which_o prove_v say_v sir_n edwarâ—_n cook_n that_o the_o admiralty_n can_v hold_v plea_n thereof_o for_o that_o the_o party_n have_v remedy_n at_o the_o common_a law_n that_o argument_n be_v as_o good_a as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v there_o lie_v a_o write_v of_o withernam_fw-la at_o the_o common_a law_n therefore_o no_o letter_n oâ—_n reprisall_n can_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o admiralty_n it_o stand_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o iâ—_n a_o subject_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o good_n in_o anoâ—ther_a realm_n and_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n there_o that_o the_o party_n or_o the_o good_n belonâ—ging_v to_o he_o be_v find_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o common_a law_n they_o â—hould_v be_v make_v liable_a to_o satisfaction_n and_o why_o shall_v it_o be_v think_v unreasonable_a that_o upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n if_o the_o â—arty_n or_o his_o good_n be_v find_v within_o the_o â—urisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n the_o subâ—ect_n shall_v have_v remedy_n there_o but_o this_o authority_n concern_v not_o contract_n or_o bargain_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o how_o far_o this_o writ_n agree_v with_o â—he_n common_a law_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o regard_n mr._n selden_n write_v in_o triâ—unalibus_fw-la nostri_fw-la juris_fw-la municipalis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o â—ur_n court_v of_o common_a law_n the_o jurisdiction_n have_v be_v ever_o hold_v to_o be_v such_o â—â—at_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a law_n ancient_o practise_v a_o action_n can_v not_o be_v â—ought_v upon_o a_o business_n happen_v elsewhere_o than_o within_o the_o kingdom_n as_o for_o â—any_n age_n since_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v that_o â—â—e_v action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o â—â—e_v ground_n of_o it_o be_v arise_v from_o something_o do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o a_o counâ—â—_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n recite_v divers_a authority_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v maintain_v as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a law_n â—â—t_v this_o law_n he_o allow_v where_o the_o â—â—ings_n be_v total_o do_v out_o of_o the_o â—â—alm_n and_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o where_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o oâ—_n realm_n and_o the_o performance_n ought_v to_o bâ—_n in_o another_o for_o then_o say_v he_o as_o to_o thâ—_n present_a purpose_n of_o necessity_n the_o conuâ—sance_n must_v be_v where_o the_o contract_n waâ—_n make_v for_o otherwise_o there_o can_v be_v no_o triâ—al_n have_v at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o iâ—_n be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o because_o the_o contract_n be_v the_o ground_n anâ—_n foundation_n of_o the_o debt_n but_o now_o in_o casâ—_n a_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o partibus_fw-la exteris_fw-la &_o transmarinis_fw-la whereby_o payment_n or_o perâ—formance_n be_v to_o be_v make_v within_o thâ—_n realm_n notwithstanding_o the_o contract_n bâ—_n the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n yet_o the_o juâ—risdiction_n follow_v the_o place_n of_o payment_n and_o performance_n and_o no_o doubt_n for_o thâ—_n same_o reason_n because_o otherwise_o theâ—_n can_v be_v no_o pretence_n for_o a_o trial_n at_o thâ—_n common_a law_n so_o that_o the_o rule_n be_v fraâ—med_v to_o the_o building_n and_o not_o the_o build_n to_o the_o rule_n the_o last_o argument_n be_v that_o divers_a proâ—hibitions_n have_v be_v grant_v upon_o sutâ—_n bring_v in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o thinâ—_n do_v in_o partibus_fw-la exteris_fw-la &_o transmarinal_n and_o the_o first_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o 36._o hen._n 8._o but_o upon_o what_o contract_v buâ—â—â—nesses_n or_o occasion_n those_o suit_n weâ—_n ground_v and_o commence_v it_o be_v not_o specify_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n as_o the_o former_a first_o the_o three_o request_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o viz._n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o such_o ancient_a order_n make_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o and_o his_o council_n and_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n patent_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o allow_v of_o other_o king_n of_o this_o land_n ever_o since_o and_o by_o custom_n time_n our_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n may_v have_v cognition_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n arise_v as_o well_o beyond_o as_o upon_o the_o sea_n without_o â—et_a or_o prohibition_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o it_o â—s_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n and_o â—is_n colleague_n second_o all_o the_o judge_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n octavo_n caroli_n agree_v that_o if_o suit_n shall_v be_v commence_v â—n_o the_o court_n of_o admiraly_n for_o contract_n â—ade_v or_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o â—ea_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n be_v â—o_o be_v award_v concern_v the_o concession_n of_o the_o â—udges_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o the_o reâ—olutions_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n allege_v for_o â—â—e_z confirmation_n of_o the_o precedent_a aspersion_n it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o touch_v the_o former_a by_o they_o be_v intend_v certain_a answer_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n and_o other_o judge_n of_o that_o bench_n to_o the_o request_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o admiral_n 7._o object_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v
account_n against_o the_o other_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o seize_v of_o other_o good_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_v for_o the_o same_o 2._o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o one_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v shall_v by_o the_o law-merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n whereas_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o their_o be_fw-mi two_o joint_a tenant_n of_o other_o good_n the_o survivor_n perjus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la shall_v have_v all_o 3._o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o a_o deed_n in_o write_v the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n from_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n but_o when_o one_o john_n cumpton_n merchant_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la against_o another_o merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n and_o the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n it_o be_v not_o hereby_o intend_v that_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n can_v or_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n in_o merchant_n case_n but_o that_o other_o thing_n likewise_o consider_v it_o may_v be_v think_v reasonable_a if_o they_o so_o desire_v to_o allow_v they_o the_o choice_n of_o that_o court_n where_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v more_o respect_v than_o to_o confine_v they_o to_o other_o court_n where_o another_o law_n be_v more_o predominant_a beside_o there_o may_v be_v danger_n of_o doubt_n thereof_o because_o those_o thing_n be_v not_o approve_v for_o proof_n at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v hold_v sufficient_a in_o the_o admiralty_n among_o the_o merchant_n for_o as_o sir_n john_n davies_n further_o observe_v at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n write_v can_v be_v plead_v against_o he_o as_o his_o act_n and_o deed_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v but_o in_o suit_n between_o merchant_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v but_o ticquet_n without_o seal_n letter_n of_o advice_n and_o credence_n policy_n of_o assurance_n assignation_n of_o debt_n all_o which_o be_v of_o no_o force_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v of_o good_a credit_n and_o force_v by_o the_o law-merchant_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o malines_n observe_v that_o the_o bearer_n of_o such_o bill_n by_o the_o course_n among_o merchant_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o demand_v and_o recover_v the_o contract_n without_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v moreover_o considerable_a that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n look_v one_o way_n when_o the_o common_a law_n look_v another_o as_o for_o instance_n a_o ship_n be_v freight_v or_o hire_v for_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n at_o 20_o l._n per_fw-la month_n by_o charter-party_n it_o appear_v that_o have_v be_v eight_o month_n in_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o merchant_n who_o freight_v she_o before_o she_o make_v any_o port_n with_o her_o lade_n she_o perish_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o have_v be_v aver_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n ought_v to_o have_v freight_n for_o eight_o month_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v always_o be_v allow_v the_o merchant_n lose_v his_o good_n the_o owner_n lose_v his_o freight_n again_o if_o the_o owner_n lose_v his_o freight_n the_o mariner_n although_o he_o escape_v lose_v his_o wage_n for_o the_o time_n he_o serve_v which_o happy_o will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o if_o he_o sue_v at_o the_o guild-hall_n for_o the_o same_o three_o for_o encouragement_n and_o advantage_n of_o those_o who_o use_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v considerable_a that_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o diverse_a and_o several_a person_n undertake_v the_o same_o business_n as_o when_o many_o join_v in_o subscription_n to_o a_o policy_n of_o assurance_n but_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n every_o man_n must_v be_v sue_v several_o which_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o act_n concern_v assurance_n hold_v inconvenient_a and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n divers_a and_o several_a person_n may_v join_v in_o the_o same_o suit_n as_o mariner_n for_o wage_n at_o a_o small_a charge_n to_o themselves_o with_o little_a prejudice_n to_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n which_o be_v sue_v and_o obtain_v a_o decree_n or_o order_n all_o together_o whereas_o when_o they_o sue_v at_o the_o guild-hall_n every_o man_n sue_v several_o to_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o every_o particular_a and_o to_o the_o excessive_a damage_n of_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n if_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o they_o beside_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28._o of_o hen._n the_o 8._o cap._n 15._o take_v notice_n that_o if_o mariner_n or_o shipper_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o often_o voyage_n and_o passage_n must_v depart_v without_o long_a tarry_n and_o protract_v of_o time_n be_v enforce_v to_o attend_v the_o ordinary_a term_n of_o the_o common_a law_n four_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o conveniency_n and_o dispatch_n of_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n cause_n admit_v of_o proof_n which_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n do_v not_o allow_v for_o in_o that_o court_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o defendant_n answer_v upon_o oath_n which_o in_o the_o ordinary_a court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o afford_v again_o whereas_o in_o those_o court_v the_o evidence_n must_v be_v produce_v at_o the_o bar_n before_o the_o jury_n seaman_n and_o mariner_n which_o be_v many_o time_n necessary_a witness_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o express_v can_v be_v present_a without_o great_a prejudice_n to_o themselves_o and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n they_o may_v be_v produce_v at_o any_o time_n after_o the_o suit_n be_v begin_v and_o their_o examination_n be_v take_v in_o write_v they_o have_v liberty_n to_o follow_v their_o own_o and_o the_o common_a occasion_n moreover_o many_o time_n in_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n no_o proof_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o witness_n remain_v in_o foreign_a part_n to_o which_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o common_a law_n do_v not_o extend_v but_o those_o witness_n by_o commission_n out_o of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n be_v usual_o swear_v and_o examine_v by_o magistrate_n in_o those_o place_n and_o their_o examination_n so_o take_v be_v allow_v for_o sufficient_a proof_n upon_o return_n divers_a other_o instance_n may_v be_v give_v by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n can_v give_v redress_n in_o suit_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n with_o more_o conveniency_n than_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n but_o these_o consider_v and_o how_o much_o it_o concern_v the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o those_o who_o support_v navigation_n and_o trade_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o discover_v which_o court_n may_v be_v best_a justify_v in_o proceed_v in_o cause_n of_o that_o nature_n what_o inconvenience_n may_v follow_v both_o to_o the_o private_a and_o public_a by_o the_o interpose_v of_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o by_o obstruction_n make_v unto_o the_o admiralty_n in_o such_o business_n may_v appear_v in_o one_o particular_a that_o be_v concern_v charter-party_n and_o freight_n due_a for_o employment_n of_o ship_v there_o be_v but_o one_o instance_n give_v of_o a_o suit_n bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n viz._n the_o 28_o of_o elizabeth_n which_o be_v on_o the_o merchant_n part_n for_o breach_n of_o covenant_n viz._n for_o not_o stay_v in_o a_o port_n of_o discharge_n so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o which_o the_o owner_n be_v condemn_v in_o 500_o l._n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o loss_n or_o damage_n which_o the_o merchant_n have_v sustain_v and_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o many_o clause_n there_o be_v in_o charter-party_n and_o covenant_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v for_o which_o the_o owner_n be_v bind_v under_o a_o general_a penalty_n if_o upon_o every_o breach_n advantage_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o extremity_n no_o man_n will_v have_v great_a comfort_n in_o hire_v out_o ship_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o
law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o â—_z of_o merchant_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n which_o law_n merchant_n he_o say_v as_o it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v of_o that_o law_n 3._o non_fw-la erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la haec_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchant_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n he_o say_v further_a that_o until_o he_o understand_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n he_o do_v not_o a_o little_a marvel_n that_o england_n entertain_v traffic_n with_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o port_n and_o so_o much_o good_a ship_n the_o king_n of_o england_n also_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v so_o few_o case_n concern_v merchant_n or_o ship_n but_o now_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v apparent_a for_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v leave_v those_o case_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o another_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o law_n mariner_n to_o which_o happy_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o french_a agent_n mention_v ancient_a addition_n of_o the_o realm_n relate_v be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v contain_v and_o preserve_v in_o the_o ancient_a black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o certain_a royal_a ordinance_n make_v by_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o realm_n 2_o the_o judgement_n or_o resolution_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o 3_o certain_a verdict_n give_v upon_o a_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n touch_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n mr._n selden_n style_v it_o 28._o vetusti_fw-la tribunalis_fw-la maritimi_fw-la commentarii_fw-la and_o codex_fw-la manuscriptus_fw-la de_fw-la admiralatu_fw-la and_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o fortescue_n 32._o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o worthy_a of_o observation_n constitution_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o touch_v the_o judgement_n or_o law_n of_o oleron_n 254._o and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n mr._n selden_n where_o he_o from_o they_o argue_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o regard_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o do_v publish_v the_o sea_n law_n in_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n which_o be_v then_o in_o his_o possession_n say_v that_o they_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n likewise_o argue_v 234._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o from_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v there_o make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n be_v take_v in_o the_o year_n 1376._o in_o the_o 49._o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o by_o eighteen_o expert_a seaman_n before_o william_n nevil_n admiral_n of_o the_o north_n philip_n courtny_n admiral_n of_o the_o west_n and_o the_o lord_n latimer_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o relate_v as_o by_o the_o title_n appear_v to_o the_o usage_n of_o former_a time_n the_o verdict_n there_o give_v be_v desire_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n in_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o thames_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o owner_n master_n and_o mariner_n of_o ship_n under_o penalty_n 17._o etc._n etc._n and_o malines_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v they_o enroll_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 2_o that_o general_o where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n several_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 37._o gregorius_n tholosanus_n say_v judicum_fw-la diversorum_fw-la ratio_fw-la eo_fw-la dirigitur_fw-la ut_fw-la light_n facilius_fw-la expediantur_fw-la ne_fw-la immortales_fw-la sint_fw-la sub_fw-la judicibus_fw-la mole_n negotiorum_fw-la occupatis_fw-la &_o proinde_fw-la cum_fw-la commercia_fw-la hominum_fw-la sint_fw-la maximae_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la placuit_fw-la negotiatoribus_fw-la proponi_fw-la proprios_fw-la judices_fw-la and_o according_o first_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o special_a and_o proper_a judge_n appoint_v for_o those_o business_n so_o suidas_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o natodicae_fw-la be_v magistrate_n who_o do_v justice_n to_o seaman_n and_o other_o who_o trade_n by_o sea_n and_o the_o athenian_n have_v a_o express_a law_n to_o that_o purpose_n atticis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o action_n concern_v seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v commence_v before_o the_o judge_n call_v the_o smothetae_fw-la according_a to_o their_o instrument_n of_o contract_n and_o deal_n second_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o officer_n call_v praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la by_o tully_n and_o livy_n 14._o and_o javolenus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o seius_n saturninus_n archigubernius_fw-la classis_fw-la britannicae_n and_o tacitus_n of_o praetor_n classis_fw-la which_o name_n import_v a_o power_n of_o judicature_n in_o latter_a time_n they_o have_v also_o a_o magistrate_n who_o be_v call_v comes_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la commercijs_fw-la who_o office_n be_v to_o oversee_v matter_n of_o commerce_n or_o negotiation_n three_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v break_v into_o several_a state_n the_o lesser_a as_o republic_n have_v their_o consul_n and_o the_o great_a kingdom_n have_v their_o admiral_n to_o order_n and_o determine_v those_o business_n the_o office_n of_o the_o consul_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o consolato_fw-la del_fw-it mare_fw-la consoli_n determinano_n â—utti_v le_fw-fr controversy_n 20._o etc._n etc._n the_o consul_n determine_v all_o controversy_n which_o be_v for_o fraight_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o good_n on_o shipbord_n for_o part_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v set_v to_o sale_n at_o a_o outcry_n for_o commission_n give_v to_o master_n and_o mariner_n for_o debt_n contract_v by_o master_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o thing_n promise_v or_o undertake_v betwixt_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n for_o good_n take_v up_o at_o sea_n and_o general_o for_o all_o other_o contract_n and_o business_n which_o be_v declare_v among_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n 27._o four_o the_o venetian_a state_n be_v a_o seignory_n when_o any_o great_a war_n be_v expect_v or_o undertake_v have_v their_o general_n or_o supreme_a commander_n of_o the_o navy_n who_o be_v of_o as_o high_a a_o esteem_n as_o any_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o all_o officer_n and_o other_o of_o the_o navy_n at_o other_o time_n the_o legatus_fw-la classis_fw-la or_o vice-general_n have_v the_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o over_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o galley_n and_o other_o person_n of_o the_o navy_n 17._o they_o have_v beside_o four_o consul_n who_o judge_n and_o determine_v all_o matter_n concern_v negotiation_n and_o trade_n 26._o five_o admiral_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o beginning_n as_o most_o affirm_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o emperor_n and_o that_o in_o magna_fw-la graecia_n which_o be_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n where_o the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n be_v the_o three_o place_n to_o wit_n after_o the_o vice_n roy_fw-fr admire_v and_o constable_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o building_n repair_v and_o keep_v of_o the_o ship_n royal_a and_o set_v out_o of_o the_o fleet_n for_o war_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o have_v also_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a among_o commander_n officer_n and_o other_o employ_v about_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o who_o get_v their_o livelihood_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o art_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v such_o which_o transport_v in_o ship_n and_o adventure_v their_o estate_n by_o sea_n as_o also_o such_o that_o make_v it_o their_o trade_n to_o take_v fish_n or_o do_v build_v ship_n this_o court_n be_v call_v magna_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o from_o it_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n only_o to_o the_o supreme_a
three_o touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v what_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v out_o of_o plowdens_n commentary_n 330._o that_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o statute_n be_v the_o key_n to_o open_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o act_n and_o the_o mischief_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o remedy_n now_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o â—s_v suggest_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v encroacht_v divers_a jurisdiction_n and_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n &_o other_o lord_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v in_o his_o court_n with_o such_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n wherein_o he_o have_v encroacht_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o lord_n which_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v it_o do_v no_o way_n appear_v but_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v or_o reasonable_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v intend_v the_o admiral_n shall_v be_v debar_v from_o proceed_v in_o cause_n of_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n which_o never_o do_v belong_v to_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n and_o be_v former_o hold_v proper_a for_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o as_o thing_n be_v then_o state_v can_v not_o be_v hold_v encroachment_n so_o much_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v suppose_v because_o the_o statute_n restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n further_o add_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v due_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o noble_a prince_n king_n edward_n grandfather_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v king_n edward_n the_o three_o sir_n henry_n spâ—â—man_n write_v admiral_n that_o some_o man_n do_v conceive_v causarum_fw-la nauticarum_fw-la cognitionem_fw-la &_o forum_n rei_fw-la maritimae_fw-la quod_fw-la hodie_fw-la curiam_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la vocant_fw-la sub_fw-la edwardo_n tertio_fw-la illuxisse_fw-la and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o that_o king_n time_n who_o do_v many_o other_o glorious_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n receive_v some_o setlement_n and_o grow_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o it_o be_v before_o but_o the_o constitution_n observe_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 142._o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v manifest_a that_o the_o court_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n to_o show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n to_o have_v be_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o day_n he_o say_v that_o some_o have_v dream_v that_o it_o have_v begin_v recite_v the_o ancient_a record_n de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la 144._o before_o mention_v and_o likewise_o another_o quote_v also_o by_o mr._n seldâ—n_n 16._o wherein_o it_o be_v show_v that_o king_n edw._n the_o three_o in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v consult_v with_o all_o his_o judge_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la retineatur_fw-la &_o continuetur_fw-la ad_fw-la subditorum_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la forma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la quondam_a domini_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o subject_n begin_v and_o ordain_v by_o his_o grandfather_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o counsel_n for_o retain_v and_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v touch_v the_o correct_v interpret_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n late_o ordain_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o pass_v through_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o for_o punish_v of_o offence_n and_o for_o give_v of_o satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o be_v damnify_v which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v correct_v declare_v interpret_v and_o publish_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o be_v entitle_v le_fw-fr ley_n oleron_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o law_n be_v continue_v all_o that_o king_n time_n in_o regard_n that_o in_o the_o 49_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o select_a seaman_n for_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o touch_v some_o business_n propose_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o inquisition_n they_o know_v no_o better_o advise_v nor_o remedy_n than_o that_o which_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o practise_v after_o the_o manner_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n all_o which_o be_v admit_v and_o due_o consider_v it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o such_o cause_n as_o do_v original_o by_o civil_a law_n belong_v to_o the_o admiralty_n and_o what_o former_a king_n have_v ancient_o ordain_v for_o the_o regulate_v of_o the_o same_o as_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o matter_n decide_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o oleron_n and_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o inquisition_n take_v at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v within_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o same_o court_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o touch_v the_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n and_o book-case_n intend_v to_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n in_o exercise_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o those_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o cause_n of_o difference_n in_o respect_n of_o jurisdiction_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o it_o be_v incident_a to_o all_o profession_n where_o there_o be_v any_o competition_n or_o emulation_n with_o other_o to_o incline_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o to_o their_o advantage_n second_o such_o judgement_n sand_n book-case_n have_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_a understanding_n of_o the_o statute_n without_o any_o notice_n or_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o condition_n of_o maritime_a cause_n the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a rule_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v frame_v three_o that_o many_o of_o they_o upon_o due_a examination_n may_v be_v find_v not_o so_o conclude_v as_o they_o be_v pretend_v and_o although_o much_o respect_n and_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o author_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o believe_v that_o their_o judgement_n be_v infallible_a four_o that_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n as_o prohibition_n be_v the_o result_v of_o the_o former_a authority_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v according_o last_o touch_v the_o main_a piece_n sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la carry_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o â—â—e_v judge_n touch_v the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o very_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 1575._o and_o from_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n the_o 18_o of_o february_n 1632_o subscribe_v unto_o by_o they_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n charles_n and_o twenty_o lord_n of_o his_o counsel_n the_o particular_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o sr._n edward_n cook_n note_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v no_o conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o follow_v 1_o that_o in_o the_o 2_o rich._n 2._o hibernici_n sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la admirallo_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari._n 2_o that_o the_o 7_o rich._n 2._o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v for_o a_o ship_n and_o merchandises_n take_v away_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o do_v take_v they_o en_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_n ou_fw-fr les_fw-fr norman_n que_fw-fr la_fw-fr enemis_fw-fr la_fw-fr roy_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v allow_v a_o good_a plea_n 3_o that_o fortescue_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n the_o six_o say_v siquae_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la extra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la deducantur_fw-la per_fw-la testes_fw-la terminari_fw-la debent_fw-la 4_o that_o dyer_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n say_v that_o by_o the_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o case_n be_v suppose_v to_o commence_v sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o intra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiralty_n to_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o
the_o grecian_n call_v a_o bill_n of_o this_o kind_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 33._o quae_fw-la de_fw-la nautico_fw-la soenore_fw-la conscripta_fw-la est_fw-la of_o which_o nauticum_fw-la foenus_fw-la there_o be_v several_a title_n in_o the_o digest_v and_o code_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o money_n so_o lend_v to_o be_v transport_v at_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o lender_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v pecunia_n trajectitia_fw-la of_o which_o salmatius_n pecunia_fw-la trajectitia_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quae_fw-la trans_fw-la mare_fw-la vehenda_fw-la accipitur_fw-la 2._o &_o usurae_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la pacto_fw-la in_o eam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la praestantur_fw-la maritimae_n &_o nauticae_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la four_o bill_n of_o sale_n of_o ship_n be_v make_v conformable_a to_o maritine_n law_n for_o as_o west_n in_o his_o precedent_n deliver_v the_o form_n it_o be_v in_o such_o bill_n of_o sale_n express_v and_o declare_v that_o he_o that_o sell_v the_o ship_n bind_v himself_o his_o executor_n and_o administrator_n the_o say_a ship_n so_o bargain_v and_o sell_v to_o warrant_v and_o defend_v against_o all_o man_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o a_o day_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n fire_n and_o enemy_n only_o except_v these_o thing_n be_v consider_v it_o may_v be_v think_v reasonable_a that_o such_o contract_n and_o write_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o law_n among_o merchant_n and_o other_o maritime_a law_n the_o suit_n arise_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v rather_o be_v determine_v in_o those_o court_n where_o the_o proceed_n and_o judgement_n be_v according_a to_o those_o law_n than_o in_o other_o court_n which_o take_v no_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n from_o proceed_v in_o suit_n arise_v from_o such_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n although_o the_o business_n therein_o contain_v be_v to_o be_v perform_v at_o sea_n among_o the_o authority_n cite_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n there_o may_v be_v intend_v appliable_a to_o this_o purpose_n first_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o chap._n 15._o second_o some_o judgement_n give_v and_o prohibition_n grant_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n concern_v cause_n of_o this_o sort_n commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n touch_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o chap._n 34._o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o main_a objection_n against_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o whereas_o that_o of_o the_o 13._o chap._n only_o in_o general_n restrain_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o allow_v they_o to_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o sea_n this_o statute_n be_v intend_v to_o declare_v more_o express_o both_o in_o what_o place_n and_o in_o what_o matter_n they_o shall_v not_o meddle_v and_o touch_v the_o place_n in_o regard_n the_o word_n realm_n 43._o as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n observe_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n extend_v to_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o land_n declare_v the_o restraint_n to_o be_v only_o within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o body_n and_o the_o extremity_n or_o bound_n of_o county_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 3._o of_o edward_n 1_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o shire_n and_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o march_n and_o border_n of_o shire_n whence_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 5._o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 5._o allow_v to_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n so_o also_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n this_o statute_n special_o except_v from_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n the_o conusance_n of_o wreck_n of_o sea_n as_o happen_v on_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o place_n or_o territory_n of_o the_o restraint_n this_o statute_n declare_v it_o straight_a than_o that_o of_o the_o 13._o of_o richard_n the_o second_o touch_v the_o matter_n with_o which_o the_o admiral_n by_o this_o statute_n be_v not_o to_o meddle_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n they_o be_v express_o declare_v first_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n that_o be_v personal_a action_n concern_v contract_n and_o second_o be_v employ_v matter_n criminal_a and_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o touch_v the_o first_o which_o concern_v this_o assertion_n the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o court_n of_o almiralty_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o conusance_n of_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_n rise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n but_o all_o such_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n shall_v be_v try_v determine_v and_o remedy_v by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o word_n be_v so_o general_a that_o it_o be_v pretend_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o contract_n and_o write_n whatsoever_o even_o of_o such_o as_o concern_v sea_n business_n if_o they_o be_v make_v or_o write_v within_o the_o body_n of_o any_o country_n in_o answer_v whereunto_o there_o may_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n a_o general_n rule_v cite_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n allow_v as_o he_o say_v by_o all_o law_n 330._o in_o construction_n of_o statute_n viz._n quamvis_fw-la lex_fw-la generaliter_fw-la loquatur_fw-la restringenda_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cessante_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la cesset_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la ratio_fw-la sit_fw-la anima_fw-la vigorque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la legis_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la legislatur_fw-la id_fw-la sensisse_fw-la quod_fw-la ratione_fw-la caret_fw-la â—tiamsi_fw-la verborum_fw-la generalitas_fw-la prima_fw-la fancy_n aliter_fw-la suadeat_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o preamble_n as_o the_o key_n thereof_o be_v to_o hinder_v the_o admiral_n encroach_a of_o divers_a jurisdiction_n franchise_n and_o profit_v pertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o other_o lord_n beside_o those_o they_o be_v wont_a or_o aught_o to_o have_v of_o right_a by_o which_o word_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o conusance_n of_o some_o maâ—ters_n do_v former_o belong_v to_o that_o jurisdiction_n and_o not_o to_o diminish_v any_o of_o their_o ancient_n and_o just_a right_n in_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v permit_v and_o allow_v to_o the_o admiral_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n 2._o and_o unto_o which_o neither_o the_o king_n court_n noâ—_n the_o court_n of_o any_o other_o lord_n have_v former_o before_o this_o statute_n any_o pretence_n sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o 1._o objection_n of_o the_o complaint_n 8â—_n jacobi_fw-la say_v that_o the_o judge_n acknowledge_v that_o of_o contract_n pleaâ—_n and_o quarrel_n make_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n the_o admiralty_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o that_o no_o precedent_n can_v be_v show_v that_o any_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v for_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_v concern_v any_o marine_a cause_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o word_n he_o imply_v that_o although_o the_o admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o sea_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o concern_v marine_a cause_n but_o if_o a_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_n be_v make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n concern_v any_o terrene_a cause_n or_o matter_n concern_v business_n of_o the_o county_n a_o prohibition_n may_v be_v grant_v now_o it_o may_v seem_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n whether_o any_o reason_n can_v be_v show_v why_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n ought_v to_o have_v cognizance_n of_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n which_o concern_v terrene_a cause_n or_o matter_n concern_v business_n of_o the_o county_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o contract_v plea_n or_o quarrel_n which_o concern_v marine_a cause_n or_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v or_o do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n the_o admiral_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o like_a cognizance_n and_o if_o no_o reason_n thereof_o can_v be_v show_v how_o according_a to_o the_o general_a rule_n which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v touch_v the_o construction_n of_o statute_n the_o common_a interpretation_n which_o be_v make_v of_o that_o of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n 2._o chap._n 3._o by_o which_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n arise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n be_v extend_v to_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_n relate_v to_o marine_a affair_n can_v be_v justify_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v cum_fw-la ratio_fw-la sit_fw-la anima_fw-la legis_fw-la non_fw-la
may_v soon_o swallow_v up_o the_o other_o not_o only_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o subject_n for_o who_o good_a the_o diversity_n of_o court_n be_v erect_v but_o also_o the_o wrong_n of_o the_o prince_n from_o who_o those_o jurisdiction_n be_v derive_v sir_n thomas_n rydlye_n in_o his_o view_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n further_o show_v how_o injurious_a to_o the_o admiralty_n and_o unreasonable_a this_o practice_n be_v in_o regard_n that_o in_o law_n no_o fiction_n ought_v to_o be_v admit_v but_o such_o as_o be_v both_o possible_a and_o equitable_a first_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v possible_a because_o otherwise_o it_o be_v to_o admit_v that_o by_o way_n of_o supposition_n which_o nature_n will_v not_o allow_v and_o therefore_o although_o one_o that_o be_v dead_a to_o some_o construction_n of_o law_n may_v be_v feign_v to_o be_v alive_a if_o at_o that_o time_n any_o of_o his_o equal_n in_o age_n be_v still_o live_v yet_o one_o who_o die_v two_o hundred_o year_n since_o can_v to_o any_o purpose_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v live_v all_o of_o the_o same_o age_n be_v long_o before_o dead_a second_o the_o fiction_n ought_v to_o be_v equitable_a because_o if_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o it_o be_v altogether_o unnecessary_a and_o useless_a and_o therefore_o although_o the_o law_n may_v admit_v a_o fiction_n or_o supposition_n that_o a_o child_n in_o the_o mother_n womb_n be_v already_o bear_v for_o its_o benefit_n in_o regard_n that_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v deprive_v of_o its_o filial_a portion_n or_o some_o other_o right_n in_o equity_n belong_v to_o it_o yet_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o reason_n or_o equity_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o vain_a and_o ridiculous_a but_o for_o the_o fiction_n of_o a_o ship_n to_o arrive_v in_o wardo_fw-it de_fw-fr cheap_a where_o there_o be_v no_o water_n to_o bear_v or_o carry_v be_v of_o a_o thing_n utter_o impossible_a and_o it_o be_v whole_o void_a of_o equity_n because_o a_o trial_n of_o any_o business_n thereupon_o can_v obtain_v any_o just_a and_o fait_fw-fr remedy_n thereby_o at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o may_v not_o have_v be_v have_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n which_o be_v a_o more_o competent_a and_o proper_a court_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o such_o thing_n than_o any_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n second_o concern_v action_n of_o trespass_n the_o admiral_n in_o his_o ordinary_a capacity_n claim_v no_o jurisdiction_n of_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v in_o other_o place_n without_o force_n or_o violence_n to_o make_v such_o cause_n triable_a in_o the_o king_n court_n it_o be_v suggest_v that_o they_o be_v do_v vi_o &_o armis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o usual_a form_n of_o endictment_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n as_o of_o cut_v of_o a_o purse_n although_o in_o truth_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n nor_o violence_n use_v in_o commit_v the_o same_o touch_v the_o interrupt_n and_o obstruct_v the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o cause_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o concern_v stipulation_n and_o libel_n although_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o what_o sir_n edward_n cook_n affirm_v 7.9_o that_o where_o the_o principal_a matter_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v of_o ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n the_o temporal_a judge_n ought_v not_o to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o form_n of_o proceed_n though_o they_o be_v against_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o common_a law_n because_o cuilibet_fw-la in_o sua_fw-la arte_fw-la merito_fw-la credendum_fw-la that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_n yet_o in_o the_o three_o objection_n of_o the_o complaint_n 8_o jacob_n it_o be_v show_v that_o whereas_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o admiral_n court_n have_v use_v to_o take_v stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o court_n it_o be_v now_o affirm_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n that_o the_o amiralty_n court_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o not_o able_a to_o take_v such_o stipulation_n and_o hereupon_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o that_o court_n the_o answer_n whereunto_o be_v that_o the_o admiralty_n proceed_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o can_v take_v any_o such_o recognizance_n as_o a_o court_n of_o record_n may_v do_v and_o for_o take_v of_o recognizance_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o find_v that_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v as_o by_o the_o law_n they_o ought_v and_o if_o a_o erroneous_a sentence_n be_v give_v in_o that_o court_n no_o writ_n of_o error_n but_o a_o appeal_n to_o certain_a delegate_n do_v lie_v as_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 8_o eliz._n reginae_fw-la cap._n 5._o which_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n whereunto_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v 15._o that_o some_o thing_n do_v by_o or_o before_o the_o admiral_n be_v matter_n of_o record_n may_v be_v maintain_v from_o a_o ancient_a ordinance_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o with_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n at_o grimsby_n viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n write_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o the_o admiral_n to_o arrest_v ship_n more_o or_o less_o for_o his_o service_n and_o that_o the_o admiral_n shall_v write_v to_o his_o lieutenant_n to_o see_v thing_n put_v in_o execution_n according_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o admiral_n and_o his_o lieutenant_n be_v of_o record_n after_o the_o admiral_n shall_v have_v write_v to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n the_o name_n of_o the_o ship_n arrest_v together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o master_n of_o they_o in_o that_o case_n neither_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n nor_o the_o master_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o say_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v not_o arrest_v but_o admit_v that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v not_o a_o court_n of_o record_n in_o ordinary_a matter_n no_o more_o be_v the_o stipulation_n take_v there_o such_o recognizance_n as_o be_v require_v to_o be_v take_v in_o court_n of_o record_n by_o the_o common_a law_n those_o stipulation_n cause_v no_o privilege_v obligation_n before_o other_o bond_n nor_o extend_v to_o any_o part_n of_o man_n land_n which_o be_v otherwise_o in_o recognizance_n take_v in_o court_n of_o record_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a thâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n cook_n acknowledge_v and_o â—â—â—â—â—ing_v the_o proceed_n of_o that_o 〈…〉_z according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n 〈…〉_z stipulation_n or_o have_v for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d appearance_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o deâ—crees_n and_o sentence_n in_o â—hat_n court_n prâ—scribed_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n ne_o judicia_fw-la sint_fw-la elusoria_fw-la and_o unversal_o practise_v where_o judicial_a proceed_n be_v according_a to_o that_o law_n as_o likewise_o in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n court_n and_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o university_n proceed_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o the_o complaint_n in_o this_o point_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o considerable_a in_o regard_n that_o to_o the_o public_a notary_n about_o the_o exchange_n with_o out_o exception_n or_o control_v it_o have_v be_v allow_v that_o merchant_n appear_v before_o they_o in_o a_o manner_n near_o to_o the_o recognizance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v bond_n and_o bind_v see_v &_o executores_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la tam_fw-la immobilia_fw-la quam_fw-la mobilia_fw-la praesentia_fw-la in_o futura_fw-la and_o sometime_o themselves_o be_v absent_a the_o same_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o their_o â—_z by_o their_o servant_n or_o factor_n exhibit_v procuration_n from_o they_o to_o that_o purpose_n and_o it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o among_o sir_n edw._n cook_n authority_n there_o can_v be_v discern_v any_o statute_n judgement_n or_o book-case_n to_o make_v good_a the_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n in_o the_o complaint_n second_o concern_v libel_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n the_o lord_n hobard_fw-mi in_o aud_o and_o jenning_n case_n affirm_v that_o if_o a_o contract_n in_o truth_n be_v make_v at_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o admiral_n court_n it_o be_v lay_v general_o without_o say_v supper_n alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr a_o prohibition_n may_v lie_v for_o the_o libel_n must_v warrant_v the_o sure_a in_o itself_o but_o justice_n reeves_n in_o his_o argument_n paschae_fw-la 22._o garoli_fw-it differ_v from_o he_o in_o opinion_n and_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o particular_a jurisdiction_n create_v in_o diminution_n of_o the_o general_a court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o a_o particular_a jurisdiction_n over_o thing_n that_o never_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n