generall peace of France and thereby vrged the king to forbeare from the resolution he had made not onlie to aid the oppressed people of the low countries against the Spaniards but also to haue accepted them as his owne subiects But in verie truth howsoeuer they were pitied and in a sort for a time comforted kept in hope in France by the French king who also hath oftentimes earnestlie solicited vs as quéene of England both by message and writing to be carefull of their defense yet in respect that they were otherwise more streictlie knit in ancient friendship to this realme than to anie other countrie we are sure that they could be pitied of none for this long time with more cause and griefe generallie than of our subiects of this our realme of England being their most ancient alies and familiar neighbours and that in such manner as this our realme of England and those countries haue béene by common language of long time resembled and termed as man and wife And for these vrgent causes and manie others we haue by manie fréendlie messages and ambassadors by manie letters and writings to the said king of Spaine our brother and alie declared our compassion of this so euill and cruell vsage of his naturall and loiall people by sundrie his martiall gouernors and other his men of warre all strangers to these his countries And furthermore as a good louing sister to him and a naturall good neighbour to his lowe countries and people we haue often and often againe most friendlie warned him that if he did not otherwise by his wisedome and princelie clemencie restreine the tyrannie of his gouernours and crueltie of his men of warre we feared that the people of his countries should be forced for safetie of their liues and for continuance of their natiue countrie in the former state of their liberties to séeke the protection of some other forreine lord or rather to yeeld themselues wholie to the souereigntie of some mightie prince as by the ancient lawes of their countries and by speciall priuileges granted by some of the lords and dukes of the countries to the people they doo pretend and affirme that in such cases of generall iniustice and vpon such violent breaking of their priuileges they are frée from their former homages and at libertie to make choise of anie other prince to be their prince and head The proofe whereof by examples past is to be seene read in the ancient histories of diuerse alterations of the lords and ladies of the countries of Brabant Flanders Holland and Zeland and other countries to them vnited by the states and people of the countries and that by some such alterations as the stories doo testifie Philip the duke of Burgundie came to his title from which the king of Spaines interest is deriued but the further discussion hereof we leaue to the view of the monuments and records of the countries And now for the purposes to staie them from yéelding themselues in anie like sort to the souereigntie of anie other strange prince certeine yéeres past vpon the earnest request of sundrie of the greatest persons of degrée in those countries and most obedient subiects to the king such as were the duke of Ascot and the marquesse of Hauerie yet liuing and of such others as had principall offices in those countries in the time of the emperour Charles we yéelded at their importunat requests to grant them prests of monie onelie to continue them as his subiects and to mainteine themselues in their iust defense against the violence and cruelties of the Spaniards their oppressours thereby staieng them from yeelding their subiection to anie other prince from the said king of Spaine and during the time of that our aid giuen to them and their staie in their obedience to the king of Spaine we did fréelie acquaint the same king with our actions and did still continue our fréendlie aduises to him to mooue him to command his gouernours and men of warre not line 10 to vse such insolent cruelties against his people as might make them to despaire of his fauours and séeke some other lord And in these kind of persuasions and actions we continued manie yéeres not onelie for compassion of the miserable state of the countries but of a naturall disposition to haue the ancient conditions of streict amitie and commerce for our kingdoms and people to continue with the states and the people of the said dukedome of Burgundie and the appendents line 20 and namelie with our next neighbours the countries of Flanders Holland and Zeland For we did manifestlie sée if the nation of Spaine should make a conquest of those countries as was and yet is apparantlie intended and plant themselues there as they haue doone in Naples and other countries adding thereto the late examples of the violent hostile enterprise of a power of Spaniards being sent within these few yeares by the king of Spaine and the pope into our realme of Ireland with an intent line 30 manifestlie confessed by the capteins that those numbers were sent aforehand to seize vpon some strength there to the intent with other great forces to pursue a conquest thereof we did we saie againe manifestlie see in what danger our selfe our countries and people might shortlie be if in conuenient time we did not speedilie otherwise regard to preuent or staie the same And yet notwithstanding our said often requests and aduises giuen to the king of Spaine manifestlie for his owne weale and honor line 40 we found him by his councell of Spaine so vnwilling in anie sort to incline to our fréendlie counsell that his gouernours and chéefeteins in his low countries increased their cruelties towards his owne afflicted people and his officers in Spaine offered dailie greater iniuries to ours resorting thither for traffike yea they of his councell in Spaine would not permit our expresse messenger with our letters to come to the king their masters presence a matter verie strange and against the law of line 50 nations And the cause of this our writing and sending to the king procéeded of matter that was worthie to be knowne to the king and not vnméet now also to be declared to the world to shew both our good disposition towards the king in imparting to him our gréefes and to let it appeare how euill we haue béene vsed by his ministers as in some part may appeare by this that followeth Although we could not haue line 60 these manie yeares past anie of our seruants whom we sent at sundrie times as our ambassadours to the king our good brother as was meet suffered to continue there without manie iniuries and indignities offered to their families and diuerse times to their owne persons by the greatest of his councellours so as they were constreined to leaue their places and some expelled and in a sort banished the countrie without cause giuen by them or notified to vs yet we minding
perceiued no stedfast ground to line 60 catch anchor hold vpon he submitted himselfe vnder the protection of Philip archduke of Austrich But his brother Richard being a politike man so wiselie ordered himselfe in this stormie tempest that he was not intrapped either with net or snare The king not yet out of all doubt of ciuill sedition bicause a great number of euill disposed persons partakers of this conspiracie were fled into sundrie sanctuaries deuised to haue all the gates of sanctuaries and places priuileged shut and locked vp so that none should issue out from thence to perturbe and disquiet him And for that intent he wrote vnto pope Alexander desiring him by his authoritie to adiudge all Englishmen being fled to sanctuarie for the offense of treason as enimies to the christian faith interdicting and prohibiting the refuge and priuilege of sanctuarie to all such as once had enioied the libertie and protection of the same and after that fled out and eftsoones returned againe Which thing after that the pope had granted turned to the great quietnesse of the king and his realme For manie that had offended for feare to fall into danger returned to the due subiection of their prince and other that were yet frée from perill durst not hazard themselues so boldlie as they durst haue doone before vpon hope of such starting holes When the king had thus setled things to his owne contentation and pleasure there suddenlie happened to him a lamentable chance For that noble prince Arthur the kings first begotten sonne after he had béene maried to the ladie Katharine his wife the space of fiue moneths departed out of this transitorie life in his castell of Ludlow and with great funerall obsequie was buried in the cathedrall church of Worcester His brother the duke of Yorke was staied from the title of Prince by the space of a moneth till to women it might appeare whether the ladie Katharine wife to the said prince Arthur was conceiued with child or not It is reported that this ladie Katharine thought and feared such dolorous chance to come for when she had imbraced hir father and taken hir leaue of hir noble and prudent mother and sailed towards England she was continuallie so tossed and tumbled hither and thither with boisterous winds that what for the rage of the water and contrarietie of the winds hir ship was prohibited diuerse times to approach the shore and take land In this eightéenth yeare the twentie fourth daie of Ianuarie a quarter of an houre afore three of the clocke at after noone of the same daie the first stone of our ladie chapell within the monasterie of Westminster was laid by the hands of Iohn Islip abbat of the same monasterie sir Reginald Braie knight of the garter doctor Barnes maister of the rolles doctor Wall chapleine to the kings maiestie maister Hugh Oldham chapleine to the countesse of Darbie and Richmond the kings mother sir Edward Stanhope knight and diuerse others Upon the same stone was this scripture ingrauen Illustrissimus Henricus septimus rex Angliae Franciae dominus Hiberniae posuit hanc petram in honore beatae virginis Mariae 24. die Ianuarij anno Domini 1502. Et anno dicti regis Henrici septimi decimo octauo The charges whereof amounted as some report vpon credible information as they saie to fouretéene thousand pounds Quéene Elizabeth lieng within the Tower of London was brought a bed of a faire daughter on Candlemasse daie which was there christened and named Katharine and the eleuenth of the same moneth the said queene there deceased and was buried at Westminster whose daughter also liued but a small season after hir mother King Henrie the seauenth being himselfe a brother of the tailors companie in London as diuerse other his predecessors kings before him had béene to wéet Richard the third Edward the fourth Henrie the sixt Henrie the fift Henrie the fourth and Richard the second also of dukes eleuen earles eight and twentie and lords eight and fortie he now gaue to them the name and title of merchant tailors as a name of worship to indure for euer This yeare about the later end of March the prior of the Charterhouse of Shene was murthered in a cell of his owne house by meanes of one Goodwine a moonke of the same cloister and his adherents artificers of London A drie summer hauing no notable raine from Whitsuntide to the later ladie daie in haruest The eighteenth of Februarie the king at his palace of Westminster created his onelie sonne Henrie prince of Wales earle of Chester c who afterward succéeded his father in possession of the regall crowne of this realme Moreouer this yeare also after the deceasse of that noble queene for hir vertue commonlie called good queene Elizabeth departed out of this world also sir Reginald Braie knight of the garter a verie father of his countrie for his high wisedome and singular loue to iustice well worthie to beare that title If anie thing had béene doone amisse line 10 contrarie to law and equitie he would after an humble sort plainelie blame the king and giue him good aduertisement that he should not onelie reforâ—e the same but also be more circumspect in anie other the like case Of the same vertue and faithfull plainnesse was Iohn Morton archbishop of Canturburie which died as is shewed aboue two yeares before So these two persons were refrainers of the kings vnbrideled libertie whereas the common line 20 people ignorant altogither of the truth in such matters iudged and reported that the counsell of those two worthie personages corrupted the kings cleane and immaculate conscience contrarie to his princelie disposition and naturall inclination such is euer the errour of the common people ¶ About this time died Henrie the archbishop of Canturburie whose roome doctor William Warham bishop of London supplied And to the sée of London William Barnes was appointed and after his death succéeded one Richard line 30 fitz Iames. This yeare also the lord Cassimire marquesse of Brandenburgh accompanied with an earle a bishop and a great number of gentlemen well apparrelled came in ambassage from the emperor Maximilian and were triumphantlie receiued into London and lodged at Crosbies place Their message was for thrée causes one to comfort the king in his time of heauinesse for the losse of his wife The second for the renewing of amitie and the old league The third which was not apparant line 40 wâ—s to mooue the king to marie the emperours daughter â—he ladie Margaret duchesse Dowager of Sauoie The two first tooke effect for the king vpon Passion sundaie road to Paules in great triumph the said marquesse riding on his left hand And there the bishop made to the king an excellent consolatorie oration concerning the death of the quéene And there also the king openlie sware to kéepe the new reuiued league and amitie during their two liues
the more assurance therof he renewed his fealtie in receiuing an oth vpon the holie euangelists Which doone king Henrie went into Britaine with an armie and woone the castell of Mountreleis by siege which one Henrie de Lions and one Guinemer his brother had gotten into their hands after the deceasse of Geffrey earle of Britaine line 50 This yeare the twentie of October the citie of Chichester was almost wholie consumed to ashes by mischance of fire The head church with the bishops palace and the houses of the canons were burnt euen downe to the ground After this king Henrie held his Christmasse at Caen from whence he went to Harfleet and there taking the sea passed ouer into England The French king hearing by and by of his departure assembled a great armie and threatned to destroie the countrie of Normandie and other line 60 lands on that side the sea except king Henrie would deliuer into his hands the towne of Gisors with the appurtenances or cause his sonne Richard earle of Poictou to take to wife his sister Alice according to his promise When king Henrie was aduertised hereof he turned with all speed into Normandie that he might prouide for timelie resistance if the French king came forward to inuade his dominions About the selfe same time came newes out of the holie land that Saladine after the winning of Ierusalem pursued his victorie with such successe that he had taken from the christians the more part of all other towns and strengths within the land These newes were nothing pleasant to the christian princes and namelie the two kings Henrie and Philip séemed sorowfull for the same and therefore came to an enterview togither on the 21. day of Ianuarie betwixt Trie and Gisors where the archbishop of Tire was present through whose earnest exhortation the two kings were made freends and the same day receiued the crosse at his hands in purpose to make a iourneie togither against those Saracens that had doone such iniuries to the christian name And for a difference that one nation might be knowne from an other the French king and his people tooke vpon them to weare read crosses the king of England and his subiects white crosses but the earle of Flanders and his men ware gréene Herewith they departed asunder each one repairing to their countries to prouide their armies and make them in a readinesse to set forward by a day towards this necessarie iournie King Henrie comming to Chinon by aduise of his councell ordeined that euerie one of his subiects should yeeld a tenth part of his reuenues and mooueable goods for that yeare towards the aid of them in the holie land corne of that yeares growth excepted and also all armour horsses bookes apparell ornaments of chappels and pretious stones which should not come in the rate of goods now taxed nor be charged with this paiment Moreouer those knights and men of warre that were appointed to go in this iourneie paied nothing but had that monie also towards their furniture which were gathered of their tenants and farmers howbeit burgesses and others that tooke vpon them the crosse without licence of their lords paied his tenth so that none of them went free There were also good orders deuised both for the aduancement of Gods glorie and the releefe of the common-wealth as that no man should sweare in any outragious maner that no man should plaie at cards dice or tables and that no maner of person after Easter should weare any costlie furs or cloth of scarlet nor that men should vse to haue their tables serued with more than two dishes of meat at one meale nor should haue their apparell cut iagged or laced and further that none of them should take any women foorth with them in this iourneie except such a landresse of whome there might not growe anie suspicion of wanton life It was also ordeined that the monie of such as died in this iournie should go towards the finding and maintenance of their seruants and of poore people and towards the aid of the christians in the holie land Moreouer the pope granted that all those that went foorth in this iournie repenting and confessing their sinnes should be absolued and pardoned of the same The king hauing thus taken order for his businesse in the parts on the further side the sea came now ouer into England againe landing at Winchelsey on a saturday the thirtith day of Ianuarie and calling a councell togither at Gaitington which is eight or nine miles from Northampton he there declared what orders he had taken for his iournie into the holie land Wherevpon the bishops of Norwich and Lincolne and a great number of other people tooke vpon them the crosse at the preaching of the archbishop of Canturburie and the bishop of Rochester This doone king Henrie tooke order also for the leuieng of the tenth as well here in England as he had doone in the parts subiect to him on the further side the sea He also sent Hugh bishop of Durham and other both spirituall and temporall persons vnto William king of Scots to gather the tenth likewise within his countrie but he met them betwixt Wâ—rk and Brightham and would not suffer them to enter into Scotland but he offered to giue vnto the king of England in recompense of the tenths and for to haue againe his castels the summe of 5000. marks of siluer which could not be accepted The French king likewise gathered the tenths in his countrie towards this intended iournie But by the working of some wicked spirit as we may well thinke which enuied the aduancement of the christian common-wealth that good meaning of the two kings was broken and disappointed for the peace latelie concluded betwixt them continued not long vnuiolated line 10 The French writers impute the fault thereof vnto English men and the English writers laie it to French men The French writers say that earle Richard the son of king Henrie in breach of the league made warre vpon Reimond earle of Tholouze The English writers reproue the French king as a wicked man in that he should of purpose breake the peace and moue warre against king Henrie to withdraw him from going to make warre against the Saracens to the which enterprise he was wholie line 20 bent and inclined Such is the maner of manie writers who more affectionat to the loue of their countrie than to the truth doo not obserue the law of histories in their writings but rather inueie one against another in a bralling and reprouing maner ¶ Examples hereof are more than by any possibilitie may be remembred and namelie for breuitie sake George Bucchanan in the 8. booke of his Scotish historie verie reprochfullie speaketh of Richard Grafton a right reuerend man whiles he liued and line 30 of entier name also being dead charging him with ignorance and the report of a shamelesse lier
Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda tuo Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima secunda Vindocinum noctem prima secunda diem Nocte fugam primam rapuisti manè secundam Prima metus vitio vÃque secunda fuit France twice thou fledst while Philip reignd the world dooth know thy shame For Vernueil witnesse beares of th' one next Vandosme knowes the same The first by night the next by day thy heart and force doo showe That first through feare and next by force was wrought thine ouerthrowe In this meane while certeine rebels in Guien as the lord Geffrey de Rancin or Rancon and the earle of Engolesme with their complices vpon confidence of the French kings assistance sore disquieted the countrie Howbeit the sonne of the king of line 10 Nauarre and brother to Berengaria the quéene of England entring into Guien with an armie wasted the lands of both those rebels till he was called home by reason of his fathers death which chanced about the same time Shortlie after Geffrey Rancin died and king Richard comming into his countrie wan the strong castell of Tailleburge by surrender which apperteined to the same Geffrey with others and then going against the other rebels he wan the citie of Engolesme from him by force of assault All line 20 which time the French king stirred not by reason that there was some communication in hand for a truce to be taken betwixt him and king Richard which by mediation of certeine bishops was shortlie after concluded to endure for twelue moneths The bishop of Elie was chéefe commissioner for the king of England and this truce was accorded about Lammas and serued to little purpose except to giue libertie to either prince to breath a little and in the meane time to prouide themselues of men munition line 30 ships monie that immediatlie after the terme was expired they might with greater force returne to the field againe for they had not onelie a like desire to follow the warres but also vsed a like meane and practise to leuie monie For whereas they had alreadie made the temporaltie bare with often paiments and calling them foorth to serue personallie in the warres they thought best now to fetch a fleece from the spiritualtie and churchmen considering also that they had béene by reason line 40 of their immunitie more gentlie dealt with and not appointed to serue themselues in any maner of wise To colour this exaction which they knew would be euill taken of manie they bruted abroad that they leuied this monie vpon purpose to send it into the holie land towards the paiment of the christian souldiers which remained there vpon the defense of those townes which yet the Saracens had not conquered King Richard therfore comming to Towrs in Touraine required a great summe of monie of the cleargie line 50 in those parts and the like request he made through out all those his dominions on that further side of the sea King Philip for his part demanded likewise intollerable tithes and duties of all the churchmen in his territories and those that had the gathering of that monie serued their owne turne in dealing most streightlie with sillie préests making them to paie what they thought good though sometime beyond the bounds of equitie and reason In September the iustices itinerants made their line 60 circuits thorough euerie shire and countie of this realme causing inquisitions to be taken by substantiall iuries of plées of the crowne both old and new of recognisances of escheats of wards of mariages of all maner of offendors against the lawes and ordinances of the relme and of all other transgressors falsifiers and murtherers of Iewes of the pledges goods lands debts and writings of Iewes that were slaine and of other circumstances touching that matter Likewise of the accompts of shiriffes as to vnderstand what had béene giuen towards the kings ransome how much had beene receiued and what remained behind to receiue Also of the lands that belonged to erle Iohn and what goods he had and what he held in demaine in wards escheats and in gifts and for what cause they were giuen Furthermore of his fautors and partakers which had made fines with the king and which not with manie other articles touching the same earle Also of vsurers and of their goods being seized of wines sold contrarie to the assise of false measures and of such as hauing receiued the crosse to go into the holie land died before they set forward Also of grand assises that were of an hundred shillings land or vnder and of defaults and of diuerse other things the iurats were charged to inquire and present the same The iustices also were appointed to cause the manours farmes and lands which the king held in demaine or by wards and escheats to be surueied by a substantiall iurie and to take order for the conuerting of them to such vse as the king might be answered of the gaines rising by the same at the farmers hands Also the Iewes were appointed to inroll all their debts pledges lands houses rents and possessions Moreouer inquisition was taken of iustices shiriffes bailiffes conestables foresters and other officers belonging to the king to vnderstand in what maner they had behaued themselues in taking and seizing of things into their hands and of all such goods gifts and promises had and receiued by occasion of leasure made of the lands of earle Iohn and his fautors and who receiued the same and what delaie was granted by commandement of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie then lord chéefe iustice In this meane time whilest these inquisitions were thus taken in England king Richard comming foorth of Poictou into Aniou caused all the bailiffes and officers of that countrie and also of Maine to fine with him for their offices After this when he came downe into Normandie he seemed in shew to be offended with his chancellour the bishop of Elie about concluding of the truce with the French king where as ye haue heard he was cheefe commissioner misliking greatlie all that was doone therein and therefore he tooke the seale from him and caused a new seale to be made commanding to be proclaimed thorough all his dominions that whatsoeuer had béene sealed with the old seale should stand in no force both for that his chancellor had wrought more vndiscreetlie than was conuenient and againe bicause the same seale was lost when Roger Malus Catulus his vicechancellour was drowned who perished among other by shipwracke néere to the I le of Cypres before the king arriued there being as then on his iournie into the holie land Therefore all men had commandement to come to this new seale that they might haue their charters and writings confirmed Furthermore whilest the truce yet lasted king Richard sailed ouer into England where he caused turneis to be exercised in diuerse places for the better training vp
the feast of the Ascension of the blessed virgin Marie in the 15 yeare of his reigne But now to our purpose When Dauid vnderstood of the kings approach with so puissant an armie he was brought into great perplexitie and the more in déed not onelie bicause there chanced the same yeare for the space of foure moneths togither a great drouth so that the marishes and bogges were dried vp and made passable for the kings people but also for that manie of the Welsh Nobilitie as cheefelie Griffin Maddoc and others sought his destruction in fauour of his brother Griffin whose deliuerance they earnestlie wished and for that he stood excommunicate by the pope All which things well considered caused him to doubt of a further mischéefe to hang ouer his head wherevpon he sent to the king signifieng that he would deliuer his brother Griffin freelie into his hands but letting him withall to wit by manie good reasons that if he did set him at libertie he should minister manie new occasions of continuall warres Moreouer this couenant Dauid required at the kings hands that the king should reserue him so to his peace vnder the bond of fidelitie and hostages that he should not disherit him which when as the king courteouslie granted Dauid sent vnto him his brother Griffin to dispose of him as he should thinke requisite The king receiuing him sent him to London vnder the conduct of sir Iohn de Lexinton togither with other mo whome he had receiued as hostages both of Dauid and others the Nobles of Wales appointing them to be kept in safetie within the tower there There was also a charter or déed made by the same Dauid vnto king Henrie conteining the articles couenants and grants made betwixt the said prince and the foresaid Dauid as followeth The charter of the articles of Dauids submission to the king Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos praesentes literae peruenerint Dauid filius Leolini salâ—tem Sciatis quòd concessi domino meo Henrico regi Angliae illustri c. TO all christian people to whom these present line 1 letters shall come Dauid the sonne of Leolin sendeth greeting Know ye that I haue granted and promised to deliuer vnto the lord Henrie the noble king of England Griffin my brother with his sonne and heire whom I keepe in prison and all other prisoners who by occasion of the said Griffin lie in durance line 2 Item I shall stand to the iudgement of the kings court aswell in that case whether the said Griffin ought to be deteined prisoner or no as also for and concerning the part of the inheritance of the said Leolin my father claimed by the said Griffin according to the customes of Wales so that the peace be line 10 mainteined betweene me and the said Griffin line 3 Item I and the said Griffin and either of vs shall hold our portions of land of our said souereigne the king in Capite acknowleging him chiefe lord therof line 4 Item I shall restore vnto Roger de monte alto steward of Chester his land of Montalt or Mould with the appurtenances line 5 Item I shall likewise restore to all other barons all such lands lordships and castels as were taken from them since the beginning of the warres betwéene line 20 the lord Iohn king of England and the said Leolin prince of Wales my father sauing the right of all couenants and grants by writing to be reserued vnto the iudgement and determination of the kings court line 6 Item I shall giue and restore vnto our souereigne lord the king all his charges in this present voiage laid out line 7 Item I shall make satisfaction for all damages iniuries doone by me or anie of my subiects vnto the line 30 king or his according to the consideration of the kings court and shall deliuer such as shal be malefactours in that behalfe line 8 Item I shall restore vnto the said lord the king all the homages which the late king Iohn his father had which the said lord the king of right ought to haue especiallie of all the noble men of Wales and if the king shall set at libertie anie of his captiues the possessions of that man shall remaine to the king line 9 Item the land of Elsmer with the appurtenances line 40 shall remaine to the lord the king and his heires for euer line 10 Item I shall not receiue or suffer to be receiued within my countrie of Wales any of the subiects of England outlawed or banished by the said lord the king or his barons of Mercia line 11 Item for confirmation and performance of all and singular the premisses on my behalfe I shall prouide by bonds and pledges and by all other waies and means as the said lord the king shall award and will line 50 accomplish the commandement of the said king and will obeie his lawes In witnesse whereof to this present writing I haue put my seale dated at Alnet by the riuer of Elwey in the feast of the decollation of S. Iohn Baptist in the fiue twentith yéere of the reigne of the said king For the obseruation of these 11 articles the said prince Dauid and Edniuet Uachan were sworne Also the said prince Dauid submitted himselfe to the iurisdiction of the archbishop of Canturburie and of line 60 the bishops of London Hereford and Couentrie for the time being That all or one of them whom the king shall appoint may excommunicate him and interdict his land vpon brâ—ach of anie the said articles And therevpon he procured the bishops of S. Bangor and S. Asaph to make their charters to the lord the king whereby they granted to execute and denounce all sentences aswell of excommunication as of interdiction sent from the foresaid archbishop bishops or anie of them The said Dauid also sent priuilie to the king to desire him that he would suffer him being his nephue and the lawfull heire of Leolin his father to inioy the principalitie of Wales rather than Griffin which was but a bastard and no kin vnto the king Giuing him withall to vnderstand that in case he did set Griffin at libertie he should be sure to haue the war renewed Whervpon the king knowing these things to be true and vnderstanding also that Griffin was a valiant stout man and had manie fréends and fauorours of his cause inclined rather to assent vnto Dauids request than otherwise to be in danger of further troubles therfore willinglie granted the same Shortlie after Dauid did send his brother Griffin vnto the king and other pledges for himselfe for performance of the said articles whom the king sent foorthwith to the towre of London there to be safelie kept allowing to Griffin a noble a daie for his finding And within few dais after Michaelmas prince Dauid comming to the kings court did his homage and swore fealtie who for so dooing and in that he was the kings nephue was sent home againe in
in French ATous ceulx qui ceste presente lettre verrunt ou orrunt Florence counte de Holland Robert de Brus seigneur du Val Danand Iehan Baliol seigneur de Galloway Iehan de Hastings seigneur de Abergeuenne Iehan Comin seigneur de Badenaugh Patrique de Dunbar counte de la Marche Iehan de Vescy pur son pere Nichol de Seules Guilaum de Ros saluz en dieu Come nous entendons d'auger droyt en reaume d' Escoce celle droyt monstrer chaleÌ„ger auerer deuant celuy que plus de poer iurisdiction reeson eust de trier nostre droyt l' noble prince sire Edward par la grace de dieu roy d' Angleterre nous a enforme per bonnes suffisaunt reesons que aluy apent auer doit la souerein seigneurie du dict reaume d' Escoce la cognisaunce de oir trier terminer nostre droyt Nous de nostre propre volunté sanz nulle maniere de force ou destresse voluns otrions grantons de receiuré droyt deuaunt luy come souerein seigneur de la terre Et voluns ialemeins promettons que nous auerons tendrons ferme estable son fait que celuy emportera le reaume a qui droyt le durra deuant luy En testimoigne de ceste chose nous auons mis nous seaules a ceste escript Fait donné a Norham le mardi prochein apres la Ascension l'an de Grace 1291. In English thus TO all them that these present letters shall see or heare Florence earle of Holland Robert le Bruce lord of Annandale Iohn Comin lord of Badenaw Patrike de Dunbar earle of March Iohn de Baliol lord of Gallowaie Iohn Hastings lord of Abergeuennie Iohn de Vescy in stead of his father Nicholas de Sules Walter Ros send greeting in our Lord. Whereas we intend to haue right in the kingdome of Scotland and intend to declare chalenge and proue the same before him that hath the best authoritie iurisdiction and reason to examine our right and that the noble prince the lord Edward by the grace of God king of England by good and sufficient reasons hath informed vs that the superior dominion of Scotland belongeth to him and that he ought to haue the knowledge in the hearing examining and defining of our right we of our free willes without all violence and constraint will consent and grant to receiue our right before him as the superior lord of the land We will also promise that we shal haue and hold his deed for firme and stable and that he shall haue the kingdome vnto whom before him best right shall assigne the same In witnesse whereof we haue to these letters put our seales Giuen at Norham the tuesdaie next after the feast of the Ascension of our Lord in the yeare of Grace 1291. The recognising therefore made of the superioritie and submission of grant to receiue that which before the king of England should by law be defined the said king required to haue the castels and the whole land deliuered vnto his possession that by peaceable seizine thereof had his right of superioritie now recognised by their letters and writings might be the more manifest and apparent to the whole world They streightwaies agreed to the kings request and writings thereof were made and confirmed with their seales being written in French as followeth The copie of the second charter touching the possession of the line 10 land in French ATous iceulx que ceste presente lettre verrunt ou orront Florence counte de Holland Robert de Brus seigneur du Val Danand Iehan de Baliol seigneur de Galloway Iehan de Hastings seigneur de Abergeuenny Iehan Comin seigneur de Badenaw Patrique Dunbar counte de la Marche Iehan de Vescy pour son pere Nichol de Seules Guilaume line 20 de Ros saluz en dieu Come nous aions otrie graunte de nostre bonne volunté comune assent sans nulle destresse a noble prince sire Edward par la grace de dieu roy de Angleterre quil come souerein seig de la terre de Escoce puisse oir trier terminer nos chalenges nos demandes que nos entendons monstrer auerrer pur nostre droyt en la reaume de Escoces droyt receiuer deuant luy come souerein seigneur de la terre promettons line 30 ia lemains que son fait auerons tendrons ferme estable qu' il emportera le reaume a qui droyt le durra deuant luy Mes pour ce que lauandict roy de Ang. ne puist nulle manier conusance faire ne a complier sauns iugement ne iugement doit estre sauns execution ne execution ne peult il faire duement sauns la possession seysine de mesme la terre de chasteaux Nous volons otrions grantons quil come line 40 souereine seigneur a parfaire les choses auant dictes ait la seysine de toute la mesme terre de chasteaux de Escoce tant que droyt soit feit perfourme as demandans en tiel maniere que auant ceo qu' il eit le seysine auant dict face bone seurte suffisante as demandants as gardiens a la commune du reaume d' Escoce a faire lareuersion de mesme le reaume de chasteaux oue toute la royauté dignité seignourie franchises coustomes droitures leys vsages possessions line 50 touz manieres des apurtenances en mesme le estate quils estoient quant la seysine luy fust bailleé liuereé a celuy que le droyt emportera par iugemeÌ„t de saroyaute sauue au roy d' Anglterre le homage de celuy qui serra rey Yssint quela reuersion soit feit dedans les deux moys apres le iour que le droyt sera trieé affirmé Et que les yssues de mesme la terre en le moyne temps resceus soient sauuement mis en depos bien gardees par la main le line 60 chamberleyn d' Escoce que ore est de celuy qui serra assigne a luy de par le rey d' Angleterre de sous leur seaus sauue renable sustinance de la terre des chasteaux des ministres du royaume En testimoigne de â—estes choses auandicts nous auons mis nos seaules a ceste escript Faâ—t donne a Norham le mecredie prochein apres l' Ascension â— ' an de Grace 1291. The same in English TO all them that these present writings shall see or heare Florence earle of Holland Robert le Bruce lord of Annandale Iohn de Balioll lord of Galloway Iohn Hastings lord of Abergeuenny Iohn Comin lord of Badenaw Patrike de Dunbarre the earle of March Iohn de Vescy in stead of his father Nicholas de Sules William de Ros send greeting in our lord Bicause that of our
Widehaie William de Ferrers lord of Grobie Alane de Zouche lord of Ashbie Theobald de Uerdon lord of Webbeley Thomas de Furniuall lord of Schefield Thomas de Multon lord of Egremont William Latimer lord of Torbie Thomas lord Berkley Foulke Fitz Warren lord of Mitingham Iohn lord line 50 Segraue Edmund de Eincourt lord of Thurgerton Peter Corbet lord of Caus William de Cantelowe lord of Rauensthorpe Iohn de Beauchampe lord of Hacche Roger de Mortimer lord of Penkethlin Iohn Fitz Reignold lord of Blenleueny Rafe de Neuill lord of Rabie Brian Fitz Alane lord of Bedale William Marshall lord of Hengham Walter lord Huntercombe line 60 William Martin lord of Cameis Henrie de Thies lord of Chilton Roger le Ware lord of Isefield Iohn de Riuers lord of Augre Iohn de Lancaster lord of Grisedale Robert Fitz Paine lord of Lainnier Henrie Tregoz lord of Garinges Robert Hipard lord of Lomford Walter lord Fancomberge Roger le Strange lord of Ellesmer Iohn le Strange lord of Cnokin Thomas de Chances lord of Norton Walter de Beauchampe lord of Alecester Richard Talbot lord of Eccleswell Iohn Butetourt lord of Mendesham Iohn Engain lord of Colum Hugh de Poinz lord of Corneualet Adam L. of Wels Simon L. Montacute Iohn L. Sulle Iohn de Melles or Moelles L. of Candeburie Edmund baron Stafford Iohn Louell lord of Hackings Edmund de N. lord of Elchimhonokes Rafe Fitz William L. of Grimthorpe Robert de Scales lord of Neusels William Tuchet lord of Lewenhales Iohn Abadan lord of Deuerston Iohn de Hauerings lord of Grafton Robert la Ward lord of Whitehall Nicholas de Segraue lord of Stow Walter de Tey L. of Stongraue Iohn de Lisle lord of Wodton Eustace lord Hacche Gilbert Peche L. of Corbie William Painell lord Trachington Rog. de Albo monasterio Foulke le Strange lord of Corsham Henrie de Pinkenie lord of Wedon Iohn de Hodeleston lord of Aneis Iohn de Huntingfield lord of Bradenham Hugh Fitz Henrie lord of Raueneswath Iohn Daleton lord of Sporle Nicholas de Carrie lord of Mulesford Thomas lord de la Roche Wal. de Muncie lord of Thornton Iohn Fitz Marmaduke lord of Horden Iohn lord of Kingston Robert Hastings the father lord of Chebessey Rafe lord Grendon William lord of Leiborne Iohn de Greistocke lord of Morpath Matthew Fitz Iohn lord of Stokenham Nicholas de Neuell lord of Wherlton and Iohn Painell lord of Ateli with all humble submission The holie mother church by whose ministerie the catholike see is gouerned in hir deeds as we throughlie beleeue and hold proceedeth with that ripenesse in iudgement that she will be hurtfull to none but like a mother would euerie mans right be kept vnbroken aswell in another as in hir selfe Whereas therfore in a generall parlement called at Lincolne of late by our most dread lord Edward by the grace of God the noble king of England the same our lord caused certeine letters receiued from you to be read openlie and to be declared seriouslâ—e afore vs about certeine businesse touching the condition and state of the realme of Scotland we did not a little muse and maruell with our selues hearing the meanings concerning the same so wondrous and strange as the like we haue not heard at any time before For we know most holie father and it is well knowne aswell within this realme of England as also not vnknowne to other persons besides that from the first beginning of the realme of England the certeine and direct gouernment of the realme of Scotland in all temporall causes from time to time belonged to the kings of the same relme of England and relme of Scotland aswell in the times both of the Britains as also Englishmen yea rather the same realme of Scotland of old time was in fee to the ancestours of our foresaid lords kings of England yea and to himselfe Furthermore the kings of Scots and the realme haue not beene vnder any other than the kings of England and the kings of England haue answered or ought to answer for their rights in the foresaid relme or for anie his temporalities before anie iudge ecclesiasticall or secular by reason of free preheminence of the state of his roiall dignitie and custome kept without breach at all times Wherefore after treatie had and diligent deliberation of the contents in your foresaid letters this was the common line 10 agreement consent with one mind and shall be without faile in time to come by Gods grace that our foresaid lord the king ought by no meanes to answer in iudgement in any case or should bring his foresaid rights into doubt nor ought not to send any proctors or messengers to your presence speciallie seeing that the premisses tend manifestlie to the disheriting of line 20 the right of the crowne of England and the plaine ouerthrowe of the state of the said realme and also hurt of the liberties customes and lawes of our fathers for the keeping defense of which we are bound by the duetie of the oth made and we will mainteine them with all power and will defend them by Gods helpe with all strength and furthermore will not suffer our foresaid lord the king to doo or by anie line 30 means attempt the premisses being so vnaccustomed vnwont and not hard of afore Wherefore we reuerentlie and humblie beseech your holinesse that yee would suffer the same our lord king of England who among other princes of the world sheweth himselfe catholike and deuout to the Romish church quietlie to inioy his rights liberties customes and lawes aforesaid line 40 without all impairing and trouble and let them continue vntouched In witnesse whereof we haue set our seales to these presents as well for vs as for the whole communaltie of the foresaid relme of England Dated at Lincolne the twelfth of Februarie in the yeare of our Lord 1301 Et anno Edwardi primi 29. The pope when he heard and deliberatelie pondered line 50 the kings answer with this letter directed to him from the English barons waxed cold in the matter and followed it no further The truce betwixt the king and the Scots being once expired the king assembled his armie and went into Scotland about the feast of saint Iohn Baptist and tarieng there all the summer and winter following his souldiers lost manie of their great horsses for lacke of forrage which could not be gotten in the cold winter season He kept his Christmas at Lithquo and at line 60 length at the request and sute of his brother in law the French king he granted eftsoones a truce to the Scotishmen vntill the feast of All saints next insuing Then hauing ordered his businesse for that time in Scotland he returned into England and about midlent called a parlement at London Also this yéere pope Boniface vpon displeasure conceiued against the French king sent vnto king Edward exhorting him to make warres against the same French
strange on the other part speciallie in such kind of misgouerned people for in that spoiling of the dukes house all the iewels plate and other rich line 30 and sumptuous furniture which they there found in great plentie they would not that any man should fare the better by it of a mite but threw all into the fire so to be consumed and such things as the fire could not altogither destroie as plate and iewels they brake and crashed in péeces throwing the same into the Thames One of them hauing thrust a faire siluer peece into his bosome meaning to conueie it awaie was espied of his fellowes who tooke him and cast both him and the péece into the fire saieng they line 40 might not suffer any such thing sith they professed themselues to be zealous of truth and iustice and not théeues nor robbers There were 32 of them that being gotten into the celler of the Sauoie where the dukes wines laie dranke so much of such swéete wine as they found there that they were not able to come foorth but with stones wood that fell downe as the house burned they were closed in so that out they could not get They laie there showting crieng seuen daies line 50 togither and were heard of manie but none came to helpe them and so finallie they perished Now after that these wicked people had thus destroied the duke of Lancasters house and done what they could deuise to his reproch they went to the temple and burnt the men of lawes lodgings with their bookes writings and all that they might lay hand vpon Also the house of saint Iohns by Smithfield they set on fire so that it burned for the space of seuen daies togither On Friday a great number of them estéemed line 60 to 20 thousand went to the manor of Heiburie that belonged vnto the lord of saint Iohns and setting fire on it sought vtterlie to destroie the whole buildings about it They were now diuided into thrée parts one vnder the leading of Iacke Straw tooke in hand to ruinate that house and an other number of them lay on mile end greene and the third companie kept vpon the tower hill and would not suffer anie vittels to be conueied into the tower where the king at that time was lodged and was put in such feare by those rude people that he suffered them to enter into the tower where they sought so narowlie for the lord chancelor that finding him in the chappell they drew him foorth togither with the lord treasuror and on the tower hill without reuerence of their estates and degrees with great noise and fell cries they stroke off their heads There were also beheaded at the same time by those rude people one of the kings seruants that was a sergeant at armes called Iohn Leg who had vsed himselfe somewhat extremelie in gathering vp of the pole monie as by one writer it appeareth Also to make vp the messe they beheaded a Franciscane Frier whom they had taken there at the same time for malice of the duke of Lancaster bicause he was verie familiar with him ¶ Some write that this frier was confessor and other say that he was physician to the king but what soeuer he was the commons chopped off his head to beare the other companie not sparing for anie respect that might be alledged in any of their behalfes On the same day also they beheaded manie others as well Englishmen as Flemings for no cause in the world but onelie to satisfie the crueltie of the commons that then were in their kingdome for it was a sport to them when they gat any one amongst them that was not sworne to them and séemed to mislike of their dooings or if they bare but neuer so little hatred to him streightwaies to plucke of his hood with such a yelling noise as they tooke vp amongst them and immediatlie to come thronging into the stréets and strike off his head Neither had they any regard to sacred places for breaking into the church of the Augustine friers they drew foorth thirteene Flemings and beheaded them in the open streets and out of the parish churches in the citie they tooke foorth seuentéene and likewise stroke off their heads without reuerence either of the church or feare of God But they continuing in their mischéefous purpose shewed their malice speciallie against strangers so that entring into euerie stréet lane and place where they might find them they brake vp their houses murthered them which they found within and spoiled their goods in most outragious manner Likewise they entered into churches as before ye haue heard into abbeies monasteries and other houses namelie of men of law which in semblable sort they ransacked They also brake vp the prisons of newgate and of both the counters destroied the books and set prisoners at libertie and also the sanctuarie-men of saint Martins le grand And so likewise did they at Westminster where they brake open the eschequer and destroied the ancient bookes and other records there dooing what they could to suppresse law and by might to beate downe equitie and right as it is said Tunc ius calcatur violentia cum dominatur They that entered the tower vsed themselues most presumptuouslie and no lesse vnreuerentlie against the princesse of Wales mother to the king for thrusting into hir chamber they offered to kisse hir and swasht downe vpon hir bed putting hir into such feare that she fell into a swoone and being taken vp and recouered was had to the water side and put into a barge conueied to the place called the quéenes wardrobe or the tower riall where she remained all that day and the night following as a woman halfe dead till the king came to recomfort hir It was strange to consider in what feare the lords knights gentlemen stood of the cruell procéedings of those rude base people For where there were six hundred armed men and as manie archers in the tower at that present there was not one that durst gainesaie their dooings Finallie when they had eased their stomachs with the spoiling burning and defacing of sundrie places they became more quiet and the king by the aduise of such as were then about him vpon good deliberation of counsell offered to them pardon and his peace with condition that they should cease from burning and ruinating of houses from killing and murthering of men and depart euerie man to his home without more adoo and there to tarrie for the kings charters confirmatorie of the same pardon The Essexmen were content with this offer as they that were desirous to see their wiues and children being waxen wearie of continuall trauell and paines which they were constreined to take The king went foorth vnto Mile end and there declared vnto the line 10 commons that they should haue charters made to them of his grant to make them all free And further that euerie
land in Yorkeshire at Flamborrow that after by wisedome and good consideration of the king and his councell was thought verie necessarie here to be reteined But by the sudden newes of this staie the father at supper as he sat so stroken at hart that well nie streight had he fallen downe dead yet borne into his chamber where for greefe and pine within thrée daies next he deceassed The yoong king Iames his sonne after an eightéene yeares staie in which time line 40 he had béene well trained in princehood at last with right honorable marriage at saint Marie Oueries vnto Iâ—ne daughter to the earle of Summerset coosine vnto Henrie the sixt then king and with manie other high gratuities here beside was sent and set in his rule and kingdome at home Such great hope and good expectation was had of this mans fortunate successe to follow that within thrée daies after his fathers deceasse diuerse noble men and honorable personages did to him homage line 50 and sware to him due obedience which had not béene seene doone to any of his predecessors kings of this realme till they had beene possessed of the crowne He was crowned the ninth of Aprill being Passion sundaie which was a sore ruggie and tempestuous day with wind snow and sléet that men greatlie maruelled thereat making diuerse interpretations what the same might signifie But this king euen at first appointing with himselfe to shew that in his person princelie honors should change publike manners he determined to put on him the shape of a new man For whereas aforetime he had made himselfe a companion vnto misrulie mates of dissolute order and life he now banished them all from his presence but not vnrewarded or else vnpreferred inhibiting them vpon a great paine not once to approch lodge or soiourne within ten miles of his court or presence and in their places he chose men of grauitie wit and high policie by whose wise counsell he might at all times rule to his honour and dignitie calling to mind how once to hie offense of the king his father he had with his fist striken the chéefe iustice for sending one of his minions vpon desert to prison when the iustice stoutlie commanded himselfe also streict to ward he then prince obeied The king after expelled him out of his priuie councell banisht him the court and made the duke of Clarence his yoonger brother president of councell in his steed This reformation in the new king Christ. Okl. hath reported fullie consenting with this For saith he Ille inter iuuenes paulo lasciuior antè Defuncto genitore grauis constánsque repentè Moribus ablegat corruptis regis ab aula Assuetos socâ—os nugatoribus acrem Poenam si quisquam sua tecta reuiserit addit Atque ita mutatus facit omnia principe digna Ingenio magno post consultoribus vsus c. But now that the king was once placed in the roiall seat of the realme he vertuouslie considering in his mind that all goodnesse commeth of God determined to begin with some thing acceptable to his diuine maiestie and therefore commanded the cleargie sincerelie and trulie to preach the word of God and to liue accordinglie that they might be the lanternes of light to the temporaltie as their profession required The laie men he willed to serue God and obeie their prince prohibiting them aboue all things breach of matrimonie custome in swearing and namelie wilfull periurie Beside this he elected the best learned men in the lawes of the realme to the offices of iustice and men of good liuing he preferred to high degrées and authoritie Immediatlie after Easter he called a parlement in which diuerse good statutes and wholesome ordinances for the preseruation and aduancement of the common-wealth were deuised and established On Trinitie sundaie were the solemne exequies doone at Canturburie for his father the king himselfe being present thereat About the same time at the speciall instance of the king in a conuocation of the cleargie holden at Paules in London it was ordeined that saint George his daie should be celebrate and kept as a double feast The archbishop of Canturburie meant to haue honored saint Dunstanes daie with like reuerence but it tooke not effect When the king had setled things much to his purpose he caused the bodie of king Richard to be remooued with all funerall dignitie conuenient for his estate from Langlie to Westminster where he was honorablie interred with quéene Anne his first wife in a solemne toome erected and set vp at the charges of this king ¶ Polychronicon saith that after the bodie of the dead king was taken vp out of the earth this new king happilie tendering the magnificence of a prince and abhorring obscure buriall caused the same to be conueied to Westminster in a roiall seat or chaire of estate line 10 couered all ouer with blacke veluet adorned with banners of diuers armes round about All the horsses likewise saith this author were apparelled with blacke and bare sundrie sutes of armes Manie other solemnities were had at his interrement according to the qualitie of the age wherein he liued and died Also in this first yéere of this kings reigne sir Iohn Oldcastell which by his wife was called lord Cobham a valiant capteine and a hardie gentleman was accused to the archbishop of Canturburie of line 20 certeine points of heresie who knowing him to be highlie in the kings fauour declared to his highnesse the whole accusation The king first hauing compassion of the noble man required the prelats that if he were a straied shéepe rather by gentlenes than by rigor to reduce him to the fold And after this he himselfe sent for him and right earnestlie exhorted him and louinglie admonished him to reconcile himselfe to God and to his lawes The lord Cobham not onelie thanked him for his most fauourable clemencie line 30 but also declared first to him by mouth and afterwards by writing the foundation of his faith and the ground of his beliefe affirming his grace to be his supreme head and competent iudge and none other person offering an hundred knights and esquiers to come to his purgation or else to fight in open lists in defense of his iust cause The king vnderstanding and persuaded by his councell that by order of the lawes of his realme such accusations touching matters of faith ought line 40 to be tried by his spirituall prelats sent him to the Tower of London there to abide the determination of the clergie according to the statutes in that case prouided after which time a solemne session was appointed in the cathedrall church of saint Paule vpon the thrée and twentith day of September and an other the fiue and twentith daie of the same moneth in the hall of the Blacke friers at London in which places the said lord was examined apposed and fullie heard and in conclusion by the archbishop of
péeces of harnesse euerie one mounted on a great courser The one bare his helmet the second his grangard the third his speare the fourth his axe and so euerie one had something belonging to a man of armes The apparell of the nine henchmen were white cloth of line 20 gold and crimsin cloth of gold richlie embrodered with goldsmithes worke the trappers of the coursers were mantell harnesse coulpened and in euerie vent a long bell of fine gold and on euerie pendent a déepe tassell of fine gold in bullion which trappers were verie rich The king and the emperour met betwéene Aire and the campe in the foulest weather that lightlie hath béene seene The emperour gentlie interteined the king and the king likewise him and after a little communication had betwene them bicause the line 30 weather was foule they parted for that time The emperour all his men were at that daie all in blacke cloth for the empresse his wife was latelie deceased Within a day or two after this interuiew and that the king was returned to his campe thither came a king at armes of Scotland called Lion with his cote of armes on his backe who within short time was by Gartier king of armes brought to the kings presence where he being almost dismaid to see the king so noblie accompanied with few words meetlie line 40 good countenance deliuered a letter to the king which his grace receiued and read it himselfe and therewith hauing conceiued the whole contents thereof made this answer immediatly to the herald Now we perceiue the king of Scots our brother in law and your master to be the same person whom we euer tooke him to be for we neuer estéemed him to be of anie truth and so now we haue found it For notwithstanding his oth his promise in the word of a king and his owne hand and seale yet line 50 now he hath broken his faith promise to his great dishonour and infamie for euer and intendeth to inuade our realme in our absence which he durst not once attempt our owne person being present But he sheweth himselfe not to be degenerat from the conditions of his forfathers whose faiths for the most part haue euer béene violated and their promises neuer obserued further than they list Therefore tell thy master first that he shall neuer be comprised in anie league wherein I am a confederat and also that line 60 I suspecting his truth as now the déed prooueth haue left an earle in my realme at home which shall be able to defend him and all his power For we haue prouided so that he shall not find our land destitute of people as he thinketh to doo but this saie to thy master that I am the very owner of Scotland that he holdeth it of me by homage And insomuch as now contrarie to his bounden dutie he being my vassall dooth rebell against me with Gods helpe I shall at my returne expell him his realme and so tell him Sir said the king of armes I am his naturall subiect and he is my naturall lord and that he commandeth me to say I may boldlie say with fauour but the commandements of other I may not nor dare say to my souereigne but your letters with your honor sent may declare your pleasure for I may not say such words of reproch to him to whom I owe onelie mine allegiance and faith Then said the king Wherfore came you hither will you receiue no answer Yes said Lion but your answer requireth dooing and no writing that is that immediatlie you should returne home Well said the king I will returne to your damage and not at thy maisters summoning Then the king commanded Gartier to take him to his tent and to make him good cheare which so did and cherished him well for he was sore abashed After he was departed the king sent for all the capteins and before them and his councell caused the letter to be read the contents wherof were that king Henrie had not dealt with him vprightlie in sundrie points as in mainteining of those which had slaine his people of Scotland by sea and also in succouring bastard Heron with his complices which had vnder trust of daies of méeting for iustice slaine his warden Also his wiues legacie was by him withholden moreouer where first he had desired him in fauour of his dere cousin the duke of Gelder not to attempt anie thing against him yet had he sent his people to inuade the said dukes countrie which did what in them lay to destroie and dishinherit the said duke that had nothing offended against him And now againe where he had made the like request for his brother cousine the most christian king of France yet notwithstanding had the king of England caused him to lose his duchie of Millaine and at this present inuaded his realme with all his puissance to destroie him and his subiects whereas yet the said king of France had béene euer fréend to him neuer giuen him occasion thus to doo In consideration of which iniuries receiued in his owne person and in his friends he must néeds seeke redresse and take part with his brother and cousine the said king of France Wherefore he required him to desist from further inuasion and destruction of the French dominions which to doo if he refused he plainlie declared by the same letters that he would doo what he could to cause him to desist from further pursute in that his enterprise also giue letters of marque to his subiects for the deniall of iustice made to them by the king of England The letters thus sent to the king of England were dated at Edenburgh the six and twentith daie of Iulie and giuen vnder the signet of the said Scotish king When the king had thus caused these letters to be read and throughlie considered of them as apperteined he sent them straight to the earle of Surrie which then laie at Pomfret and caused other letters to be deuised to the king of Scots the effect whereof was that although he well perceiued by the kings letters which he had receiued from him in what sort vnder colour of contriued occasions and feined quarrelles he meant to breake the peace he did not much maruell thereat considering the ancient accustomed manners of some his progenitors Howbeit if loue and dread of God nighnesse of blood honour of the world law and reason had bound him it might be supposed that he would neuer so farre haue procéeded wherein the pope and all princes christned might well note in him dishonorable demeanor which had dissembled the matter whilest he was at home in his realme and now in his absence thus went about vpon forged causes to vtter his old rancor which in couert manner he had long kept secret Neuerthelesse vpon mistrust of such vnstedfastnesse he had put his realme in a readinesse to resist his enterprises as he doubted not
light persons said that Thomas Crumwell which was newlie come to the fauour of the king had disclosed the secrets of the commons which thing caused the king to be so extreame The king like a good prince considered how sorowfull his commons were of the answer that he made them and thought that they were not quiet wherefore of his owne motion he caused a pardon of the premunire to be drawne and signed it with his hand and sent it to the common house by Christopher Hales his atturneie which bill was soone assented to Then the commons louinglie thanked the king and much praised his wit that he had denied it to them when they vnworthâ—lie demanded it and had bountifullie granted it when he perceiued that they sorrowed and lamented While the parlement sat on the thirtith daie of March at afternoone there came into the common house the lord chancellor and diuerse lords of the spiritualtie and â—emporaltie to the number of twelue and there the lord chancellor said You of this worshipfull house I am sure be not so ignorant but you know well that the king our souereigne lord hath married his brothers wife for she was both wedded and bedded with his brother prince Arthur and therefore you may suerlie saie that he hath married his brothers wife â—f this marriage be good or no manie clerkes doo doubt Wherefore the king like a vertuous prince willing to be satisfied in his conscience also for the suertie of his realme hath with great deliberation consulted with profound clerkes hath sent my lord of London here present to the chiefe vniuersities of all christendome to know their opinion and iudgement in that behalfe And although that the vniuersities of Cambridge and Oxford had béene sufficient to discusse the cause yet bicause they be in his realme and to auoid all suspicion of parcialitie he hath sent into the realme of France Italie the popes dominions and Uenecians to know their iudgement in that behalfe which haue concluded written and sealed their determinations according as you shall heare read Then sir Brian Tuke tooke out of a box certeine writings sealed and read them word by word as after insueth translated out of Latine into the English toong Determinations of diuerse vniuersities touching the vnlawfulnesse of the kings marriage and first the determination of the vniuersitie of Orleance NOt long since there were put foorth to vs the college of doctors regents of the vniuersitie of Orleance these two questions that follow The first whether it be lawfull by the law of God for the brother to take to wife that woman whom his brother hath left The second if this be forbidden by the law of God whether this prohibition of the law of God may be remitted by the pope his dispensation We the foresaid college of doctors regents according to our custome and vsage came manie times togither and did sit diuerse times vpon the discussing of these foresaid doubts and questions and did examine and weigh as much as we might diuerse and manie places both of the old testament and the new and also the interpretors and declarers both of the law of God and the canon law After we had weighed considered all things exactlie with good leisure and deliberation we haue all determined and concluded that these foresaid mariages cannot be attempted nor enterprised except a man doo wroong and plaine contrarie to the law of God yea and that although it be doone by pardon and sufferance of the pope And in witnesse of this conclusion and determination we haue caused this present publike writing to be signed by the scribe of our said vniuersitie and to be strengthened fortified with the seale of the same Enacted in the chapell of our ladie the annuntiation or the good tidings that she had of Christes comming in Orleance the yeare of our Lord 1529 the 5. daie of Aprill The determination of the facultie of decrees of the vniuersitie of Paris IN the name of the Lord so be it There was put foorth before vs the deane and college of the right councelfull facultie of decrées of the vniuersitie of Paris this question Whether that the pope might dispense that the brother might marrie the wife that his brother hath left if mariage betweene his brother now dead and his wife were once consummate line 20 We the deane and college of the said facultie after manie disputations and reasons made of both sides vpon this matter and after great and long turning and searching of bookes both of the law of God and the popes law and of the law ciuill we counsell and saie that the pope hath no power to dispense in this foresaid case In witnesse whereof we haue caused this present writing to be strengthened with the seale of our facultie and with the signe of our scribe or chiefe bedle Yeuen in the congregation or assemble at saint Iohn Laterenense in Paris the second line 30 daie of Maie 1530. The determination of ciuilians and canonists of the vniuersitie of Aniou NOt long time since there were proposed vnto vs the rector and doctors regents in law canon and ciuill of the vniuersitie of Aniou these two questions line 40 here following that is to wit Whether it is vnlawfull by the law of God the law of nature for a man to marrie the wife of his brother that is departed without children so that the marriage was consummate And againe whether it is lawfull for the pope to dispense with such marriage We the aforesaid rector and doctors haue according to our custome and vsage manie times communed togither and sitten to dispute these questions and to find out the certeintie of them And after that we had discussed and examined line 50 manie and diuerse places aswell of the law of God as of the law of man which séemed to perteine to the same purpose and after we had brought reasons for both parties and examined them all things faithfullie and after good conscience considered and vpon sufficient deliberation and aduisement taken we define and determine that neither by the law of God nor of nature it is permitted for any christian man no not euen with the authoritie of the sée apostolike or with anie dispensation granted line 60 by the pope to marrie the wife that his brother hath left although his brother be departed without children after that the marriage is once finished and consummate And for witnes of the aforsaid things we haue commanded the scribe of our said vniuersitie to signe this present publike instrument and it to be fortified with the great seale of our vniuersitie Enacted in the church of saint Peter in Aniou the yeare of our Lord 1530 the 7 daie of Maie The determination of the facultie of diuinitie in the vniuersitie of Paris THe deane and the facultie of the holie diuinitie of the vniuersitie of Paris to all them to whom this present writing shall come wisheth
safetie in our sauiour Iesu Christ which is the verie true safetie Where of late there is risen a great controuersie of great difficultie vpon the marriage betweene the most noble Henrie the eight king of England defendor of the faith and lord of Ireland c and the noble ladie Katharine quéene of England daughter to the catholike king Ferdinand which marriage was not onelie contract betwéene hir and hir former husband but also consummate and finished by carnall intermedling This question also was proposed to vs to discusse and examine according to iustice and truth that is to saie Whether to marrie hir that one brother dead without children hath left being so prohibited by the law of God and nature that it can not be lawfull by the popes dispensation that any christian man shuld marrie the wife that his brother hath left We the foresaid deane and facultie calling to our remembrance how vertuous and how holie a thing and how agréeable to our profession vnto our dutie of loue and charitie it is for vs to shew the waie of iustice and right of vertue and honestie to them which desire to lead and passe ouer their life in the law of our Lord with suâ—e and quiet conscience could not but be readie to satisfie so honest and iust requests wherevpon after our old woont we came togither vpon our oth in the church of S. Maturine and there for the same cause had a solemne masse with deuout praier to the Holie-ghost And also we tooke an oth euerie man to deliuer and to studie vpon the foresaid question as should be to the pleasure of God according to conscience And after diuerse manie sessions or sittings which were had and continued in the church of saint Maturine and also in the college called Sorbon from the eight daie of Iune to the second daie of Iulie when we had searched and examined through and through with as much diligence as we could and with such reuerence and religion or conscience as becommeth in such a matter â—oth the bookes of holie scripture and also the most approoued interpretors of the same finallie the generall and synodall councels decrées and constitutions of the sacre and holie church which by long custome hath béene receiued and approbate We the foresaid deane and facultie disputing vpon the foresaid question and making answer to the same and that after the iudgement and full consent of the most part of the said facultie haue concluded and determined that the foresaid marriage with the brothers wife departing without children be so forbidden both by the law of God of nature that the pope hath no power to dispense with such mariages whether they be contract or to be contract And for credence beléefe and witnesse of this our assertion and determination we haue caused the seale of our facultie with our notaries signe to be put vnto this present writing Dated in our generall congregation that we kéepe by an oth at saint Maturines the yeare of our Lord 1530 the second daie of Iulie The determination of the vniuersitie of Burges in Berrie or Biturs WE the deane and facultie of diuinitie in the vniuersitie of Burges bicause we will doo according to the example of S. Paule doctor of the gentiles which dooth likewise will begin our writing with praier for all the belooued of God among whome you most deare readers vnto whome we write be called grace peace and quietnesse of conscience come to you from God the father and from our Lord Iesu Christ. While we were gathered together all into one place in the octaues of Whitsuntide both in bodie and mind and were sitting in the house of the said deane there was a question put to vs againe which had beene proposed to vs oftentimes before being no small question which was this Whether the brother taking the wife of his brother now dead and the marriage once consummate and perfect dooth a thing vnlawfull or no At the last when we had sought for the truth of the thing and had perceiued and found it out by much labour line 10 and studie of euerie one of vs by himselfe and by much and often turning of holie bookes euerie one of vs not corrupt whereby we might the lesse obeie the truth began as the holie ghost did put in his mind to giue euerie man one arbitrement and sentence which was this I haue well perceiued in verie truth without regard or respect of anie person that those persons which be rehearsed in the 18 chapter of the Leuiticall law be forbidden by the verie law of nature to contract matrimonie togither and line 20 that this law can in no wise be released by anie authoritie of anie man by the which there is made an abhominable discouering of his brothers foulenesse And this is the signe of our common bedell or notarie and the seale of our foresaid facultie put vnto this present writing the 10 daie of Iune in the yeare of our Lord 1530. And bicause the foot of our writing shall be of one forme and fashion with the head as we began with praier so let vs end after the example of S. Paule that we spake of before and saie line 30 the grace and fauour of our Lord Iesu Christ the charitie and loue of God and the communication of the holie ghost be with you all Amen The determination of the diuines in the popes vniuersitie of Bononie GOD best and mightiest taught first the old law and testament with his owne mouth to forme and fashion according to loue and charitie the maners line 40 and life of men And secondarilie the same God did take afterwards manhood vpon him for to be the redéemer of man and so made the new law or new testament not onlie to forme and fashion according to loue and charitie the life and maners of men but also to take awaie and to declare doubts the which did arise in manie cases which when they be once cléerelie determined shall helpe greatlie to perfect vertue and goodnesse that is to saie to perfect loue and charitie line 50 Wherefore we thought it euermore that it should be our part to follow these most holie doctrines and lawes of our father of heauen and that we lightned by the light of God aboue of the holie ghost should giue our sentence and iudgement in high and doubtfull matters after that we haue once leisurelie and sufficientlie taken aduisement vpon the cause and haue cleerelie searched out and opened the thing by many reasons and writings of holie fathers as well for the one part as for the other dooing nothing as line 60 néere as we can rashlie or without deliberation Therefore where certeine great and noble men did instantlie desire vs that we would with all diligence possible looke for this case that after insueth afterwards to giue our iudgement vpon the same according to most equitie right and conscience sticking onelie to the truth All the
the more trusted in the popes law than in kéeping the precepts of God Forsomuch as merchant strangers bringing line 50 their wares into the realme did receiue readie monie for them and euer deliuered the same monie to other merchants by exchange not emploieng it vpon the commodities of the realme a proclamation was set foorth and made that no person should make anie exchange contrarie to the meaning of a statute ordeined in the time of king Richard the second by reason whereof clothes and other commodities of this realme shortlie after were well sold till they fell to exchange againe and that this proclamation was line 60 forgotten After Whitsuntide the king the queene remooued to Windsor and there continued till the fourtéenth of Iulie on the which daie the king remooued to Woodstocke and left the quéene at Windsor where she remained a while after remooued to the More and from thence to Estamstéed whither the king sent to hir diuerse lords to aduise hir to be conformable to the law of God shewing sundrie reasons to persuade hir to their purpose and one among the rest vsed for that present this communication as I find it left in writing in the behoofe of the king ¶ Madam the kings highnesse hath commanded vs repairing vnto you on his highnesse behalfe to shew vnto you thus much that his maiestie hauing heretofore sent vnto you a great number of his councellors and learned men to declare what great iniuries and wrongs by your procurement and solicitation were and yet be doone vnto his maiestie and this his realme in citing his highnesse in his owne person or by his proctor to appeare at Rome to make answer to your sute contrarie to the determination of all lawes as not onelie the famous vniuersities of christendome as Paris and Orleance but also as the most part of the learned men here or elsewhere in that facultie affirme and as maister deane learned in that facultie can and will testifie vnto you on his conscience if it shall please you to heare him and contrarie also to his estate roiall and to the priuileges and prerogatiues of this his graces realme His highnesse perceiuing your grace not to regard their aduertisements in right and iustice but still to perseuere and continue and rather increase your iniurious procurements and solicitations in that behalfe is not a little gréeued displeased with your continuance and prosecution of this iniurie and manifest wrong towards his maiestie and this his graces realme The continuance of which your vnkind dealing hath compelled his highnesse not onelie to absteine from the sight of you but also to forbeare to receiue anie of your tokens which doo nothing else but renew and refresh his displeasure inforcing him also to an indignation to see tokens offered and sent by hir who continueth in prosecuting of so notable an iniurie and manifest wrong towards his maiestie this his realme perceiuing also what boldnesse other outward princes might take to misintreat his highnesse when they should vnderstand how his maiestie suffreth himselfe to be wronged by his pretended subiect and so notable wrong to be doone to this his realme And vpon this cause and ground like as the kings highnesse these certeine moneths past hath disseuered your grace from his presence so he intendeth yet to continue and hath commanded vs to shew you that his pleasure is ye shal be at your libertie as ye shall thinke most commodious repaire to either of these thrée places his manour of Oking his manour of Estamsteed or the monasterie of Bisham and there to continue without further molesting of his highnesse with your sutes or requests to the contrarie as wherewith ye shall not preuaile but more and more molesting and troubling his highnesse procure his further displeasure towards you And though percase the pope shall desist as perceiuing now the matter of right he will yet the kings highnesse cannot digest in his stomach this iniurie doone not to be amended or reformed at your graces procurement but your grace rather suing and instanting the contrarie And this is the charge madam which the kings highnesse hath committed vnto vs to be spoken vnto you on his highnesse behalfe And to saie to you as of my selfe concerning the iustnesse of the kings cause as I haue heretofore said I shall now repeat and rehearse againe vnto your grace which is that your grace being knowne by prince Arthur ye be not lawfull wife to the kings highnesse our souereigne lord in my conscience This speach ended others of the companie vsed their persuasorie talke to the quéene whose words notwithstanding did so little mooue hir that she stood stiffelie in hir first opinion that she was his true and lawfull wife and from the same would not by anie meanes be remooued The priests of London being called afore the bishop that would haue had them contributaries to the paiment of the hundred thousand pounds granted to the king for his pardon of the premunire kept such a stir in breaking into the chapiter house where the bishop sat all at once and striking and buffeting the bishops seruants which gaue them euill language that the bishop was faine to giue them his blessing and suffer them to depart in quiet for that time But after vpon complaint made to the lord chancellor diuerse of them and of their partakers were arrested and committed to prison to the number of fifteéne priests and fiue laie men some to the Tower and some to the Fleet and to other places where they remained long after ¶ Thomas Bilneie bachellor of law was line 10 burnt at Norwich the ninteenth of August and the fourth of December sir Rées Griffin was beheaded at the Tower hill and his man named Iohn Hewes was drawne to Tiburne and there hanged and quartered The fiue and twentith of Maie beteene London and Grauesend were taken two great fishes called whorlepooles male and female ¶ In this season there was in the realme much preaching one lerned man holding against another namelie in the matter of line 20 the kings mariage After Christmas the parlement began to sit againe year 1532 in the which the commons found themselues sore gréeued with the crueltie of ordinaries that called men before them Ex officio At length a booke was drawne of all the griefes of the commons for the cruell demeanor of the cleargie and the same deliuered to th◠K. by the speaker humblie beséeching him in the name of all the commons to take such direction therein as to his high wisedome might séeme most expedient The king answered line 30 that he would take aduise and heare the partie accused speake He was not so readie to gratifie the commons in their requests as some thought that he would haue béene if they had not sticked and refused to passe a statute which he had sent to them touching wards and primer seasons After this was the parlement proroged till
approching towards them sent vnto them the kings maiesties proclamation the effect whereof was that all such persons as were vnlawfullie assembled and did not within thrée daies next after the proclaming thereof yéeld and submit themselues to the lord priuie seale the kings lieutenant they should from thenceforth be déemed accepted and taken for rebels against his roiall person and his imperiall crowne and dignitie And further the kings maiestie for a more terrour to the rebels and the incouragement of such other his louing subiects as should helpe and aid to apprehend anie of the said rebels he by his said proclamation granted and gaue all the offices fées goods and possessions which the said rebels had at and before their apprehension This proclamation notwithstanding the rebels continued in their wicked deuises traitorous purposes hastening to the hazzards of their owne deaths vndooings as the poet saith of the foolish fish swiming to the hidden hooke Occultum visus decurrere piscis ad hamum Wherevpon yet once againe the kings maiestie for the auoiding of the shedding of christian bloud sent vnto them a most gentle and louing message in writing thereby to reduce them againe to their dutifull obedience but all would not serue nor auaile to mooue their obstinate minds to leaue off their desperate and diuelish enterprise The message was as followeth The kings message to the rebels of Cornewall and Deuonshire ALthough knowledge hath beene giuen to vs and our deerest vncle the duke of Summerset gouernor of our person and protector of all our realms dominions and subiects and to the rest of our priuie councell of diuerse assemblies made by you which ought of dutie to be our louing subiects against all order of law and otherwise than euer anie louing or kind subiects haue attempted against their naturall and liege souereigne lord yet we haue thought it méet at this verie first time not to condemne and reiect you as we might iustlie doo but to vse you as our subiects thinking that the diuell hath not that power in you to make you of naturall borne Englishmen so suddenlie to become enimies to your owne natiue countrie of our subiects to make you traitors or vnder pretense to relieue your selues to destroie your selues your wiues children lands possessions and all other commodities of this your life This we saie that we trust that although ye be ignorantlie seduced ye will not be vpon knowledge obstinate And though some amongst you as euer there is some cockle amongst good corne forget God neglect line 10 their prince estéeme not the state of the realme but as carelesse desperat men delite in sedition tumults wars yet neuerthelesse the greater part of you will heare the voice of vs your naturall prince and will by wisedome and counsell be warned and cease your euils in the beginning whose ends will be euen by God almighties order your owne destruction Wherfore as to you our subiects by ignorance seduced we speake and be content to vse our princelie authoritie like a father to his children to admonish line 20 you of your faults not to punish them to put you in remembrance of your duties not to auenge your forgetfulnesse First your disorder to rise in multitudes to assemble your selues against our other louing subiects to arraie your selues to the war who amongst you all can answer for the same to almightie God charging you to obeie vs in all things Or how can anie English good hart answer vs our lawes and the rest of our verie louing and faithfull subiects who in deed by their obedience make our line 30 honour estate and degrée Ye vse our name in your writings and abuse the same against our selfe What iniurie herein doo you vs to call those which loue vs to your euill purposes by the authoritie of our name God hath made vs your king by his ordinance and prouidence by our bloud and inheritance by lawfull succession and our coronation but not to this end as you vse our name We are your most naturall souereigne lord king Edward the sixt to rule you to preserue you to saue line 40 you from all your outward enimies to sée our lawes well ministred euerie man to haue his owne to suppresse disordered people to correct traitors théeues pirats robbers such like yea to keepe our realms from other princes from the malice of the Scots of Frenchmen of the bishop of Rome Thus good subiects our name is written thus it is honored and obeied this maiestie it hath by Gods ordinance not by mans So that of this your offense we cannot write too much And yet doubt not but this is inough line 50 from a prince to all reasonable people from a roiall king to all kindharted louing subiects frō the puissant K. of England to euerie naturall Englishman Your pretense which you saie moueth you to doo thus and wherewith you séeke to excuse this disorder we assure you is either false or so vaine that we doubt not that after that ye shall hereby vnderstand the truth thereof ye will all with one voice acknowlege your selues ignorantlie led and by errour seduced And if there be anie one that will not then assure line 60 you the same be ranke traitors enimies of our crowne seditious people heretikes papists or such as care not what cause they haue to prouoke an insurrection so they may doo it nor in deed can wax so rich with their owne labors with peace as they can doo with spoiles with wars with robberies and such like yea with the spoile of your owne goods with the liuing of your labors the sweat of your bodies the food of your owne households wiues and children such they be as for a time vse pleasant persuasions to you and in the end will cut your throtes for your owne goods You be borne in hand that your children though necessitie chance shall not be christened but vpon the holie daies how false this is learne you of vs. Our booke which we haue set foorth by free consent of our whole parlement in the English toong teacheth you the contrarie euen in the first leafe yea the first side of the first leafe of that part which intreateth of baptisme Good subiects for to other we speake not looke be not deceiued They which haue put this false opinion into your eares they meane not the christening of children but the destruction of you our christened subiects Be this knowne vnto you that our honor is so much that we may not be found faultie of one iote or word proue it if by our laws you may not christen your children when ye be disposed vpon necessitie euerie daie or houre in the wéeke then might you be offended but seeing you may doo it how can you beléeue them that teach you the contrarie What thinke you they meane in the rest which moue you to breake your obedience against vs your king souereigne
maister Brooke still cried vpon them for answer line 20 At the last stepped vp a wise and good citizen named as maister Fox saith George Stadlow and said thus In this case it is good for vs to thinke of things past to auoid the danger of things to come I remember saith he in a storie written in Fabians chronicle of the warre betwéene the king and his barons which was in the time of king Henrie the third and the same time the barons as our lords doo now commanded aid of the maior and citie of London line 30 and that in a rightfull cause for the common-weale which was for the execution of diuerse good lawes wherevnto the king before had giuen his consent and after would not suffer them to take place and the citie did aid the lords Now it came to an open battell wherein the lords preuailed and tooke the king and his sonne prisoners and vpon certeine conditions the lords restored againe the king and his sonne to their liberties And among all other conditions this was one that the king should not onelie line 40 grant his pardon to the lords but also to the citizens of London which was granted yea and the same ratified by act of parlement But what followed Was it forgotten No suerlie nor yet forgiuen during the kings life The liberties of the citie were taken awaie strangers appointed to be our heads and gouernours the citizens giuen awaie bodie and goods and from one persecution to another were most miserablie afflicted such it is to enter into the wrath of a prince as Salomon saith The wrath and indignation of a prince is death Wherefore forsomuch line 50 as this aid is required of the kings maiestie whose voice we ought to hearken vnto for he is our high shepheard rather than vnto the lords and yet I would not wish the lords to be clearlie shaken off but that they with vs and we with them may ioine in sute and make our most humble petition to the kings maiestie that it would please his highnesse to heare such complaint against the gouernement of the lord protector as may be iustlie alledged and prooued And I doubt not but this matter will be so pacified line 60 that neither shall the king nor yet the lords haue cause to séeke for further aid neither we to offend anie of them both After this tale the commons staied and the lord maior his brethren for that time brake vp and afterward communed with the lords The lords sat the next daie in councell in the Star chamber and from thence they sent sir Philip Hobbie with their letters of credence to the kings maiestie beséeching his highnesse to giue credit to that which the said Philip should declare vnto his maiestie in their names the king gaue him libertie to speake and most gentlie heard all that he had to saie And trulie he did so wiselie declare his message and so grauelie told his tale in the name of the lords yea therewithall so vehementlie and gréeuouslie against the protector who was also there present by the king that in the end the lord protector was commanded from the kings presence and shortlie was committed to ward in a tower within the castell of Windsore called Beauchamps tower And soone after were staied sir Thomas Smith sir Michaell Stanhope and sir Iohn Thin knights master Whalleie master Fisher Woolfe of the priuie chamber Graie of Reading and diuers other gentlemen that attended vpon the lord protector And the same daie the lords of the councell came to Windsore to the king and the next daie they brought from thence the lord protector and the other that were there staied and conueied them through the citie of London with as much woonderment as might be vnto the tower where they remained prisoners ¶ Touching the manner of the dukes comming to the tower from Windsore I find that it was on the fouretéenth of October in the after noone at which time he was brought on horssebacke through Holburne in at Newgate and so to the tower of London accompanied with diuerse lords and gentlemen with thrée hundred horsse the lord maior sir Rafe Warren sir Iohn Gresham maister recorder sir William Locke and both the shiriffes and other knights sitting on their horsses against Soper lane with all the officers with halberds and from Holburne bridge to the tower certeine aldermen or their deputies on horssebacke in euerie street with a number of housholders standing with billes as he passed Shortlie after the lords resorted to the tower and there charged the protector with sundrie articles as followeth Articles obiected against the lord protector IN primis you tooke vpon you the office of a protector and gouernour vpon condition expresselie and speciallie that you would doo nothing in the kings affaires publikelie or priuatlie but by the assent of the late kings executors 2 Also you contrarie to the said condition of your owne authoritie did staie and let iustice and subuerted the lawes as well by your letters as by your commandements 3 Also you caused diuerse persons being arested and imprisoned for treason murther manslaughter and felonie to be discharged and set at large against the kings lawes and statutes of this realme 4 Also you haue made and ordeined lieutenants for the kings armies and other weightie affaires vnder your owne writing and seale 5 Also you haue communed with the ambassadors of other realmes discoursing alone with them in the weightie causes of this realme 6 Also you haue sometime rebuked checked and tawnted as well priuatlie as openlie diuerse of the kings most honorable councellors for shewing and declaring their aduises and opinions against your purposes in the kings weightie affaires saieng somtimes to them that you néed not to open matters vnto them and would therefore be otherwise aduised and that you would if they were not agréeable to your opinion put them out and take other at your pleasure 7 Also you had and held against the law in your owne house a court of requests and thereby did inforce diuerse the kings subiects to answer for their free holds and goods and determined the same to the subuersion of the same lawes 8 Also you being no officer without the aduise of the councell or the more part of them did dispose of the offices of the kings gift for monie and granted leases and wards of the kings and gaue presentations to the kings benefices and bishopriks hauing no authoritie so to doo And further you did meddle with the selling of the kings lands 9 Also you commanded multiplication and alcumistrie to be practised to abuse the kings coine line 10 10 Also you caused a proclamation to be made concerning inclosures whereby the common people haue made diuerse insurrections and leuied open war and distreined and spoiled diuerse of the kings subiects which proclamation went foorth against the will of the whole councell 11 Also you haue caused a commission
learned councell grieuouslie inueie against the cruell bloudie lawes of king Henrie the eight and against some lawes made in my late souereigne lord and masters time king Edward the sixt Some termed them Dracos lawes which were written in bloud some said they were more intollerable than anie laws that Dionysius or anie other tyrant made In conclusion as manie men so manie bitter tearmes and names those lawes had And moreouer the preface of the same statute dooth recite that for words onelie manie great personages and others of good behauiour haue béene most cruellie cast awaie by these former sanguinolent thirstie lawes with manie other suggestions for the repeale of the same And now let vs put on indifferent eies and throughlie consider with our selues as you the iudges handle the constructions of the statute of Edward the third with your equitie and extentions whether we be not in much woorse case now than we were when those cruell laws yoked vs. These lawes albeit they were grieuous and captious yet they had the verie propertie of a law after saint Paules description For those lawes did admonish vs and discouer our sinnes plainelie vnto vs when a man is warned he is halfe armed These lawes as they be handled be verie baits to catch vs onlie prepared for the same and no laws for at the first sight they ascerteine vs we be deliuered from our old bondage and by the late repeale the last parlement we liue in more securitie But when it pleaseth the higher powers to call anie mans life and saiengs in question then there be constructions interpretations and extentions reserued to the iustices and iudges equitie that the partie triable as I am now shall find himselfe in much woorse case than before when those cruell lawes stood in force Thus our amendment is from Gods blessing into the warme sunne But I require you honest men which are to trie my life consider these opinions of my life iudges be rather agréeable to the time than to the truth for their iudgements be repugnant to their owne principle repugnant to their godlie and best learned predecessors opinions repugnant I saie to the prouiso in the statute of repeale made in the last parlement Master Throckmorton quiet your selfe and it shall be the better for you Master atturnie I am not so vnquiet as you be and yet our cases are not alike but bicause I am so tedious to you and haue long troubled this presence it maie please my lord chiefe iustice to repeat the euidence wherewith I am charged and my answers to all the obiections if there be no other matter to laie against me ¶ Then the chiefe iustice remembred particularlie all the depositions and euidences giuen against the line 10 prisoner and either for want of good memorie or good will the prisoners answers were in part not recited wherevpon the prisoner craued indifferencie and did helpe the iudges old memorie with his owne recitall My masters of the iurie you haue to inquire whether sir Nicholas Throckmorton knight here prisoner at the barre be giltie of these treasons or anie of them whereof he hath beene indicted and this daie arreigned yea or no. And if you find him giltie you line 20 shall inquire what lands tenements goods and cattels he had at the daie of his treasons committed or at anie time since and whether he fled for the treasons or no if you find him not giltie Haue you said what is to be said Yea for this time Then I praie you giue me leaue to speake a few words to the iurie The weight and grauitie of my cause hath greatlie occasioned me to trouble you here long and therfore I mind not to interteine you here long with anie prolix oration you perceiue notwithstanding line 30 this daie great contention betwixt the iudges and the quéenes learned councell on the one partie and me the poore and wofull prisoner on the other partie The triall of our whole controuersie the triall of my innocencie the triall of my life lands and goods and the destruction of my posteritie for euer dooth rest in your good iudgements And albeit manie this daie haue greatlie inueied against me the finall determination thereof is transferred onelie to you How grieuous horrible the shedding of line 40 innocents bloud is in the sight of almightie God I trust you doo remember Therefore take héed I saie for Christs sake doo not defile your consciences with such heinous notable crimes They be grieuouslie and terriblie punished as in this world and vale of miserie vpon the childrens children to the third and fourth generation and in the world to come with euerlasting fire and damnation Lift vp your minds to God and care not too much for the world looke not line 50 backe to the fleshpots of Aegypt which will allure you from heauenlie respects to worldlie securitie and can thereof neither make you anie suertie Beléeue I praie you the queene and hir magistrats be more delighted with fauourable equitie than with rash crueltie And in that you be all citizens I will take my leaue of you with S. Paules farewell to the Ephesians citizens also you be whom he tooke to record that he was pure from sheding anie bloud a speciall token doctrine left for your instruction line 60 that euerie of you maie wash his hands of innocents bâ—oud shed when you shall take your leaue of this wretched world The holie ghost be amongest you Come hither sergeant take the iurie with you and suffer no man to come at them but to be ordered as the law appointeth vntill they be agreed vpon their verdict It may please you my lords and maisters which be commissioners to giue order that no person haue accesse or conference with the iurie neither that any of the quéenes learned councell be suffered to repaire to them or to talke with anie of them vntill they present themselues here in open court to publish their verdict ¶ Upon the prisoners sute on this behalfe the bench gaue order that two seargeants were sworne to suffer no man to repaire to the iurie vntill they were agreed according vnto order Wherevpon then the prisoner was by commandement of the bench withdrawne from the barre and the court adiourned vntill thrée of the clocke at afternoone at which houre the coÌ„missioners returned to the Guild-hall and there did tarie vntill the iurie were agréed vpon the verdict And about fiue of the clocke their agréement being aduertised to the commissioners the said prisoner sir Nicholas Throckmorton was aâ—â—ine brought to the barre where also the iurie did 〈◊〉 and being demanded whether they were agréed vpon their verdict answered vniuersallie with one voice Yea. Then it was asked who should speake for them they answered Whetston the foreman Nicholas Throckmorton knight hold vp thy hand Then the prisoner did so vpon the summons You that be of the iurie looke vpon
house in the west parts of England deane of Chichester departed this life in Germanie where he liued in exile about the latter end of quéen Maries reigne Cutbert Tunstall bishop first of London and after of Durham borne in Lancashire of a right worshipfull familie excellentlie learned as by his workes it may appeare doctor of both the lawes departed this life in the yeare 1559. Richard Sampson bishop of Couentrie Lichfield wrote certeine treatises departed this life 1555. Lucas Shepherd borne in Colchester in Essex an English poet Iane Dudleie daughter vnto Henrie Greie duke of Suffolke wrote diuerse things highlie to hir commendation of whome yée haue heard more before héere in this historie William Thomas a Welshman borne of whome yée haue likewise heard how he suffered for treason wrote the historie of Italie and other things verie eloquentlie Iames Brookes a doctor of diuinitie Iohn Standish a doctor likewise of the same profession great defenders of the popes doctrine as by their workes appeareth William Perine a blacke line 10 frier by profession and a doctor also of diuinitie wrote in defense of the masse and preached sermons which were printed of like stuffe Iohn Baret borne in Lin a doctor of diuinitie and sometime a Carmelit frier but reuolting from the popes religion he became an earnest setter foorth of the gospell but eftsoones he fell off and returned to his former opinions now in the daies of quéene Marie Henrie lord Stafford sonne to Edward duke of Buckingham amongst other things which he wrote he translated a booke out of Latine into English intituled Vtriusque potestatis differentia that is The difference betwixt the two powers which booke as some thinke was first compiled and set foorth by Edward Fox bishop of Hereford Iohn Hopkins translated diuerse psalmes of the psalter into English méeter which are to be found amongst those appointed to be sung in the churches of England Thus farre the troublesome reigne of Queene Marie the first of that name God grant she may be the last of hir religion eldest daughter to king Henrie the eight The peaceable and prosperous regiment of blessed Queene Elisabeth second daughter to king Henrie the eight AFter all the stormie tempestuous and blustering windie weather of quéene Marie was ouerblowne the darkesome clouds of discomfort dispersed the palpable fogs and mists of most intollerable miserie consumed and the line 10 dashing showers of persecution ouerpast it pleased God to send England a calme and quiet season a cleare and louelie sunshine a quâ—tsest from former broiles of a turbulent estate and a world of blessings by good quéene Elisabeth into whose gratious reigne we are now to make an happie entrance as followeth When true knowledge was had that quéene Marie was deceased who left hir life in this world the seuentéenth daie of Nouember as is before mentioned line 20 in the latter end of hir historie in the time of a parlement the lords that were assembled in the vpper house being resolued according to the lawes of the land to declare the ladie Elisabeth sister to the said quéene to be verie true and lawfull heire to the crowne of England sent immediatlie to the speaker of the parlement willing him with the knights and burgesses of the neather house without delaie to repaire vnto them into the vpper house for their assents in a case of great importance Who being line 30 come thither after silence made as the maner is the archbishop of Yorke chancellor of England whose name was Nicholas Heth doctor in diuinitie stood vp and pronounced in effect these words following The cause of your calling hither at this time is to signifie vnto you that all the lords here present are certeinlie certified that God this present morning hath called to his mercie our late souereigne ladie queene Marie Which hap as it is most heauie and line 40 gréeuous vnto vs so haue we no lesse cause another waie to reioise with praise to almightie God for that he hath left vnto vs a true lawfull and right inheritrice to the crowne of this realme which is the ladie Elisabeth second daughter to our late souereigne lord of noble memorie king Henrie the eight and sister to our said late quéene of whose most lawfull right and title in the succession of the crowne thanks be to God we néed not to doubt Wherefore the lords of this house haue determined with your assents and line 50 consents to passe from hence into the palace and there to proclame the said ladie Elisabeth quéene of this realme without further tract of time Whereto the whole house answered with euident appearance of ioy God saue quéene Elisabeth long may quéene Elisabeth reigne ouer vs. And so this present parlement being dissolued by the act of God the said lords immediatlie calling vnto them the kings and principall heralds at armes went into the palace of Westminster and directlie before the hall doore in the foore noone of the same daie after seuerall soundings of trumpets made in most solemne maner proclamed the new quéene by this name and title Elisabeth by the grace of God queene of England France and Ireland defender of the faith c to the great comfort and reioising of the people as by their maners and countenances well appeared After which proclamation made at Westminster the said lords to wit the duke of Norffolke the lord treasuror the earle of Oxford and diuerse other lords and bishops with all spéed repaired into the citie of London where the like proclamation was made in the presence of them and also of the lord maior and aldermen in their scarlet gowns at the crosse in Cheape with no lesse vniuersall ioy and thanksgiuing to God of all the hearers And so our most gratious souereigne ladie queene Elisabeth began hir happie reigne ouer this realme of England to the great comfort and gladnesse of all estates christianlie minded and disposed vpon the foresaid seuentéenth day of Nouember lux haec venerabilis Anglis Haec est illa dies albo signando lapillo saith the poet in the yeare after the creation of the world fiue thousand fiue hundred twentie and fiue year 1558 after the birth of our sauiour one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and eight of the empire of Ferdinando the first emperor of Rome bearing that name the first in the twelfe yeare of the reigne of Henrie the second of that name French king and in the sixtéenth yeare of the reigne of Marie quéene of Scotland On wednesdaie the three and twentith of Nouember the quéenes maiestie remooued from Hatfield vnto the Charter house in London where she lodged in the lord Norths house in which remoouing and comming thus to the citie it might well appeare how comfortable hir presence was to them that went to receiue hir on the waie and likewise to the great multitudes of people that came abroad to sée hir grace shewing their reioising harts in
of men haue to deale with in this world This noble erle was of great wisedome deepe iudgement graue consideration and so blessed with vnderstanding experience and manifold vertues and gifts of God that he was right worthie to serue hir maiestie in princelie and weightie affaires both in warre and peace He was of such prudent and excellent discretion that he had a speciall grace to interteine all states of men superiour equall and inferiour with such comelinesse and decencie that for ciuilitie line 10 humanitie maners and honorable behauior he was a paterne and an example for nobilitie to imitate and to follow In his youth he bestowed not the time in vanitie idlenesse or voluptuousnesse but in atchiuing and winning of such sciences properties and vertues which might beautifie and increase his nobilitie and preuailed therin so effectuallie that be became excellent in all kinds of knowledge and qualities méet commendable or necessarie for a man of honour Concerning diuine matters I haue line 20 in my time conferred with his lordship and therefore can saie somewhat therein and amongst others one thing is notable which in conference I receiued at his mouth He affirmed this in effect that there was nothing in the world that could blemish and abase the heroicall nature of nobilitie so much as to haue the eies of vnderstanding so closed and shut vp that a man in honour should not be able to discerne betwixt true religion and the hypocriticall false religion betwixt the right worshipping of God idolatrie line 30 betwixt the traditions of men and Gods word but remaine subiect to lies and superstition and to call bad good and good bad and concluded that to be frée from this seruile state was a necessarie point of true nobilitie He therefore in his time had diligentlie trauelled in the scriptures and so furnished himselfe with principles of christian religion that he was able readilie to discerne sermons and disputations and to find out who had veritie on their side and also probablie line 40 to speake with authoritie of scripture in matters of controuersie His vnderstanding by the especiall worke of the holie ghost was so illumined that he claue drew to true christian religion as the adamant stone cleaueth and draweth to stéele His lordship therefore furthered and fauoured all preachers of Gods word so that whosoeuer will iudge of the successe of Christs religion by humane reason must confesse that the gospell hath lost a mightie protector and an earnest defender But God in setting out of his line 50 word vseth to worke beside the expectation of man and beyond the reach of reason I haue yet further to speake of his lordship that I beléeue there be verie few noble men in England more readie and expert in chronicles histories genealogies and pedegrées of noble men and noble houses not onlie within the realme but also in forren realmes than this noble earle was in his time He excelled in describing and blasing of armes and in all skill perteining thereto and to be short his vnderstanding and capacitie was line 60 so liuâ—lie and effectuall that it reached to all kind of matters that a perfect nobleman shall haue to deale withall in this world Fortitude is another founteine from whense nobilitie floweth of Cicero In Tusculanis quaestionibus thus defined Est affectio animi qua grauia patiendo legibus obteÌ„peratur It is an affection of the mind whereby to satisfie the lawes a man is content to suffer hardnesse he meaneth mans lawes and not Gods law It séemeth therefore that it may be thus more euidentlie and fullie defined Fortitude is an affection of the mind wherby a man is made hardie and couragious to suffer difficulties and dangers auoiding on the one side rashnesse expelling on the other side feare to performe that which Gods law and honestie prescribeth and commandeth Although by this definition we find that the effect of fortitude resteth much in banishing of feare of bodilie hurts yet dooth it agrée verie well with the feare of God Iethro therefore counselling Moses to choose men to gouerne vnder him saith Prospice viros fortes timentes Deum Séeke out men indued with fortitude fearing God c. Whereby we perceiue that fortitude and the feare of God varie not but are linked togither Déepe was the floud of nobilitie that this valiant earle had fetched out of this founteine For in this togither with the well of prudence he found that excellent knowledge of chiualrie the cunning to lead an armie to guide and to rule soldiors that experience of stratagems warlike policies that notable magnanimitie and inuincible courage whereby he indured and ouercame so manie dangers and perils for the which he is renowmed in England and Ireland and shall neuer be forgotten He was by nature the sonne of Mars and by practising feats of war and exercise aforehand he had made himselfe in manner a perfect warrior afore that euer he came to the wars and was for prowesse magnanimitie and high corage to be compared to the old Romane capteins that be so much in stories commended This fortitude is no lesse necessarie for nobilitie in time of peace than in time of war For it belongeth vnto them to minister iustice betwixt partie and partie without respect of persons which cannot be performed without the assistance of this vertue I haue good cause to thinke of this noble earle that there was no subiect in England that could feare or corrupt him from executing of iustice He was to the proud and arrogant a lion and to the méeke and humble a lambe neither is there anie contrarietie in this for true nobilitie discerneth a due and conuenient time and place to vse both the one and the other Iustice is the third well of nobilitie it is a constant and a perpetuall will to giue euerie man his owne This is a diuine vertue pretious and commendable in all men and especiallie in the nobilitie who by reason of authoritie may doo iniurie without remedie for the same We sée by experience that great is the number of them that would oppresse if they had authoritie we see also the iniuries that are doone dailie by them that haue colour of authoritie be it neuer so simple But examine the life of this earle who will and I beléeue there is no man liuing that can iustlie complaine of anie iniurie or wrong doone by him I once in my time heard him not a litle offended with one of his men that was complained vpon saieng that his seruant could doo him no greater dishonor than by pretense of his authoritie to doo anie poore man wrong Iob in the time of his authoritie wealth was commended to be a iust a righteous man And in the explication of part of that iustice Iob hath these words Fui oculus caeco vice pedum claudo c I was the eies to the blind and I
like a fether being hollow with one eare growing on the lower part of the chéeke his bellie big and hard the armes big hauing fiue fingers and a thumbe on either hand and in place of toes on the left foot fiue fingers and a thumbe on the right foot a thumbe and seuen fingers in the place of priuitie the shape both of male female a strange sight to be seene and I feare signifieth our monstrous line 50 life which God for his mercie giue vs grace to amend without procrastination or putting off from daie to daie as the poet significantlie saith Cras vultis sed vult hodie vindex Deus cras Aut non vult aut vos obruet atra dies The eight daie of October immediatlie after the new moone there appeared a blasing star in the south bushing toward the east which was nightlie séene the aier being cléere more than two moneths The eighteenth of October were made eight sergeents line 60 at law to wit William Fléetwood recorder of London Edward Flowerdue Thomas Snag William Periam Robert Halton Iohn Clench Iohn Pickering Thomas Warmsleie maister Snag before named was sicke and therefore was sworne in his chamber at Greies inne the other seuen were sworne at Westminster and held their feast at the new Temple at London The quéenes maiestie being informed that in sundrie places of this realme certeine persons secretlie taught damnable heresies contrarie to diuers principall articles of our beléefe and christian faith who to colour their sect named themselues the familie of loue and then as manie as were allowed by them to be of that familie to be elect and saued and all others of â—hat church soeuer they be to be reiected and damned And for that vpon conuenting of some of them before the bishops ordinaries it was found that the ground of their sect is mainteined by certeine lewd hereticall and seditious books first made in the Dutch toong and lastlie translated into English and printed beyond the seas secretlie brought ouer into the realme the author whereof they name H. N. c. And considering also it is found that those sectaries held opinion that they may before anie magistrat or ecclesiasticall or temporall or anie other person not being professed to be of their sect by oth or otherwise denie anie thing for their aduantage so as though manie of them are well knowne to be teachers and spreaders abroad of these dangerous and damnable sects yet by their owne confession they can not be condemned Therefore hir maiestie being verie sorie to sée so great an euill by malice of the diuell to be brought into this hir realme and by hir bishops and ordinaries she vnderstandeth it verie requisit not onelie to haue those dangerous heretiks and sectaries to be seuerelie punished but that also all other meanes be vsed by hir maiesties roiall authoritie which is giuen hir of God to defend Christs church to root them out from further infecting of hir realme she hath thought méet and conuenient and so by hir proclamation commandeth that all hir officers and ministers temporall shall in all their seuerall vocations assist the bishops of hir realme and all other person to search out all persons dulie suspected to be either teachers or professors of the foresaid damnable sects and by all good meanes to proceed seuerelie against them being found culpable by order of the lawes ecclesiasticall or temporall and that all search be made in all places suspected for the books and writings mainteining the said heresies and sects and them to destroie and burne c as more at large may appéere by the said proclamation giuen at Richmond the third of October and proclamed at London on the ninetéenth daie of the same moneth About this time there arriued vpon the west coast of Ireland a certeine companie of Italians and Spaniards sent by the pope to the aid of the earle of Desmond in his rebellion which fortified themselues stronglie néere vnto Smerwike in a fort which they called castell del Ore there erecting the popes banner against hir maiestie Which when the lord Greie of Wilton deputie of Ireland vnderstood he marched thitherward and on the sixt of Nouember hearing of the arriuall of the Swift the Tigre the Aid the Merlion other of the quéenes maiesties ships and also of thrée barks fraughted from Corke and Limerike with vittels on the morrow after marched towards the fort vnto the which he gaue so hot an assault that on the ninth of Nouember the same was yéelded all the Irishmen and women hanged and more than foure hundred Spaniards Italians and Biscaies put to the sword the coronell capteins secretarie and others to the number of twentie saued for ransome In which fortresse was found good store of monie bisket bakon oile wine and diuerse other prouisions of vittels sufficient for their companie for halfe a yeare besides armour powder shot and other furniture for two thousand men and vpwards The eight and twentith daie of Nouember were arreigned in the kings bench William Randoll for coniuring to know where treasure was hid in the earth and goods felloniouslie taken were become Thomas Elks Thomas Lupton Rafe Spacie and Christopher Waddington for being present aiding and procuring the said Randoll to the coniuration aforesaid Randoll Elks Spacie and Waddington were found guiltie had iudgement to be hanged Randoll was executed the other were repriued About the 24 of December in the town of Walsham in the countie of Sussex a child of eleuen yéers old named William Withers laie in a trance for the space of ten daies without anie sustenance and at the last comming to himselfe he vttered to the standers by manie strange spéeches inueieng against pride couetousnesse coldnesse of charitie and other line 10 outragious sins To behold this child there resorâ—â—d diuerse godlie zelous preachers as also knights esquiers gentlemen all of them hearing and séeing that which was woonderfull And among others that came thither there was a gentleman of great credit and worship with certeine of his men to heare and behold the child who hauing espied a seruingman that had béene there with his maister two times whom he had sharplie tawnted for his great and monstrous ruffes spake vnto him verie vehementlie line 20 and told him that it were better for him to put on sackecloth and mourne for his sinnes than in such abhominable pride to pranke vp himselfe like the diuels darling the verie father of pride and lieng who sought by the exercise of that damnable sinne to make himselfe a preie to euerlasting torments in helfire Wherevpon the seruingman as one prickt in conscience sore sorowed and wept for his offense rent the band from his necke tooke a knife and cut it in péeces and vowed neuer to weare the like againe line 30 This for the strangenesse thereof will be condemned as a lie speciallie of vnbeléeuers and peruers
verie glad when they vnderstood of your highnesse happie arriuall in the I le of Walkeren as they haue caused to be verie largelie and with all humilitie and reuerence shewed vnto you by their deputies sent to your highnesse for the same purpose But now forsomuch as they sée your highnesse not onelie arriued in the countrie of Brabant but also receiued for duke and for their prince and lord their fore-conceiued ioie is greatlie increased and made fullie perfect trusting that by this your comming there will once insue an end of the desolations calamities and miseries whereinto the countrie hath béene brought by the vniust gouernement past and by the more vniust and wrongfull warre which the enimies hold yet still to bring the whole countrie to destruction with all maner of calamities and oppressions which they are able to deuise And therfore they giue your highnesse most humble thanks for the paines trauell which you haue vouchsafed to take to come into this countrie yeelding infinitelie like thanks vnto God for that he hath giuen sent them such a prince as not onelie is of abilitie and power but also is verie willing and well disposed to defend them from all enimies to rule and gouerne them with all good policie iustice according to the priuileges lawes and customs of the countrie For although they be ioined in league with the rest of the states of Brabant and generallie with all the states of the low countries that they haue all entred into armes iointlie togither yet their so dooing hath not béene to exempt and withdraw themselues from the iust gouernement of their lord and prince but onlie to mainteine their ancient liberties lawes and priuileges that being gouerned according to the same they might liue with all dutifull obedience in good rest peace and tranquillitie The full accomplishment of which their desires they thinke themselues to haue most happilie obteined sith it hath pleased God of his infinit grace mercie to put into your highnesse heart to take vpon you the souereigntie of these low countries the dukedome of Brabant the citie of Antwerpe and the marquesship of the sacred empire For séeing that God hath stirred them vp so great a prince the brother of a mightie king they haue no doubt at all but that your highnesse will by Gods grace soone find means to deliuer these countries from the wretched warres wherein they haue béene so long plunged The markegraue amptman boroughmaisters skepons and other members of this citie thinke it not expedient to repeat the causes of the warre and the equitie of the case whereon they stand forsomuch as it hath diuerse times heretofore béene discussed largelie enough by the generall estates and moreouer béene notablie knowne to the world and manie waies allowed by your highnesse Yet againe therfore with all humble submission and reuerence they thanke your highnesse that it hath pleased you to agree vnto them and to promise the maintenance of their priuileges lawes and customs yea and of the articles comprised in the principall composition and in the ioifull entrance into the dutchie of Brabant assuring your highnesse that the people of the citie of Antwerpe and of the marquesship of the holie empire shall be and continue right humble subiects to you euen to the spending of their bodies goods and whatsoeuer else they be able to make for the increasing of your honour and glorie Herevnto his highnesse answered verie gratiouslie that he thanked those noblemen for their good will and affection towards him and that he meant to shew them by his dooings how desirous he was to gouerne and rule the countrie with good policie and iustice And all this he did at large and with verie great grace This doone the said Uanderwerke turning himselfe to the people cried with a lowd voice that his highnesse as duke of Brabant Alanson Aniou Berreie c would be sworne to the citie of Antwerpe and the marquesship of the sacred empire desiring them to praie vnto God that by that so good and solemne deed Gods name might be sanctified the safetie and prosperitie of the countrie procured and the honour and glorie of the said duke increased Then was the oth which his highnesse should take read openlie to the people in the Flemmish toong by the same Uanderwercke Which being doone monsieur the amptman read the same oth to his highnesse in French and his highnesse made and performed the same in his hands which the boroughmaster of the towne of Antwerpe held vp bicause the receiuing of the oth at his hand belonged vnto him Also the said boroughmaster whose name was sir Philip of Schoonehouen knéeling downe before the dukes highnesse at the same time gaue him a gilt keie in token of subiection and that he might dispose line 10 of the citie as of his owne which keie was deliuered againe by his highnes to the boroughmaster to whome he said verie gratiouslie that he assured himselfe that the said boroughmaster and all the burgesses and inhabitants of the citie would kéepe the citie faithfullie for him as they had doone vntill that instant After the finishing and accomplishment of all the said solemnities the heralds of Brabant and Lotricke or in the vulgar Brabant Wallon Lothier line 20 that is to saie Lotharing or the true Lorraine cried with a lowd voice God saue the duke of Brabant And then sounding the trumpets they made a largesse casting a great sort of péeces of gold and siluer among the standers by These péeces were of two sorts the one sort had on the one side the image of the monsieur then duke of Brabant the other sort had on the one side the armes of Aniou Brabant and about the verges was written Francis of line 30 France duke of Brabant On the otherside of them all was a deuise of the sunne with the monsieurs owne inscription Cheriseth and Chaseth which is the monsieurs ordinarie posie Without the towne were three regiments of the citizens to the number of a thrée thousand men in order of battell who made a goodlie shew with their faire armours and their ensignes displaied And they neuer went out of their place vntill all the ceremonies were dispatched and that his highnesse was gone into the citie Besides line 40 these there was an infinit number of people in the citie whereof manie were strangers who maruelled greatlie at these sights and especiallie the Frenchmen who woondered to see their master in that apparell and spake diuerslie of it as is woont to be doone in matters that are new and erst vnséene But when they vnderstood how it was the dukelie apparell and that he wore it as a representation of antiquitie the like whereof is worne yet still by the electors of the sacred empire in their great ceremonies they were astonished and thought him to be a prince of more line 50 statelie countenance and maiestie than afore in somuch
these sort are for their contrarie opinions in religion prosecuted or charged with anie crimes or paines of treason nor yet willinglie searched in their consciences for their contrarie opinions that sauour not of treason And of these sorts there haue béene and are a number of persons not of such base and vulgar note as those which of late haue beene executed as in particular some by name are well knowne and not vnfit to be remembred The first and chiefest by office was doctor Heth that was archbishop of Yorke and lord chancellor of England in quéene Maries time who at the first comming of hir maiestie to the crowne shewing himselfe a faithfull and quiet subiect continued in both the said offices though in religion then manifestlie differing and yet was he not restreined of his libertie nor depriued of his proper lands and goods but leauing willinglie both his offices liued in his owne house verie discréetlie and inioied all his purchased lands during all his naturall life vntill by verie age he departed this world and then left his house and liuing to his friends An example of gentlenesse neuer matched in quéene Maries time The like did one doctor Poole that had béene bishop of Peterborough an ancient graue person and a verie quiet subiect There were also others that had béene bishops and in great estimation as doctor Tunstall bishop of Duresme a person of great reputation and also whilest he liued of verie quiet behauiour There were also other as doctor White doctor Oglethorpe the one of Winchester the other of Carlill bishops persons of courteous natures and he of Carlill so inclined to dutifulnes to the quéenes maiestie as he did the office at the consecration and coronation of hir maiestie in the church of Westminster and doctor Thurlebie doctor Watson yet liuing one of Elie the other of Lincolne bishops the one of nature affable the other altogither sowre and yet liuing Whereto may be added the bishop then of Excester Turberuile an honest gentleman but a simple bishop who liued at his owne libertie to the end of his life and none of all these pressed with anie capitall paine though they mainteined the popes authoritie against the lawes of the realme And some abbats as maister Feckenam yet liuing a person also of quiet and courteous behauiour for a great time Some also were deanes as doctor Boxall deane of Windsore a person of great modestie learning and knowledge doctor Cole deane of Paules a person more earnest than discréet doctor Reinolds deane of Excester not vnlearned and manie such others hauing borne office dignities in the church that had made profession against the pope which they onelie began in queene Maries time to change yet were these neuer to this daie burdened with capitall peanes nor yet depriued of line 10 anie their goods or proper liueloods but onelie remoued from their ecclesiasticall offices which they would not exercise according to the lawes And most of them manie other of their sort for a great time were deteined in bishops houses in verie ciuill and courteous maner without charge to themselues or their friends vntill the time that the pope began by his buls messages to offer trouble to the realme by stirring of rebellion About which time onlie some line 20 of these aforenamed being found busier in matters of state tending to stir troubles than was méete for the common quiet of the realme were remoued to other more priuat places where such other wanderers as were men knowne to moue sedition might be restreined from common resorting to them to increase trouble as the popes bull gaue manifest occasion to doubt and yet without charging them in their consciences or otherwise by anie inquisition to bring them into danger of anie capitall law line 30 so as no one was called to anie capitall or bloudie question vpon matters of religion but haue all inioied their life as the course of nature would and such of them as yet remaine may if they will not be authors or instruments of rebellion or sedition inioie the time that God and nature shall yeeld them without danger of life or member And yet it is woorthie to be well marked that the chiefest of all these and the most of them had in time of king Henrie the eight and king Edward the sixt line 40 either by preaching writing reading or arguing taught all people to condemne yea to abhorre the authoritie of the pope for which purpose they had many times giuen their othes publikelie against the popes authoritie and had also yéelded to both the said kings the title of supreame hed of the church of England next vnder Christ which title the aduersaries doo most falselie write and affirme that the quéenes maiestie now vseth a manifest lie vntruth to be séene by the verie acts of parlement and at the beginning of hir reigne omitted in hir stile And for proofe that line 50 these foresaid bishops and learned men had so long time disauowed the popes authoritie manie of their books and sermons against the popes authoritie remaine printed both in English and Latin to be séene in these times to their great shame and reproofe to change so often but speciallie in persecuting such as themselues had taught and stablished to hold the contrarie A sin neere the sin against the holie ghost There were also and yet be a great number of others line 60 being laie men of good possessions and lands men of good credit in their countries manifestlie of late time seduced to hold contrarie opinions in religion for the popes authoritie and yet none of them haue béene sought hitherto to be impeached in anie point or quarell of treason or of losse of life member or inheritance So as it may plainelie appeare that it is not nor hath béene for contrarious opinions in religion or for the popes authoritie alone as the aduersaries doo boldlie and falslie publish that anie persons haue suffered death since hir maiesties reigne And yet some of these sort are well knowne to hold opinion that the pope ought by authoritie of Gods word to be supreame and onelie head of the catholike church through the whole world and onelie to rule in all causes ecclesiasticall and that the quéenes maiestie ought not to be the gouernour ouer anie hir subiects in hir realme being persons ecclesiasticall which opinions are neuerthelesse in some part by the lawes of the realme punishable in their degrées And yet for none of these points haue anie persons béene prosecuted with the charge of treason or in danger of life And if then it be inquired for what cause these others haue of late suffered death it is trulie to be answered as afore is often remembred that none at all were impeached for treason to the danger of their life but such as did obstinatlie mainteine the contents of the popes bull afore mentioned which doo import that hir maiestie is not
said Henrie the lawfull emperor and in fight hauing lost his right hand he the said Rodulph lamented his case to certeine bishops who in the popes name had erected him vp and to them he said that the selfe same right hand which he had lost was the same hand wherewith he had before sworne obedience to his lord and maister the emperor Henrie and that in following their vngodlie counsels he had brought vpon him Gods heauie and iust iudgements And so Henrie the emperor preuailing by Gods power caused Gregorie the pope by a synod in Italie to be deposed as in like times before him his predecessor Otho the emperor had deposed one pope Iohn for manie heinous crimes so were also within a short time thrée other popes namelie Syluester Bennet and Gregorie the sixt vsed by the emperor Henrie the third about the yeare of our Lord one thousand fortie and seuen for their like presumptuous attempts in temporall actions against the said emperoâ—s Manie other examples might be shewed to the emperors maiestie and the princes of the holie empire now being after the time of Henrie the fourth as of Henrie the fift and Frederike the first and Frederike the second and then of Lewes of Bauar all emperors cruellie and tyrannouslie persecuted by the popes and by their buls cursses and by open wars and likewise to manie other the great kings and monarchs of christendome of their noble progenitors kings of their seuerall dominions Whereby they may sée how this kind of tyrannous autoritie in popes to make warres vpon emperors kings and to command them to be depriued tooke hold at the first by pope Hildebrand though the same neuer had anie lawfull example or warrant from the lawes of God of the old or new testament but yet the successes of their tyrannies were by Gods goodnesse for the most part made frustrat as by Gods goodnesse there is no doubt but the like will followe to their confusions at all times to come And therefore as there is no doubt but the like violent tyrannous procéedings by anie pope in maintenance of traitors and rebels would be withstood by euerie souereigne prince in christendome in defense of their persons and crownes and maintenance of their subiects in peace so is there at this present a like iust cause that the emperors maiestie with the princes of the holie empire and all other souereigne kings princes in christendome should iudge the same to be lawfull for hir maiestie being a quéene and holding the verie place of a king and a prince souereigne ouer diuers kingdoms and nations she being also most lawfullie inuested in hir crowne and as for good gouerning of hir people with such applause and generall allowance loued and obeied of them sauing a few ragged traitors or rebels or persons discontented whereof no other realme is frée as continuallie for these fiue twentie yeares past hath béene notablie séene and so publikelie marked euen by strangers repairing into this realme as it were no cause of disgrace to anie monarch and king in christendome to haue hir maiesties felicitie compared with anie of theirs whatsoeuer and it maie be there are manie kings and princes could be well contented with the fruition of some proportion of hir felicitie And though the popes be now suffered by the emperor in the lands of his owne peculiar patrimonie and by the two great monarchs the French king and the king of Spaine in their dominions and territories although by manie other kings not so allowed to continue his authoritie in sundrie cases and his glorious title to be the vniuersall bishop of the world which title Gregorie the great aboue nine hundred yeares past called a prophane title full of sacrilege and a preamble of antichrist yet in all their dominions kingdoms as also in the realme of England most notablie by manie ancient lawes it is well knowne how manie waies the tyrannous power of this his excessiue authoritie hath béene and still is restreined checked and limited by lawes and pragmatikes both ancient and new both in France and Spaine and other dominions a verie large field for the lawyers of those countries to walke in and discourse And howsoeuer the popes canonists being as his bombarders doo make his excommunications and cursses appeare fearefull to the multitude and simple people yet all great emperors and kings aforetime in their owne cases of their rights and roiall preeminences though the same concerned but a citie or a poore towne and sometime but the not allowance line 10 of some vnworthie person to a bishoprike or to an abbeie neuer refrained to despise all popes cursses or forces but attempted alwaies either by their swords to compell them to desist from their furious actions or without anie feare of themselues in bodie soule or conscience stoutlie to withstand their cursses and that sometime by force sometime by ordinances and lawes the ancient histories whereof are too manie to be repeated and of none more frequent and effectuall than of the kings of France line 20 And in the records of England dooth appeare how stoutlie the kings the baronadie of England from age to age by extreame penall laws haue so repelled the popes vsurpations as with the verie name of premunires his proctors haue béene terrified and his cleargie haue quaked as of late cardinall Woolseie did prooue But leauing those that are ancient we may remember how in this our owne present or late age it hath béene manifestlie seene how the armie of the line 30 late noble emperour Charles the fift father to king Philip that now reigneth was not afraid of his cursses when in the yeare of our Lord 1527 Rome it selfe was besieged and sacked year 1527 and the pope then called Clement and his cardinals to the number of about thirtie and thrée in his mount Adrian or castell S. Angelo taken prisoners and deteined seauen moneths or more and after ransomed by Don Vgo di Moncada a Spaniard and the marquesse of Guasto at aboue foure hundred thousand duckets besides the line 40 ransomes of the cardinals which was much greater hauing not long before time béene also notwithstanding his cursses besieged in the same castell by the familie of the Colonies and their fautors his next neighbours being then imperialists and forced to yeeld to all their demands year 1550 Neither did king Henrie the second of France father to Henrie now king of France about the yeare 1550 feare or regard the pope or his court of Rome when he made seuerall strict edicts against manie parts of the popes claimes in preiudice of the crowne and cleargie of line 50 France retracting the authoritie of the court of Rome greatlie to the hinderance of the popes former profits Neither was the armie of king Philip now of Spaine whereof the duke of Alua was generall striken with anie feare of curssing when it was brought afore Rome against the pope in the yeare of our
iustice of the common plées sir Roger Manwood knight chiefe baron of the excheker sir Thomas Gawdie knight one of the iustices of the plees before hir maiestie to be holden William Pâ—riam one of the iustices of the common plées by vertue of hir maiesties commission to them and others in that behalfe directed the same Parrie was indicted of high treason for intending and practising the death and destruction of hir maiestie whome God long prosper and preserue from all such wicked attempts The tenor of which indictment appeareth more particularlie in the course of his arreignment following The maner of the arreignment of William Parrie the 25 of Februarie 1584 at Westminster in the place where the court commonlie called the Kings bench is vsuallie kept by vertue of hir maiesties commission of oier and terminer before Henrie lord Hunsdon gouernour of Barwike sir Francis Knolles knight treasuror of the queenes maiesties houshold sir Iames Croft knight comptrollor of the same houshold sir Christopher Hatton knight vicechamberleine to hir maiestie sir Christopher Wraie knight chiefe iustice of England sir Gilbert Gerrard knight line 10 master of the rols sir Edmund Anderson knight chiefe iustice of the common plees sir Roger Manwood knight chiefe baron of the excheker and sir Thomas Hennage knight treasuror of the chamber FIrst thrée proclamations for silence were made according to the vsuall course in such cases Then the lieutenant was commanded to returne his precept who did so and brought the prisoner to the bar to whome line 20 Miles Sands esquier clerke of the crowne said William Parrie hold vp thy hand and he did so Then said the clerke of the crowne Thou art here indicted by the oths of twelue good and lawfull men of the countie of Midlesex before sir Christopher Wraie knight and others which tooke the indictment by the name of W. Parrie late of London gentleman otherwise called W. Parrie late of London doctor of the law for that thou as a false traitor against the most noble and christian prince quéene Elisabeth line 30 thy most gratious souereigne and liege ladie not hauing the feare of God before thine eies nor regarding thy due allegiance but being seduced by the instigation of the diuell and intending to withdraw and extinguish the hartie loue and due obedience which true faithfull subiects should beare vnto the same our souereigne ladie diddest at Westminster in the countie of Midlesex on the first daie of Februarie in the six and twentith yeare of hir highnesse reigne and at diuerse other times and places in the same line 40 countie maliciouslie and traitorouslie conspire and compasse not onelie to depriue and depose the same our souereigne ladie of hir roiall estate title and dignitie but also to bring hir highnesse to death and finall destruction and sedition in the realme to make and the gouernement thereof to subuert and the sincere religion of God established in hir highnesse dominions to alter and supplant And that whereas thou William Parrie by thy letters sent vnto Gregorie bishop of Rome diddest signifie vnto the same bishop thy purposes and intentions line 50 aforesaid and thereby diddest praie and require the same bishop to giue thée absolution that thou afterwards that is to saie the last day of March in the six and twentith yeare aforesaid diddest traitorouslie receiue letters from one called cardinall de Como directed vnto thée William Parrie whereby the same cardinall did signifie vnto thée that the bishop of Rome had perused thy letters and allowed of thine intent and that to that end he had absolued line 60 thee of all thy sinnes and by the same letter did animate and stir thée to procéed with thine enterprise and that therevpon thou the last daie of August in the six and twentith yeare aforesaid at saint Giles in the fields in the same countie of Midlesex diddest traitorouslie confer with one Edmund Neuill esquier vttering to him all thy wicked and traitorous deuises and then and there diddest mooue him to assist thee therein and to ioine with thee in those wicked treasons aforesaid against the peace of our said souereigne ladie the queene hir crowne and dignitie Whaâ— saiest thou William Parrie art thou guiltie of these treasons whereof thou standest here indicted or not guiltie Then Parrie said Before I plead not guiltie or confesse my selfe guiltie I praie you giue me leaue to speake a few words and with humbling himselfe began in this maner God saue quéene Elisabeth God send me grace to discharge my dutie to hir and to send you home in charitie But touching the matters that I am indicted of some were in one place and some in another and doone so secretlie as none can see into them except that they had eies like vnto God wherefore I will not laie my bloud vpon the iurie but doo mind to confesse the indictment It conteineth but the parts that haue béene openlie read I praie you tell me Whervnto it was answered that the indictment conteined the parts he had heard read no other Whervpon the clerke of the crowne said vnto Parrie Parrie thou must answer directlie to the indictment whether thou be guiltie or not Then said Parrie I doo confesse that I am guiltie of all that is therein conteined and further too I desire not life but desire to die Unto which the clerke of the crowne said If you confesse it you must confesse it in maner and forme as it is comprised in the indictment Wherevnto he said I doo confesse it in maner and forme as the same is set downe and all the circumstances thereof Then the confession being recorded the quéenes learned councell being readie to praie iudgement vpon the same confession master vicechamberleine said These matters conteined in this indictment and confessed by this man are of great importance they touch the person of the quéenes most excellent maiestie in the highest degrée the verie state and weldooing of the whole commonwealth and the truth of Gods word established in these hir maiesties dominions and the open demonstration of that capitall enuie of the man of Rome that hath set himselfe against God and all godlinesse all good princes and good gouernement and against good men Wherefore I praie you for the satisfaction of this great multitude let the whole matter appéere that euerie one may see that the matter of it selfe is as bad as the indictment purporteth and as he hath confessed Whereto in respect that the iustice of the realme hath béene of late verie impudentlie slandered all yeelded as a thing necessarie to satisfie the world in particular of that which was but summarilie comprised in the indictment though in the law his confession serued sufficientlie to haue procéeded therevpon vnto iudgement Wherevpon the lords and others the commissioners hir maiesties lerned councell and Parrie himselfe agréed that Parries confession taken the eleuenth and thirteenth of Februarie 1584 before the
three monthes it were a notable line 60 world for traitors and murtherers thus to haue all procéedings set loose as well of our common lawes which condemne vpon all euidences as of the ciuill lawes which giue capitall sentence vpon confession onelie yea Moses wisedome is ouerreached and Christes equitie in his euangelicall parable against the lewd seruant not vsing his talent is eluded All this is also ratified by voluntarie letters of his to hir maiestie apart and to hir honorable councell And if anie Italianat papist neuerthelesse will néeds beleeue this â—epugnancie of his last speaches let him yet take this one note of him whereby to consider how credible a man he crediteth Either Parrie meant this monstrous murther according to his vowes in heauen and sworne promises in earth and so died a desperat traitor protesting the contrarie in his last words vpon his soule and damnation or else was he periured to the foule abuse of pope all poperie most execrablie prophaning Gods name by promising swearing vowing c that which he meant not Necessarilie therefore must he perish vpon periured treason or wreckâ— vpon desperat deieration Nothing auoideth this dilemma but a popish bull of dispensation which if he had I know not how princes may not as safelie suffer woolues and beares come to their presence as such papists And verie like it is that Parrie had a speciall bull either else was it comprehended in his indulgence that he might take othes contrarie to his catholike conscience as he did the oth of supremasie in the beginning of the last parlement Which if his coniuratours had not béene priuie with what intention he did sweare he neuer durst haue taken it least they should haue now bewraied him as a man sworne against the pope therefore not to be trusted But the truth is this papist Parrie was both a traitor and a manifold periured traitor whome with all other of the like stampe we leaue to the finall iudgement of God at the last and dreadfull doome registring in the meane time a proper epigram and of no lesse fit than true deuise in memorie of the said capitall traitor requiting that propheticall posie concerning Daruell Gatheren and frier Forrest of whome you shall read in the thirtéenth yeare of king Henrie the eight this of Parrie being as followeth William Parrie Was ap Harrie By his name From the alehouse To the gallows Grew his fame Gotten westward On a bastard â—s is thought Wherefore one waie Kin to Conwaie Hath he sought Like a beast With inceast He begon Mother maried Daughter caried Him a sonne Much he borrowed Which he sorrowed To repaie Hare his good Bought with blood As they saie Yet for paiment Had arrainment Of his detter Shee that gaue him Life to saue him Hangd a better Parrie his pardon Thought no guardon For his woorth Wherefore sought That he mought Trauell foorth Which obtained He remained As before And with rashnes Shewd his bashnes More and more He did enter To aduentuer Euen hir death By whose fauor He did euer Draw his breath It was pittie One so wittie Malcontent Leauing â—eason Should to treason So be bent But his gifts Were but shifts Void of grace And his brauerie Was but knauerie Vile and base Wales did beare him France did sweare him To the pope Venice wrought him London brought him To the rope Wherewith strangled And then mangled Being dead Poles supporters Of his quarters And his head In this yeare one thousand fiue hundred eightie foure sir Walter Mildmaie knight one of hir maiesties most honorable priuie councell founded a college in the vniuersitie of Cambridge and named it Emmanuell college ¶ The same was sometimes a house of friers and came to king Henrie the eight by dissolution as appeareth by the sequeale being an extract out of a substantiall and large booke written in parchment which I haue seene and whense I had this transcript conteining the entrie or inrolment of certeine letters patents writings and euidences line 10 touching the said college First the premisses came vnto king Henrie the eight by act of parlement touching the dissolution of monasteries afterwards the said king by letters patents vnder the great seale of England dated Decimo sexto Aprilis anno tricesimo quinto regni sui did grant the same to Edward Elrington and Humfreie Metcalfe and to the heires of the said Edward for euer After that the said Edward Elrington and Humfreie Metcalfe by their déed pold dated Quarto Martij anno tricesimo sexto Henrici line 20 octaui did grant the premisses to William Sherwood gentleman his heires for euer Then George Sherewood gentleman sonne and heire to William Sherwood by déed pold dated Vicesimo nono Septembris anno vicesimo tertio Elisabethae reginae did grant the premisses to Robert Tailor esquier and to his heires for euer And afterwards the said Robert Tailor by déed pold dated Duodecimo Iunij anno vicesimo quinto Elisabethae reginae did grant the premisses to Richard Culuerwell line 30 citizen mercer of London and Laurence Chaderton of Cambridge bachelor of diuinitie and their heires for euer And after that the premisses were conueied to sir Walter Mildmaie who hath conuerted the same into a séedplot of learning for the benefit of the church common-wealth so that the students maie verie trulie saie this and more too of so good so honoorable and vertuous a founder fluuijs dum cruerit aequor Dúmque vagas stellas pascet vterque polus line 40 Dum steriles altis lustrabunt montibus vmbrae Virtutis stabit fama decúsque tuae year 1585 On the nine and twentith daie of March which was in the yeare of Christ 1585 the parlement was dissolued at the breaking vp whereof the quéenes maiestie in the parlement house made an oration to such effect as followeth The queenes maiesties oration line 50 in the parlement house MY Lords and ye of the lower house my silence must not iniurie the owner so much as to suppose a substitute sufficient to render you the thanks that my heart yéeldeth you not so much for the safe keeping of my life for which your care appeareth so manifest as for line 60 the neglecting your priuat future perill not regarding other waie than my present state No prince herein I confesse can be surer tied or faster bound than I am with the linke of your good will and can for that but yeeld a hart hand to séeke for euer all your best Yet one matter toucheth me so neere as I may not ouerskip religion the ground on which all other matters ought to take roote and being corrupted may marre all the trée and that there be some faultfinders with the order of the cleargie which so may make a slander to my selfe the church whose ouer ruler God hath made me whose negligence can not be excused if anie schismes or errors hereticall were suffered Thus much