for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n god_n be_v careful_a that_o this_o lend_v shall_v be_v without_o usury_n he_o make_v no_o law_n to_o bind_v man_n to_o lend_v unto_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o restrain_v take_v usury_n of_o they_o the_o lend_v to_o the_o poor_a be_v to_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n to_o give_v and_o we_o find_v that_o to_o this_o law_n that_o command_v lend_v be_v add_v in_o the_o very_a next_o verse_n thou_o shall_v sure_o give_v he_o and_o thy_o heart_n shall_v not_o be_v grieve_v when_o thou_o give_v unto_o he_o likewise_o in_o levit._n 25._o it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v relieve_v he_o and_o then_o it_o follow_v present_o take_v no_o usury_n of_o he_o thus_o the_o scripture_n do_v couple_v the_o work_n of_o charity_n with_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n to_o teach_v that_o they_o be_v both_o conversant_a about_o one_o and_o the_o same_o object_n therefore_o he_o that_o shall_v 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britan_n and_o 17._o saxon_n even_o at_o the_o very_a first_o i_o know_v no_o particular_a prohibition_n of_o usury_n if_o we_o omit_v that_o imperfect_a clause_n spelm._n in_o the_o council_n of_o calcuith_n about_o 787_o till_o edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o have_v live_v long_o in_o france_n and_o season_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o kingdom_n 151._o do_v first_o banish_v all_o usurer_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n second_o if_o any_o after_o that_o prohibition_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o exercise_v it_o he_o then_o confiscate_v all_o he_o have_v three_o he_o bar_v they_o of_o the_o protection_n the_o law_n afford_v and_o give_v this_o reason_n that_o have_v live_v in_o the_o french_a court_n he_o have_v learn_v quod_fw-la usura_fw-la radix_fw-la omnium_fw-la malorum_fw-la esset_fw-la but_o as_o a_o 163._o learned_a gentleman_n wise_o observe_v too_o severe_a law_n be_v never_o due_o execute_v so_o happen_v it_o with_o this_o which_o certain_o be_v not_o all_o put_v in_o practice_n in_o england_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1126_o in_o 501._o a_o council_n hold_v at_o westminster_n by_z cardinal_z de_fw-fr crema_fw-la the_o pope_n legate_n and_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n we_o find_v it_o only_o prohibitory_a to_o those_o of_o the_o church_n usuram_fw-la &_o turpe_fw-la lucrum_fw-la clericis_fw-la omnimodis_fw-la prohibemus_fw-la qui_fw-la vero_fw-la super_fw-la crimine_fw-la tali_fw-la confessus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la aut_fw-la convictus_fw-la à _fw-la proprio_fw-la gradu_fw-la dejiciatur_fw-la and_o again_o in_o another_o hold_v at_o the_o same_o place_n by_o 66._o albericus_fw-la bishop_n of_o hostia_fw-la the_o pope_n legate_n 1138_o thus_o foenoratores_fw-la clericos_fw-la &_o turpia_fw-la lucra_fw-la sectantes_fw-la &_o publica_fw-la secularium_fw-la negotia_fw-la procurantes_fw-la ab_fw-la officio_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la nihilomnius_fw-la removendos_fw-la censemus_fw-la which_o be_v indeed_o no_o more_o than_o a_o renew_n the_o niiene_n canon_n of_o which_o before_o after_o this_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v any_o one_o make_v direct_o against_o it_o in_o england_n neither_o have_v lynwood_n any_o title_n of_o it_o though_o there_o be_v so_o many_o in_o the_o common_a law_n nor_o at_o all_o that_o i_o know_v do_v he_o touch_v upon_o it_o unless_o in_o one_o a._n place_n and_o that_o very_o light_o which_o show_v clear_o it_o be_v not_o much_o prosecute_v here_o by_o these_o step_n that_o which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v exercise_v by_o bishop_n and_o other_o afterward_o forbid_v the_o clergy_n as_o what_o may_v 4._o entangle_v they_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o world_n and_o show_v mind_n 8._o too_o greedy_a of_o filthy_a lucre_n allow_v by_o so_o many_o imperial_a edict_n of_o the_o most_o pious_a emperor_n first_o become_v dislike_v in_o the_o lay_v after_o that_o prohibit_v and_o then_o they_o proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o determine_v to_o affirm_v it_o no_o sin_n be_v heretical_a upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o can_v not_o conclude_v either_o by_o express_a word_n or_o necessary_a inference_n out_o of_o scripture_n or_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n either_o give_v or_o take_v use_n for_o money_n lend_v to_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n among_o christian_n sinful_a so_o as_o no_o other_o circumstance_n make_v it_o so_o as_o either_o the_o exact_v the_o height_n the_o law_n permit_v or_o upon_o the_o borrower_n poverty_n not_o accept_v what_o he_o be_v willing_a and_o able_a to_o pay_v but_o with_o rigour_n force_v from_o he_o the_o uttermost_a penalty_n or_o use_v some_o other_o way_n against_o charity_n not_o so_o fit_a for_o i_o to_o explicate_v in_o short_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n not_o to_o submit_v to_o that_o of_o alstedius_n 418._o vsura_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la intrinsciè_fw-fr sive_fw-la svo_fw-la genere_fw-la mala_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la nor_o to_o deny_v that_o of_o 383._o calvin_n nullo_n testimonio_fw-la scripturae_fw-la mihi_fw-la constat_fw-la vsuras_fw-la omnino_fw-la damnatas_fw-la esse_fw-la yet_o i_o do_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v absolute_o lawful_a i_o leave_v that_o to_o some_o learned_a divine_a only_o i_o have_v here_o historical_o relate_v what_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o inquiry_n i_o know_v many_o of_o conscience_n and_o learning_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v of_o that_o nature_n 3._o st._n augustine_n in_o one_o place_n hold_v purgatory_n utrum_fw-la ita_fw-la sit_fw-la quaeri_fw-la potest_fw-la et_fw-la aut_fw-la inveniri_fw-la aut_fw-la latere_fw-la that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o satisfy_v himself_o and_o do_v according_o man_n of_o great_a sincerity_n and_o judgement_n may_v differ_v in_o theological_a tenet_n cardinal_n cajetan_n of_o that_o integrity_n chamier_n have_v leave_v this_o testimony_n of_o he_o 424._o vir_fw-la meo_fw-la judicio_fw-la quamvis_fw-la papista_fw-la tamen_fw-la candidus_fw-la plurimumque_fw-la distans_fw-la ab_fw-la ea_fw-la pertinacia_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o reliquis_fw-la deplorare_fw-la cogimur_fw-la be_v full_o of_o opinion_n the_o pay_a money_n for_o loan_n to_o those_o bank_n be_v call_v mountain_n of_o piety_n be_v 9_o unlawful_a and_o usurious_a cardinal_n tolet_n in_o who_o write_n to_o use_v casaubon_n word_n 38._o cum_fw-la excellent_a rerum_fw-la philosopharum_fw-la et_fw-la theologicarum_fw-la notitia_fw-la par_fw-fr certat_fw-la modestia_fw-la be_v clear_o contrary_a and_o against_o he_o hold_v they_o very_o lawful_a in_o these_o dispute_v i_o can_v but_o think_v of_o that_o of_o 28._o aquinas_n quando_fw-la quaestio_fw-la qua_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la actu_fw-la utrum_fw-la sit_fw-la peccatum_fw-la mortale_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la habeatur_fw-la auctoritas_fw-la expressa_fw-la scripturae_fw-la sacrae_fw-la aut_fw-la canonis_fw-la seu_fw-la determinationis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la vel_fw-la evidens_fw-la ratio_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la periculosissimè_fw-la determinatur_fw-la and_o indeed_o if_o he_o mean_v by_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o church_n the_o four_o nay_o that_o of_o faith_n that_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o six_o first_o general_n council_n i_o know_v nothing_o to_o oppose_v against_o it_o but_o of_o this_o too_o much_o whilst_o i_o be_v thus_o in_o search_n this_o piece_n i_o now_o give_v thou_o w_z ch_z be_v write_v almost_o thirty_o year_n since_o by_o sir_n robert_n filmer_n a_o very_a learned_a gentleman_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o a_o person_n of_o worth_n and_o relation_n unto_o he_o fall_v into_o my_o hand_n fromwhence_o some_o friend_n be_v importunate_a for_o copy_n of_o it_o i_o fear_v the_o thing_n itself_o may_v receive_v injury_n by_o ill_a transcriber_n as_o those_o of_o some_o 13._o famous_a writer_n have_v do_v i_o have_v put_v it_o to_o the_o press_n if_o thou_o be_v a_o lender_n and_o it_o shall_v not_o satisfy_v thou_o in_o the_o receive_a profit_n for_o loan_n of_o money_n i_o can_v assure_v thou_o it_o have_v i_o full_o in_o the_o pay_n of_o it_o farewell_o east-peckham_n roger_n twisden_n the_o author_n preface_n if_o exception_n be_v take_v either_o to_o the_o argument_n or_o author_n of_o these_o note_n the_o answer_n must_v be_v this_o question_n of_o usury_n concern_v no_o article_n of_o faith_n but_o be_v a_o point_n of_o morality_n and_o case_n of_o conscience_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n it_o admit_v of_o a_o disputation_n without_o scandal_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n have_v not_o define_v or_o describe_v usury_n the_o divine_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n be_v divide_v in_o this_o controversy_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o oppose_v or_o mislike_v the_o rigid_a assertion_n of_o such_o as_o condemn_v all_o contract_n for_o gain_v by_o lend_v namely_o bishop_n babington_n mr._n perkins_n dr._n willet_n dr._n mayer_n mr._n brinsley_n and_o other_o here_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o calvin_n martyr_n bucer_n bullinger_n danaeus_n hemingius_n zanchius_n ursinus_n bucanus_n junius_n polanus_fw-la molineus_n scultetus_n alstedius_n amesius_n grotius_n salmasius_n the_o author_n though_o he_o be_v neither_o divine_a by_o call_v nor_o by_o profession_n a_o scholar_n yet_o as_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a man_n he_o may_v and_o as_o he_o be_v a_o christian_n he_o ought_v for_o the_o direction_n of_o his_o own_o practice_n to_o examine_v what_o may_v be_v do_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n and_o what_o not_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n frequent_o dispute_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o usury_n he_o know_v not_o but_o that_o any_o other_o laique_n may_v do_v the_o like_a the_o arment_n be_v first_o undertake_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o tenderness_n of_o the_o conscience_n of_o other_o and_o not_o to_o justify_v any_o practice_n of_o the_o author_n who_o have_v always_o give_v but_o not_o take_v usury_n this_o point_n of_o usury_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n controvert_v be_v a_o mere_a popish_a question_n first_o broach_v by_o the_o schoolman_n and_o canonist_n no_o ancient_a father_n or_o writer_n that_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o define_v or_o dispute_v it_o since_o the_o reformation_n melancthon_n
only_o indeed_o the_o council_n of_o carthage_n be_v put_v in_o mind_n by_o one_o that_o in_o his_o part_n it_o be_v condemn_v in_o churchman_n gratus_n the_o bishop_n of_o that_o sea_n reply_v quoth_v in_o laicis_fw-la reprehenditur_fw-la id_fw-la multo_fw-la magis_fw-la in_o clericis_fw-la oportet_fw-la praedamnari_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v it_o not_o to_o be_v condemn_v as_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n a_o sin_n for_o then_o the_o laity_n as_o well_o as_o the_o priest_n have_v be_v in_o all_o time_n culpable_a but_o as_o of_o that_o which_o however_o in_o some_o it_o may_v be_v tolerable_a yet_o be_v not_o fit_v for_o they_o to_o exercise_v and_o true_o the_o excess_n then_o take_v do_v so_o much_o pass_v all_o proportion_n of_o charity_n as_o it_o well_o deserve_a reprehension_n and_o cause_v the_o father_n to_o speak_v with_o more_o earnestness_n against_o it_o than_o other_o sin_n to_o which_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n less_o addict_v than_o that_o of_o covetousness_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o it_o there_o need_v no_o other_o testimony_n than_o that_o of_o justinian_n who_o care_n be_v veterem_fw-la duram_fw-la &_o gravissimam_fw-la usurarum_fw-la molem_fw-la ad_fw-la mediocritatem_fw-la ducere_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o do_v therefore_o establish_v what_o shall_v be_v take_v too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o insert_v he_o that_o will_v know_v more_o particular_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o just_a the_o law_n itself_o it_o suffice_v i_o that_o the_o emperor_n have_v there_o proportion_v what_o people_n of_o several_a condition_n shall_v take_v he_o conclude_v caeteros_fw-la autem_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la centesimae_fw-la usurarum_fw-la nomine_fw-la posse_fw-la stipulari_fw-la &_o eam_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la usurarum_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cafibus_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la ampliari_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la citra_fw-la stipulationem_fw-la usurae_fw-la exigi_fw-la solent_fw-la what_o dimidium_fw-la centesimae_fw-la be_v i_o must_v refer_v you_o to_o that_o i_o have_v say_v before_o though_o acursius_n explain_v it_o to_o be_v half_o the_o principal_n by_o this_o verse_n quaerere_fw-la semiss_n possunt_fw-la communiter_fw-la omnes_fw-la it_o seem_v by_o novel_a 121._o 138._o and_o other_o law_n use_v in_o those_o time_n however_o thus_o moderate_v by_o the_o emperor_n who_o likewise_o take_v away_o 28._o use_v upon_o use_n be_v very_o high_a if_o any_o shall_v question_v how_o these_o law_n be_v censure_v by_o the_o holy_a father_n of_o those_o time_n i_o confess_v myself_o to_o have_v read_v nothing_o in_o particular_a of_o those_o concern_v usury_n yet_o in_o general_a 26._o eusebius_n observe_v constantine_n reduce_v old_a law_n to_o more_o equity_n and_o indeed_o so_o we_o find_v he_o to_o have_v theod_n do_v even_o those_o do_v pertain_v to_o debt_n which_o be_v of_o near_a relation_n and_o of_o justinian_n we_o find_v this_o testimony_n in_o the_o six_o general_a council_n syn._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o i_o translate_v thus_o justinian_n a_o king_n of_o happy_a memory_n above_o all_o thing_n jealous_a of_o the_o true_a and_o apostolic_a faith_n the_o truth_n of_o who_o belief_n as_o much_o as_o it_o do_v please_v god_n by_o his_o sincere_a confession_n so_o much_o do_v he_o raise_v the_o most_o christian_n policy_n the_o godly_a memory_n of_o who_o devotion_n be_v to_o this_o day_n famous_a and_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o faith_n disperse_v throughout_o all_o the_o world_n by_o his_o imperial_a edict_n be_v praise_v and_o somewhat_o after_o 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o great_a justinian_n the_o last_o but_o most_o worthy_a of_o all_o who_o virtue_n and_o godliness_n reduce_v all_o thing_n to_o a_o better_a order_n how_o can_v we_o then_o imagine_v prince_n so_o pious_a so_o careful_a to_o correct_v all_o they_o find_v amiss_o shall_v permit_v what_o be_v so_o full_a of_o sin_n as_o some_o now_o take_v it_o to_o be_v and_o thus_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v stand_v it_o among_o the_o eastern_a christian_n to_o this_o day_n unless_o the_o mahometan_a have_v make_v in_o some_o part_v a_o alteration_n but_o in_o europe_n after_o the_o year_n 800_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a divide_v the_o empire_n it_o receive_v some_o change_n for_o in_o his_o capitular_o we_o find_v a_o clear_a determination_n that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v etc._n usuram_fw-la non_fw-la solùm_fw-la clerici_fw-la sed_fw-la nec_fw-la laici_fw-la exigere_fw-la debent_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o prohibition_n i_o have_v at_o all_o meet_v lay_v upon_o the_o lay._n the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o the_o 43._o canon_n attribute_v to_o the_o apostle_n do_v condemn_v it_o in_o the_o clergy_n and_o so_o likewise_o do_v some_o particular_a synod_n and_o that_o of_o carthage_n do_v not_o approve_v it_o they_o and_o leo_n the_o first_o who_o go_v far_a do_v grieve_v 5._o condolere_fw-la the_o exercise_n of_o it_o do_v cadere_fw-la in_o laicos_fw-la qui_fw-la christianos_n se_fw-la dici_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la intimate_v it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a perfection_n of_o charity_n have_v they_o abstain_v from_o it_o but_o none_o extend_v to_o a_o command_n or_o to_o determine_v it_o a_o thing_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v before_o this_o decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o no_o doubt_n want_v not_o pen_n to_o defend_v it_o for_o about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o certain_a learned_a man_n collect_v out_o of_o council_n and_o father_n such_o rule_n as_o be_v most_o apt_a for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o christian_a call_v therefore_o canonist_n as_o those_o who_o be_v the_o beginner_n of_o the_o canon-law_n such_o be_v burchardus_fw-la bishop_n of_o worm_n ivo_n of_o chartres_n and_o gratian_n a_o benedictine_n monk_n who_o write_v the_o last_o of_o they_o yet_o begin_v his_o work_n 1151_o 3._o and_o finish_v it_o ten_o year_n after_o neither_o of_o they_o omit_v sundry_a 3._o chapter_n in_o condemnation_n of_o usury_n and_o be_v therein_o follow_v by_o canonist_n casuist_n and_o schoolman_n insomuch_o as_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o collection_n of_o the_o etc._n canon-law_n since_o without_o one_o title_n de_fw-la usuris_fw-la it_o turn_v infinite_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_a who_o by_o that_o be_v make_v judge_n of_o almost_o all_o agreement_n between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o who_o shall_v read_v the_o title_n in_o the_o canon-law_n and_o what_o the_o doctor_n have_v write_v of_o usury_n restitution_n upon_o it_o and_o participation_n with_o the_o usurer_n etc._n etc._n may_v plain_o discern_v and_o not_o content_a with_o what_o have_v pass_v in_o foro_fw-la animae_fw-la in_o private_a they_o have_v go_v so_o far_o as_o a_o 96._o temporal_a judge_n be_v sometime_o ready_a to_o give_v sentence_n upon_o a_o contract_n have_v be_v stop_v by_o the_o ecclesiastic_a on_o a_o pretence_n the_o bargain_n be_v usurious_a yet_o the_o necessity_n of_o humane_a commerce_n have_v cause_v divers_a so_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o name_n of_o use_n with_o their_o 106._o mountain_n of_o piety_n their_o distinction_n of_o lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la and_o damnum_fw-la emergens_fw-la to_o palliate_v so_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o call_v that_o no_o usury_n which_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n at_o least_o to_o my_o understanding_n after_o the_o year_n 1200_o much_o of_o the_o ecclesiastic_a power_n especial_o what_o concern_v heresy_n be_v delegated_a by_o the_o pope_n to_o certain_a inquisitor_n call_v since_o the_o court_n of_o inquisition_n quaestioibus_fw-la who_o alexander_n the_o four_o about_o the_o year_n 1255_o do_v express_o charge_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o question_n of_o usury_n though_o there_o want_v not_o some_o who_o in_o that_o age_n affirm_v usuram_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la peccatum_fw-la mortale_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o 57_o history_n and_o that_o resolution_n of_o clement_n the_o five_o in_o the_o council_n of_o vienna_n 1311._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la in_o illum_fw-la errorem_fw-la inciderit_fw-la ut_fw-la pertinaciter_fw-la affirmare_fw-la praesumat_fw-la exercere_fw-la vsuras_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la peccatum_fw-la decernimus_fw-la eum_fw-la velut_fw-la haereticum_fw-la puniendum_fw-la upon_o which_o the_o inquisitor_n grow_v very_o busy_a in_o many_o part_n at_o florence_n in_o the_o year_n 1345_o ib._n upon_o a_o great_a disorder_n that_o then_o fall_v out_o they_o be_v force_v by_o law_n conformable_a to_o those_o of_o perugia_n spain_n &c_n &c_n to_o regulate_v their_o power_n though_o in_o 36._o arragon_n by_o a_o bull_n of_o leo_n the_o ten_o it_o seem_v they_o now_o proceed_v in_o such_o cause_n in_o venice_n that_o wise_a state_n will_v never_o admit_v the_o inquisition_n 31._o vhe_fw-it si_fw-la trattino_fw-it causa_fw-la di_fw-it usura_fw-la di_fw-fr qual_a si_fw-mi voglia_fw-it sort_n to_o meddle_v with_o any_o kind_n of_o usury_n nor_o the_o trade_n of_o any_o artisan_n etc._n etc._n touch_v the_o church_n of_o england_n far_a than_o that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v receive_v both_o by_o the_o 10._o
examine_v the_o pith_n of_o these_o three_o description_n cite_v by_o dr._n fenton_n and_o contract_v in_o three_o word_n pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la mutuo_fw-la lucrum_fw-la usury_n be_v lucre_n for_o lone_n upon_o covenant_n or_o the_o covenant_n of_o lucre_n for_o lend_v or_o lend_v upon_o covenant_n for_o lucre._n 1._o whereas_o he_o say_v usury_n be_v lucre_n he_o seem_v to_o make_v lucre_n or_o gain_n to_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o usury_n this_o undoubted_o be_v a_o false_a genus_fw-la for_o certain_o usury_n be_v a_o sin_n of_o commission_n and_o therefore_o a_o action_n of_o operation_n so_o that_o lucre_n or_o gain_v which_o be_v only_o a_o passion_n or_o product_n of_o lend_v can_v be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o it_o 2._o he_o make_v covenant_n to_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la let_v i_o ask_v he_o but_o this_o question_n a_o father_n to_o stir_v up_o only_o and_o try_v the_o industry_n of_o his_o son_n do_v lend_v he_o a_o hundred_o pound_n with_o a_o peirastical_a covenant_n for_o gain_n not_o intend_v with_o himself_o to_o take_v any_o interest_n at_o all_o of_o his_o son_n do_v any_o man_n take_v this_o to_o be_v usury_n in_o the_o father_n who_o never_o mean_v to_o take_v the_o least_o increase_n from_o his_o son_n sure_o then_o the_o bare_a covenant_n can_v be_v the_o sin_n of_o usury_n in_o this_o case_n 3._o he_o say_v usury_n be_v lend_v upon_o covenant_n for_o lucre._n in_o this_o description_n asalso_fw-la in_o the_o two_o former_a i_o find_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o his_o own_o principle_n and_o ground_n to_o lend_v for_o gain_n be_v no_o lend_v at_o all_o for_o lend_v say_v he_o pag._n 16._o in_o its_o own_o proper_a nature_n be_v free_a let_v be_v for_o hire_n or_o gain_v so_o that_o by_o this_o his_o doctrine_n lend_v for_o gain_n be_v no_o lend_v at_o all_o but_o let_v or_o hire_v out_o therefore_o if_o dr._n fenton_n have_v be_v true_a to_o his_o own_o principle_n he_o shall_v have_v define_v usury_n to_o have_v be_v let_v upon_o covenant_n for_o lucre_n or_o in_o brief_a let_v or_o hire_v of_o money_n but_o both_o dr_n fenton_n and_o all_o other_o antidaenist_n can_v endure_v to_o have_v usury_n call_v let_v or_o hire_v of_o money_n moreover_o i_o find_v in_o these_o three_o description_n that_o he_o imagine_v the_o gain_n or_o lucre_n be_v for_o the_o bare_a act_n of_o lend_v in_o which_o he_o be_v much_o mistake_v it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o lend_n but_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o thing_n lend_v that_o man_n give_v usury_n and_o answerable_a to_o the_o time_n for_o which_o money_n be_v let_v the_o increase_n or_o usury_n be_v more_o or_o less_o although_o the_o simple_a act_n of_o lend_v be_v alike_o in_o both_o the_o ordinary_a word_n usury_n which_o dr._n fenton_n derive_v from_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la the_o use_n of_o the_o thing_n teach_v even_o child_n that_o usury_n be_v give_v for_o the_o use_v of_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o for_o the_o bare_a lend_v again_o in_o these_o his_o three_o description_n the_o word_n covenant_n be_v perpetual_o find_v without_o any_o warrant_n of_o scripture_n yet_o he_o pretend_v by_o deduction_n to_o fetch_v it_o out_o of_o the_o text_n in_o exod._n 22._o 25._o thou_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o a_o usurer_n unto_o he_o thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v with_o usury_n in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v thou_o shall_v not_o exact_v and_o thou_o shall_v not_o impose_v usury_n from_o whence_o dr._n fenton_n conclude_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o exaction_n or_o imposition_n upon_o a_o free_a person_n but_o by_o way_n of_o covenant_n pag._n 26._o under_o favour_n this_o his_o inference_n be_v false_a for_o exaction_n may_v be_v of_o thing_n neither_o covenant_v for_o nor_o due_a in_o the_o construction_n of_o our_o common_a law_n and_o of_o our_o vulgar_a phrase_n extortion_n and_o exaction_n be_v thus_o distinguish_v extortion_n be_v a_o wrong_n in_o take_v more_o than_o be_v due_a exaction_n be_v the_o take_n of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o due_a at_o all_o which_o distinction_n be_v false_a if_o that_o exaction_n must_v be_v by_o precedent_a contract_n the_o poor_a jew_n do_v ordinary_o borrow_v victual_n money_n and_o other_o necessary_n upon_o pawn_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o text_n the_o lender_n who_o do_v take_v the_o pledge_n as_o a_o caution_n for_o his_o principal_n may_v detain_v it_o from_o the_o poor_a borrower_n until_o he_o will_v allow_v some_o gain_n above_o the_o principal_a and_o by_o such_o unjust_a mean_n exact_a or_o impose_v a_o unconscionable_a increase_n without_o any_o precedent_a covenant_n there_o be_v small_a reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o such_o indigent_a people_n as_o be_v describe_v by_o moses_n who_o borrow_v only_o to_o supply_v a_o present_a want_n shall_v have_v credit_n sufficient_a to_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o sum_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n as_o may_v deserve_v a_o obligation_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o increase_n a_o man_n who_o can_v not_o have_v his_o bond_n take_v may_v yet_o have_v his_o garment_n receive_v for_o a_o pledge_n and_o pledge_n be_v ordinary_o give_v with_o intention_n of_o speedy_a redemption_n because_o raiment_n be_v almost_o as_o necessary_a as_o food_n the_o borrow_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v of_o thing_n of_o so_o small_a value_n that_o the_o use_n of_o they_o for_o a_o small_a season_n be_v hardly_o valuable_a may_v be_v a_o great_a reason_n of_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n by_o moses_n in_o such_o case_n neither_o be_v a_o man_n that_o lend_v upon_o pawn_n in_o the_o like_a hazard_n with_o he_o that_o take_v bond_n or_o such_o security_n it_o be_v the_o confession_n of_o dr._n fenton_n that_o when_o the_o law_n against_o usury_n be_v give_v there_o be_v none_o that_o borrow_v but_o only_o the_o poor_a for_o need_n and_o upon_o necessity_n therefore_o without_o better_a warrant_n by_o direct_a and_o literal_a proof_n from_o the_o scripture_n it_o can_v be_v evince_v that_o this_o word_n covenant_n must_v necessary_o be_v require_v in_o the_o definition_n or_o description_n of_o usury_n although_o dr._n fenton_n conclude_v it_o be_v no_o usury_n except_o it_o be_v by_o covenant_n or_o by_o some_o dumb_a contract_n at_o the_o least_o dr._n downam_n omit_v this_o word_n covenant_n in_o his_o definition_n of_o usury_n i_o be_o strong_o persuade_v by_o a_o place_n in_o nehemiah_n to_o think_v that_o usury_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o contract_v for_o gain_v i_o find_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n a_o grievous_a oppression_n describe_v a_o great_a cry_n of_o the_o people_n against_o their_o brethren_n the_o jew_n they_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o corn_n for_o themselves_o their_o son_n and_o daughter_n upon_o mortgage_n of_o their_o land_n vineyard_n and_o house_n they_o sell_v their_o child_n for_o bondslave_n these_o be_v man_n oppress_v by_o contract_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o eleven_o verse_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v such_o passage_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o text_n as_o move_v i_o to_o think_v that_o this_o oppression_n be_v not_o proper_o usury_n first_o nehemiah_n never_o call_v it_o usury_n but_o only_o a_o burden_n neither_o the_o word_n neshec_n nor_o tarbith_n nor_o marbith_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o yet_o these_o be_v the_o only_a word_n in_o the_o law_n to_o express_v usury_n second_o nehemiah_n never_o tell_v the_o the_o noble_n and_o the_o ruler_n that_o they_o have_v break_v the_o law_n against_o usury_n any_o man_n will_v think_v that_o to_o rebuke_v and_o reclaim_v man_n from_o their_o sin_n the_o way_n have_v be_v to_o have_v name_v it_o in_o particular_a or_o the_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v prohibit_v but_o nehemiah_n do_v neither_o of_o these_o he_o only_o tell_v they_o it_o be_v not_o good_a what_o they_o do_v and_o ask_v they_o if_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o walk_v in_o the_o fear_n of_o their_o god_n because_o of_o the_o reproach_n of_o the_o heathen_a their_o enemy_n not_o because_o of_o a_o particular_a law_n against_o usury_n but_o for_o that_o the_o nane_fw-la of_o god_n shall_v not_o be_v blaspheme_v by_o the_o heathen_n when_o they_o see_v how_o miserable_o the_o jew_n do_v oppress_v one_o another_o three_o nehemiah_n tell_v the_o noble_n that_o he_o and_o his_o servant_n may_v have_v exact_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o noble_n whereas_o if_o this_o exact_v have_v be_v usury_n he_o can_v not_o just_o say_v that_o he_o may_v have_v exact_v for_o it_o have_v be_v against_o the_o law_n last_o nehemiah_n do_v not_o threaten_v to_o punish_v they_o as_o he_o be_v a_o magistrate_n but_o entreat_v they_o by_o his_o charitable_a example_n to_o leave_v off_o their_o exact_v that_o burden_n so_o then_o nehemiah_n never_o name_v
usury_n nor_o mention_v the_o law_n against_o it_o but_o suppose_v the_o act_n of_o the_o noble_n to_o be_v lawful_a but_o not_o expedient_a do_v incline_v my_o belief_n to_o think_v that_o this_o oppression_n be_v not_o proper_o usury_n although_o it_o have_v a_o covenant_n for_o gain_v and_o one_o reason_n why_o this_o be_v not_o usury_n may_v be_v because_o the_o people_n be_v not_o primary_o such_o poor_a necessitate_a brethren_n as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o firr_v law_n against_o usury_n for_o though_o these_o fall_v into_o want_n yet_o at_o the_o first_o they_o have_v land_n house_n vineyard_n and_o olive-ground_n for_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king_n a_o yearly_a tribute_n another_o reason_n that_o avail_v with_o i_o to_o persuade_v that_o all_o contract_n for_o gain_n be_v not_o prohibit_v as_o usurious_a be_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o saviour_n luke_n 19_o 23._o who_o mention_n a_o bank_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o jewish_a commonwealth_n out_o of_o which_o a_o man_n by_o deliver_v in_o his_o money_n may_v at_o length_n receive_v his_o own_o with_o usury_n although_o our_o saviour_n do_v neither_o show_v dislike_n nor_o approbation_n of_o such_o a_o bank_n yet_o for_o it_o to_o be_v within_o any_o city_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o israel_n without_o the_o ordinance_n or_o at_o least_o allowance_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o magistrate_n be_v a_o thing_n most_o improbable_a and_o almost_o as_o unlikely_a that_o the_o state_n shall_v tolerate_v such_o a_o bank_n if_o all_o usury_n be_v of_o itself_o unlawful_a and_o also_o so_o pernicious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o oppression_n of_o it_o as_o dr._n fenton_n pretend_v i_o find_v many_o reproof_n in_o the_o gospel_n of_o the_o false_a gloss_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o scribe_n and_o pharisee_n whereby_o they_o pervert_v the_o law_n in_o many_o thing_n but_o i_o find_v not_o any_o rebuke_n of_o the_o magistrate_n for_o this_o of_o usury_n if_o it_o have_v be_v such_o a_o 〈◊〉_d violation_n of_o the_o law_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v forget_v by_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o all_o his_o apostle_n but_o to_o what_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o dispute_v about_o the_o term_n of_o the_o description_n of_o usury_n or_o what_o sort_n of_o contract_n it_o be_v when_o it_o appear_v plain_o in_o dr._n fenton_n that_o not_o only_o the_o covenant_n of_o lend_v but_o also_o in_o his_o opinion_n buy_v sell_v let_v exchange_a and_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v all_o contract_n of_o usury_n to_o give_v a_o instance_n these_o be_v his_o word_n pag._n 21._o with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n i_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o ten_o year_n this_o be_v bargain_n and_o sale_n differ_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o covenant_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o truth_n with_o usury_n and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n pag._n 129._o he_o say_v the_o like_a i_o must_v say_v this_o be_v a_o express_a contradiction_n to_o affirm_v that_o purchase_n be_v buy_v and_o another_o manner_n of_o covenant_n differ_v from_o lend_v and_o yet_o to_o say_v in_o truth_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o usury_n which_o he_o say_v be_v lend_v this_o be_v to_o make_v buy_v and_o lend_v all_o one_o and_o to_o confound_v all_o contract_n as_o the_o term_n of_o covenant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v within_o the_o text_n against_o usury_n so_o in_o the_o father_n of_o the_o church_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o they_o abuse_v we_o therefore_o who_o pretend_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n for_o the_o condemn_v of_o all_o contract_n of_o gain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o canonist_n and_o schoolman_n be_v the_o first_o broacher_n of_o these_o description_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v now_o press_v upon_o we_o by_o some_o few_o modern_a divine_n antiquity_n be_v more_o modest_a and_o observant_a of_o the_o phrase_n of_o scripture_n which_o do_v deliver_v the_o law_n against_o usury_n in_o such_o restrain_a term_n as_o be_v by_o a_o just_a construction_n appliable_a proper_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n and_o equity_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a only_o from_o the_o canon-lawyer_n who_o be_v the_o pope_n learned_a counsel_n in_o the_o law_n have_v dr._n fenton_n borrow_v not_o only_o his_o description_n but_o also_o his_o argument_n and_o distinction_n at_o the_o second_o or_o three_o hand_n for_o he_o take_v all_o from_o dr._n downam_n dr._n downam_n from_o melancthon_n and_o chemnitius_n and_o these_o two_o fetch_v it_o from_o canonist_n casuist_n and_o schoolman_n and_o although_o dr._n fenton_n be_v free_a from_o the_o sin_n of_o usury_n by_o borrow_v free_o his_o whole_a treatise_n from_o dr._n downam_n without_o pay_v the_o interest_n of_o one_o new_a argument_n or_o reason_n yet_o if_o dr_n fenton_n do_v not_o contract_n with_o dr._n downam_n for_o the_o borrow_n of_o the_o treatise_n he_o be_v little_o less_o than_o a_o plagiary_n and_o if_o we_o take_v this_o word_n in_o as_o large_a signification_n as_o they_o do_v the_o word_n usury_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o though_o dr_n fenton_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o pay_v usury_n yet_o he_o have_v offend_v against_o another_o law_n in_o exod_n 21._o 16_o deut._n 24._o 7._o which_o be_v the_o great_a sin_n for_o although_o the_o law_n of_o god_n appoint_v no_o punishment_n for_o a_o usurer_n yet_o a_o plagiary_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n 2._o of_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n i_o shall_v have_v proceed_v now_o to_o examine_v the_o property_n of_o lend_v and_o leâ—teng_v and_o how_o they_o differ_v but_o because_o i_o find_v mention_n of_o they_o in_o several_a place_n of_o my_o author_n i_o will_v reserve_v they_o a_o while_n and_o first_o handle_v the_o text_n of_o scripture_n that_o be_v most_o material_a in_o this_o controversy_n three_o text_n only_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n about_o usury_n in_o the_o two_o first_o the_o poor_a be_v most_o express_o name_v and_o in_o the_o three_o necessary_o imply_v exod._n 22._o 25._o if_o thou_o lend_v to_o my_o people_n the_o poor_a with_o thou_o thou_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o a_o usurer_n unto_o he_o thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v with_o usury_n levit._n 25._o 35._o if_o thy_o brother_n be_v impoverish_v or_o fall_v into_o decay_n with_o thou_o thou_o shall_v relieve_v he_o take_v thou_o no_o usury_n of_o he_o or_o increase_n thou_o shall_v not_o give_v he_o thy_o money_n upon_o usury_n nor_o lend_v he_o thy_o victual_n for_o increase_v by_o these_o two_o text_n we_o have_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o poor_a who_o must_v be_v one_o impoverish_v and_o fall_v into_o decay_n one_o who_o hand_n as_o the_o text_n be_v be_v weaken_v and_o shake_v that_o he_o can_v labour_v one_o who_o thou_o have_v need_v to_o receive_v and_o relieve_v and_o one_o who_o be_v force_v to_o borrow_v victual_n for_o necessity_n the_o three_o text_n though_o it_o do_v not_o express_o name_v the_o poor_a yet_o that_o it_o have_v reference_n only_o to_o such_o be_v most_o probable_a first_o because_o as_o in_o the_o former_a text_n in_o levit._n where_o the_o poor_a be_v describe_v and_o one_o of_o their_o property_n mention_v to_o be_v borrow_v of_o victual_n so_o in_o deut._n 23._o 19_o where_o the_o name_n of_o poor_a be_v omit_v yet_o the_o property_n of_o borrow_a food_n be_v set_v down_o which_o to_o be_v the_o custom_n only_o of_o the_o poor_a in_o extreme_a necessity_n common_a experience_n do_v daily_o teach_v we_o second_o the_o law_n here_o do_v only_o use_v the_o word_n of_o bite_a or_o nescher_n which_o word_n be_v also_o only_o use_v in_o the_o first_o text_n where_o the_o poor_a be_v name_v three_o if_o we_o will_v allow_v as_o all_o man_n do_v and_o as_o we_o needs_o must_v this_o law_n in_o deut._n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o exod_n and_o levit._n then_o it_o must_v have_v the_o same_o object_n the_o poor_a and_o the_o same_o end_n which_o be_v the_o relief_n of_o the_o same_o poor_a for_o we_o find_v no_o other_o reason_n or_o end_v allege_v in_o scripture_n for_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n but_o that_o the_o poor_a brother_n may_v live_v with_o thou_o and_o have_v sufficient_a for_o his_o need_n god_n where_o he_o tie_v man_n to_o lend_v he_o provide_v and_o bind_v they_o to_o lend_v free_o the_o law_n be_v if_o there_o be_v among_o you_o a_o poor_a man_n of_o one_o of_o thy_o brethren_n thou_o shall_v not_o harden_v thy_o heart_n nor_o shut_v thy_o hand_n from_o thy_o poor_a brother_n but_o thou_o shall_v open_v thy_o hand_n wide_a unto_o he_o and_o shall_v sure_o lend_v he_o sufficient_a for_o his_o need_n in_o which_o he_o want_v deut._n 15._o 7_o 8._o
passage_n of_o dr._n fenton_n we_o may_v note_v what_o manner_n of_o borrow_v cause_v the_o first_o name_n of_o usury_n which_o name_n afterward_o for_o the_o similitude_n only_o of_o the_o increase_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o borrow_v although_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o uncharitable_a nature_n the_o like_a observation_n of_o a_o good_a name_n use_v for_o a_o bad_a thing_n dr._n fenton_n produce_v in_o the_o latin_a name_n of_o usury_n usura_fw-la say_v he_o be_v original_o a_o good_a honest_a word_n until_o usury_n do_v mar_v it_o for_o usura_fw-la in_o truth_n be_v nothing_o but_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la primitive_o take_v for_o the_o use_n of_o other_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o money_n in_o conclusion_n although_o the_o uncharitable_a gain_n that_o be_v practise_v upon_o necessitate_a borrower_n do_v just_o deserve_v a_o besit_a name_n of_o bite_a yet_o a_o gain_n that_o be_v take_v from_o such_o as_o borrow_v where_o necessity_n constrain_v not_o be_v but_o a_o equivocal_a bite_n because_o proper_o there_o can_v be_v no_o bite_n but_o where_o there_o be_v oppression_n and_o oppression_n be_v only_o of_o the_o poor_a a_o man_n may_v deceive_v a_o rich_a man_n but_o oppress_v he_o he_o can_v the_o reason_n be_v evident_a oppression_n be_v a_o violent_a action_n of_o injustice_n necessity_n compel_v a_o poor_a man_n to_o borrow_v and_o the_o lender_n force_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o increase_n in_o this_o be_v a_o violence_n which_o a_o rich_a man_n can_v be_v subject_a unto_o because_o no_o necessity_n force_v he_o to_o borrow_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o arbitrary_a whether_o he_o will_v borrow_v upon_o increase_n for_o although_o there_o be_v a_o moral_a necessity_n that_o if_o he_o will_v borrow_v he_o must_v pay_v a_o overplus_n yet_o that_o he_o must_v borrow_v be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a so_o than_o it_o be_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o borrower_n that_o must_v concur_v to_o make_v a_o violent_a action_n in_o the_o lender_n if_o a_o rich_a man_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n of_o a_o bond_n it_o be_v his_o own_o folly_n to_o enter_v into_o such_o a_o obligation_n without_o necessity_n whereby_o he_o do_v enable_v the_o lender_n to_o deceive_v he_o by_o a_o legal_a mean_n who_o in_o extremity_n make_v benefit_n of_o all_o that_o which_o the_o law_n do_v provide_v only_o for_o a_o caution_n of_o his_o indemnity_n this_o deceit_n of_o the_o lender_n be_v injustice_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o violent_a sin_n of_o oppression_n which_o be_v proper_o find_v in_o bite_a usury_n a_o second_o word_n there_o be_v find_v in_o scripture_n which_o they_o say_v be_v a_o exegetical_a addition_n which_o signify_v any_o increase_n at_o all_o if_o what_o be_v say_v be_v true_a it_o neither_o hurt_v nor_o help_v the_o question_n if_o the_o text_n be_v understand_v of_o the_o poor_a only_o for_o although_o all_o increase_n from_o the_o poor_a yet_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o take_a usury_n of_o the_o rich_a but_o let_v we_o see_v a_o little_a how_o they_o restrain_v this_o word_n tarbith_o for_o increase_n first_o if_o tarbith_o do_v signify_v of_o itself_o a_o multiply_a as_o it_o do_v indeed_o or_o a_o excessive_a increase_n it_o be_v then_o all_o one_o with_o neshec_n which_o dr_n fenton_n make_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o gain_n but_o i_o think_v to_o be_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n from_o who_o it_o be_v take_v and_o then_o where_o will_v they_o find_v their_o exegesis_n if_o these_o term_n be_v synonymaes_n second_o i_o will_v know_v how_o dr._n fenton_n can_v prove_v that_o the_o scripture_n use_v tarbith_n for_o the_o usury_n of_o money_n the_o prophet_n say_v he_o who_o be_v true_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n join_v both_o word_n together_o apply_v they_o both_o indifferent_o evermore_o to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o prophet_n ezek._n join_v neshec_n and_o tarbith_n and_o so_o do_v solomon_n but_o it_o be_v false_a that_o they_o apply_v they_o both_o indifferent_o evermore_o to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o they_o apply_v they_o not_o at_o all_o they_o neither_o name_n money_n nor_o victual_n i_o can_v find_v they_o but_o once_o apply_v in_o the_o whole_a scripture_n and_o that_o be_v by_o moses_n in_o levit._n 25._o 36_o there_o dr._n fenton_n may_v have_v find_v they_o both_o name_v together_o and_o then_o apply_v neshec_n to_o money_n and_o tarbith_n to_o victual_n so_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n no_o where_o in_o plain_a term_n forbid_v the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o point_n be_v careful_o observe_v by_o the_o translator_n of_o our_o bible_n for_o they_o all_o consent_n and_o agree_v to_o translate_v neshec_n only_o for_o usury_n the_o word_n tarbith_n or_o marbith_v they_o have_v never_o translate_v by_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n and_o in_o the_o proverb_n 28._o 8._o whereas_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v tarbith_n our_o divine_n have_v render_v it_o unjust_a gain_n thereby_o intimate_v they_o do_v not_o think_v all_o increase_n or_o gain_v to_o be_v mean_v but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v unjust_a it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o since_o money_n and_o victual_n be_v both_o in_o the_o same_o text_n they_o be_v both_o of_o one_o nature_n so_o that_o tarbith_n may_v be_v refer_v indifferent_o to_o either_o of_o they_o answ_n the_o text_n do_v conjoin_v they_o not_o for_o be_v of_o one_o nature_n in_o spend_v or_o use_v but_o the_o law_n do_v intend_v only_o the_o mention_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o poor_a in_o extremity_n do_v necessary_o borrow_v for_o maintenance_n of_o life_n which_o be_v either_o victual_n itself_o or_o money_n which_o do_v easy_a and_o soon_o procure_v victual_n otherwise_o these_o two_o differ_v as_o dr._n fenton_n have_v show_v in_o the_o example_n of_o a_o loaf_n and_o money_n the_o first_o be_v spend_v the_o latter_a be_v use_v victual_n then_o when_o they_o be_v spend_v or_o quite_o consume_v and_o no_o further_a use_n can_v be_v make_v of_o they_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o money_n which_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v spend_v the_o same_o 100_o l._n that_o have_v be_v use_v by_o one_o may_v be_v use_v after_o by_o a_o 100_o man_n successive_o and_o in_o the_o pass_n of_o it_o away_o some_o other_o commodity_n may_v be_v procure_v by_o it_o of_o great_a or_o equal_a value_n which_o may_v be_v use_v for_o increase_v so_o that_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v in_o asort_n perpetual_a this_o difference_n well_o consider_v there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a reason_n to_o prohibit_v the_o usury_n and_o increase_n of_o victual_n than_o usury_n only_o of_o money_n but_o i_o do_v not_o rely_v upon_o the_o argument_n from_o the_o name_n of_o neshec_n or_o tarbith_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o i_o think_v the_o true_a propriety_n of_o they_o as_o of_o many_o other_o word_n be_v quite_o lose_v as_o to_o we_o a_o three_o strain_n of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v to_o have_v the_o word_n tarbith_v to_o expound_v and_o explain_v the_o term_n neshec_n we_o find_v neshec_n use_v alone_o in_o exod._n deut._n and_o the_o psalm_n tarbith_n be_v never_o use_v alone_o but_o be_v join_v with_o neshec_n in_o levit._n prov._n and_o ezek_n so_o than_o the_o first_o be_v use_v in_o all_o text_n the_o latter_a but_o in_o some_o now_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o particular_a word_n which_o be_v always_o use_v shall_v expound_v a_o general_n which_o be_v use_v but_o sometime_o or_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o dr._n fenton_n think_v for_o he_o tell_v we_o p._n 39_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o scripture_n after_o a_o law_n be_v give_v and_o a_o sin_n forbid_v in_o a_o sensible_a term_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o more_o general_a to_o express_v god_n meaning_n more_o full_o lest_o man_n shall_v seek_v liberty_n in_o restrain_v the_o former_a term_n more_o narrow_o thus_o he_o but_o what_o sense_n be_v there_o in_o his_o word_n to_o express_v a_o sensible_a by_o a_o general_a he_o shall_v have_v say_v a_o particular_a by_o a_o general_n or_o a_o sensible_a by_o a_o insensible_a and_o then_o his_o error_n will_v have_v be_v more_o sensible_a for_o i_o trust_v it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n sensible_a to_o express_v thing_n insensible_a and_o of_o particular_n to_o expound_v general_n as_o may_v manifest_o appear_v by_o the_o instance_n allege_v by_o dr._n fenton_n and_o which_o make_v somewhat_o strong_o against_o himself_o theft_n say_v he_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o sensible_a term_n of_o steal_v the_o holy_a ghost_n add_v deal_v false_o or_o circumvent_v teach_v thereby_o overreach_v in_o bargain_v by_o cunning_a to_o be_v theft_n here_o i_o ask_v if_o steal_v be_v a_o sensible_a term_n whether_o deal_v
false_o or_o circumvent_a by_o cunning_n be_v a_o general_n sure_o dr._n fenton_n must_v not_o say_v it_o for_o deceit_n in_o contract_n be_v but_o a_o particular_a kind_n of_o theft_n or_o steal_v and_o therefore_o not_o a_o more_o but_o a_o less_o general_a term_n than_o steal_v so_o that_o quite_o contrary_a to_o dr._n fenton_n his_o doctrine_n the_o general_a sin_n of_o steal_v be_v explain_v &_o express_v by_o the_o particular_a sin_n of_o deceit_n in_o deal_n therefore_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a that_o the_o particular_a term_n of_o bite_a shall_v expound_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o general_a word_n increase_v since_o nothing_o be_v more_o usual_a than_o when_o a_o matter_n have_v be_v particular_o express_v to_o mention_v it_o afterward_o in_o more_o general_a term_n beside_o this_o shift_n of_o express_v the_o sensible_a by_o the_o more_o general_a term_n be_v to_o imagine_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n subject_n to_o humane_a infirmity_n as_o if_o god_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o perfect_v his_o law_n till_o the_o cavil_n of_o man_n and_o their_o seek_v liberty_n to_o restrain_v the_o term_n teach_v he_o how_o to_o mend_v it_o no_o doubt_n if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n have_v intend_v the_o prohibition_n of_o all_o increase_n it_o can_v have_v do_v it_o in_o plain_a and_o short_a term_n as_o it_o do_v in_o murder_n theft_n and_o adultery_n by_o say_v thou_o shall_v take_v no_o increase_n by_o lend_v or_o let_v money_n but_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o law_n say_v bite_v or_o oppress_v of_o the_o poor_a if_o murder_n and_o usury_n be_v prohibit_v and_o permit_v alike_o why_o do_v not_o the_o commandment_n say_v thou_o shall_v not_o murder_v thy_o poor_a brother_n but_o a_o stranger_n thou_o may_v murder_v sure_o god_n do_v not_o use_v these_o qualification_n for_o nought_o it_o be_v demand_v by_o dr._n fenton_n upon_o the_o law_n thou_o shall_v not_o trouble_v any_o widow_n or_o fatherless_a child_n whether_o it_o follow_v that_o i_o may_v trouble_v a_o marry_a woman_n or_o a_o child_n that_o have_v a_o father_n answ_n i_o may_v not_o but_o yet_o the_o reason_n be_v not_o for_o that_o i_o be_o prohibit_v by_o this_o special_a law_n for_o widow_n and_o orphan_n but_o for_o that_o by_o a_o general_a commandment_n of_o not_o steal_v i_o be_o forbid_v to_o oppress_v or_o trouble_v any_o man_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o word_n of_o solomon_n thou_o shall_v not_o rob_v the_o poor_a yet_o i_o may_v not_o rob_v the_o rich_a though_o these_o word_n forbid_v i_o not_o but_o because_o of_o the_o former_a general_a commandment_n but_o the_o like_a can_v be_v say_v of_o usury_n there_o be_v no_o former_a general_a law_n that_o forbid_v take_v increase_n of_o the_o rich_a but_o dr._n fenton_n say_v that_o usury_n bite_v the_o rich_a as_o well_o as_o the_o poor_a and_o do_v promise_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o forget_v it_o i_o be_o in_o doubt_n he_o be_v never_o able_a to_o do_v it_o indeed_o he_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o to_o lend_v to_o the_o rich_a be_v to_o enable_v he_o to_o oppress_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o consequent_o the_o poor_a but_o he_o do_v not_o show_v how_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v wrong_v by_o usury_n and_o yet_o no_o particular_a person_n be_v first_o oppress_v sure_o i_o be_o the_o text_n speak_v not_o of_o oppress_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o express_o name_v particular_o thy_o poor_a brother_n to_o who_o thou_o lend_v that_o he_o be_v not_o oppress_v so_o that_o the_o law_n point_v at_o a_o apparent_a and_o sensible_a person_n who_o usury_n bite_v but_o dr._n fenton_n come_v and_o tell_v we_o p._n 36_o alas_o good_a simple_a widow_n can_v they_o tell_v when_o or_o who_o or_o how_o many_o their_o usury_n do_v bite_v nay_o can_v the_o wise_a usurer_n of_o they_o all_o tell_v thus_o dr._n fenton_n because_o he_o see_v that_o in_o some_o case_n he_o can_v show_v how_o any_o particular_a person_n be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n therefore_o he_o fly_v for_o sanctuary_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o hide_v himself_o in_o the_o crowd_n while_o he_o must_v confess_v he_o can_v tell_v who_o be_v oppress_v but_o yet_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o some_o body_n in_o it_o god_n know_v who_o be_v oppress_v but_o let_v we_o see_v how_o he_o know_v in_o general_a that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n forsooth_o he_o say_v it_o make_v thing_n dear_a an_o enhaunce_n the_o price_n of_o the_o mercat_n p._n 36._o ans_fw-fr the_o dearness_n of_o thing_n be_v cause_v either_o by_o the_o scarcity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o by_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n as_o for_o the_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n it_o can_v be_v cause_v by_o usury_n for_o it_o neither_o eat_v up_o corn_n nor_o cattle_n nor_o wear_v out_o apparel_n nor_o destroy_v the_o native_a commodity_n of_o any_o country_n but_o contrary_o merchant_n and_o other_o who_o by_o usury_n be_v enable_v to_o trade_n do_v export_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v cheap_a and_o plentifull_a here_o than_o in_o other_o country_n that_o so_o they_o may_v gain_v there_o and_o do_v bring_v back_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v dear_a and_o of_o most_o necessity_n at_o home_n that_o so_o also_o they_o may_v gain_v here_o so_o that_o usury_n do_v not_o only_o not_o cause_v a_o scarcity_n but_o it_o be_v the_o mean_n of_o plenty_n in_o a_o kingdom_n for_o as_o it_o consume_v not_o that_o we_o have_v so_o it_o procure_v we_o that_o we_o want_v as_o for_o dearness_n by_o reason_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n it_o be_v no_o misery_n but_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o realm_n to_o know_v such_o a_o dearth_n those_o place_n be_v not_o the_o rich_a where_o thing_n be_v cheap_a for_o then_o scotland_n will_v excel_v england_n but_o it_o be_v the_o want_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n cheap_a in_o such_o country_n nor_o let_v any_o man_n think_v that_o if_o usury_n be_v not_o thing_n will_v be_v one_o whit_n cheap_a for_o by_o dr._n fenton_n confession_n p._n 38._o if_o usury_n be_v not_o man_n will_v tenter_v their_o wit_n either_o in_o trade_v themselves_o or_o employ_v other_o so_o that_o the_o same_o gain_n will_v be_v raise_v a_o other_o way_n for_o in_o the_o point_n of_o usury_n the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o gain_n may_v be_v make_v of_o money_n but_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o gain_n as_o for_o raise_v the_o mercat_n it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o usury_n the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v the_o owner_n of_o money_n and_o master_n of_o stock_n for_o the_o lender_n rule_n the_o borrower_n and_o the_o rich_a govern_v the_o mean_a the_o moneyed_a man_n proportion_v the_o valuation_n of_o good_n and_o by_o practice_n and_o custom_n agree_v in_o a_o common_a gain_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o bargain_v sell_v let_v and_o the_o like_a for_o instance_n the_o master_n of_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o their_o trade_n raise_v so_o much_o gain_v as_o ordinary_o amount_v to_o 20._o or_o 30._o in_o the_o 100_o at_o the_o year_n end_n which_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n they_o reckon_v with_o themselves_o that_o if_o they_o can_v borrow_v at_o 10_o in_o the_o hundred_o that_o then_o by_o such_o trade_n their_o gain_n may_v both_o pay_v the_o use_n and_o leave_v they_o 20_o or_o 10_o l._n gainer_n so_o that_o the_o borrower_n do_v trade_n by_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o mercat_n at_o the_o same_o price_n that_o the_o owner_n of_o money_n do_v and_o it_o be_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o mercat_n that_o rule_v their_o use_n and_o not_o their_o usury_n the_o mercat_n the_o difference_n be_v only_o that_o the_o owner_n prove_v the_o great_a gainer_n and_o grow_v rich_a than_o the_o borrower_n who_o keep_v but_o part_n of_o their_o get_n because_o that_o their_o stock_n be_v not_o their_o own_o and_o questionless_a the_o common_a estimation_n of_o man_n will_v not_o value_n at_o 8._o or_o 10_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o do_v not_o ordinary_o produce_v a_o competent_a increase_n both_o for_o borrower_n and_o lender_n if_o any_o man_n object_n that_o the_o prime_a gain_n which_o come_v by_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o lead_v the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v too_o great_a i_o know_v no_o other_o answer_n but_o this_o if_o common_a custom_n may_v not_o determine_v reasonable_a gain_n i_o know_v not_o how_o it_o will_v be_v resolve_v since_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n in_o scripture_n for_o it_o but_o that_o man_n may_v grow_v rich_a by_o gain_n i_o find_v both_o practise_v and_o warrant_v by_o scripture_n neither_o be_v man_n restrain_v from_o gain_v more_o by_o trade_n than_o be_v simple_o necessary_a for_o life_n and_o
be_v if_o dr._n fenton_n and_o those_o that_o condemn_v all_o usury_n have_v be_v so_o observant_a of_o the_o letter_n or_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o law_n as_o they_o do_v pretend_v they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v themselves_o so_o much_o about_o contract_n which_o be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o law_n but_o will_v rather_o have_v conclude_v that_o the_o very_a take_n of_o usury_n or_o increase_n though_o it_o be_v not_o contract_v for_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a by_o the_o law_n in_o levit._n 25._o 36._o where_o it_o be_v say_v take_v thou_o no_o usury_n of_o he_o how_o then_o can_v these_o man_n justify_v the_o take_v of_o their_o foenus_fw-la liberale_fw-mi which_o they_o commend_v or_o the_o foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la which_o they_o allow_v or_o the_o contractus_fw-la societatis_fw-la or_o partnership_n which_o they_o so_o much_o extol_v since_o all_o these_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n if_o to_o take_v increase_n be_v unlawful_a to_o the_o jew_n themselves_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n do_v seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o take_n of_o a_o gratuity_n nay_o some_o of_o they_o do_v think_v it_o usury_n if_o a_o man_n do_v but_o salute_v or_o bid_v good_a morrow_n to_o he_o that_o have_v lend_v he_o money_n if_o he_o do_v not_o use_v to_o do_v so_o before_o he_o borrow_v it_o because_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o any_o word_n deut._n 23._o our_o translation_n have_v it_o usury_n of_o anything_o sure_o such_o salvation_n be_v not_o contract_v for_o nor_o be_v of_o any_o valuable_a price_n or_o money_n worth_a i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o text_n bring_v by_o dr._n fenton_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n against_o usury_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v none_o although_o dr._n downam_n and_o some_o other_o do_v cite_v two_o text_n first_o mat._n 5._o 42._o give_v to_o he_o that_o ask_v and_o from_o he_o that_o will_v borrow_v of_o thou_o turn_v not_o away_o if_o we_o ask_v dr._n dow_n nam_fw-la whether_o every_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o lend_v to_o every_o one_o that_o ask_v his_o answer_n be_v respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o thy_o ability_n and_o of_o his_o necessity_n and_o also_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a and_o present_a necessity_n of_o his_o honesty_n if_o his_o necessity_n urge_v he_o to_o borrow_v and_o thy_o estate_n enable_v thou_o to_o lend_v thou_o be_v bind_v to_o lend_v unto_o he_o especial_o if_o his_o honesty_n deserve_v to_o be_v respect_v lect._n on_o the_o 15._o psalm_n pag._n 224._o why_o may_v not_o the_o same_o respect_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o all_o text_n against_o usury_n second_o he_o cite_v luke_n 6._o 35_o lend_v look_v for_o nothing_o thence_o last_o both_o he_o and_o dr._n fenton_n do_v apply_v all_o text_n that_o do_v mention_n lend_v free_o or_o charitableness_n to_o the_o poor_a or_o mercifulness_n to_o our_o neighbour_n as_o heap_n of_o so_o many_o place_n against_o usury_n although_o the_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o whole_a new_a testament_n as_o condemn_v for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v glad_o hear_v all_o exhortation_n to_o charity_n and_o think_v they_o more_o than_o needful_a and_o if_o any_o man_n be_v so_o great_a a_o usurer_n as_o that_o he_o make_v himself_o thereby_o unable_a to_o be_v merciful_a to_o the_o poor_a such_o a_o man_n may_v be_v just_o condemn_v and_o i_o shall_v never_o defend_v he_o but_o to_o conclude_v because_o a_o man_n must_v give_v to_o the_o poor_a therefore_o he_o may_v not_o let_v to_o the_o rich_a be_v no_o good_a consequence_n the_o text_n that_o bid_v i_o lend_v free_o do_v not_o thereby_o forbid_v not_o to_o let_v at_o all_o but_o that_o upon_o several_a occasion_n and_o according_a to_o divers_a circumstance_n i_o may_v do_v either_o if_o the_o command_v to_o observe_v one_o sort_n of_o contract_n be_v the_o prohibit_v of_o all_o other_o kind_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o i_o may_v neither_o give_v money_n to_o the_o poor_a nor_o fell_a victual_n to_o the_o rich_a because_o i_o be_o command_v to_o lend_v both_o but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n the_o law_n against_o usury_n have_v be_v moral_a and_o deliver_v in_o as_o general_a term_n as_o can_v be_v devise_v be_v there_o not_o many_o law_n and_o text_n which_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v expound_v otherwise_o than_o the_o bare_a letter_n sound_v and_o according_a to_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o natural_a reason_n so_o that_o it_o contradict_v not_o any_o other_o plain_a or_o necessary_a doctrine_n nor_o overthrow_v the_o analogy_n of_o faith_n there_o be_v a_o law_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n that_o say_v swear_v not_o at_o all_o and_o again_o he_o say_v to_o he_o that_o ask_v give_v neither_o of_o these_o law_n must_v be_v literal_o understand_v but_o interpret_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o natural_a reason_n and_o discretion_n christ_n forbid_v his_o diciple_n to_o carry_v gold_n or_o silver_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o coin_n in_o their_o purse_n i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o dr._n fenton_n and_o other_o have_v follow_v the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n but_o i_o trust_v they_o will_v grant_v a_o interpretation_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o bare_a letter_n there_o be_v divers_a such_o text_n as_o if_o thy_o eye_n offend_v thou_o pull_v it_o out_o pray_v continual_o if_o any_o sue_v thou_o for_o thy_o coat_n let_v he_o have_v thy_o cloak_n also_o all_o which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o otherwise_o understand_v than_o the_o bare_a word_n do_v bear_v will_v bring_v great_a confusion_n with_o they_o and_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o no_o reason_n nor_o law_n can_v or_o may_v allow_v in_o any_o case_n the_o light_n of_o nature_n must_v help_v to_o guide_v we_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o many_o text_n it_o be_v dr._n fentons_n own_o confession_n p._n 34._o that_o usury_n be_v a_o question_n of_o that_o nature_n as_o be_v not_o only_o determinable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o scripture_n but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n those_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o common_a equity_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n which_o point_n have_v need_n be_v well_o consider_v because_o as_o mr._n hooker_n say_v a_o number_n there_o be_v who_o think_v they_o can_v admire_v as_o they_o ought_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n if_o in_o thing_n divine_a they_o shall_v attribute_v any_o force_n to_o man_n reason_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o never_o use_v reason_n so_o willing_o as_o to_o disgrace_v reason_n p._n 97._o nor_o let_v any_o man_n think_v say_v he_o that_o follow_v the_o judgement_n of_o natural_a discretion_n we_o can_v have_v no_o assurance_n to_o please_v god_n for_o to_o the_o author_n and_o god_n of_o nature_n how_o shall_v any_o operation_n proceed_v in_o natural_a sort_n be_v in_o that_o respect_n unacceptable_a the_o nature_n which_o himself_o have_v give_v to_o work_v by_o he_o can_v but_o be_v delight_v with_o when_o we_o exercise_v the_o same_o any_o way_n without_o commandment_n of_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_a p._n 60._o now_o if_o any_o place_n in_o the_o bible_n may_v receive_v a_o interpretation_n from_o the_o rule_n and_o principle_n of_o natural_a reason_n why_o may_v not_o the_o text_n of_o usury_n since_o it_o be_v conversant_a altogether_o about_o covenant_n and_o contract_n which_o be_v ground_v only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o many_o case_n there_o be_v which_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o to_o be_v no_o apparent_a breach_n of_o charity_n nor_o any_o injustice_n find_v in_o they_o insomuch_o that_o dr._n downam_n be_v bring_v thereby_o to_o such_o a_o straight_a as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o respect_n which_o make_v usury_n unlawful_a beside_o the_o hurt_n of_o our_o neighbour_n p._n 44._o and_o 125._o but_o if_o charity_n be_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n i_o will_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o talk_v their_o fill_n yet_o i_o can_v believe_v how_o usury_n can_v be_v a_o sin_n if_o it_o hurt_v not_o my_o neighbour_n their_o pretence_n of_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o rich_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a sanctuary_n of_o ignorance_n and_o a_o fiction_n which_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v since_o it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o rich_a commonwealth_n whether_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o prove_v the_o law_n against_o usury_n to_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a d._n downam_n produce_v a_o main_a argument_n which_o be_v not_o in_o dr._n fenton_n his_o word_n be_v the_o law_n which_o command_v
all_o which_o be_v reducible_a to_o some_o one_o commandment_n or_o other_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n if_o all_o the_o levitical_a law_n be_v read_v over_o it_o can_v be_v find_v that_o ever_o any_o judicial_a be_v deliver_v with_o such_o restriction_n qualification_n and_o diminish_v term_n as_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n thy_o brother_n thy_o poor_a brother_n thy_o poor_a brother_n that_o be_v with_o thou_o the_o general_a name_n of_o neighbour_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o use_v about_o it_o it_o be_v no_o where_o say_v thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o thy_o neighbour_n beside_o this_o law_n have_v a_o allowance_n which_o no_o other_o judicial_a have_v and_o last_o this_o law_n of_o usury_n take_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o adversary_n for_o all_o increase_n from_o the_o rich_a also_o can_v be_v no_o breach_n of_o charity_n in_o some_o case_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o equity_n in_o it_o which_o be_v find_v even_o in_o all_o judicial_n indeed_o i_o find_v dr._n downam_n bring_v to_o such_o straits_n as_o to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o respect_n which_o make_v usury_n unlawful_a beside_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o neighbour_n pag._n 295._o but_o if_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o that_o law_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o second_o table_n as_o dr._n fenton_n affirm_v how_o it_o can_v be_v a_o sin_n without_o breach_n of_o charity_n to_o the_o neighbour_n pass_v my_o understanding_n since_o charity_n be_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o law_n whereas_o dr._n downam_n do_v compare_v usury_n to_o a_o officious_a lie_n which_o be_v a_o sin_n though_o it_o hurt_v not_o but_o help_v the_o neighbour_n pag._n 277._o it_o be_v true_a a_o officious_a lie_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o a_o sin_n against_o the_o first_o commandment_n of_o the_o first_o table_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o truth_n which_o be_v a_o essential_a attribute_n of_o god_n every_o one_o that_o lie_v do_v thereby_o deny_v and_o forsake_v the_o true_a god_n let_v dr._n downam_n tell_v we_o which_o commandment_n of_o the_o first_o table_n be_v by_o usury_n violate_v it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o our_o allegiance_n to_o god_n this_o be_v but_o beg_v of_o the_o question_n unless_o this_o disobedience_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o some_o particular_a precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o the_o officious_a lie_n be_v to_o be_v first_o as_o for_o general_a disobedience_n it_o be_v a_o sin_n that_o go_v through_o all_o the_o commandment_n and_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o each_o particular_a precept_n according_a to_o the_o several_a object_n of_o it_o it_o be_v further_a insist_v on_o that_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n be_v couple_v in_o ezekiel_n 18._o with_o sin_n against_o the_o moral_a law_n from_o thence_o a_o inference_n be_v make_v that_o itself_o must_v be_v moral_a answ_n 1._o if_o we_o look_v upon_o other_o scripture_n we_o shall_v find_v judicial_n and_o moral_n mingle_v together_o in_o the_o give_n of_o the_o law_n we_o may_v see_v in_o levit._n 19_o 9_o the_o prohibition_n of_o reap_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o field_n and_o glean_v the_o vineyard_n which_o be_v judicial_n set_v immediate_o before_o the_o forbid_a of_o steal_v lie_v and_o swear_v which_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n in_o the_o 13._o verse_n of_o the_o same_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v not_o defraud_v thy_o neighbour_n nor_o rob_v he_o the_o wage_n of_o he_o that_o be_v hire_v shall_v not_o abide_v with_o thou_o all_o night_n until_o the_o morning_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v moral_a the_o latter_a be_v judicial_a and_o also_o in_o the_o 16._o verse_n the_o prohibition_n of_o enchantment_n or_o witchcraft_n be_v set_v between_o the_o forbid_v of_o eat_a blood_n and_o round_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o head_n and_o mar_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o beard_n second_o whereas_o dr._n downam_n say_v pag_n 219._o the_o holy_a ghost_n decipher_v a_o wicked_a man_n that_o shall_v die_v the_o death_n if_o he_o do_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n we_o find_v first_o that_o the_o word_n in_o the_o orginal_a be_v if_o he_o do_v like_a to_o any_o one_o of_o these_o thing_n or_o as_o our_o new_a translation_n have_v it_o in_o the_o margin_n or_o that_o do_v to_o his_o brother_n beside_o any_o of_o these_o three_o whereas_o dr._n downam_n conjoyn_v these_o sin_n by_o the_o disjumctive_a or_o our_o new_a translator_n use_v the_o copulative_a and_o last_o to_o confound_v dr._n downam_n opinion_n the_o text_n in_o the_o 13._o verse_n say_v he_o have_v do_v all_o these_o abomination_n he_o shall_v sure_o die_v and_o good_a reason_n for_o some_o of_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n as_o idolatry_n and_o adultery_n but_o usury_n or_o the_o take_n and_o keep_v of_o a_o pledge_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o punishment_n appoint_v by_o moses_n neither_o have_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o restore_v the_o pledge_n be_v judicial_a and_o not_o moral_a but_o let_v it_o be_v grant_v to_o dr._n downam_n that_o which_o he_o can_v never_o prove_v that_o death_n be_v threaten_v by_o ezekiel_n to_o usury_n may_v it_o not_o still_o be_v a_o judicial_a law_n for_o all_o that_o be_v not_o the_o law_n in_o exod._n 21._o 1._o a_o judicial_a whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o a_o hebrew-bond-servant_n shall_v at_o seven_o year_n end_n be_v free_a and_o at_o liberty_n yet_o god_n do_v threaten_v the_o people_n for_o break_v this_o law_n by_o reassume_v their_o servant_n with_o a_o liberty_n to_o the_o sword_n to_o the_o pestilence_n and_o to_o the_o famine_n jerem._n 34._o 17._o also_o in_o numb_a 15._o 35._o the_o man_n that_o gather_v stick_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v stone_v by_o god_n appointment_n and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v but_o judicial_a and_o not_o moral_a before_o i_o conclude_v this_o question_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n against_o usury_n it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o remove_v a_o scruple_n that_o be_v object_v it_o may_v be_v ask_v of_o i_o that_o maintain_v there_o be_v no_o law_n in_o scripture_n now_o in_o force_n against_o usury_n what_o text_n can_v be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a answ_n there_o need_v none_o for_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o now_o forbid_v it_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n reason_n and_o custom_n do_v make_v it_o lawful_a about_o thing_n easy_a and_o manifest_a say_v mr._n hooker_n by_o common_a sense_n there_o need_v no_o high_a consultation_n the_o mean_n of_o some_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o to_o search_v the_o scripture_n of_o god_n for_o the_o order_n of_o they_o be_v to_o derogate_v from_o the_o reverend_a authority_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o scripture_n if_o i_o shall_v ask_v dr._n fenton_n what_o text_n he_o have_v to_o prove_v that_o let_v of_o land_n be_v lawful_a it_o will_v ask_v he_o some_o time_n to_o find_v it_o or_o how_o he_o can_v warrant_v the_o sell_n of_o land_n which_o be_v express_o forbid_v in_o the_o law_n levit._n 25._o 23._o it_o may_v be_v i_o can_v allege_v as_o good_a a_o text_n for_o usury_n i_o think_v the_o 6_o of_o luke_n which_o be_v allege_v against_o it_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n be_v produce_v for_o it_o and_o if_o we_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o literal_a and_o common_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o original_a we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o command_v there_o what_o exception_n can_v be_v take_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v translate_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v not_o that_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n in_o all_o author_n have_v not_o the_o latin_a borrow_v the_o word_n danista_n a_o usurer_n and_o danisma_n usury_n from_o the_o greek_a although_o our_o translation_n say_v only_o lend_v this_o general_a word_n may_v also_o comprehend_v lend_v upon_o use_n it_o accord_v with_o the_o original_a and_o cross_v not_o the_o translation_n but_o it_o may_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n may_v be_v here_o in_o this_o text_n allow_v by_o our_o adversary_n if_o we_o will_v observe_v as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o text_n to_o look_v for_o nothing_o again_o these_o word_n of_o look_v or_o hope_v for_o nothing_o again_o although_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a they_o have_v another_o more_o proper_a signification_n as_o be_v show_v by_o beza_n who_o be_v no_o friend_n to_o usury_n you_o shall_v have_v his_o word_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o luke_n 6._o 35._o i_o confess_v say_v he_o that_o i_o never_o read_v in_o any_o other_o place_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o signification_n to_o hope_v
it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v where_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o covenant_n or_o contract_n again_o dr._n fenton_n say_v pag._n 129._o that_o the_o poison_n of_o usury_n be_v in_o some_o contract_n so_o close_o and_o cunning_o convey_v as_o the_o very_a turn_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v alter_v the_o case_n to_o make_v it_o just_a or_o unjust_a the_o contract_n remain_v one_o and_o the_o same_o if_o one_o and_o the_o same_o contract_n may_v be_v just_a and_o unjust_a than_o all_o contract_n be_v not_o unjust_a by_o his_o own_o confession_n in_o another_o place_n p._n 125._o he_o tell_v we_o we_o may_v puzzle_v he_o with_o some_o case_n so_o cunning_o contrive_v wherein_o we_o can_v find_v no_o difference_n either_o in_o justice_n or_o charity_n from_o other_o lawful_a contract_n then_o quaere_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v within_o the_o definition_n of_o usury_n if_o it_o appear_v just_a and_o lawful_a it_o shall_v not_o appear_v usurious_a it_o may_v perhaps_o border_v or_o coast_n upon_o usury_n yet_o our_o conclusion_n shall_v still_o remain_v entire_a that_o usury_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v simple_o unlawful_a a_o trim_a conclusion_n but_o what_o be_v we_o the_o wise_a for_o know_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a unless_o he_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v proper_o call_v usury_n this_o be_v the_o main_a doubt_n what_o be_v usury_n and_o what_o be_v not_o whether_o all_o increase_n or_o increase_v only_o from_o the_o poor_a whether_o all_o contract_n for_o gain_v by_o money_n be_v usury_n if_o dr._n fenton_n may_v be_v puzzle_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o tell_v we_o what_o contract_n differ_v from_o justice_n and_o charity_n and_o what_o not_o if_o one_o and_o the_o same_o contract_n may_v be_v just_a and_o unjust_a if_o that_o usurious_a contract_n as_o they_o do_v approach_v unto_o equity_n so_o far_o forth_o do_v decline_v the_o nature_n of_o usury_n then_o be_v we_o still_o ignorant_a what_o proper_o be_v usury_n only_o we_o may_v know_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a if_o we_o know_v what_o it_o be_v this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o safe_a retreat_n that_o dr._n fenton_n find_v 5._o concern_v humane_a testimony_n of_o father_n council_n divine_n heathen_n and_o law_n as_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o father_n and_o council_n we_o do_v affirm_v that_o neither_o father_n nor_o council_n do_v ever_o define_v usury_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o contract_n for_o gain_n they_o be_v not_o so_o curious_a or_o subtle_a in_o those_o age_n as_o to_o define_v it_o at_o all_o but_o most_o of_o those_o few_o passage_n that_o be_v in_o they_o may_v best_o be_v understand_v to_o mean_v only_o such_o usury_n as_o be_v a_o oppression_n to_o the_o poor_a as_o for_o aristotle_n plutarch_n cato_n seneea_n pliny_n and_o some_o other_o i_o shall_v offer_v the_o confession_n of_o dr._n fenton_n p._n 65._o who_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o very_a conceit_n of_o these_o ground_n of_o the_o philosopher_n argument_n have_v move_v many_o to_o think_v more_o favourable_o of_o usury_n itself_o than_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n the_o force_n of_o the_o philosopher_n argument_n take_v from_o the_o barrenness_n of_o money_n and_o the_o unnatural_a brood_n of_o usury_n be_v mingle_v with_o metaphor_n if_o it_o be_v not_o right_o apprehend_v be_v obscure_a and_o doubtful_a that_o also_o of_o spend_v money_n in_o the_o first_o use_n as_o if_o use_n and_o property_n be_v inseparable_a be_v much_o subject_n to_o cavil_v by_o these_o passage_n we_o may_v see_v what_o little_a confidence_n dr._n fenton_n put_v in_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n against_o usury_n as_o for_o the_o bare_a authority_n of_o these_o man_n the_o speculative_a determination_n of_o so_o few_o philosopher_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o grave_a wisdom_n of_o whole_a state_n which_o by_o practice_n &_o by_o custom_n in_o all_o age_n have_v approve_v thereof_o i_o know_v the_o abuse_n of_o usury_n have_v give_v just_a cause_n both_o to_o christian_n and_o heathen_n to_o declaim_v bitter_o against_o it_o merchandize_v as_o dr._n fenton_n tell_v we_o also_o let_v of_o land_n and_o other_o trade_n have_v their_o manifold_a abuse_n and_o yet_o be_v thing_n lawful_a in_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o all_o other_o trade_n do_v oppress_v but_o within_o their_o own_o circle_n or_o limit_n and_o in_o such_o particular_n wherein_o they_o deal_v usury_n deal_v with_o money_n which_o be_v use_v in_o all_o trade_n have_v make_v the_o abuse_n thereof_o more_o general_a and_o therefore_o all_o man_n have_v the_o more_o frequent_a occasion_n to_o speak_v against_o it_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o all_o the_o best_a ancient_a law_n both_o heathen_a and_o christian_n and_o which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n at_o this_o day_n do_v allow_v usury_n the_o law_n of_o venice_n genoa_n and_o the_o low-countries_n three_o simple_o the_o rich_a state_n in_o europe_n do_v allow_v thereof_o and_o yet_o be_v free_a from_o poor_a which_o persuade_v that_o usury_n be_v not_o so_o hurtful_a to_o a_o state_n as_o for_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o land_n they_o do_v vary_v and_o one_o statute_n mislike_n and_o repeal_v another_o but_o they_o all_o allow_v usury_n of_o orphan_n and_o the_o law_n last_o make_v since_o the_o death_n of_o dr._n fenton_n in_o the_o 21._o year_n of_o king_n james_n do_v allow_v eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n and_o also_o of_o the_o chancery_n in_o point_n of_o equity_n do_v not_o only_o allow_v interest_n where_o there_o be_v a_o contract_n for_o it_o but_o also_o do_v give_v it_o where_o there_o be_v none_o to_o end_v this_o point_n if_o all_o law_n and_o state_n have_v think_v all_o usury_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o also_o mischievous_a to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o if_o that_o partnership_n be_v a_o mean_v both_o lawful_a and_o beneficial_a it_o be_v strange_a that_o no_o practice_n nor_o law_n of_o any_o nation_n will_v never_o establish_v this_o latter_a and_o for_o all_o the_o world_n to_o tolerate_v a_o sin_n when_o so_o easy_a a_o remedy_n have_v be_v at_o hand_n have_v be_v a_o universal_a madness_n 6._o argument_n against_o usury_n it_o be_v to_o some_o doubtful_a therefore_o unlawful_a because_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n answ_n this_o argument_n do_v not_o make_v it_o simple_o unlawful_a to_o all_o but_o only_o to_o such_o as_o doubt_v and_o therefore_o it_o prove_v not_o the_o point_n for_o dr._n fenton_n his_o position_n be_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o sin_n and_o so_o nothing_o indifferent_a by_o this_o doctrine_n he_o first_o perplex_v the_o understanding_n of_o the_o weak_a and_o so_o make_v they_o doubt_n and_o when_o he_o find_v they_o doubtful_a he_o use_v their_o doubt_v to_o prove_v it_o unlawful_a because_o they_o doubt_v whereas_o if_o it_o be_v simple_o a_o sin_n of_o itself_o it_o be_v as_o well_o a_o sin_n if_o a_o man_n doubt_v not_o as_o if_o he_o doubt_v and_o the_o place_n of_o st._n paul_n rome_n 14._o by_o he_o allege_v speak_v not_o of_o sin_n but_o of_o thing_n indifferent_a as_o eat_v which_o by_o doubt_v only_o be_v make_v sin_n to_o the_o doubter_n and_o to_o no_o body_n else_o now_o if_o the_o cause_n why_o man_n doubt_v whether_o all_o usury_n be_v sin_n be_v only_o for_o that_o dr._n fenton_n and_o some_o other_o teach_v so_o than_o the_o sin_n of_o those_o that_o doubt_n may_v fall_v heavy_a upon_o the_o causer_n of_o it_o and_o if_o dr._n fenton_n allow_v usury_n to_o be_v doubtful_a it_o can_v but_o argue_v rashness_n peremptory_o to_o determine_v there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o thereby_o to_o ensnare_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o simple_a beside_o the_o doubt_v speak_v of_o by_o the_o apostle_n though_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a yet_o former_o before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n they_o be_v thing_n necessary_o prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n but_o after_z take_v away_o by_o the_o gospel_n so_o that_o to_o doubt_v of_o they_o be_v consequent_o to_o condemn_v the_o gospel_n and_o deny_v the_o faith_n in_o christ_n but_o the_o doubt_n of_o usury_n be_v no_o establish_n of_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n or_o overthrow_v of_o our_o belief_n and_o faith_n in_o the_o gospel_n neither_o be_v all_o doubt_v mean_v but_o such_o only_a as_o overcome_v faith_n for_o there_o be_v no_o faith_n but_o it_o be_v mingle_v with_o some_o doubt_n last_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o faith_n shall_v be_v always_o ground_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v persuade_v of_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n or_o by_o sense_n he_o be_v just_o say_v to_o believe_v it_o to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o doctrine_n
benefit_n himself_o by_o the_o use_n of_o another_o man_n good_n do_v therein_o uncharitable_o desire_v the_o hindrance_n of_o his_o neighbour_n also_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n which_o be_v make_v by_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a pag._n 100_o answ_n 1._o this_o be_v no_o proof_n against_o all_o increase_n of_o money_n but_o only_o against_o excessive_a gain_n whereas_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o usury_n of_o a_o penny_n in_o the_o hundred_o be_v a_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o of_o ten_o pound_n second_o by_o this_o rule_n all_o gain_n of_o merchandize_v be_v condemn_v which_o be_v ordinary_o far_a great_a than_o that_o of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o three_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n by_o lend_v must_v be_v estimate_v by_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o country_n otherwise_o how_o can_v any_o man_n conscience_n warrant_v he_o to_o purchase_v any_o inheritance_n man_n buy_v land_n to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o that_o be_v till_o doomsday_n which_o when_o it_o will_v come_v no_o man_n know_v and_o yet_o as_o if_o every_o purchaser_n know_v the_o hour_n he_o bargain_v for_o land_n at_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n but_o the_o last_o day_n may_v come_v within_o a_o year_n or_o within_o fifteen_o or_o perhaps_o not_o within_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n howsoever_o it_o be_v uncertain_a yet_o the_o public_a valuation_n do_v esteem_v it_o certain_a and_o no_o man_n buy_v land_n at_o fifteen_o year_n purchase_n upon_o condition_n that_o doomsday_n come_v not_o before_o because_o perhaps_o then_o he_o may_v have_v a_o dear_a pennyworth_n nor_o upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o world_n last_v long_o than_o fifteen_o year_n that_o thenceforward_o the_o purchaser_n shall_v pay_v a_o further_a sum_n no_o but_o custom_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o absolute_a bargain_n though_o by_o the_o mere_a act_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v make_v a_o dear_a purchase_n as_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n in_o usury_n make_v against_o trade_v or_o merchandize_v so_o thereby_o also_o bargain_v for_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o year_n will_v be_v make_v unjust_a and_o this_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v if_o we_o examine_v one_o of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v example_n of_o usury_n in_o this_o kind_n if_o say_v he_o pag._n 21._o purposely_o to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n i_o will_v purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o ten_o year_n this_o be_v bargain_n and_o sale_n yet_o the_o very_a same_o with_o usury_n differ_v only_o in_o parchment_n and_o manner_n of_o covenant_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o iniquity_n and_o inequality_n poison_v with_o purpose_n of_o avoid_v the_o statute_n and_o penalty_n of_o usury_n ans_fw-fr 1._o if_o only_o the_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n make_v his_o case_n to_o be_v usury_n then_o before_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v no_o usury_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v a_o penalty_n that_o be_v not_o and_o this_o be_v to_o make_v usury_n a_o breach_n only_o of_o man_n law_n and_o not_o of_o god_n let_v we_o ask_v dr._n fenton_n whether_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o annuity_n buy_v with_o money_n be_v usury_n simple_o in_o itself_o he_o dare_v not_o say_v it_o his_o answer_n be_v pag._n 129._o we_o can_v condemn_v it_o for_o usury_n and_o yet_o he_o see_v most_o apparent_o it_o be_v of_o the_o very_a selfsame_a nature_n with_o lend_v upon_o bond_n and_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o security_n upon_o bond_n a_o man_n tie_v himself_o upon_o a_o lease_n a_o man_n tie_v his_o land_n in_o both_o these_o there_o be_v the_o like_a increase_n by_o money_n and_o both_o pay_v alike_o at_o the_o end_n second_o this_o case_n i_o find_v put_v of_o a_o lease_n that_o bring_v in_o above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o thereby_o to_o make_v it_o more_o odious_a but_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o put_v it_o in_o other_o term_n and_o then_o ask_v his_o opinion_n if_o with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n i_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o twenty_o shilling_n over_o yearly_a for_o ten_o year_n be_v this_o usury_n because_o it_o be_v a_o increase_n above_o the_o principal_a it_o be_v the_o very_a selfsame_a bargain_n in_o nature_n with_o he_o it_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o quantity_n of_o increase_n now_o both_o by_o his_o definition_n and_o argument_n as_o well_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o penny_n be_v usury_n as_o of_o ten_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o so_o then_o by_o his_o doctrine_n a_o man_n may_v not_o buy_v a_o lease_n worth_a one_o penny_n more_o than_o his_o principal_n if_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o bargain_n and_o sale_n of_o lease_n be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v reasonable_a otherwise_o not_o then_o if_o the_o unreasonableness_n only_o of_o the_o bargain_n make_v it_o a_o sin_n of_o usury_n than_o the_o former_a doctrine_n which_o say_v all_o increase_n be_v usury_n be_v thereby_o deny_v and_o i_o confess_v that_o a_o unreasonable_a bargain_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o of_o theft_n in_o general_n not_o of_o usury_n three_o the_o principal_a purpose_n in_o buy_v a_o annuity_n or_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v to_o gain_v by_o a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o since_o it_o can_v not_o safe_o be_v do_v by_o bond_n therefore_o by_o a_o second_o intention_n man_n labour_v to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n so_o that_o to_o gain_v and_o in_o gain_v to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n be_v the_o purpose_n of_o such_o contract_n and_o not_o chief_o to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n which_o may_v best_o be_v avoid_v by_o not_o purchase_v at_o all_o four_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n to_o avoid_v a_o statute_n by_o lawful_a mean_n if_o the_o contract_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a why_o shall_v it_o be_v a_o vice_n and_o not_o a_o virtue_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n since_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v to_o force_v man_n to_o avoid_v they_o by_o lawful_a mean_n five_o whereas_o dr._n fenton_n pag._n 129._o conclude_v that_o if_o simple_o without_o any_o pretence_n such_o annuity_n of_o rent_n be_v buy_v or_o sell_v we_o can_v condemn_v it_o for_o usury_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o pretence_n or_o intention_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o not_o the_o contract_n make_v it_o usury_n and_o that_o as_o he_o himself_o confess_v pag._n 128._o if_o the_o intention_n be_v right_a that_o which_o formal_o be_v usurious_a upon_o the_o matter_n may_v in_o justice_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o lawful_a contract_n if_o formal_a usury_n may_v be_v no_o usury_n we_o must_v look_v for_o a_o new_a definition_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n and_o not_o in_o dr._n fenton_n treatise_n and_o if_o usury_n be_v commit_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v what_o contract_n will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n without_o usury_n to_o instance_n in_o some_o other_o contract_n let_v we_o consider_v of_o the_o absolute_a buy_n and_o sell_v of_o land_n or_o of_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n for_o life_n because_o these_o two_o contract_n be_v esteem_v by_o most_o man_n to_o be_v the_o lawfull_a of_o all_o other_o yet_o in_o both_o these_o the_o just_a and_o ordinary_a valuation_n both_o of_o fee_n simple_a land_n and_o of_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v ground_v and_o guide_v by_o usury_n only_o and_o as_o the_o use_n of_o money_n go_v high_a or_o low_o so_o the_o price_n of_o these_o rise_n and_o fall_v so_o that_o in_o very_a truth_n he_o that_o purchase_v land_n be_v the_o great_a usurer_n in_o the_o world_n because_o he_o make_v the_o great_a and_o certain_a gain_n by_o his_o bargain_n for_o example_n admit_v land_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v for_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n and_o let_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n be_v make_v away_o for_o so_o little_a a_o sum_n as_o the_o land_n will_v bring_v home_o in_o sixteen_o year_n what_o conscience_n be_v there_o to_o keep_v that_o for_o ever_o which_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n pay_v the_o purchaser_n his_o principal_n there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o reason_n yield_v for_o this_o great_a disproportion_n but_o this_o that_o both_o the_o purchaser_n and_o seller_n do_v equal_o value_v the_o use_n of_o the_o money_n and_o do_v make_v the_o bargain_n according_o the_o purchase-mony_n consider_v with_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v last_v about_o a_o 1000_o year_n in_o pay_v yearly_a so_o much_o as_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n be_v therefore_o the_o purchaser_n expect_v to_o enjoy_v and_o the_o seller_n intend_v to_o part_v with_o the_o land_n for_o ever_o because_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n after_o a_o thousand_o year_n be_v not_o valuable_a for_o that_o ordinary_o within_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o ancient_a