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be_v in_o all_o house_n a_o little_a furnish_v they_o make_v use_v of_o spitting-pot_n which_o they_o carry_v in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n they_o neither_o cough_n nor_o spit_v nor_o wipe_v their_o nose_n the_o betel_a which_o they_o continual_o chew_v and_o the_o juice_n of_o which_o they_o swallow_v at_o pleasure_n hinder_v they_o nevertheless_o they_o can_v take_v betel_a in_o the_o prince_n presence_n but_o only_o continue_v to_o chew_v that_o which_o they_o have_v already_o in_o their_o mouth_n they_o refuse_v nothing_o that_o be_v offer_v they_o and_o dare_v not_o to_o say_v i_o have_v enough_o as_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n be_v always_o among_o they_o the_o most_o honourable_a siamese_n what_o be_v the_o great_a affront_n among_o the_o siamese_n the_o head_n as_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v also_o the_o most_o respect_a to_o touch_v any_o person_n on_o the_o head_n or_o the_o hair_n or_o to_o stroke_v one_o hand_n over_o the_o head_n be_v to_o offer_v he_o the_o great_a of_o all_o affront_n to_o touch_v his_o bonnet_n if_o he_o leave_v it_o any_o where_o be_v a_o great_a incivility_n the_o mode_n of_o this_o country_n among_o the_o european_n which_o dwell_v there_o be_v never_o to_o leave_v their_o hat_n in_o a_o low_a place_n but_o to_o give_v it_o to_o a_o servant_n who_o carry_v it_o high_o than_o his_o head_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o stick_n and_o without_o touch_v it_o and_o this_o stick_n have_v a_o foot_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v stand_v up_o if_o he_o that_o carry_v it_o be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v it_o the_o most_o respectful_a or_o to_o say_v better_o the_o most_o humble_a posture_n respectful_a what_o posture_n be_v more_o or_o less_o respectful_a be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o do_v all_o keep_v themselves_o continual_o before_o their_o king_n in_o which_o they_o express_v to_o he_o more_o respect_n than_o the_o chineses_n do_v to_o they_o they_o keep_v themselves_o prostrate_a on_o their_o knee_n 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seat_n but_o it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a to_o be_v stand_v than_o sit_v when_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n have_v his_o first_o audience_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o french_a gentleman_n which_o accompany_v he_o shall_v enter_v first_o into_o the_o hall_n and_o seat_n themselves_o on_o their_o heel_n before_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n appear_v to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o prince_n may_v not_o see_v they_o a_o moment_n stand_v they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o salute_v he_o when_o he_o appear_v this_o prince_n never_o suffer_v the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o jesuit_n to_o appear_v stand_v before_o he_o in_o the_o audience_n it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o stand_v in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o palace_n unless_o while_o walk_v and_o if_o in_o this_o last_o voyage_n of_o 1687_o at_o the_o first_o audience_n of_o the_o king_n ambassador_n the_o french_a gentleman_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o enter_v when_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v already_o visible_a it_o be_v only_o because_o the_o mandarin_n which_o have_v accompany_v the_o ambassador_n of_o siam_n into_o france_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o gallery_n of_o versailles_n when_o the_o king_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o throne_n which_o he_o have_v erect_v there_o france_n how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n accomodate_v the_o ceremony_n of_o his_o court_n to_o those_o of_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v that_o respect_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o to_o acquaint_v he_o by_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o custom_n in_o his_o court_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n he_o will_v alter_v it_o and_o when_o the_o king_n ambassador_n arrive_v in_o this_o country_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n affect_v indeed_o to_o make_v they_o a_o reception_n different_a in_o several_a thing_n from_o that_o which_o he_o have_v make_v to_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n to_o conform_v it_o the_o more_o to_o that_o which_o he_o understand_v the_o king_n have_v make_v to_o his_o ambassador_n he_o do_v one_o thing_n when_o mr._n des_fw-fr farges_n salute_v he_o which_o never_o have_v any_o precedent_n at_o siam_n for_o he_o command_v that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o court_n shall_v stand_v in_o his_o presence_n as_o do_v mr._n des_fw-fr farges_n and_o the_o other_o french_a officer_n which_o accompany_v he_o sit_v why_o i_o choose_v to_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n rather_o stand_v than_o sit_v remember_v therefore_o that_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n have_v demand_v to_o compliment_v he_o sit_v and_o know_v that_o his_o ambassador_n have_v speak_v stand_v to_o the_o king_n a_o honour_n which_o he_o high_o esteem_v he_o inform_v i_o that_o he_o will_v grant_v i_o the_o liberty_n to_o speak_v to_o he_o sit_v or_o stand_v and_o i_o choose_v to_o deliver_v all_o my_o compliment_n stand_v and_o if_o i_o can_v have_v raise_v myself_o high_a i_o shall_v have_v receive_v more_o honour_n it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n as_o they_o inform_v i_o a_o mark_n of_o respect_n for_o the_o king_n letter_n not_o to_o receive_v they_o stand_v but_o sit_v civility_n another_o siamese_n civility_n to_o lay_v a_o thing_n upon_o one_o head_n which_o be_v give_v or_o receive_v be_v at_o siam_n and_o in_o a_o great_a many_o other_o country_n a_o very_a great_a mark_n of_o respect_n the_o spaniard_n for_o example_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o express_a law_n to_o render_v this_o respect_n to_o the_o cedule_n or_o write_v order_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o their_o king_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v please_v to_o see_v i_o put_v the_o king_n letter_n on_o my_o head_n in_o deliver_v it_o to_o he_o he_o cry_v out_o and_o demand_v where_o i_o have_v learn_v that_o civility_n use_v in_o his_o country_n he_o have_v lift_v up_o to_o his_o forehead_n the_o king_n letter_n which_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n deliver_v he_o but_o understanding_n by_o the_o report_n of_o his_o ambassador_n that_o this_o civility_n be_v not_o know_v in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n he_o omit_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o king_n letter_n which_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o deliver_v he_o siamese_n the_o manner_n of_o salute_v among_o the_o siamese_n when_o a_o siamese_n salute_v he_o lift_v up_o either_o both_o his_o hand_n join_v or_o at_o least_o his_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o top_n of_o his_o forehead_n as_o it_o be_v to_o put_v he_o who_o he_o salute_v on_o his_o head_n as_o often_o as_o they_o take_v the_o liberty_n to_o answer_v to_o their_o king_n they_o always_o begin_v again_o with_o these_o word_n pra_fw-la pouti_fw-la tchaou-ca_a co_z rap_o pra_fw-la ouncan_fw-fr sai_fw-fr claou_fw-la sai_fw-fr cramom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a and_o mighty_a lord_n of_o i_o thy_o slave_n i_o desire_v to_o take_v thy_o royal_a word_n and_o put_v it_o on_o my_o brain_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o my_o head_n and_o it_o be_v from_o these_o word_n tchaou-ca_a which_o signify_v lord_n of_o i_o thy_o slave_n that_o among_o the_o french_a be_v spring_v up_o this_o way_n of_o speak_v fair_a choca_fw-mi to_o signify_v ta_o vai_fw-fr bang_n come_v or_o to_o prostrate_v himself_o after_o the_o siamese_n manner_n fair_a la_fw-fr zombaye_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n signify_v to_o present_v he_o a_o petition_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o perform_v the_o cocha_n i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o the_o portuguese_n have_v borrow_a this_o way_n of_o speak_v if_o you_o stretch_v out_o your_o hand_n to_o a_o siamese_n to_o take_v hold_n on_o he_o he_o put_v both_o his_o hand_n underneath_o you_o as_o to_o put_v himself_o entire_o into_o your_o power_n it_o be_v a_o incivility_n in_o their_o opinion_n to_o give_v only_o one_o hand_n as_o also_o not_o to_o hold_v
what_o they_o present_v you_o with_o both_o their_o hand_n and_o not_o to_o take_v with_o both_o hand_n what_o they_o receive_v from_o you_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v as_o concern_v the_o civility_n with_o which_o the_o siamese_n inspire_v their_o child_n although_o i_o have_v not_o exhaust_v this_o subject_a chap._n ix_o of_o the_o study_n of_o the_o siamese_n talapoin_n they_o put_v their_o child_n to_o the_o talapoin_n when_o they_o have_v educate_v their_o child_n to_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n old_a they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convent_n of_o talapoin_n and_o make_v they_o assume_v the_o habit_n of_o a_o talapoin_n for_o it_o be_v a_o profession_n which_o oblige_v not_o and_o which_o be_v quit_v at_o pleasure_n without_o disgrace_n these_o little_a talapoin_n be_v call_v nen_n they_o be_v not_o pensioner_n but_o their_o friend_n do_v daily_o send_v they_o food_n some_o of_o these_o nen_n be_v of_o a_o good_a family_n and_o have_v one_o or_o more_o slave_n to_o wait_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v teach_v principal_o to_o read_v to_o write_v and_o to_o cast_v account_n learn_v what_o they_o learn_v by_o reason_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o merchant_n and_o that_o all_o the_o siamese_n do_v exercise_v traffic_n they_o be_v teach_v the_o principle_n of_o their_o morality_n and_o the_o fable_n of_o their_o sommona-codom_a but_o no_o history_n nor_o law_n nor_o any_o science_n they_o likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o balie_n tongue_n which_o as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o declare_v be_v the_o language_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o their_o law_n and_o few_o among_o they_o do_v make_v any_o progress_n therein_o if_o they_o do_v not_o a_o long_a time_n adhere_v to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o talapoin_n or_o if_o they_o enter_v not_o into_o some_o office_n for_o it_o be_v in_o these_o two_o case_n only_o that_o this_o language_n be_v useful_a to_o they_o they_o write_v the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o 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compose_v syllable_n and_o word_n moreover_o the_o siamese_n language_n participate_v great_o of_o the_o chinese_n in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o accent_n for_o their_o voice_n frequent_o rise_v above_o one_o four_o and_o in_o that_o it_o consist_v almost_o all_o of_o monosyllable_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o if_o one_o perfect_o understand_v it_o one_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o few_o word_n which_o it_o have_v of_o several_a syllable_n be_v either_o foreign_a or_o compose_v of_o monosyllable_n some_o of_o which_o be_v use_v only_o in_o these_o composition_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a similitude_n that_o be_v between_o these_o two_o language_n have_v the_o siamese_n and_o chinese_n language_n have_v no_o declension_n of_o word_n the_o balie_n have_v and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o balie_n be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v any_o declension_n or_o conjugation_n nor_o perhaps_o derivation_n which_o the_o balie_n have_v as_o for_o example_n the_o word_n which_o signify_v content_a may_v likewise_o signify_v contentment_n and_o that_o which_o signify_v good_a will_v signify_v well_o and_o bounty_n according_a to_o the_o various_a way_n of_o use_v they_o the_o place_v alone_o denote_v the_o case_n in_o noun_n and_o herein_o their_o disposition_n be_v hardly_o different_a from_o we_o and_o as_o to_o the_o conjugation_n the_o siamese_n have_v only_o four_o or_o five_o small_a particle_n which_o they_o put_v sometime_o before_o the_o verb_n and_o sometime_o after_o to_o signify_v the_o number_n tense_n and_o mood_n thereof_o i_o will_v insert_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o volume_n with_o the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n alphabet_n and_o it_o be_v in_o this_o that_o their_o whole_a grammar_n almost_o consist_v their_o dictionary_n be_v not_o less_o simple_a i_o mean_v figurative_a the_o siamese_n language_n not_o copious_a but_o very_o figurative_a that_o their_o language_n be_v not_o copious_a but_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o phrase_n be_v only_o more_o various_a and_o more_o difficult_a in_o cold_a country_n where_o the_o imagination_n be_v cold_a every_o thing_n be_v call_v by_o its_o name_n and_o they_o do_v there_o abound_v as_o much_o or_o more_o in_o word_n than_o in_o thing_n and_o when_o one_o have_v fix_v all_o these_o word_n in_o his_o memory_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o to_o speak_v well_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o hot_a country_n few_o word_n do_v there_o suffice_v to_o express_v much_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o briskness_n of_o the_o imagination_n employ_v they_o in_o a_o hundred_o different_a way_n all_o figurative_a take_v two_o or_o three_o example_n of_o the_o method_n of_o speak_v siamese_n good_a heart_n signify_v content_a thus_o to_o say_v if_o i_o be_v at_o siam_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a they_o say_v if_o i_o be_v city_n siam_n i_o heart_n good_a much_o sii_n signify_v light_a and_o by_o a_o metaphor_n beauty_n and_o by_o a_o second_o metaphor_n this_o word_n sii_n be_v join_v with_o pak_n which_o signify_v mouth_n sii-pak_a signify_v the_o lip_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v the_o light_n or_o beauty_n of_o the_o mouth_n thus_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o wood_n signify_v a_o flower_n the_o son_n of_o the_o water_n imply_v in_o general_a whatever_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o water_n without_o it_o be_v fish_n as_o crocodile_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o aquatic_a infect_v and_o on_o other_o occasion_n the_o word_n son_n will_v only_o denote_v smallness_n as_o the_o son_n of_o the_o weight_n to_o signify_v small_a weight_n contrary_a to_o the_o word_n mother_n which_o in_o certain_a thing_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v greatness_n in_o short_a i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o word_n in_o this_o language_n that_o have_v resemblance_n to_o we_o except_v those_o of_o po_fw-la and_o i_o which_o signify_v father_n and_o mother_n in_o chinese_n fu_fw-la mu._n arithmetic_n arithmetic_n i_o proceed_v to_o arithmetic_n which_o after_o read_v and_o write_v be_v the_o principal_a study_n of_o the_o siamese_n their_o arithmetic_n like_o we_o have_v ten_o character_n with_o which_o they_o figure_v the_o nought_o like_o we_o and_o to_o which_o they_o give_v the_o same_o power_n as_o we_o in_o the_o same_o disposition_n place_v like_v we_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a unite_v ten_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o all_o the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o number_n ten._n the_o indian_a merchant_n be_v so_o well_o verse_v in_o cast_v account_n and_o their_o imagination_n be_v so_o clear_a thereupon_o that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o can_v present_o resolve_v very_o difficult_a question_n of_o arithmetic_n but_o i_o suppose_v likewise_o that_o they_o do_v never_o resolve_v what_o they_o can_v resolve_v immediate_o they_o love_v not_o to_o trouble_v their_o head_n and_o they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o algebra_n table_n a_o instrument_n which_o serve_v the_o chinese_n for_o a_o abacus_fw-la or_o count_a table_n the_o siamese_n do_v always_o calculate_v with_o a_o pen_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o a_o instrument_n which_o resemble_v the_o abacus_fw-la and_o which_o f._n martinius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n intimate_v that_o they_o invent_v about_o 2600_o or_o 2700_o year_n before_o jesus_n christ_n however_o it_o be_v pignorius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr servis_n inform_v we_o that_o this_o instrument_n be_v familiar_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a slave_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o cast_v account_n i_o give_v the_o description_n and_o figure_n thereof_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o work_n application_n the_o siameses_n not_o proper_a for_o study_n of_o application_n the_o study_n to_o which_o we_o apply_v ourselves_o in_o our_o college_n be_v almost_o absolute_o unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o such_o the_o essential_a character_n of_o
consist_v in_o extorsion_n because_o that_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n for_o the_o weak_a all_o the_o officer_n do_v hold_v a_o correspondence_n in_o pillage_n and_o the_o corruption_n be_v great_a in_o those_o from_o whence_o the_o remedy_n ought_v to_o come_v the_o trade_n of_o present_n be_v public_a the_o least_o officer_n do_v give_v unto_o the_o great_a under_o a_o title_n of_o respect_n and_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o there_o punish_v for_o have_v receive_v present_n if_o otherwise_o he_o be_v not_o convict_v of_o injustice_n which_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n consist_v in_o swallow_v the_o water_n fidelity_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n over_o which_o the_o talapoin_n do_v pronounce_v some_o imprecation_n against_o he_o who_o be_v to_o drink_v it_o in_o case_n he_o fail_v in_o the_o fidelity_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o his_o king_n this_o prince_n dispense_v not_o with_o this_o oath_n to_o any_o person_n that_o engage_v themselves_o in_o his_o service_n of_o what_o religion_n or_o nation_n soever_o the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v in_o three_o volume_n write_v the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v the_o first_o be_v call_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la ramires_n and_o contain_v the_o name_n function_n and_o prerogative_n of_o all_o the_o office_n the_o second_o be_v entitle_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o the_o three_o be_v the_o pra_fw-la rayja_n cammanot_n wherein_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n nothing_o will_v have_v be_v more_o necessary_a than_o a_o faithful_a extract_n of_o these_o three_o volume_n thereof_o the_o difficulty_n of_o procure_v the_o book_n thereof_o right_o to_o make_v know_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n but_o so_o far_o be_v i_o from_o be_v able_a to_o get_v a_o translation_n that_o i_o can_v not_o procure_v a_o copy_n thereof_o in_o siamese_n it_o will_v have_v be_v necessary_a upon_o this_o account_n to_o continue_v long_o at_o siam_n and_o with_o less_o business_n this_o be_v therefore_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v certain_o about_o this_o matter_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o book_n and_o in_o a_o country_n where_o every_o one_o be_v afraid_a to_o speak_v the_o great_a token_n of_o servitude_n of_o the_o siamese_n be_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o to_o open_v their_o mouth_n about_o any_o thing_n that_o relate_v to_o their_o country_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o office_n of_o judicatory_a province_n the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n by_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a the_o upper_a lie_n towards_o the_o north_n see_v that_o the_o river_n descend_v from_o thence_o and_o contain_v seven_o province_n which_o be_v name_v by_o their_o chief_a city_n porselouc_n sanquelouc_n lacontai_n campeng-pet_n coconrepina_n pechebonne_n and_o pitchai_n at_o porselouc_n do_v immediate_o arise_v ten_o jurisdiction_n at_o sanquelouc_n eight_o at_o lacontai_n seven_o at_o campeng-pet_n ten_o at_o coconrepina_n five_o at_o pechebonne_n two_o and_o at_o pitchai_n seven_o and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a siam_n one_o and_o twenty_o other_o jurisdiction_n to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v but_o which_o do_v resort_v to_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o little_a province_n in_o the_o low_a siam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o jor_n patana_n ligor_fw-la tenasserim_n chantebonne_n petelong_v or_o bordelong_v and_o tchiai_n on_o jor_n do_v immediate_o depend_v seven_o jurisdiction_n on_o patana_n eight_o on_o ligor_fw-la twenty_o on_o tenasserim_n twelve_o on_o chantebonne_n seven_o on_z petelong_v eight_o and_o on_o tchiai_n two_o and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o low_a siam_n thirteen_o small_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o particular_a province_n which_o resort_v only_o to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n have_v its_o province_n apart_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o state_n between_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a siam_n judge_n the_o governor_n be_v the_o judge_n the_o whole_a tribunal_n of_o judicature_n consist_v proper_o only_a in_o a_o single_a officer_n see_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a or_o precedent_n only_o that_o have_v the_o deliberate_a voice_n and_o that_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n have_v only_o a_o consultative_a voice_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n receive_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o the_o other_o neighbour_a state_n but_o the_o most_o important_a prerogative_n of_o the_o precedent_n be_v to_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o command_v even_o the_o garrison_n if_o there_o be_v any_o unless_o the_o prince_n have_v otherwise_o dispose_v thereof_o by_o a_o express_a order_n so_o that_o as_o in_o other_o place_n these_o office_n be_v hereditary_a it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o some_o of_o these_o governor_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o for_o the_o most_o remote_a from_o court_n to_o withdraw_v themselves_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n from_o the_o royal_a authority_n siam_n jor_a belong_v no_o more_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o of_o siam_n thus_o the_o governor_n of_o jor_n render_v obedience_n no_o long_o and_o the_o portuguese_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o it_o may_v be_v he_o never_o intend_v to_o obey_v unless_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n shall_v extend_v itself_o as_o relation_n declare_v to_o the_o whole_a peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la jor_a be_v the_o most_o southern_a city_n thereof_o seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o have_v its_o mouth_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o sincapura_n and_o which_o form_n a_o very_a excellent_a port._n patana_n nor_o patana_n the_o people_n of_o patana_n live_v like_o those_o of_o achem_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n under_o the_o domination_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o they_o always_o elect_v in_o the_o same_o family_n and_o always_o old_a to_o the_o end_n that_o she_o may_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o marry_v and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o who_o the_o most_o trusty_a person_n do_v rule_v the_o portuguese_n have_v likewise_o give_v she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n and_o for_o tribute_n she_o send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n every_o three_o year_n two_o small_a tree_n the_o one_o of_o gold_n the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o both_o load_v with_o flower_n and_o fruit_n but_o she_o owe_v not_o any_o assistance_n to_o this_o prince_n in_o his_o war_n whether_o these_o gold_n and_o silver_n tree_n be_v a_o real_a homage_n or_o only_o a_o respect_n to_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n send_v present_v every_o three_o year_n to_o the_o king_n of_o china_n in_o consideration_n of_o trade_n only_o be_v what_o i_o can_v allege_v but_o as_o the_o king_n of_o china_n honour_v himself_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o present_n and_o take_v they_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o homage_n it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v not_o less_o value_v himself_o on_o the_o present_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o patana_n although_o she_o be_v not_o perhaps_o his_o vassal_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v a_o hereditary_a governor_n tchaou-mevang_a lord_n the_o governor_n be_v lord_n tchaou_fw-la signify_v lord_n and_o mevang_n a_o city_n or_o province_n and_o sometime_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v ruin_v and_o destroy_v the_o most_o potent_a tchaou-mevang_a as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o have_v substitute_v in_o their_o place_n some_o triennial_n governor_n by_o commission_n these_o commission-governor_n be_v call_v pouran_n and_o pou_n signify_v a_o person_n beside_o the_o present_n which_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a may_v receive_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v tchaou-mevang_a the_o profit_n or_o right_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a his_o other_o legal_a right_n be_v first_o equal_o to_o share_v with_o the_o king_n the_o rent_n that_o the_o arable_a land_n do_v yield_v which_o they_o call_v naa_n that_o be_v to_o say_v field_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n these_o rent_n be_v a_o mayon_n or_o quarter_n part_n of_o a_o tical_a for_o forty_o fathom_n or_o two_o hundred_o foot_n square_a 2_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a have_v the_o profit_n of_o all_o confiscation_n of_o all_o the_o penalty_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o all_o the_o fine_n to_o the_o party_n the_o confiscation_n be_v fix_v by_o law_n according_a to_o the_o case_n and_o be_v not_o always_o the_o whole_a estate_n not_o even_o in_o case_n of_o sentence_n of_o death_n but_o sometime_o also_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o body_n not_o only_o of_o the_o person_n condemn_v but_o of_o
do_v general_o appropriate_v the_o trade_n of_o salt_n to_o themselves_o oc-lovang_a couca_n have_v the_o inspection_n over_o foreigner_n he_o protect_v they_o or_o accuse_v they_o to_o the_o governor_n moreover_o there_o be_v some_o officer_n in_o every_o superior_a tribunal_n to_o send_v to_o the_o inferior_a justice_n when_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a or_o pouran_n be_v dead_a whilst_o that_o the_o king_n fill_v the_o place_n and_o the_o number_n of_o these_o officer_n be_v as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o the_o inferior_a justice_n oc-lovang_a or_o oc-counne_a coeng_n be_v the_o provost_n he_o be_v always_o arm_v with_o a_o sabre_n and_o have_v paint_a arm_n like_o archer_n oc-counne_a pa-ya_a bat_n be_v the_o keeper_n of_o the_o goal_n or_o prison_n and_o the_o word_n pa-ya_a which_o the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v by_o that_o of_o prince_n seem_v exceed_o vilify_v in_o the_o title_n of_o this_o office_n nai-goug_a be_v the_o true_a gaoler_n couc_n signify_v a_o prison_n and_o nothing_o be_v more_o cruel_a than_o the_o prison_n of_o siam_n they_o be_v cage_n of_o bambou_n expose_v to_o all_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air._n oc-counne_a narin_n command_v those_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o elephant_n which_o the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o province_n for_o there_o be_v some_o in_o several_a place_n because_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o lodge_v and_o feed_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o elephant_n together_o oc-counne_a nai-rang_a be_v the_o purveyor_n of_o the_o elephant_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v a_o officer_n in_o every_o tribunal_n to_o read_v the_o tara_n or_o order_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o governor_n and_o a_o house_n in_o a_o eminent_a place_n for_o to_o keep_v they_o as_o within_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n palace_n there_o be_v a_o single_a house_n on_o a_o eminent_a place_n to_o keep_v all_o the_o letter_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n receive_v from_o other_o king_n these_o be_v the_o officer_n which_o be_v call_v from_o within_o beside_o these_o without_o a_o important_a distinction_n into_o officer_n within_o and_o officer_n without_o there_o be_v other_o which_z be_v call_v from_o without_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o province_n all_o have_v a_o entire_a dependence_n upon_o the_o governor_n and_o although_o those_o without_o have_v the_o like_a title_n yet_o they_o be_v very_o inferior_a to_o the_o officer_n within_o thus_o a_o oc-mevang_a within_o the_o palace_n be_v superior_a to_o a_o ocya_a without_o and_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o believe_v that_o all_o those_o who_o bear_v great_a title_n must_v always_o be_v great_a lord_n that_o infamous_a fellow_n who_o buy_v woman_n and_o maid_n to_o prostitute_v they_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o ocya_a he_o be_v call_v ocya_a mien_n and_o be_v a_o very_a contemptible_a person_n there_o be_v none_o but_o debauch_a person_n that_o have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o he_o every_o one_o of_o the_o officer_n within_o have_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o siamese_n balat_n and_o his_o register_n in_o siamese_n semien_n and_o in_o his_o house_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o he_o have_v general_o a_o hall_n to_o give_v his_o audience_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o judiciary_n stile_n and_o form_n of_o plead_v they_o have_v only_o one_o style_n for_o all_o matter_n in_o law_n style_n they_o have_v not_o a_o double_a style_n and_o they_o have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o divide_v they_o into_o civil_a and_o criminal_a either_o because_o there_o be_v always_o some_o punishment_n due_a to_o he_o that_o be_v cast_v even_o in_o a_o matter_n pure_o civil_a or_o because_o that_o suit_n in_o matter_n pure_o civil_a be_v very_o rare_a there_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n among_o they_o that_o all_o process_n shall_v be_v in_o writing_n suit_n they_o plead_v only_o in_o writing_n and_o by_o give_v bail_n the_o function_n of_o the_o nai_n in_o law_n suit_n and_o that_o they_o plead_v not_o without_o give_v caution_n but_o as_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v by_o band_n and_o that_o their_o principal_a nai_n be_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o tribunal_n who_o i_o shall_v call_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o councillor_n in_o case_n of_o process_n the_o plaintiff_n go_v first_o to_o the_o councillor_n who_o be_v his_o nai_n or_o to_o his_o country_n nai_n who_o go_v to_o the_o councillor_n nai_n he_o present_v he_o his_o petition_n and_o the_o councillor_n present_v it_o to_o the_o governor_n the_o duty_n of_o the_o governor_n be_v nice_o to_o examine_v it_o and_o to_o admit_v or_o reject_v it_o according_a as_o to_o he_o it_o seem_v just_a or_o unjust_a and_o in_o this_o last_o case_n to_o chastise_v the_o party_n who_o present_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o person_n may_v begin_v any_o process_n rash_o and_o this_o be_v likewise_o the_o style_n or_o form_n of_o china_n but_o it_o be_v little_o observe_v at_o siam_n siam_n how_o a_o process_n be_v prepare_v at_o siam_n the_o governor_n than_o admit_v the_o petition_n and_o refer_v it_o to_o one_o of_o the_o councillor_n and_o ordinary_o he_o return_v it_o to_o he_o that_o present_v it_o if_o he_o be_v the_o common_a nai_n of_o both_o party_n but_o then_o he_o put_v his_o seal_n thereunto_o and_o he_o count_v the_o line_n and_o the_o cancel_v thereof_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o alteration_n may_v be_v make_v the_o councillor_n give_v it_o to_o his_o deputy_n and_o to_o his_o clerk_n who_o make_v their_o report_n to_o he_o at_o his_o house_n in_o his_o hall_n of_o audience_n and_o this_o report_n and_o all_o those_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o sequel_n be_v only_o a_o lecture_n after_o this_o the_o councellor_n clerk_n present_v by_o his_o master_n report_n or_o read_v this_o very_a petition_n in_o the_o governor_n be_v hall_n at_o a_o assembly_n of_o all_o the_o councillor_n but_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o governor_n who_o vouchsafe_v not_o to_o appear_v at_o whatever_o serve_v only_o to_o prepare_v the_o cause_n the_o party_n be_v there_o call_v in_o under_o pretence_n of_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v they_o and_o they_o be_v summon_v three_o time_n more_o for_o fashion_n sake_n than_o with_o a_o sincere_a intention_n of_o procure_v the_o accommodation_n this_o reconciliation_n not_o succeed_v the_o court_n order_n if_o there_o be_v witness_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v hear_v before_o the_o same_o clerk_n unless_o he_o be_v declare_v suspect_v and_o in_o such_o another_o session_n that_o be_v to_o say_v where_o the_o governor_n be_v not_o present_a the_o clerk_z reads_z the_o process_n and_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o opinion_n which_o be_v only_o consultative_a and_o which_o be_v all_o write_v down_o begin_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o last_o officer_n judgement_n the_o form_n of_o the_o judgement_n the_o process_n be_v thus_o prepare_v and_o the_o council_n stand_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o governor_n his_o clerk_z reads_z unto_o he_o the_o process_n and_o the_o opinion_n and_o the_o governor_n after_o have_v resume_v they_o all_o interrogate_v those_o who_o opinion_n seem_v to_o he_o not_o just_a to_o know_v of_o they_o upon_o what_o reason_n they_o ground_v they_o after_o this_o examination_n he_o pronounce_v in_o general_a term_n that_o such_o of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v condemn_v according_a to_o the_o law_n read_v the_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v read_v then_o it_o belong_v to_o oc-lovang-peng_a to_o read_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n the_o article_n of_o the_o law_n which_o respect_v the_o suit_n but_o in_o that_o country_n as_o in_o this_o they_o dispute_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n they_o do_v there_o seek_v out_o some_o accommodation_n under_o the_o title_n of_o equity_n and_o under_o pretence_n that_o all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v never_o in_o the_o law_n they_o never_o follow_v the_o law_n the_o governor_n alone_o decide_v these_o dispute_n and_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v upon_o the_o party_n and_o set_v down_o in_o write_v but_o if_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o appearance_n of_o justice_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o jockebat_fw-la or_o the_o king_n attorney_n general_n to_o advertise_v the_o court_n thereof_o but_o not_o to_o oppose_v it_o attorney_n suit_n be_v a_o long_a time_n depend_v they_o have_v no_o advocate_n nor_o attorney_n every_o suit_n ought_v to_o end_v in_o three_o day_n and_o some_o there_o be_v which_o last_n three_o year_n the_o party_n do_v speak_v before_o the_o clerk_n who_o write_v down_o what_o they_o tell_v he_o and_o they_o speak_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o another_o but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o other_o who_o herein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o attorney_n or_o advocate_n shall_v be_v at_o least_o cousin_n
mouth_n of_o their_o river_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v retire_v but_o as_o the_o fire_n never_o consume_v all_o and_o as_o it_o principal_o spare_v the_o bone_n the_o siamese_n and_o peguin_n do_v put_v these_o remains_o of_o their_o king_n under_o pyramid_n these_o pyramid_n be_v call_v pra_z tchiai_n di_fw-fr pra_fw-la be_v that_o baly_n term_n which_o i_o have_v frequent_o mention_v tchiai-di_a signify_v good_a heart_n that_o be_v to_o say_v contentment_n as_o i_o have_v explain_v it_o in_o the_o other_o part_n so_o that_o pra_z tchiai-di_a amount_n to_o these_o word_n sacred_a repose_n as_o much_o as_o those_o of_o repose_n and_o contentment_n do_v resemble_v tomb_n from_o whence_o come_v the_o fancy_n of_o pyramid_n for_o tomb_n a_o tomb_n quite_o flat_a like_o we_o will_v not_o in_o their_o opinion_n be_v honourable_a enough_o they_o must_v have_v something_o of_o eminence_n and_o this_o be_v the_o fancy_n of_o the_o pyramid_n of_o egypt_n and_o the_o mausolea_fw-la some_o people_n yet_o more_o vain_a have_v join_v epitaph_n thereto_o and_o because_o that_o time_n efface_v the_o inscription_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v other_o have_v secret_o put_v their_o name_n on_o the_o principal_a stone_n of_o certain_a stately_a edifice_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v discover_v their_o work_n be_v already_o demolish_a to_o the_o foundation_n the_o siamese_n still_o keep_v to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o vanity_n which_o be_v single_a pyramid_n without_o any_o epitaph_n and_o so_o slight_o erect_v that_o those_o which_o last_v long_a do_v never_o last_v a_o age._n temple_n why_o the_o siamese_n love_v to_o build_v temple_n those_o that_o have_v neither_o temple_n nor_o pyramid_n do_v sometime_o keep_v at_o their_o house_n the_o ill_n burn_v remain_v of_o their_o parent_n but_o there_o hardly_o be_v a_o siamese_n rich_a enough_o to_o build_v a_o temple_n who_o do_v it_o not_o and_o who_o bury_v not_o the_o riches_n he_o have_v remain_v the_o temple_n be_v inviolable_a sanctuary_n as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n as_o well_o as_o particular_a person_n commit_v their_o treasure_n to_o they_o i_o know_v that_o the_o siamese_n have_v demand_v some_o smooth_a file_n of_o the_o european_n to_o cut_v the_o great_a iron_n bar_v which_o link_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o temple_n under_o which_o there_o be_v gold_n conceal_v the_o siamese_n which_o have_v not_o wherewith_o to_o build_v a_o temple_n cease_v not_o at_o least_o to_o make_v some_o idol_n which_o they_o give_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temple_n already_o build_v which_o in_o these_o people_n be_v a_o sentiment_n of_o vanity_n or_o religion_n whereas_o the_o build_n of_o temple_n may_v be_v as_o much_o the_o interest_n of_o preserve_v their_o riches_n to_o their_o family_n as_o any_o other_o thing_n the_o poor_a inter_v their_o parent_n without_o burn_v they_o poor_a the_o funeral_n of_o the_o poor_a but_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o they_o invite_v the_o talapoin_n who_o stir_v not_o without_o a_o gratuity_n those_o that_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o pay_v the_o talapoin_n do_v think_v they_o do_v honour_n enough_o to_o their_o dead_a parent_n to_o expose_v they_o in_o the_o field_n on_o a_o eminent_a place_n that_o be_v to_o say_v on_o a_o scaffold_n where_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o crow_n devour_v they_o i_o have_v already_o say_v retard_v funeral_n honour_v retard_v that_o in_o epidemical_a distemper_n they_o bury_v the_o body_n without_o burn_v they_o and_o that_o they_o dig_v they_o up_o and_o burn_v they_o some_o year_n after_o when_o they_o think_v all_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o infection_n be_v past_a but_o they_o never_o burn_v those_o that_o justice_n cut_v off_o nor_o infant_n dead-born_a honour_n those_o that_o be_v deprive_v of_o funeral_n honour_n nor_o woman_n that_o die_v in_o childbed_n nor_o those_o which_o drown_v themselves_o or_o which_o perish_v by_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a disaster_n as_o by_o a_o thunderbolt_n they_o rank_v these_o unfortunate_a person_n among_o the_o guilty_a because_o they_o believe_v that_o such_o misfortune_n never_o happen_v to_o innocent_a person_n mourn_v at_o china_n be_v prescirb_v by_o the_o law_n mourn_v mourn_v and_o that_o for_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n last_v three_o year_n and_o deprive_v or_o bereave_v the_o son_n during_o this_o time_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o public_a employment_n if_o it_o be_v not_o military_a though_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o exception_n as_o to_o military_a employment_n be_v a_o late_a establishment_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o siamese_n have_v no_o force_a mourn_v they_o give_v mark_n of_o sorrow_n only_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v afflict_a so_o that_o it_o be_v more_o common_a at_o siam_n that_o the_o father_n and_o the_o mother_n put_v on_o mourn_v for_o their_o child_n than_o that_o the_o child_n wear_v it_o for_o their_o father_n and_o mother_n sometime_o the_o father_n turn_v talapoin_v and_o the_o mother_n talapoinesse_n or_o at_o least_o they_o shave_v the_o head_n one_o of_o the_o other_o but_o there_o be_v only_o the_o true_a talapoin_n that_o can_v likewise_o shave_v the_o eyebrow_n to_o i_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o the_o siamese_n invoke_v their_o dead_a parent_n dead_a whether_o the_o siamese_n pray_v to_o the_o dead_a what_o enquiry_n soever_o i_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o but_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o believe_v themselves_o frequent_o torment_v with_o their_o apparition_n and_o then_o they_o carry_v viand_n to_o their_o tomb_n which_o the_o beast_n do_v eat_v and_o they_o give_v alm_n for_o they_o to_o the_o talapoin_n because_o they_o think_v that_o charity_n be_v a_o ransom_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o dead_a as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o live_n beside_o this_o the_o siamese_n almost_o on_o all_o occasion_n do_v offer_v up_o prayer_n to_o the_o good_a genij_fw-la and_o imprecation_n against_o the_o bad_a of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o give_v some_o example_n and_o these_o genij_fw-la be_v certain_o in_o their_o opinion_n only_o soul_n all_o as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n the_o wicked_a genij_fw-la be_v the_o soul_n of_o those_o which_o die_v devil_n how_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o good_a be_v change_v into_o angel_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o wicked_a into_o devil_n either_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n or_o by_o some_o of_o those_o extraordinary_a misfortune_n which_o make_v they_o to_o be_v judge_v unworthy_a of_o funeral_n honour_n the_o good_a genij_fw-la be_v all_o the_o other_o soul_n esteem_v more_o or_o less_o good_a according_a as_o they_o have_v be_v more_o or_o less_o virtuous_a in_o this_o life_n and_o this_o whole_o resemble_v the_o opinion_n of_o plato_n who_o require_v that_o one_o shall_v adhere_v to_o virtue_n during_o life_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o custom_n thereof_o may_v continue_v after_o death_n this_o amount_v likewise_o to_o that_o ancient_a opinion_n which_o be_v spread_v also_o among_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o good_a be_v change_v into_o angel_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o wicked_a into_o devil_n but_o among_o the_o indian_n this_o doctrine_n be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o good_a spring_v up_o again_o after_o death_n in_o one_o of_o those_o place_n which_o the_o portuguese_n have_v call_v paradise_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o wicked_a in_o one_o of_o those_o other_o place_n which_o they_o do_v call_v hell_n some_o continue_v to_o be_v good_a after_o death_n do_v good_a to_o man_n other_o continue_v to_o be_v wicked_a do_v hurt_v to_o man_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o who_o know_v whether_o these_o several_a paradices_fw-la which_o they_o believe_v be_v not_o a_o confuse_a remembrance_n of_o the_o several_a order_n of_o the_o celestial_a spirit_n now_o through_o a_o incredible_a blindness_n action_n the_o indian_n have_v no_o god_n which_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o humane_a action_n the_o indian_n admit_v not_o any_o intelligent_a be_v which_o judge_n of_o the_o goodness_n or_o badness_n of_o humane_a action_n and_o which_o order_v the_o punishment_n or_o recompense_n thereof_o upon_o this_o account_n they_o admit_v only_o a_o blind_a fatalility_n which_o say_v they_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o prosperity_n accompany_v virtue_n and_o misfortune_n vice_n as_o it_o determine_v heavy_a thing_n to_o descend_v and_o light_a thing_n to_o ascend_v and_o because_o that_o nothing_o more_o repugn_v reason_n than_o to_o suppose_v a_o exact_a justice_n in_o chance_n or_o in_o the_o necessity_n of_o fate_n the_o indian_a people_n incline_v themselves_o to_o believe_v something_o corporeal_a in_o good_a or_o bad_a work_n which_o they_o say_v have_v the_o power_n of_o do_v unto_o man_n the_o good_a or_o evil_a which_o they_o deserve_v but_o since_o we_o