reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
sine_fw-la juramento_fw-la est_fw-la perjurii_fw-la reus_fw-la nor_o be_v a_o person_n depon_v for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o council_n oblige_v before_o a_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la to_o consider_v what_o she_o be_v depon_v as_o liable_a to_o the_o certification_n of_o perjury_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o there_o need_v no_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la so_o that_o before_o the_o administration_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o deponer_n be_v neither_o a_o witness_n nor_o swear_v can_v neither_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n nor_o false_a witness_v much_o less_o can_v she_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n in_o have_v depone_v false_o which_o be_v a_o complicate_v crime_n make_v up_o of_o perjury_n and_o falsehood_n 3._o she_o be_v but_o one_o single_a witness_n and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v prejudge_v by_o her_o testimony_n the_o person_n against_o who_o she_o depone_v &_o semper_fw-la perpendendum_fw-la est_fw-la damnum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la perjurio_fw-la resultat_fw-la carpz_n quaest_n 46._o n._n 47._o likeas_n here_o she_o retract_v she_o own_o deposition_n herself_o before_o any_o pursuit_n be_v or_o can_v be_v intent_a against_o those_o gentleman_n and_o that_o she_o depone_v be_v the_o result_n of_o the_o confusion_n she_o be_v put_v in_o by_o her_o appearance_n before_o the_o council_n be_v a_o young_a girl_n not_o exceed_v 18._o so_o that_o her_o age_n and_o sex_n shall_v excuse_v she_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la calore_fw-la iracundiae_fw-la aut_fw-la forte_fw-fr lingua_fw-la lapsus_fw-la aut_fw-la praecipitatus_fw-la perjurium_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la ignosci_fw-la debet_fw-la rens_n lib._n 3._o decis_fw-la 2._o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o natural_a or_o less_o dangerous_a then_o that_o a_o guilt_n arise_v from_o a_o deposition_n and_o mere_a word_n shall_v be_v take_v off_o in_o the_o same_o way_n especial_o before_o any_o person_n be_v thereby_o prejudge_v as_o in_o this_o case_n 4._o this_o libel_n can_v not_o be_v warrantable_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o q._n m._n which_o punish_v only_a perjury_n commit_v in_o marry_v two_o wife_n but_o no_o other_o species_n of_o perjury_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o defence_n it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o be_v cite_v before_o the_o council_n aught_o to_o have_v depone_v true_o even_o for_o inform_v the_o supreme_a judicatory_a of_o the_o nation_n who_o use_n and_o must_v examine_v woman_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o in_o such_o atrocious_a and_o occult_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v in_o some_o case_n cast_v a_o woman_n from_o be_v witness_n yet_o that_o excuse_n she_o not_o if_o she_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o 2._o lawyer_n be_v clear_a that_o a_o witness_n may_v depon_n without_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o swear_v they_o be_v not_o essential_a since_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v remit_v it_o and_o yet_o the_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o even_o though_o not_o swear_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n bart._n in_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cornel._n the_o fall_v clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 11._o to_o the_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o inform_v against_o these_o gentleman_n in_o a_o treasonable_a point_n and_o may_v have_v prejudge_v they_o nor_o do_v her_o retraction_n proceed_v from_o repentance_n but_o confrontation_n nor_o do_v she_o accidental_o only_a or_o by_o confusion_n lapse_n into_o this_o error_n she_o have_v spread_v these_o misreport_n before_o she_o be_v cite_v and_o have_v reiterated_a her_o confession_n after_o citation_n to_o the_o 4._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oppon_v which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1615._o grahame_n of_o long-boddom_a and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1622._o turnbul_n of_o belshes_n and_o late_o dempster_n of_o muresk_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o depon_v false_o or_o seduce_v other_o to_o depon_n but_o these_o point_n be_v not_o decide_v vii_o the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v banishment_n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr crimine_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la &_o fustigatio_fw-la or_o scourge_v l._n si_fw-la duo_fw-la §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la perjuraverit_fw-la by_o our_o law_n act_n 19_o parl._n 5._o q._n marry_o bigamy_n be_v declare_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o as_o infamous_a person_n they_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n nor_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v as_o to_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o perjury_n be_v not_o formal_o punishable_a with_o we_o but_o only_o declaratorly_a perjury_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o heinous_a a_o crime_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o perjury_n be_v before_o this_o act_n punishable_a after_o this_o manner_n for_o by_o the_o 4._o cap._n lib._n 1._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la super_fw-la assisa_fw-la spoliabuntur_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la carcerem_fw-la detrudentur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la adminus_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la incurrent_a &_o amittent_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la which_o skeen_n interpret_v to_o be_v non_fw-fr habère_fw-fr personam_fw-la standi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o not_o to_o be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n either_o in_o judicio_fw-la or_o extrajudicium_fw-la which_o act_n be_v likewise_o ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n i._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n man-swearing_a shall_v be_v punish_v after_o the_o king_n old_a law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n where_o perjury_n be_v to_o be_v infer_v from_o a_o deposition_n either_o as_o party_n or_o witness_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o deposition_n be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o and_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o mr._n james_n row_n can_v not_o be_v convict_v of_o perjury_n upon_o his_o deposition_n subscribe_v by_o the_o clerk_n sometime_o the_o council_n change_v the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n into_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o galbraith_n who_o come_v in_o will_n for_o perjury_n 23._o july_n 1625._o title_n xxx_o of_o injury_n personal_n and_o real_a and_o of_o infamous_a libel_n 1._o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a 2._o the_o requisit_n in_o libel_v verbal_a injury_n 3._o what_o be_v real_a injury_n 4._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o verbal_a or_o real_a injury_n 5._o infamous_a libel_n how_o punish_v 6._o leasing-maker_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n i_o have_v ofttimes_o think_v that_o man_n shall_v walk_v legal_o not_o only_o in_o obedience_n but_o gratitude_n to_o law_n since_o the_o law_n take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o secure_v not_o only_o our_o life_n and_o estate_n but_o even_o our_o honour_n and_o reputation_n and_o will_v humour_v we_o so_o far_o as_o that_o because_o we_o will_v think_v raillery_n a_o misfortune_n it_o will_v therefore_o punish_v even_o these_o who_o offend_v our_o imagination_n i._o injury_n then_o in_o its_o more_o comprehensive_a sense_n may_v give_v a_o name_n to_o all_o crime_n for_o all_o crime_n be_v injury_n but_o injury_n as_o it_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o title_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o contumely_n or_o reproach_n it_o be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n into_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v by_o thought_n deed_n word_n and_o gesture_n but_o the_o more_o receive_v division_n be_v that_o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a ii_o verbal_a injury_n be_v these_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o unwarrantable_a expression_n as_o to_o call_v a_o man_n a_o cheat_n or_o a_o woman_n a_o whore_n but_o because_o expression_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o except_o the_o word_n can_v allow_v of_o no_o good_a sense_n as_o whore_n or_o thief_n or_o that_o there_o lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o speaker_n the_o injuriandi_fw-la animus_n the_o design_n of_o injure_v as_o well_o as_o the_o injure_v word_n must_v be_v prove_v and_o the_o speaker_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o purge_v his_o guilt_n by_o declare_v his_o intention_n l._n 5._o §_o octavo_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o his_o declaration_n will_v without_o a_o oath_n be_v sufficient_a except_o the_o offender_n be_v burden_v with_o contrary_a presumption_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 60._o num_fw-la 18._o lawyer_n therefore_o require_v in_o libel_v injury_n 1._o that_o the_o particular_a expression_n be_v distinct_o condescend_v upon_o nor_o be_v the_o general_a you_o call_v i_o a_o cheat_n or_o say_v some_o such_o thing_n sufficient_a see_v not_o only_a word_n but_o even_o the_o point_n of_o they_o do_v alter_v the_o estimat_fw-la of_o injury_n 2._o the_o pusuer_fw-mi shall_v libel_v the_o design_n of_o injure_v
albeit_o those_o course_n and_o repledgiation_n be_v equivalent_a to_o advocation_n iii_o advocation_n may_v be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a judge_n by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n and_o advocate_n by_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o case_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a in_o such_o advocation_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o crime_n pursue_v to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n themselves_o yet_o they_o may_v remit_v the_o pursuit_n to_o these_o who_o be_v competent_a even_o as_o brieve_v raise_v for_o serve_v a_o person_n air_n may_v be_v advocate_n to_o the_o lord_n who_o may_v remit_v the_o case_n to_o another_o inquest_n but_o durhie_n observe_v the_o 9_o of_o january_n 1629._o that_o kincaid_n of_o waristoun_n crave_v that_o the_o process_n against_o he_o for_o slaughter_n may_v be_v advocate_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o baron_n bailie_n or_o else_o that_o they_o will_v grant_v assessor_n the_o lord_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o application_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o council_n but_o if_o the_o council_n will_v not_o interpose_v than_o they_o shall_v do_v justice_n therein_o by_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o justice_n or_o otherwise_o but_o advocation_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v ordinary_o raise_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o have_v the_o most_o natural_a power_n in_o such_o case_n advocation_n be_v raise_v upon_o bill_n and_o the_o letter_n pass_v the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v past_a by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n or_o of_o the_o council_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o council_n this_o advocation_n must_v be_v execute_v by_o a_o messenger_n and_o a_o full_a copy_n must_v be_v give_v of_o the_o letter_n as_o in_o other_o summons_n for_o in_o effect_n a_o advocation_n be_v a_o summons_n and_o the_o diet_n in_o advocation_n be_v peremptor_n as_o in_o all_o other_o criminal_a pursuit_n neither_o be_v the_o advocation_n give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o criminal_a pursuit_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n and_o therefore_o a_o full_a copy_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o end_n the_o defender_n may_v be_v ready_a to_o answer_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o action_n must_v be_v cite_v and_o the_o judge_n from_o who_o the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v advocate_n must_v be_v also_o cite_v to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v defend_v his_o own_o jurisdiction_n and_o if_o both_o these_o be_v not_o cite_v the_o advocation_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v if_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v before_o the_o session_n it_o be_v call_v before_o the_o session_n and_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v find_v relevant_a the_o cause_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o that_o advocation_n be_v raise_v before_o the_o council_n it_o be_v call_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n must_v prove_v all_o that_o they_o allege_v instant_o the_o advocation_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n do_v contain_v the_o reason_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v found_v as_o in_o civil_a advocation_n but_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o add_v a_o reason_n though_o it_o be_v not_o libel_v which_o be_v call_v a_o eiked_a reason_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la because_o all_o must_v be_v prove_v instanter_fw-la and_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o able_a to_o prove_v his_o answer_n instant_o if_o he_o know_v not_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o he_o must_v answer_v whereas_o in_o civilibus_fw-la he_o will_v get_v a_o term_n to_o prove_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o eiked_a reason_n iv._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v 1._o consanguinity_n or_o affinity_n within_o degree_n defendant_n viz._n cousin_n german_a or_o near_o for_o whatever_o be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o cast_v a_o witness_n shall_v in_o my_o opinion_n much_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o decline_v a_o judge_n since_o there_o may_v be_v penury_n of_o witness_n so_o that_o the_o witness_v challenge_v may_v be_v necessary_a whereas_o if_o a_o judge_n be_v suspect_v he_o may_v be_v supply_v by_o another_o deput_n or_o a_o superior_a judge_n and_o a_o judge_n may_v by_o himself_o ruin_n a_o cause_n which_o one_o witness_n can_v do_v and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o express_a law_n for_o this_o yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v ordinary_o to_o sustain_v this_o and_o particular_o in_o the_o month_n of_o decem._n 1676._o ross_z contra_fw-la collodine_n where_o a_o decreet_a be_v turn_v in_o a_o libel_n because_o pronounce_v by_o a_o nephew_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 212._o act_n 14._o parl._n i._n 6._o a_o brother_n father_n and_o son_n be_v only_o to_o be_v decline_v as_o judge_n for_o that_o statute_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o because_o of_o their_o great_a eminency_n and_o trust_v be_v not_o to_o be_v as_o easy_o suspect_v as_o inferior_a judge_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o justice_n or_o any_o of_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v as_o within_o degree_n defendant_n for_o though_o they_o must_v now_o be_v senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o sit_v not_o there_o as_o such_o nor_o be_v the_o justice-general_a or_o justice-clerk_n always_o of_o that_o number_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o since_o the_o justice_n court_n be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a in_o its_o own_o kind_n and_o that_o this_o respect_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o they_o be_v because_o of_o their_o eminency_n and_o presume_v integrity_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o same_o person_n aught_o to_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n and_o the_o justice-general_a and_o justice-clerk_n be_v superior_a in_o order_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v justiciar_n aught_o at_o least_o to_o have_v as_o great_a trust_n but_o though_o the_o admiral_n be_v a_o supreme_a judge_n also_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o statute_n shall_v be_v extend_v to_o he_o because_o man_n of_o mean_a part_n may_v officiat_fw-la there_o it_o may_v be_v also_o doubt_v whether_o this_o declinator_fw-la against_o father_n brother_n and_o son_n shall_v extend_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o consanguinity_n so_o that_o a_o father_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n may_v be_v decline_v and_o though_o the_o lord_n late_o will_v not_o decline_v one_o of_o their_o number_n though_o brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o albeit_o act_v of_o parliament_n must_v be_v strict_o interpret_v yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o parity_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o word_n may_v in_o propriety_n admit_v of_o the_o extension_n there_o the_o extension_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o here_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v and_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n a_o brother_n likeas_n since_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o affinity_n why_o may_v not_o judge_n especial_o see_v in_o the_o statute_n 1621._o against_o disposition_n make_v by_o bankrupt_n and_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n be_v still_o equiparat_fw-la and_o so_o wise_a be_v we_o in_o this_o point_n that_o a_o pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v advocate_n upon_o this_o statute_n because_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v brother_n to_o the_o judge_n though_o he_o be_v only_o pursue_v ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o have_v no_o interest_n himself_o and_o express_o renounce_v all_o interest_n in_o the_o pursuit_n 28._o january_n 1629._o whether_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o unlawful_a relation_n so_o that_o a_o bastard_n brother_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v decline_v vide_fw-la my_o observation_n upon_o the_o statute_n 1621._o another_o reason_n of_o advocation_n like_a to_o this_o be_v that_o one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o court_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi as_o for_o instance_n the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o of_o two_o sheriff_n depute_v before_o his_o own_o colleague_n habet_fw-la quip_n societas_fw-la jus_o quoddam_fw-la fraternitatis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la l._n verum_fw-la ff_n praesocio_fw-la vid._n c._n insinuante_fw-la de_fw-fr offic_n deleg_a &_o cap._n postr_n de_fw-fr appel_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v judge_v where_o the_o colleague_n pursue_v but_o that_o the_o pursuit_n shall_v be_v carry_v away_o to_o another_o judicature_n be_v appoint_v by_o a_o
judge_n shall_v think_v fit_a it_o be_v think_v of_o old_a that_o assizer_n behove_v present_o to_o determine_v after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o dismiss_v they_o until_o they_o do_v enter_v and_o return_v their_o verdict_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o opinion_n be_v because_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v there_o may_v be_v hazard_n of_o suborn_v the_o assizer_n if_o the_o matter_n be_v continue_v to_o a_o new_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v likewise_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi find_v that_o the_o witness_n which_o he_o have_v lead_v do_v not_o prove_v he_o may_v be_v tempt_v to_o suborn_v other_o and_o i_o think_v this_o opinion_n strong_o found_v but_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o etc._n etc._n a_o baxter_n be_v pursue_v for_o sedition_n the_o justice_n do_v at_o my_o lord_n advocat_n earnest_a solicitation_n dissolve_v the_o court_n after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o continue_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o new_a diet_n but_o the_o accusation_n be_v never_o further_o prosecute_v and_o that_o procedure_v be_v think_v mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la yet_o thereafter_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n continue_v a_o assize_n who_o sit_v upon_o macknab_n for_o theft_n for_o not_o be_v clear_a to_o condemn_v upon_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n they_o propose_v the_o case_n after_o they_o be_v enclose_v whereupon_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o the_o next_o day_n and_o have_v consult_v the_o council_n they_o thereafter_o find_v the_o confession_n sufficient_a and_o enclose_v the_o assize_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n november_n 1669._o xii_o when_o the_o advocate_n close_v his_o discourse_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi he_o protest_v for_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o the_o inquest_n if_o they_o assoilzie_a which_o protestation_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v pursue_v the_o inquest_n for_o error_n if_o this_o protestation_n be_v not_o use_v even_o as_o a_o qualify_a oath_n be_v not_o allow_v except_o it_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n and_o laird_n of_o milntoun_n if_o a_o reprobator_n can_v be_v raise_v where_o the_o party_n laese_v protest_v not_o for_o it_o see_v protestation_n be_v such_o solemn_a act_n as_o the_o law_n require_v in_o such_o case_n and_o they_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o superfluous_a if_o what_o be_v protest_v for_o can_v be_v allow_v without_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o such_o protestation_n be_v competent_a do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la pass_v from_o his_o right_n and_o seem_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v if_o he_o use_v they_o not_o vid._n durand_n specul_fw-la do_fw-mi reprobat_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la but_o this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v to_o allow_v a_o reprobature_n if_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o though_o no_o protestation_n be_v use_v and_o i_o believe_v that_o action_n of_o error_n may_v be_v raise_v though_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v for_o if_o the_o verdict_n be_v quarrellable_n though_o a_o protestation_n be_v both_o more_o secure_a and_o formal_a and_o real_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v see_v the_o inquest_n be_v by_o that_o solemn_a denunciation_n and_o intimation_n warn_v of_o their_o hazard_n and_o their_o error_n because_o it_o become_v thereby_o more_o wilful_a than_o otherways_o it_o will_v be_v a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v always_o raise_v in_o latin_a and_o upon_o parchment_n and_o be_v direct_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n wilful_a error_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o assizer_n commit_v in_o pronounce_v a_o unjust_a verdict_n and_o by_o our_o law_n a_o assize_n condemn_v can_v be_v pursue_v tanquam_fw-la temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la supra_fw-la asisa_fw-la as_o be_v common_o believe_v by_o the_o 63._o act_n 8._o par._n ja._n 3._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o opinion_n may_v be_v three_o 1._o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o indifferent_a person_n will_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a out_o of_o feid_v or_o favour_n though_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a that_o they_o may_v be_v induce_v out_o of_o either_o pity_n or_o clemency_n to_o assoilzie_a from_o a_o crime_n full_o prove_v 2._o no_o person_n will_v be_v find_v to_o go_v upon_o a_o assize_n if_o they_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o condemn_v 3._o the_o penalty_n of_o such_o as_o temere_fw-la jurarunt_fw-la super_fw-la asisam_fw-la be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_a good_n cap._n 14._o lib._n regiam_fw-la maje_fw-fr whereas_o death_n will_v be_v ofttimes_o the_o punishment_n if_o such_o as_o condemn_a may_v be_v punish_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o assizer_n do_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a without_o any_o probation_n or_o by_o palpable_a iniquity_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o may_v be_v punish_v and_o my_o reason_n for_o this_o opinion_n be_v 1._o that_o else_o the_o people_n will_v be_v state_v in_o a_o very_a unfortunat_a condition_n if_o not_o only_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o two_o man_n but_o likewise_o to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o a_o assize_n who_o may_v condemn_v without_o any_o clear_a probation_n 2._o assizer_n be_v judge_n and_o witness_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o error_n for_o which_o these_o be_v accountable_a but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n condemn_v unjust_o or_o if_o a_o person_n be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o that_o judge_n or_o witness_v so_o depon_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o capital_a punishment_n why_o then_o shall_v a_o assizer_n be_v exempt_v see_v there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n upon_o which_o he_o can_v found_v that_o exemption_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o conclude_v see_v else_o it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n be_v conclude_v that_o no_o judge_n or_o witness_v can_v be_v pursue_v when_o they_o condemn_v unjust_o see_v omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la bone_fw-la at_o least_o perjury_n shall_v never_o be_v punish_v in_o a_o witness_n nor_o injustice_n in_o a_o judge_n decide_v unjust_o and_o by_o that_o unjust_a decision_n murder_v the_o person_n pannel_v before_o they_o because_o forsooth_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o a_o witness_n or_o judge_n will_v murder_v a_o innocent_a by_o their_o sentence_n or_o deposition_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o all_o man_n may_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n upon_o their_o peril_n and_o thus_o assizer_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v hazard_v also_o in_o assoilze_v and_o witness_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o perjury_n if_o they_o depon_n false_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o punish_v assiâ—ers_n condemn_v unjust_o see_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a statute_n to_o punish_v such_o as_o assoilzy_v unjust_o both_o because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o express_v as_o to_o this_o and_o because_o man_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a hazard_n in_o it_o this_o error_n in_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o great_a assize_n of_o twenty_o five_o noble_a person_n act_n 63._o parl._n 8._o ja._n 3._o but_o the_o person_n assoilzy_v be_v to_o be_v free_a ibid._n and_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la of_o the_o session_n anno_fw-la 1591._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o land_a gentleman_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o pass_v upon_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o they_o be_v of_o quality_n and_o estate_n inferior_a to_o the_o panel_n and_o wilful_a error_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o this_o case_n quaelibet_fw-la probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la ignorantiae_fw-la excusat_fw-la spot_n do_fw-mi retour_n ker_n against_o hartwood-mire_n and_o by_o the_o 47._o act_n par._n 6._o ja._n 3._o it_o appear_v that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v adduce_v to_o infer_v this_o action_n of_o error_n but_o what_o be_v at_o first_o produce_v the_o time_n of_o their_o verdict_n whereas_o any_o probation_n may_v be_v adduce_v in_o fortification_n of_o the_o verdict_n quarrel_v tantus_fw-la est_fw-la favour_n innocentiae_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o a_o asssize_n of_o error_n be_v the_o escheat_v of_o the_o movable_n and_o a_o year_n imprisonment_n cap._n 14._o l._n 1._o reg._n maj._n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n shall_v be_v
in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n see_v with_o we_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o be_v witness_n even_o in_o civil_a case_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o albeit_o the_o doctor_n allow_v they_o sometime_o to_o prove_v in_o civil_a case_n yet_o they_o reject_v they_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n when_o they_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o in_o furto_n etc._n etc._n farin_n quest_n 56._o num_fw-la 31._o and_o by_o a_o express_a act_n 1_o agust_n 1661._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v examine_v as_o witness_n in_o theft_n for_o the_o future_a except_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o that_o same_o day_n they_o receâ—ved_v elisabeth_n watson_n as_o witness_v in_o theft_n against_o bruntfield_n 2._o woman_n be_v sometime_o receive_v witness_n in_o some_o case_n ob_fw-la atrocitatem_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o in_o treason_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1591._o and_o in_o witchcraft_n most_o ordinary_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnal_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1662._o where_o margaret_n grahame_n and_o marion_n wear_v be_v receive_v witness_n 3._o they_o be_v admit_v in_o criminibus_fw-la domesticis_fw-la because_o of_o scantness_n of_o probation_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v receive_v against_o george_n swintoun_n who_o be_v accuse_v for_o murder_v his_o own_o wife_n within_o his_o own_o house_n 21._o agust_n 1664._o 4._o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n where_o woman_n use_v only_o to_o be_v present_a as_o in_o the_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n murder_v of_o child_n &_o in_o partu_fw-la supposititio_fw-la etc._n etc._n very_o many_o instance_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjurnal_a book_n and_o yet_o farin_n quest_n 59_o say_n mulier_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la testis_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la partus_fw-la si_fw-la inde_fw-la agitur_fw-la criminaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la puniendam_fw-la and_o by_o these_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o regulariter_fw-la admit_a witness_n in_o scotland_n likeas_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n rob._n 1._o these_o be_v express_o exclude_v from_o witness_n bear_v yet_o matheus_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v receive_v witness_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la mulier_fw-la adubterii_fw-la condemnata_fw-la non_fw-la admittatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la mulieres_fw-la admitti_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n vid._n farin_n quest_n 59_o casu_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o give_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o mulier_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la testis_fw-la esse_fw-la nequit_fw-la which_o rule_n extend_v so_o far_o that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n three_o or_o more_o woman_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n num_fw-la 29._o the_o reason_n why_o woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o witness_v must_v be_v either_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o too_o much_o compassion_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o receive_v in_o criminal_a case_n then_o in_o any_o civil_a case_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v unwilling_a to_o trouble_v they_o and_o think_v it_o may_v learn_v they_o too_o much_o confidence_n and_o make_v they_o subject_n to_o too_o much_o familiarity_n with_o man_n and_o stranger_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o vague_v up_o and_o down_o at_o all_o court_n upon_o all_o occasion_n v._o minor_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o no_o otherwise_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n robert_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n 1622._o that_o margaret_n graham_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v a_o witness_n because_o she_o be_v not_o pass_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n this_o be_v repel_v because_o a_o testificat_fw-la bear_v that_o she_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o may_v be_v mane_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o objection_n be_v because_o minor_n understand_v not_o to_o answer_v all_o circumstance_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o consider_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o oath_n which_o shall_v overawe_n they_o and_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a in_o their_o youth_n to_o corruption_n a_o clear_a instance_n whereof_o i_o see_v myself_o in_o a_o little_a boy_n against_o towie_n who_o after_o he_o be_v receive_v do_v first_o depon_n mâ—ny_n improbability_n and_o seem_v terrify_v with_o every_o question_n and_o thereafter_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v bribe_v with_o a_o very_a small_a and_o childish_a bribe_n in_o many_o case_n likewise_o witness_n be_v to_o depon_n upon_o that_o which_o require_v judgement_n as_o in_o prove_v self-defence_n ratihabition_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v repuisit_a that_o the_o deponer_o be_v of_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n then_o fourteen_o vi_o by_o that_o act_n likewise_o of_o k._n rob._n such_o as_o be_v furious_a adulterer_n robber_n thief_n perjure_a scourge_v and_o servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n not_o yet_o laik_v against_o churchman_n nor_o yet_o churchman_n against_o laik_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o cannon_n law_n cap._n de_fw-fr cetero_fw-la decret_a de_fw-fr testib_n laik_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o churchman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v give_v to_o be_v partly_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o churchman_n and_o partly_o the_o hatred_n whereby_o laik_n do_v persecute_v they_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v just_o reprobat_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o likewise_o servant_n be_v receive_v to_o be_v witness_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a law_n against_o it_o but_o not_o for_o their_o master_n but_o whether_o he_o who_o have_v redeem_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o a_o remission_n shall_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v may_v be_v argue_v 1._o because_o of_o this_o law_n of_o k._n rob._n which_o do_v express_o repel_v he_o 2._o a_o remission_n take_v not_o away_o the_o guilt_n but_o be_v only_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n l._n fin._n c._n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la abolit_fw-la and_o semel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la malus_fw-la which_o wicked_a disposition_n can_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o man_n good_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v make_v he_o a_o sufficient_a witness_n 3._o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a decision_n that_o a_o person_n convict_v and_o bring_v off_o by_o a_o remission_n redemptus_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la as_o this_o law_n call_v he_o have_v be_v therefore_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tossoch_n who_o be_v condemn_v as_o a_o false_a nottar_n and_o be_v thereupon_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o the_o process_n for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o yet_o i_o myself_o have_v object_v this_o against_o a_o english_a captain_n in_o argiles_fw-la case_n it_o be_v repel_v but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o two_o opinion_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n before_o they_o be_v convict_v and_o these_o who_o be_v convict_v and_o thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n for_o those_o who_o propon_n upon_o the_o remission_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_a fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o foresay_a law_n say_v copulative_a that_o convicti_fw-la &_o redempti_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la esses_fw-la testes_fw-la guiltiness_n which_o cast_v a_o man_n from_o be_v witness_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o sentence_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o theft_n be_v offer_v instant_o to_o be_v prove_v the_o 10._o of_o february_n 1673._o in_o ashintillies_n case_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o sometime_o the_o theft_n be_v so_o recent_o commit_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o time_n for_o convict_v he_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o a_o person_n so_o guilty_a shall_v be_v receive_v the_o dependence_n also_o of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o a_o witness_n shall_v cast_v he_o if_o it_o be_v intent_a before_o his_o citation_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n else_o every_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o intent_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o he_o vii_o these_o within_o degree_n defendant_n by_o blood_n or_o affinity_n be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n degree_n defendant_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o four_o degree_n or_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o foresay_a chapter_n and_o this_o term_n come_v in_o my_o opinion_n from_o the_o french_a word_n defendre_fw-fr to_o forbid_v so_o that_o degree_n defendu_fw-fr be_v the_o true_a expression_n though_o we_o say_v defendant_n by_o
dangerous_a to_o challenge_v a_o remission_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o one_o of_o the_o learnede_a lawyer_n of_o his_o time_n be_v send_v to_o the_o castle_n for_o quarrel_v the_o king_n power_n in_o grant_v a_o remission_n for_o fire-raising_a yet_o i_o find_v a_o remission_n produce_v by_o john_n bell_n quarrel_v as_o null_n because_o 1._o it_o be_v give_v for_o murder_a christopher_n irving_n and_o so_o be_v null_a by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n 2._o the_o remission_n shall_v contain_v the_o great_a crime_n and_o slaughter_n be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o crime_n as_o murder_v nor_o be_v the_o quality_n of_o fore-thought-fellony_n express_v 3._o it_o be_v not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o thesaurer_n the_o justice_n delay_v to_o give_v answer_n but_o i_o find_v not_o the_o person_n be_v punish_v 1643._o as_o also_o mackie_n be_v convict_v for_o falsit_fw-la and_o have_v enact_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n thereafter_o he_o return_v and_o be_v pursue_v for_o his_o life_n allege_v upon_o a_o remission_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o remission_n be_v null_a because_o he_o return_v before_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o past_o the_o seal_n nor_o be_v it_o yet_o past_a upon_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v the_o 23._o of_o febr._n 1622._o but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o pursuit_n be_v here_o at_o the_o advocat_n instance_n only_o who_o can_v not_o quarrel_v his_o majesty_n remission_n upon_o no_o account_n iv._o if_o the_o party_n do_v willing_o grant_v a_o discharge_n of_o all_o grudge_n or_o revenge_n in_o the_o crime_n of_o murder_n this_o discharge_n be_v call_v a_o letter_n of_o slants_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o doctor_n litera_fw-la pacis_fw-la and_o thus_o plot._n consil_n 78._o say_v that_o gratiafacta_fw-la parti_fw-la nocenti_fw-la à _fw-la principe_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la nisi_fw-la fiat_fw-la reparatio_fw-la damnorum_fw-la &_o interest_n vel_fw-la nisi_fw-la pax_fw-la sit_fw-la prius_fw-la habita_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la offensi_fw-la this_o rule_n have_v some_o exception_n both_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o we_o for_o by_o we_o exception_n be_v make_v of_o remission_n grant_v for_o pacify_v the_o highland_n and_o border_n which_o be_v valid_a though_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v not_o satisfy_v act_n 174._o p._n 13._o i._o 6._o which_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o public_a quiet_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n from_o which_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v grant_v without_o gratify_v or_o repair_v these_o who_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o person_n indemnify_v and_o for_o that_o reason_n also_o rex_fw-la potest_fw-la gratiari_fw-la nocentem_fw-la sine_fw-la pace_fw-la privati_fw-la interest_n habenti_fw-la quando_fw-la damnandus_fw-la laborasset_fw-la pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi reipublicae_fw-la &_o fecisset_fw-la illud_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la multorum_fw-la salus_fw-la causata_fw-la esset_fw-la l._n non_fw-la omnes_fw-la §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi militari_fw-la by_o their_o remission_n the_o party_n be_v not_o restore_v to_o his_o good_a fame_n l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr gen_n abolit_fw-la indulgentia_fw-la patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la quos_fw-la liberat_fw-la notat_fw-la nec_fw-la infamiam_fw-la criminis_fw-la tollit_fw-la sed_fw-la paenae_fw-la gratiam_fw-la facit_fw-la and_o though_o i_o think_v this_o shall_v hold_v in_o such_o as_o be_v remit_v after_o they_o be_v condemn_v because_o they_o be_v know_v to_o have_v diffamed_a themselves_o by_o contract_v that_o criminal_a guilt_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o hold_v in_o such_o as_o secure_v only_o their_o own_o innocence_n by_o a_o remission_n and_o redeem_v themselves_o rather_o from_o hazard_n then_o from_o guilt_n v._o the_o king_n majesty_n sometime_o restore_v the_o person_n condemn_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la which_o he_o do_v by_o rescind_v the_o sentence_n that_o stand_v against_o he_o as_o injust_a and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o in_o parliament_n if_o the_o person_n be_v condemn_v by_o they_o or_o by_o a_o review_n in_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o he_o be_v condemn_v there_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n be_v restore_v not_o only_o to_o his_o fame_n but_o likewise_o to_o all_o his_o estate_n even_o though_o it_o be_v bestow_v upon_o a_o three_o party_n as_o be_v after_o much_o debate_n find_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1661._o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n title_n xxix_o of_o prescription_n in_o crime_n 1._o how_o crime_n do_v prescrive_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o whether_o do_v crime_n prescrive_v by_o our_o law_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n crime_n do_v prescrive_v in_o twenty_o year_n l._n querela_fw-la c._n defal_v and_o clarius_n do_v assert_v that_o general_o all_o the_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o all_o criminal_a pursuit_n prescribe_v in_o that_o time_n but_o this_o prescription_n do_v not_o run_v in_o some_o atrocious_a crime_n such_o as_o sodomy_n parricide_n apostasy_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o they_o err_v for_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o either_o semper_fw-la paricidii_fw-la accusatio_fw-la permittitur_fw-la as_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr leg_n pompey_n ad_fw-la paricid_n or_o that_o nullus_fw-la temporibus_fw-la arcetur_fw-la apostotarum_fw-la accusatio_fw-la that_o must_v be_v interpret_v the_o prescriptione_n vigniti_fw-la annorum_fw-la which_o be_v in_o law_n call_v longissum_fw-la tempus_fw-la but_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n and_o peculatus_fw-la prescribe_v in_o five_o year_n ii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v with_o we_o if_o prescription_n have_v place_n at_o all_o and_o that_o it_o have_v not_o may_v be_v urge_v from_o these_o ground_n 1._o that_o prescription_n have_v no_o place_n with_o we_o except_o where_o it_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o particular_a statute_n and_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n warrant_v prescription_n in_o criminal_o and_o if_o 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or_o fire-raiser_n 80._o witchcraft_n 109._o murder_n 139._o of_o duel_n 148._o self-murder_n 152._o parricide_n 159._o incest_n sodomy_n bestiality_n 163._o rape_n or_o ravish_v 169._o adultery_n 185._o bigamy_n 190._o theft_n 211._o theft-boot_n and_o receipt_n 218._o hame-sucken_a 223._o break_v of_o prison_n 230._o de_fw-fr dardanatiis_fw-la or_o forestallers_a 236._o usury_n 248._o the_o bribe_v partiality_n and_o negligence_n of_o judge_n 255._o deforcement_n 268._o falshood_n 286._o stellionatus_fw-la 290._o perjury_n 303._o of_o injury_n personal_a and_o real_a and_o of_o infamous_a libel_n 309._o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 314._o bear_v of_o unlawful_a weapon_n 317._o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n 319._o robbery_n oppression_n vis_fw-la publica_fw-la &_o privata_fw-la 331._o be_v and_o part_n open_a &_o consilio_fw-la 347._o some_o crime_n punish_v among_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v not_o direct_o in_o use_n with_o we_o part_n ii_o 351._o of_o jurisdiction_n in_o general_n 355._o of_o the_o judge_n competent_a de_fw-fr foro_fw-la competenti_fw-la 364._o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o crime_n 367._o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high_a constable_n in_o criminal_n 372._o the_o jurisdiction_n competent_a to_o the_o high_a chamberlain_n and_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n royal._n 374._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n in_o criminal_n 385._o of_o the_o exchequer_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 386._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o criminal_n 393._o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 397._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 401._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regalitis_n in_o criminal_n 411._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o sheriff_n in_o criminal_n 417._o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n 420._o of_o justice_n of_o peace_n 423._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o of_o the_o several_a employment_n and_o officer_n of_o that_o court._n 429._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n over_o soldier_n and_o of_o military_a crime_n 434._o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 442._o of_o inquisition_n 446._o of_o accusation_n and_o accuser_n 456._o of_o advocat_n and_o procurator_n 462._o of_o libel_n and_o the_o form_n of_o process_n thereto_o relate_v 476._o of_o exculpation_n and_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o the_o defender_n 488._o of_o assizes_n 511._o of_o probation_n by_o confession_n 522._o probation_n by_o oath_n by_o writ_n and_o by_o presumption_n 527._o probation_n by_o witness_n 543._o of_o torture_n 546._o of_o remission_n 551._o of_o prescription_n in_o crime_n 556._o of_o punishment_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la 567._o of_o criminal_a sentence_n and_o their_o execution_n part_n i._n title_n i._o of_o crymes_n in_o general_a and_o by_o what_o law_n they_o be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n 1_o how_o crymes_n differ_v from_o delict_n and_o malefice_n 2_o in_o what_o consist_v the_o nature_n and_o 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soul_n some_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_a principle_n whereby_o he_o be_v lead_v to_o love_v order_n but_o do_v likewise_o fence_v the_o aeconomy_n and_o government_n he_o have_v place_v in_o the_o world_n with_o reward_n and_o punishment_n and_o it_o be_v just_a that_o as_o these_o who_o do_v virtuous_o be_v to_o be_v reward_v so_o these_o who_o be_v vicious_a shall_v be_v punish_v which_o punishment_n be_v the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n and_o of_o this_o treatise_n i._o transgression_n or_o peccatum_fw-la be_v by_o modestinus_n l._n obligamur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr obl_n &_o act._n make_v the_o root_n of_o all_o enormity_n and_o be_v divide_v delicta_fw-la into_o quasi_fw-la delicta_fw-la &_o crimina_fw-la quasi_fw-la delicta_fw-la be_v such_o fault_n and_o transgression_n as_o be_v not_o so_o heinous_a that_o they_o deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v criminal_o such_o as_o small_a riot_n delicta_fw-la be_v such_o as_o deserve_v a_o more_o severe_a punishment_n 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unlawful_a mean_n use_v by_o sorcerer_n ii_o in_o
doubt_v whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n or_o subject_n have_v a_o justiciary_a be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n foresay_a xix_o the_o second_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n shall_v be_v immediate_o commit_v to_o prison_n and_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n id_fw-la est_fw-la caution_n under_o which_o they_o must_v remain_v ay_o and_o while_o they_o suffer_v a_o assize_n ja._n 2._o p._n 12._o c._n 49._o and_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a in_o our_o law_n that_o there_o be_v no_o time_n prescribe_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o insist_v but_o that_o the_o person_n suspect_v may_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n for_o a_o long_a time_n though_o he_o be_v very_o innocent_a and_o offer_v himself_o to_o a_o trial_n whereby_o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o subject_n may_v be_v ruin_v in_o their_o fortune_n and_o family_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v hard_o that_o traitor_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o go_v abroad_o because_o probation_n can_v be_v present_o have_v which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o traitor_n have_v abstract_v or_o that_o the_o king_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o discover_v too_o soon_o by_o a_o pursuit_n a_o treason_n which_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o policy_n to_o cover_v for_o some_o time_n and_o as_o in_o war_n so_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v as_o dangerous_a many_o thing_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o otherwise_o regular_a the_o interest_n of_o all_o preponderate_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o or_o a_o few_o xx._n the_o three_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o all_o charge_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n and_o by_o macer_n and_o that_o for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n else_o these_o charge_n be_v declare_v null_n ja._n 6._o p._n 12._o c._n 125._o likeas_n the_o ordinary_a custom_n be_v to_o execute_v summons_n of_o treason_n after_o that_o manner_n but_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o 5._o of_o december_n 1666._o in_o the_o action_n intent_a at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o mackulloch_n and_o other_o that_o this_o act_n do_v only_o relate_v to_o summons_n of_o treason_n or_o any_o other_o charge_n wherein_o man_n be_v ordain_v to_o obey_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n but_o that_o inditement_n of_o treason_n give_v to_o man_n who_o be_v in_o prison_n may_v be_v execute_v by_o ordinary_a messenger_n and_o yet_o the_o act_n say_v that_o all_o execution_n give_v otherwise_o then_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n shall_v be_v null_a xxi_o woman_n and_o other_o may_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n though_o in_o other_o crime_n they_o can_v and_o one_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a here_o and_o famosi_n &_o impuberes_fw-la of_o what_o ever_o age_n be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o the_o sederunt_fw-la of_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o likeas_n cod._n fab_n hoc_fw-la tit_n def_n 4._o say_v est_fw-la privilegium_fw-la criminis_fw-la laese_n majestatis_fw-la ut_fw-la facilius_fw-la probetur_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la famoso_n &_o socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1591._o vid._n pappon_n lib._n 24._o tit_n 2._o but_o the_o english_a do_v most_o just_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o punishment_n be_v severe_a in_o treason_n therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o manifest_a and_o direct_a proof_n and_o not_o by_o presumption_n or_o strain_n of_o wit_n cook_n pag._n 12._o and_o that_o two_o witness_n be_v necessary_a for_o prove_v treason_n he_o prove_v most_o learned_o pag._n 26._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n famosi_fw-it &_o mulieres_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o accuse_v in_o this_o crime_n though_o not_o in_o any_o other_o crime_n l._n 7_o and_o 8._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj_o but_o this_o last_o privilege_n shall_v only_o hold_v in_o perduellion_n mascard_v de_fw-fr prob_fw-la lib._n 1._o conclu_fw-la 462._o and_o not_o in_o statutory_a treason_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o no_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v math._n opinion_n pa._n 372._o because_o per_fw-la l._n ult_n cod_n de_fw-fr prob_fw-la in_o capitalibus_fw-la causis_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la atque_fw-la appertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la opus_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la nec_fw-la excipitur_fw-la crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la neither_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o because_o person_n who_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o other_o crime_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v accuser_n in_o this_o that_o therefore_o these_o who_o be_v unfit_a to_o be_v witness_n in_o other_o crime_n shall_v be_v admit_v in_o this_o for_o there_o be_v little_a hazard_n in_o a_o unfit_a accuser_n but_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o unfit_a witness_n and_o this_o i_o think_v much_o more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n then_o the_o former_a statute_n for_o the_o great_a the_o hazard_n be_v the_o probation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o clear_a and_o though_o testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v or_o one_o witness_n may_v prove_v sufficient_o for_o subject_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o say_v only_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v witness_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o all_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o any_o condemnatory_a verdict_n or_o sentence_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o such_o probation_n i_o find_v also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n that_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la &_o famosi_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n not_o in_o treason_n general_o but_o in_o perduellion_n and_o that_o act_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n restrict_v so_o that_o the_o panel_n can_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n or_o forfeiture_n upon_o such_o deposition_n but_o only_o to_o torture_v nor_o will_v he_o be_v torture_v upon_o such_o deposition_n except_o the_o deponent_a be_v upon_o oath_n and_o abide_v the_o torture_n also_o at_o his_o deposition_n cod._a fab_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 5._o all_o which_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a but_o yet_o it_o seem_v that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la but_o he_o who_o be_v convict_v or_o have_v confess_v the_o crime_n and_o dilate_v other_o for_o else_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v for_o treason_n can_v allege_v that_o the_o witness_n lead_v against_o he_o be_v socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la to_o the_o panel_n except_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a himself_o and_o be_v socius_fw-la to_o the_o witness_n therein_o nam_fw-la relata_fw-la se_fw-la mutuo_fw-la ponunt_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o find_v in_o assint_n process_n but_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o though_o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la can_v not_o be_v receive_v for_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o can_v be_v receive_v against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o doctor_n who_o exclude_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o treason_n but_o as_o to_o this_o i_o doubt_v very_o much_o for_o if_o a_o person_n confess_v his_o accession_n it_o seem_v unjust_a that_o he_o can_v condemn_v other_o be_v infamous_a himself_o and_o yet_o in_o open_a treason_n as_o rise_v in_o arm_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o receive_v such_o as_o be_v in_o arm_n for_o none_o else_o can_v come_v near_o a_o army_n of_o rebel_n and_o so_o the_o crime_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o these_o or_o by_o none_o xxii_o the_o five_o privilege_n be_v that_o treason_n be_v not_o extinguish_v by_o death_n in_o all_o case_n as_o other_o crime_n be_v but_o that_o treason_n commit_v against_o the_o kâ—ngs_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v inquire_v into_o after_o death_n and_o the_o committer_n heir_n may_v be_v forefault_n therefore_o ja._n 5._o p._n 6._o c._n 69._o which_o act_n bear_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n these_o general_a word_n contain_v in_o it_o against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o common-weal_n must_v only_o be_v extend_v against_o such_o treason_n as_o be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n account_v perduellion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o case_n and_o what_o be_v therein_o call_v perduellion_n see_v albeit_o all_o treason_n may_v by_o a_o natural_a interpretation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n yet_o the_o civil_a law_n declare_v only_o that_o species_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n which_o they_o call_v perduellion_n to_o be_v punishable_a after_o death_n l._n ult_n ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj._n plane_n non_fw-la quisquis_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la
punishable_a by_o death_n cap._n 8._o parl._n 3_o i._o 5._o ii_o but_o since_o design_n and_o dolus_fw-la be_v act_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o they_o be_v infer_v from_o presumption_n and_o what_o presumption_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n be_v very_o well_o relate_v by_o far._n quest_n 110._o cap._n 2._o and_o john_n meldrum_n be_v execute_v upon_o presumption_n 2_o aug._n 1633._o where_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendrick_n the_o only_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o he_o be_v great_a threaten_n capital_a enmity_n his_o contradict_a himself_o in_o his_o own_o examination_n common_a brute_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v the_o burner_n but_o i_o think_v that_o case_n very_o hard_o and_o not_o to_o be_v draw_v in_o consequence_n for_o though_o the_o dolus_fw-la and_o design_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n because_o that_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o the_o burn_a itself_o be_v a_o external_a act_n shall_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n and_o confession_n 2._o see_v probatio_fw-la praesumptiva_fw-la be_v but_o fiâ—titiâ—_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o allow_v both_o thâ—_n burn_v itself_o and_o quo_fw-la animo_fw-la the_o fire_n be_v raise_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n against_o that_o common_a rule_n in_o law_n that_o dvae_fw-la fictiones_fw-la non_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o candem_fw-la rem_fw-la 3._o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o dolus_fw-la debet_fw-la possit_fw-la probari_fw-la manifest_a bertez_n consil_n 322._o iii_o it_o be_v doubt_v among_o the_o doctor_n whether_o he_o that_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o incendiarius_fw-la since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la rei_fw-la sua_fw-la arbyter_n and_o dominion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o use_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o we_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o fire-raising_a be_v ofttimes_o punish_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prejudice_n it_o have_v do_v sed_fw-la quia_fw-la flamma_fw-la potuit_fw-la longius_fw-la è_fw-la vagari_fw-la therefore_o fire-raising_a shall_v be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o any_o man_n will_v burn_v his_o own_o without_o design_n so_o if_o this_o be_v not_o punish_v man_n may_v upon_o the_o pretext_n of_o burn_v their_o own_o waste_n and_o destroy_v their_o own_o and_o ruin_v their_o neighbouss_n and_o he_o may_v very_o well_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v have_v a_o design_n against_o his_o neighbour_n but_o though_o the_o immediate_a dominion_n belong_v to_o private_a person_n yet_o the_o king_n have_v also_o a_o interest_n &_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v kill_v himself_o lawful_o so_o neither_o can_v he_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n except_o he_o can_v instruct_v that_o he_o do_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o fire-raising_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v various_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o raiser_n of_o fire_n within_o a_o town_n be_v burn_v alive_a those_o who_o burn_v corn_n beside_o house_n be_v bind_v and_o beat_v and_o then_o burn_v but_o not_o burn_v quick_a as_o we_o speak_v lex_fw-la 28._o parag_v incendiarii_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la but_o the_o burn_a of_o a_o house_n or_o village_n be_v not_o so_o high_o punish_v and_o clarus_n quest._n 68_o think_v that_o the_o statutory_a pain_n of_o fire-raising_a if_o it_o be_v capital_a shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o small_a fire-raising_a but_o since_o a_o small_a spark_n may_v kindle_v a_o great_a fire_n this_o conclusion_n seem_v very_o unwarrantable_a if_o the_o fire_n be_v design_o raise_v v._o according_a to_o our_o law_n the_o burn_a of_o folk_n in_o their_o house_n and_o corn_n and_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v treason_n and_o laese_n majesty_n ja._n 5._o p._n 3._o cap._n 8._o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o particle_n and_o be_v not_o here_o copulative_a but_o a_o disjunctive_a for_o either_o of_o these_o case_n viz._n the_o burn_a of_o corn_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la treason_n 2._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v not_o treason_n though_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v treason_n which_o may_v be_v conclude_v by_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o all_o punishment_n shall_v be_v commensurat_fw-la to_o the_o delict_n and_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v and_o therefore_o since_o fire-raisings_a be_v very_o various_a it_o be_v unjust_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o equal_o punish_v especial_o the_o punishment_n here_o be_v treason_n which_o be_v too_o severe_a for_o burn_a peets_n in_o a_o moss_n or_o a_o little_a cottage_n stand_v in_o a_o moor_n where_o the_o guilt_n be_v so_o small_a that_o the_o offender_n in_o these_o case_n shall_v be_v capital_o punish_v and_o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v against_o mackenzie_n of_o suddie_n upon_o the_o 29._o july_n 1693._o for_o burn_a some_o fuel_n stand_v upon_o a_o moor_n the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v this_o as_o treason_n 2._o if_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v by_o this_o act_n treason_n there_o need_v not_o a_o posterior_n act_n have_v be_v make_v cap._n 146._o p._n 12._o ja._n 6._o declare_v that_o wilful_a fire-raising_a in_o coal-heughs_a upon_o malice_n and_o despite_n be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n 3._o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n ja._n 5._o it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o burn_a of_o folk_n in_o their_o house_n and_o the_o burn_a of_o house_n and_o corn_n shall_v be_v treason_n if_o general_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v treason_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n then_o of_o that_o act_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a species_n of_o fire-raising_a declare_v to_o be_v treason_n by_o that_o act_n the_o first_o be_v the_o burn_a folk_n in_o their_o house_n which_o must_v be_v interpret_v likewise_o to_o be_v the_o burn_a of_o dwelling_v house_n though_o the_o people_n be_v not_o accidental_o there_o or_o be_v possible_o there_o and_o escape_v which_o species_n of_o fire-raising_a be_v most_o severe_o punish_v both_o because_o fire-raising_a be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o horrid_a &_o domus_fw-la sua_fw-la est_fw-la unicuique_fw-la tutissimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o because_o ordinary_o the_o burn_a of_o all_o the_o person_n dwell_v in_o the_o house_n be_v thereby_o design_v as_o well_o as_o the_o burn_a the_o house_n itself_o the_o second_o species_n be_v the_o burn_a house_n and_o corn_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o foresay_a 28._o law_n ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o qui_fw-la acervum_fw-la frumenti_fw-la juxta_fw-la aedes_fw-la positum_fw-la combusserit_fw-la vinctus_fw-la verberatusque_fw-la igne_fw-la necatur_fw-la the_o three_o species_n be_v wilful_a fire-raising_a which_o differ_v in_o this_o from_o burn_v that_o burn_v be_v of_o a_o particular_a place_n with_o design_n to_o destroy_v no_o more_o but_o fire-raising_a be_v the_o burn_a a_o particular_a place_n with_o design_n to_o burn_v more_o as_o to_o kindle_v a_o little_a corn_n upon_o design_n to_o burn_v the_o whole_a field_n vi_o the_o other_o act_n make_v the_o burn_a of_o coal-heughs_a to_o be_v treason_n be_v practise_v upon_o john_n henry_n 14._o june_n 1615._o who_o be_v hang_v thereupon_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o favourableness_n of_o that_o manufactory_a which_o some_o do_v ruin_n by_o put_v fire_n in_o they_o which_o be_v so_o easy_a that_o nothing_o can_v defend_v against_o it_o but_o the_o severity_n of_o such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o and_o upon_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o hazard_n which_o do_v arise_v by_o such_o fire_n as_o this_o which_o can_v never_o be_v quench_v when_o once_o kindle_v vii_o i_o be_v once_o consult_v whether_o the_o drown_n of_o coal-heughs_a be_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n since_o erat_fw-la eadem_fw-la ratio_fw-la utrobique_fw-la but_o i_o think_v not_o because_o penal_a law_n especial_o in_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a as_o treason_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v as_o be_v elsewhere_o large_o debate_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v not_o equal_a to_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o for_o drown_v can_v be_v easy_o remove_v and_o can_v spread_v so_o far_o viii_o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v it_o shall_v be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v cognosce_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o all_o remission_n grant_v for_o fire-raising_a be_v declare_v null_n but_o this_o last_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la and_o fire-raising_a be_v include_v in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n remission_n it_o be_v sustain_v though_o their_o act_n be_v object_v ix_o if_o dole_n and_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o fire-raising_a so_o that_o it_o be_v accidental_a sed_fw-la si_fw-la culpa_fw-la incendio_fw-la
causam_fw-la dederit_fw-la there_o be_v a_o civil_a action_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n allow_v ex_fw-la lege_fw-la aquilia_fw-la but_o for_o the_o further_a understanding_n incendii_fw-la culpas_fw-la the_o more_o exact_a doctor_n do_v distinguish_v betwixt_o incendium_fw-la ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la commissum_fw-la and_o since_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la aequi_fw-la paratur_fw-la dolo_fw-la therefore_o they_o make_v it_o to_o be_v corporeal_o punishable_a though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o punishment_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o death_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v only_o ex_fw-la culpa_fw-la levi_fw-la than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a but_o if_o the_o committer_n have_v not_o wherewith_o to_o pay_v his_o fine_a he_o may_v subsidiar_o be_v punish_v in_o his_o person_n but_o if_o the_o fire_n be_v raise_v per_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la than_o the_o committer_n can_v never_o be_v punish_v corporeal_o even_o though_o he_o want_v money_n wherewith_o to_o pay_v his_o fine_a dicunt_fw-la tamen_fw-la aliqui_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la in_o faciendo_fw-la aequiparari_fw-la culpae_fw-la levi_fw-la in_o committendo_fw-la alex._n con_v 55._o ix_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o burn_v a_o house_n in_o a_o town_n by_o misgovernance_n and_o not_o of_o set_a purpose_n as_o the_o act_n say_v he_o shall_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n and_o his_o good_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o he_o who_o suffer_v the_o prejudice_n and_o shall_v likewise_o be_v banish_v for_o three_o year_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o good_n he_o shall_v be_v scourge_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n and_o through_o the_o town_n and_o shall_v be_v banish_v for_o seven_o year_n but_o if_o he_o who_o owe_v the_o house_n do_v either_o by_o himself_o his_o wife_n or_o bairn_n id_fw-la est_fw-la negligent_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n albeit_o no_o neighbour_n be_v thereby_o prejudge_v yet_o he_o shall_v be_v banish_v the_o town_n for_o three_o year_n and_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o house_n be_v set_v burn_v the_o same_o negligent_o he_o shall_v repair_v the_o damage_n and_o be_v baninish_v for_o three_o year_n or_o if_o a_o stranger_n or_o traveller_n burn_v as_o say_v be_v he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o repair_v the_o skaith_n which_o if_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v he_o shall_v abide_v in_o sickerness_n id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o prison_n at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o if_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n be_v negligent_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n they_o be_v to_o be_v unlaw_v in_o ten_o pound_n and_o if_o fire_n happen_v in_o husband-town_n in_o barony_n they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o lord_n id_fw-la est_fw-la baron_n in_o likemanner_n as_o magistrate_n do_v within_o burgh_n ja._n 1._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 75._o by_o this_o act_n likewise_o no_o fire_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v from_o on_o house_n to_o another_o but_o in_o a_o cover_a vessel_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o un-law_n but_o since_o this_o un-law_n be_v not_o express_v it_o be_v therefore_o arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o raise_v it_o as_o high_a as_o his_o jurisdiction_n will_v suffer_v though_o in_o justice_n he_o shall_v proportion_v it_o to_o the_o crime_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o tax_v here_o of_o design_n that_o it_o may_v be_v proportion_v as_o say_v be_v upon_o this_o act_n there_o may_v be_v several_a doubt_n raise_v as_o first_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n misgovernance_n for_o clear_v whereof_o the_o common_a distinction_n make_v by_o the_o doctor_n and_o relate_v by_o alexander_n consilio_fw-la 55._o will_v be_v consider_v and_o it_o appear_v that_o misgovernance_n in_o this_o case_n do_v include_v culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la the_o mean_a fault_n because_o the_o act_n bear_v misgovernance_n and_o not_o of_o set_a purpose_n so_o that_o whatever_o be_v not_o of_o set_a purpose_n or_o design_v be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act._n likeas_n the_o word_n reckles_o which_o be_v likewise_o use_v in_o this_o act_n as_o exegetick_a of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v to_o culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o since_o the_o punishment_n of_o servant_n raise_v fire_n by_o misgovernance_n be_v to_o be_v scourge_v public_o and_o then_o banish_v and_o that_o master_n be_v punish_v if_o they_o burn_v their_o own_o house_n after_o that_o manner_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o extend_v this_o punishment_n ad_fw-la culpam_fw-la levissimam_fw-la and_o as_o the_o law_n interpret_v obligation_n to_o give_v wine_n or_o corn_n neither_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o best_a nor_o worst_a of_o that_o species_n so_o in_o this_o case_n misgovernance_n shall_v be_v interpret_v as_o that_o it_o may_v proper_o neither_o be_v mean_v of_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la nor_o levissima_fw-la but_o of_o culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la which_o be_v media_fw-la and_o the_o word_n misgovernance_n proper_o do_v imply_v a_o fault_n that_o be_v considerable_a &_o verba_fw-la poenam_fw-la imponentia_fw-la sunt_fw-la strictissime_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la as_o lawyer_n observe_v 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o if_o child_n who_o be_v not_o come_v to_o that_o age_n at_o which_o they_o be_v only_o punishable_a themselves_o shall_v burn_v the_o father_n house_n if_o the_o father_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o he_o be_v see_v accident_n without_o judgement_n be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n by_o repair_v the_o damage_n do_v yet_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o he_o be_v not_o because_o 1._o he_o who_o have_v no_o government_n by_o law_n of_o himself_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o misgovernance_n 2._o child_n in_o law_n be_v equiparat_fw-la to_o furious_a person_n or_o idiot_n and_o as_o the_o father_n can_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o what_o be_v do_v by_o his_o child_n be_v furious_a and_o idiot_n so_o neither_o can_v he_o be_v punishable_a for_o what_o be_v do_v by_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v impuberes_fw-la 3._o quia_fw-la accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la naturam_fw-la svi_fw-la principalis_fw-la &_o subsidiarium_fw-la naturam_fw-la ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la est_fw-la subsidiarum_fw-la and_o therefore_o where_o the_o child_n himself_o can_v be_v punish_v we_o ought_v to_o conclude_v that_o the_o father_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o he_o xi_o the_o doctor_n do_v conclude_v that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v bind_v not_o only_o for_o his_o own_o but_o likewise_o for_o the_o fault_n of_o any_o of_o the_o family_n who_o raise_v fire_n for_o have_v choose_v they_o himself_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v liable_a for_o their_o fault_n and_o he_o ought_v to_o blame_v himself_o for_o not_o choose_v of_o better_a servant_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v restrict_v to_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o servant_n in_o their_o respective_a employment_n to_o which_o they_o be_v make_v overseer_n by_o master_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o cook_n shall_v leave_v the_o fire_n secure_o at_o night_n in_o the_o kitchen_n but_o a_o laquie_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n shall_v thereafter_o come_v in_o to_o the_o kitchen_n and_o scatter_v it_o so_o as_o that_o both_o their_o master_n and_o the_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v they_o conclude_v that_o the_o master_n will_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v up_o his_o neighbour_n damage_n since_o the_o master_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v the_o person_n choose_v by_o he_o have_v do_v his_o duty_n carpz_n part_n 1._o quest_n 39_o num_fw-la 51_o &_o 52._o but_o this_o seem_v unreasonable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o master_n shall_v not_o have_v choose_v any_o such_o servant_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o the_o neighbour_n by_o who_o the_o prejudice_n be_v do_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v without_o the_o committer_n office_n or_o not_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o person_n who_o do_v the_o injury_n be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o profligat_fw-la or_o vicious_a person_n before_o he_o be_v employ_v and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o may_v be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o it_o will_v secure_v neighbour_n and_o be_v advantageous_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o none_o shall_v employ_v servant_n who_o be_v not_o sufficient_a title_n x._o witchcraft_n 1._o wierus_n argument_n against_o the_o punish_n of_o witch_n with_o the_o answer_v thereto_o 2._o some_o observation_n which_o may_v persuade_v a_o judge_n to_o be_v cautious_a in_o judge_v this_o crime_n 3._o upon_o what_o presumption_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o 5._o paction_n with_o the_o devil_n 6._o renounce_v of_o baptism_n 7._o the_o devil_n mark_v 8._o threaten_v to_o do_v mischief_n how_o
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o these_o argument_n 1._o that_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o witchcraft_n be_v ordinary_o silly_a old_a woman_n who_o age_n and_o sex_n dispose_v they_o to_o melancholy_a and_o who_o melancholy_a dispose_v they_o to_o a_o madness_n which_o shall_v render_v their_o confession_n very_o suspect_v and_o in_o this_o crime_n there_o be_v seldom_o other_o prove_v whereas_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v so_o horrid_a that_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n will_v commit_v they_o 2._o god_n can_v only_o work_v the_o miracle_n ascribe_v to_o witch_n he_o who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o able_a to_o alter_v or_o divert_v its_o course_n and_o the_o devil_n do_v but_o delude_v the_o fancy_n of_o poor_a creature_n as_o fever_n and_o melancholy_a misrepresent_v object_n nor_o be_v such_o as_o be_v cheat_v in_o the_o one_o more_o guilty_a than_o they_o who_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v severe_a to_o burn_v man_n and_o woman_n for_o do_v that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o people_n by_o transform_v a_o rod_n into_o a_o serpent_n as_o moses_n have_v do_v though_o no_o person_n be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o cheat_n and_o illusion_n likeas_n leu._n 29._o and_o 27._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n or_o that_o be_v a_o wizard_n shall_v sure_o be_v put_v to_o death_n they_o shall_v stone_n they_o with_o stone_n their_o blood_n shall_v be_v upon_o they_o which_o law_n be_v in_o such_o observation_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n 1_o sam._n 28._o be_v afraid_a to_o use_v her_o sorcery_n before_o the_o king_n because_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v off_o those_o who_o have_v familiar_a spirit_n and_o wizard_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o great_a indignation_n do_v the_o eternal_a god_n bear_v to_o this_o sin_n that_o he_o do_v destroy_v the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n because_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o it_o not_o be_v the_o jew_n only_a enemy_n to_o this_o vice_n but_o even_o the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n lib._n 5._o sumps_n cap._n 7._o observe_n quodammodo_fw-la philosophiam_fw-la tollunt_fw-la qui_fw-la rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la opportet_fw-la autem_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fiat_fw-la ratione_fw-la tractare_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o power_n and_o will_v to_o prejudge_v man_n can_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o execute_v all_o that_o be_v in_o witchcraft_n and_o it_o be_v as_o credible_a that_o god_n will_v suffer_v man_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n he_o will_v give_v continue_v proof_n of_o his_o power_n in_o repress_v the_o devil_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n that_o silly_a man_n have_v of_o depend_v upon_o his_o infinite_a power_n to_o the_o former_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o all_o sin_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
killer_n shall_v not_o be_v capital_o punish_v albeit_o he_o be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n i_o likewise_o think_v that_o the_o fear_n of_o imprisonment_n by_o the_o defender_n may_v excuse_v from_o capital_a punishment_n see_v liberty_n be_v as_o dear_a as_o life_n and_o no_o man_n can_v be_v secure_a of_o his_o life_n if_o he_o be_v unjust_o imprison_v &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la aggressor_n qui_fw-la occasionem_fw-la praebuit_fw-la it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o will_v murder_v our_o friend_n or_o fellow-traveller_n which_o be_v account_v lawful_a though_o not_o self-defence_n which_o be_v extend_v also_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o all_o other_o because_o we_o shall_v love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o and_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o thief_n who_o in_o the_o night_n offer_v to_o break_v our_o house_n or_o steal_v our_o good_n even_o though_o he_o defend_v not_o himself_o because_o we_o know_v not_o but_o he_o design_n against_o our_o life_n and_o murder_n may_v be_v easy_o commit_v upon_o we_o in_o the_o night_n but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o thief_n who_o steal_v in_o the_o day_n time_n except_o he_o resist_v we_o when_o we_o offer_v to_o take_v he_o and_o present_v he_o to_o justice_n iv._o this_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n must_v be_v propon_v against_o the_o revelancy_n and_o must_v be_v condescend_v upon_o thus_o the_o pannal_n no_o way_n acknowledge_v the_o kill_n yet_o if_o he_o kill_v it_o be_v do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o the_o defunct_a draw_v a_o sword_n and_o thrust_v or_o offer_v a_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v propon_v to_o the_o assize_n as_o i_o have_v oft_o hear_v this_o press_v but_o very_o unreasonable_o for_o this_o concern_v the_o relevancy_n to_o which_o the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a and_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o refer_v to_o ignorant_a assizer_n matter_n of_o such_o importance_n and_o which_o be_v oft_o so_o intricat_a in_o jure_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o assize_n and_o be_v not_o condescend_v upon_o and_o make_v relevant_a it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o accuser_n can_v know_v the_o accession_n of_o the_o panel_n till_o the_o witness_n first_o condescend_v upon_o it_o but_o the_o panel_n can_v but_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o his_o own_o self-defence_n and_o be_v not_o to_o learn_v that_o from_o other_o but_o yet_o though_o the_o proponer_n of_o a_o defence_n do_v in_o civilibus_fw-la acknowledge_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la the_o lybel_n yet_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la though_o the_o defender_n or_o panel_n prove_v not_o his_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n he_o will_v not_o be_v condemn_v except_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi prove_v the_o lybel_n v._o the_o way_n of_o prove_v this_o self-defence_n be_v by_o raise_v a_o precept_n of_o exculpation_n but_o be_v now_o only_o by_o a_o summons_n which_o express_v not_o so_o particular_o the_o defence_n in_o all_o its_o circumstance_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v hereafter_o help_v which_o it_o seem_v be_v unjust_a for_o the_o panel_n shall_v know_v what_o himself_o do_v nor_o shall_v a_o judge_n grant_v a_o precept_n for_o exculpation_n till_o he_o see_v that_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n for_o crave_v it_o this_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n be_v so_o favourable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumtion_n by_o witness_n otherways_o declinable_a as_o cousens_n servant_n and_o witness_n who_o depone_v only_o upon_o credulity_n and_o the_o defence_n itself_o be_v once_o prove_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o it_o be_v do_v necessary_o and_o lawful_o &_o potius_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la quam_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la far._n quest_n 115._o part_n 7._o §_o 1._o and_o yet_o our_o law_n allow_v no_o witness_n to_o be_v receive_v in_o defence_n but_o such_o as_o it_o allow_v pursuit_n and_o witness_n lead_v in_o defence_n be_v more_o to_o be_v suspect_v for_o man_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o go_v all_o length_n in_o bring_v off_o the_o panel_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v assize_n of_o error_n against_o such_o as_o absolve_v a_o panel_n but_o none_o against_o those_o who_o condemn_v he_o before_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n self-defence_n be_v still_o sustain_v by_o the_o justice_n to_o elide_v the_o lybel_n of_o murder_n but_o it_o be_v oft_o ineffectual_a see_v there_o be_v no_o precept_n of_o exculpation_n then_o use_v and_o consequent_o except_o either_o the_o panel_n can_v have_v prove_v the_o inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la by_o the_o accuser_n own_o witness_n who_o be_v lead_v to_o prove_v the_o murder_n which_o be_v not_o secure_a see_v these_o who_o see_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o scuffle_n and_o first_o aggression_n may_v have_v be_v absent_a when_o the_o aggressor_n be_v kill_v or_o that_o the_o witness_n will_v have_v voluntary_o appear_v which_o be_v a_o probable_a reason_n to_o set_v they_o they_o be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la testes_fw-la ultronii_fw-la the_o defence_n can_v not_o have_v be_v prove_v whether_o self-defence_n will_v defend_v or_o be_v lawful_a in_o paricid_n see_v more_o of_o this_o title_n exculpation_n vi_o homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v casual_o without_o either_o the_o fault_n or_o design_n of_o the_o killer_n as_o if_o a_o axe_n head_n shall_v fall_v off_o and_o kill_v a_o by_o slander_n or_o a_o rider_n shall_v kill_v with_o his_o horse_n foot_n in_o which_o case_n our_o law_n appoint_v that_o if_o the_o prejudice_n be_v do_v by_o the_o horse_n forme_v foot_n than_o the_o rider_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o prejudice_n do_v and_o these_o satisfaction_n be_v call_v croo_n or_o galnes_n but_o where_o it_o be_v there_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v give_v croo_n or_o galnes_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o himself_o it_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v not_o as_o if_o the_o rider_n shall_v be_v punishable_a in_o that_o case_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o that_o the_o assythment_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o but_o the_o rider_n be_v not_o liable_a at_o all_o for_o what_o prejudice_n be_v do_v by_o the_o horse_n hinder_v foot_n lib._n 4._o reg._n maj._n c._n 24._o casual_a slaughter_n or_o homicide_n then_o be_v that_o which_o be_v occasion_v by_o mistake_n and_o just_a ignorance_n for_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o affect_a ignorance_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n will_v not_o know_v what_o he_o may_v know_v his_o ignorance_n in_o that_o case_n will_v not_o make_v the_o murder_n follow_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v construct_v casual_a homicide_n but_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o gross_a and_o supina_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la it_o may_v be_v punishable_a by_o a_o extraordinary_a or_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o since_o such_o ignorance_n be_v a_o fault_n the_o murder_n occasion_v by_o it_o become_v culposum_fw-la or_o faulty_a homicide_n as_o seem_v to_o i_o clear_a by_o c._n continebatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n lator_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n it_o be_v then_o necessary_a that_o the_o committer_n use_v all_o exact_a diligence_n to_o evite_v the_o crime_n else_o he_o be_v not_o in_o the_o case_n of_o casual_a homicide_n further_a instance_n whereof_o be_v if_o a_o mason_n before_o he_o throw_v down_o stone_n advertise_v all_o below_o though_o in_o throw_v he_o kill_v he_o be_v to_o be_v clear_v as_o innocent_a or_o if_o a_o hunter_n shoot_v at_o a_o beast_n but_o a_o man_n come_v in_o the_o way_n and_o be_v kill_v and_o yet_o if_o either_o the_o mason_n cry_v not_o or_o if_o the_o hunter_n do_v shoot_v in_o a_o place_n where_o people_n use_v to_o be_v he_o be_v guilty_a of_o faulty_a murder_n in_o these_o case_n which_o show_v clear_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o murder_n vii_o if_o the_o killer_n be_v employ_v about_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a either_o in_o itself_o or_o unlawful_a to_o the_o actor_n the_o murder_n ensue_v be_v think_v still_o casual_a murder_n since_o murder_n be_v not_o design_v if_o the_o committer_n do_v exact_a diligence_n to_o shun_v all_o murder_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o carry_v gun_n be_v unlawful_a with_o we_o and_o to_o hunt_v be_v unlawful_a to_o priest_n by_o the_o canon_n law_n if_o then_o a_o man_n have_v a_o gun_n illegal_o shall_v lay_v it_o up_o secure_o or_o a_o churchman_n shall_v kill_v a_o man_n whilst_o he_o do_v shoot_v at_o a_o beast_n in_o a_o remote_a place_n these_o act_n will_v not_o infer_v murder_n because_o there_o be_v no_o act_n do_v there_o with_o relation_n to_o murder_n covar_n ad_fw-la clement_a si_fw-la furiosus_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o committer_n versatur_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la illicito_fw-la but_o
yet_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o committer_n be_v do_v what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o he_o he_o commit_v murder_n tho._n aquix_fw-la 22._o quest_n 69._o act_n because_o he_o do_v not_o at_o all_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o that_o case_n to_o evite_v murder_n since_o what_o he_o do_v be_v unlawful_a but_o i_o think_v they_o may_v be_v thus_o reconcile_v viz._n if_o the_o committer_n do_v what_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o what_o be_v criminal_a he_o shall_v be_v liable_a or_o if_o what_o he_o do_v may_v probable_o produce_v ill_a consequence_n and_o murder_n though_o he_o design_v not_o the_o same_o in_o all_o which_o case_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v liable_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o kill_v when_o he_o be_v do_v what_o be_v unlawful_a may_v be_v arbitrar_o punish_v though_o he_o do_v exact_a diligence_n to_o shun_v kill_v viii_o when_o homicide_n be_v casual_o commit_v some_o think_v that_o because_o there_o be_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v therefore_o the_o killer_n ought_v no_o way_n to_o be_v punish_v other_o think_v he_o liable_a to_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o fine_a &_o quod_fw-la wergeldum_fw-la solvere_fw-la tenetur_fw-la we_o semb_v parat_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n the_o sicar_n num_fw-la 27._o a_o three_o sect_n of_o lawyer_n distinguish_v so_o that_o if_o there_o proceed_v no_o fault_n in_o the_o committer_n than_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o no_o fine_a or_o to_o no_o punishment_n but_o that_o he_o be_v if_o any_o fault_n of_o his_o precede_v but_o it_o seem_v that_o if_o any_o fault_n precede_v the_o murder_n be_v not_o casual_a but_o be_v culposum_fw-la and_o so_o the_o distinction_n meet_v not_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o by_o lib._n 1._o s._n 3._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cor._n de_fw-fr sicar_n all_o casual_a homicide_n deserve_v some_o punishment_n and_o since_o some_o lawyer_n think_v that_o murder_n in_o self-defence_n excuse_v not_o from_o all_o punishment_n much_o less_o aught_o casual_a murder_n since_o self-defence_n want_v not_o only_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v but_o be_v a_o duty_n in_o itself_o ix_o homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la or_o faulty_a slaughter_n be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v not_o design_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v commit_v mere_o by_o accident_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v hound_n a_o dog_n at_o another_o who_o shall_v bite_v he_o at_o who_o he_o be_v hound_v so_o that_o he_o shall_v by_o thereby_o or_o if_o one_o shall_v strike_v with_o a_o batton_n when_o he_o have_v a_o sword_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrar_o but_o because_o aberat_fw-la animus_n occidendi_fw-la this_o be_v not_o proper_o murder_n and_o so_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o these_o circumstance_n which_o attend_v the_o fact_n for_o clear_v this_o difficulty_n the_o doctor_n say_v that_o either_o the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a only_o of_o culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la aut_fw-la levissima_fw-la and_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v no_o way_n punishable_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n inter_fw-la homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la culpam_fw-la levem_fw-la aut_fw-la levissimam_fw-la commissum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o nicolson_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v but_o homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la or_o culposum_fw-la for_o in_o struggle_v his_o gun_n be_v a_o half-bend_a go_v off_o nor_o know_v he_o ever_o the_o defunct_a and_o so_o can_v have_v no_o malice_n against_o he_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o carry_v of_o gun_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n and_o he_o the_o defunct_a be_v in_o actu_fw-la illicito_fw-la nor_o shall_v he_o have_v carry_v a_o gun_n which_o use_v to_o go_v off_o &_o versans_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la illicito_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excusatur_fw-la which_o reply_v the_o justice_n repel_v june_n 24._o 1673._o for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o law_n against_o wear_v gun_n be_v in_o desuetude_n as_o to_o fowler_n who_o trade_n it_o be_v &_o omni_fw-la culpa_fw-la caret_fw-la qui_fw-la facit_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la facere_fw-la solent_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrar_o but_o not_o by_o death_n nam_fw-la lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la nunquam_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la ubi_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la paena_fw-la corporis_fw-la afflictivae_fw-la x._o since_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v depend_v much_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o wound_v give_v lawyer_n conclude_v that_o wheâ—e_v the_o wound_n be_v not_o deadly_a or_o vulnus_fw-la lethale_n as_o they_o call_v it_o the_o inflicter_n of_o the_o wound_n can_v be_v punish_v though_o the_o party_n wound_v thereafter_o die_v and_o though_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o party_n live_v three_o day_n after_o the_o receive_n of_o the_o wound_n the_o wound_n be_v thereby_o presume_v not_o to_o be_v mortal_a accur_v in_o l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr emendat_fw-la seru._n yet_o general_o this_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v in_o this_o to_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o physician_n or_o of_o one_o physician_n if_o more_o be_v not_o present_a but_o if_o they_o vary_v than_o the_o judge_n shall_v incline_v to_o punish_v not_o by_o death_n but_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n for_o murder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v infer_v but_o from_o a_o conclude_a probation_n gail_n observe_v 111._o lib._n 2._o and_o if_o the_o wound_n be_v but_o small_a and_o a_o fever_n follow_v than_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o party_n die_v rather_o of_o a_o fever_n then_o of_o the_o wound_n especial_o if_o the_o person_n wound_v walk_v a_o foot_n for_o forty_o day_n gomes_n var._n resol_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 3._o and_o yet_o in_o december_n 1669._o m_o r._n william_n somervel_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n of_o bessy_n rentoun_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o say_v bailzie_n get_v only_o a_o wound_n with_o a_o batton_n that_o she_o never_o take_v head_n but_o travel_v five_o mile_n that_o night_n a_o foot_n and_o serve_v as_o a_o ordinary_a servant_n eight_o month_n thereafter_o till_o she_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n with_o which_o her_o brother_n infect_v she_o all_o which_o be_v repel_v because_o this_o alledgance_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o libel_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o libel_v that_o the_o wound_n be_v mortal_a and_o though_o where_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o libel_v express_o to_o be_v mortal_a such_o a_o defence_n may_v be_v admit_v and_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v intervallum_fw-la temporis_fw-la or_o supervenientia_fw-la febris_fw-la yet_o these_o nor_o no_o presumption_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v where_o the_o wound_n be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v lethal_a but_o this_o decision_n be_v so_o ill_o like_v that_o the_o council_n recomend_v m_o r._n william_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o grant_v he_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o judge_n may_v be_v so_o arbitrary_a in_o so_o great_a a_o concern_n i_o shall_v wish_v that_o the_o various_a period_n of_o nature_n in_o its_o cure_n and_o the_o various_a determination_n of_o judge_n be_v as_o to_o the_o criminal_a procedor_fw-la fix_v to_o some_o certain_a time_n and_o that_o therefore_o see_v ordinary_o wound_n that_o be_v mortal_a do_v kill_v the_o receiver_n in_o forty_o day_n i_o wish_v that_o it_o be_v therefore_o general_o conclude_v that_o he_o who_o die_v thereafter_o die_v not_o of_o his_o wound_n if_o he_o have_v walk_v afoot_n till_o that_o time_n vid._n zack_n quest._n medicolegal_a but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o the_o person_n wound_v die_v within_o year_n and_o day_n after_o his_o wound_n it_o be_v presume_v he_o die_v of_o his_o wound_n cook_n p._n 53._o there_o be_v another_o decision_n upon_o this_o subject_a the_o 13._o of_o july_n 1674._o james_n mason_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a ralstoun_n allege_v that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n since_o ralstoun_n follow_v he_o all_o that_o day_n from_o house_n to_o house_n and_o have_v at_o last_o put_v violent_a hand_n in_o the_o panel_n he_o be_v force_v to_o throw_v he_o off_o he_o and_o his_o head_n fall_v upon_o a_o stool_n and_o bleed_v which_o wound_v he_o take_v no_o pain_n to_o cure_v but_o stay_v in_o the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o though_o the_o wound_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v mortal_a by_o the_o chirurgeon_n yet_o by_o cold_a and_o drink_v he_o kill_v himself_o ex_fw-la malo_fw-la regimine_fw-la and_o when_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o can_v not_o amount_v to_o self-defence_n since_o the_o killer_n be_v not_o in_o periculo_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la constitutus_fw-la it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o violence_n do_v be_v
punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v accuse_v and_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vel_fw-la doloris_fw-la impatientia_fw-la for_o the_o first_o they_o punish_v as_o murder_n but_o the_o last_o they_o favour_v with_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nay_o and_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n many_o for_o make_v themselves_o away_o to_o evite_v thereby_o idolatry_n or_o pollution_n have_v be_v account_v as_o martyr_n thus_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o adauctus_n have_v kill_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deflower_v it_o be_v doubt_v if_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v number_v among_o the_o martyr_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cedren_n pag._n 220._o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v report_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 17._o of_o a_o noble_a lady_n who_o be_v bring_v to_o maxentius_n but_o our_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o such_o pretext_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o colour_v all_o base_a design_n and_o allow_v none_o to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n have_v make_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n dobbie_n cite_v by_o craig_n diage_n de_fw-fr regal_a and_o to_o allow_v this_o be_v to_o feed_v despair_n and_o to_o make_v patience_n and_o long-suffering_a to_o be_v no_o virtue_n ii_o yet_o furiosity_n and_o madness_n aught_o to_o defend_v against_o all_o punishment_n in_o this_o case_n since_o a_o furious_a person_n have_v no_o will_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o the_o will_n be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o crime_n nor_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o punish_v then_o infant_n be_v to_o who_o the_o law_n compare_v they_o fury_n also_o defend_v against_o treason_n blasphemy_n and_o heresy_n which_o be_v more_o atrocious_a crime_n than_o self-murder_n &_o facti_fw-la infelicitas_fw-la furiosum_fw-la defendere_fw-la dicitur_fw-la l._n infans_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o can_v well_o understand_v wherefore_o in_o dobby_n case_n as_o craig_n relate_v it_o the_o lord_n repel_v the_o defence_n of_o furiosity_n and_o find_v that_o even_o furious_a person_n ought_v to_o lose_v their_o movable_n if_o they_o kill_v themselves_o but_o i_o think_v the_o fury_n there_o have_v not_o be_v strong_o qualify_v and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v but_o a_o species_n of_o melancholy_n for_o the_o reason_n give_v for_o that_o decision_n be_v because_o the_o lord_n think_v no_o man_n will_v kill_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o distract_v and_o so_o it_o distraction_n can_v defend_v such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o against_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n it_o will_v defend_v all_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o so_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n but_o this_o must_v be_v interpret_v of_o some_o degree_n of_o madness_n for_o sure_o no_o man_n kill_v himself_o except_o he_o who_o be_v somewhat_o mad_a nor_o do_v hypochondric_n fit_n or_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o madness_n defend_v against_o this_o confiscation_n but_o a_o total_a aberration_n from_o reason_n can_v but_o defend_v which_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n bolton_n cap._n 11._o lib._n 1._o and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o must_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o various_a circumstance_n which_o attend_v such_o disease_n and_o from_o the_o declaration_n of_o physician_n who_o wait_v upon_o they_o whether_o one_o who_o be_v mad_a but_o have_v lucid_a interval_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o his_o madness_n or_o lucid_a interval_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o depend_v much_o upon_o circumstance_n but_o since_o none_o use_v to_o kill_v themselves_o except_o under_o some_o distemper_n so_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o humane_a to_o refer_v this_o kill_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hour_n of_o madness_n except_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o killer_n use_v even_o in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n to_o wish_v he_o be_v dead_a or_o to_o commend_v self-murder_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 289._o iii_o a_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a as_o self-murder_n if_o the_o killer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o effectuate_v it_o as_o if_o he_o hang_v himself_o but_o be_v immediate_o cut_v down_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n wound_v himself_o mortal_o though_o he_o live_v year_n and_o day_n thereafter_o his_o good_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n bolton_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o iv._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n thus_o if_o a_o man_n will_v starve_v himself_o to_o death_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n but_o the_o design_n must_v be_v clear_o prove_v since_o as_o many_o innocent_a people_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o have_v kill_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v fast_v either_o through_o pain_n or_o necessity_n v._o when_o a_o man_n kill_v himself_o his_o majesty_n gift_n his_o escheat_n and_o the_o donator_n pursue_v a_o general_a declarator_n thereupon_o wherein_o he_o call_v the_o near_a of_o kin_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v there_o that_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n he_o have_v get_v kill_v himself_o which_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o clear_a and_o convince_a evidence_n such_o as_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o a_o paper_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n wherein_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o discontent_n and_o why_o he_o kill_v himself_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o these_o case_n wherein_o they_o design_v thereby_o to_o justify_v to_o the_o world_n this_o horrid_a act_n but_o i_o think_v presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a here_o since_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v very_o strong_a and_o violent_a but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v confiscation_n for_o though_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v a_o crime_n to_o infer_v capital_a punishment_n yet_o they_o be_v ofttimes_o sustain_v to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n or_o other_o civil_a effect_n and_o if_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o this_o case_n self-murder_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v for_o the_o committer_n choose_v retire_v place_n and_o quiet_a time_n for_o execute_v their_o wicked_a design_n and_o who_o can_v say_v but_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v know_v to_o have_v express_v much_o despair_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o room_n and_o be_v find_v with_o the_o door_n close_v and_o hang_v in_o his_o own_o garter_n but_o that_o these_o presumption_n will_v infer_v confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n by_o our_o practice_n their_o declarator_n have_v be_v sustain_v before_o the_o lord_n upon_o probation_n of_o the_o self-murder_n lead_v before_o themselves_o without_o any_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o some_o think_v such_o a_o previous_a trial_n not_o necessary_a for_o all_o trial_n before_o they_o be_v by_o assizer_n and_o dead_a man_n can_v be_v try_v by_o a_o assize_n but_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o such_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o all_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v all_o try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n jurisdiction_n be_v here_o found_v ratione_fw-la incidentiae_fw-la and_o that_o many_o crime_n be_v try_v before_o they_o as_o fall_v incident_o in_o other_o civil_a case_n yet_o even_o in_o falsehood_n though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o deed_n itself_o yet_o no_o man_n escheat_n fall_v upon_o their_o decreet_a though_o he_o be_v find_v a_o falsary_a by_o they_o till_o he_o be_v also_o try_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o escheat_n fall_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o their_o sentence_n only_o nor_o have_v this_o exception_n be_v yet_o repel_v as_o to_o self-murder_n so_o that_o res_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la integrae_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v declare_v be_v yet_o alive_a so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v try_v before_o a_o assize_n for_o have_v endeavour_v to_o kill_v himself_o for_o some_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o prevent_v as_o have_v be_v say_v former_o and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o conceive_v that_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a title_n fourteen_o parricide_n 1_o to_o what_o degree_n reach_v parricide_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2_o to_o what_o degree_n by_o our_o law_n 3_o whether_o do_v the_o act_n 220._o ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o extend_v to_o descendants_n 4_o whether_o do_v that_o statute_n extend_v to_o bastard_n 5_o the_o punishment_n of_o parricide_n by_o that_o statute_n 6_o the_o 20._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o concern_v beat_n of_o parent_n explain_v 7_o how_o the_o murder_a of_o child_n be_v punish_v 8_o
account_v as_o distract_a person_n and_o if_o they_o be_v punishable_a for_o any_o crime_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v for_o such_o as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n vii_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a and_o too_o ordinary_a for_o woman_n who_o bear_v bastard_n to_o murder_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o obviate_v this_o the_o law_n presume_v so_o far_o a_o woman_n who_o have_v bear_v a_o bastard_n and_o have_v conceal_v she_o be_v with_o child_n to_o be_v guilty_a of_o parricide_n if_o the_o child_n be_v find_v dead_a that_o it_o punish_v she_o by_o some_o extraordinary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n except_o she_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v dead_a thus_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1595_o vid._n cod._a fab_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la parent_n occid_n def._n 11._o and_o with_o we_o lawson_n and_o ramsey_n be_v both_o scourge_v annis_fw-la 1661._o and_o 1662._o even_o though_o they_o be_v assoylzy_v from_o the_o murder_n but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v severe_a if_o the_o woman_n open_o acknowledge_v that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n though_o none_o be_v present_a when_o she_o bring_v it_o forth_o and_o in_o all_o such_o case_n woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n the_o take_a potion_n also_o to_o make_v one_o part_n with_o child_n abortum_fw-la procurans_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o species_n of_o parricide_n in_o my_o opinion_n since_o she_o thus_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v she_o own_o child_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n l._n cicero_n ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la and_o though_o the_o doctor_n distinguish_v here_o betwixt_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n after_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a or_o before_o it_o make_v it_o capital_a in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o yet_o they_o presume_v that_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a quod_fw-la fetus_fw-la erat_fw-la animatus_fw-la and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la delinquentis_fw-la and_o burden_v the_o delinquent_a to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a gomes_n the_o delict_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 32._o assert_n that_o this_o be_v presume_v not_o to_o infer_v death_n but_o ecclesiastic_a punishment_n and_o since_o to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a i_o incline_v to_o gomesius_n his_o opinion_n but_o yet_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n be_v quick_a be_v arbitrary_o punishable_a as_o be_v even_o the_o use_v mean_n to_o hâ—nder_a conception_n marsil_n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la mulierem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr sicar_n and_o in_o these_o case_n both_o the_o physician_n who_o administrat_n the_o cure_n and_o the_o woman_n who_o take_v be_v equal_o punishable_a marsil_n ibid._n viii_o so_o horrid_a be_v parricide_n that_o what_o will_v be_v but_o a_o degree_n of_o guilt_n in_o other_o crime_n make_v a_o complete_a crime_n here_o and_o thus_o a_o child_n endeavour_v to_o poison_v his_o father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 1._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o to_o kill_v parent_n by_o give_v they_o wound_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n in_o savoy_n c._n fab_n h._n t._n though_o the_o wound_a parent_n intercee_v to_o the_o contrair_a and_o the_o son_n who_o buy_v poison_n to_o poison_v his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v it_o carer_n §_o homicidium_fw-la num_fw-la 128._o for_o which_o crime_n suffer_v with_o the_o son_n the_o physician_n who_o furnish_v the_o drug_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 2._o basil_n h._n t._n and_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o son_n the_o money_n to_o buy_v they_o but_o regular_o these_o stranger_n be_v not_o capital_o punishable_a for_o such_o a_o accession_n except_o the_o crime_n take_v effect_n and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o nation_n though_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o the_o basilick_n they_o who_o be_v conscious_a or_o lend_v the_o money_n or_o be_v surety_n for_o money_n to_o be_v so_o bestow_v be_v guilty_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o he_o who_o command_v a_o son_n to_o kill_v his_o father_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o parricide_n caepol_n consil._n 36._o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a since_o to_o give_v poison_n to_o kill_v a_o father_n seem_v equal_a guilt_n to_o give_v a_o son_n command_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n as_o these_o circumstance_n heighten_v parricide_n so_o there_o be_v some_o which_o restrict_n the_o punishment_n as_o if_o the_o father_n shall_v find_v that_o his_o son_n have_v lyen_fw-we with_o his_o own_o mother-in-law_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o upon_o that_o account_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lawyer_n think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v only_o punish_v by_o banishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o that_o general_o for_o whatever_o crime_n or_o fault_n a_o father_n may_v exheredat_fw-la a_o son_n that_o the_o same_o fault_n will_v excuse_v the_o father_n from_o death_n if_o he_o kill_v his_o son_n l._n divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr paricid_n &_o cabal_n case_z 15._o some_o also_o think_v that_o a_o woman_n kill_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v banish_v and_o upon_o who_o head_n a_o fine_n be_v put_v be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n because_o her_o husband_n be_v nullus_fw-la injure_v and_o law_n allow_v all_o to_o kill_v such_o a_o person_n without_o any_o distinction_n betwixt_o wife_n or_o other_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n have_v conclude_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n since_o such_o sentence_n lose_v not_o the_o wife_n be_v natural_a obligation_n but_o he_o be_v still_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o law_n own_v so_o far_o the_o relation_n as_o not_o to_o punish_v she_o for_o omit_v to_o kill_v he_o or_o for_o cohabit_v with_o he_o cub_n consil_n 278._o a_o father_n kill_v his_o son_n by_o accident_n ought_v not_o to_o die_v and_o therefore_o much_o less_o he_o who_o kill_v he_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n this_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o be_v prescribe_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n fourteen_o incest_n sodomy_n bestiality_n 1._o what_o incest_n be_v and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o incest_n by_o our_o law_n 3._o sodomy_n how_o punish_v 4._o bestiality_n how_o punish_v incest_n be_v define_v by_o the_o civilian_n to_o be_v faeda_fw-la &_o nefaria_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o fâ—minae_fw-la commixtio_fw-la contra_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la sanguini_fw-la debitam_fw-la incest_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o country_n all_o copulation_n betwixt_o ascendant_n and_o descendant_n such_o as_o grandfather_n father_n mother_n son_n daughter_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o all_o acknowledge_a to_o be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o brother_n lie_v with_o the_o sister_n be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o roman_a catholic_n allege_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v dispense_v therewith_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o difference_n betwixt_o that_o incest_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n the_o second_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v that_o the_o pain_n of_o incest_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v death_n but_o when_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v only_a deportation_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o three_o difference_n be_v that_o incest_n commit_v only_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n be_v excuse_v in_o a_o woman_n in_o figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la but_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o but_o the_o man_n be_v inexcusable_a in_o either_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num._n 5._o the_o four_o difference_n be_v that_o if_o a_o marriage_n contract_v be_v rescind_v as_o incestuous_a all_o the_o committer_n good_n be_v confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o tocher_n and_o jointure_n be_v only_o confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v only_o commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n matheus_n ii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v the_o above-written_a distinction_n but_o it_o be_v universal_o statut._n act_n 14._o p._n 1._o i._o 6._o that_o whosoever_o pollute_v his_o body_n with_o such_o person_n in_o degree_n as_o god_n word_n do_v contain_v in_o the_o 18._o of_o leviticus_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n albeit_o by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n whosoever_o abuse_v his_o body_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o as_o actual_o copulat_v be_v only_o punishable_a by_o this_o act_n yet_o i_o think_v nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n as_o it_o be_v in_o
of_o these_o statute_n conversation_n shall_v be_v criminal_a even_o after_o prohibition_n except_o it_o be_v in_o suspect_v place_n 2._o the_o justice_n be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o notoriety_n of_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v if_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o it_o 3._o this_o act_n do_v not_o exclude_v capital_a punishment_n in_o other_o case_n of_o adultery_n but_o only_o ordain_v that_o these_o three_o degree_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o since_o there_o be_v other_o case_n more_o grievous_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o more_o scandalous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n shall_v likewise_o be_v extend_v to_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o commit_v frequent_a adultery_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pronounce_v against_o sir_n john_n stewart_n for_o three_o adultery_n 15._o august_n 1628._o as_o also_o isabel_n hamiltoun_n be_v pursue_v in_o july_n 1647._o for_o adultery_n and_o have_v enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n she_o have_v thereafter_o return_v be_v immediate_o without_o any_o other_o process_n by_o a_o order_n from_o the_o justice_n execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1649._o iu._n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o inflict_a death_n in_o other_o case_n upon_o ordinary_a adulterer_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n may_v not_o as_o well_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n inflict_v death_n without_o any_o express_a law_n here_o as_o they_o do_v in_o theft_n and_o other_o less_o crime_n and_o in_o effect_n adultery_n include_v theft_n as_o i_o say_v former_o and_o albeit_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o by_o the_o former_a act_n appoint_v death_n in_o the_o case_n abovecited_a the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v in_o other_o case_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v only_o a_o brocard_n and_o have_v only_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o presumption_n and_o therefore_o take_v only_a place_n in_o favourable_a case_n but_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o express_o ordain_v adulterer_n to_o die_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a 74._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n marry_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v but_o prejudice_n of_o all_o other_o act_n and_o law_n already_o make_v with_o all_o rigour_n but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o act_n make_v prior_n to_o that_o anent_o adultery_n whereby_o the_o punishment_n be_v limit_v and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v that_o that_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o punishment_n relate_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n at_o the_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o freedom_n to_o consider_v circumstance_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o if_o single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n these_o act_n have_v be_v needless_a to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v to_o necessitat_fw-la the_o magistrate_n always_o in_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o act_n to_o inflict_v death_n and_o not_o to_o empower_v they_o only_o to_o do_v so_o and_o see_v single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o english_a woman_n in_o december_n 1668._o sometime_o with_o scourge_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ridpath_n december_n 1642._o and_o sometime_o with_o fine_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o woman_n who_o commit_v adultery_n with_o george_n swintoun_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n warrant_v they_o to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n and_o whereupon_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v force_v to_o found_v his_o summons_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o which_o law_n they_o be_v sustain_v without_o cite_v any_o municipal_a law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o english_a woman_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o law_n inflict_v likewise_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a punishment_n of_o death_n be_v appoint_v in_o case_n of_o notour_n adultery_n yet_o the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n and_o so_o they_o ordain_v only_a ridpath_n a_o tinker_n though_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o double_a adultery_n in_o keep_v another_o tinker_n wife_n two_o year_n to_o be_v only_o scourge_v banish_v and_o burn_v on_o the_o cheek_n decemb._n 4._o 1662._o but_o the_o reason_n here_o be_v because_o tinker_n be_v in_o effect_n vile_a person_n who_o be_v seldom_o ever_o lawful_o marry_v and_o in_o such_o i_o find_v of_o old_a adultery_n be_v not_o punish_v by_o death_n as_o l._n 29._o c._n h._n t._n where_o adultery_n commit_v with_o a_o taverner_n be_v not_o punish_v severe_o quas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vilitas_fw-la dignas_fw-la legum_fw-la observatione_fw-la non_fw-la credidit_fw-la &_o erant_fw-la infra_fw-la legum_fw-la curam_fw-la and_o some_o respect_n be_v likewise_o have_v here_o to_o that_o absurd_a custom_n among_o tinker_n of_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o use_v one_o another_o wife_n as_o concubine_n the_o council_n sometime_o do_v likewise_o banish_v person_n for_o adultery_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v before_o a_o justice_n court_n even_o where_o notour_n adultery_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jeal_n there_o a_o english_a man_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o margaret_n hamiltoun_n who_o at_o her_o death_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v there_o have_v lyen_fw-we several_a year_n with_o she_o and_o that_o he_o have_v alienat_fw-la her_o affection_n from_o her_o husband_n which_o induce_v she_o though_o without_o his_o accession_n to_o kill_v her_o husband_n and_o that_o she_o have_v several_a child_n by_o he_o all_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o he_o deserve_v well_o to_o have_v die_v from_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o ordinary_a adultery_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o use_v to_o be_v inflict_v either_o by_o banishment_n whip_v fyne_a or_o imprisonment_n if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o banish_v for_o adultery_n and_o return_v again_o without_o leave_n here_o she_o may_v be_v execute_v and_o thus_o the_o justice_n find_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o griselda_n hamiltoun_n decemb._n 1649._o or_o if_o adultery_n be_v complicate_v with_o any_o other_o crime_n the_o guilt_n be_v thereby_o aggrage_v and_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v capital_o punish_v thus_o margaret_n thomson_n be_v execute_v for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o minister_n and_o for_o falsify_v a_o testimonial_a to_o the_o end_n she_o may_v get_v her_o child_n baptise_a may_v 28._o 1646._o v._o since_o adultery_n be_v only_o commit_v betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o the_o libel_n in_o adultery_n bear_v that_o such_o person_n be_v marry_v and_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n commit_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o this_o crime_n be_v they_o seldom_o ever_o lead_v witness_n for_o prove_v the_o marriage_n without_o which_o be_v prove_v or_o be_v notour_n to_o the_o assize_n they_o shall_v not_o file_v the_o panel_n though_o copulation_n be_v prove_v but_o though_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o just_a but_o only_o a_o suppose_a marriage_n or_o matrimonium_fw-la putativum_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o yet_o the_o violation_n even_o of_o that_o marriage_n will_v infer_v adultery_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n not_o know_v the_o relation_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n de_fw-fr fendant_n though_o there_o be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o lawful_a marriage_n yet_o if_o either_o of_o these_o party_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v lie_v with_o any_o other_o they_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n cravet_fw-la consilio_fw-la 205._o num_fw-la 36._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o committer_n do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o crime_n nam_fw-la proposita_fw-la maleficia_fw-la distinguant_fw-la and_o from_o this_o i_o be_o much_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v adultery_n if_o the_o adulterer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o accomplish_v the_o say_a design_n make_v the_o committer_n guilty_a of_o adultery_n if_o that_o design_n be_v bring_v the_o length_n of_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o though_o in_o that_o case_n i_o think_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o remit_v &_o haec_fw-la attentatio_fw-la est_fw-la
punienda_fw-la paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la judicis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la tiraquell_a de_fw-fr panis_fw-la cas._n 39_o &_o 40._o he_o who_o allow_v his_o house_n to_o the_o adulterer_n for_o perpetrate_v their_o crime_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n and_o he_o who_o give_v they_o the_o use_n of_o his_o house_n for_o consult_v about_o the_o commit_n of_o it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o commit_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 11._o h._n t._n he_o who_o retain_v his_o wife_n after_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o le_fw-fr we_o go_v the_o adulterer_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o pimp_n l._n 30._o ibid._n but_o this_o be_v not_o in_o observance_n with_o we_o except_o the_o husband_n take_v money_n to_o conceal_v the_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o that_o law_n do_v well_o determine_v that_o he_o who_o remit_v the_o injury_n for_o money_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n but_o not_o he_o who_o remit_v it_o free_o vi_o he_o who_o give_v warrant_n and_o order_n or_o hire_v other_o to_o commit_v adultery_n be_v guilty_a and_o deserve_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o adulterer_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o lawyer_n and_o in_o effect_n he_o be_v more_o guilty_a see_v he_o want_v the_o natural_a tentation_n of_o the_o adulterer_n and_o commit_v the_o crime_n in_o effect_n out_o of_o mere_a malice_n and_o in_o contempt_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o the_o husband_n hound_v out_o or_o hire_v other_o to_o commit_v adultery_n can_v pursue_v his_o wife_n for_o that_o adultery_n which_o he_o occasion_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v allege_v against_o rocheid_n that_o he_o can_v not_o pursue_v elizabeth_n muir_n his_o wife_n because_o in_o effect_n he_o have_v hire_v other_o to_o lie_v with_o she_o and_o so_o be_v leno_fw-la it_o be_v answer_v 1._o lenocinium_fw-la be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n ubi_fw-la maritus_fw-la quaestum_fw-la facit_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la uxoris_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o keep_v a_o bordel_n or_o prostitute_n she_o for_o money_n 2._o this_o exception_n can_v only_o exclude_v the_o husband_n from_o pursue_v a_o civil_a suit_n of_o divorce_n but_o not_o from_o pursue_v a_o criminal_a suit_n for_o adultery_n 3._o though_o it_o exclude_v the_o husband_n from_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o can_v only_o exclude_v he_o from_o such_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n as_o be_v intent_a upon_o these_o act_n of_o adultery_n to_o which_o she_o be_v tempt_v or_o which_o she_o commit_v with_o her_o husband_n consent_n but_o not_o from_o pursue_v she_o upon_o such_o act_n as_o she_o have_v commit_v former_o without_o her_o husband_n knowledge_n 4._o the_o advocate_n concur_v in_o this_o case_n who_o nor_o the_o public_a interest_n can_v not_o be_v prejudge_v by_o any_o connivance_n or_o crime_n of_o the_o husband_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v but_o to_o examine_v this_o interlocutor_fw-la it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o four_o reply_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a for_o certain_o the_o advocate_n may_v have_v concur_v without_o the_o husband_n the_o lybel_n be_v conceive_v in_o the_o advocat_n name_n as_o well_o as_o the_o husband_n but_o not_o other_o way_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o reply_n i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la for_o it_o be_v most_o unjust_a that_o the_o husband_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o pursue_v that_o as_o a_o injury_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v occasion_v nor_o shall_v he_o be_v allow_v to_o call_v that_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o his_o wife_n the_o like_a whereof_o he_o himself_o have_v solicit_v with_o money_n and_o see_v in_o law_n that_o husband_n who_o consent_v to_o his_o wife_n adultery_n be_v call_v leno_fw-la or_o pimp_n much_o more_o shall_v he_o be_v repute_n guilty_a of_o be_v a_o pimp_n or_o bawd_n who_o invite_v and_o hire_v other_o to_o lie_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o certain_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a crime_n to_o hire_v other_o to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n then_o to_o lie_v with_o she_o himself_o because_o there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a temptation_n in_o the_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o so_o certain_o there_o be_v more_o of_o crime_n and_o malice_n in_o give_v money_n then_o in_o take_v money_n in_o this_o case_n since_o money_n may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o poverty_n whereas_o it_o never_o can_v be_v give_v without_o malice_n lawyer_n relate_v the_o case_n of_o a_o french_a man_n who_o to_o prove_v adultery_n against_o his_o wife_n do_v geld_v himself_o and_o do_v let_v witness_n see_v he_o be_v geld_v whereupon_o his_o wife_n be_v with_o child_n 15._o month_n thereafter_o be_v pursue_v by_o he_o for_o adultery_n but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o unlawful_a mean_n of_o probation_n i_o will_v not_o have_v allow_v it_o if_o the_o pursuit_n have_v be_v at_o the_o husband_n instance_n and_o though_o it_o have_v be_v at_o the_o fisk_n instance_n yet_o since_o the_o woman_n be_v so_o much_o tempt_v i_o will_v only_o have_v punish_v she_o moderate_o vii_o adultery_n be_v ordinary_o commit_v so_o private_o and_o so_o removed_o from_o all_o witness_n that_o the_o law_n allow_v it_o to_o be_v prove_v by_o strong_a and_o violent_a presumption_n as_o the_o be_v in_o bed_n together_o alone_o and_o be_v naked_a farin_n quest_n 136._o cap._n 1._o and_o the_o ordinary_a presumption_n probative_a in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o be_v oft_o alone_o together_o gifts_z love-letter_n close_o door_n the_o wife_n be_v abroad_o all_o night_n nudus_fw-la cum_fw-la nuda_fw-la &_o solus_fw-la cum_fw-la sola_fw-la the_o entertain_v person_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v pimp_n cohabitation_n all_o which_o be_v presumption_n which_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civilian_n may_v infer_v torture_n though_o it_o be_v not_o use_v with_o we_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a for_o assize_n to_o file_v panel_n upon_o those_o presumption_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o other_o probation_n and_o in_o george_n swintoun_v case_n a_o woman_n be_v there_o file_v of_o adultery_n though_o nothing_o be_v prove_v but_o that_o the_o pairty_n be_v alone_o and_o that_o the_o witness_n hear_v they_o in_o bed_n together_o and_o the_o bed_n shake_v and_o in_o the_o case_n likewise_o of_o elizabeth_n muir_n it_o may_v be_v see_v that_o she_o be_v condemn_v upon_o pregnant_a presumption_n without_o a_o formal_a probation_n albeit_o woman_n can_v be_v admit_v witness_n yet_o they_o be_v receive_v in_o adultery_n as_o in_o the_o foresay_a process_n against_o elizabeth_n muir_n anno_fw-la 1668._o and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n after_o solemn_a debate_n find_v that_o two_o witness_n see_v successive_o the_o crime_n commit_v though_o they_o do_v not_o see_v it_o at_o one_o time_n yet_o they_o be_v sufficient_a witness_n to_o infer_v the_o crime_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v they_o can_v not_o be_v call_v contest_v feb._n 1666._o lady_n miltoun_n against_o the_o laird_n adultery_n may_v be_v pursue_v either_o civil_o to_o obtain_v a_o divorce_n or_o criminal_o and_o when_o it_o be_v pursue_v criminal_o the_o pursuit_n tend_v either_o to_o a_o capital_a punishment_n or_o a_o extraordinar_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o these_o conclusion_n require_v different_a probation_n for_o in_o civil_a pursuit_n lawyer_n do_v allow_v and_o the_o commissary_n have_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a case_n of_o the_o lady_n miltouns_o that_o witness_n depon_v that_o they_o see_v the_o person_n lie_v together_o naked_a in_o a_o bed_n and_o that_o one_o witness_v depon_v upon_o a_o act_n at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o upon_o another_o act_n commit_v at_o another_o time_n do_v prove_v sufficient_o which_o as_o some_o think_v will_v hardly_o have_v be_v sufficient_a in_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n see_v in_o effect_n these_o witness_n be_v but_o single_a witness_n and_o their_o sense_n do_v not_o here_o agree_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o object_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o witness_n be_v believe_v viii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v here_o whether_o a_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n before_o the_o commissary_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v adultery_n in_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n as_o a_o decreet_a of_o improbation_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v falsehood_n and_o for_o clear_v of_o this_o question_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o see_v the_o probation_n of_o single_a adultery_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v a_o divorce_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o production_n of_o that_o decreet_a can_v prove_v notour_n adultery_n and_o this_o be_v likewise_o find_v last_o july_n anno_fw-la 1598._o in_o a_o action_n pursue_v by_o the_o king_n advocate_n against_o alexander_n hay_n of_o dalgety_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n for_o
that_o verdict_n see_v as_o be_v very_o well_o urge_v there_o many_o probation_n will_v infer_v single_a adultery_n or_o a_o divorce_n which_o will_v not_o infer_v notour_fw-fr adultery_n and_o capital_a punishment_n but_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o decreet_a of_o the_o commissary_n shall_v not_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o ordinar_n adultery_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n see_v no_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o one_o case_n which_o can_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o causa_fw-la civilis_fw-la &_o criminalis_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la arbitrariam_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la probationem_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o probation_n in_o criminal_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o the_o assize_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v 1._o the_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v approbation_n 2._o this_o may_v be_v likeways_o object_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v there_o admit_v but_o betwixt_o these_o two_o decreet_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v punish_v falsehood_n themselves_o and_o so_o their_o decreet_a shall_v be_v a_o full_a probation_n because_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a even_o to_o the_o criminal_a part_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o commissary_n who_o can_v inflict_v no_o criminal_a punishment_n at_o all_o for_o adultery_n ix_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v excuse_v a_o man_n from_o adultery_n who_o apprehend_v upon_o just_a reason_n that_o his_o wife_n be_v dead_a matryed_z another_o or_o the_o wife_n who_o marry_v a_o second_o husband_n l._n 11._o §_o 12._o ff_n h._n t._n mulier_fw-la cum_fw-la audisset_fw-la absentem_fw-la virum_fw-la defunctum_fw-la esse_fw-la alii_fw-la se_fw-la junxit_fw-la &_o faâ—sis_fw-la rumoribus_fw-la inducta_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la verisimile_fw-la est_fw-la deceptam_fw-la eam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nihil_fw-la vindicte_fw-la dignum_fw-la videri_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o l._n pen._n dicit_fw-la adulterium_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la non_fw-la committi_fw-la upon_o which_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n novemb_n 7._o 1673._o for_o john_n frazer_n be_v indict_v for_o notour_n adultery_n with_o helen_n guthrie_n allege_v that_o he_o can_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o a_o adulterer_n because_o he_o have_v marry_v this_o helen_n lawful_o after_o he_o have_v get_v testificat_o upon_o oath_n to_o prove_v that_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v dead_a in_o virginia_n whereupon_o he_o get_v a_o warrant_n from_o the_o presbytery_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o marry_v and_o be_v according_o proclaim_v and_o marry_v and_o if_o a_o false_a rumour_n be_v sufficient_a to_o clear_v from_o adultery_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o adultery_n without_o dole_n and_o a_o fraudulent_a design_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o former_a law_n and_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr delict_n car_fw-fr quest_n 140._o he_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n who_o have_v marry_v authore_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la who_o be_v judge_n competent_a and_o who_o be_v induce_v thereto_o not_o only_o by_o report_n but_o by_o testificat_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o he_o be_v a_o adulterer_n who_o lie_v with_o another_o woman_n whilst_o his_o wife_n live_v and_o as_o rumour_n can_v dissolve_v marriage_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o defend_v against_o adultery_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o every_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a of_o his_o wife_n to_o raise_v rumour_n concern_v her_o death_n and_o thereby_o authorise_v himself_o in_o marry_v another_o 2._o though_o rumour_n be_v sufficient_a they_o behove_v to_o be_v rumour_n constant_o and_o common_o report_v but_o here_o be_v only_o one_o testificar_n and_o this_o testificat_fw-la can_v be_v no_o warrant_n since_o it_o be_v but_o a_o single_a testimony_n nor_o do_v it_o bear_v that_o the_o say_v margarat_n hait_o who_o die_v there_o be_v know_v to_o he_o to_o be_v spouse_n to_o john_n frazer_n but_o only_o in_o general_n that_o one_o margaret_n hait_o die_v there_o and_o there_o may_v have_v be_v more_o of_o that_o name_n 3._o though_o rumour_n may_v excuse_v yet_o that_o can_v only_o be_v after_o a_o long_a absence_n &_o longo_fw-la tempore_fw-la transacto_fw-la as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n cite_v by_o the_o panel_n whereas_o here_o she_o be_v only_o absent_a three_o year_n and_o the_o ignorance_n behove_v to_o be_v invincible_a whereas_o here_o it_o be_v only_o ignorantia_fw-la affectata_fw-la for_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o stay_v within_o twelve_o mile_n of_o the_o panel_n father_n house_n and_o be_v know_v by_o all_o the_o country_n to_o live_v there_o and_o though_o her_o mother_n and_o relation_n live_v at_o edinburgh_n in_o one_o town_n with_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o never_o ask_v at_o her_o mother_n if_o she_o be_v dead_a 4._o a_o man_n who_o wife_n divert_v from_o he_o aught_o to_o summon_v she_o to_o adher_n and_o so_o procure_v a_o divorce_n by_o the_o commissary_n and_o though_o rumour_n and_o praesumption_n can_v infer_v a_o full_a probation_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o what_o be_v lead_v and_o prove_v before_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a and_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o presbytery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a since_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n and_o this_o be_v procure_v periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la no_o person_n be_v cite_v upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n repel_v the_o defence_n and_o the_o say_v john_n frazer_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n be_v find_v guilty_a but_o do_v thereafter_o procure_v a_o remission_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v clear_v that_o bigamy_n may_v be_v also_o pursue_v as_o notour_n adultery_n but_o the_o woman_n who_o know_v not_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o punish_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 85._o hoc_fw-la tit_n x._o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v likewise_o whether_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a for_o notour_n adultery_n and_o not_o for_o single_a adultery_n &_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v lead_v be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v single_a adultery_n though_o not_o notour_n adultery_n if_o the_o assize_n shall_v file_v or_o not_o for_o the_o negative_a it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o single_a and_o notour_n adultery_n be_v different_a crime_n and_o the_o libel_n be_v different_a and_o the_o libel_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o prove_v and_o therefore_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o file_v and_o if_o they_o do_v their_o sentence_n be_v null_a even_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n where_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v reduce_v because_o theft_n be_v libel_v and_o recept_n of_o theft_n only_o prove_v as_o also_o in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v of_o his_o defence_n because_o he_o will_v have_v propound_v defence_n against_o single_a adultery_n if_o it_o have_v be_v libel_v which_o will_v either_o not_o have_v be_v relevant_a against_o notour_n adultery_n or_o else_o he_o think_v himself_o in_o tuto_fw-la not_o to_o propone_v they_o because_o he_o think_v himself_o secure_a know_v that_o the_o notour_n adultery_n libel_v can_v never_o be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o ordinar_n conclusion_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o si_fw-mi in_o libello_fw-la qualificato_fw-la omnes_fw-la qualitates_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la probaâ—ae_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la absolvendus_fw-la and_o albeit_o for_o evit_v this_o difficulty_n the_o conclusion_n in_o their_o libel_n use_v to_o be_v alternative_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o defender_n shall_v be_v absolve_v he_o take_v instrument_n upon_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v libel_v except_o the_o quality_n be_v express_o prove_v though_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o allow_v the_o party_n to_o declare_v that_o they_o insist_v alternative_o as_o say_v be_v by_o our_o law_n such_o as_o be_v divorce_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n commit_v by_o themselves_o can_v thereafter_o marry_v the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n to_o have_v commit_v adultery_n and_o all_o such_o marriage_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o the_o act._n 22._o p._n 16._o i._o 6._o which_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o our_o law_n not_o only_o as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o adultery_n already_o commit_v by_o lessen_v and_o narrow_n their_o choice_n but_o likewise_o as_o a_o mean_a to_o hinder_v any_o from_o commit_v adultery_n in_o expectation_n as_o be_v too_o ordinary_a of_o enjoy_v in_o a_o future_a marriage_n the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v it_o and_o upon_o which_o expectation_n the_o adulterer_n may_v be_v probable_o tempt_v to_o kill_v the_o lawful_a husband_n or_o wife_n of_o that_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v the_o same_o in_o which_o our_o law_n agree_v with_o the_o cannon_n
its_o own_o nature_n punishable_a by_o death_n 3._o by_o the_o 82._o act_n i._o 6._o p._n 11._o stealer_n of_o pleugh_n graith_n or_o breaker_n of_o miâ—nes_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v therefore_o to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n but_o because_o our_o practic_n be_v in_o this_o a_o little_a arbitrary_a and_o uncertain_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o theft_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o pursue_v by_o accusation_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a accuser_n or_o by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a by_o way_n of_o accusation_n it_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n or_o as_o our_o charter_n call_v foffa_o &_o furca_fw-la or_o by_o sheriff_n but_o if_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o num._n 7._o but_o this_o distinction_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v for_o the_o sheriff_n do_v proceed_v to_o judge_v theft_n even_o by_o citation_n &_o though_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v with_o with_o the_o fang_n which_o be_v certain_o a_o error_n for_o all_o process_n upon_o citation_n against_o a_o thief_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n viii_o in_o the_o procedor_fw-la before_o these_o inferior_a court_n they_o do_v not_o condemn_v to_o death_n except_o upon_o three_o theft_n or_o that_o the_o person_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o famosus_fw-la fur_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o only_o stat_fw-la da._n 2._o cap._n 17._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v defame_v at_o three_o baron_n court_n and_o want_v a_o pledge_n or_o cautioner_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v or_o if_o he_o be_v defame_v and_o cite_v in_o two_o court_n or_o in_o one_o and_o be_v of_o ill_a fame_n likewise_o or_o as_o we_o say_v there_o be_v public_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v but_o simple_a fame_n be_v say_v there_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n except_o that_o ill_a fame_n be_v find_v by_o a_o assize_n upon_o oath_n yet_o this_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o fame_n be_v in_o no_o case_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n relate_v that_o the_o three_o theâ—t_n by_o the_o statutory_a law_n of_o most_o place_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o who_o be_v oft_o find_v commit_v the_o same_o crime_n be_v presume_v by_o the_o law_n to_o design_n to_o make_v it_o a_o trade_n ang._n ad_fw-la l._n 8._o devi_fw-la publica_fw-la where_o the_o commit_n of_o theft_n twice_o infer_v this_o presumption_n the_o law_n of_o holland_n provide_v that_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n except_o it_o seem_v otherways_o just_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o of_o his_o age_n or_o any_o other_o pregnant_a reason_n and_o ordinary_o three_o small_a theft_n be_v by_o matheus_n say_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v such_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n as_o deserve_v death_n the_o civilian_n do_v upon_o supposition_n that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v capital_a conclude_v that_o these_o three_o theft_n shall_v be_v distinct_a even_o as_o to_o to_o the_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o the_o three_o theft_n though_o he_o have_v be_v former_o punish_v for_o both_o the_o other_o two_o or_o though_o the_o former_a two_o have_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o albeit_o they_o use_v many_o distinction_n for_o clear_v whether_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n where_o the_o first_o two_o be_v not_o commit_v within_o his_o territory_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o he_o yet_o since_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o statute_n against_o the_o three_o theft_n but_o that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a with_o death_n because_o the_o committer_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v irreclaimable_a therefore_o i_o think_v that_o where_o ever_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v yet_o for_o the_o three_o theft_n the_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n for_o that_o with_o we_o yet_o see_v gomesius_n chasaneus_n and_o other_o famous_a lawyer_n attest_v this_o to_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o world_n i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v follow_v by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o number_n have_v some_o certain_a rule_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o limit_v and_o warrand_v which_o be_v much_o safe_a than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v scop_n to_o break_v out_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o either_o cruelty_n or_o cowardliness_n the_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v theft_n or_o larcenry_n into_o petty_a larcenry_n when_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v not_o twelve_o penny_n and_o its_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o death_n and_o grand_a larcenry_n when_o it_o exceed_v twelve_o penny_n wherein_o the_o thief_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o book_n and_o if_o one_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o six_o penny_n at_o one_o time_n and_o six_o penny_n at_o another_o time_n than_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o if_o two_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eighten_v penny_n joint_o each_o be_v guilty_a common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n of_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thief_n be_v likewise_o a_o good_a ground_n of_o make_v theft_n puishable_a by_o death_n the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n &_o high_a fures_fw-la famosi_fw-la sive_fw-la infamati_fw-la de_fw-la pluribus_fw-la furtis_fw-la be_v ordinary_o hang_v likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o clarus_n num._n 8._o hoc_fw-la tit_n menoch_n arbitrariis_fw-la casu_fw-la 295._o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o witness_n depon_n of_o their_o credulity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v inform_v by_o other_o our_o law_n call_v such_o de_fw-fr famiati_fw-la de_fw-fr latrocinio_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v caution_n the_o old_a law_n appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prove_v thief_n for_o latro_fw-la defamatus_fw-la &_o latro_fw-la probatus_fw-la be_v still_o aequipollent_a in_o our_o law_n but_o i_o think_v these_o law_n too_o severe_a and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n ix_o as_o to_o the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v because_o their_o power_n be_v more_o eminent_a that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v more_o arbitrary_a but_o i_o think_v the_o distinction_n allow_v by_o civilian_n will_v be_v very_o reasonable_a which_o be_v that_o in_o furto_fw-la simplici_fw-la in_o simple_a theft_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v never_o be_v impose_v but_o in_o qualify_a theft_n if_o the_o quality_n be_v such_o as_o agredge_v the_o crime_n very_o much_o which_o aggravation_n be_v either_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v steal_v as_o in_o our_o statute_n the_o stealer_n of_o pleugh-graith_a cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o pleugh_n and_o pleugh-graith_a in_o the_o time_n of_o tell_v and_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o grow_a tree_n or_o breaker_n of_o milnes_n or_o of_o lead_v coâ—ns_n or_o fuel_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n 82._o act._n 11._o p._n i._n 6_o and_o hocheâ—s_n and_o killer_n of_o ox_n horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n as_o well_o committer_n as_o recepter_n act._n 110._o p._n ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o this_o act_n be_v hang_v for_o kill_v drumlanerk_n sheep_n 20._o feb._n 1666._o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o labour_a cattle_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v a_o case_n wherein_o theft_n may_v be_v commit_v without_o carry_v any_o thing_n away_o for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o wrong_n without_o carry_v away_o the_o thing_n wrong_v be_v constant_o declare_v to_o be_v theft_n &_o per_fw-la constitutionem_fw-la frederici_fw-la secundi_fw-la de_fw-la stat_fw-la §_o agricultores_fw-la the_o steal_a pleugh_n graith_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o particular_a crime_n x._o herdship_n likewise_o which_o be_v the_o driving_z away_o a_o great_a many_o cattle_n call_v by_o the_o civilian_n crimen_fw-la abigeatus_fw-la be_v likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o particular_o by_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n but_o though_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la dig_v de_fw-fr abigeat_fw-la say_v that_o abigei_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la dentur_fw-la yet_o matheus_n do_v interpret_v that_o not_o to_o be_v mean_v de_fw-fr ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la but_o only_o de_fw-fr ludo_fw-la gladiatorio_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v l
they_o be_v tie_v to_o strict_a law_n but_o they_o think_v that_o the_o council_n may_v allow_v some_o mitigation_n iii_o another_o species_n of_o usury_n by_o our_o law_n be_v to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o retain_v a_o year_n annualrent_a when_o the_o money_n be_v first_o lend_v and_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v usury_n by_o the_o 222._o act_n parl._n 14._o k._n ja._n 6._o and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 28._o act._n parl._n 23._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o last_n it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v detain_v the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o shall_v edict_n crave_v or_o receive_v from_o the_o debtor_n annualrent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n or_o add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o principal_a sum_n or_o whosoever_o shall_v exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_a shall_v commit_v usury_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o principal_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o puniebantur_fw-la qui_fw-la plus_fw-la petebant_fw-la &_o plus_fw-la tempore_fw-la petere_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la qui_fw-la petebas_fw-la ante_fw-la tempus_fw-la debito_fw-la constitutum_fw-la upon_o these_o last_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n forbid_v the_o exact_v or_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n there_o be_v a_o dittay_n found_v against_o purdie_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o for_o take_v ten_o pound_n scot_n as_o the_o annualrent_n of_o fifty_o mark_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o july_n whereas_o no_o annualrent_n be_v due_a till_o martimas_n that_o year_n against_o which_o dittay_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o this_o species_n of_o the_o dittay_n be_v mere_o statutory_a and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v either_o beyond_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n to_o salve_v which_o it_o be_v infer_v or_o beyond_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o liege_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o pay_v interest_n before_o hand_n but_o that_o they_o may_v voluntary_o pay_v their_o annualrent_n without_o any_o danger_n to_o the_o receiver_n which_o may_v sometime_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o payer_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n who_o be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n at_o martimas_n may_v be_v for_o his_o own_o advantage_n desirous_a that_o his_o creditor_n may_v receive_v his_o annualrent_n in_o september_n because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o pay_v they_o at_o martimas_n and_o may_v be_v either_o at_o expense_n or_o in_o hazard_n to_o send_v they_o and_o therefore_o see_v the_o receiver_n here_o have_v raise_v no_o charge_n of_o horning_n nor_o use_v no_o other_o diligence_n for_o compel_v the_o debtor_n to_o pay_v the_o annualrent_n his_o voluntar_n offer_v of_o they_o shall_v not_o prejudge_v the_o receiver_n especial_o see_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o evit_v of_o oppression_n in_o exact_v money_n before_o the_o term_n be_v that_o against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o guard_v 2._o though_o by_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exact_v crave_v or_o receive_v annualrent_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lend_n be_v express_o forbid_v yet_o when_o the_o crave_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n found_v upon_o in_o this_o dittay_n the_o act_n speak_v only_o thereof_o crave_v or_o exact_v but_o do_v not_o forbid_v simple_o receive_v 3._o consuetudo_fw-la etiam_fw-la mala_fw-la &_o injusta_fw-la excusat_fw-la usurarium_fw-la à _fw-la pena_fw-la bar._n in_fw-la lege_fw-la siquis_fw-la fugitivus_fw-la ff_n edil_n edict_n socinus_n consilio_fw-la 170._o and_o it_o be_v very_a notour_n that_o in_o this_o caise_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n then_o for_o honest_a and_o just_a man_n in_o scotland_n to_o take_v annualrent_a before_o the_o term_n from_o willing_a debtor_n either_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n or_o to_o gratify_v their_o debtor_n upon_o occasion_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unjust_a that_o the_o panel_n who_o be_v a_o poor_a merchant_n shall_v ensnare_v himself_o in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la think_v himself_o warrant_v in_o what_o he_o do_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o most_o intelligent_a person_n therein_o 4._o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n nor_o shall_v severe_a and_o statutory_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o error_n where_o no_o person_n be_v any_o way_n considerable_o prejudge_v and_o in_o which_o it_o can_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v any_o guilt_n see_v the_o advantage_n be_v so_o small_a for_o the_o only_a share_n the_o panel_n reap_v of_o this_o be_v the_o annualrent_a of_o ten_o pound_n from_o july_n to_o martimas_n which_o can_v not_o exceed_v three_o shilling_n scot_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v a_o honest_a sincere_a merchant_n who_o be_v otherwise_o intigerrimae_fw-la famae_fw-la guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o movable_n and_o infamy_n which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n who_o be_v not_o as_o the_o justice_n tie_v to_o strict_a law_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o dittay_v relevant_a as_o found_v upon_o the_o above-written_a clause_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n but_o the_o ground_n above_o relate_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o council_n they_o rescind_v the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o justice_n do_v again_o condemn_v hugh_n roxburgh_n 28._o of_o november_n 1668._o upon_o the_o same_o act_n and_o like_o dittay_n but_o that_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v likewise_o stop_v by_o the_o council_n iv._o the_o three_o species_n of_o statutory_a usury_n with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n colour_n their_o fraud_n by_o take_v not_o more_o anualrent_a direct_o then_o that_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o lew_n but_o take_v wodset_n of_o land_n from_o the_o borrower_n for_o more_o than_o their_o annualrent_n can_v extend_v to_o and_o set_v back-tack_n to_o they_o for_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v upon_o to_o prevent_v which_o and_o all_o such_o usury_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o law_n usura_fw-la velata_fw-la it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o 247._o act_n parl._n 15._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o whoever_o receive_v such_o wodset_n or_o enter_v into_o any_o such_o bargain_n for_o which_o more_o be_v take_v either_o in_o money_n or_o by_o any_o other_o transaction_n whereby_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v may_v be_v reduce_v in_o money_n to_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n annualrent_n upon_o whatsoever_o colour_n or_o pretext_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o usury_n and_o by_o the_o 62._o act_n par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o shall_v be_v usury_n to_o receive_v proper_a wodset_n of_o land_n and_o other_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o bear_v by_o express_a provision_n that_o the_o lender_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o hazard_n of_o the_o fruit_n tenant_n war_n or_o trouble_v for_o clear_v of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o wodset_n with_o we_o be_v either_o proper_a or_o improper_a proper_a be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n run_v all_o hazard_n of_o the_o land_n wodset_v to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o more_o annualrent_a for_o his_o money_n than_o what_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n remain_v after_o all_o hazard_n improper_a wodset_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v only_o countable_a for_o what_o rent_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o lender_n nor_o be_v he_o liable_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o bankrupt-tennent_n warrant_v pestilence_n which_o distinction_n found_v upon_o these_o hazard_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o the_o common_a law_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o certain_a gain_n he_o who_o get_v for_o his_o money_n but_o a_o hazard_n of_o gain_n commit_v not_o usury_n for_o that_o be_v emptio_fw-la jactus_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o if_o i_o shall_v lend_v money_n and_o get_v for_o my_o security_n the_o hazard_n of_o what_o rent_n can_v be_v collect_v from_o a_o load_n of_o timber_n come_v from_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n the_o law_n allow_v fenus_fw-la nauticus_fw-la to_o be_v much_o great_a than_o all_o other_o see_v the_o lender_n run_v the_o risk_a therein_o of_o all_o sea_n hazard_n but_o if_o the_o hazard_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o may_v compense_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o annualrent_a take_v beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o excuse_v not_o from_o usury_n as_o if_o a_o wodset_n be_v grant_v of_o a_o miln_n or_o salmond_n fish_v if_o the_o say_a rent_n do_v ordinary_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_n by_o any_o considerable_a excess_n
sum_n and_o so_o be_v no_o more_o debtor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n cease_v and_o as_o to_o the_o foresay_a seven_o act_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o make_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o debtor_n absolute_o but_o to_o correct_v the_o 257._o act_n 15._o p._n k._n i._n 6._o whereby_o the_o oath_n of_o party_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v receivable_a as_o decisive_a of_o the_o cause_n as_o to_o other_o witness_n our_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o paction_n in_o usury_n be_v either_o extrinsic_a to_o the_o bond_n or_o write_v as_o be_v the_o take_a bud_n or_o bribe_v for_o continue_v a_o sum_n and_o these_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o witness_n albeit_o by_o the_o foresay_a 7._o act._n it_o be_v say_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n insert_v but_o paction_n which_o concern_v the_o writ_n itself_o as_o that_o whereby_o more_o be_v promise_v then_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bond_n these_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o by_o the_o witness_n insert_v for_o else_o write_v may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n as_o to_o oath_n of_o party_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a act_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n by_o which_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la and_o the_o justice_n according_o do_v force_v the_o panel_n to_o swear_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n above_o cite_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o civil_a and_o not_o criminal_a case_n for_o that_o act_n say_v that_o litiscontestation_n be_v make_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o receive_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o litiscontestation_n in_o criminal_n go_v this_o act_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o these_o case_n vii_o usury_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o the_o proper_a product_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pecuniae_fw-la but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v punish_v and_o most_o lawyer_n think_v it_o may_v be_v punish_v criminal_o decius_n consil._n 130._o and_o it_o be_v call_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la because_o it_o be_v punishable_a civil_o and_o ecclesiastical_o the_o pain_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o his_o obligation_n or_o have_v back_o his_o pledge_n or_o if_o the_o debtor_n conceal_v than_o the_o revealer_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o sum_n act_n 222._o k._n i._n 6._o par._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o 248_o act_n p._n 15._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o usurary_n bond_n or_o contract_n shall_v be_v reduce_v and_o be_v reduce_v the_o sum_n shall_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o donator_n and_o the_o party_n to_o have_v repetition_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n pay_v by_o he_o in_o case_n only_o he_o concur_v with_o the_o donator_n in_o the_o reduction_n title_n xxv_o the_o dribe_v partiality_n and_o negligence_n of_o judge_n 1._o what_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o what_o by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o our_o law_n punish_v it_o 3._o crimen_fw-la repecundarum_fw-la &_o barratriae_fw-la 4._o whether_o arbiter_n deligat_n or_o assessor_n be_v punishable_a for_o take_v bribe_n 5._o how_o negligent_a judge_n be_v punishable_a it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v good_a law_n if_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o be_v not_o commit_v to_o just_a and_o diligent_a person_n as_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v a_o exact_a balance_n if_o that_o balance_n be_v not_o put_v in_o a_o good_a hand_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o law_n have_v be_v very_o liberal_a of_o its_o privilege_n to_o just_a judge_n and_o severe_a in_o punish_v such_o as_o offend_v they_o so_o it_o have_v punish_v with_o the_o same_o rigour_n such_o judge_n as_o transgress_v either_o by_o bribe_v negligence_n or_o partiality_n which_o be_v three_o distinct_a species_n forbid_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o we_o i._o bribe_v be_v the_o take_n of_o money_n or_o other_o good_a deed_n either_o for_o do_v of_o justice_n or_o commit_v of_o unjustice_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o lawyer_n who_o think_v that_o a_o judge_n take_v money_n in_o a_o civil_a cause_n to_o do_v justice_n do_v not_o thereby_o commit_v a_o crime_n but_o be_v only_o liable_a to_o restitution_n menoch_n 2._o arb._n 342._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o sound_v reason_n since_o if_o take_v upon_o any_o term_n be_v allow_v the_o law_n may_v be_v elude_v and_o judge_n will_v be_v thereby_o tempt_v not_o only_o to_o take_v bribe_n but_o to_o take_v pain_n to_o justify_v what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o this_o opinion_n be_v neither_o prove_v per_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n jul_a repetund_a for_o there_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v non_fw-la excipiet_fw-la quo_fw-la magis_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la quid_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la fecerit_fw-la which_o prohibit_v only_o a_o excess_n in_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o do_v justice_n for_o money_n nor_o perl_n 3._o c._n eod_a since_o that_o law_n do_v only_o in_o the_o general_n forbid_v the_o take_n of_o money_n but_o this_o be_v express_o forbid_v l._n 2._o §_o 2_o ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v obturp_v cause_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v a_o crime_n but_o the_o punishment_n there_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v litem_fw-la svam_fw-la facere_fw-la and_o skeen_n ad_fw-la stat._n 25._o wil._n say_v that_o non_fw-la licet_fw-la judici_fw-la vendere_fw-la judicium_fw-la justum_fw-la ii_o by_o our_o law_n the_o king_n judge_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n upon_o what_o they_o have_v do_v as_o judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v convict_v they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o fault_n cap._n 13._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a court_n such_o as_o regality_n be_v to_o those_o a_o assize_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v either_o culpable_a or_o remiss_a they_o be_v to_o escheat_n their_o moveable_n and_o their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v or_o in_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n cap._n 14._o ibid._n and_o by_o the_o 26._o act_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 5._o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v any_o heritable_a officer_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a and_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v partial_a lose_v his_o office_n forever_o and_o though_o his_o person_n be_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n will_n and_o the_o pay_v of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v only_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n express_v against_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o heritable_a yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o be_v add_v in_o the_o last_o place_n it_o be_v applicable_a both_o to_o the_o heritable_a judge_n and_o other_o likeas_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o by_o all_o these_o act_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n be_v only_o express_v to_o be_v the_o judge_n competent_a yet_o the_o practica_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a if_o partiality_n be_v commit_v in_o any_o criminal_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v execute_v any_o panel_n upon_o a_o crime_n prove_v only_o against_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_n brother_n or_o other_o inhabile_fw-la witness_n or_o upon_o a_o libel_n which_o be_v palpable_o irrelevant_a in_o these_o and_o in_o such_o other_o criminal_a case_n the_o justice_n and_o not_o the_o council_n will_v be_v only_a judge_n competent_a nor_o be_v partiality_n in_o civil_a case_n a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n though_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n paena_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la and_o by_o resound_v of_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o foresay_a law_n strike_v only_o against_o partiality_n in_o general_a but_o bribe_v be_v express_o discharge_v by_o the_o 25._o chap._n stat._n k._n william_n but_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n there_o express_v and_o therefore_o skeen_n add_v in_o his_o observation_n the_o punishment_n of_o l._n 1._o cum_fw-la aut_fw-la hent_n c._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la judic_fw-la and_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 22._o chap._n 1._o stat._n rob._n 1._o all_o judge_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o champart_n either_o for_o give_v defer_v or_o prolong_v of_o justice_n and_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n for_o all_o their_o life_n champart_n be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v part_n du_fw-fr champ_n a_o part_n of_o any_o land_n so_o that_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o take_v any_o part_n of_o the_o
word_n may_v comprehend_v negligence_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v a_o heritable_a officer_n and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v his_o office_n which_o distinction_n i_o find_v also_o observe_v by_o bald._n ad_fw-la l._n manicipia_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr seru._n fugit_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o pro_fw-la negligentia_fw-la judex_fw-la removetur_fw-la ab_fw-la officio_fw-la sed_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la tenet_fw-la in_o judice_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la and_o farin_n q._n 3._o n._n 423._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o majores_fw-la officiales_fw-la non_fw-la removetur_fw-la sed_fw-la minores_fw-la facile_fw-la removeri_fw-la possunt_fw-la title_n xxvi_o deforcement_n 1._o to_o who_o be_v the_o execution_n of_o law_n commit_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o to_o who_o by_o our_o law_n 2._o what_o be_v deforcement_n and_o what_o be_v the_o several_a degree_n thereof_o 3._o the_o messenger_n must_v have_v his_o blazon_n and_o give_v a_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n 4._o whether_o may_v a_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v who_o want_v his_o caption_n or_o transgress_v his_o power_n 5._o what_o witness_n can_v prove_v a_o deforcement_n or_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n can_v prove_v it_o 6._o these_o who_o deforce_o may_v be_v pursue_v civil_o for_o the_o debt_n have_v be_v only_a the_o idea_n or_o picture_n of_o justice_n but_o execution_n be_v its_o life_n and_o though_o those_o who_o have_v the_o execution_n of_o law_n and_o sentence_n commit_v to_o they_o be_v rank_v but_o among_o the_o low_a servant_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v these_o who_o complete_a that_o great_a work_n and_o among_o who_o hand_n it_o become_v perfect_a and_o therefore_o the_o law_n have_v commit_v its_o most_o excellent_a part_n to_o they_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v in_o a_o most_o eminent_a way_n careful_a of_o they_o and_o in_o provide_v for_o their_o safety_n it_o secure_v its_o own_o honour_n i._o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n be_v commit_v among_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o apparitor_n mention_v of_o the_o codex_fw-la in_o three_o several_a title_n and_o these_o be_v erect_v in_o a_o college_n which_o be_v style_v collegium_fw-la or_o familia_fw-la apparitorum_fw-la as_o our_o herald_n be_v in_o a_o fraternity_n by_o the_o 125._o act._n parliament_n 12._o k._n i._n 6._o the_o italian_a doctor_n call_v they_o now_o beroarii_fw-la so_o that_o these_o who_o will_v know_v what_o the_o doctor_n hold_v in_o case_n of_o deforcement_n must_v look_v to_o the_o index_n at_o these_o word_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v a_o species_n of_o laesae-majestie_n to_o resist_v the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n l_o quisquis_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n jub_n maje_v l._n julianus_n ff_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la mandata_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la and_o guid._n pap._n quest_n 557._o observe_n that_o from_o these_o law_n do_v rise_v the_o practic_a of_o france_n qua_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la verberantes_fw-la apparitores_fw-la in_o exe_v cutione_n officii_fw-la nam_fw-la qui_fw-la mandata_fw-la principum_fw-la exaequuntur_fw-la videntur_fw-la vivae_fw-la principium_fw-la imagine_v ac_fw-la adeo_fw-la graviter_fw-la puniri_fw-la debent_fw-la ac_fw-la injuriante_n statuas_n principum_fw-la with_o we_o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n be_v commit_v to_o herald_n pursuivant_n messenger_n macer_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n of_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o respective_a officer_n of_o these_o court_n and_o the_o resist_a beat_v or_o wound_v of_o these_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n be_v in_o our_o law_n that_o crime_n which_o we_o call_v deforcement_n leg._n burgal_n cap._n 135._o ii_o deforcement_n then_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o oppose_a macer_n messenger_n or_o any_o other_o who_o use_v to_o execute_v sentence_n whilst_o they_o be_v execute_v their_o office_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n so_o that_o if_o either_o the_o officer_n be_v not_o in_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n or_o if_o the_o officer_n be_v beat_v upon_o any_o other_o account_n as_o if_o a_o scuffle_n shall_v arise_v occasion_v unjust_o by_o himself_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v a_o deforcement_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o though_o this_o crime_n be_v among_o the_o most_o attrocious_a because_o the_o king_n and_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o their_o person_n despise_v and_o therefore_o this_o crime_n be_v call_v dispectus_fw-la regis_fw-la stat_fw-la williel_n cap._n 4._o verse_n 5._o and_o justice_n be_v after_o much_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o expense_n lay_v out_o by_o the_o party_n disappoint_v yet_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n so_o escheat_v fall_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o party_n at_o who_o instance_n the_o letter_n be_v execute_v i._o 6._o p._n 12._o cap._n 150._o the_o word_n whereof_o be_v if_o a_o officer_n of_o arm_n or_o sheriff_n in_o that_o part_n or_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v deforce_v molest_a invade_v or_o pursue_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n by_o any_o person_n or_o person_n who_o they_o shall_v summon_v or_o other_o of_o his_o cause_v and_o command_n the_o time_n he_o be_v execute_v of_o any_o summons_n letter_n or_o precept_n direct_v by_o his_o highness_n or_o other_o judge_n that_o he_o shall_v loss_n etc._n etc._n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o deforcement_n be_v commit_v by_o trouble_v of_o any_o officer_n belong_v to_o any_o court_n 2._o that_o those_o word_n to_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o quality_n put_v in_o a_o sentence_n by_o itself_o and_o so_o may_v be_v think_v to_o relate_v to_o all_o the_o former_a word_n molest_v invade_v or_o pursue_v yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n be_v only_o wrong_v point_v and_o these_o word_n or_o pursue_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n shall_v all_o be_v put_v in_o one_o sentence_n for_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la simple_a oppose_a or_o molest_v the_o messenger_n though_o without_o blood_n will_v infer_v a_o deforcement_n 2._o though_o by_o the_o act_n it_o will_v seem_v only_o these_o against_o who_o letter_n and_o charge_n be_v raise_v or_o such_o as_o they_o hound_n out_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o deforcement_n yet_o if_o any_o other_o do_v deforce_o a_o messenger_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o party_n interest_v themselves_o or_o hound_v out_o by_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v likewise_o guilty_a of_o deforcement_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 4._o cap._n stat_fw-la williell_n vers_fw-la 1._o and_o by_o the_o 84._o act_n 11._o parliament_n k._n i._n 6._o and_o see_v the_o crime_n lie_v in_o the_o opposition_n to_o the_o messenger_n whoever_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o act_n commit_v this_o crime_n 3._o though_o this_o act_n make_v only_o cause_v or_o command_v a_o crime_n yet_o certain_o if_o any_o person_n interest_v do_v ratihabit_fw-la the_o deforcement_n commit_v by_o any_o other_o person_n by_o either_o give_v he_o good_a deed_n or_o by_o receive_v his_o letter_n or_o blazon_n take_v from_o he_o he_o be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la guilty_a of_o deforcement_n as_o the_o council_n find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o seafort_n against_o the_o lord_n mackdonald_n anno_fw-la 1669._o upon_o full_a debate_n in_o which_o 〈…〉_z lord_n in_o the_o highland_n shall_v be_v liable_a for_o deforcement_n commit_v upon_o the_o ground_n if_o they_o do_v not_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n 4._o though_o the_o execution_n be_v disappoint_v and_o stop_v yet_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o parliament_n to_o be_v as_o sufficient_a as_o perfect_v and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o the_o party_n have_v do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o say_v that_o the_o disappointment_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la shall_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o 5._o see_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act_n be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o imprisonment_n whereas_o by_o the_o act_n 84.11_o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o the_o life_n and_o good_n of_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o judge_n may_v punish_v by_o either_o of_o the_o act_n see_v the_o last_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la the_o first_o or_o whether_o both_o shall_v stand_v in_o vigour_n and_o force_n concern_v which_o question_n the_o general_a lawyer_n have_v very_o many_o learned_a debate_n but_o the_o most_o solid_a and_o approven_v conclusion_n be_v that_o when_o a_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o several_a pain_n in_o several_a law_n or_o act_n which_o act_n do_v not_o derogat_v one_o from_o another_o express_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o punish_v the_o delinquent_n by_o either_o of_o the_o pain_n l._n quoties_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la &_o obligationibus_fw-la but_o
just_a allegiance_n &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o can_v be_v resist_v or_o else_o he_o do_v wrong_a via_fw-la facti_fw-la by_o beat_v the_o party_n he_o cite_v or_o give_v he_o opprobrious_a speech_n by_o apprehend_v he_o without_o a_o caption_n or_o after_o a_o suspension_n be_v produce_v by_o he_o or_o otherwise_o give_v rise_n to_o the_o violence_n use_v against_o he_o &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o may_v be_v resist_v as_o be_v find_v mart._n 166â—_n and_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o doctor_n cabal_n ibid._n it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o deforcement_n at_o the_o messenger_n instance_n against_o the_o panel_n for_o stop_v he_o to_o poynd_v good_n because_o the_o messenger_n be_v the_o person_n at_o who_o instance_n the_o letter_n of_o poind_v be_v raise_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o execute_v they_o himself_o see_v no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n and_o the_o messenger_n be_v judge_n in_o all_o poynding_n but_o this_o be_v repel_v because_o the_o letter_n of_o poind_v be_v always_o blank_a in_o the_o pâ—rsons_n name_n to_o who_o they_o be_v direct_v and_o so_o the_o messenger_n may_v fill_v up_o his_o own_o name_n and_o no_o messenger_n be_v exclude_v and_o if_o the_o executer_n do_v any_o wrong_n he_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o spoilzie_a and_o his_o sentence_n be_v reduceable_a but_o this_o want_v not_o its_o own_o scruple_n see_v messenger_n be_v judge_n when_o they_o poynd_v and_o no_o man_n can_v judge_v in_o his_o own_o cause_n 2._o it_o be_v here_o allege_v that_o the_o letter_n upon_o which_o execution_n be_v use_v be_v suspend_v and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v put_v to_o execution_n which_o alledgiance_n be_v repel_v because_o the_o suspension_n be_v not_o intimate_v and_o so_o the_o messenger_n nor_o party_n be_v not_o thereby_o put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la mart._n 1662._o though_o this_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o deforce_o when_o it_o be_v pure_o such_o and_o be_v not_o aggrage_v with_o other_o heinous_a circumstance_n yet_o if_o a_o messenger_n be_v execute_v letter_n of_o caption_n against_o a_o traitor_n for_o treason_n any_o who_o will_v deforce_v he_o will_v commit_v treason_n and_o that_o be_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o treason_n and_o so_o in_o other_o crime_n but_o whether_o deforcement_n may_v be_v punish_v in_o our_o law_n as_o break_v of_o prison_n i_o doubt_v very_o much_o though_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o eximens_fw-la aliquem_fw-la ex_fw-la manu_fw-la familiae_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la carcere_fw-la à _fw-la pari_fw-la procedunt_fw-la &_o carceratus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o carceris_fw-la mansione_n dagit_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la satellitum_fw-la custodia_fw-la &_o in_o familiae_fw-la manu_fw-la reperitur_fw-la nam_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la utribique_fw-la leditur_fw-la majestas_fw-la principis_fw-la &_o offenditur_fw-la ministerium_fw-la justitiae_fw-la cabal_n resol_fw-it crim_n cent_n 1._o casu_fw-la 8._o v._o deforcement_n than_o be_v prove_v as_o other_o crime_n by_o witness_n and_o who_o ever_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o prove_v other_o crime_n be_v admit_v here_o but_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o doubt_v whether_o the_o witness_n who_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o the_o messenger_n for_o verify_v his_o execution_n may_v be_v sustain_v as_o witness_n to_o prove_v the_o deforcement_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n be_v because_o ordinary_o they_o be_v injure_v themselves_o in_o such_o case_n yet_o at_o last_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o march_n 1662._o that_o they_o be_v very_o receiveable_a witness_n because_o without_o these_o deforcement_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v and_o since_o the_o execution_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o they_o why_o not_o deforcement_n but_o it_o be_v a_o necessary_a caution_n in_o that_o case_n that_o no_o injury_n be_v pursue_v as_o do_v to_o the_o witness_n for_o if_o that_o be_v once_o libel_v they_o become_v party_n and_o will_v not_o thereafter_o be_v receive_v as_o witness_n though_o they_o shall_v offer_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o injury_n as_o do_v to_o themselves_o and_o these_o witness_n be_v so_o receivable_a that_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o murray_n &_o french_a 13_o july_n 1669._o it_o be_v find_v that_o though_o they_o be_v within_o the_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o they_o may_v be_v receive_v because_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v testes_fw-la instrumentarii_fw-la be_v witness_n contain_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o deforcement_n but_o i_o think_v this_o be_v debateable_a because_o testes_fw-la instrumentarii_fw-la be_v only_o allow_v in_o obligation_n though_o within_o degree_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v choose_v with_o mutual_a consent_n which_o can_v be_v allege_v here_o see_v the_o messenger_n only_o choose_v such_o witness_n as_o he_o please_v whether_o the_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v without_o lead_v any_o other_o witness_n may_v it_o be_v doubt_v and_o that_o it_o shall_v appear_v from_o these_o ground_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o law_n that_o creditur_fw-la nunciis_fw-la in_o his_o quae_fw-la spectant_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la officium_fw-la 2._o in_o civilibus_fw-la the_o execution_n of_o a_o messenger_n be_v always_o believe_v till_o it_o be_v improven_v 3._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o creditur_fw-la nuncio_n si_fw-la referat_fw-la se_fw-la fuisse_fw-la percussum_fw-la vel_fw-la verberatum_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la executione_fw-la which_o guido_n papae_fw-la decis_fw-la 628._o declare_v to_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o france_n in_o dauphmie_n and_o this_o be_v enact_v by_o a_o statute_n of_o florence_n 13._o june_n 1559._o yet_o by_o our_o law_n the_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n will_v not_o prove_v that_o the_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v and_o caballus_fw-la declare_v this_o likewise_o of_o most_o other_o nation_n beside_o these_o abovecited_a casu_fw-la 127._o according_a to_o our_o law_n the_o messenger_n who_o be_v deforce_v can_v be_v lead_v even_o as_o single_a witness_n though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o instance_n but_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v or_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n in_o which_o case_n it_o seem_v that_o all_o their_o interest_n cease_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o it_o be_v presumable_a that_o the_o party_n who_o be_v wrong_v will_v still_o retain_v a_o resentment_n against_o the_o injurer_n and_o so_o will_v still_o be_v prejudicate_v witness_n in_o that_o case_n but_o yet_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n this_o be_v doubt_v and_o many_o of_o they_o conclude_v that_o creditur_fw-la nuncio_n se_fw-la verberatum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nam_fw-la creditur_fw-la ei_fw-la secundum_fw-la omnes_fw-la in_o iis_fw-la quae_fw-la pertinent_a ad_fw-la suum_fw-la officium_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la est_fw-la connexum_fw-la relationi_fw-la executionis_fw-la sibi_fw-la demandata_fw-la menoch_n de_fw-fr arb._n case_z 112._o alii_fw-la vero_fw-la credunt_fw-la casum_fw-la hunc_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitrarium_fw-la and_o according_a to_o our_o law_n such_o as_o be_v witness_n choose_v by_o the_o messenger_n to_o go_v alongst_o with_o he_o in_o use_v the_o execution_n will_v still_o be_v receive_v witness_n though_o they_o be_v themselves_o beat_v in_o the_o deforcement_n and_o so_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o former_a suspicion_n equal_o with_o the_o messenger_n and_o the_o only_a reason_n of_o difference_n that_o can_v be_v assign_v be_v that_o the_o messenger_n be_v himself_o say_v in_o our_o law_n to_o be_v deforce_v and_o so_o be_v the_o person_n formal_o interest_v but_o witness_n be_v not_o in_o our_o law_n say_v to_o be_v deforce_v and_o though_o they_o be_v receive_v ordinary_o yet_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o caution_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o depon_n upon_o any_o wrong_n do_v to_o themselves_o for_o if_o they_o do_v it_o will_v make_v they_o though_o otherways_o habit_n to_o be_v reject_v from_o be_v witness_n and_o the_o law_n will_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la look_v upon_o they_o as_o person_n that_o remember_v too_o much_o the_o injury_n 〈…〉_z though_o the_o witness_n take_v along_o by_o the_o messenger_n to_o the_o execution_n can_v be_v reject_v upon_o that_o account_n after_o they_o have_v purge_v themselves_o of_o partial_a counsel_n and_o malice_n if_o they_o may_v not_o be_v reject_v if_o before_o they_o be_v swear_v they_o confess_v they_o continue_v to_o have_v a_o resentment_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v they_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n if_o this_o beat_n and_o injury_n suffer_v by_o they_o be_v confess_v by_o themselves_o before_o they_o be_v purge_v of_o partial_a counsel_n they_o shall_v be_v reject_v though_o the_o party_n interest_v and_o at_o who_o instance_n the_o letter_n be_v execute_v can_v be_v receive_v witness_n to_o prove_v a_o deforcement_n even_o though_o they_o shall_v declare_v that_o they_o will_v never_o pursue_v the_o deforcement_n ad_fw-la proprium_fw-la interest_n &_o vindictam_fw-la yet_o such_o as_o be_v
qualitate_fw-la gravissime_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o by_o the_o basilick_n there_o be_v no_o punishment_n express_v to_o that_o special_a kind_n of_o falsehood_n and_o so_o it_o be_v leave_v only_o punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsum_fw-la and_o though_o matheus_n do_v infer_v this_o to_o be_v capital_o punish_v from_o l._n 3._o l._n jul_a maje_v yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o man_n pretend_v false_o that_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n which_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v l._n 27._o h._n t._n and_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o the_o state_n which_o be_v punish_v dicta_fw-la l._n 3._o iv._o because_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n do_v ofttimes_o arise_v upon_o paper_n produce_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o because_o the_o trial_n thereof_o require_v a_o exact_a and_o long_o and_o a_o much_o more_o tedious_a search_n than_o the_o form_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n can_v allow_v who_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n therefore_o by_o the_o act_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n and_o albeit_o that_o act_n do_v not_o express_v their_o jurisdiction_n to_o be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o a_o accumulat_fw-la accusation_n of_o theft_n and_o falsehood_n pursue_v by_o the_o lord_n blantire_n against_o m_o cculloch_n his_o servant_n it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o justice_n that_o they_o will_v not_o proceed_v to_o judge_v the_o falsehood_n but_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n in_o a_o improbation_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la do_v only_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o that_o of_o divorce_n do_v to_o the_o commissary_n for_o else_o most_o of_o all_o falsehood_n will_v be_v only_o pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n see_v the_o trial_n there_o be_v much_o short_a and_o less_o expensive_a than_o before_o the_o lord_n whereas_o i_o find_v not_o any_o action_n of_o falsehood_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la record_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n v._o the_o lord_n do_v sometime_o proceed_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n summarie_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la simplicis_fw-la quaerelae_fw-la upon_o a_o bill_n without_o any_o formal_a summons_n and_o thus_o they_o find_v binnie_n a_o falsary_a for_o counterfeit_v the_o signet_n jun_n 1666._o but_o this_o they_o do_v only_o in_o two_o case_n 1._o when_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n 2._o when_o the_o signet_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o proâ—esse_n be_v ex_fw-la recenti_fw-la falsify_v the_o way_n of_o procedor_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v this_o a_o summons_n of_o improbation_n be_v raise_v and_o continue_v and_o three_o term_n of_o old_a but_o now_o two_o only_o be_v by_o the_o regulation_n give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o produce_v the_o writ_n call_v for_o to_o be_v improve_v if_o the_o paper_n call_v for_o be_v not_o produce_v certification_n be_v grant_v against_o they_o whereby_o they_o be_v declare_v such_o as_o can_v never_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o true_a paper_n in_o any_o time_n come_v but_o upon_o this_o presumptive_a improbation_n whereby_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o perfictionem_fw-la juris_fw-la declare_v null_n the_o party_n who_o be_v call_v to_o produce_v they_o be_v not_o repute_v a_o forger_n or_o punish_v as_o such_o for_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la or_o that_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o paper_n as_o be_v call_v for_o nor_o be_v there_o ever_o certification_n grant_v or_o any_o further_a inquiry_n make_v into_o the_o falsehood_n itself_o till_o november_n 1669._o at_o which_o time_n certification_n have_v be_v grant_v against_o some_o paper_n make_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o captain_n barclay_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o may_v proceed_v a_o little_a further_o by_o examine_v the_o witness_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o have_v never_o be_v do_v 2._o that_o non_fw-la constabat_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la 3._o that_o by_o the_o certification_n res_fw-la erat_fw-la judicata_fw-la and_o so_o the_o lord_n functierant_fw-la officio_fw-la 4._o that_o the_o writ_n be_v improve_v be_v no_o long_o dangerous_a non_fw-la erat_fw-la amplius_fw-la nociva_fw-la &_o nullus_fw-la potest_fw-la puniri_fw-la defalso_fw-la ubi_fw-la falsum_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la nocivum_fw-la and_o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o a_o person_n who_o falsify_v writ_n may_v destroy_v they_o when_o he_o find_v they_o can_v not_o be_v advantageous_a and_o so_o escape_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hazard_n in_o this_o because_o if_o the_o forger_n use_v they_o not_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o no_o person_n can_v be_v prejudge_v but_o if_o he_o do_v the_o party_n injure_v may_v force_v he_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o clerk_n hand_n and_o intent_n and_o improbation_n by_o the_o 62._o act._n 7._o parl._n q._n m._n the_o judge_n be_v allow_v to_o exact_a caution_n from_o such_o as_o propon_n improbation_n and_o though_o some_o doubt_n whether_o this_o caution_n may_v be_v exact_v as_o well_o when_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n as_o when_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o action_n yet_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v the_o same_o it_o both_o and_o that_o by_o the_o act_n this_o be_v declare_v to_o extend_v as_o well_o at_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o summons_n as_o at_o the_o propon_n of_o the_o objection_n and_o that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la distinguit_fw-la i_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o doubt_n and_o this_o it_o be_v decide_v the_o 25._o of_o jun_n 1675._o the_o sum_n for_o which_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o though_o this_o statute_n appoint_v only_a caution_n to_o be_v find_v yet_o the_o lord_n do_v ordain_v the_o money_n ofttimes_o to_o be_v consign_v vi_o there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o improve_n a_o writ_n viz._n the_o direct_a and_o indirect_a manner_n the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v by_o the_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v the_o indirect_a manner_n be_v by_o witness_n not_o insert_v but_o by_o presumption_n and_o other_o extrinsic_a argument_n but_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o our_o law_n that_o whilst_o the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v extant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v whilst_o writer_n and_o witness_n insert_v be_v alive_a no_o trial_n can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n as_o to_o the_o direct_a manner_n we_o have_v this_o general_a maxim_n viz._n that_o such_o witness_n as_o be_v dead_a be_v prove_v witness_n but_o this_o hold_v only_o presumptive_a for_o if_o of_o five_o witness_n insert_v two_o shall_v improve_v the_o other_o three_o be_v dead_a the_o writ_n will_v be_v declare_v false_a whereas_o if_o these_o three_o be_v alive_a and_o do_v formal_o approve_v the_o writ_n will_v subsist_v though_o improven_v by_o two_o to_o prevent_v falsehood_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o evident_n our_o law_n in_o place_n of_o seal_n which_o be_v use_v of_o old_a and_o which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o counterfeit_v do_v by_o the_o 117._o act_n 7._o parl._n i._o â—_o require_v that_o all_o evident_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n and_o witness_n and_o by_o the_o 80._o act_n parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o all_o writ_n of_o importance_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o principal_a party_n if_o they_o can_v subscribe_v or_o by_o two_o famous_a notar_n before_o four_o famous_a witness_n denominat_fw-la by_o thâ—â—_n special_a dwelling_n or_o by_o some_o evident_a token_n by_o which_o the_o witness_n may_v be_v know_v and_o though_o usual_o man_n take_v writ_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n subscribe_v before_o any_o witness_n yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o imprudent_a for_o if_o i_o take_v a_o gentleman_n two_o servant_n or_o a_o father_n two_o son_n when_o the_o master_n or_o father_n be_v disponer_n witness_n to_o their_o disposition_n or_o bond_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n and_o one_o of_o these_o shall_v deny_v his_o subscription_n the_o writ_n will_v be_v null_a as_o be_v find_v in_o commissar_n fleeming_n case_v and_o if_o both_o deny_v their_o subscription_n the_o writ_n ought_v in_o strict_a law_n to_o be_v declare_v false_a but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v pregnant_a circumstance_n and_o adminicle_n to_o astruct_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o subscription_n i_o conceive_v the_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v improven_v even_o though_o these_o interest_v witness_n shall_v deny_v their_o subscription_n from_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o witness_n shall_v be_v special_o design_v to_o the_o end_n
to_o swear_v before_o any_o debate_n upon_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o ordain_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o improbation_n and_o to_o ordain_v the_o defender_n to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v not_o publicatio_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n in_o civil_a case_n yet_o because_o improbation_n have_v a_o criminal_a effect_n and_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o defender_n therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v in_o this_o case_n to_o ordain_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o party_n and_o both_o party_n be_v full_o hear_v to_o debate_v in_o praesentia_fw-la the_o lord_n do_v either_o improve_v or_o assoylzie_n if_o the_o lord_n improve_v they_o have_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n power_n to_o impose_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n suitable_a to_o the_o crime_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v sometime_o ordain_v the_o forget_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n if_o the_o cheat_n be_v but_o small_a or_o the_o person_n in_o great_a necessity_n and_o sometime_o they_o only_o ordain_v the_o forger_n to_o be_v imprison_v and_o rebuke_v he_o without_o discover_v the_o falsehood_n as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v otherways_o very_o discreet_a be_v by_o his_o poverty_n drive_v to_o counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o a_o bond_n of_o suspension_n sometime_o likewise_o they_o refer_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o council_n who_o upon_o that_o reference_n use_v either_o to_o condemn_v the_o forger_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n as_o they_o do_v captain_n barclay_n or_o else_o they_o use_v to_o send_v they_o to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n as_o they_o do_v tulloch_n a_o nottar_n for_o forge_v a_o charter_n 4._o july_n 1638._o but_o this_o mitigation_n be_v only_o allow_v when_o the_o forger_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o commit_v that_o crime_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o other_o or_o by_o his_o own_o simplicity_n and_o have_v ingenious_o confess_v vii_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o procedor_fw-la take_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o they_o have_v improven_v the_o paper_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v false_a be_v to_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n against_o who_o a_o indictment_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o the_o assize_n swear_v the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v read_v without_o repeat_v any_o further_a probation_n and_o the_o assize_n must_v condemn_v thereupon_o else_o they_o will_v be_v pursue_v for_o error_n and_o therefore_o the_o verdict_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la bear_v find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o this_o verdict_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v express_o to_o condemn_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o halyday_n for_o counterfeit_v a_o discharge_n 8._o february_n 1597._o james_n tarbet_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o counterfeit_v a_o false_a charter_n 16._o february_n 1600._o and_o if_o the_o falsehood_n be_v atrocious_a they_o sometime_o before_o the_o execution_n ordain_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o lord_n remit_v not_o the_o case_n to_o the_o justice_n when_o they_o find_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v false_a they_o ordain_v the_o paper_n improven_v to_o be_v cancel_v in_o their_o own_o presence_n but_o if_o they_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n than_o the_o paper_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v there_o against_o the_o panel_n the_o paper_n be_v likewise_o cancel_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n viii_o the_o second_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n in_o their_o deposition_n which_o may_v be_v many_o way_n commit_v as_o 1._o by_o take_v money_n to_o depon_n or_o not_o depon_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la dicendum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la acceperit_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n h._n t._n 20._o by_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o express_v more_o than_o the_o truth_n though_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n l._n 16_o §_o ult_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi 3._o by_o depon_v thing_n express_o contradictory_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contradiction_n must_v be_v palpable_a and_o not_o consequential_a nam_fw-la omnis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la praeferendo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la reconcilientur_fw-la witness_n either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v swear_v and_o if_o they_o swear_v false_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v false_a witness_n without_o a_o oath_n as_o witness_n in_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsarii_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n clar._n hoc_fw-la tit_n num_fw-la 11._o and_o of_o these_o i_o design_n to_o treat_v only_o at_o least_o principal_o in_o this_o title_n he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o in_o one_o point_n be_v repute_v false_a in_o all_o his_o deposition_n whether_o the_o point_n be_v coherent_a or_o not_o but_o he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o only_o in_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v depone_v false_o upon_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v interrogat_n and_o yet_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v falsarius_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v one_o of_o barclay_n servant_n to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n because_o he_o prevaricat_fw-la only_o in_o his_o deposition_n about_o the_o carry_v of_o a_o letter_n though_o that_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o debate_n and_o be_v main_o use_v to_o try_v the_o witness_n honesty_n oblivion_n or_o forgetfulness_n excuse_v sometime_o à _fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la falsi_fw-la if_o it_o be_v invincible_o or_o strong_o found_v but_o not_o otherwise_o witness_n depon_v false_o and_o such_o as_o induce_v witness_n be_v by_o our_o law_n punish_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n act_n 80._o parl._n 6._o i._o 5._o but_o thereafter_o by_o pierce_v their_o tongue_n and_o escheat_v of_o their_o moveable_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o be_v never_o to_o brook_v honour_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v to_o be_v further_o punish_v in_o their_o person_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n q._n m._n parl._n 6._o cap._n 48._o by_o the_o lord_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o may_v punish_v witness_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n before_o themselves_o wherein_o the_o witness_n depone_v false_o but_o if_o either_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o depon_v in_o another_o court_n or_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v functi_fw-la officio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o process_n wherein_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o lord_n can_v judge_v the_o falsehood_n or_o punish_v the_o false_a witness_n sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n who_o have_v confess_v that_o they_o subscribe_v witness_n to_o a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o his_o nephew_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n who_o banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o themselves_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v banish_v or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n pierce_v or_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o cock-stool_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n yet_o they_o can_v ordain_v they_o to_o die_v because_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n can_v in_o law_n be_v extend_v ad_fw-la infligendam_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la as_o be_v full_o clear_v elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o remit_v the_o falsarie_a to_o the_o justice_n if_o the_o crime_n deserve_v death_n but_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o justice_n can_v inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o any_o case_n upon_o false_a witness_n since_o that_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v capital_a by_o any_o act_n but_o to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v inflâ—ct_a capital_a punishment_n upon_o the_o committer_n of_o this_o crime_n in_o some_o case_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n ja._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o civil_a law_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la witness_v have_v be_v hang_v for_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o croy_n and_o for_o suborn_v other_o to_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o cheyn_n march_v 15._o 1605._o and_o grahame_n march_v 8._o 1615._o at_o which_o time_n also_o dunlop_n and_o some_o other_o be_v hang_v for_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v false_a witness_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o depon_n because_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v
most_o subtle_a of_o all_o serpent_n plin_n lib._n 30._o nat_n histor_n cap._n 10._o title_n xxix_o perjury_n 1._o what_o be_v perjury_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o whether_o he_o who_o swear_v only_o that_o he_o believe_v what_o he_o depones_fw-la to_o be_v true_a be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 3._o whether_o he_o who_o promise_v upon_o oath_n and_o perform_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 4._o whether_o these_o who_o perform_v not_o their_o parent_n oath_n be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 5._o whether_o witness_n who_o depone_v false_o can_v be_v convict_v of_o perjury_n upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n 6._o whether_o a_o judge_n or_o advocate_n violate_v his_o oath_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o since_o witness_n can_v by_o their_o deposition_n take_v away_o the_o life_n or_o ruin_v the_o estate_n of_o such_o as_o be_v the_o great_a man_n or_o have_v the_o great_a fortune_n the_o law_n which_o repose_v that_o trust_n in_o they_o do_v very_o just_o over-awe_n they_o in_o depon_v by_o the_o reverend_a fear_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o by_o threaten_v they_o with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n of_o perjury_n if_o they_o swear_v false_o i._o perjury_n be_v define_v by_o lawyer_n to_o be_v a_o lie_n affirm_v judicial_o upon_o oath_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o person_n will_v both_o be_v so_o mean_a as_o to_o lie_v and_o so_o wicked_a as_o to_o call_v god_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n thereto_o therefore_o lawyer_n have_v very_o just_o deliver_v we_o a_o brocard_n that_o perjury_n be_v not_o commit_v without_o fraud_n interpretatio_fw-la facienda_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la evitetur_fw-la perjurium_fw-la and_o from_o this_o principle_n they_o have_v deduce_v that_o 1._o he_o who_o swear_v that_o which_o be_v false_a believe_v it_o to_o be_v true_a be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o perjurer_n for_o in_o effect_n he_o do_v not_o then_o lie_v add_v ad_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 13.2_o if_o the_o perjury_n can_v have_v prejudge_v no_o man_n clar._n num_fw-la 11._o because_o it_o be_v not_o be_v presume_v that_o a_o person_n will_v perjure_v himself_o while_o he_o can_v have_v no_o design_n and_o from_o this_o may_v be_v likewise_o infer_v as_o a_o consequence_n that_o perjury_n shall_v be_v hardly_o fasten_v upon_o any_o person_n for_o matter_n of_o very_a small_a consequence_n see_v as_o de_fw-la minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n so_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o a_o man_n especial_o of_o any_o integrity_n or_o honour_n will_v incur_v that_o guilt_n and_o this_o be_v allege_v for_o mr._n james_n row_v a_o minister_n when_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o perjure_v himself_o by_o sir_n thomas_n stewart_n in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o for_o the_o matter_n of_o five_o pound_n scot_n but_o this_o point_n be_v not_o decide_v and_o albeit_o i_o think_v where_o this_o be_v join_v with_o other_o circumstance_n which_o may_v render_v the_o decision_n dubious_a the_o council_n may_v either_o mitigat_n or_o remit_v the_o punishment_n yet_o if_o the_o perjury_n be_v clear_o prove_v i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o in_o no_o case_n shall_v the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n because_o the_o matter_n wherein_o the_o perjury_n be_v allege_v to_o have_v be_v commit_v be_v very_o small_a but_o it_o be_v punishable_a if_o at_o first_o it_o may_v though_o thereafter_o ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la it_o prove_v not_o prejudicial_a as_o if_o the_o writ_n be_v improven_v by_o a_o certification_n yet_o the_o false_a witness_n be_v thereafter_o punishable_a though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o inquiry_n that_o paper_n can_v prejudge_v no_o man_n because_o of_o the_o certification_n it_o be_v find_v in_o barclay_n case_n february_n 1670._o 3._o where_o the_o matter_n be_v difficult_a it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o swearer_n do_v not_o understand_v then_o that_o he_o do_v perjure_v himself_o clar._n num_fw-la 10._o but_o if_o the_o swearer_n do_v not_o take_v pain_n to_o understand_v the_o matter_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v depon_v i_o think_v the_o difficulty_n shall_v hardly_o excuse_v he_o ii_o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o the_o doctor_n if_o he_o who_o swear_v per_fw-la verbum_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o believe_v can_v be_v punish_v for_o perjury_n and_o in_o mr._n james_n row_n case_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o shall_v because_o in_o effect_v all_o oath_n be_v but_o oath_n of_o credulity_n where_o the_o matter_n fall_v not_o under_o sense_n and_o in_o this_o case_n where_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o his_o own_o oath_n if_o he_o be_v pay_v of_o his_o stipend_n and_o he_o depone_v upon_o oath_n he_o believe_v he_o be_v not_o pay_v hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o word_n believe_v shall_v have_v infer_v perjury_n because_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v believe_v except_o he_o have_v certain_o know_v and_o belief_n presuppose_v a_o certainty_n for_o faith_n and_o belief_n be_v all_o one_o so_o that_o in_o effect_n to_o depon_n he_o believe_v it_o be_v pay_v be_v to_o depon_n it_o be_v certain_o pay_v or_o that_o in_o faith_n it_o be_v pay_v either_o of_o which_o will_v have_v infer_v perjury_n but_o 2._o perjurium_fw-la est_fw-la affirmare_fw-la quod_fw-la dubit_fw-la as_o arg_n l._n vinc_fw-la ff_n nihil_fw-la nov_n apel_n &_o indiscrete_a jurare_fw-la est_fw-la instar_fw-la perjurii_fw-la gregor_n tholosan_n h._n t._n and_o if_o the_o adject_v such_o a_o dubious_a word_n as_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o evite_v perjury_n that_o crime_n shall_v never_o be_v incur_v and_o certain_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o great_a undervalue_v of_o the_o deity_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la medium_n inductivum_fw-la huius_fw-la criminis_fw-la to_o depon_n without_o information_n where_o information_n may_v be_v have_v and_o it_o be_v very_o presumable_a he_o will_v little_o value_v perjury_n who_o do_v value_n little_a to_o get_v such_o information_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n in_o clear_v what_o be_v just_a and_o see_v the_o law_n design_n by_o punish_a perjury_n to_o come_v to_o the_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o all_o private_a case_n wherein_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o end_n judex_fw-la may_v ubicunque_fw-la suum_fw-la tribuere_fw-la it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o it_o shall_v very_o severe_o punish_v such_o as_o depon_n without_o previous_a information_n especial_o where_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o deposition_n be_v in_o facto_fw-la proprio_fw-la as_o in_o this_o case_n for_o by_o this_o rash_a or_o affectate_v omission_n both_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judge_n be_v equal_o disappoint_v of_o their_o end_n as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o deponer_n have_v willing_o perjure_v himself_o 2._o a_o witness_n depon_v false_o per_fw-la verbum_fw-la credo_fw-la be_v in_o law_n punish_v with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n bald._n salicet_fw-la in_o l._n de_fw-fr tut_o c._n de_fw-fr in_o integrum_fw-la restitut_o alexander_n concis_fw-la 28._o vel_fw-la 6._o angel_n consil_n 3._o the_o depon_a per_fw-la verbum_fw-la credo_fw-la will_v have_v gain_v the_o deponer_n the_o cause_n and_o assoilzy_v he_o from_o the_o pursuit_n and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v infer_v perjury_n against_o he_o because_o the_o reason_n why_o perjury_n be_v punish_v be_v that_o there_o may_v be_v something_o to_o overawe_n such_o to_o who_o the_o verity_n of_o any_o cause_n be_v refer_v 5._o it_o be_v doubt_v among_o the_o doctor_n if_o he_o who_o promise_v upon_o oath_n in_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v a_o sum_n or_o perform_v a_o deed_n betwixt_o and_o a_o day_n be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n if_o he_o failzie_a and_o math._n de_fw-fr aflictis_fw-la relate_v a_o neopolitan_a decision_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v that_o perjury_n can_v not_o be_v infer_v upon_o the_o breach_n of_o such_o a_o oath_n as_o this_o the_o word_n of_o the_o obligation_n be_v to_o pay_v sub_fw-la fide_fw-la dal_n gentilhomo_n because_o say_v he_o this_o be_v fides_fw-la and_o consequent_o can_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la though_o bertrand_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n consil._n 126._o iii_o but_o the_o question_n remain_v yet_o entire_a notwithstanding_o of_o that_o decision_n whether_o they_o who_o promise_v under_o a_o express_a formal_a and_o religious_a oath_n as_o that_o by_o god_n himself_o or_o holy_a trinity_n they_o shall_v pay_v a_o sum_n or_o do_v such_o a_o deed_n betwixt_o and_o a_o perfixed_a day_n may_v not_o be_v pursue_v for_o perjury_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o may_v be_v argue_v from_o this_o that_o these_o be_v extrajudicial_a oath_n the_o law_n shall_v not_o encourage_v the_o give_n or_o exact_v of_o they_o so_o as_o to_o punish_v the_o not_o implement_n of_o they_o with_o perjury_n for_o this_o will_v make_v every_o man_n exact_v a_o oath_n of_o his_o debtor_n when_o he_o lend_v
to_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o a_o party_n have_v make_v his_o antagonist_n absolute_o judge_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n he_o have_v as_o it_o be_v submit_v to_o he_o &_o juramentum_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la ultimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o case_n decide_v per._n l._n 2._o c._n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la credit_n religionem_fw-la contemptam_fw-la juramenti_fw-la satis_fw-la deum_fw-la habet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la sed_fw-la majestatis_fw-la crimen_fw-la vel_fw-la periculum_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o si_fw-la per_fw-la principis_fw-la venerationem_fw-la quodam_fw-la calore_fw-la fuerit_fw-la perjeratum_fw-la inferri_fw-la non_fw-la placet_fw-la for_o in_o the_o immediate_o precede_v law_n it_o be_v say_v that_o causa_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la utriusque_fw-la partis_fw-la delato_fw-la decisa_fw-la nec_fw-la perjurii_fw-la praetextu_fw-la retractari_fw-la potest_fw-la so_o that_o add_v both_o law_n together_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v refer_v to_o any_o party_n oath_n it_o be_v decide_v conform_v thereto_o that_o decision_n can_v neither_o be_v retract_v upon_o pretext_n of_o perjury_n nor_o can_v the_o perjurer_n be_v corporal_o punish_v and_o this_o seem_v a_o much_o more_o reasonable_a answer_n than_o those_o many_o give_v by_o the_o doctor_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o the_o conclusion_n itself_o nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o conform_a to_o our_o law_n nor_o perhaps_o to_o reason_n for_o interest_n and_o avarice_n be_v sufficient_a bait_n to_o perjury_n though_o impunity_n be_v not_o thereto_o add_v and_o when_o the_o party_n defer_v a_o oath_n he_o intend_v thereby_o to_o submit_v final_o to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o famine_n be_v defer_v but_o not_o so_o but_o that_o if_o thereafter_o the_o sweaâ—er_n shall_v be_v find_v perjure_a he_o may_v be_v still_o challenge_v nor_o perhaps_o will_v he_o have_v defer_v the_o oath_n if_o he_o have_v not_o conclude_v himself_o secure_a as_o to_o what_o shall_v be_v depone_v not_o only_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o religion_n but_o likewise_o because_o of_o the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n and_o see_v in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v mendacium_fw-la juramento_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v perjury_n be_v there_o any_o ground_n why_o at_o least_o his_o majesty_n be_v advocate_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v it_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o speciality_n in_o it_o cease_v in_o he_o and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o decision_n in_o favour_n of_o clarus_n his_o opinion_n in_o our_o law_n so_o in_o mr._n james_n row'_v and_o other_o case_n where_o this_o may_v have_v be_v propon_v this_o defence_n be_v never_o propon_v yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o deponer_n in_o juramento_fw-la delato_fw-la crave_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v declare_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v liable_a for_o perjury_n when_o any_o oath_n be_v necessary_o so_o defer_v to_o he_o which_o the_o lord_n in_o some_o case_n use_v to_o grant_v as_o in_o facto_fw-la antiquo_fw-la and_o by_o so_o do_v they_o show_v that_o perjury_n be_v punishable_a regulariter_fw-la even_o in_o he_o to_o who_o a_o oath_n be_v defer_v but_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o doctor_n have_v more_o just_o conclude_v that_o where_o a_o oath_n be_v defer_v in_o criminal_n though_o the_o panel_n need_v not_o swear_v yet_o if_o he_o do_v swear_v he_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o a_o perjure_a person_n though_o he_o swear_v false_o quia_fw-la licet_fw-la cuique_fw-la suum_fw-la redimere_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 12._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o in_o usury_n and_o other_o case_n because_o there_o the_o law_n obliedge_v he_o to_o give_v his_o oath_n and_o matheus_n do_v think_v that_o it_o shall_v in_o no_o case_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o perjurer_n shall_v there_o be_v punish_v with_o a_o double_a punishment_n both_o for_o conceal_v the_o crime_n and_o also_o perjure_v himself_o and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v rather_o punishable_a then_o ordinary_a perjury_n because_o the_o defender_n need_v not_o swear_v and_o be_v in_o no_o hazard_n by_o not_o swear_v and_o the_o less_o the_o temptation_n be_v the_o sin_n be_v always_o the_o great_a nor_o need_v the_o defender_n redeem_v his_o own_o blood_n by_o swear_v as_o be_v pretend_v or_o at_o least_o licet_fw-la hoc_fw-la liceat_fw-la licere_fw-la tam_fw-la debet_fw-la per_fw-la modum_fw-la licitum_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la perjurio_fw-la vi_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v doubt_v in_o some_o case_n whether_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o oath_n do_v infer_v perjury_n as_o when_o a_o judge_n give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o shall_v administrat_fw-la justice_n impartial_o or_o a_o advocate_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v honest_a in_o his_o employment_n without_o discover_v his_o client_n secret_a or_o betray_v his_o business_n if_o that_o judge_n take_v money_n as_o a_o bribe_n or_o that_o advocate_n thereafter_o prevaricate_a may_v be_v upon_o these_o account_n pursue_v for_o perjury_n and_o this_o be_v i_o remember_v controvert_v in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v pursue_v upon_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o queen_n mary_n for_o perjury_n because_o he_o be_v allege_v to_o have_v take_v money_n from_o the_o defender_n in_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o this_o can_v not_o infer_v perjury_n be_v argue_v from_o this_o that_o our_o law_n have_v make_v some_o particular_a statute_n as_o to_o perjury_n it_o design_v thereby_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n shall_v not_o in_o this_o crime_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o see_v it_o have_v only_o punish_v perjury_n in_o the_o case_n of_o witness_n assizer_n and_o bigamy_n it_o do_v clear_o follow_v that_o perjury_n deum_fw-la tantum_fw-la habet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la in_o all_o other_o case_n 2._o if_o perjury_n be_v punishable_a in_o this_o case_n tutor_n and_o executor_n who_o find_v caution_n may_v be_v always_o punish_v for_o perjury_n where_o they_o be_v pursuable_a for_o maladministration_n which_o be_v absurd_a and_o be_v never_o practise_v in_o any_o nation_n 3._o when_o such_o oath_n as_o these_o be_v give_v these_o word_n as_o you_o shall_v answer_v to_o god_n be_v ordinary_o adject_v rather_o to_o impress_v a_o fear_n of_o the_o deity_n upon_o the_o swearer_n than_o to_o subject_v he_o by_o the_o oath_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n be_v neither_o thought_n upon_o consider_v by_o the_o administrator_n nor_o the_o swearer_n so_o that_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la agitur_fw-la at_o that_o time_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v always_o look_v to_o in_o punish_v of_o crime_n 4._o if_o consequential_a perjury_n have_v be_v punishable_a as_o formal_a perjury_n there_o need_v no_o act_n to_o have_v be_v make_v declare_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v repute_n and_o punish_v as_o perjury_n see_v it_o be_v such_o by_o consequence_n before_o that_o act._n for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o case_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o divide_v perjury_n in_o formal_a and_o consequential_a perjury_n and_o to_o conclude_v that_o formal_a perjury_n which_o be_v in_o these_o case_n declare_v perjury_n by_o a_o express_a act_n shall_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n but_o that_o consequential_a perjury_n as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o the_o case_n above-written_a shall_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o crime_n but_o as_o a_o aggravation_n for_o see_v in_o these_o the_o perjurer_n do_v not_o formal_o design_n to_o commit_v perjury_n be_v be_v not_o very_o rational_a to_o think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o formal_a punishment_n of_o that_o crime_n which_o distinction_n i_o find_v likewise_o allow_v by_o the_o civilian_n for_o albeit_o formal_a perjury_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o banishment_n and_o infamy_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n die_v by_o that_o perjury_n as_o in_o false-witnessing_a in_o capital_a crime_n the_o perjury_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la punishable_a by_o death_n and_o if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o treason_n it_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n margaret_z wood_n be_v in_o february_n 1631._o pursue_v for_o have_v perjure_v herself_o as_o a_o false_a witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o she_o have_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o examine_v by_o they_o she_o have_v depone_v many_o false_a thing_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o pitcaple_n and_o richard_n mowat_n against_o which_o pursuit_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o she_o 1._o that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v pursue_v as_o a_o false_a witness_n because_o a_o woman_n in_o our_o law_n can_v be_v a_o witness_n and_o consequent_o she_o can_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n 2._o she_o do_v not_o depon_n upon_o oath_n before_o the_o council_n and_o consequent_o she_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n since_o nemo_fw-la
except_o the_o word_n infer_v so_o clear_o a_o injury_n that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o libel_v the_o design_n 3._o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o be_v injure_v do_v present_o resent_v the_o injury_n and_o take_v what_o be_v speak_v for_o a_o injury_n which_o the_o lawyer_n call_v revocatio_fw-la injuriae_fw-la ad_fw-la animum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o this_o dissatisfaction_n be_v signify_v either_o open_o and_o express_o or_o by_o some_o other_o act_n which_o testify_v discontent_a ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la quis_fw-la injuriam_fw-la debet_fw-la ad_fw-la animum_fw-la revocare_fw-la alius_fw-la ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la nihil_fw-la facit_fw-la sed_fw-la injuria_fw-la remissa_fw-la censetur_fw-la §_o ult_n just_a de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o verbal_a injury_n consist_v in_o dissatisfy_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o word_n be_v only_a injury_n if_o they_o be_v so_o take_v and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v take_v at_o first_o to_o be_v no_o injury_n they_o be_v then_o no_o injury_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o a_o injury_n they_o can_v not_o afterward_o become_v such_o since_o than_o injury_n be_v estimat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o design_n of_o the_o offender_n it_o follow_v natural_o that_o man_n who_o be_v fool_n idiot_n very_o young_a or_o very_o drink_v be_v not_o punishable_a for_o verbal_a injury_n except_o the_o offender_n do_v become_v drink_v upon_o design_n to_o offend_v si_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la impetu_fw-la deliquit_fw-la and_o great_a passion_n which_o break_v off_o all_o design_v justa_fw-la &_o non_fw-la affectata_fw-la ira_fw-la excuse_n also_o in_o this_o case_n as_o also_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o object_v true_a crime_n be_v no_o injury_n if_o the_o objecter_n design_v principal_o not_o to_o offend_v the_o person_n guilty_a but_o to_o inform_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o to_o defend_v the_o speaker_n own_o honour_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o account_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o detect_n what_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o much_o concern_v in_o be_v a_o injury_n cravet_fw-la consil_n 145._o and_o upon_o the_o last_o account_n it_o be_v think_v that_o to_o give_v a_o man_n the_o lie_n be_v a_o injury_n but_o that_o it_o be_v no_o injury_n to_o say_v you_o speak_v not_o truth_n for_o in_o the_o one_o we_o defend_v our_o own_o honour_n but_o in_o the_o other_o we_o offend_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o expression_n pass_v for_o a_o expression_n to_o be_v use_v when_o we_o design_v to_o offend_v the_o relate_v likewise_o what_o we_o hear_v from_o good_a author_n who_o design_v no_o prejudice_n be_v sufficient_a also_o to_o defend_v against_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o injurer_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o court_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fab_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr def_n 5._o yet_o sometime_o injury_n be_v infer_v not_o only_o from_o express_a word_n but_o even_o from_o the_o presumptive_a meaning_n of_o the_o speaker_n as_o to_o look_v in_o a_o man_n face_n and_o to_o say_v i_o be_o not_o a_o liar_n as_o other_o be_v afflict_v §_o injuria_fw-la do_fw-mi de_fw-fr parjur_fw-fr firm_a or_o to_o say_v flaunt_o you_o be_v a_o fine_a churchman_n jacob_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la visu_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o iii_o real_a injury_n be_v commit_v by_o hinder_v a_o man_n to_o use_v what_o be_v his_o own_o by_o remove_v his_o seat_n out_o of_o its_o place_n in_o the_o church_n by_o give_v a_o man_n medicament_n which_o may_v affront_v he_o by_o arrest_v his_o stood_n unjust_o by_o wear_v in_o contempt_n what_o belong_v to_o another_o man_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o honour_n by_o raze_v shameful_o a_o man_n hair_n or_o beard_n by_o offer_v to_o strike_v he_o in_o public_a or_o by_o strike_v he_o or_o rive_v or_o abuse_v his_o clothes_n or_o his_o house_n and_o many_o other_o way_n relate_v by_o berlich_n conclus_fw-la 69._o vi_o according_a to_o our_o law_n verbal_a injury_n be_v punish_v only_o by_o the_o commissar_n who_o be_v judices_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la scandal_n be_v a_o church_n censure_n and_o the_o commissar_n do_v inflict_v pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o make_v the_o offender_n do_v penance_n at_o church_n door_n or_o otherways_o nor_o do_v ordinary_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n either_o advocate_n such_o action_n or_o modify_v their_o penalty_n the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o remit_v to_o the_o commissar_n such_o pursuit_n and_o refuse_v to_o try_v verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o private_a person_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o strauchan_n and_o straiton_n but_o if_o the_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v to_o a_o magistrate_n as_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v call_v he_o a_o knave_n or_o a_o fool_n than_o the_o council_n use_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o punish_v even_o verbal_a injury_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n campbel_n and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o inverary_n 1666._o or_o to_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o mr._n alexander_n spotswood_n and_o the_o justice_n clerk_n and_o though_o verbal_a injury_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o they_o be_v not_o pursue_v within_o a_o year_n or_o by_o posterior_n friendship_n for_o the_o law_n be_v most_o desirous_a to_o pass_v by_o such_o imaginary_a crime_n yet_o in_o george_n campbels_n case_n a_o subsequent_a reconciliation_n be_v not_o sustain_v as_o a_o relevant_a exception_n because_o it_o be_v not_o very_o express_v they_o punish_v also_o scandalum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o criminal_a court_n likewise_o punish_v verbal_a injury_n if_o against_o magistrate_n but_o will_v not_o sustain_v a_o pursuit_n against_o private_a person_n for_o though_o ii_o of_o november_n 1672._o aikman_n against_o carnagy_n nor_o will_v they_o sustain_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n for_o call_v a_o minister_n perjure_a with_fw-mi stock_n decis_fw-la 108._o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o brabant_n not_o to_o sustain_v criminal_a action_n for_o word_n except_o they_o be_v speak_v against_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o employment_n vid._n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n real_a injury_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v arbitrary_a v._o infamous_a libel_n libelli_fw-la famosi_fw-la be_v the_o most_o permanent_a of_o all_o injury_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v and_o in_o it_o the_o offender_n show_v more_o design_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o guilty_a he_o who_o write_v dictate_v or_o affix_n infamous_a libel_n or_o cause_n write_v dictat_fw-la or_o affix_v they_o be_v punishable_a he_o who_o find_v a_o infamous_a libel_n and_o show_v it_o though_o to_o one_o only_a be_v punishable_a if_o malice_n or_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v else_o not_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinary_a nor_o more_o innocent_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n then_o to_o show_v such_o libel_n whether_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la &_o animus_n iniuriandi_fw-la a_o design_n to_o offend_v be_v presume_v in_o this_o delict_n or_o must_v be_v prove_v be_v much_o controvert_v bertaz_n consil_n 237._o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v presume_v farin_n quest_n 295._o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o presume_v but_o must_v be_v prove_v and_o i_o incline_v to_o this_o last_o opinion_n see_v infamous_a libel_n be_v not_o now_o so_o much_o resent_v as_o former_o custom_n have_v much_o allay_v the_o picque_n which_o use_v to_o ensue_v thereupon_o and_o that_o custom_n defend_v from_o all_o guilt_n in_o this_o case_n be_v most_o learned_o maintain_v by_o coler_n decis_fw-la 154._o where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o stationer_n be_v absolve_v though_o they_o sell_v infamous_a libel_n because_o all_o stationer_n use_n to_o sell_v such_o many_o thing_n do_v likewise_o in_o this_o case_n lessen_v the_o punishment_n as_o that_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o minor_a be_v provoke_v do_v tear_v it_o before_o it_o be_v full_o write_v or_o after_o it_o be_v affix_v or_o confess_v his_o fault_n and_o say_v he_o do_v it_o only_o out_o of_o passion_n or_o curiosity_n or_o if_o what_o be_v say_v be_v true_a berlich_n conclus_fw-la 67._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o delict_n be_v of_o old_a arbitrary_a paul_n lib._n 5._o scent_n do_fw-mi 14._o but_o be_v make_v capital_a by_o the_o edict_n valentiniani_n &_o valentis_fw-la l._n unic_fw-la c._n the_o famous_a libel_n but_o clar._n make_v it_o arbitrary_a by_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o europe_n and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o present_a in_o scotland_n except_o where_o the_o prince_n be_v abuse_v or_o where_o a_o capital_a crime_n be_v allege_v against_o any_o man_n for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la infamous_a libel_n be_v just_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o thus_o fleeming_n be_v hang_v for_o say_v that_o he_o wish_v that_o the_o king_n will_v shoot_v to_o
be_v because_o diverse_a exception_n be_v former_o propound_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o summons_n whereby_o party_n be_v frustrate_v of_o justice_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o act_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n oblige_v to_o libel_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o commit_n and_o so_o guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v force_v to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o accession_n which_o seem_v unjust_a to_o the_o parliament_n because_o as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o accuser_n can_v not_o know_v all_o the_o accession_n before_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o witness_n prodere_fw-la testimonium_fw-la to_o declare_v what_o they_o will_v depon_n and_o this_o make_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v exact_o whereas_o if_o he_o err_v in_o exact_a libel_v the_o panel_n or_o defender_n be_v assoilzy_v because_o the_o probation_n do_v not_o quadrat_fw-la with_o the_o libel_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o person_n be_v accuse_v for_o accession_n to_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o a._n b._n to_o kill_v he_o possible_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a of_o accession_n though_o not_o by_o give_v direction_n yet_o by_o counsel_v a._n b._n or_o by_o direct_v p._n or_o any_o other_o to_o commit_v murder_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a and_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v condemn_v because_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o such_o a_o general_a libel_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v relevant_a since_o it_o be_v as_o reasonable_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n that_o a_o person_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o generality_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v likeas_n the_o defender_n seem_v by_o this_o preclude_v of_o many_o defence_n which_o will_v be_v competent_a to_o he_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v more_o special_a and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o libel_n must_v condescend_v special_o upon_o the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o accession_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o inconvenient_a be_v that_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o condescendency_n which_o infer_v art_n &_o part_n albeit_o many_o question_n in_o jure_fw-la be_v there_o start_v which_o be_v very_o intricat_a and_o which_o have_v trouble_v the_o great_a and_o most_o accurate_a doctor_n for_o by_o our_o practic_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o libel_n art_n and_o part_n will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v how_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n or_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o sinclar_n instance_n against_o captain_n barclay_n but_o the_o libel_n be_v relevant_a when_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o defender_n must_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o probation_n be_v thereupon_o lead_v in_o which_o many_o impertinent_a and_o irrelevant_a interrogator_n be_v propound_v whereas_o if_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n no_o impertinent_a interrogator_fw-la will_v be_v allow_v since_o nothing_o can_v be_v interrogated_a but_o what_o be_v find_v to_o depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o accession_n which_o be_v find_v relevant_a as_o also_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o advocat_n upon_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o debate_v the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o probation_n and_o how_o far_o the_o accession_n be_v relevant_a and_o here_o law_n decision_n and_o doctor_n be_v allege_v to_o assizer_n who_o understand_v neither_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n be_v libel_v probable_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v interrogat_n if_o the_o witness_n hear_v the_o defender_n say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v kill_v be_v stab_v or_o approve_v the_o murder_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v upon_o which_o much_o debate_n may_v arise_v for_o the_o defender_n procurator_n will_v contend_v that_o the_o article_n be_v not_o relevant_a and_o though_o the_o justice_n do_v allow_v or_o the_o assizer_n do_v desire_v that_o the_o witness_n shall_v answer_v to_o these_o interrogator_n as_o they_o usual_o allow_v all_o interrogator_n reserve_v the_o relevancy_n to_o be_v debate_v after_o probation_n be_v conclude_v then_o a_o learned_a debate_n will_v ensue_v before_o the_o assizer_n after_o close_v of_o the_o probation_n upon_o these_o point_n so_o that_o the_o assizer_n be_v against_o the_o intention_n even_o of_o our_o law_n judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o to_o the_o point_n of_o law_n by_o who_o ignorance_n also_o the_o liedge_n be_v ofttimes_o much_o prejudge_v but_o when_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n to_o have_v the_o relevancy_n of_o his_o condescendency_n judge_v by_o the_o justice_n he_o use_v to_o libel_v that_o the_o defender_n be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o give_v order_n or_o advise_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o etc._n etc._n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n be_v special_o condescend_v upon_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v judge_n to_o all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v general_o that_o the_o complice_n be_v art_n and_o part_n yet_o the_o libel_n must_v bear_v express_o who_o be_v complice_n for_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o libel_v who_o be_v complice_n general_o but_o their_o name_n and_o designation_n must_v be_v specify_v k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o act_n 76._o because_o the_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o art_n and_o part_n and_o that_o the_o debate_v make_v to_o the_o assize_n be_v not_o upon_o record_n be_v only_o deliver_v viva_fw-la voce_fw-la therefore_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o decision_n here_o adduce_v for_o clear_v the_o relevancy_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dittay_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o liege_n who_o may_v be_v assizer_n may_v understand_v what_o accession_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v a_o guilt_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o one_o may_v be_v art_n and_o part_n by_o deed_n precede_v the_o crime_n either_o by_o counsel_n or_o command_v consilio_fw-la aut_fw-la mandato_fw-la by_o deed_n concomitate_v the_o crime_n as_o by_o help_n or_o by_o countenance_v open_a &_o assistentia_fw-la or_o by_o deed_n subsequent_a to_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o by_o ratihabit_v or_o recept_v all_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v separat_o iii_o how_o far_o the_o advise_v and_o counsel_v a_o man_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o accession_n and_o art_n and_o part_n of_o that_o crime_n be_v thus_o resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n if_o say_v they_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o however_o and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v advise_v thereto_o than_o the_o adviser_n be_v not_o liable_a so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o committer_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v whereas_o if_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n will_v not_o have_v commit_v and_o perpetrate_v the_o crime_n if_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v that_o advice_n than_o the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v clar._n quest_n 89._o but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o opinion_n for_o since_o the_o adviser_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o have_v the_o crime_n commit_v and_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v he_o be_v sure_o as_o guilty_a as_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v it_o see_v in_o crime_n we_o look_v to_o the_o design_n and_o not_o to_o the_o event_n in_o maleficiis_fw-la spectatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la non_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o maleficia_fw-la propositum_fw-la distingut_n at_o least_o the_o adviser_n be_v equal_o guilty_a whether_o it_o have_v be_v commit_v with_o or_o without_o his_o advice_n even_o as_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a in_o case_n of_o assistance_n though_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v be_v commit_v without_o his_o assistance_n nor_o be_v guilt_n spare_v by_o lessen_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v whether_o the_o committer_n will_v have_v commit_v it_o without_o the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n give_v other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n the_o adviser_n and_o committer_n be_v equal_o punishable_a which_o certain_o hold_v in_o treason_n but_o that_o in_o lesser_a crime_n the_o adviser_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v then_o the_o actor_n and_o this_o distinction_n i_o like_v better_o and_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o our_o practic_n in_o our_o law_n advice_n and_o counsel_n come_v under_o art_n for_o advice_n be_v a_o species_n of_o contrivance_n and_o art_n and_o
of_o that_o place_n where_o the_o delinquent_n dwell_v may_v proceed_v to_o try_v a_o crime_n commit_v without_o his_o own_o territory_n though_o the_o party_n injure_v do_v not_o insist_v against_o which_o distinction_n though_o it_o be_v more_o plausible_a than_o the_o other_o distinction_n yet_o the_o former_a argument_n do_v likewise_o conclude_v the_o three_o conclusion_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n dwell_v may_v proceed_v against_o he_o not_o only_o if_o they_o find_v he_o present_v but_o though_o he_o be_v absent_a l._n 1._o &_o authen_n qua_fw-la in_o provincia_fw-la c._n ubi_fw-la de_fw-la crim_fw-la and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o castil_n and_o naples_n carlev_n num_fw-la 747._o and_o thus_o the_o lord_n sustain_v a_o improbation_n against_o burghtown_n in_o july_n 1672._o though_o the_o deed_n forge_v concern_v a_o irish_a estate_n and_o though_o burghtown_n dwell_v then_o in_o ireland_n though_o he_o be_v cite_v in_o scotland_n iii_o vagabond_n may_v be_v punish_v where_o ever_o they_o be_v apprehend_v for_o have_v no_o certain_a domicile_fw-fr every_o place_n be_v in_o ipsorum_fw-la praejudicium_fw-la allow_v to_o be_v their_o domicile_fw-la boss._n de_fw-fr foro_fw-la compet_n num_fw-la 69._o and_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o vagabond_n who_o have_v no_o certain_a dwell_n licet_fw-la habeat_fw-la domicilium_fw-la originis_fw-la these_o our_o law_n call_v dustifoot_n and_o such_o be_v our_o egyptian_n study_v beggar_n who_o though_o they_o may_v pretend_v to_o have_v a_o dwelling_n to_o which_o they_o may_v sometime_o retâ—re_v yet_o since_o ordinary_o they_o use_v to_o wander_v and_o do_v thing_n unlawful_a they_o ought_v to_o have_v no_o benefit_n by_o that_o domicile_a iv._o by_o the_o cannon_n law_n and_o in_o all_o the_o romish_a church_n as_o ecclesiastic_a person_n can_v be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n juge_v by_o the_o secular_a judge_n but_o though_o this_o subject_n may_v afford_v matter_n of_o curious_a inquiry_n yet_o i_o will_v not_o dip_v into_o it_o since_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o anno._n 1662._o find_v that_o mr._n james_n guthry_n may_v be_v try_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n for_o word_n speak_v by_o he_o in_o pulpit_n and_o as_o a_o minister_n albeit_o he_o allege_v that_o this_o doctrine_n shall_v have_v be_v try_v first_o by_o a_o church_n judicatur_fw-la for_o the_o parliament_n think_v that_o this_o may_v give_v too_o great_a liberty_n to_o minister_n and_o may_v encourage_v they_o by_o adhere_v no_o one_o another_o to_o inveigh_v against_o and_o disturb_v the_o civil_a government_n at_o their_o pleasure_n for_o if_o eclesiastick_a person_n can_v not_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o secular_a power_n till_o first_o the_o church_n judicatur_n do_v consider_v the_o doctrine_n then_o if_o these_o church_n judicatur_n do_v approve_v the_o doctrine_n it_o can_v not_o thereafter_o be_v find_v treason_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n v._o where_o many_o judge_n be_v competent_a they_o may_v preveen_v one_o another_o and_o prevention_n be_v defyne_v to_o be_v anticipatio_fw-la sive_fw-la praeoccupatio_fw-la usus_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la alicujus_fw-la judicis_fw-la circa_fw-la causam_fw-la aliquam_fw-la antequamalius_fw-la judex_fw-la circa_fw-la eam_fw-la jurisdictione_n utatur_fw-la prevention_n be_v when_o one_o judge_n interpose_v his_o authority_n or_o when_o a_o trial_n be_v enter_v upon_o by_o one_o judge_n before_o another_o judge_n do_v exerce_fw-la any_o action_n of_o jurisdiction_n about_o that_o subject_n prevention_n may_v be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o judge_n or_o by_o the_o party_n and_o prevention_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o raise_v of_o a_o libel_n without_o citation_n decian_a lib._n 4._o cap._n 21._o but_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o a_o citation_n or_o by_o the_o first_o citation_n in_o writ_n where_o more_o citation_n be_v requisite_a and_o by_o apprehend_v the_o malefactor_n because_o as_o carleval_n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la num_fw-la 881._o observe_n deed_n be_v strong_a prevention_n than_o word_n or_o writ_n prevention_n be_v likewise_o infer_v by_o the_o receive_n of_o witness_n in_o order_n to_o a_o inquisition_n ibid._n it_o seem_v that_o the_o allow_v and_o state_v deed_n from_o which_o prevention_n be_v infer_v by_o our_o law_n be_v only_o these_o which_o be_v enumerate_v by_o the_o 29._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o viz._n apprehend_v of_o the_o offender_n person_n and_o execute_v a_o summons_n against_o he_o to_o underlay_v the_o law_n and_o therefore_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o receive_v of_o witness_n or_o inquisition_n it_o appear_v that_o these_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v prevention_n in_o our_o law_n in_o the_o competition_n of_o this_o prevention_n when_o one_o judge_n have_v do_v one_o deed_n and_o another_o juâ—ge_n have_v do_v another_o the_o ordinary_a conclusion_n for_o peference_n be_v 1._o that_o when_o one_o judge_n use_v first_o real_a citation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v appehend_v the_o offender_n and_o the_o other_o a_o verbal_a or_o citation_n by_o writ_n the_o real_a be_v prefer_v 2._o when_o the_o one_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n use_v a_o real_a by_o capture_z and_o the_o other_o a_o write_a citation_n he_o who_o have_v take_v the_o malefactor_n be_v prefer_v 3._o where_o the_o one_o have_v first_o use_v the_o citation_n and_o the_o other_o have_v apprehend_v the_o delinquent_n though_o many_o lawyer_n do_v prefer_v the_o judge_n who_o apprehend_v yet_o the_o judge_n who_o fiâ—st_v cite_v will_v be_v prefer_v in_o our_o law_n and_o if_o a_o citation_n be_v a_o way_n of_o prevention_n as_o be_v say_v former_o i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o jus_o quaesitum_fw-la by_o that_o prevention_n can_v be_v thereafter_o take_v away_o for_o though_o it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o judge_n will_v be_v thus_o encourage_v to_o take_v malefactor_n which_o be_v a_o great_a benefit_n than_o the_o cite_v they_o be_v yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o judge_n to_o concur_v to_o take_v malefactor_n though_o cite_v by_o other_o judge_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o foresay_a statute_n the_o judge_n who_o apprehend_v the_o malefactor_n before_o the_o other_o cite_v he_o do_v preveen_v the_o citer_fw-la it_o be_v agree_v to_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o when_o two_o competent_a judge_n do_v both_o proceed_v to_o a_o trial_n and_o both_o be_v equal_o found_v in_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o diligence_n that_o then_o he_o who_o pursue_v for_o the_o great_a crime_n ought_v first_o to_o proceed_v in_o his_o trial_n because_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o concern_v to_o have_v a_o great_a crime_n punish_v than_o a_o small_a crime_n which_o they_o extend_v not_o only_a where_o the_o crime_n be_v different_a but_o even_o where_o the_o one_o be_v aggradge_v by_o more_o atrocious_a circumstance_n than_o the_o other_o as_o if_o the_o one_o shall_v pursue_v for_o wound_v and_o the_o other_o for_o wound_v in_o the_o night_n or_o in_o a_o ambush_n boss._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 102._o and_o he_o who_o preveen_n by_o cite_v one_o of_o many_o complice_n do_v preveen_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la all_o as_o also_o he_o who_o once_o cite_v he_o who_o give_v order_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n do_v likewise_o preveen_v all_o judge_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o committer_n because_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o divide_v and_o ordinary_o the_o defence_n be_v common_a defence_n boss._n num_fw-la 109._o but_o i_o think_v this_o conclusion_n shall_v not_o hold_v except_z the_o other_o judge_n be_v present_o ready_a to_o pursue_v for_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o crime_n be_v speedy_o punish_v though_o a_o judge_n competent_a have_v once_o fix_v his_o process_n by_o prevention_n yet_o if_o thereafter_o he_o be_v in_o mora_fw-la the_o other_o judge_n who_o have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o he_o may_v proceed_v for_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o prevention_n he_o have_v design_v to_o exclude_v the_o other_o judge_n mere_o in_o collusion_n with_o the_o delinquent_n novem_n 9_o 1672._o scot_n contra_fw-la riddel_n if_o prevention_n be_v not_o proponed_a either_o by_o the_o party_n or_o the_o judge_n the_o process_n and_o sentence_n will_v be_v valid_a though_o lead_v before_o the_o judge_n that_o be_v preven_v when_o judge_n ought_v to_o remit_v delinquent_n to_o other_o who_o be_v more_o competent_a be_v full_o set_v down_o title_n regality_n title_n iii_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o crime_n 1._o the_o parliament_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o crime_n even_o where_o the_o panel_n be_v absent_a 2._o forefeiture_n in_o parliament_n can_v be_v quarrel_v before_o any_o inferior_a judge_n 3._o whether_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a i._o since_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o supreme_a judicatory_a it_o may_v certain_o cognosce_fw-la all_o
allowable_a if_o the_o tennent_n after_o count_n oblige_v himself_o to_o remove_v and_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o his_o master_n to_o enter_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la if_o he_o pay_v not_o what_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v due_a for_o there_o the_o precede_a count_n be_v equivalant_n to_o a_o declarator_n and_o the_o party_n eject_v be_v not_o prejudge_v otherwise_o then_o by_o his_o own_o not_o payment_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n the_o 19_o of_o december_n 1661._o find_v not_o the_o countess_n of_o murray_n liable_a to_o aspoilzie_n for_o eject_v dewer_n her_o tennent_n because_o dewer_n have_v by_o a_o count_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v debtor_n in_o such_o a_o sum_n and_o by_o a_o bond_n oblige_v himself_o to_o remove_v betwixt_o and_o a_o particular_a day_n and_o if_o he_o fail_v declare_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o countess_n to_o enter_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la to_o the_o possession_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n he_o who_o violent_o intromit_v even_o with_o what_o be_v his_o own_o lose_v thereby_o his_o property_n in_o it_o the_o next_o defence_n be_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v immediate_o before_o possess_v himself_o violent_o and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o defender_n to_o recover_v his_o possession_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la nam_fw-la vim_o vi_fw-la licet_fw-la repellere_fw-la and_o the_o law_n sustain_v this_o defence_n l._n 3._o â—_o 9_o &_o l._n 17._o ff_n eod_a and_o explain_v that_o to_o be_v ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la factum_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la priusquam_fw-la ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la negotium_fw-la fuerit_fw-la recessum_fw-la what_o time_n shall_v be_v allow_v for_o repel_v violence_n be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n for_o violence_n commit_v by_o a_o great_a man_n require_v more_o time_n for_o reparation_n to_o redress_v it_o then_o when_o it_o be_v commit_v by_o a_o private_a person_n for_o friend_n must_v be_v convocat_n and_o arm_n prepare_v as_o bart._n and_o the_o glos._n instance_n upon_o the_o former_a law_n but_o in_o personal_a injury_n id_fw-la tantum_fw-la diciturex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la fieri_fw-la quod_fw-la fit_a in_o ipso_fw-la flagranti_fw-la crimine_fw-la iv._o the_o violent_a ejection_n of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n out_o of_o their_o possession_n be_v pursue_v either_o by_o a_o action_n mere_o civil_a which_o in_o moveable_n be_v call_v spoilzie_a in_o land_n ejection_n which_o the_o civil_a law_n term_n still_o dejectio_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ejectio_fw-la or_o criminal_o as_o a_o riot_n which_o be_v a_o mix_a action_n partly_o civil_a partly_o criminal_a when_o spoilzy_n or_o ejection_n be_v civil_o pursue_v the_o conclusion_n be_v violent_a profit_n which_o be_v the_o double_a rent_n of_o the_o land_n and_o restitution_n of_o the_o thing_n crave_v but_o when_o this_o be_v pursue_v as_o a_o riot_n the_o punishment_n be_v arbitrary_a as_o be_v also_o the_o criminal_a punishment_n the_o civil_a action_n prescribe_v in_o three_o year_n k._n ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 8._o but_o the_o action_n of_o riot_n or_o criminal_a action_n prescribe_v not_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o these_o action_n prescribe_v not_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o conclusion_n of_o restitution_n see_v that_o be_v a_o civil_a conclusion_n and_o it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o the_o maxim_n spoliatus_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la est_fw-la restituendus_fw-la lose_v its_o vigour_n after_o that_o time_n so_o that_o one_o pursue_v for_o a_o riotous_a ejection_n or_o spoilzie_a may_v allege_v that_o no_o riot_n can_v be_v conclude_v see_v the_o thing_n or_o land_n controvert_v be_v his_o own_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n in_o its_o own_o place_n whether_o the_o one_o of_o these_o action_n do_v exclude_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o other_o reparation_n so_o that_o he_o who_o pursue_v the_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n or_o ejection_n can_v thereafter_o pursue_v a_o riot_n or_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o the_o civil_a law_n decide_v it_o thus_o that_o quando_fw-la &_o una_fw-la &_o altera_fw-la tendunt_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la tunc_fw-la una_fw-la agitur_fw-la ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la altera_fw-la vero_fw-la ad_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la rei_fw-la familiaris_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o have_v obtain_v a_o decreet_a of_o ejection_n imp_v not_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o intent_n a_o action_n or_o criminal_a pursuit_n but_o after_o a_o decreet_a obtain_v for_o the_o riot_n a_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v intent_a for_o these_o respiciunt_fw-la vindictam_fw-la v._o the_o council_n cognose_n likewise_o upon_o crime_n by_o way_n of_o precognition_n which_o they_o do_v in_o two_o case_n 1._o where_o considerable_a person_n be_v interest_v in_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o noble_a man_n or_o clann_n where_o there_o be_v a_o hazard_n of_o aliment_v the_o feud_n by_o remit_v the_o criminal_o to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n wherefore_o to_o prevent_v future_a resentment_n and_o cement_v old_a difference_n the_o council_n in_o quorum_n tutela_fw-la est_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la cognosce_fw-la upon_o the_o crime_n and_o remit_v much_o of_o the_o ordinary_a rigour_n the_o 2._o case_n be_v when_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o ciâ—cumstantiat_fw-la that_o it_o require_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o lessen_v of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n the_o form_n in_o precognition_n be_v that_o either_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o council_n which_o can_v be_v grant_v but_o in_o praesentia_fw-la deduce_v the_o case_n and_o represent_v what_o danger_n be_v like_a to_o ensue_v quo_fw-la casu_fw-la letter_n be_v direct_v ordain_v the_o other_o party_n to_o be_v cite_v and_o both_o â—_z to_o cite_v such_o witness_n and_o probation_n as_o they_o will_v use_v or_o else_o if_o no_o application_n be_v make_v the_o council_n ordain_v letter_n to_o be_v direct_a cite_v both_o party_n his_o majesty_n have_v with_o consent_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v that_o the_o justice-court_n shall_v be_v serve_v by_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v because_o of_o their_o number_n and_o ability_n discharge_v all_o precognition_n in_o their_o commission_n and_o yet_o because_o these_o precognition_n be_v not_o discharge_v in_o the_o commission_n grant_v to_o the_o council_n the_o council_n do_v sustain_v themselves_o judge_n competent_a to_o precognition_n their_o commission_n bear_v to_o be_v as_o full_a and_o to_o give_v they_o as_o much_o power_n as_o any_o former_a council_n have_v but_o real_o it_o be_v happy_a for_o this_o nation_n that_o we_o want_v all_o precognition_n since_o thereby_o the_o delinquent_n have_v power_n to_o choose_v such_o diet_n as_o he_o please_v and_o so_o may_v pursue_v his_o precognition_n when_o he_o know_v the_o witness_n who_o can_v prove_v his_o guilt_n be_v absent_a or_o may_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o absent_v themselves_o for_o some_o time_n and_o this_o be_v ordinary_o practise_v nor_o have_v i_o ever_o see_v any_o who_o pursue_v a_o precognition_n bring_v to_o condign_a punishment_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o there_o be_v some_o case_n wherein_o the_o severity_n of_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v remit_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o lessen_v circumstance_n wherein_o equity_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o blunt_a the_o edge_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n either_o upon_o a_o special_a commission_n for_o try_v the_o merit_n of_o the_o panel_n pretence_n or_o alter_v that_o the_o justice_n have_v hear_v all_o that_o will_v be_v legal_o urge_v by_o either_o party_n in_o a_o full_a trial_n they_o may_v delay_v the_o execution_n and_o make_v report_n to_o his_o majesty_n of_o the_o just_a state_n of_o the_o case_n the_o council_n likewise_o sometime_o inflict_v punishment_n without_o recognition_n by_o way_n of_o citation_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o giles_n there_o englishman_n who_o be_v incarcerat_a as_o accessary_a to_o the_o death_n of_o mr._n bedford_n in_o lie_v and_o as_o guilty_a of_o adultery_n with_o mistress_n hamiltoun_n wife_n to_o the_o say_v bedford_n there_o do_v upon_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o council_n wherein_o he_o confess_v the_o adultery_n but_o deny_v the_o murder_n which_o mistress_n hamiltoun_n have_v likewise_o at_o her_o death_n acquit_v he_o of_o obtain_v himself_o banish_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n by_o who_o he_o have_v certain_o die_v as_o guilty_a of_o notour_n adultery_n 1665._o vi_o the_o council_n name_n likewise_o assessor_n to_o the_o justice_n before_o the_o trial_n these_o the_o grecian_a lawyer_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o sometime_o they_o discharge_v or_o continue_a yet_n after_o sentence_n also_o the_o council_n upon_o application_n make_v to_o they_o do_v either_o mitigat_n the_o punishment_n not_o only_a where_o it_o be_v arbitrary_a but_o even_o where_o it_o be_v statutory_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o brown_n who_o they_o ordain_v only_o to_o pay_v 100_o
potest_fw-la amirans_fw-la marinas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quae_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la causa_fw-la ineuntur_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr celebrantur_fw-la delicta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la necessitate_v intra_fw-la mar_v be_v fluxum_fw-la perpetrari_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o scotland_n the_o dean_n of_o gilled_a be_v as_o walwood_n observe_v tit_n 23._o ordinary_a judge_n of_o old_a betwixt_o mariner_n and_o merchand_n likeas_n the_o waterbailiff_n betwixt_o mariner_n and_o mariner_n and_o the_o justice-general_a be_v judge_n in_o criminal_n but_o now_o no_o judge_n may_v meddle_v say_v he_o with_o the_o admiral_n cause_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n and_o that_o by_o commission_n in_o difficult_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o action_n antoni_fw-la de_fw-fr latour_n against_o christian_a marteis_fw-la 6._o of_o november_n 1642._o ii_o in_o october_n 1635._o bernard_n gilermo_n and_o some_o spanish_a dutch_a and_o french_a pirate_n be_v apprehend_v mr._n james_n robertson_n then_o admiral-deput_a crave_v that_o the_o council_n will_v name_v assessor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o foreigner_n and_o they_o be_v name_v a_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o register_n of_o the_o admiralty_n give_v it_o that_o title_n be_v keep_v at_o irwine_n and_o these_o pirate_n indict_v and_o hang_v for_o piracy_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o french_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a merchand_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v receive_v witness_n else_o these_o crim_n at_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o trial_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n as_o before_o the_o justice_n iii_o by_o the_o martim_fw-la law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n who_o take_v a_o pirate_n in_o the_o ocean_n to_o hang_v he_o at_o the_o main-yard_n because_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o ocean_n be_v within_o no_o man_n jurisdiction_n &_o so_o every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n but_o this_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a for_o thus_o man_n may_v execute_v their_o revenge_n in_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o may_v make_v innocent_a man_n pirate_n for_o their_o private_a advantage_n and_o judicatur_n be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n and_o upon_o that_o pretext_n man_n may_v as_o well_o adjudge_v prize_n take_v upon_o the_o ocean_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v on_o her_o voyage_n to_o remote_a place_n as_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n can_v keep_v the_o pirate_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o harbour_n they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n execute_v they_o at_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o self-defence_n and_o necessity_n make_v law_n but_o i_o think_v this_o necessity_n must_v be_v prove_v vid._n grot._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 20_o §_o 14._o and_o for_o this_o same_o reason_n i_o differ_v from_o that_o author_n who_o assert_n num_fw-la 12._o that_n if_o the_o taker_n bring_v a_o pirate_n to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o delay_n justice_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n must_v lose_v than_o the_o taker_n may_v execute_v justice_n himself_o for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v every_o man_n judge_n not_o only_o of_o the_o pirate_n but_o of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o application_n be_v make_v and_o a_o private_a person_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n delay_v or_o deny_v justice_n against_o such_o as_o we_o pretend_v do_v either_o rob_v or_o affront_v we_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o ourselves_o contrary_a to_o many_o law_n and_o particular_o to_o l._n nullus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr judaeis_n the_o same_o learned_a author_n juris_fw-la maritimi_fw-la do_v tell_v we_o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 14._o that_n if_o a_o spaniard_n rob_v a_o frenchman_n on_o the_o high_a sea_n both_o their_o prince_n be_v in_o amity_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o england_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o enland_n the_o frenchman_n may_v proceed_v against_o the_o spaniard_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v intra_fw-la prasidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n the_o same_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o can_v proceed_v criminal_o but_o the_o taker_n must_v resort_v to_o the_o pirate_n own_o country_n or_o where_o he_o carry_v the_o ship_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o pirate_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o any_o nation_n for_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o deprehend_v commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n within_o which_o he_o be_v deprehend_v and_o so_o seem_v not_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n nec_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la nec_fw-la originis_fw-la nec_fw-la domicilii_fw-la yet_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o nation_n be_v of_o all_o nation_n as_o vagabond_n be_v and_o he_o who_o be_v a_o equal_a enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n commit_v a_o crime_n against_o every_o nation_n iv._o though_o the_o admiral_n criminal_a jurisdiction_n extend_v no_o further_a than_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a yet_o he_o be_v some_o time_n judge_v ratione_fw-la contingentiae_fw-la &_o ob_fw-la continentiam_fw-la causae_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n rescue_v a_o pirate_n out_o of_o prison_n though_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v without_o flood-mark_a yet_o the_o admiral_n be_v judge_n because_o it_o have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o arise_v from_o the_o principal_a crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v judge_n and_o if_o the_o admiral_n begin_v to_o present_a pirate_n or_o malefactor_n at_o sea_n he_o may_v continue_v his_o pursuit_n and_o apprehend_v they_o at_o land_n and_o without_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o he_o must_v in_o that_o case_n seek_v concurrence_n from_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n locen_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o v._o though_o the_o admiral_n have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n yet_o some_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v not_o this_o proper_o as_o admiral_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o justiciary_a contain_v in_o his_o gift_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o admiral_n proceed_v to_o thy_o crime_n the_o court_n be_v not_o call_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n simple_o as_o in_o other_o case_n but_o the_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n it_o be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o admiral_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_a crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o they_o and_o may_v preveen_v and_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v clear_a for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1613._o the_o justice_n do_v hang_v one_o john_n davidson_n and_o john_n allows_v english_a pirate_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1610._o they_o hang_v peter_n love_n john_n cock_n and_o other_o likewise_o english_a pirate_n which_o last_o be_v hang_v upon_o their_o own_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v hang_v within_o flood-mark_a i_o have_v likewise_o see_v the_o justice_n advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n court_n but_o whether_o the_o admiral_n sentence_n in_o criminal_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o criminal_a court_n as_o their_o sentence_n in_o civil_n can_v be_v reduce_v before_o the_o session_n i_o will_v not_o determine_v title_n x._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o churchman_n 2._o our_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n 3._o how_o far_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o improbation_n i._o churchman_n be_v discharge_v to_o sit_v judge_n in_o crime_n and_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n give_v they_o audientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la do_fw-mi c._n the_o episcop_n 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a_o slander_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o
statute_n in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1560._o but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o statute_n and_o one_o colleague_n with_o we_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o another_o and_o why_o not_o then_o judge_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v suspect_v as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n or_o if_o he_o have_v repel_v a_o just_a defence_n or_o as_o be_v severe_a above_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o that_o he_o be_v incompetent_a the_o case_n pursue_v be_v only_o proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n treason_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n but_o sometime_o though_o the_o first_o libel_n have_v infer_v treason_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o peddy_n january_n 1667._o yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v restrict_n his_o action_n to_o damnage_v and_o interest_n but_o will_v desert_v the_o diet_n as_o to_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o may_v be_v sustain_v 5._o 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the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n shall_v intimate_fw-la to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v in_o the_o justice-court_n what_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n be_v in_o inferior_a court_n the_o office_n of_o both_o be_v to_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la v._o the_o old_a custom_n be_v as_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n judge_v all_o the_o advocation_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n even_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o very_o judicious_a lawyer_n do_v yet_o hold_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v competent_a judge_n in_o cause_n advocate_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a court_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v cognosce_fw-la whether_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v advocate_n and_o if_o they_o sustain_v the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n that_o they_o shall_v 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court_n upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o accusation_n be_v for_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a which_o be_v treason_n in_o our_o law_n to_o the_o which_o crime_n of_o treason_n none_o but_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o which_o advocation_n these_o point_n be_v necessary_o debate_v 1._o whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n to_o treason_n 2._o whether_o though_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o statutory_a treason_n 3._o whether_o though_o burn_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v treason_n by_o statute_n yet_o if_o drown_v of_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o statute_n all_o which_o point_n be_v indagationis_fw-la criminalis_fw-la and_o these_o who_o can_v judge_v such_o point_n may_v judge_v any_o criminal_a case_n likeas_n both_o by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a stile_n of_o advocation_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o criminal_a court_n the_o letter_n bear_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o consider_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o advocation_n caution_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o justice_n have_v be_v in_o constant_a possession_n of_o judge_v such_o reason_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v not_o judge_n to_o crime_n yet_o the_o case_n of_o competency_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v proper_a to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o lord_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v nor_o just_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o this_o case_n be_v civil_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o necessary_a a_o contingency_n with_o what_o be_v criminal_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o advocation_n wherein_o their_o own_o â—urisdiction_n be_v controvert_v why_o shall_v this_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o such_o supreme_a judge_n be_v above_o suspicion_n especial_o since_o they_o can_v gain_v nothing_o by_o their_o jurisdiction_n title_n xviii_o of_o inquisition_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o inquisition_n and_o when_o it_o be_v competent_a 2._o the_o king_n and_o party_n may_v pursue_v separat_o 3._o citation_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la when_o competent_a i._o when_o a_o crime_n be_v commit_v the_o council_n or_o the_o justice_n do_v of_o old_a take_v a_o previous_a inquisition_n of_o it_o by_o examine_v witness_n and_o take_v such_o other_o information_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o these_o deposition_n and_o examination_n be_v call_v informationes_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n but_o though_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n before_o the_o intent_v of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v once_o intent_a the_o justice_n find_v the_o 8._o of_o january_n 1672._o that_o they_o can_v not_o examine_v witness_n for_o the_o inquisition_n end_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o pursuit_n &_o ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la accusatio_fw-la desinit_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la the_o doctor_n be_v very_o profuse_a on_o this_o subject_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o excerpt_v from_o they_o what_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o form_n and_o practice_n they_o define_v inquisition_n to_o be_v a_o information_n of_o the_o crime_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n own_o authority_n &_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o they_o divide_v it_o in_o a_o general_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v of_o the_o crime_n in_o general_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a informer_n or_o defender_n and_o a_o special_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v against_o a_o particular_a person_n of_o who_o guilt_n they_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o judge_n can_v proceed_v against_o any_o private_a
make_v thereanent_a and_o if_o he_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n initimation_n be_v always_o make_v by_o you_o to_o we_o of_o the_o find_v thereof_o that_o you_o summon_v a_o assize_n hereto_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 45._o person_n together_o with_o sick_a witness_n as_o best_o know_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o premise_n who_o name_n you_o shall_v receive_v in_o the_o roll_n subscribe_v by_o the_o complainer_n or_o either_o of_o they_o ilk_fw-mi person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o 100_o mark_n as_o you_o will_v answer_v to_o we_o exit_fw-la deliberatione_n the_o form_n of_o a_o indictment_n be_v thus_o a_o indictment_n for_o sameikle_a as_o the_o abominable_a vile_a and_o filthy_a vice_n of_o incest_n be_v so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o be_v the_o same_o eternal_a god_n his_o express_a word_n so_o clear_o condemn_v therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n out_o of_o his_o godly_a disposition_n and_o zeal_n by_o diverse_a his_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_o statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n commit_v the_o say_v abominable_a crime_n of_o incest_n shall_v be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o the_o say_n act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o the_o say_v a.b._n be_v marry_v with_o his_o lawful_a spouse_n daughter_n to_o c._n most_o shameful_o but_o fear_v of_o god_n or_o respect_n to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n law_n have_v give_v the_o use_n of_o his_o body_n to_o d._n his_o wife_n â—ister_n in_o the_o month_n of_o 〈…〉_z in_o he_o and_o her_o journey_v betwixt_o the_o burgh_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o the_o town_n of_o elgin_n and_o within_o the_o say_a town_n of_o elgin_n in_o the_o which_o filthy_a and_o incestuous_a copulation_n she_o have_v procreate_v a_o bairn_n commit_v therethrough_a the_o say_v filthy_a crime_n of_o incest_n and_o adultery_n to_o the_o high_a offence_n and_o displeasure_n of_o almighty_n god_n violation_n of_o the_o king_n majesti_n law_n and_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o to_o run_v in_o the_o like_o filthy_a and_o abominable_a vice_n if_o the_o famine_n be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v unpunished_a as_o at_o length_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o say_a dittay_n produce_v against_o he_o etc._n etc._n v._o the_o summons_n shall_v be_v execute_v only_o by_o a_o messenger_n at_o arm_n or_o by_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o 125._o act_n parl._n 12._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o letter_n and_o summons_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v only_o by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n or_o by_o macer_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o macer_n of_o the_o criminal_a court_n for_o the_o macer_n of_o the_o council_n or_o exchequer_n or_o session_n can_v execute_v any_o other_o summons_n but_o what_o be_v pursue_v before_o these_o respective_a court_n to_o which_o they_o be_v macer_n the_o form_n of_o the_o execution_n be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o full_a copy_n of_o the_o letter_n deliver_v to_o the_o defender_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v or_o if_o he_o can_v be_v personal_o apprehend_v to_o his_o wife_n or_o servant_n or_o affix_v upon_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o dwell_a house_n if_o he_o any_o have_v and_o proclamation_n at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o a_o copy_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o person_n than_o two_o and_o all_o be_v call_v for_o one_o deed_n and_o crime_n in_o that_o case_n two_o of_o the_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o two_o of_o the_o principal_n name_v in_o the_o say_a letter_n or_o their_o wife_n etc._n etc._n in_o manner_n foresay_a be_v sufficient_a q_o m._n 6._o p._n cap_n 33._o but_o if_o the_o person_n live_v in_o shire_n or_o country_n ubi_fw-la non_fw-la patet_fw-la tutus_fw-la accessus_fw-la the_o bill_n whereupon_o the_o letter_n pass_v use_v to_o contain_v a_o privilege_n for_o cite_v they_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o letter_n bear_v their_o word_n and_o failze_v thereof_o by_o open_a procamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_v of_o our_o burgh_n of_o etc._n etc._n because_o they_o be_v break_v man_n have_v no_o certain_a dwell_n and_o haunt_v and_o frequent_v with_o other_o break_a man_n where_o our_o officer_n dare_v not_o resort_v for_o fear_v of_o their_o life_n with_o the_o whilk_fw-mi charge_n swa_o to_o be_v give_v we_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o our_o council_n by_o their_o present_n dispense_v and_o admit_v the_o famine_n to_o be_v as_o lawful_a and_o safficient_a as_o if_o ilk_fw-mi a_fw-mi of_o they_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v this_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v citatio_fw-la edictalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o must_v be_v cite_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n peir_n and_o shoar_n of_o leith_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nota_fw-la though_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a bear_v not_o a_o full_a copy_n yet_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v give_v for_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v peremptor_n the_o summons_n be_v not_o give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o court_n and_o therefore_o the_o defender_n shall_v have_v a_o full_a copy_n that_o he_o may_v come_v instruct_v how_o to_o defend_v and_o that_o he_o may_v timeous_o raise_v exculpation_n and_o if_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v not_o give_v the_o execution_n have_v be_v find_v null_n in_o totum_fw-la and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v they_o shall_v be_v null_a anno_fw-la 1665._o livingstoun_n contra_fw-la leith_n and_o though_o some_o think_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o short_a copy_n be_v give_v the_o summons_n shall_v be_v only_o give_v up_o to_o a_o short_a day_n but_o the_o execution_n shall_v not_o be_v null_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o opinion_n be_v not_o find_v 1._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v the_o execution_n to_o be_v null_a where_o a_o copy_n be_v not_o give_v 2._o the_o give_v up_o to_o see_v can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o if_o the_o party_n have_v get_v a_o full_a copy_n at_o home_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v he_o have_v raise_v exculpation_n and_o cite_v the_o witness_n therefore_o upon_o the_o place_n their_o execution_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o executer_n and_o stamp_v and_o seal_v before_o witness_n else_o they_o be_v null_a act_n 32._o parl._n 5._o i._o 3._o and_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v direct_a general_o against_o complice_n but_o the_o particular_a crime_n of_o every_o defender_n shall_v be_v express_v ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 76._o and_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 85._o and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n all_o criminal_a letter_n which_o import_n tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o movable_a good_n when_o they_o be_v execute_v by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o mercat_n cross_n shall_v be_v execute_v betwixt_o eight_o hour_n of_o the_o morning_n and_o twelve_o hour_n at_o noon_n though_o former_o when_o a_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n his_o indictment_n may_v have_v be_v give_v he_o upon_o twenty_o four_o hour_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o robertson_n in_o july_n 1673._o that_o a_o panel_n in_o prison_n shall_v have_v fifteen_o day_n at_o least_o that_o he_o may_v within_o that_o time_n either_o raise_v a_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n or_o may_v take_v out_o diligence_n for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o witness_n or_o assize_n and_o that_o conform_v to_o the_o eleven_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n concern_v the_o justice_n court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v then_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o indulgence_n in_o that_o article_n and_o correctory_n law_n such_o as_o the_o regulation_n be_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o letter_n especial_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o murderer_n take_v with_o reid_v hand_n and_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v against_o such_o by_o our_o old_a law_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n which_o reply_n be_v repel_v in_o respect_n it_o be_v duply_v for_o the_o panel_n that_o though_o the_o law_n do_v not_o express_v the_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v indulge_v to_o such_o as_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v yet_o it_o have_v express_v the_o reason_n for_o which_o this_o indulgence_n be_v to_o be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o party_n may_v either_o exculpat_v himself_o or_o cast_v the_o witness_n or_o assizer_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v against_o he_o the_o law_n can_v not_o but_o allow_v a_o time_n sufficient_a for_o do_v that_o diligence_n it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o
to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o exculpation_n and_o so_o may_v have_v be_v ready_a to_o object_n against_o they_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o this_o argument_n prove_v any_o thing_n it_o will_v prove_v that_o no_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v in_o exculpation_n except_o they_o be_v cite_v which_o be_v absurd_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o witness_n name_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v give_v with_o the_o libel_n be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o defender_n and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o die_v upon_o deposition_n of_o suspect_n witness_n and_o so_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o detort_v this_o to_o the_o defender_n prejudice_n nor_o be_v there_o such_o hazard_n of_o corruption_n in_o exculpation_n as_o in_o pursuite_n for_o no_o man_n be_v to_o die_v no_o estate_n to_o be_v forefeit_v nor_o no_o man_n fame_n to_o be_v taint_v by_o the_o deposition_n of_o exculpate_v witness_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o speciality_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v that_o privilege_n reasonable_a for_o man_n be_v prone_a though_o they_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o depone_v in_o favour_n rather_o of_o the_o panel_n then_o of_o the_o accuser_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o our_o law_n allow_v a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o such_o as_o absolve_v but_o not_o against_o such_o as_o condemn_v vi_o the_o doctor_n also_o allow_v exculpation_n to_o be_v prove_v per_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o judicia_fw-la l._n merito_fw-la ff_n pro._n socio_fw-la boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr favour_n de_fw-fr fen_n but_o this_o be_v likewise_o reprobate_v by_o our_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v allow_v punishment_n shall_v be_v absolute_o arbitrary_a but_o it_o be_v question_v what_o punishment_n shall_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o defender_n who_o have_v prove_v his_o defence_n but_o not_o full_o as_o if_o he_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n that_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v in_o defence_n etc._n etc._n for_o resolution_n of_o which_o doubt_n they_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o imperfect_a probation_n of_o the_o defence_n be_v diametrical_o contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n and_o in_o that_o case_n they_o think_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v respect_v both_o because_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o imperfect_a and_o because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o conclude_a probation_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o full_o contrary_a but_o tend_v only_o to_o prove_v somewhat_o that_o be_v different_a from_o the_o libel_n as_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi prove_v whole_o the_o murder_n and_o the_o defender_n that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o self-defence_n than_o they_o think_v that_o the_o probation_n though_o not_o full_a do_v obsuscat_n and_o weaken_v the_o pursuer_n probation_n and_o consequent_o the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o punishment_n ought_v only_o to_o be_v infer_v per_fw-la probationem_fw-la omni_fw-la exceptione_n majorem_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n admonendi_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr anchar_n council_n 285._o and_o i_o think_v that_o albeit_o the_o assize_n behove_v to_o file_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la yet_o the_o council_n ought_v upon_o a_o favourable_a representation_n from_o the_o justice_n to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n vii_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o so_o that_o the_o defender_n probation_n of_o self-defence_n may_v perish_v in_o the_o interim_n or_o if_o he_o who_o may_v accuse_v will_v raise_v no_o accusation_n than_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o exculpation_n will_v be_v competent_a may_v intend_v a_o summons_n wherein_o he_o must_v cite_v the_o party_n injure_v or_o his_o relation_n and_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o in_o it_o he_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n ad_fw-la defensam_fw-la may_v be_v take_v to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la viii_o when_o witness_n be_v lead_v they_o shall_v present_o depon_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n to_o what_o they_o depon_n and_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o assizer_n because_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la till_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v whether_o the_o exculpation_n be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o libel_n or_o eleid_n it_o and_o so_o the_o libel_n can_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o be_v find_v after_o much_o debate_n in_o barcleys_n case_n but_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n shall_v only_o hold_v where_o the_o defence_n be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o libel_n but_o where_o both_o the_o libel_n and_o defence_n be_v admit_v joint_o to_o probation_n i_o think_v that_o both_o shall_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o inquest_n because_o the_o probation_n must_v be_v joint_o consider_v and_o the_o justice_n can_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o so_o not_o to_o that_o which_o be_v join_v inseparable_o with_o it_o if_o the_o defender_n propon_n a_o defence_n but_o prove_v it_o not_o it_o be_v doubt_v if_o by_o propon_v the_o defence_n he_o acknowledge_v the_o libel_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n upon_o the_o one_o hand_n be_v that_o in_o all_o civil_a process_n he_o who_o propones_fw-la a_o defence_n acknowledge_v the_o libel_n and_o in_o reason_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o criminal_o for_o he_o who_o allege_v that_o he_o murder_v a_o man_n in_o self-defence_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o he_o kill_v he_o but_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v hard_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n prove_v not_o his_o defence_n that_o he_o shall_v therefore_o die_v see_v that_o be_v to_o condemn_v the_o panel_n per_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o without_o probation_n upon_o a_o mere_a formality_n &_o ante_fw-la quam_fw-la constat_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la neither_o be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi prejudge_v by_o the_o panel_n not_o prove_v his_o defence_n see_v his_o witness_n must_v still_o be_v present_a at_o the_o same_o time_n whereas_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v prejudge_v for_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o have_v witness_n ready_a for_o prove_v his_o libel_n to_o which_o last_o i_o incline_v vid._n tit_n confession_n where_o i_o have_v debate_v how_o far_o a_o qualify_a confession_n ought_v to_o operat_fw-la ix_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o violent_a pursuer_n of_o crime_n to_o cite_v as_o complice_n all_o such_o as_o may_v be_v lead_v as_o witness_n by_o the_o panel_n for_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n or_o other_o defence_n upon_o design_n to_o decline_v or_o set_v they_o from_o be_v witness_n when_o they_o be_v lead_v for_o one_o panel_n can_v be_v lead_v by_o another_o as_o a_o witness_n for_o he_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o this_o be_v allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a exception_n it_o shall_v still_o be_v in_o the_o pursuer_n power_n to_o cut_v the_o panel_n off_o from_o prove_a even_o his_o just_a defence_n to_o reconcile_v which_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o a_o spoulzie_a pursue_v before_o they_o the_o 24._o of_o fevary_n 1662._o at_o the_o instance_n of_o mackertney_n against_o irving_n ordain_v these_o witness_n against_o who_o the_o exception_n be_v propon_v to_o be_v first_o insist_v against_o to_o the_o end_n if_o they_o be_v find_v innocent_a they_o may_v be_v allow_v as_o witness_n against_o the_o other_o panel_n if_o not_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v which_o method_n be_v very_o just_a before_o they_o but_o seem_v more_o difficult_a in_o criminal_a court_n where_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n and_o where_o court_n can_v be_v continue_v but_o to_o this_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o court_n can_v be_v continue_v by_o the_o justice_n regulariter_fw-la as_o in_o civil_a case_n yet_o in_o many_o case_n incident_n may_v occur_v whereby_o continuation_n be_v necessary_a and_o all_o law_n must_v yield_v to_o necessity_n the_o exception_n of_o self-defence_n be_v treat_v title_n murder_n and_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o areopage_n if_o the_o panel_n confess_v he_o commit_v murder_n but_o that_o he_o kill_v lawful_o he_o be_v not_o try_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o murder_n be_v try_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d perion_n de_fw-fr magistr_n athen_n cap._n 25._o title_n xxiii_o of_o assizes_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o assize_n and_o inquest_n 2._o the_o form_n of_o cite_v assisser_n and_o who_o make_v the_o roll._n 3._o sometime_o there_o need_v no_o assize_n 4._o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o what_o by_o the_o inquest_n 5._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o ordinary_a and_o a_o great_a assize_n and_o the_o number_n of_o assizer_n in_o both_o 6._o the_o oath_n of_o assiser_n and_o the_o objection_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v decline_v 7._o every_o man_n must_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o petrs_n and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o whether_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o proper_a knowledge_n 9_o all_o
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n 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likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n must_v be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n ja._n 6._o par._n 1._o cap._n 90._o see_v albeit_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o probation_n which_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o relevancy_n and_o see_v the_o justice_n remit_v several_a defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o the_o relevancy_n to_o the_o inquest_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v hear_v the_o debate_n iii_o the_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n begin_v thus_o it_o be_v allege_v by_o a._n c._n as_o procurator_n for_o the_o panel_n that_o the_o panel_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o all_o the_o defence_n be_v discuss_v the_o word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o justice_n either_o sustain_v or_o repel_v the_o defence_n and_o find_v or_o find_v not_o that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v or_o not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o assizer_n to_o the_o probation_n yet_o to_o distinguish_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o different_a cognition_n become_v very_o oft_o difficult_a upon_o these_o two_o account_n 1._o by_o express_v act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 151._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o because_o party_n be_v ofttimes_o frustrate_a of_o justice_n by_o allege_v irrelevancy_n against_o criminal_a libel_n therefore_o when_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v libel_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n no_o exception_n or_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o time_n come_v so_o that_o albeit_o the_o great_a debate_n concern_v relevancy_n among_o lawyer_n in_o criminal_a case_n do_v arise_v upon_o these_o common_a place_n cujus_fw-la open_a auxilio_fw-la assistentia_fw-la mandato_fw-la etc._n etc._n ea_fw-la crimina_fw-la erant_fw-la commissa_fw-la and_o from_o what_o circumstance_n these_o can_v be_v infer_v yet_o now_o the_o debate_n upon_o all_o this_o fall_v not_o by_o that_o act_n under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assize_n all_o these_o be_v branch_n and_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n 2._o the_o probation_n require_v ofttimes_o in_o it_o somewhat_o of_o relevancy_n to_o be_v previous_o debate_v as_o for_o instance_n whether_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v bind_v or_o what_o witness_n in_o law_n be_v receiveable_a or_o not_o all_o which_o case_n do_v ofttimes_o confound_v the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n but_o for_o clear_v of_o these_o limit_n their_o follow_a conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o dubio_fw-la all_o that_o concern_v law_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o what_o concern_v fact_n by_o the_o assize_n 2._o regulariter_fw-la all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v recommend_v it_o as_o a_o caution_n to_o advocat_n that_o when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
a_o subvassal_n by_o a_o subvassal_n and_o a_o burges_n by_o a_o burges_n but_o a_o low_a person_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o high_a and_o by_o the_o chap._n 2._o stat._n alex._n 2._o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1._o june_n 1591._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n declare_v all_o such_o as_o be_v land_v man_n sufficient_a to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o the_o old_a law_n require_v noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o albeit_o of_o old_a it_o be_v uncontraverted_o receive_v that_o none_o shall_v pass_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o nobleman_n except_o nobleman_n nor_o upon_o the_o assize_n of_o baron_n except_o baron_n yet_o of_o late_o it_o have_v be_v much_o debate_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o douglasse_n of_o spot_n 9_o may_v 1667._o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v home_o of_o ecles_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o spot_n be_v a_o baron_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v but_o by_o baron_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n conform_v to_o the_o citation_n above_o duced_z it_o be_v reply_v by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n 1._o neither_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v or_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n be_v bind_v law_n but_o only_a book_n of_o apocrypha_n 2._o though_o they_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la see_v burgess_n and_o other_o be_v daily_o admit_v by_o the_o late_a practic_n to_o pass_v upon_o baron_n assize_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n assizer_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whereas_o now_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v but_o witness_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n repose_v much_o less_o confidence_n in_o they_o now_o then_o former_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o be_v so_o scrupulous_a in_o their_o election_n 3._o burgess_n be_v in_o parliament_n allow_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o and_o forefault_n nobleman_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o more_o solemn_a judicator_n and_o be_v reject_v in_o judicator_n where_o case_n of_o less_o importance_n be_v ordinary_o judge_v and_o in_o which_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v may_v be_v easy_o repeal_v 4._o diet_n before_o the_o justice-court_n be_v always_o peremptor_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o diet_n behove_v very_o frequent_o to_o be_v desert_v if_o only_a nobleman_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o nobleman_n baron_n by_o baron_n 5._o by_o the_o state_n of_o king_n alexander_n above_z cite_v it_o be_v only_o requisite_a that_o knight_n be_v judge_v by_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v not_o add_v there_o that_o baron_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n which_o show_v that_o that_o privilege_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o they_o even_o in_o those_o day_n and_o last_o see_v all_o man_n life_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a concernment_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o can_v be_v judge_n of_o any_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o debate_n be_v oppone_v whereby_o it_o be_v evince_v in_o the_o title_n by_o what_o law_n crime_n be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v and_o reg._n majes_n be_v our_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la abovecited_a dispence_v with_o that_o privilege_n in_o some_o case_n do_v demonstrat_fw-la that_o regular_o this_o privilege_n take_v place_n with_o we_o likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o procedure_n before_o the_o justice_n general_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 3._o cite_v these_o law_n as_o bind_v and_o give_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_v in_o that_o court_n but_o by_o his_o peer_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o this_o be_v a_o declinatur_fw-la and_o be_v arbitrary_a for_o party_n to_o plead_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v antiquate_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v and_o repel_v but_o as_o this_o citation_n out_o of_o skeen_n who_o be_v but_o a_o late_a author_n do_v show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la so_o nobleman_n have_v late_o have_v the_o same_o indulge_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n and_o lord_n ochiltree_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o law_n here_o cite_v to_o the_o three_o found_v upon_o burgess_n sit_v upon_o forefaulter_n in_o parliament_n the_o same_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o case_n see_v the_o parliament_n may_z abrogat_fw-la law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o their_o procedure_n tie_v to_o they_o and_o though_o burgess_n singly_o be_v not_o peer_n to_o nobleman_n yet_o the_o collective_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v be_v much_o more_o their_o peer_n to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o inconvenience_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o not_o after_o and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v much_o more_o press_v it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o a_o assize_n of_o 15._o mean_a tradesman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o try_v a_o duke_n or_o marquesse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vast_a mistake_n to_o think_v that_o assize_n be_v only_a witness_n and_o not_o judge_n see_v they_o vote_v and_o their_o verdict_n be_v call_v a_o sentence_n and_o if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o relevancy_n be_v in_o these_o case_n which_o use_v to_o be_v of_o all_o case_n most_o intricat_a simple_o refer_v to_o they_o without_o any_o debate_n to_o the_o five_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o inference_n be_v mere_o conjectural_a but_o if_o the_o text_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o by_o knight_n there_o be_v mean_v vassal_n or_o free_a holder_n for_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v the_o word_n knight_n not_o eque_v but_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n or_o be_v in_o that_o place_n exegetick_n and_o not_o disjunctive_a and_o to_o the_o last_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o man_n life_n be_v not_o equal_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n for_o even_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n mean_a people_n be_v judge_v to_o die_v for_o many_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_o to_o noble_a roman_n and_o though_o with_o we_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v against_o nobleman_n be_v just_o allow_v to_o be_v more_o solemn_a upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n ordain_v a_o new_a assize_n to_o be_v summond_v whereof_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v baron_n and_o the_o remanent_fw-la land_v gentleman_n it_o be_v thereafter_o doubt_v whether_o a_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n so_o that_o none_o can_v pass_v upon_o his_o assize_n who_o be_v not_o baron_n or_o land_a man_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o baron_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n for_o his_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n will_v fall_v though_o not_o enter_v and_o as_o a_o baron_n though_o denude_v remain_v still_o a_o baron_n or_o a_o prelate_n though_o for_o age_n demit_v will_v be_v still_o a_o prelate_n so_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n though_o not_o enter_v shall_v be_v still_o a_o baron_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o december_n 1674._o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o appearent_a heir_n be_v not_o nomen_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o privilege_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v and_o the_o appear_a air_n of_o a_o baron_n will_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o sir_n allexander_n seaton_n case_n quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o comodum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o in_o law_n all_o baron_n may_v have_v heir_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n adduce_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n militat_fw-la in_o this_o see_v these_o proceed_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la feudi_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la vi_fw-la privilegii_fw-la and_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o not_o of_o the_o appearent_a heir_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n 19_o of_o july_n 1675._o repel_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o assizer_n and_o find_v the_o privilege_a extend_v not_o to_o the_o appearent_a heir_n of_o baron_n mackintosh_n contra_fw-la frazer_n of_o culbokie_n not_o be_v this_o privilege_n extend_v to_o land_a man_n though_o infest_v if_o their_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n viii_o albeit_o it_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v that_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o their_o proper_a
knowledge_n yet_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o principle_n may_v be_v doubt_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n par_fw-fr 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o panel_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o private_a knowledge_n of_o assiser_n can_v be_v lay_v to_o be_v lead_v before_o they_o 2._o if_o probation_n be_v lead_v public_o defender_n may_v propon_n interrogator_n whereby_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v more_o full_o clear_v and_o even_o the_o witness_n own_o mistake_n may_v be_v remove_v of_o all_o which_o just_a advantage_n he_o be_v precludit_n by_o that_o principle_n 3._o the_o great_a reason_n why_o by_o the_o act_n probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n be_v because_o in_o law_n it_o be_v presume_v a_o witness_n will_v stand_v more_o in_o awe_n to_o depon_n false_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n than_o otherwise_o for_o which_o cause_n confront_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n among_o themselves_o when_o they_o be_v contrary_a be_v much_o use_v and_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o doctor_n 4._o if_o assiser_n may_v give_v their_o verdict_n upon_o private_a knowledge_n than_o they_o can_v never_o be_v pursue_v for_o error_n because_o if_o private_a knowledge_n be_v the_o rule_n i_o can_v hardly_o understand_v how_o man_n can_v be_v convict_v as_o have_v transgress_v against_o that_o rule_n see_v albeit_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n shall_v know_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o judge_v what_o a_o man_n do_v know_v 5._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o divine_n and_o nation_n judices_fw-la debent_fw-la judicare_fw-la secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la ix_o from_o the_o foresay_a act_n parl._n 11._o ordain_v all_o probation_n to_o be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o assiser_n and_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v deduce_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v in_o criminal_o ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la and_o that_o no_o witness_n shall_v be_v examine_v by_o commission_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o probation_n lead_v before_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o repeat_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n before_o who_o nothing_o be_v use_v to_o instruct_v the_o falsehood_n but_o the_o decreet_a of_o improbation_n pronounce_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o falsehood_n their_o sentence_n habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la and_o be_v probatio_fw-la probata_fw-la so_o thaâ—_n the_o produce_v of_o it_o be_v the_o lead_n of_o probation_n before_o the_o assize_n this_o privilege_n that_o no_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v but_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o by_o the_o panel_n see_v it_o be_v introduce_v in_o his_o favour_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v the_o 9_o of_o march_n 1671._o that_o the_o diet_n can_v not_o be_v continue_v against_o charles_n robertson_n because_o of_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o witness_n see_v he_o be_v content_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o deposition_n former_o take_v but_o they_o cause_v he_o subscribe_v his_o consent_n after_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v the_o panel_n advocat_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o assize_n wherein_o the_o term_n they_o use_v to_o they_o be_v good_a man_n of_o inquest_n and_o after_o they_o have_v end_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n speak_v but_o there_o be_v no_o duply_n or_o triply_v use_v and_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n which_o privilege_n be_v assume_v likewise_o by_o all_o other_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o by_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o defender_n advocate_n be_v now_o the_o last_o speaker_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o privilege_n hold_v only_o in_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o ordinary_a treason_n x._o when_o both_o these_o discourse_n be_v end_v than_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v but_o before_o they_o be_v enclose_v they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o any_o doubt_n for_o if_o after_o enclose_v any_o person_n speak_v to_o they_o or_o if_o any_o of_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v pronounce_v the_o panel_n be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la clean_a and_o innocent_a act_n 91._o parl_n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o which_o act_n seem_v to_o be_v fear_v of_o impress_v or_o suborn_v the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o practice_n allow_v assizer_n sometime_o to_o send_v out_o some_o of_o their_o number_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o receive_v information_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o find_v that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o transgress_v not_o this_o act_n as_o in_o kennedy_n case_n august_n 1662._o and_o after_o a_o full_a debate_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o december_n 1672._o it_o be_v find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n disclose_v and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o house_n after_o they_o have_v past_o a_o vott_n though_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o subscribe_v be_v the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o verdict_n albeit_o it_o be_v here_o allege_v that_o there_o may_v be_v great_a debate_n upon_o the_o word_v of_o the_o verdict_n and_o so_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o have_v disclose_v until_o the_o verdict_n be_v subscribe_v by_o this_o act_n likewise_o the_o assizer_n and_o not_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o exception_n against_o the_o verdict_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a decision_n 1672._o wherein_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o themselves_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o any_o such_o alledgeance_n but_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o judge_v the_o probation_n of_o that_o exception_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assizer_n can_v not_o at_o all_o be_v judge_n thereto_o see_v they_o be_v the_o delinquent_n in_o that_o case_n and_o if_o most_o part_n of_o the_o assize_n have_v disclose_v it_o be_v absurd_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o delinquency_n at_o that_o time_n the_o lord_n do_v likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o any_o assizer_n shall_v disclose_v before_o the_o vot_n be_v complete_a so_o that_o the_o urdict_n may_v be_v thereupon_o annul_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n and_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n which_o either_o the_o king_n or_o party_n incur_v so_o that_o assizer_n be_v allow_v to_o speak_v to_o judge_n or_o advocat_n but_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v any_o address_n to_o they_o after_o enclosure_n as_o say_v be_v it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o albeit_o the_o clerk_n be_v discharge_v to_o enter_v in_o where_o the_o assize_n sit_v after_o they_o have_v choose_v their_o chancellor_n yet_o defacto_fw-la the_o clerk_n sit_v still_o with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a he_o shall_v do_v so_o because_o they_o be_v oft_o ignorant_a and_o unaquant_v with_o the_o form_n and_o procedure_v of_o that_o court_n they_o shall_v have_v some_o person_n to_o regulat_fw-la they_o and_o none_o so_o fit_a to_o do_v it_o as_o the_o clerk_n yet_o by_o the_o late_a regulation_n 1670._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v present_a and_o sure_a the_o clerk_n be_v worth_a ten_o and_o do_v influence_n too_o much_o xi_o after_o the_o assize_n be_v enclose_v they_o choose_v a_o precedent_n who_o be_v call_v chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o proceed_v to_o read_v and_o thereafter_o to_o reason_n upon_o what_o be_v debate_n and_o their_o determination_n be_v call_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n which_o be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n it_o be_v call_v verdict_n quasi_fw-la veer_fw-la dictum_fw-la and_o sometime_o it_o be_v call_v warda_fw-mi curiae_fw-la quon_n attach_v cap._n ubi_fw-la aliqua_fw-la thereafter_o the_o assizer_n enter_v again_o into_o the_o court_n and_o there_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v and_o the_o chancellor_n stand_v up_o and_o own_v the_o same_o after_o the_o verdict_n be_v read_v it_o shall_v and_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o act_n of_o regulation_n 1670._o close_v and_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o of_o so_o many_o of_o their_o number_n as_o the_o chancellor_n shall_v think_v fit_a never_o to_o be_v open_v but_o by_o order_n from_o the_o judge_n of_o which_o verdict_n the_o clerk_n be_v to_o have_v the_o keep_n and_o if_o he_o open_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o be_v depose_v and_o further_o punish_v as_o the_o
punish_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n skeen_n observe_v upon_o that_o place_n reg._n maj._n that_o amittere_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o non_fw-la habere_fw-la personam_fw-la standi_fw-la injudicio_fw-la and_o they_o can_v never_o be_v admit_v thereafter_o as_o witness_n neither_o in_o writ_n nor_o in_o judgement_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n but_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v know_v which_o of_o the_o assize_n assoilzy_v it_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o article_n regul_n 1670._o appoint_v that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n mark_v upon_o the_o same_o papper_n upon_o which_o the_o verdict_n be_v write_v who_o condemn_v and_o who_o assoilzâ—ed_v which_o paper_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o keep_v till_o a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v raise_v the_o council_n sometime_o rescind_v verdict_n without_o any_o action_n of_o error_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o in_o george_n ghrahams_n case_n where_o they_o ordain_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o inquest_n whereby_o he_o be_v find_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o recept_n of_o steal_a bond_n to_o be_v unjust_a and_o restore_v he_o against_o the_o same_o but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o who_o be_v unjust_o condemn_v may_v be_v restore_v against_o that_o verdict_n though_o it_o be_v find_v unjust_a see_v these_o who_o be_v unjust_o assoilzy_v can_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v though_o the_o absolvitur_fw-la be_v find_v unjust_a per_fw-la argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la contrario_fw-la vid._n titl_n of_o the_o council_n where_o this_o question_n be_v full_o debate_v and_o determine_v title_n xxiv_o of_o probation_n by_o confession_n 1._o probation_n define_v 2._o probation_n by_o confession_n if_o judicial_a be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o probation_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n be_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n allowable_a 4._o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o qualify_a confession_n 5._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n 6._o how_o far_o a_o minor_n confession_n obliedge_n probation_n be_v so_o full_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o civilian_n and_o cannenist_n and_o we_o differ_v so_o little_a from_o they_o that_o i_o shall_v only_o treat_v of_o it_o here_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o own_o law_n i._o probation_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o the_o judge_n be_v convince_v of_o what_o be_v asseâ—ted_v and_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o probation_n by_o confession_n by_o oath_n by_o writ_n by_o witness_n and_o by_o presumption_n ii_o probation_n by_o confession_n be_v the_o most_o secure_a of_o all_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v in_o law_n that_o in_o confitentem_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la suitable_a to_o which_o such_o as_o confess_v be_v ofttimes_o codemn_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o treat_v in_o the_o title_n of_o assize_n but_o because_o man_n will_v sometime_o confess_v a_o crime_n rather_o out_o of_o weariness_n of_o their_o life_n than_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n therefore_o the_o law_n have_v require_v that_o if_o there_o appear_v any_o aversion_n for_o life_n taedium_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la or_o any_o sign_n of_o distraction_n or_o madness_n that_o these_o confession_n shall_v not_o be_v rest_v upon_o except_o they_o be_v adminiculat_fw-la with_o other_o probation_n as_o also_o because_o confession_n be_v ofttimes_o emit_v negligent_o the_o confessor_n think_v that_o their_o private_a confession_n can_v prejudge_v they_o therefore_o the_o law_n do_v only_o give_v credit_n to_o judicial_a confession_n and_o not_o to_o these_o that_o be_v extrajudicial_a &_o extra_fw-la bancum_fw-la which_o maxim_n be_v strong_a with_o we_o then_o elsewhere_o because_o by_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 90._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n iii_o this_o maxim_n do_v admit_v in_o farin_n icius_fw-la opinion_n many_o limitation_n as_o 1._o that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v adminiculat_fw-la by_o other_o presumption_n it_o be_v sufficient_a but_o except_o the_o presumption_n be_v very_o violent_a i_o can_v allow_v this_o limitation_n see_v confessio_fw-la extrajudicialis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la adminiculari_fw-la and_o therefore_o some_o approve_v bossius_n who_o admit_v this_o confession_n though_o adminiculat_fw-la only_a to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la for_o certain_o such_o prevarication_n and_o abuse_v of_o truth_n and_o judge_n deserve_v some_o punishment_n the_o second_o limitation_n be_v that_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v admit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o accept_v by_o he_o than_o it_o be_v valid_a though_o extrajudicial_a but_o this_o i_o allow_v not_o because_o it_o be_v still_o extrajudicial_a and_o the_o confessor_n know_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o die_v upon_o such_o a_o confession_n for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o i_o approve_v not_o the_o three_o and_o four_o limitation_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v geminata_fw-la and_o reiterated_a or_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o ad_fw-la exonerationem_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v valid_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o though_o major_a weir_n confess_v sodomy_n and_o incest_n to_o minister_n and_o magistrate_n joint_o for_o exoneration_n of_o his_o conscience_n in_o presence_n of_o many_o person_n that_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o judicial_a confession_n as_o think_v the_o former_a not_o sufficient_a and_o yet_o frazer_n be_v condemn_v upon_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o assembly_n at_o aberdene_n and_o other_o noble_a man_n though_o retract_v 1641._o where_o this_o limitation_n be_v allege_v upon_o out_o of_o farinacius_n and_o this_o be_v represent_v to_o the_o parliament_n they_o refuse_v to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o refer_v all_o back_n to_o the_o justice_n who_o sustain_v the_o confession_n adminiculate_v as_o say_v be_v the_o six_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v valid_a if_o upon_o oath_n but_o i_o allow_v not_o this_o see_v oath_n be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminal_a case_n nor_o can_v the_o panel_n be_v force_v thereto_o and_o if_o he_o swear_v ultronious_o and_o undesired_a the_o confession_n will_v appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v suspect_n as_o emited_a either_o per_fw-la surorem_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o seven_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o crime_n confess_v consist_v in_o animo_fw-la as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o be_v doubt_v upon_o what_o reason_n a_o person_n accuse_v flee_v or_o shoot_v a_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o neither_o allow_v this_o limitation_n for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o rule_n see_v all_o crime_n require_v animum_fw-la delinquendi_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o some_o circumstance_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n and_o so_o this_o limitation_n may_v be_v true_a in_o that_o sense_n all_o these_o limitation_n be_v large_o rather_o than_o exact_o set_v down_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 81._o reg._n 10._o confession_n though_o extrajudicial_a may_v be_v sufficient_a if_o adminiculat_fw-la to_o subject_v the_o confessor_n to_o the_o torture_n but_o this_o be_v rare_o practise_v with_o we_o but_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v mitchel_n late_o torture_v upon_o his_o retract_n a_o confession_n emit_v by_o he_o in_o presence_n of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n and_o a_o confession_n extort_a by_o torture_n be_v in_o no_o law_n sufficient_a so_o that_o except_o it_o be_v adhere_v to_o after_o the_o person_n torture_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o rack_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o make_v no_o faith_n farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la cap._n 3._o the_o custom_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o advocate_n do_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n examine_v the_o party_n to_o be_v accuse_v and_o if_o he_o confess_v either_o he_o subscribe_v his_o confession_n if_o he_o can_v write_v or_o else_o the_o justice_n subscribe_v for_o he_o or_o which_o be_v secure_a make_v two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n subscribe_v and_o albeit_o a_o confession_n thus_o subscribe_v by_o two_o nottar_n before_o four_o witness_n be_v find_v sufficient_a upon_o the_o 7._o of_o december_n 1669._o in_o the_o case_n of_o finla_n macknob_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o allege_v that_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o sufficient_a and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o all_o probation_n shall_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v found_v upon_o confession_n the_o confession_n shall_v have_v be_v
pâ—sse_fw-la crimina_fw-la vel_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la vel_fw-la apertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la vel_fw-la judiciis_fw-la judubitatis_fw-la probari_fw-la &_o l._n 2._o ff_n quon_n apple_n non_fw-fr recip_n ubi_fw-la jubetur_fw-la curialis_fw-la observare_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la homicidarum_fw-la adulterorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n argumentis_fw-la convictus_fw-la testibus_fw-la superatus_fw-la vel_fw-la voce_fw-la propria_fw-la confessus_fw-la audiatur_fw-la apellare_fw-la 2._o since_o witness_n be_v only_o believe_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o will_v not_o damn_v themselves_o why_o may_v not_o other_o presumption_n be_v likewise_o receive_v 3._o presumption_n be_v in_o many_o case_n allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n as_o the_o presumption_n of_o cohabitation_n after_o the_o party_n be_v discharge_v be_v sufficient_a be_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o infer_v adultery_n 4._o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o found_v upon_o presumption_n as_o when_o they_o depon_n upon_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la ebriety_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o depend_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n 5._o many_o have_v be_v condemn_v upon_o presumption_n as_o janet_n brown_n who_o be_v convict_v for_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n upon_o presumption_n and_o hang_v according_o the_o 25._o of_o june_n 1614_o and_o scot_n be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o kill_v of_o drumlanrig_n sheep_n the_o 20._o of_o february_n 1616._o and_o after_o a_o solemn_a debate_n how_o far_o presumption_n can_v prove_v in_o criminal_o in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n he_o be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o falsehood_n upon_o presumption_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o this_o difficulty_n have_v force_v some_o of_o the_o doctor_n to_o conclude_v that_o this_o case_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o other_o to_o conclude_v that_o presumption_n may_v infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la cod._n fab_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paen_fw-la which_o last_o opinion_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n coincident_a with_o the_o first_o for_o in_o arbitrary_a case_n the_o judge_n can_v never_o proceed_v to_o death_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o both_o these_o opinion_n be_v well_o found_v because_o not_o only_o the_o commit_n of_o crime_n but_o even_o the_o give_v of_o scandal_n and_o the_o do_v that_o which_o be_v like_o a_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n punish_v but_o this_o arbitrariness_n shall_v only_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o council_n who_o be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a and_o be_v in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n tie_v to_o no_o express_a law_n title_n xxvi_o probation_n by_o witness_n 1._o how_o witness_n be_v cite_v with_o we_o 2._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la ultronei_fw-la 3._o what_o witness_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n 4._o when_o woman_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o when_o not_o 5._o how_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v witness_n 6._o person_n guilty_a of_o crime_n can_v be_v admit_v 7._o person_n within_o degree_n defendant_n be_v not_o admit_v and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o domestic_a servant_n when_o admit_v 9_o movable_a tenant_n 10._o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la 11._o defender_n cite_v as_o party_n 12._o what_o time_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o hability_n of_o a_o witness_n 13._o whether_o witness_n inhabile_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n 14._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la singulares_fw-la 15._o the_o contrariety_n in_o deposition_n consider_v 16._o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la 17._o witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la 18._o it_o be_v now_o necessary_a to_o give_v in_o a_o list_n to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o witness_n name_n who_o be_v to_o be_v lead_v against_o he_o 19_o absent_a witness_n how_o punish_v and_o compel_v 20._o what_o number_n may_v be_v cite_v for_o prove_v each_o crime_n if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o raise_v of_o a_o summons_n that_o summons_n contain_v a_o warrant_n to_o cite_v witness_n but_o if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_n by_o precept_n for_o cite_v of_o witness_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi give_v in_o with_o his_o execute_v summons_n execution_n likewise_o against_o the_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o execution_n against_o the_o witness_n be_v not_o legal_a the_o diet_n be_v desert_v but_o if_o the_o witness_n be_v lawful_o cite_v and_o compear_v not_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o warrant_n give_v to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v but_o now_o there_o be_v formal_a letter_n of_o caption_n give_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n and_o not_o of_o the_o justice-court_n and_o the_o letter_n be_v still_o raise_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n deputâ—_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a clerk_n of_o court_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n refuse_v to_o apprehend_v the_o witness_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o caption_n the_o letter_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o himself_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o this_o be_v first_o observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackalla_n against_o lindsay_n after_o the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n he_o ask_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi wat_fw-mi way_n he_o will_v prove_v his_o libel_n and_o if_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v choose_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n to_o be_v use_v ii_o the_o justice_n desire_v the_o clerk_n to_o call_v the_o witness_n and_o if_o any_o be_v give_v in_o in_o the_o list_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a execution_n it_o be_v allege_v they_o can_v be_v receive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o he_o who_o offer_v himself_o to_o depon_n without_o be_v lawful_o cite_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v too_o desirous_a to_o depon_n and_o so_o to_o have_v malice_n these_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v testes_fw-la ultronâ—i_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o justice_n sometime_o receive_v witness_n cite_v apud_fw-la acta_fw-la as_o alexander_n forester_n against_o a_o witch_n the_o 3._o of_o august_n 1661._o so_o though_o they_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o witness_n who_o appear_v upon_o a_o unlawful_a citation_n and_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o they_o will_v receive_v some_o though_o not_o at_o all_o cite_v for_o the_o first_o show_v a_o compliance_n but_o not_o the_o last_o all_o the_o objection_n against_o the_o wittess_n be_v discuss_v before_o they_o be_v swear_v for_o it_o be_v below_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o administrat_fw-la the_o same_o unnecessary_o before_o it_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administrat_fw-la will_v be_v receive_v to_o object_v against_o a_o witness_n in_o our_o law_n be_v call_v to_o cast_v a_o witness_n or_o to_o set_v he_o and_o by_o the_o doctor_n it_o be_v call_v to_o repel_v a_o witness_n but_o because_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n or_o oppositiones_fw-la contra_fw-la testes_fw-la as_o farinacius_n call_v they_o be_v so_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o he_o and_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o particular_a objection_n which_o be_v mention_v and_o make_v use_v of_o frequent_o in_o our_o law_n and_o practic_a and_o in_o law_n these_o objection_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la and_o these_o which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o treat_v of_o these_o objection_n which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la iii_o witness_n be_v not_o admit_v with_o we_o if_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n which_o we_o interpret_v to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o because_o no_o man_n can_v know_v the_o value_n of_o another_o estate_n this_o objection_n be_v find_v therefore_o only_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o witness_n himself_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ruchead_n against_o muire_n the_o 9_o of_o december_n 1668._o but_o this_o seem_v strange_a for_o since_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o he_o will_v depon_n unjust_o why_o it_o shall_v believe_v he_o as_o to_o his_o own_o quality_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n when_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o great_a the_o be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o actual_a beggar_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o cast_v a_o witness_n without_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o witness_n oath_n this_o objection_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o presumption_n that_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v liable_a to_o impression_n and_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v express_o repel_v from_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n stat_fw-la 2._o rob._n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n iu_o woman_n regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o witness_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o criminal_a case_n with_o we_o nor_o shall_v they_o make_v as_o much_o faith_n with_o we_o
corruption_n of_o the_o word_n excommunicate_a person_n can_v by_o that_o law_n be_v witness_n nor_o such_o as_o be_v incarcerat_a yet_o de_fw-la practica_fw-la such_o as_o be_v incarcerat_a be_v receive_v except_o they_o can_v be_v cast_v by_o some_o other_o objection_n nor_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v for_o a_o criminal_a cause_n during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n nor_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o pursuer_n counsel_n which_o objection_n be_v de_fw-fr practica_fw-la call_v the_o give_v of_o partial_a counsel_n and_o this_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o the_o defender_n own_o oath_n proper_o yet_o the_o be_v present_a at_o a_o consultation_n with_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o the_o soli_n for_o he_o be_v likewise_o branch_n of_o partial_a counsel_n and_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n viii_o domestic_a servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n for_o their_o master_n albeit_o they_o may_v against_o they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o servant_n the_o time_n of_o the_o deposition_n they_o may_v except_o their_o master_n have_v put_v they_o away_o dolose_o that_o he_o may_v use_v they_o as_o witness_n but_o it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o if_o he_o put_v they_o away_o since_o the_o citation_n to_o depon_n they_o can_v be_v witness_n nor_o removable_a tenant_n but_o tenant_n have_v take_v or_o cottar_n of_o their_o tenant_n de_fw-fr practica_fw-la be_v still_o receive_v because_o the_o law_n presume_v they_o be_v not_o so_o liable_a to_o the_o master_n impression_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v general_o say_v in_o the_o former_a law_n of_o k._n robert_n nec_fw-la aliquis_fw-la tenens_fw-la terram_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la adfirmam_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la annuum_fw-la reditum_fw-la and_o farin_n do_v regulariter_fw-la conclude_v that_o colonus_n non_fw-la â—dmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la testificandum_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la and_o yet_o glossa_fw-la ad_fw-la caâ—_n in_o literis_fw-la extra_fw-la de_fw-la testibus_fw-la adhere_v to_o the_o distinction_n allow_v in_o our_o practice_n and_o conclude_v that_o aut_fw-la coloni_fw-la sunt_fw-la tale_n quibus_fw-la imperare_fw-la potest_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la repelluntur_fw-la alius_fw-la non_fw-la sed_fw-la it_o tantum_fw-la creditur_fw-la farin_n be_v likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o though_o vassal_n who_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o superior_a may_v be_v receive_v witness_n for_o he_o yet_o that_o where_o his_o superior_a habet_fw-la merum_fw-la et_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la in_fw-la vassallos_fw-la the_o vassal_n there_o can_v be_v receive_v witness_n for_o he_o but_o with_o we_o vassal_n of_o regality_n be_v receive_v witness_n for_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n which_o seem_v very_o unjust_a see_v as_o farin_n there_o observe_v dominus_fw-la intales_fw-la vassalos_fw-la minacem_fw-la terrorem_fw-la et_fw-la timorem_fw-la incutere_fw-la potest_fw-la ix_o though_o movable_a tenant_n can_v be_v witness_n yet_o cottaâ—s_n may_v as_o the_o custom_n now_o run_v whether_o they_o be_v cottar_n to_o tenant_n who_o be_v not_o receiveable_a or_o not_o 11._o december_n 1632._o for_o our_o custom_n think_v cottar_n independent_a yet_o i_o conceive_v if_o this_o be_v well_o debate_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o where_o the_o tennent_n be_v not_o receiveable_a neither_o can_v his_o cottar_n especial_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o exact_a probation_n be_v requisite_a for_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a but_o that_o the_o cottar_n will_v stand_v in_o awe_n of_o he_o who_o his_o master_n fear_v x._o he_o who_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n with_o the_o person_n accuse_v or_o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la can_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n nor_o yet_o he_o qui_fw-la fovet_fw-la consimilem_fw-la causam_fw-la or_o who_o may_v win_v or_o gain_v by_o the_o event_n of_o the_o pursuit_n but_o in_o falsehood_n socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la be_v receive_v witness_n because_o without_o these_o that_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v and_o thus_o barclay_n be_v accuse_v for_o forge_v a_o bond_n and_o disposition_n the_o witness_n who_o subscribe_v the_o same_o at_o his_o desire_n without_o see_v the_o principal_a party_n to_o who_o they_o be_v witness_n subscribe_v be_v receive_v to_o prove_v the_o falsehood_n and_o the_o forger_n of_o the_o bond_n be_v also_o admit_v in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o charles_n robertson_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la may_v be_v witness_n where_o the_o punishment_n be_v pecuniary_a et_fw-la sententia_fw-la non_fw-la irrogabat_fw-la infamiam_fw-la for_o the_o reason_n why_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la be_v not_o admit_v be_v because_o they_o be_v infamous_a et_fw-la intestabiles_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v under_o fear_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o repel_v they_o in_o small_a crime_n then_o in_o atrocioribus_fw-la see_v in_o these_o lesser_a crime_n the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o strictness_n of_o probation_n be_v relax_v in_o treason_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o the_o panel_n may_v be_v force_v to_o depon_n but_o can_v not_o in_o great_a crime_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o answer_n the_o justices_z the_o 9_o of_o march_n 1671._o will_v not_o admit_v socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la though_o in_o a_o delict_n which_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v socii_fw-la by_o a_o sentence_n see_v there_o be_v socii_fw-la be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a statute_n socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la and_o infamis_fw-la be_v two_o different_a objection_n which_o have_v be_v unnecessar_n if_o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la have_v be_v only_o repel_v because_o he_o be_v infamis_fw-la xi_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o any_o person_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o crime_n to_o raise_v a_o reconvention_n and_o to_o call_v therein_o all_o such_o as_o defender_n who_o they_o think_v may_v be_v lead_v as_o witness_n against_o they_o and_o it_o be_v ordinary_o controvert_v whether_o in_o such_o mutual_a pursuit_n seu_fw-la ante_fw-la categoriis_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v as_o witness_n to_o which_o the_o solid_a answer_n be_v that_o though_o it_o seem_v that_o they_o may_v because_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o person_n accuse_v to_o set_v all_o such_o witness_n as_o may_v be_v lead_v against_o he_o see_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o reconvention_n or_o it_o may_v be_v intent_n the_o first_o criminal_a pursuit_n upon_o design_n and_o call_v all_o these_o as_o defender_n yet_o it_o be_v think_v they_o can_v be_v receive_v witness_n until_o that_o process_n depend_v against_o themselves_o be_v first_o discuss_v by_o the_o event_n whereof_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o that_o pursuit_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a and_o by_o the_o former_a law_n of_o k._n robert_n none_o can_v be_v receive_v witness_n against_o who_o there_o be_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n intent_a notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v see_v the_o lord_n receive_v witness_n in_o this_o case_n but_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la witness_n who_o may_v be_v receive_v be_v call_v testes_fw-la habiles_fw-la and_o they_o be_v distinguish_v in_o idoneos_fw-la or_o sufficient_a witness_n or_o testes_fw-la omni_fw-la exceptione_n majores_fw-la who_o deserve_v yet_o a_o further_a degree_n of_o faith_n and_o against_o who_o there_o be_v not_o only_o no_o objection_n but_o even_o no_o suspicion_n et_fw-la testes_fw-la optimae_fw-la opinionis_fw-la who_o deserve_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o trust_n sometime_o likewise_o witness_n be_v receive_v though_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o habiles_fw-la and_o these_o be_v call_v with_o we_o testes_fw-la cum_fw-la nota_fw-la who_o in_o our_o law_n prove_v not_o full_o either_o the_o libel_n or_o defence_n albeit_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o exculpat_o or_o prove_v a_o defence_n propon_v for_o the_o panel_n if_o there_o do_v not_o lie_v presumption_n of_o guilt_n against_o they_o xii_o if_o a_o witness_n be_v not_o habilis_fw-la to_o be_v a_o witness_n when_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v he_o will_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n though_o he_o be_v habilis_fw-la &_o major_a at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o his_o deposition_n because_o a_o witness_n must_v be_v such_o as_o do_v then_o know_v what_o be_v do_v thus_o wilson_n be_v repel_v in_o the_o process_n against_o cask_n the_o 10._o of_o september_n 1661._o xiii_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o controvert_v with_o we_o if_o such_o witness_n as_o can_v not_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o accuser_n may_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n which_o question_n may_v be_v answer_v by_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o if_o the_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n be_v such_o as_o make_v the_o witness_n inhabiles_fw-la as_o that_o he_o be_v minor_a or_o infamous_a than_o these_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o
instance_n of_o the_o fisk._n 2._o if_o the_o objection_n be_v such_o as_o tend_v to_o cast_v the_o witness_n mere_o because_o of_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v as_o that_o he_o be_v servant_n or_o within_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o though_o the_o party_n wrong_v insist_v not_o yet_o these_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v if_o any_o advantage_n may_v accress_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o their_o deposition_n and_o except_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o shall_v thereby_o reap_v no_o advantage_n and_o except_v the_o crime_n be_v such_o as_o do_v no_o affront_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o be_v still_o presume_v that_o his_o relation_n will_v retain_v a_o private_a grudge_n or_o malice_n whereupon_o they_o may_v prejudge_v in_o their_o deposition_n both_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o defender_n and_o yet_o ordinary_o with_o we_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n thus_o neilson_n be_v receive_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n for_o witchcraft_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o nicol_n who_o give_v information_n in_o the_o dittay_n because_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o his_o instance_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1622._o and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o process_n stirling_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o muir_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v malificiat_a by_o she_o albeit_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o muir_n nor_o none_o of_o his_o relation_n which_o i_o think_v both_o irregular_a and_o dangerous_a albeit_o these_o be_v relevant_a objection_n against_o witness_n yet_o if_o the_o proponer_n of_o the_o objection_n cite_v they_o also_o at_o his_o own_o instance_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v habiles_fw-la testes_fw-la but_o sometime_o he_o may_v notwithstanding_o propon_n objection_n even_o against_o those_o himself_n cite_v v_o g._n though_o i_o cite_v a_o man_n to_o be_v witness_n for_o i_o yet_o i_o may_v set_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n for_o my_o adversary_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n or_o servant_n iv._o the_o objection_n contradicta_fw-la testium_fw-la be_v singularity_n and_o contrariety_n and_o the_o not_o give_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la singularity_n be_v when_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n have_v no_o concur_v witness_n and_o this_o singularity_n be_v divide_v in_o obstativam_fw-la adminiculativam_fw-la &_o diversificativam_fw-la singularitas_fw-la obstativa_fw-la be_v in_o acta_fw-la non_fw-la reiterabili_fw-la a_o instance_n whereof_o they_o give_v in_o susanna_n and_o the_o two_o elder_n who_o depone_v upon_o the_o same_o adultery_n but_o differ_v in_o the_o place_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o reiterable_a or_o reiterated_a that_o two_o witness_n vary_v upon_o the_o time_n or_o place_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n be_v murder_v at_o edimburgh_n and_o the_o other_o at_o haddingtoun_n these_o deposition_n can_v not_o be_v conjoin_v for_o prove_v the_o murder_n singularitas_fw-la adminiculativa_fw-la be_v where_o the_o witness_n do_v not_o concur_v in_o their_o deposition_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a and_o the_o one_o assist_v the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o prove_v that_o a_o horse_n be_v steal_v one_o shall_v depon_n that_o he_o see_v the_o thief_n go_v in_o without_o a_o horse_n another_o see_v he_o take_v the_o horse_n but_o no_o more_o which_o singularity_n in_o deposition_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o witness_n to_o prove_v neither_o by_o our_o practic_n nor_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n singularitas_fw-la diversificativa_fw-la be_v when_o witness_n depon_n different_a act_n as_o in_o a_o crime_n which_o be_v reiterable_a and_o thus_o the_o adultery_n against_o john_n maxwel_n be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v though_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n depone_v only_o upon_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o of_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o another_o time_n february_n 1666._o for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o if_o one_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o through_o a_o hole_n and_o see_v adultery_n commit_v and_o thereafter_o another_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o and_o see_v the_o adultery_n likewise_o commit_v yet_o they_o be_v contest_v and_o do_v prove_v sufficient_o etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la infligendam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o probation_n of_o adultery_n lead_v against_o george_n swintoun_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o case_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a for_o in_o george_n swintoun_v case_n both_o the_o witness_n concur_v in_o one_o act_n but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n maxwel_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o deposition_n be_v conjoin_v against_o he_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o sustain_v a_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o these_o different_a probation_n can_v have_v be_v conjoin_v if_o the_o case_n have_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n quest_n 64._o the_o opposition_n contra_fw-la exam_fw-la testium_fw-la num_fw-la 55._o xv._n witness_n who_o depon_n thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a do_v not_o prove_v if_o that_o contrariety_n be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v substantial_a but_o though_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n yet_o they_o prove_v &_o verba_fw-la sunt_fw-la improprianda_fw-la nut_n testes_fw-la concordentur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la concordari_fw-la debent_fw-la aliquando_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la per_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la supletivam_fw-la but_o though_o contrariety_n be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o deposition_n yet_o too_o formal_a a_o agreement_n among_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n all_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n &_o per_fw-la praemeditatum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la be_v suspect_v v_o g._n if_o two_o or_o more_o witness_n shall_v tell_v over_o a_o long_a story_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o farin_n well_o observe_v quest_n 64._o num_fw-la 24._o xvi_o lawyer_n have_v take_v so_o great_a pain_n to_o secure_v the_o life_n of_o poor_a panel_n that_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v witness_n though_o concur_v except_o they_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la if_o the_o thing_n deponed_a fall_n under_o sense_n as_o the_o see_v a_o man_n kill_v if_o it_o fall_v not_o under_o a_o sense_n absolute_o as_o that_o a_o person_n be_v drink_v mad_a or_o repute_v a_o thief_n etc._n etc._n betwixt_o which_o two_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o these_o thing_n that_o fall_v not_o under_o sense_n the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la must_v be_v give_v whether_o it_o be_v ask_v or_o not_o because_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la and_o not_o the_o deposition_n which_o prove_v in_o that_o case_n witness_n must_v in_o our_o law_n be_v receive_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n that_o the_o panel_n presence_n may_v overawe_n the_o deponer_n and_o that_o the_o assize_n may_v judge_v by_o the_o deponers_n countenance_n gesture_n and_o assurance_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v and_o advocat_n be_v to_o be_v present_a that_o they_o may_v interrogat_n upon_o emergent_n and_o this_o be_v much_o just_a than_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n be_v who_o allow_v neither_o advocate_n nor_o party_n to_o be_v present_a whilst_o the_o witness_n depon_n gomes_n de_fw-fr delict_n cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 65._o and_o in_o this_o also_o we_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n custodias_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n judiciis_fw-la xvii_o witness_n be_v sometime_o receive_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la for_o the_o defender_n but_o never_o for_o the_o accuser_n and_o that_o because_o the_o accuser_n may_v blame_v himself_o for_o not_o pursue_v soon_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o defender_n power_n and_o testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la creditur_fw-la whereas_o deposition_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la be_v only_o testimonia_fw-la and_o yet_o with_o we_o the_o justice_n sometime_o declare_v in_o court_n when_o they_o continue_v diet_n that_o they_o will_v receive_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la but_o this_o form_n be_v not_o allowable_a in_o my_o opinion_n except_o both_o party_n consent_n because_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n xviii_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n that_o albeit_o it_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o object_n against_o witness_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o cite_v witness_n to_o prove_v his_o objection_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi adduce_v a_o witness_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o theft_n by_o a_o sentence_n at_o aberdene_n this_o will_v be_v relevant_a but_o the_o panel_n can_v not_o
prove_v his_o exception_n both_o because_o the_o diet_n be_v peremptor_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o have_v a_o diligence_n for_o prove_v thereof_o for_o remedy_n whereof_o by_o the_o 11._o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n of_o the_o justice-court_n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o when_o the_o libel_n or_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n be_v execute_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inquest_n and_o witness_n shall_v likewise_o be_v give_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v know_v what_o to_o object_n against_o they_o and_o diligence_n be_v thereby_o allow_v he_o for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o this_o article_n it_o be_v murmur_v that_o first_o this_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o know_v what_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v adduce_v and_o much_o less_o what_o assizer_n may_v be_v present_a for_o they_o can_v not_o assure_v their_o attendance_n 2._o this_o may_v prove_v a_o mean_a of_o corrupt_a witness_n and_o assizer_n who_o if_o know_v may_v be_v practise_v but_o to_o these_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v raise_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n to_o vex_v man_n in_o their_o fame_n and_o fortune_n till_o he_o be_v secure_a that_o he_o can_v prove_v hiâ—_n libel_n which_o infer_v necessary_o that_o he_o know_v the_o witness_n who_o be_v to_o be_v adduce_v and_o see_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n cite_v 45._o he_o may_v be_v confident_a fifteen_o of_o they_o will_v obey_v and_o be_v so_o wise_a as_o to_o evite_v the_o penalty_n and_o this_o objection_n will_v tend_v much_o more_o against_o all_o continuation_n of_o assizer_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a to_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o either_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v adduce_v be_v honest_a and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o practise_v or_o they_o be_v false_a and_o obnoxious_a to_o corruption_n and_o then_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v at_o all_o and_o it_o be_v inhuman_a that_o a_o man_n life_n and_o fortune_n shall_v be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o deposition_n of_o these_o who_o the_o law_n dare_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v know_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v bribe_v and_o corrupt_v and_o this_o inconveenience_n can_v hardly_o have_v be_v evit_v before_o their_o regulation_n for_o ordinary_o the_o defender_n know_v who_o be_v present_a and_o need_v suspect_v that_o none_o will_v be_v adduce_v who_o be_v not_o present_a as_o likewise_o when_o diet_n be_v continue_v as_o frequent_o they_o be_v the_o witness_n be_v still_o know_v but_o these_o jealousy_n be_v by_o very_o much_o less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o attend_v the_o not_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o know_v what_o witness_n be_v suspicious_a and_o shall_v be_v decline_v and_o our_o law_n shall_v either_o not_o have_v allow_v objection_n against_o witness_n or_o else_o shall_v have_v allow_v a_o diet_n and_o mean_n for_o prove_v they_o nam_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concedi_fw-la debent_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la perveniri_fw-la nequimus_fw-la xix_o if_o witness_n compear_v not_o of_o old_a the_o diet_n be_v immediate_o desert_v but_o now_o caption_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o they_o and_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v for_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o fisk_n shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o the_o witness_n but_o if_o two_o compear_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v continue_v for_o two_o be_v sufficient_a for_o prove_v the_o libel_n but_o because_o more_o witness_n than_o two_o be_v ofttimes_o requisite_a there_o be_v many_o circumstance_n to_o be_v prove_v therefore_o it_o seem_v hard_a that_o the_o diet_n shall_v not_o be_v even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la continue_v and_o at_o other_o time_n there_o may_v be_v objection_n which_o may_v cast_v such_o as_o be_v present_a and_o therefore_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n against_o braco_n gordoun_n the_o 11._o of_o november_n 1671._o because_o the_o defender_n will_v not_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v use_v no_o objection_n against_o such_o as_o be_v present_a though_o regulariter_fw-la the_o justice_n will_v grant_v warrant_n to_o apprehend_v and_o secure_a party_n who_o be_v suspect_v of_o crime_n till_o they_o find_v surety_n yet_o they_o refuse_v to_o secure_v or_o attach_v such_o as_o be_v cite_v to_o be_v witness_n lest_o thereby_o they_o shall_v discourage_v man_n from_o compear_v to_o bear_v witness_n december_n 1672._o in_o answer_n to_o a_o petition_n give_v in_o by_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n tenant_n xx._n by_o the_o custom_n both_o of_o the_o council_n and_o criminal_a court_n ten_o witness_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v cite_v upon_o every_o separate_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o article_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o no_o more_o to_o evite_v confusion_n nor_o want_v there_o precedent_n for_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o in_o this_o case_n since_o cap._n 5._o legis_fw-la mamimiliae_fw-la inque_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la hac_fw-la lege_fw-la judicium_fw-la dederit_fw-la testibus_fw-la publicae_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o res_fw-la singulas_fw-la decem_fw-la denunciandi_fw-la potentatem_fw-la facito_fw-la and_o i_o find_v in_o valerius_n probus_fw-la this_o to_o be_v a_o article_n edicti_fw-la praetorii_fw-la testibusque_fw-la publicae_fw-la dumtaxat_fw-la decem_fw-la denunciandi_fw-la potestatem_fw-la faciam_fw-la to_o which_o number_n witness_n be_v stint_v by_o a_o statute_n of_o lewis_n the_o 12._o of_o france_n langlaus_fw-la semestr_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o from_o which_o statute_n our_o custom_n seem_v to_o have_v flow_v title_n xxvii_o of_o torture_n 1._o by_o who_o can_v torture_n be_v inflict_v in_o our_o law_n 2._o torture_n purge_v all_o presumption_n 3._o whether_o may_v person_n who_o be_v condemn_v be_v thereafter_o torture_v 4._o who_o be_v exeme_v from_o torture_n 5._o how_o shall_v such_o be_v punish_v who_o torture_n unjust_o i._o torture_n be_v seldom_o use_v with_o we_o because_o some_o obstinate_a person_n do_v ofttimes_o deny_v truth_n whilst_o other_o who_o be_v frail_a and_o timorous_a confess_v for_o fear_n what_o be_v not_o true_a and_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n to_o use_v torture_n in_o any_o case_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v that_o sir_n william_n ballâ—ndene_n as_o a_o captain_n can_v not_o torture_v though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v necessary_a sometime_o for_o know_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o may_v be_v necessary_a and_o allow_v in_o some_o case_n to_o soldier_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o council_n be_v so_o tender_a in_o torture_n that_o though_o many_o presumption_n be_v adduce_v against_o giles_n there_o english_a man_n suspect_v of_o murder_n and_o adultery_n they_o refuse_v to_o torture_v he_o albeit_o it_o be_v press_v zealous_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n ii_o it_o be_v a_o brocard_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o he_o who_o offer_v to_o abide_v the_o torture_n purge_v all_o other_o presumption_n whiâ—h_o can_v be_v adduce_v against_o he_o and_o yet_o alexander_n kennedy_n be_v pursue_v for_o forge_v some_o bond_n and_o nothing_o be_v adduce_v for_o prove_v the_o crime_n save_o presumption_n offer_v to_o abide_v the_o torture_n but_o thâ—s_n be_v refuse_v torture_n likewise_o be_v adduce_v purge_v all_o former_a presumption_n which_o precede_v the_o torture_n if_o the_o person_n torturee_v deny_v what_o be_v object_v against_o he_o but_o yet_o he_o may_v be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n upon_o new_a presumption_n as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o learned_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o toshoch_n who_o be_v torture_v for_o the_o allege_v burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n august_n 1632._o for_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o torture_n be_v intend_v for_o bring_v the_o verity_n to_o light_v and_o as_o he_o have_v be_v condemn_v if_o he_o have_v confess_v so_o he_o shall_v be_v assoilzy_v when_o he_o deny_v else_o no_o man_n will_v endure_v the_o torture_n if_o they_o be_v not_o persuade_v that_o upon_o denial_n they_o shall_v be_v clear_v but_o will_v confess_v and_o not_o endure_v so_o much_o torment_v unnecessar_o so_o that_o the_o inquisition_n will_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o much_o sin_n and_o make_v man_n die_v with_o a_o lie_n in_o their_o mouth_n and_o therefore_o torture_n be_v call_v probatio_fw-la ultima_fw-la vid._n clarâ—_n quest_n 64._o yet_o spot_n maxwel_n of_o garrery_n and_o other_o be_v condemn_v after_o torture_n upon_o other_o probation_n than_o be_v deduce_v before_o the_o torture_n iii_o i_o remember_v it_o be_v debate_v in_o council_n anno_fw-la 1666._o if_o the_o west-countrey-man_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o treason_n may_v after_o sentence_n be_v torture_v for_o clear_v who_o be_v their_o complice_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o nam_fw-la
the_o law_n for_o satisfy_v either_o public_a or_o private_a revenge_n 3._o since_o our_o law_n do_v punish_v perjury_n and_o poind_v of_o ox_n usury_n stellionatus_fw-la and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o as_o these_o crime_n be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o they_o shall_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n nam_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la naturale_fw-la quam_fw-la unumquodque_fw-la eo_fw-la modo_fw-la dissolvi_fw-la quo_fw-la colligatum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la incommodum_fw-la enim_fw-la sequt_fw-la debent_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o the_o act_n 1617._o do_v introduce_v prescription_n with_o we_o as_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v because_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n 4._o it_o be_v absurd_a that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o may_v be_v inquire_v into_o after_o the_o defender_n death_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o period_n of_o time_n whereby_o family_n may_v be_v secure_a and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a after_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o year_n to_o vex_v family_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o interest_n upon_o pretext_n of_o crime_n commit_v by_o their_o predecessor_n 5_o this_o prescription_n be_v very_o just_o introduce_v to_o punish_v the_o negligence_n of_o such_o as_o will_v not_o pursue_v crime_n and_o it_o be_v most_o presumeable_a that_o if_o they_o pursue_v after_o they_o have_v delay_v for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n that_o any_o pursuit_n thereafter_o intent_a be_v rather_o intent_a upon_o some_o supervenient_a quarrel_n and_o picque_n then_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o crime_n 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o guilt_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o sufficient_a punishment_n and_o so_o god_n almighty_a himself_o think_v in_o the_o case_n of_o cain_n and_o therefore_o to_o punish_v after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v to_o punish_v twice_o by_o our_o law_n recent_a crime_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o as_o murder_v with_o red_a hand_n and_o the_o thief_n take_v with_o the_o fang_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o crime_n grow_v old_a by_o so_o much_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o less_o punish_v 7_o the_o necessity_n of_o example_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o punishment_n fail_v in_o old_a crime_n so_o the_o punishment_n shall_v then_o also_o be_v remit_v as_o unnecessary_a to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o our_o criminal_a law_n be_v much_o more_o found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o our_o law_n be_v as_o shall_v be_v clear_o prove_v there_o need_v no_o particular_a statute_n in_o this_o case_n with_o we_o especial_o see_v this_o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n in_o crime_n have_v in_o effect_n become_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n who_o have_v many_o statute_n in_o other_o case_n have_v yet_o allow_v of_o this_o prescription_n without_o any_o particular_a statute_n 2._o there_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o a_o act_n shall_v have_v be_v necessary_a for_o prescription_n in_o civiltbus_n then_o in_o crime_n because_o in_o civil_a case_n the_o roman_a law_n be_v very_o various_a and_o quoad_fw-la the_o particular_a period_n of_o time_n be_v alter_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a state_n of_o their_o affair_n but_o in_o criminal_o their_o prescription_n be_v exact_o observe_v by_o all_o nation_n and_o be_v very_o reasonable_a and_o there_o be_v express_o jus_o quaesitum_fw-la incivilibus_fw-la to_o every_o private_a person_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o shall_v have_v be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o crime_n where_o in_o effect_n at_o first_o there_o be_v no_o express_a jus_o quaesitum_fw-la either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o private_a party_n but_o only_o à _fw-la â—otestas_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la for_o the_o jus_o cue_n situm_fw-la be_v only_o by_o the_o sentence_n for_o before_o sentence_n the_o fisk_n can_v not_o dispon_n upon_o and_o so_o have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o malefactor_n good_n and_o this_o answer_n likewise_o the_o second_o reason_n to_o the_o second_o three_o four_o and_o five_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o doubtless_o the_o wise_a roman_n and_o other_o nation_n can_v not_o but_o have_v these_o inconvenience_n under_o consideration_n when_o they_o introduce_v the_o foresay_a prescription_n in_o crime_n and_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v particular_o answer_v that_o if_o private_a party_n will_v not_o pursue_v their_o revenge_n they_o just_o lose_v the_o capacity_n by_o their_o negligence_n and_o his_o majesty_n have_v so_o many_o swear_a officer_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o inconvenience_n will_v arise_v through_o want_n of_o information_n but_o if_o there_o do_v it_o be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a that_o these_o negligent_a judge_n shall_v be_v punish_v especial_o see_v there_o be_v express_a law_n appoint_v negligent_a officer_n in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o negative_a argument_n bring_v from_o the_o not_o be_v of_o a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o conclude_v for_o as_o in_o many_o other_o case_n so_o this_o may_v have_v be_v argue_v as_o strong_o as_o here_o against_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n when_o he_o of_o old_a crave_v that_o the_o heir_n of_o traitor_n may_v be_v forefault_v for_o their_o predecessor_n guilt_n and_o when_o he_o of_o late_o crave_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v lead_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n in_o either_o of_o which_o case_n there_o be_v neither_o act_n nor_o practic_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n have_v be_v allege_v but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o the_o five_o the_o crime_n be_v take_v away_o by_o so_o long_a a_o time_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n upon_o the_o former_a prescription_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v a_o sufficient_a punishment_n for_o all_o the_o malice_n arise_v from_o that_o prescription_n neither_o be_v it_o presume_v but_o that_o if_o a_o malefactor_n continue_v to_o be_v ill_a he_o will_v be_v pursue_v within_o twenty_o year_n and_o if_o he_o do_v for_o twenty_o year_n live_v so_o sober_o and_o discreet_o as_o that_o the_o law_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o former_a crime_n there_o be_v little_a hazard_n of_o any_o future_a malice_n and_o to_o this_o opinion_n i_o rather_o incline_v because_o carpzov_n relate_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o saxony_n prescription_n be_v only_o introduce_v by_o express_a statute_n in_o moveable_n and_o heritage_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n as_o to_o prescription_n in_o criminal_o yet_o these_o prescribe_v also_o in_o twenty_o year_n because_o that_o prescription_n introduce_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v not_o express_o abrogate_a among_o they_o nam_fw-la non_fw-la praesumendum_fw-la est_fw-la totam_fw-la praescriptionum_fw-la observationem_fw-la tantis_fw-la vigiliis_fw-la excogitatam_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la legislatorem_fw-la evertere_fw-la voluisse_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o simili_fw-la casu_fw-la dicit_fw-la imperator_fw-la l._n 34._o c._n de_fw-fr in_o offic_n test_n &_o petr._n heigh_o part_n 1._o quest_n 26._o num_fw-la 47._o with_fw-mi carpzov_fw-mi part_n 3._o quest_n 141._o title_n xxx_o of_o punishment_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la 1._o the_o design_n of_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o crucify_a or_o banishment_n be_v lawful_a punishment_n 3._o whether_o a_o man_n can_v bind_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n 4._o whether_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n 5._o the_o loss_n of_o life_n be_v still_o follow_v by_o loss_n of_o moveable_n 6._o how_o far_o can_v ignorance_n anger_n drunkenness_n or_o command_v either_o excuse_n from_o punishment_n or_o lessen_v they_o 7._o how_o far_o do_v nobility_n or_o great_a merit_n excuse_n or_o mitigat_fw-la punishment_n 8._o how_o far_o do_v the_o inconsiderableness_n of_o the_o transgression_n mitigat_fw-la or_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n i._o punishment_n be_v inflict_v not_o only_o to_o satisfy_v either_o the_o public_a revenge_n of_o the_o law_n or_o the_o private_a revenge_n of_o the_o party_n but_o rather_o to_o deter_v other_o for_o the_o future_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v rather_o inflict_v upon_o either_o of_o these_o design_n then_o to_o punish_v the_o offender_n and_o make_v he_o insensible_a for_o what_o be_v do_v can_v no_o more_o be_v help_v some_o crime_n be_v so_o horrid_a and_o so_o unknown_a to_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v the_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v punish_v public_o thus_o some_o crime_n have_v be_v try_v in_o scotland_n at_o midnight_n and_o the_o malefactor_n immediate_o drown_v in_o the_o north-loch_a
without_o insert_v any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n wherein_o also_o i_o find_v that_o malefactor_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n for_o bestiality_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o one_o who_o assert_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o commit_v that_o crime_n be_v a_o curiosity_n he_o contract_v at_o his_o see_v one_o execute_v for_o it_o and_o in_o such_o crime_n no_o man_n needs_o to_o be_v deter_v nor_o wâ—ll_n terror_n restrain_v he_o who_o nature_n can_v since_o than_o execution_n for_o some_o crime_n incite_v some_o to_o curiosity_n and_o vex_v other_o with_o horror_n and_o be_v necessary_a to_o none_o some_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o punish_v private_o then_o public_o and_o thus_o such_o person_n as_o be_v popular_a and_o be_v execute_v only_o for_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o people_n have_v a_o kindness_n will_v be_v more_o happy_o execute_v private_o then_o public_o because_o the_o person_n execute_v be_v by_o public_a execution_n obleidge_v to_o die_v rebellious_o and_o the_o people_n be_v confirm_v in_o their_o good_a opinion_n of_o they_o by_o their_o courage_n at_o death_n ii_o constantine_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v crucify_v and_o this_o he_o do_v because_o of_o his_o respect_n to_o the_o cross_n he_o likewise_o do_v forbid_v to_o stigmatize_v the_o face_n l._n 17._o c._n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la because_o the_o face_n be_v god_n image_n martyrus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o banishment_n be_v not_o lawful_a lest_o the_o person_n so_o punish_v shall_v be_v force_v to_o live_v among_o turk_n and_o other_o by_o who_o he_o may_v become_v more_o flagitious_a then_o former_o and_o i_o have_v oft_o think_v it_o inhuman_a to_o send_v our_o malefactor_n to_o our_o neighbour_n and_o imprudent_a because_o it_o will_v occasion_v the_o send_n of_o they_o from_o home_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v likewise_o trouble_v with_o such_o as_o they_o have_v banish_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o correction-house_n will_v be_v both_o safe_a and_o more_o advantageous_a for_o in_o these_o they_o may_v serve_v the_o public_a who_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o with_o we_o no_o judge_n can_v confine_v a_o man_n who_o he_o banish_v to_o any_o place_n without_o his_o jurisdiction_n because_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n over_o other_o country_n and_o so_o can_v make_v any_o act_n nor_o pronounce_v any_o sentence_n relative_a to_o they_o torture_v punishment_n at_o death_n be_v also_o very_o inexcusable_a for_o they_o ofttimes_o occasion_v blasphemy_n in_o the_o die_a malefactor_n and_o so_o damn_v both_o soul_n and_o body_n whereas_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o leave_v quiet_o this_o earth_n and_o go_v in_o peace_n to_o the_o region_n of_o peace_n nor_o do_v these_o terrify_v other_o from_o the_o like_a offence_n for_o these_o who_o fear_v not_o death_n will_v fear_v nothing_o iii_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o civilian_n that_o no_o man_n can_v obliedge_v himself_o to_o any_o thing_n under_o a_o corporal_a pain_n quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n to_o obliedge_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n thus_o hamiltoun_n be_v hang_v anno_fw-la 1649._o for_o return_v to_o scotland_n after_o she_o haâ—_n enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o her_o dittay_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o that_o contravention_n and_o certain_o contempt_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a guilt_n may_v make_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v not_o capital_a become_v so_o and_o this_o contravention_n imply_v in_o effect_n paenam_fw-la effracti_fw-la carceris_fw-la which_o be_v ofttimes_o capital_a so_o that_o though_o a_o person_n can_v bind_v himself_o when_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o no_o crime_n to_o perform_v any_o thing_n under_o pain_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n yet_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n he_o may_v consent_v and_o enact_v himself_o as_o say_v be_v iv._o whether_o when_o law_n allow_v a_o judge_n a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o punish_v that_o judge_n may_v inflict_v death_n in_o that_o case_n be_v much_o controvert_v chassan_n and_o socin_n think_v that_o he_o can_v and_o this_o seem_v clear_a 1.4_o qui_fw-la vexant_fw-la annonam_fw-la debent_fw-la puniri_fw-la extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la animae_fw-la amissione_n inst._n the_o publ_n ind_z and_o pappon_o relate_v a_o decision_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n find_v that_o it_o can_v not_o 2._o this_o will_v make_v judge_n very_o arbitrary_a and_o render_v the_o life_n and_o fortoun_n of_o the_o liege_n very_o unsecure_a 3._o see_v lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o without_o a_o express_a law_n it_o seem_v very_o consequential_a to_o this_o that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o upon_o so_o general_a a_o law_n 4._o by_o the_o 20._o act_n parl._n 1_o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o death_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v oppose_v for_o these_o who_o have_v pass_v sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n beat_v or_o curse_v parent_n be_v ordain_v to_o die_v but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o sixteen_o and_o past_a pupilarity_n they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v arbitrar_o punish_v whereas_o if_o arbitrary_a punishment_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n this_o difference_n will_v be_v ineffectual_a and_o the_o law_n thereby_o evacuat_a and_o by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o say_v and_o hear_v mess_n be_v escheat_v of_o their_o good_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o so_o that_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o less_o than_o death_n else_o the_o first_o fault_n shall_v be_v as_o seveer_o punish_v as_o the_o three_o against_o both_o the_o principal_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o design_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n 5._o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v appoint_v ordinary_o for_o so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a fault_n that_o it_o be_v inhuman_a to_o think_v that_o these_o can_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n skeen_n also_o de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n verb._n iter_fw-la say_v that_o if_o the_o panel_n come_v in_o will_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_v he_o according_a to_o his_o offence_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o of_o his_o power_n to_o inflâ—ct_v death_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o yet_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 6._o l._n malcolimbi_fw-la vers_fw-la 2._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o the_o marischal_n and_o constable_n shall_v punish_v offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n observe_v that_o paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la may_v be_v sometime_o extend_v to_o death_n because_o of_o the_o aggradge_v circumstance_n and_o cite_v for_o this_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n &_o 16._o de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la but_o these_o law_n be_v ill_o cite_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o read_v they_o when_o the_o pain_n be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n arbitrary_a and_o the_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n he_o must_v present_o find_v caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o king_n will_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n this_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n and_o be_v practise_v the_o 22._o of_o november_n 1600._o advocatus_fw-la contra_fw-la patrick_n mc._n creif_n and_o other_o but_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o express_a and_o determinat_fw-la punishment_n there_o though_o a_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v and_o thus_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o parliament_n for_o treason_n offer_v to_o come_v in_o will_n but_o his_o submission_n be_v not_o accept_v v._o it_o be_v uncontravert_v with_o we_o if_o when_o any_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o movable_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n though_o the_o act_n bear_v not_o that_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n proscriptus_fw-la eratis_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la expressim_fw-la confiscabantur_fw-la damnatus_fw-la vero_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la tacit_a publicatio_fw-la enim_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sequebatur_fw-la tacit_a paenam_fw-la capitalem_fw-la matheus_n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la sicartis_fw-la num_fw-la 2._o and_o albeit_o the_o judge_n shall_v omit_v in_o his_o sentence_n the_o punishment_n due_a by_o law_n yet_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la there_o be_v by_o the_o damnation_n jus_o quaesitum_fw-la fisco_fw-la as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o large_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wauch_n who_o be_v a_o land_a man_n find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n though_o he_o be_v only_o fine_v by_o the_o sheriff_n in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n yet_o the_o donator_n to_o the_o escheat_n be_v find_v to_o have_v
law_n and_o a_o principle_n in_o reason_n that_o quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la nequit_fw-la and_o though_o where_o a_o party_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n and_o confess_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v present_a justice_n upon_o he_o yet_o that_o be_v only_o introduce_v to_o make_v judge_n diligent_a but_o not_o at_o all_o to_o preclude_v poor_a panel_n from_o their_o just_a defence_n and_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o inhuman_a and_o unwarrantable_a if_o a_o poor_a panel_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n but_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o kill_v in_o self-defence_n or_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o aggressor_n that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o or_o such_o like_a case_n he_o can_v not_o have_v time_n to_o cite_v witness_n for_o that_o effect_n vi_o whether_o a_o person_n who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v in_o a_o criminal_a court_n as_o defender_n at_o a_o particular_a day_n express_v in_o the_o summons_n may_v not_o before_o that_o day_n appear_v in_o edinburgh_n though_o he_o be_v banish_v be_v doubt_v in_o the_o action_n pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n against_o several_a gentleman_n in_o anno_fw-la 1674._o and_o that_o they_o may_v come_v to_o edinburgh_n be_v allow_v because_o be_v cite_v they_o be_v command_v to_o come_v 2._o their_o come_n to_o town_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o their_o defence_n and_o thus_o when_o man_n be_v indict_v they_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o a_o free_a prison_n though_o till_o then_o they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o close_a prison_n and_o yet_o some_o thought_n that_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v since_o they_o be_v once_o formal_o banish_v and_o so_o the_o banishment_n shall_v be_v formal_o take_v off_o and_o the_o raise_n of_o a_o dittay_n be_v no_o discharge_n of_o the_o banishment_n for_o else_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v discharge_v banishment_n when_o he_o please_v and_o inditement_n bear_v not_o to_o appear_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n but_o at_o such_o a_o day_n 2._o when_o man_n be_v under_o caption_n they_o may_v be_v take_v if_o they_o appear_v before_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o protection_n which_o show_v that_o a_o mere_a citation_n do_v not_o take_v off_o the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v liable_a 3._o protection_n be_v needless_a if_o this_o be_v allow_v for_o the_o citation_n will_v be_v a_o protection_n and_o yet_o protection_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o defender_n in_o such_o case_n as_o also_o it_o be_v doubt_v there_o if_o such_o as_o be_v cite_v upon_o sixty_o day_n may_v compear_v with_o other_o of_o their_o complice_n who_o be_v cite_v upon_o six_o day_n for_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o appear_v upon_o sixty_o day_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o defender_n favour_n and_o so_o he_o may_v renounce_v it_o and_o possible_o he_o can_v compear_v at_o the_o long_a diet_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v choose_v his_o own_o diet_n and_o it_o may_v be_v his_o true_a interest_n sometime_o to_o divide_v the_o defender_n and_o sometime_o his_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o ready_a when_o there_o be_v more_o pursuer_n each_o libel_v a_o distinct_a interest_n as_o three_o brother_n pursue_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o their_o decease_a brother_n though_o they_o be_v all_o three_o kill_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o in_o the_o same_o action_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o two_o of_o the_o pursuer_n be_v absent_a the_o three_o can_v not_o insist_v and_o so_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v upon_o pretext_n that_o the_o libel_n be_v complext_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o interest_n there_o be_v very_o distinct_a though_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n and_o that_o though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o joint_a pursuer_n yet_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o rest_n shall_v not_o prejudge_v any_o one_o who_o have_v a_o sufficient_a interest_n per_fw-la se._n vii_o when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n come_v which_o be_v peremptor_n and_o not_o with_o continuation_n of_o day_n by_o the_o act_n i._n 6._o the_o justice-clerk_n call_v the_o summons_n and_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_a and_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a he_o be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v but_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o present_a than_o the_o clerk_n call_v upon_o the_o act_n for_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o in_o either_o case_n a_o act_n be_v extract_v and_o if_o both_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n be_v absent_a the_o pursuer_n cautioner_n be_v unlaw_v for_o not_o report_v the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v outlaw_v and_o his_o cautioner_n be_v likewise_o unlaw_v for_o not_o present_v he_o but_o if_o either_o or_o both_o compear_n the_o cautioner_n take_v instrument_n upon_o their_o report_n the_o letter_n if_o the_o defender_n cautioner_n present_v he_o at_o the_o day_n but_o if_o the_o judge_n be_v absent_a or_o the_o day_n feriat_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a fast_o than_o i_o think_v the_o cautioner_n be_v not_o free_a but_o he_o shall_v present_v he_o at_o a_o day_n wherein_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v for_o his_o obligation_n must_v be_v interpret_v to_o be_v cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o panel_n will_v have_v be_v imprison_v if_o he_o have_v not_o find_v that_o person_n cautioner_n upon_o their_o present_v the_o panel_n than_o the_o defender_n enter_v upon_o panel_n and_o the_o clerk_n mark_n curia_fw-la affirmata_fw-la die_fw-la mensis_fw-la per_fw-la and_o mark_n such_o a_o man_n enter_v upon_o the_o panel_n such_o a_o day_n accuse_v for_o the_o crime_n etc._n etc._n and_o mark_n who_o be_v pursuer_n and_o who_o be_v prolocutor_n in_o defence_n and_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v and_o the_o justice_n ask_v whether_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a or_o not_o which_o be_v conform_v to_o l._n 3._o ff_n quam_fw-la aniss_fw-la non_fw-la possint_fw-la &_o l._n &_o adulteram_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n and_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o defender_n dictat_fw-la both_o the_o dilator_n and_o peremptor_n defence_n as_o the_o advocat_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v his_o repley_n and_o triply_n which_o have_v be_v original_o introduce_v among_o we_o as_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o judge_n may_v not_o be_v seduce_v by_o the_o passionate_a and_o well_o act_v eloquence_n of_o advocat_n quintil_n athenis_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o areopage_n affectus_fw-la movere_fw-la etiam_fw-la per_fw-la praeconem_fw-la prohibebatur_fw-la orator_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o dictate_v also_o the_o advocate_n consider_v more_o grave_o what_o he_o assert_n in_o these_o case_n which_o be_v of_o so_o great_a concern_v and_o the_o judge_n have_v more_o permanent_o under_o his_o consideration_n what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o succeed_a age_n may_v better_o judge_v of_o the_o ground_n whereupon_o he_o proceed_v title_n xxii_o of_o exculpation_n and_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o the_o defender_n 1._o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o exculpation_n with_o we_o 2._o whether_o exculpation_n may_v be_v admit_v though_o contrair_a to_o the_o libel_n 3._o how_o alibi_fw-la shall_v exculpat_o 4._o witness_n liable_a to_o exception_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o exculpation_n 5._o witness_n for_o exculpate_v may_v be_v admit_v though_o not_o cite_v 6._o whether_o a_o man_n may_v be_v punish_v though_o he_o have_v not_o full_o prove_v his_o exculpation_n 7._o how_o the_o defender_n may_v exculpat_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi insist_v not_o 8._o whether_o the_o justice_n or_o assizer_n be_v judge_n to_o exculpation_n 9_o what_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi cite_v as_o party_n the_o defender_n necessary_a witness_n albeit_o after_o a_o crime_n be_v prove_v the_o panel_n be_v most_o unfavourable_a yet_o till_o then_o he_o be_v still_o presume_a innocent_a &_o praestat_fw-la nocentem_fw-la absolvere_fw-la quam_fw-la innocentem_fw-la condemnare_fw-la &_o petr._n de_fw-fr anach_n consil_n 23._o observe_v well_o that_o the_o court_n deserve_v much_o more_o honour_n when_o they_o absolve_v then_o when_o they_o condemn_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o when_o a_o innocent_a person_n be_v condemn_v the_o wrong_n can_v be_v repair_v but_o when_o a_o guilty_a person_n be_v absolve_v yet_o god_n will_v either_o suffer_v he_o he_o to_o fall_v in_o a_o second_o snare_n whereby_o the_o first_o crime_n may_v be_v also_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o his_o infinite_a justice_n will_v punish_v he_o eternal_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o when_o any_o person_n be_v criminal_o pursue_v he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o benefit_n of_o exculpation_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o
panel_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o clar._n quest_n 51._o but_o i_o find_v not_o this_o term_n use_v with_o we_o till_o the_o year_n 1661._o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v use_v first_o in_o argyles_n process_n the_o english_a call_v this_o to_o traverse_v a_o indictment_n from_o the_o french_a word_n traverser_n as_o i_o suppose_v which_o signify_v to_o oppose_v or_o cross_v when_o a_o panel_n before_o that_o time_n be_v pursue_v in_o scotland_n he_o behove_v present_o to_o propon_n his_o defence_n and_o have_v witness_n there_o present_a for_o prove_v it_o or_o else_o he_o behove_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n for_o our_o ancestor_n think_v that_o the_o pursuer_n witness_n be_v present_a can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n exact_o and_o so_o be_v as_o fit_a to_o prove_v the_o exculpation_n as_o the_o libel_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o witness_n may_v have_v be_v present_a when_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v who_o be_v not_o present_a at_o the_o beginning_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v give_v whereupon_o the_o exculpation_n of_o self-defence_n be_v found_v so_o that_o other_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o necessary_a beside_o these_o adduce_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o presume_v that_o these_o will_v come_v without_o a_o citation_n or_o if_o they_o come_v without_o a_o citation_n they_o be_v ultroniâ—_n and_o so_o be_v suspect_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o the_o justice_n do_v begin_v to_o grant_v precept_n of_o exculpation_n which_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o express_v that_o in_o respect_n there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n intend_v against_o such_o a_o man_n and_o that_o he_o have_v defence_n to_o propon_n here_o the_o defence_n be_v express_v therefore_o the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_v to_o he_o to_o cite_v witness_n for_o prove_v thereof_o etc._n etc._n that_o this_o precept_n be_v subscribe_v only_o by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n yet_o thereafter_o in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o a_o formal_a summons_n pass_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o cite_v witness_n for_o exculpation_n and_o they_o be_v call_v now_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n which_o contain_v the_o defence_n as_o former_o the_o precept_n do_v but_o because_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o scruple_n to_o pass_v such_o bill_n therefore_o the_o justice_n first_o consider_v the_o defence_n and_o if_o they_o find_v it_o probable_a they_o use_v to_o subscribe_v the_o warrant_n for_o a_o bill_n which_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o one_o of_o the_o justice_n among_o the_o common_a bill_n and_o that_o bill_n be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o letter_n when_o the_o panel_n be_v accuse_v and_o the_o libel_n read_v his_o advocate_n do_v propon_n the_o defence_n or_o exculpation_n v_o g._n if_o the_o libel_n be_v murder_n the_o defence_n be_v inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o the_o defence_n be_v debate_v and_o either_o admit_v or_o repel_v by_o a_o express_a signator_n of_o process_n than_o the_o witness_n be_v according_o admit_v if_o the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o pass_v a_o warrant_n for_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n the_o defender_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v thereby_o prejudge_v but_o the_o diet_n will_v be_v continue_v till_o letter_n of_o exculpation_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v find_v in_o my_o lord_n rentoun_v case_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n december_n 1669._o and_o though_o the_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n shall_v be_v execute_v to_o the_o same_o diet_n with_o the_o principal_a summons_n yet_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v it_o reasonable_a they_o may_v continue_v the_o diet_n and_o allow_v a_o competent_a time_n for_o raise_v exculpation_n as_o they_o do_v 13._o july_n 1676._o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v by_o mackintosh_n against_o grant_n for_o in_o remote_a shire_n the_o defender_n have_v not_o time_n to_o raise_v and_o execute_v exculpation_n to_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n in_o the_o principal_a cause_n the_o ordinary_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o respectiv_a title_n to_o which_o they_o relate_v and_o it_o will_v swell_v too_o much_o and_o too_o unnecessary_o this_o title_n to_o repeat_v they_o here_o ii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o reply_v to_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n that_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o pursuer_n libel_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n and_o thus_o mr._n william_n sumervel_v be_v pursue_v for_o murder_v of_o bessy_n rentown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a as_o appear_v clear_o to_o many_o who_o see_v the_o same_o immediate_o after_o it_o be_v give_v likeas_n she_o go_v that_o night_n to_o her_o brother_n house_n three_o mile_n on_o foot_n and_o never_o take_v bed_n but_o wrought_v as_o a_o servant_n in_o her_o ordinary_a employment_n for_o twelve_o week_n and_o at_o last_o have_v go_v to_o attend_v her_o brother_n who_o die_v of_o a_o spot_a fever_n she_o be_v by_o he_o infect_v and_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n which_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n be_v repel_v decemb._n 1669._o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o libel_v that_o he_o give_v she_o a_o mortal_a wound_n that_o she_o die_v of_o the_o wound_n that_o he_o give_v she_o and_o i_o find_v it_o former_o repel_v 15._o july_n 1642._o cheyn_n against_o mowit_n but_o this_o principle_n viz._n that_o exculpation_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o libel_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v allowable_a for_o all_o defence_n of_o exculpation_n may_v be_v thereby_o preclude_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n so_o circumstantiat_fw-la his_o libel_n upon_o design_n as_o that_o the_o only_a exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v behove_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o libel_n and_o since_o in_o scotland_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o precise_o obliedge_v to_o prove_v all_o the_o quality_n which_o he_o libel_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o he_o prove_v the_o libel_n itself_o the_o poor_a defender_n may_v easy_o be_v cheat_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n libel_n all_o the_o circumstance_n exclusive_a of_o the_o exculpation_n which_o he_o fear_v and_o after_o he_o have_v thereby_o exclude_v the_o defence_n he_o may_v contend_v that_o albeit_o the_o quality_n be_v not_o prove_v yet_o the_o fact_n itself_o be_v prove_v it_o be_v sufficient_a 2._o in_o civil_a case_n some_o defence_n be_v admit_v though_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n as_o in_o riot_n before_o the_o council_n and_o in_o spuilzy_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v much_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o criminal_a case_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v more_o favourable_a than_o he_o be_v in_o civil_a case_n 3._o if_o this_o principle_n do_v general_o hold_v than_o self-defence_n and_o casual_a homicide_n can_v never_o be_v allow_v as_o exculpation_n for_o both_o these_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n use_v in_o the_o case_n of_o homicide_n which_o bear_v still_o premeditation_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o difference_n that_o which_o i_o find_v more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n in_o these_o indigested_a discourse_n which_o the_o doctor_n make_v upon_o this_o subject_a may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o where_o the_o defence_n iâ—_n not_o absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n it_o ought_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o probation_n 2._o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n a_o conjunct_a probation_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o beside_o the_o former_a reason_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n debate_v very_o learned_o whether_o when_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n of_o the_o libel_n be_v express_o contrary_a to_o the_o probation_n lead_v by_o the_o defender_n the_o pursuer_n or_o defender_n probation_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v bossius_n tit_n defence_n reor_fw-la which_o question_n be_v needless_a if_o a_o mutual_a probation_n be_v not_o allow_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o boss._n there_o advise_v the_o defender_n capitulare_fw-la directe_v contrarium_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la libellatur_fw-la and_o when_o the_o probation_n differ_v the_o ordinary_a rule_n to_o be_v follow_v be_v that_o 1._o the_o defender_n probation_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v gloss_n in_o cap_n in_o nostris_fw-la detest_v because_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o presumption_n that_o nemo_fw-la presumitur_fw-la diliquisse_n boss._n ibid._n but_o if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o equal_a the_o great_a number_n or_o these_o who_o depon_n what_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o the_o worthy_a person_n ought_v to_o be_v believe_v boss._n ibid._n how_o far_o this_o doctrine_n be_v allow_v by_o our_o practic_n will_v appear_v from_o a_o case_n decide_v in_o jun_n 1670._o in_o which_o william_n mackie_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_a hoom_n in_o a_o single_a combat_n