cardinal_n deacon_n without_o twenty_o six_o or_o at_o least_o twenty_o four_o against_o a_o cardinal_n presbyter_n but_o with_o sixty_o four_o or_o at_o least_o forty_o four_o nor_o against_o a_o cardidal_a bishop_n without_o seventy_o two_o witness_n lamb._n 178._o the_o general_a rule_n be_v in_o one_o dûum_fw-la vel_fw-la trium_fw-la stet_fw-la omne_fw-la verbum_fw-la si_fw-la modo_fw-la sint_fw-la omni_fw-la exceptione_n majores_fw-la two_o or_o three_o witness_n be_v enough_o if_o liable_a to_o no_o exception_n any_o one_o person_n may_v invent_v or_o contrive_v any_o story_n for_o malice_n or_o envy_n or_o other_o end_n to_o take_v away_o another_o life_n etc._n etc._n and_o who_o can_v disprove_v or_o detect_v he_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a for_o two_o to_o do_v it_o yet_o two_o may_v possible_o also_o agree_v and_o contrive_v a_o evidence_n together_o and_o so_o form_v it_o and_o frame_v circumstance_n all_o agree_v of_o beforehand_o between_o they_o that_o be_v false_a it_o may_v yet_o seem_v very_o plausible_a the_o child_n of_o this_o world_n be_v wise_a than_o the_o child_n of_o light_n jezebel_n have_v two_o witness_n against_o naboth_n and_o two_o witness_n be_v against_o chaste_a susanna_n to_o prove_v her_o avoutry_n yet_o both_o â—ad_v false_a evidence_n against_o they_o sussanna_n be_v acquit_v only_o because_o the_o witness_n differ_v what_o tree_n it_o be_v unde_fw-la in_o all_o trial_n whatsoever_o in_o england_n either_o at_o civil_a law_n or_o common_a law_n where_o be_v no_o jury_n there_o all_o will_v confess_v must_v be_v two_o witness_n at_o least_o co._n l._n 6._o b_o and_o always_o that_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v join_v to_o the_o jury_n they_o must_v be_v two_o at_o least_o ibid._n and_o in_o any_o law_n any_o where_o must_v be_v always_o two_o witness_n at_o least_o and_o no_o place_n can_v be_v pretend_v of_o otherwise_o except_o only_a england_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o here_o even_o when_o there_o be_v a_o jury_n too_o see_v 48_o ass_n 5._o barrec_n 241._o enquest_n 42._o bract._n l._n 5._o 400._o 48_o e._n 3._o 30._o and_o so_o be_v express_o mir._n c._n 3._o etc._n etc._n fortesc_n 73._o co._n l._n 6._o b_o inst._n 3._o 26._o and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o b._n c._n trin._n 9_o el._n and_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o be_v as_o aforesaid_a that_o the_o jury_n be_v presume_v to_o know_v themselves_o to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o witness_n more_o but_o if_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o real_o they_o know_v nothing_o themselves_o then_o shall_v they_o find_v one_o guilty_a upon_o a_o single_a testimony_n they_o make_v that_o law_n which_o other_o wise_a can_v not_o be_v law_n and_o find_v one_o guilty_a the_o law_n will_v have_v acquit_v and_o thus_o a_o trial_n by_o a_o jury_n will_v be_v less_o safe_a and_o more_o destructive_a than_o any_o other_o in_o all_o the_o whole_a world_n again_o the_o jury_n thus_o make_v one_o witness_v as_o good_a as_o a_o thousand_o for_o have_v a_o thousand_o witness_v the_o jury_n can_v have_v do_v no_o more_o this_o will_v occasion_v great_a mischief_n perjury_n and_o other_o inconvenience_n a._n then_o be_v sufficient_o malicious_a or_o interest_v and_o so_o design_v b_n death_n a_o italian_a will_v poison_n spaniard_n stab_v frenchman_n pistol_v he_o but_o be_v a_o englishman_n and_o expect_v such_o a_o credulous_a officious_a jury_n as_o aforesaid_a to_o help_v he_o will_v sure_o choose_v to_o swear_v he_o to_o death_n for_o a._n have_v his_o malice_n better_o answer_v b._n thus_o not_o only_o lose_v his_o life_n but_o also_o his_o credit_n estate_n and_o what_o not_o beside_o attaint_v his_o blood_n and_o utter_o disgrace_v all_o his_o relation_n and_o at_o last_o how_o shall_v a._n be_v discover_v in_o it_o he_o be_v infinite_o more_o safe_a this_o way_n than_o any_o other_o or_o suppose_v one_o come_v out_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o by_o chance_n shall_v discover_v he_o he_o know_v he_o be_v safe_a of_o his_o life_n he_o shall_v not_o die_v by_o our_o law_n if_o any_o body_n happen_v too_o that_o will_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_v charges_n hazard_n and_o danger_n to_o prosecute_v he_o never_o so_o severe_o but_o by_o the_o statute_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v 40_o l._n or_o at_o his_o election_n stand_v a_o while_n on_o the_o pillory_n and_o half_a a_o year_n be_v in_o prison_n this_o be_v all_o likewise_o a_o cunning_a rogue_n suppose_v rob_v one_o etc._n etc._n no_o witness_n by_o if_o one_o offer_v to_o prosecute_v he_o let_v he_o prosecute_v first_o and_o he_o hang_v one_o thus_o into_o the_o bargain_n and_o save_v himself_o honourable_o or_o be_v there_o one_o or_o two_o witness_n by_o but_o he_o first_o prosecute_v and_o swear_v against_o all_o it_o will_v go_v hard_a with_o they_o all_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o egyptian_n they_o have_v no_o punishment_n for_o lie_v and_o so_o have_v no_o measure_n in_o it_o but_o thus_o our_o law_n tempt_v as_o well_o as_o scarce_o at_o all_o punish_v perjury_n a_o jury_n though_o have_v two_o or_o more_o witness_n ought_v also_o consider_v and_o examine_v their_o circumstance_n among_o the_o turk_n only_o such_o may_v be_v witness_n as_o be_v freeman_n can_v say_v their_o prayer_n have_v some_o knowledge_n in_o law_n be_v know_v of_o civil_a life_n and_o conversation_n etc._n etc._n boschiner_n academic_a 19_o by_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n always_o like_o we_o none_o shall_v be_v witness_n under_o 14_o year_n old_a furious_a people_n officer_n of_o the_o same_o court_n women_z adulterous_a person_n thief_n poor_a whip_v for_o any_o offence_n infamous_a convict_v and_o ransom_v from_o justice_n kinsfolk_n companion_n or_o party_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n clergy_n against_o laity_n nor_o any_o one_o tenant_n bailiff_n servant_n or_o any_o other_o of_o his_o robe_n council_n retinue_n etc._n etc._n nor_o any_o know_a adversary_n nor_o any_o person_n excommunicate_a or_o imprison_v for_o or_o accuse_v of_o a_o crime_n st._n 2._o rob._n 1._o by_o our_o law_n none_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n that_o be_v indict_v of_o treason_n or_o felony_n and_o not_o acquit_v person_n excommunicate_a outlawed_a or_o otherwise_o defeme_v nor_o judge_n in_o any_o case_n where_o they_o shall_v be_v concern_v as_o judge_n brit._n 39_o mir._n 117._o 108._o bract._n 118_o 119_o 133_o 141._o person_n outlaw_v or_o otherwise_o infamous_a 11_o h._n 7._o 41._o young_a 116._o stanf._n 88_o 11_o h._n 4._o 35._o inst._n 3._o 36._o and_o certain_o they_o can_v that_o be_v infamous_a as_o attain_v of_o a_o false_a verdict_n of_o any_o conspiracy_n at_o king_n suit_n of_o perjury_n of_o a_o praemunire_n of_o forgery_n on_o the_o stat._n 5_o el._n c._n 14._o of_o felony_n or_o have_v by_o judgement_n lose_v their_o ear_n or_o stand_v on_o the_o pillory_n or_o be_v infidel_n or_o non_fw-la sanae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la of_o insufficient_a discretion_n considerable_o interest_v in_o the_o matter_n crompâ—_n 127._o b_o co._n l._n 6._o b_o a_o husband_n or_o wife_n can_v be_v witness_n for_o or_o against_o one_o another_o co._n l._n 6._o b_o nor_o against_o any_o other_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n stanf._n 26._o b_o except_o in_o crimiminal_a case_n where_o he_o or_o she_o be_v the_o party_n offend_v and_o swear_v only_o for_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o evidence_n can_v be_v expect_v the_o confession_n of_o a_o criminal_a get_v by_o fright_a or_o any_o artifice_n use_v upon_o he_o or_o make_v before_o come_v to_o his_o trial_n be_v no_o evidence_n against_o he_o the_o common_a law_n be_v so_o strong_a in_o this_o point_n that_o till_o 2_o 3_o p._n &_o m._n c._n 10._o no_o justice_n of_o peace_n can_v examine_v a_o criminal_a in_o short_a conditio_fw-la sexus_fw-la aetas_fw-la discretio_fw-la fama_fw-la et_fw-la fortuna_fw-la fides_fw-la in_o testibus_fw-la ipse_fw-la require_v ask_v his_o estate_n fame_n and_o religion_n quality_n sex_n age_n and_o discretion_n but_o the_o judge_n use_v to_o determine_v who_o shall_v be_v swear_v and_o what_o shall_v be_v produce_v as_o evidence_n to_o the_o jury_n and_o the_o jury_n what_o credit_n or_o authority_n the_o same_o be_v worthy_a of_o co._n l._n 6._o b_o one_o that_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o hand_n for_o felony_n be_v by_o some_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o law_n for_o the_o crime_n say_v they_o be_v purge_v so_o if_o pardon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o some_o hold_v many_o of_o those_o aforesaid_a be_v in_o law_n good_a witness_n as_o poor_a man_n but_o the_o jury_n may_v consider_v such_o may_v easy_o be_v bias_v or_o corrupt_v he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o to_o lose_v or_o forfeit_v for_o a_o crime_n he_o lie_v under_o several_a necessity_n and_o temptation_n a_o rich_a man_n do_v not_o etc._n etc._n in_o solomon_n proverb_n
thing_n impossible_a repugnant_a inconsistent_a etc._n etc._n can_v be_v no_o more_o than_o bare_a testimony_n and_o can_v any_o wise_a amount_v to_o or_o be_v call_v evidence_n herein_o the_o jury_n must_v consider_v the_o credit_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o evidence_n and_o the_o matter_n or_o extent_n of_o what_o be_v evidence_v first_o if_o the_o matter_n prove_v amount_v to_o such_o plain_a and_o full_a proof_n as_o be_v require_v a_o indictment_n lay_v against_o three_o person_n may_v not_o be_v find_v against_o all_o three_o when_o the_o evidence_n be_v only_o against_o one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o nor_o if_o lay_v against_o one_o person_n for_o three_o fault_n may_v it_o be_v find_v against_o that_o one_o for_o all_o the_o three_o matter_n when_o but_o one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o be_v prove_v nor_o when_o the_o evidence_n be_v but_o to_o part_v of_o a_o matter_n or_o fault_n may_v the_o indictment_n be_v find_v for_o the_o whole_a but_o as_o aforesaid_a all_o find_v must_v be_v prove_v indictment_n etc._n etc._n as_o aforesaid_a bring_v upon_o or_o refer_v to_o any_o statute_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n mention_v in_o such_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n must_v be_v prove_v very_o strict_o even_o to_o a_o tittle_n the_o proof_n must_v hit_v the_o bird_n in_o the_o eye_n as_o one_o indict_v on_o the_o statute_n for_o malicious_o disturb_v a_o minister_n at_o divine_a service_n every_o one_o of_o these_o word_n must_v be_v prove_v so_o for_o wilful_o and_o corrupt_o forswear_n one_o self_n so_o for_o one_o gain_n keep_v a_o gaming-house_n but_o in_o other_o case_n as_o at_o common_a law_n if_o the_o proof_n and_o word_n in_o the_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n differ_v either_o in_o the_o matter_n or_o the_o form_n or_o manner_n inconsiderable_o or_o so_o as_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o somewhat_o considerable_a or_o material_a as_o aforesaid_a such_o be_v indeed_o no_o difference_n in_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o jury_n to_o be_v take_v as_o any_o in_o the_o matter_n as_o in_o a_o complaint_n for_o these_o word_n b._n be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o thief_n and_o a_o strong_a thief_n himself_o here_o the_o word_n strong_a signify_v little_a or_o nothing_o need_v not_o be_v prove_v speak_v dy._n 21._o 75._o but_o if_o the_o allegation_n and_o proof_n material_o differ_v otherwise_o as_o for_o these_o word_n if_o b._n may_v have_v his_o will_n he_o will_v kill_v all_o the_o true_a subject_n in_o england_n and_o the_o king_n too_o now_o the_o proof_n be_v that_o the_o defendant_n say_v i_o think_v in_o my_o conscience_n that_o if_o b._n etc._n etc._n the_o best_a opinion_n in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o word_n allege_v be_v more_o positive_a and_o absolute_a and_o move_v credit_n more_o in_o one_o ear_n then_o those_o prove_v and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o effect_n the_o same_o but_o material_o differ_v so_o of_o these_o word_n b._n procure_v eight_o or_o ten_o witness_n of_o his_o neighbour_n to_o perjure_n themselves_o the_o proof_n be_v only_o that_o the_o defendant_n say_v b._n have_v cause_v eight_o or_o ten_o etc._n etc._n this_o be_v no_o proof_n for_o one_o may_v be_v a_o cause_n and_o yet_o not_o a_o procurer_n there_o be_v remote_a cause_n causa_fw-la sine_fw-la quâ_fw-la non_fw-la as_o well_o as_o other_o so_o nigh_o as_o that_o of_o procure_v such_o a_o cause_n as_o this_o b._n may_v be_v though_o only_a plaintiff_n or_o defendant_n in_o a_o suit_n for_o have_v there_o be_v no_o suit_n there_o can_v be_v no_o perjury_n and_o the_o most_o favourable_a and_o innocent_a sense_n of_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v and_o no_o other_o as_o for_o the_o manner_n a_o indictment_n be_v for_o murder_n by_o poison_n if_o the_o proof_n be_v it_o be_v not_o by_o poison_n but_o a_o weapon_n burn_v or_o drown_v etc._n etc._n this_o will_v not_o do_v for_o the_o manner_n prove_v be_v of_o another_o nature_n prove_v than_o allege_v but_o if_o the_o difference_n be_v only_o thus_o that_o the_o poison_n allege_v be_v of_o one_o sort_n and_o that_o prove_v of_o another_o this_o be_v immaterial_a both_o agree_v it_o be_v by_o poison_n the_o proof_n may_v serve_v so_o murder_n allege_v to_o have_v be_v commit_v by_o a_o dagger_n the_o proof_n be_v it_o be_v by_o a_o sword_n or_o bill_n may_v serve_v but_o proof_n by_o poison_v will_v not_o do_v if_o a_o assault_n and_o battery_n be_v allege_v to_o have_v be_v at_o a._n the_o proof_n be_v it_o be_v not_o at_o a._n but_o b._n may_v serve_v provide_v the_o offence_n be_v neither_o great_a or_o lesser_a whether_o commit_v at_o a._n or_o b._n but_o if_o the_o place_n allege_v aggravate_v the_o fault_n it_o be_v otherwise_o or_o if_o both_o place_n be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o county_n so_o of_o the_o like_a difference_n in_o time_n allege_v and_o prove_v now_o as_o to_o the_o credit_n and_o authority_n of_o what_o be_v witness_v it_o be_v no_o proof_n or_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n which_o be_v against_o their_o own_o knowledge_n nor_o any_o other_o but_o that_o only_a which_o confirm_v they_o in_o what_o do_v know_v or_o acquaint_v they_o with_o what_o do_v not_o know_v the_o only_a reason_n say_v my_o lord_n high_a steward_n at_z lord_z cornwallis_n trial_n why_o a_o prisoner_n be_v allow_v no_o council_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n or_o in_o any_o thing_n but_o matter_n in_o law_n when_o life_n or_o member_n be_v concern_v be_v only_o this_o the_o evidence_n whereby_o he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v aught_o to_o be_v so_o plain_a and_o evident_a that_o all_o the_o council_n in_o the_o world_n may_v be_v presume_v able_a to_o say_v nothing_o against_o it_o or_o in_o his_o defence_n nothing_o ought_v so_o much_o as_o raise_v a_o suspicion_n say_v horn_n but_o what_o come_v from_o grave_n and_o good_a people_n those_o which_o be_v credible_a and_o heed_n what_o they_o say_v mir._n 200._o and_o not_o from_o other_o as_o ill-tongued_n ill_o dispose_v etc._n etc._n people_n bract._n brit._n stanf._n the_o great_a lord_n coke_n say_v of_o old_a time_n as_o yet_o say_v he_o indeed_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v any_o indictment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o on_o credible_a witness_n and_o plain_a and_o direct_a proof_n and_o never_o upon_o probability_n or_o inference_n etc._n etc._n inst._n 2._o 384._o the_o famous_a montagne_n p._n 1040._o say_v à _fw-fr tuer_fw-fr les_fw-fr gens_fw-fr il_fw-fr faut_fw-fr un_fw-fr clarté_fw-fr bien_fw-fr lumineuse_fw-fr &_o net_n and_o the_o lord_n coke_n inst._n 3._o 25._o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a as_o many_o hold_n there_o shall_v be_v two_o good_a witness_n produce_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n to_o prove_v every_o indictment_n and_o the_o proof_n say_v he_o aught_o to_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o light_n every_o jury_n must_v always_o remember_v they_o may_v presume_v nothing_o but_o innocency_n and_o innocency_n etc._n etc._n they_o ought_v until_o the_o contrary_n prove_v of_o presumption_n and_o argumentative_a verdict_n etc._n etc._n find_v one_o guilty_a there_o be_v several_a very_o sad_a example_n one_o the_o lord_n coke_n tell_v of_o be_v there_o be_v two_o brother_n one_o die_v leave_v a_o estate_n and_o a_o only_a child_n the_o other_o educate_n it_o and_o one_o night_n correct_v it_o it_o cry_v good_a uncle_n do_v not_o kill_v i_o and_o next_o morning_n it_o be_v go_v no_o body_n know_v whither_o this_o brother_n be_v accuse_v of_o its_o death_n upon_o evidence_n of_o the_o matter_n aforesaid_a that_o he_o beat_v it_o it_o be_v young_a about_o nine_o year_n old_a it_o cry_v as_o aforesaid_a it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o since_o and_o that_o the_o uncle_n enjoy_v a_o estate_n by_o this_o the_o jury_n find_v he_o guilty_a and_o he_o be_v hang_v but_o about_o a_o year_n after_o it_o return_v safe_a and_o well_o inst._n 3._o 232._o the_o scripture_n enjoin_v the_o use_n always_o of_o two_o witness_n at_o least_o when_o yet_o the_o punishment_n then_o and_o there_o be_v so_o much_o less_o than_o now_o with_o we_o for_o the_o crime_n to_o be_v punish_v deut._n 17._o 6._o 16._o 19_o 15._o mat._n 18._o 16._o jo._n 18._o 27._o 2_o cor._n 13._o 1._o heb._n 10._o 28._o vox_fw-la unius_fw-la nullius_fw-la vox_fw-la one_o be_v none_o l._n 8._o c._n de_fw-fr testibus_fw-la quaedam_fw-la sunt_fw-la causae_fw-la quae_fw-la plures_fw-la quà m_fw-la dvos_fw-la exigunt_fw-la testes_fw-la nulla_fw-la tamen_fw-la quae_fw-la unius_fw-la testimonio_fw-la terminetur_fw-la say_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o some_o case_n there_o must_v be_v more_o than_o two_o witness_n but_o never_o few_o c._n licit_fw-la 23._o in_o sin_n extr_n de_fw-fr test_n by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n no_o indictment_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o a_o presbyter_n without_o three_o or_o at_o least_o two_o witness_n against_o a_o
manner_n and_o form_n as_o by_o the_o indictment_n against_o he_o be_v suppose_v and_o if_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n etc._n etc._n it_o seem_v etc._n etc._n that_o it_o be_v not_o murder_n then_o etc._n etc._n i._o n._n be_v not_o guilty_a in_o manner_n etc._n etc._n co._n 9_o 64._o so_o all_o the_o judge_n do_v be_v but_o advice_n though_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o it_o be_v the_o jury_n only_o that_o judge_v one_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a of_o murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o whether_o it_o be_v murder_n or_o what_o one_o be_v guilty_a of_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n only_o of_o the_o judge_n without_o their_o be_v any_o wise_a any_o party_n of_o or_o in_o give_v such_o judgement_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o only_a reason_n why_o it_o ever_o seem_v otherwise_o may_v rise_v hence_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o westminster-hall_n keep_v the_o say_v inferior_a court_n to_o their_o due_a bound_n method_n and_o order_n and_o the_o lord_n keep_v the_o judge_n to_o they_o when_o among_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o body_n do_v in_o westminster-hall_n the_o like_a be_v hint_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o marlb_n c._n 26._o which_o say_v murdrum_n etc._n etc._n non_fw-la adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justitiarijs_fw-la murder_n etc._n etc._n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n show_v the_o judgement_n always_o to_o be_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o not_o by_o the_o judge_n the_o ancient_a book_n call_v juryman_n judge_n as_o mir._n 209._o and_o it_o be_v not_o for_o nothing_o the_o law_n be_v so_o tender_a of_o they_o he_o that_o strike_v one_o of_o they_o it_o be_v perpetual_a imprisonment_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o offend_a hand_n judg._n 174._o it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v pardonable_a in_o councillor_n because_o for_o their_o fee_n and_o not_o pretend_v authority_n but_o why_o judge_n though_o apt_a to_o indulge_v improve_v and_o extend_v their_o own_o power_n and_o jursdiction_n shall_v offer_v to_o browbeat_a threaten_v order_n impose_v upon_o or_o wheedle_n flatter_v tempt_v insinuate_v with_o or_o any_o wise_a lead_n persuade_v direct_v incline_v or_o dispose_v jury_n how_o to_o find_v their_o verdict_n unless_o only_o direct_v they_o so_o far_o as_o jury_n require_v of_o they_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o say_v people_n daily_a rob_n and_o so_o have_v do_v on_o salisbury-plain_a but_o it_o be_v never_o the_o more_o lawful_a thus_o be_v judge_n trumpet_n and_o jury_n the_o echo_n let_v who_o will_v blow_v thus_o be_v jury_n but_o a_o empty_a name_n thus_o be_v turn_v topsy-turvy_o all_o the_o whole_a thing_n of_o juries_n thus_o may_v the_o judge_n draw_v and_o engross_v to_o themselves_o the_o whole_a power_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n judge_n and_o jury_n too_o thus_o be_v the_o trial_n by_o juries_n a_o colour_n a_o shame_n and_o real_o no_o trial_n at_o all_o by_o jury_n be_v this_o allowable_a by_o law_n we_o shall_v never_o have_v have_v any_o the_o have_v they_o will_v thus_o be_v only_o a_o unnecessary_a trouble_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o lex_n nunquam_fw-la per_fw-la plura_fw-la quod_fw-la possit_fw-la per_fw-la pauciora_fw-la the_o law_n never_o set_v up_o or_o require_v any_o thing_n so_o vain_a or_o fruitless_a but_o some_o will_v say_v the_o jury_n can_v do_v nothing_o but_o on_o the_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n which_o the_o judge_n hear_v as_o well_o as_o the_o jury_n and_o so_o may_v see_v the_o truth_n and_o know_v how_o the_o verdict_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o jury_n and_o consequent_o they_o may_v instruct_v assist_v etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n it_o be_v true_a they_o may_v be_v helpful_a they_o may_v assist_v but_o however_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n for_o their_o be_v as_o aforesaid_a too_o officious_a and_o beside_o as_o aforesaid_a that_o the_o jury_n be_v neighbour_n of_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o witness_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o judge_n stranger_n and_o the_o jury_n be_v more_o person_n and_o the_o judge_n few_o etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n also_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o to_o the_o evidence_n only_o give_v in_o court_n or_o that_o the_o judge_n hear_v but_o may_v go_v upon_o their_o own_o private_a knowledge_n suppose_v a._n sue_v b._n on_o a_o bond_n forteen_fw-mi pound_n and_o b._n plead_v payment_n but_o at_o trial_n prove_v nothing_o the_o judge_n themselves_o say_v to_o the_o jury_n you_o must_v find_v for_o a._n unless_o know_v the_o money_n pay_v yourselves_o which_o show_v the_o jury_n may_v find_v for_o b._n if_o they_o know_v the_o money_n pay_v though_o the_o judge_n know_v nothing_o of_o it_o 4_o h._n 7._o 29._o so_o hob._n so_o if_o one_o be_v arraign_v and_o no_o witness_n produce_v against_o he_o the_o court_n say_v the_o like_a as_o be_v see_v this_o michaelmas_n term_n 81._o in_o b._n r._n bradley_n case_n and_o by_o daily_a practice_n they_o use_v their_o own_o knowledge_n beside_o and_o often_o against_o the_o the_o evidence_n in_o court_n cr._n el._n 616._o grove_n and_o short_n case_n so_o in_o plough_v 410_o 411._o so_o a_o great_a case_n adjudge_v in_o b._n r._n hill_n 21_o c._n 1._o and_o another_o there_o 22_o c._n 1._o and_o so_o say_v stanf._n if_o a_o jury_n know_v any_o thing_n of_o themselves_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o by_o evidence_n 130._o so_o plowden_n say_v a_o petty-jury_n be_v sometime_o bind_v to_o give_v their_o verdict_n though_o have_v no_o evidence_n f._n 12._o hence_o in_o all_o case_n at_o common_a law_n one_o witness_n be_v accept_v of_o as_o sufficient_a and_o doubtless_o any_o verdict_n be_v good_a though_o in_o such_o case_n without_o any_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n because_o the_o jury_n be_v presume_v to_o know_v somewhat_o of_o themselves_o whereas_o in_o all_o other_o country_n in_o the_o world_n where_o jury_n be_v not_o use_v and_o here_o when_o the_o trial_n be_v without_o a_o jury_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o two_o as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v say_v more_o at_o large_a thus_o in_o any_o attaint_n bring_v against_o a_o jury_n more_o evidence_n may_v be_v give_v on_o that_o side_n the_o jury_n pass_v of_o or_o for_o or_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o jury_n than_o be_v give_v before_o dy._n 53._o b._n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o their_o own_o knowledge_n be_v not_o evidence_n as_o well_o as_o that_o give_v in_o court_n styles_n say_v 23_o c._n 1._o in_o b._n r._n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o find_v a_o indictment_n though_o have_v evidence_n since_o they_o may_v know_v something_o of_o themselves_o to_o overbalance_n it_o so_o be_v plowden_n a_o jury_n may_v sometime_o go_v against_o their_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n 8._o b_o and_o one_o may_v read_v juries_n be_v ancient_o punish_v for_o go_v though_o according_a to_o the_o witness_n if_o happen_v false_a one_o mir._n 48._o the_o evidence_n to_o a_o grand_a jury_n be_v seldom_o hear_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v if_o none_o be_v evidence_n but_o what_o give_v in_o court_n likewise_o a_o jury_n know_v of_o a_o record_n statute_n etc._n etc._n may_v give_v their_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o it_o though_o never_o give_v in_o evidence_n moor_n say_v a_o juryman_n deliver_v his_o companion_n a_o certain_a paper_n concern_v the_o question_n out_o of_o court_n yet_o the_o verdict_n be_v adjudge_v good_a case_v 656._o beside_o if_o it_o happen_v they_o have_v no_o other_o evidence_n but_o what_o the_o judge_n know_v as_o well_o as_o they_o yet_o they_o ought_v by_o and_o according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n and_o meaning_n of_o their_o oath_n to_o proceed_v on_o it_o in_o their_o own_o sense_n and_o as_o they_o apprehend_v or_o understand_v it_o themselves_o and_o no_o otherwise_o though_o the_o judge_n differ_v with_o they_o else_o how_o can_v they_o discharge_v their_o conscience_n and_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o they_o may_v differ_v no_o two_o lawyer_n nay_o judge_n reading_z or_o hear_v the_o very_a same_o case_n but_o present_o make_v different_a inference_n deduction_n collection_n conclusion_n and_o argument_n yea_o the_o same_o person_n at_o different_a time_n like_v as_o the_o philosopher_n hold_v our_o sense_n and_o sentiment_n as_o different_a as_o physiognomy_n and_o why_o shall_v a._n impose_v his_o opinion_n on_o b._n rather_o than_o b._n on_o a_o so_o of_o judge_n and_o jury_n one_o can_v see_v by_o another_o eye_n and_o this_o be_v certain_a every_o thing_n any_o jury_n do_v as_o a_o jury_n be_v on_o oath_n and_o they_o swear_v to_o be_v true_a by_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n at_o first_o administer_v they_o therefore_o if_o any_o of_o they_o happen_v to_o join_v in_o a_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o rest_n against_o his_o opinion_n or_o not_o thorough_o satisfy_v in_o their_o own_o
private_a judgement_n such_o a_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n though_o never_o so_o true_a and_o good_a in_o itself_o yet_o make_v the_o party_n or_o party_n as_o aforesaid_a not_o satisfy_v certain_o forswear_v at_o least_o in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la as_o to_o their_o conscience_n for_o perjury_n be_v not_o only_o a_o lie_n confirm_v by_o oath_n but_o likewise_o either_o when_o any_o one_o be_v deceive_v and_o believe_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v not_o rash_o or_o unadvised_o swear_v it_o to_o be_v true_a or_o either_o when_o any_o one_o think_v a_o thing_n not_o true_a swear_v it_o be_v true_a though_o indeed_o it_o be_v true_a flet._n 334._o bract._n 288_o 289_o 292._o and_o all_o the_o casuist_n so_o be_v see_v in_o palmer_n report_n one_o be_v indict_v and_o punish_v for_o swear_v a_o thing_n so_o and_o so_o because_o he_o do_v not_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a as_o he_o swear_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a one_o may_v see_v a_o judge_n ought_v not_o to_o meddle_v at_o all_o with_o the_o jury_n if_o he_o differ_v not_o with_o they_o it_o be_v needless_a and_o troublesome_a if_o he_o differ_v they_o be_v not_o to_o mind_v he_o take_v it_o which_o way_n one_o will_n but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v urge_v that_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o as_o to_o try_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o however_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o law_n the_o jury_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v advise_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o judge_n though_o not_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n no_o no_o further_o than_o a_o mannerly_a deference_n that_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o judge_n as_o more_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n for_o if_o the_o judge_n say_v or_o any_o witness_n swear_v the_o law_n to_o be_v so_o and_o so_o no_o jury_n be_v by_o law_n bind_v or_o any_o wise_a oblige_v beyond_o their_o own_o reason_n etc._n etc._n at_o least_o to_o believe_v they_o in_o it_o 9_o h._n 6._o 38._o finch_n 58._o if_o a_o attaint_n be_v bring_v against_o a_o jury_n it_o be_v no_o excuse_n that_o the_o verdict_n be_v according_a to_o the_o judge_n direction_n cro._n el._n 309._o 18._o now_o say_v a_o timorous_a ignorant_a juror_n oh_o but_o whether_o the_o law_n be_v thus_o or_o not_o the_o judge_n will_v punish_v the_o jury_n if_o comply_v not_o with_o they_o this_o sure_a will_v be_v pretty_a a_o jury_n perhaps_o forswear_v and_o liable_a to_o a_o attaint_n if_o do_v comply_v and_o yet_o punishable_a if_o do_v not_o no_o no_o the_o law_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o improve_v and_o refine_a reason_n be_v never_o so_o unreasonable_a to_o suffer_v this_o a._n levy_v a_o fine_a of_o land_n to_o b._n and_o b._n pay_v a_o the_o purchase-money_n but_o after_o a._n say_v he_o be_v then_o at_o levy_v the_o fine_a under_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n old_a and_o therefore_o the_o fine_a be_v void_a the_o law_n say_v here_o the_o judge_n shall_v determine_v by_o look_v on_o the_o party_n whether_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n or_o not_o and_o the_o jury_n shall_v not_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o party_n seem_v of_o full_a age_n though_o he_o be_v not_o he_o shall_v not_o avoid_v the_o fine_a to_o prevent_v cheat_v etc._n etc._n whereas_o if_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o try_v it_o they_o must_v not_o go_v according_a to_o the_o seem_a but_o real_a true_a age_n and_o so_o if_o he_o want_v but_o a_o day_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n he_o must_v thus_o be_v adjudge_v under_o age_n as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o want_v twenty_o year_n and_o b._n shall_v be_v cheat_v this_o fine_a be_v after_o reverse_v by_o king_n bench_n because_o a._n do_v appear_v and_o be_v also_o prove_v by_o four_o witness_n to_o be_v under_o age_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o fine_a come_n after_o to_o be_v dispute_v in_o common_a plea_n on_o a_o trial_n by_o jury_n though_o the_o court_n here_o tell_v the_o jury_n that_o notwithstanding_o some_o witness_n prove_v to_o you_o a._n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o levy_v the_o fine_a yet_o you_o ought_v not_o to_o heed_v they_o for_o the_o judge_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a power_n of_o determine_v whether_o of_o full_a age_n or_o not_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n have_v already_o determine_v it_o nevertheless_o the_o jury_n be_v somewhat_o extraordinary_a and_o not_o so_o very_o leadable_a man_n give_v their_o verdict_n contrary_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n and_o as_o if_o a._n be_v then_o of_o full_a age_n and_o a_o attaint_n be_v after_o bring_v against_o the_o jury_n the_o jury_n be_v acquit_v and_o commend_v dy._n 201._o &_o 301._o and_o the_o jury_n be_v the_o more_o justifiable_a in_o it_o since_o the_o judge_n first_o alter_v the_o law_n in_o try_v by_o witness_n and_o not_o only_o by_o inspection_n as_o jury_n also_o do_v which_o in_o trial_n by_o witness_n be_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o more_o competent_a etc._n etc._n of_o this_o nature_n be_v a_o memorable_a case_n of_o bushel_n report_v by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n where_o meade_n and_o pen_n two_o quaker_n be_v indict_v at_o the_o old_a bailie_n for_o their_o meeting_n and_o the_o jury_n whereof_o bushel_n be_v the_o foreman_n will_v not_o find_v they_o guilty_a the_o court_n mighty_a angry_a fine_v and_o commit_v the_o jury_n allege_v for_o cause_n that_o they_o the_o juror_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n against_o full_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n and_o against_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n to_o they_o in_o court_n open_o give_v and_o declare_v have_v acquit_v the_o say_a mead_n and_o pen_n but_o upon_o long_a and_o serious_a debate_n it_o be_v after_o adjudge_v the_o commitment_n fine_v etc._n etc._n be_v unlawful_a and_o according_o the_o jury_n be_v discharge_v etc._n etc._n another_o time_n also_o a_o juryman_n dissent_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o no_o less_o than_o two_o day_n the_o judge_n ask_v he_o what_o he_o will_v do_v say_v he_o rather_o starve_v and_o die_v in_o prison_n than_o consent_n the_o court_n fine_v and_o commit_v he_o but_o on_o better_a consideration_n discharge_v he_o without_o more_o ado_n all_o the_o court_n can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o carry_v they_o in_o cart_n if_o in_o the_o circuit_n along_o with_o they_o and_z keep_v they_o without_o meat_n drink_v etc._n etc._n till_o will_v agree_v 41_o ass._n 11._o ses_fw-fr mir._n juror_n aught_o not_o to_o be_v threaten_v but_o to_o be_v free_a differ_v in_o opinion_n etc._n etc._n 273._o and_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1677._o that_o the_o precedent_n and_o practice_n of_o fine_v etc._n etc._n jury_n in_o or_o for_o give_v their_o verdict_n be_v illegal_a and_o keeling_n chief_a justice_n of_o b._n r._n be_v call_v to_o question_v in_o parliament_n for_o such_o practice_n coke_n upon_o lit._n f._n 369._o say_v if_o any_o labour_n a_o jury_n instruct_v they_o or_o put_v they_o in_o fear_n or_o the_o like_a it_o be_v punishable_a as_o maintenance_n or_o embracery_n either_o at_o king_n suit_n or_o at_o party_n and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v puzzle_v one_o to_o show_v why_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n for_o how_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o do_v this_o as_o a_o judge_n when_o to_o do_v so_o be_v no_o part_n of_o his_o office_n and_o why_o shall_v any_o usage_n alter_v the_o case_n here_o any_o more_o than_o in_o other_o case_n of_o break_v the_o law_n it_o be_v much_o too_o any_o judge_n shall_v offer_v such_o a_o thing_n consider_v he_o that_o judge_n without_o a_o jury_n certain_o judge_n without_o authority_n and_o he_o that_o judge_n with_o a_o jury_n but_o govern_v or_o lead_v by_o he_o judges_z only_o by_o colour_n of_o a_o jury_n and_o by_o colour_n of_o authority_n and_o thus_o make_v himself_o forswear_v in_o and_o by_o the_o oath_n take_v at_o his_o be_v create_v judge_n make_v the_o jury_n all_o forswear_a violate_v the_o great_a privilege_n of_o the_o subject_a infringe_n the_o most_o often_o confirm_v law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o also_o do_v particular_o the_o party_n offend_v the_o great_a wrong_n imaginable_a in_o as_o much_o as_o by_o colour_n of_o law_n and_o make_v all_o the_o jury_n accessary_n to_o the_o whole_a hence_o it_o be_v improbable_a any_o judge_n shall_v offer_v the_o contrary_a but_o however_o a_o jury_n in_o any_o indictment_n presentment_n or_o information_n aught_o and_o may_v give_v their_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o their_o own_o conscience_n without_o any_o fear_n of_o punishment_n one_o way_n or_o other_o and_o in_o any_o other_o case_n as_o where_o the_o king_n be_v no_o party_n but_o a_o attaint_n happen_v to_o lie_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v no_o other_o way_n
21._o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n pluck_v off_o and_o eat_v the_o ear_n of_o another_o corn_n mat._n 12._o and_o he_o because_o he_o have_v need_n of_o a_o ass_n take_v that_o be_v none_o of_o he_o but_o another_o and_o have_v lazarus_n ready_a to_o perish_v take_a dives_n crumb_n against_o his_o will_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v no_o more_o sin_v than_o he_o mis-behaves_a himself_o that_o do_v what_o the_o lord_n bid_v and_o the_o steward_n forbid_v under_o the_o rule_v aforesaid_a a_o jury_n therefore_o not_o observe_v the_o rule_v aforesaid_a give_v a_o verdict_n not_o only_o against_o the_o present_a and_o immediate_a defendant_n but_o also_o in_o he_o even_o against_o david_n christ_n etc._n etc._n represent_v thus_o in_o his_o case_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o of_o the_o admiralty_n particular_o if_o a_o distress_a ship_n take_v water_n by_o force_n of_o another_o where_o be_v plenty_n it_o be_v no_o theft_n because_o of_o the_o necessity_n so_o adjudge_v several_a time_n if_o a_o indictment_n mention_v one_o seditious_o and_o design_v to_o disturb_v the_o government_n and_o to_o withdraw_v from_o the_o king_n the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o say_v of_o he_o such_o and_o such_o word_n here_o the_o word_n may_v perhaps_o be_v speak_v within_o the_o privilege_n of_o discourse_n in_o parliament_n or_o in_o a_o jocular_a way_n or_o ironical_o when_o one_o mean_v the_o contrary_a or_o by_o way_n of_o supposition_n in_o argument_n or_o when_o one_o mean_v a_o contrary_a thing_n or_o no_o harm_n at_o all_o and_o this_o perhaps_o too_o explain_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o other_o word_n according_o or_o the_o word_n in_o the_o indictment_n be_v but_o part_n of_o the_o sentence_n etc._n etc._n or_o transpose_v or_o some_o how_o else_o alter_v so_o if_o a_o complaint_n be_v that_o one_o false_o and_o malicious_o and_o withal_o design_v to_o break_v his_o credit_n and_o ruin_v his_o trade_n call_v such_o a_o one_o a_o bankrupt_a here_o perhaps_o he_o be_v a_o bankrupt_a then_o or_o no_o tradesman_n at_o all_o therefore_o in_o these_o and_o such_o case_n the_o circumstance_n allege_v be_v not_o employ_v necessary_o though_o the_o fact_n or_o word_n be_v speak_v they_o must_v be_v prove_v but_o to_o instance_n some_o case_n adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n themselves_o if_o a._n bring_v a_o appeal_n against_o b._n and_o b._n be_v after_o acquit_v now_o shall_v b._n indict_v a._n for_o malicious_o etc._n etc._n bring_v the_o appeal_n the_o indictment_n ought_v not_o be_v find_v if_o b._n be_v indict_v before_o of_o the_o same_o fault_n he_o be_v after_o appeal_v against_o for_o because_o his_o be_v before_o indict_v prove_v there_o be_v at_o least_o colourable_a reason_n why_o the_o appeal_n be_v bring_v and_o not_o malice_n only_o coron_n 178._o 40_o e._n 3._o 42._o a_o chururgion_n be_v indict_v for_o that_o he_o by_o negligence_n in_o cure_v one_o hand_n maim_v it_o the_o negligence_n must_v be_v prove_v 48_o e._n 3._o 6._o 11_o h._n 6._o 18._o so_o in_o action_n for_o word_n which_o hold_v the_o same_o law_n as_o in_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n a._n sue_v b._n for_o false_o and_o malicious_o call_v he_o be_v a_o heir_n a_o bastard_n action_n will_v not_o lie_v if_o b._n pretend_v himself_o heir_n for_o than_o it_o be_v not_o malicious_o but_o only_o as_o it_o be_v in_o order_n to_o get_v or_o claim_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a thus_o to_o slander_v another_o justify_v one_o be_v own_o title_n co._n 4._o 10._o so_o molton_n sue_v clapham_n for_o that_o a_o suit_n depend_v between_o they_o upon_o read_v certain_a affidavit_n in_o court_n clapham_n open_o then_o and_o there_o false_o and_o malicious_o say_v there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n true_a in_o the_o affidavit_n and_o that_o he_o will_v prove_v it_o by_o 40_o witness_n here_o the_o word_n though_o be_v agree_v false_a yet_o be_v not_o speak_v malicious_o but_o out_o of_o other_o design_n as_o in_o his_o defence_n etc._n etc._n as_o aforesaid_a action_n do_v not_o lie_v b._n r._n 14_o c._n 1._o rot._n 459._o so_o a_o councillor_n call_v one_o a_o thief_n at_o a_o trial_n the_o like_a for_o it_o be_v not_o malicious_a etc._n etc._n if_o material_a for_o the_o cause_n he_o manage_n montagues_n c._n so_o where_o a._n say_v to_o his_o friend_n b._n that_o c._n have_v the_o french_a pox_n therefore_o advise_v he_o not_o to_o keep_v he_o company_n for_o speak_v as_o advice_n to_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o malicious_o james_n and_o rudley_n c._n 40_o 41_o el._n in_o b._n and_o thus_o be_v further_o see_v the_o cause_n or_o occasion_n of_o speak_v word_n or_o do_v any_o thing_n must_v be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o word_n or_o fact_n and_o say_v coke_n this_o be_v a_o general_n rule_n co._n 4._o 14._o also_o it_o be_v another_o rule_n all_o offence_n in_o fact_n or_o word_n aught_o in_o construction_n to_o be_v make_v the_o least_o of_o possible_a verba_fw-la accipienda_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la word_n shall_v be_v take_v speak_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v most_o innocent_a etc._n etc._n see_v of_o this_o several_a example_n co._n 4._o 17._o hob._n 473._o c._n 4._o 19_o co._n 4._o 13._o for_o the_o law_n will_v presume_v innocency_n further_o than_o downright_o prove_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o juries_n shall_v not_o be_v cautious_a as_o aforesaid_a one_o may_v be_v indict_v etc._n etc._n for_o say_v the_o king_n be_v a_o fit_a man_n to_o govern_v or_o for_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n suppose_v a._n be_v indict_v for_o malicious_o and_o with_o a_o design_n to_o withdraw_v the_o king_n subject_n from_o their_o due_a allegiance_n etc._n etc._n say_v the_o king_n be_v a_o fit_a man_n to_o govern_v and_o a._n shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o it_o because_o he_o say_v these_o word_n a._n will_v be_v in_o a_o sad_a case_n the_o judge_n must_v give_v judgement_n as_o if_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v ironical_o or_o in_o a_o contrary_a sense_n than_o they_o be_v for_o so_o the_o circumstance_n allege_v import_v though_o be_v find_v of_o course_n if_o a_o jury_n find_v a_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o word_n felonicè_fw-la in_o it_o they_o find_v one_o guilty_a of_o felony_n be_v the_o fact_n what_o it_o will_v and_o so_o as_o a_o felon_n the_o defendant_n must_v suffer_v so_o also_o if_o the_o word_n proditoriè_fw-fr for_o high_a treason_n and_o why_o may_v not_o they_o as_o justifiable_o find_v these_o word_n of_o course_n as_o other_o not_o necessary_o employ_v where_o a_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o statute_n than_o every_o little_a word_n must_v be_v prove_v that_o be_v also_o in_o the_o statute_n though_o seem_v employ_v or_o little_o more_o than_o immaterial_a this_o all_o agree_v for_o want_v of_o these_o and_o such_o like_a observation_n one_o tho._n burdett_n esq_n be_v condemn_v hang_v and_o behead_v at_o tyburn_n in_o edward_n the_o four_o time_n when_o the_o matter_n prove_v be_v only_o that_o he_o be_v absent_a the_o king_n hunt_v in_o his_o park_n and_o kill_v a_o white_a buck_n which_o mr._n burdett_n fancy_v above_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o deer_n and_o that_o mr._n burdett_n hear_v of_o this_o wish_v the_o buck_n horn_n in_o his_o belly_n that_o advise_v the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v speed'_v hist._n 700._o much_o like_o be_v it_o also_o with_o one_o walter_n walker_n who_o be_v behead_v in_o smithfield_n anno_fw-la 1476._o when_o all_o prove_v against_o he_o be_v only_o that_o he_o live_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o cheapside_n london_n say_v to_o his_o child_n to_o pacify_v he_o when_o he_o cry_v peace_n peace_n child_n thou_o shall_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o who_o can_v open_v some_o juryman_n eye_n to_o see_v how_o like_o a_o ox_n lead_v to_o the_o slaughter_n they_o be_v impose_v upon_o and_o cheat_v to_o cheat_v other_o of_o their_o life_n fortune_n and_o all_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o though_o by_o their_o example_n too_o of_o act_v thus_o they_o make_v precedent_n and_o give_v countenance_n to_o after_o jury_n to_o be_v like_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o expose_v and_o render_v themselves_o they_o know_v not_o how_o soon_o in_o the_o same_o predicament_n and_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o criminal_a be_v they_o punish_v or_o by_o the_o evidence_n give_v you_o evidence_n be_v only_o such_o a_o testimony_n that_o make_v somewhat_o relate_v to_o the_o issue_n or_o matter_n in_o question_n clear_a manifest_a and_o plain_a to_o the_o jury_n hence_o say_v coke_n lit._n 283._o probationes_fw-la debent_fw-la esse_fw-la evidentes_fw-la &_o perspicuae_fw-la and_o thus_o be_v it_o all_o the_o witness_n or_o testimony_n in_o the_o world_n of_o
c._n 30._o pray_v against_o poverty_n the_o reason_n allege_a lest_o be_v poor_a one_o shall_v steal_v and_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o vain_a and_o it_o be_v for_o something_o the_o poet_n say_v quantum_fw-la cuique_fw-la suâ_fw-la nummorum_fw-la seruat_fw-la in_o arcâ_fw-la tantum_n habet_fw-la &_o fidei_fw-la juvenal_n as_o for_o servant_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n common_o of_o poor_a man_n and_o worse_o for_o more_o apt_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o obedience_n or_o favour_n or_o else_o out_o of_o malice_n etc._n etc._n against_o or_o for_o their_o lord_n etc._n etc._n before_o the_o conquest_n the_o oath_n of_o a_o thane_n one_o of_o like_a degree_n then_o as_o a_o yeoman_n be_v now_o be_v in_o law_n equivalent_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o six_o villain_n pagan_n etc._n etc._n servant_n that_o be_v bind_v lamb._n 56._o 200._o as_o for_o person_n any_o wise_a infamous_a such_o will_v not_o value_v or_o stand_v upon_o their_o credit_n or_o but_o the_o less_o since_o have_v little_a or_o none_o to_o lose_v and_o over_o shoe_n over_o boot_n as_o for_o criminal_a person_n it_o be_v a_o maxim_n justitia_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la cum_fw-la scelerato_fw-la commorcium_fw-la habere_fw-la he_o that_o have_v be_v once_o wicked_a or_o in_o one_o thing_n may_v be_v suspect_v again_o or_o in_o another_o thing_n hence_o where_o a_o desendant_n be_v suppose_v in_o law_n guilty_a but_o of_o a_o contempt_n trespass_n deceit_n or_o injury_n he_o shall_v not_o wage_v his_o law_n for_o the_o law_n will_v not_o believe_v he_o though_o will_v believe_v another_o against_o who_o be_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n detinue_n or_o account_n co._n l._n 295._o as_o for_o one_o under_o 14_o year_n old_a such_o be_v as_o our_o law_n say_v not_o arrive_v at_o discretion_n such_o may_v mistake_v be_v influence_v etc._n etc._n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n but_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o if_o juries_n hear_v all_o person_n weigh_v their_o testimony_n as_o aught_o a_o jury_n shall_v mislike_v any_o witness_n also_o that_o in_o his_o evidence_n vary_v deliver_v himself_o in_o any_o passion_n speak_v at_o random_n or_o not_o cautious_o or_o seem_v to_o side_n with_o or_o against_o either_o party_n or_o to_o argue_v or_o to_o offer_v prove_v negative_n none_o can_v swear_v a_o negative_a nor_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o give_v testimony_n direct_o against_o a_o affirmative_a 48_o e._n 3._o 30._o 12_o h._n 6._o 6._o assize_n 408._o 12_o h._n 4._o 9_o 50._o e._n 3._o 16._o 43_o e._n 3._o 32._o fleta_n liâ—_n 6._o c._n fnb._n 136._o h._n 97._o c._n a_o jury_n may_v take_v notice_n of_o particular_a statute_n patent_n judgement_n and_o other_o record_n give_v in_o evidence_n and_o may_v go_v against_o estopel_n conclusion_n etc._n etc._n so_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o very_a truth_n for_o they_o must_v speak_v the_o truth_n in_o all_o case_n co._n 4._o 53._o it_o be_v much_o the_o jury_n do_v not_o always_o examine_v witness_n themselves_o if_o he_o that_o examine_v they_o be_v corrupt_v or_o any_o wise_a ill_n affect_v he_o may_v easy_o mislead_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o evidence_n he_o may_v countenance_v which_o side_n he_o will_v please_o hear_v the_o one_o side_n on_o one_o sort_n but_o the_o other_o not_o without_o brow-beating_a and_o uneasiness_n he_o may_v frighten_v discountenance_n divert_v puzzle_n distract_v or_o otherwise_o abuse_v a_o witness_n he_o may_v flatter_v wheadle_n prompt_v ask_v lead_v question_n direct_v etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o darken_v and_o perplex_v the_o truth_n how_o do_v a_o jury_n discharge_v its_o conscience_n thus_o the_o jury_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n also_o of_o what_o be_v say_v and_o how_o the_o verdict_n shall_v be_v give_v and_o they_o who_o conscience_n be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v and_o certain_o know_v best_a what_o they_o want_v to_o know_v etc._n etc._n unless_o walk_v by_o implicit_a faith_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a to_o ask_v the_o question_n all_o that_o be_v aforesaid_a shall_v also_o the_o rather_o be_v as_o propose_v consider_v how_o the_o law_n be_v now_o alter_v as_o to_o accuser_n judge_n witness_n councillor_n solicitor_n etc._n etc._n ancient_o omnis_fw-la qui_fw-la crimen_fw-la objicit_fw-la scribat_fw-la se_fw-la probaturum_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la quenquam_fw-la judicari_fw-la vel_fw-la damnari_fw-la priusquam_fw-la legitimos_fw-la accusatores_fw-la habeat_fw-la present_n ll._n guil._n 1._o c._n 5._o all_o person_n that_o indict_v any_o other_o be_v to_o be_v sufficient_a responsible_a etc._n etc._n co._n 5._o 120._o accuser_n give_v security_n to_o answer_v damage_n if_o the_o accusation_n prove_v false_a mir._n 19_o 120_o 124_o 147_o 195._o glanv_n 75._o longum_fw-la carceris_fw-la inducunt_fw-la inclusionem_fw-la cum_fw-la redemptione_n falsae_fw-la appellationes_fw-la &_o hujusmodi_fw-la abettatores_fw-la fleta_n 142._o fine_n be_v set_v on_o appellour_n 11_o r._n 2._o fine_n 2._o 15_o e._n 3._o fine_n 49._o 107._o if_o a._n bring_v a_o appeal_n in_o any_o case_n and_o be_v either_o bar_v nonsuit_v or_o his_o writ_n abate_v he_o be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v immediate_o without_o defendant_n trouble_v 8_o h._n 4._o 17._o 20._o brit._n 245._o 32._o ass._n 9_o 42._o e._n 3._o 26._o appellee_n acquit_v the_o appellour_n be_v by_o the_o same_o judgement_n without_o more_o trouble_v imprison_v a_o year_n and_o day_n and_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o credit_n trouble_v charges_n etc._n etc._n of_o appellee_n beside_o undergo_v a_o grievous_a ransom_n or_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v it_o of_o abettor_n or_o encourager_n of_o the_o prosecution_n fleta_n 53._o it_o be_v death_n to_o appeal_v innocent_a person_n of_o any_o mortal_a crime_n till_o h._n 1._o bring_v it_o to_o corporal_a punishment_n and_o satisfy_v the_o party_n grieve_v his_o damage_n mir._n 250_o 251._o so_o the_o lawyer_n be_v punish_v for_o assist_v the_o accuser_n and_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n imprisonment_n inflict_v on_o a_o sergeant_n lawyer_n attorney_n or_o clerk_n to_o use_v deceit_n or_o collusion_n in_o a_o court_n or_o consent_v to_o it_o either_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n or_o any_o person_n else_o fleta_n 87._o councillor_n be_v to_o be_v suspend_v practice_n if_o tender_v false_a delay_n false_a witness_n know_o use_v deceit_n fiction_n or_o untruth_n to_o the_o court_n and_o be_v to_o swear_v not_o to_o maintain_v or_o defend_v any_o wrong_n or_o falsity_n mir._n 121_o 122._o and_o it_o be_v by_o a_o kind_a construction_n they_o be_v not_o yet_o liable_a in_o several_a case_n to_o be_v punish_v as_o barrettor_n maintainer_n etc._n etc._n a_o assize_n do_v lie_v against_o councillor_n attorney_n etc._n etc._n by_o who_o ill_a practice_n or_o mean_v any_o one_o lose_v but_o a_o freehold_n inland_n mir._n 154._o 209._o brit._n 315._o so_o witness_n have_v former_o be_v punish_v severe_o in_o the_o scripture_n the_o story_n of_o susanna_n the_o witness_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o moses_n law_n it_o be_v eye_n for_o eye_n and_o tooth_n for_o tooth_n life_n for_o life_n etc._n etc._n against_o false_a witness_n deut._n 19_o 21._o by_o the_o law_n cornelâ—a_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o witness_n that_o occasion_v another_o death_n by_o false_a testimony_n lose_v his_o head_n if_o one_o of_o the_o great_a quality_n else_o he_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o cross_n or_o give_v to_o wild_a beast_n simler_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o of_o moses_n be_v most_o so_o with_o we_o only_o sometime_o it_o be_v banishment_n etc._n etc._n ll._n ed._n c._n 3._o ethelst_n c._n 10._o 25._o edm._n c._n 6._o 35_o etc._n etc._n edw._n &_o gru._n c._n 11._o aussi_fw-fr sont_fw-fr homicide_n devolunt_fw-la juges_fw-la &_o tesmonis_fw-la que_fw-la fauss_n mir._n 34_o 36._o false_a judge_n and_o false_a witness_n be_v guilty_a of_o wilful_o kill_v men._n after_o it_o come_v to_o cut_v out_o of_o tongue_n mir._n c._n 4._o ll._n canut_n c._n 15._o as_o for_o judge_n they_o be_v account_v disseissour_n if_o wrong_v any_o one_o in_o his_o title_n brit._n 137._o mir._n 154._o 209._o brit._n 315._o in_o scotland_n judex_n qui_fw-fr ter_z malè_fw-la judicasse_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la perdit_fw-la officium_fw-la &_o fit_a infamis_fw-la stat._n rob._n 1._o c._n 28._o a_o judge_n convict_v of_o have_v thrice_o ill_o judge_v lose_v his_o office_n and_o be_v adjudge_v infamous_a say_v glanvil_n tenetur_fw-la curia_fw-la judicium_fw-la suum_fw-la tueri_fw-la per_fw-la duellum_fw-la &_o maximè_fw-la per_fw-la illum_fw-la qui_fw-la judicium_fw-la reddidit_fw-la et_fw-la quidem_fw-la si_fw-la curia_fw-la de_fw-fr falso_fw-la judicio_fw-la convicta_fw-la fuerit_fw-la dominus_fw-la curiae_fw-la in_o misericordiâ_fw-la regis_fw-la manet_fw-la &_o perpetuò_fw-la curiam_fw-la amittit_fw-la praeâ—rea_fw-la tota_fw-la curia_fw-la in_o misericordia_fw-la regis_fw-la renanet_fw-la glanv_n 66._o altresi_n qui_fw-la faus_fw-la jugement_n fuit_fw-la pert_a sa_o be_v si_fw-fr il_fw-fr
ne_fw-fr pret_fw-la prover_n sore_a saintz_n que_fw-fr melz_n ne_fw-la post_fw-la juger_fw-fr lamb._n 162_o 64._o also_o whosoever_o give_v a_o false_a judgement_n shall_v forfeit_v his_o be_v what_o be_v life_n be_v worth_a unless_o can_v prove_v on_o oath_n he_o can_v judge_v no_o better_o judge_n if_o condemn_v one_o to_o death_n against_o their_o knowledge_n or_o by_o ignorance_n of_o or_o in_o what_o they_o ought_v not_o as_o judges_z be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o be_v murderer_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o die_v as_o such_o mir._n 256._o v._o bract._n 412_o king_n alfred_n law_n be_v that_o false_a judge_n because_o dishonour_v god_n who_o vicar_n they_o be_v the_o scripture_n call_v they_o god_n and_o the_o king_n which_o raise_v they_o to_o such_o a_o honourable_a seat_n as_o the_o chair_n of_o god_n they_o shall_v first_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v forfeit_v what_o else_o they_o have_v and_o suffer_v further_a punishment_n at_o king_n will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o if_o they_o false_o put_v to_o death_n any_o then_o to_o die_v themselves_o and_o always_o at_o least_o to_o suffer_v like_a for_o like_a mir._n 265._o 301._o appeal_v of_o one_o death_n lie_v against_o a_o judge_n for_o judge_v one_o false_o or_o wrongful_o to_o death_n mir._n 136_o 258_o 298._o presentment_n be_v make_v against_o chancellor_n judge_n etc._n etc._n for_o break_v their_o oath_n mir._n 144._o there_o be_v 44_o judge_n hang_v in_o one_o year_n for_o wrongful_a judgement_n mir._n 296._o etc._n etc._n and_o say_v the_o same_o book_n it_o be_v a_o abuse_n that_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o so_o now_o 296._o what_o become_v of_o tresilian_n and_o belknap_n of_o late_a year_n but_o now_o the_o law_n seem_v clear_a otherwise_o we_o have_v little_a or_o no_o punishment_n against_o chancellor_n judge_n councillor_n attorney_n clerk_n witness_n etc._n etc._n yet_o be_v jury_n then_o so_o cautious_a as_o aforesaid_a with_o and_o against_o they_o where_o now_o therefore_o how_o many_o time_n more_o jealous_a and_o cautious_a have_v they_o reason_n and_o shall_v they_o be_v the_o law_n consider_v the_o great_a burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o juryman_n have_v favour_v they_o with_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v as_o aforesaid_a take_v upon_o they_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o the_o law_n be_v in_o the_o matter_n or_o upon_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o well_o as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o so_o give_v in_o a_o verdict_n general_o that_o the_o defendant_n be_v guilty_a or_o not_o or_o they_o may_v give_v in_o only_a the_o matter_n of_o fact_n particular_o how_o they_o find_v it_o to_o be_v and_o then_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n to_o determine_v or_o they_o may_v acquaint_v the_o judge_n how_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n stand_v and_o then_o ask_v the_o judge_n their_o opinion_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o then_o determine_v the_o whole_a matter_n themselves_o the_o grand_a jury_n strike_v out_o of_o the_o indictment_n what_o they_o be_v not_o certain_a be_v true_a or_o may_v any_o wise_a alter_v it_o to_o what_o they_o be_v certain_a be_v true_a or_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v in_o it_o they_o be_v doubtful_a of_o they_o may_v superscribe_v it_o ignoramus_n at_o their_o election_n in_o all_o these_o case_n thus_o if_o a_o jury_n find_v the_o word_n not_o speak_v or_o the_o fact_n not_o do_v with_o and_o according_a to_o the_o aggravation_n and_o circumstance_n in_o a_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n mention_v they_o ought_v either_o not_o find_v the_o indictment_n for_o one_o not_o be_v guilty_a as_o the_o indictment_n mention_n be_v consequent_o not_o guilty_a of_o that_o indictment_n but_o rather_o seem_v if_o guilty_a at_o all_o guilty_a of_o some_o other_o matter_n than_o which_o he_o stand_v indict_v of_o and_o so_o of_o some_o other_o indictment_n only_o and_o then_o let_v the_o prosecutor_n if_o so_o fond_a of_o trouble_v his_o neighbour_n bring_v such_o other_o or_o strike_v out_o what_o they_o have_v not_o sufficient_a evidence_n of_o as_o do_v often_o in_o indictment_n of_o murder_n which_o say_v the_o defendant_n of_o his_o malice_n forethought_a felonious_o kill_v and_o murder_v such_o a_o one_o strike_v out_o the_o word_n of_o his_o malice_n forethought_a and_o murder_v have_v no_o evidence_n of_o the_o malice_n but_o sufficient_a of_o the_o rest_n and_o then_o endorse_v it_o billa_z vera_fw-la and_o so_o find_v the_o bill_n manslaughter_n instead_o of_o murder_n so_o be_v it_o of_o a_o indictment_n against_o ld._n chandois_n and_o count_n arundel_n his_o second_o in_o a_o duel_n in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o evidence_n prove_v a_o fact_n do_v only_o by_o mischance_n defend_v one_o self_n in_o time_n and_o place_n of_o war_n when_o defendant_n be_v non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la a_o officer_n do_v his_o office_n etc._n etc._n the_o grand_a jury_n alter_v the_o indictment_n according_o so_o of_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n only_o it_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n but_o instead_o of_o alter_a murder_n to_o manslaughter_n etc._n etc._n as_o aforesaid_a in_o the_o indictment_n they_o only_o say_v guilty_a of_o manslaughter_n and_o not_o of_o murder_n or_o guilty_a of_o chance-medley_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o they_o may_v tell_v the_o court_n particular_o and_o plain_o how_o they_o find_v the_o truth_n in_o and_o of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o be_v so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o fact_n or_o what_o be_v do_v or_o say_v as_o in_o case_n of_o word_n what_o be_v speak_v where_o to_o what_o intent_n &c_n &c_n and_o so_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o court_n to_o judge_v on_o it_o according_a to_o law_n and_o to_o tell_v what_o the_o law_n be_v thereupon_o and_o so_o be_v discharge_v themselves_o which_o be_v call_v give_v a_o special_a verdict_n suppose_v a._n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n on_o a_o bond_n against_o b._n as_o heir_n of_o c._n and_o b._n plead_v he_o have_v nothing_o from_o c._n to_o pay_v any_o thing_n with_o and_o a._n reply_n that_o he_o have_v etc._n etc._n and_o so_o the_o issue_n be_v join_v or_o what_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o try_v be_v whether_o b._n have_v any_o thing_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o not_o a._n prove_v that_o b._n have_v before_o the_o action_n bring_v something_o so_o but_o alien_v by_o fraud_n and_o ill_a practice_n to_o deceive_v a._n of_o his_o debt_n now_o they_o find_v the_o matter_n or_o case_n to_o be_v thus_o indeed_o and_o the_o law_n be_v for_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n 13_o el._n that_o such_o aliening_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o consequent_a the_o heir_n chargeable_a nevertheless_o they_o may_v if_o will_v as_o aforesaid_a either_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o know_v the_o law_n and_o in_o this_o or_o any_o case_n say_v general_o they_o find_v for_o a._n or_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n but_o only_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o so_o tell_v the_o court_n how_o and_o what_o they_o find_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v and_o thus_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o court_n to_o judge_v in_o law_n whether_o ought_v to_o be_v find_v for_o and_o this_o be_v their_o most_o safe_a way_n to_o this_o end_n be_v the_o stat._n of_o west_n 2._o c._n 3._o that_o if_o a_o jury_n doubt_v on_o the_o evidence_n what_o the_o law_n be_v and_o therefore_o what_o to_o do_v they_o may_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n to_o determine_v but_o say_v coke_n this_o statute_n be_v only_o in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n inst._n 2._o 425._o 13_o e._n 1._o 39_o see_v a_o special_a verdict_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n co._n 4._o 44._o co._n 9_o 63._o one_o in_o a_o information_n n._n b._n entr._n 375_o 378._o co._n 1._o 22._o one_o in_o attaint_n dy._n 173._o so_o in_o a_o case_n about_o murder_n the_o jury_n tell_v the_o court_n they_o find_v the_o kill_v itself_o to_o be_v true_a but_o not_o the_o kill_v felonious_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o so_o ask_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n if_o it_o be_v murder_n go._n 9_o 69._o so_o the_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n indict_v for_o riotous_o tear_v the_o petition_n guilty_a of_o tear_v the_o petition_n but_o not_o of_o the_o riot_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v doubt_v in_o moor_n c._n 1002._o whether_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_a a_o jury_n may_v give_v a_o special_a verdict_n but_o as_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o if_o the_o cause_n be_v indifferent_o plain_a as_o to_o the_o law_n the_o jury_n themselves_o shall_v not_o put_v a_o end_n to_o it_o give_v a_o general_n verdict_n as_o guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a etc._n etc._n without_o so_o much_o further_a charge_n loss_n of_o time_n increase_v of_o trouble_n as_o otherwise_o must_v needs_o follow_v yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n there_o be_v as_o
little_a why_o if_o there_o be_v difficulty_n in_o law_n upon_o the_o case_n that_o they_o being_n most_o unlearned_a in_o law_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o find_v general_o guilty_a or_o not_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o find_v and_o say_v on_o a_o sudden_a what_o be_v the_o very_a law_n as_o well_o as_o fact_n when_o some_o such_o case_n have_v several_a year_n puzzle_v all_o the_o judge_n to_o resolve_v and_o it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o the_o election_n of_o give_v a_o special_a verdict_n or_o general_a verdict_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o judge_n too_o for_o the_o jury_n best_o know_v themselves_o their_o own_o capacity_n and_o strength_n do_v therefore_o best_o know_v when_o meet_a with_o difficulty_n to_o they_o in_o law_n and_o so_o when_o to_o give_v the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o according_o be_v 〈◊〉_d best_a opinion_n that_o the_o jury_n may_v choose_v 〈◊〉_d the_o action_n etc._n etc._n real_a personal_a or_o mix_v civil_a criminal_a public_a or_o private_a and_o be_v the_o issue_n general_a or_o special_a or_o in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n must_v accept_v of_o and_o can_v refuse_v such_o verdict_n 13_o e._n 1._o 30._o fitz._n i._o of_o p._n 114._o co._n 9_o 14._o inst._n 2._o 425._o inst._n 4._o co._n l._n 227_o 228._o either_o jury_n may_v at_o any_o time_n alter_v their_o opinion_n or_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n before_o record_v in_o court_n fitz._n i._n of_o p._n 114._o co._n l._n 227._o all_o say_v any_o where_o above_o of_o grand_a jury_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o other_o jury_n and_o no_o body_n will_v offer_v to_o deny_v but_o other_o juries_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o strict_a circumspect_a and_o careful_a etc._n etc._n as_o aforesaid_a though_o will_v pretend_v otherwise_o of_o grand_a jury_n at_fw-fr petit_fw-fr jury_n may_v abridge_v a_o fault_n a_o grand_a jury_n find_v one_o guilty_a of_o but_o can_v enlarge_v it_o as_o one_o indict_v of_o murder_n may_v by_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o manslaughter_n chance-medley_n etc._n etc._n instead_o thereof_o but_o one_o be_v indict_v of_o manslaughter_n can_v by_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n or_o any_o great_a crime_n than_o manslaughter_n at_fw-fr petit_fw-fr jury_n can_v give_v any_o verdict_n against_o any_o one_o where_o life_n or_o member_n be_v in_o question_n or_o danger_n but_o only_o in_o the_o court_n while_o also_o it_o be_v sit_v etc._n etc._n though_o in_o other_o case_n may_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o author_n sir_n have_v by_o your_o friend_n receive_v your_o treatise_n concern_v jury_n with_o desire_n that_o i_o shall_v show_v it_o to_o one_o who_o course_n of_o study_n be_v so_o well_o know_v to_o be_v conversant_a with_o ancient_a record_n and_o book_n as_o his_o judgement_n be_v worthy_o esteem_v i_o do_v after_o i_o have_v read_v it_o over_o perform_v that_o trust_n by_o show_v it_o to_o that_o learned_a gentleman_n who_o opinion_n your_o friend_n tell_v i_o be_v desire_v and_o further_o by_o that_o gentleman_n it_o be_v communicate_v to_o another_o worthy_a person_n of_o the_o same_o course_n of_o study_n and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v it_o over_o i_o from_o they_o return_v it_o to_o you_o with_o assurance_n that_o they_o as_o well_o as_o i_o have_v have_v much_o satisfaction_n and_o delight_n by_o see_v so_o useful_a subject_a matter_n so_o learned_o treat_v of_o in_o a_o time_n when_o the_o publish_v it_o seem_v not_o only_o seasonable_a but_o necessary_a i_o wish_v we_o may_v have_v the_o happiness_n to_o know_v you_o but_o be_v assure_v by_o your_o friend_n that_o you_o have_v take_v a_o resolution_n as_o yet_o to_o conceal_v your_o name_n we_o must_v for_o the_o present_a think_v it_o enough_o to_o believe_v that_o treatise_n be_v compose_v by_o a_o worthy_a as_o we_o find_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o no_o other_o than_o a_o learned_a man._n and_o i_o must_v in_o return_v your_o manuscript_n present_v you_o some_o matter_n and_o case_n 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prison_n his_o good_n inventory_v and_o guard_n set_v upon_o his_o house_n to_o prevent_v pretend_a imbezlement_n and_o his_o credit_n and_o reputation_n utter_o ruin_v without_o remedy_n and_o after_o all_o this_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v the_o grand_a jury_n do_v well_o to_o find_v the_o bill_n from_o whence_o all_o these_o sad_a and_o woeful_a consequence_n follow_v upon_o such_o late_o applaud_v notion_n that_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o credibility_n of_o the_o evidence_n or_o that_o though_o citizen_n be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n till_o his_o trial_n by_o another_o jury_n again_o how_o much_o will_v such_o principle_n have_v be_v abhor_v and_o declaim_v against_o if_o a_o woman_n notorious_a for_o be_v a_o common_a whore_n shall_v have_v indict_v the_o late_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o a_o rape_n and_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v have_v find_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o the_o archbishop_n be_v to_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n suspend_v from_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n his_o good_n and_o chattel_n all_o over_o england_n inventory_v by_o the_o sheriff_n will_v the_o plea_n have_v excuse_v the_o grand_a jury_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o any_o unbiased_a and_o impartial_a man_n that_o though_o they_o believe_v in_o their_o conscience_n that_o the_o lewd_a woman_n swear_v false_a yet_o they_o be_v to_o find_v according_a to_o her_o positive_a evidence_n they_o as_o so_o many_o parish-clark_n be_v but_o to_o say_v amen_o to_o her_o oath_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o so_o find_v billa_z vera_fw-la against_o that_o eminent_a prelate_n it_o may_v be_v also_o consider_v whether_o the_o statute_n 13_o car._n 2._o cap._n 1._o which_o require_v that_o person_n shall_v be_v indict_v and_o accuse_v by_o the_o testimony_n and_o deposition_n of_o two_o lawful_a and_o credible_a witness_n upon_o oath_n can_v be_v interpret_v to_o make_v the_o testimony_n of_o two_o witness_n not_o credible_a sufficient_a evidence_n if_o the_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v credible_a as_o the_o statute_n plain_o declare_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v than_o it_o may_v be_v further_o ask_v who_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n thereof_o if_o the_o judge_n then_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o determine_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o so_o become_v judge_n both_o of_o law_n and_o fact_n and_o what_o need_v then_o be_v there_o of_o grand_fw-fr juries_n but_o that_o the_o credibility_n of_o the_o life_n as_o well_o as_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o evidence_n of_o the_o witness_n be_v entire_o lest_o to_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v plain_a from_o this_o that_o if_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n be_v produce_v as_o a_o witness_n he_o must_v in_o that_o respect_n for_o that_o time_n leave_v his_o place_n as_o a_o judge_n and_o be_v swear_v and_o appear_v before_o the_o
grand_a jury_n as_o any_o other_o ordinary_a witness_n beside_o if_o the_o entire_a judgement_n of_o the_o evidence_n have_v not_o by_o the_o law_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o jury_n than_o they_o will_v be_v finable_a if_o they_o shall_v refuse_v to_o find_v according_a to_o the_o direct_a swear_v of_o the_o witness_n whether_o true_a or_o false_a probable_a or_o improbable_a to_o they_o and_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o implicit_o follow_v the_o pleasure_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o that_o the_o jury_n be_v not_o finable_a be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n you_o remember_v of_o bushel_n in_o the_o lord_n vaughan_n report_n by_o solemn_a and_o seasonable_a resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o shall_v not_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o credibility_n of_o the_o evidence_n before_o they_o the_o affidavit_n of_o two_o person_n who_o shall_v swear_v treasonable_a word_n against_o any_o man_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o bring_v he_o immediate_o upon_o the_o 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prisoner_n guilty_a and_o they_o go_v together_o to_o consult_v of_o their_o verdict_n eleven_o be_v for_o find_v he_o guilty_a but_o the_o twelve_o man_n be_v against_o it_o this_o beget_v great_a dispute_n and_o the_o judge_n expect_v a_o present_a verdict_n send_v for_o they_o to_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o stay_v so_o long_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o rise_v the_o jury_n tell_v he_o they_o be_v all_o agree_v but_o one_o whereupon_o the_o judge_n ask_v he_o why_o he_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o fellow_n to_o find_v the_o prisoner_n guilty_a see_v there_o be_v so_o plain_a and_o full_a evidence_n to_o this_o the_o twelve_o man_n give_v no_o answer_n where_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v note_v that_o none_o of_o the_o jury_n be_v bind_v to_o declare_v their_o reason_n for_o their_o opinion_n so_o the_o jury_n be_v send_v out_o again_o but_o no_o persuasion_n can_v prevail_v with_o the_o twelve_o man_n to_o agree_v with_o the_o rest_n therefore_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o be_v shut_v up_o all_o night_n without_o meat_n or_o drink_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n great_a be_v the_o complaint_n from_o the_o eleven_o of_o the_o indisposition_n of_o their_o health_n so_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o commiseration_n send_v for_o they_o and_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o twelve_o man_n the_o prisoner_n be_v find_v not_o guilty_a and_o so_o acquit_v after_o the_o jury_n have_v give_v in_o their_o verdict_n the_o chief_a justice_n desire_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o lodging_n after_o the_o court_n shall_v rise_v when_o he_o come_v his_o lordship_n take_v he_o aside_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o country_n look_v on_o he_o as_o a_o honest_a man_n but_o in_o what_o he_o have_v do_v he_o much_o doubt_v there_o be_v something_o extraordinary_a and_o desire_v he_o to_o tell_v he_o what_o it_o be_v the_o juror_n with_o a_o disturb_a mind_n tell_v he_o that_o if_o it_o may_v not_o turn_v to_o his_o prejudice_n he_o will_v discover_v the_o whole_a business_n to_o which_o the_o chief_a justice_n reply_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o and_o give_v he_o his_o hand_n upon_o it_o whereupon_o the_o juror_n with_o tear_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o be_v the_o person_n that_o have_v unfortunate_o kill_v the_o man_n and_o that_o the_o prisoner_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o juror_n have_v not_o seek_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o jury_n and_o confess_v that_o after_o he_o be_v swear_v upon_o his_o lordship_n direction_n and_o the_o jury_n importunity_n he_o have_v once_o resolve_v to_o comply_v and_o find_v the_o prisoner_n guilty_a but_o when_o he_o consider_v that_o be_v to_o add_v perjury_n and_o another_o murder_n unto_o murder_n he_o resolve_v to_o be_v starve_v to_o death_n rather_o than_o to_o agree_v thereunto_o when_o the_o chief_a justice_n have_v hear_v he_o out_o you_o have_v say_v he_o do_v a_o very_a ill_a thing_n but_o see_v you_o have_v not_o add_v one_o cry_v sin_n to_o another_o pray_v god_n for_o pardon_n and_o i_o will_v get_v you_o the_o queen_n pardon_n sir_n you_o have_v mention_v in_o your_o book_n i_o may_v omit_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n that_o jury_n of_o trial_n every_o one_o of_o the_o twelve_o must_v agree_v or_o no_o verdict_n can_v be_v give_v and_o no_o way_n shall_v be_v introduce_v to_o go_v to_o the_o vote_n and_o poll_n among_o themselves_o for_o the_o major_a part_n but_o i_o can_v not_o forbear_v mention_v it_o again_o because_o special_a notice_n shall_v be_v take_v thereof_o and_o also_o of_o what_o you_o have_v very_o well_o observe_v that_o grand_a jury_n ought_v not_o to_o find_v any_o bill_n or_o make_v any_o present_a man_n or_o indictment_n unless_o twelve_o of_o their_o number_n agree_v to_o the_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v very_o clear_a 〈…〉_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n that_o direct_a enquiry_n to_o be_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o all_o the_o say_a statute_n prove_v and_o 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but_o of_o law_n by_o your_o treatise_n may_v more_o full_o be_v see_v and_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o their_o power_n to_o give_v special_a verdict_n as_o well_o in_o capital_a as_o common_a matter_n as_o in_o case_n of_o â—â—dictment_n of_o burglary_n they_o may_v find_v only_o the_o felony_n and_o acquit_v of_o the_o burglary_n and_o many_o such_o like_a case_n as_o where_o indictment_n for_o steal_v good_n therein_o mention_v of_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o pound_n they_o may_v find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v but_o ten_o penny_n and_o so_o to_o be_v but_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o seem_v tedious_a to_o show_v that_o juries_n as_o well_o of_o inquiry_n as_o trial_n have_v sometime_o be_v judge_n also_o in_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n and_o religion_n even_o in_o time_n of_o popery_n as_o in_o case_n of_o praemunire_n such_o ancient_o be_v the_o care_n and_o watchfulness_n which_o our_o law_n provide_v against_o the_o danger_n and_o encroach_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o have_v always_o have_v design_n against_o england_n our_o law_n and_o they_o be_v incompatible_a therefore_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a king_n there_o have_v be_v law_n make_v that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n obtain_v provision_n or_o promotion_n to_o benefice_n or_o if_o any_o appeal_n from_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n to_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n etc._n etc._n they_o shall_v be_v imprison_v during_o life_n and_o forfeit_v their_o land_n and_o good_n and_o be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n and_o we_o know_v that_o the_o way_n of_o inquiry_n and_o trial_n in_o these_o case_n have_v always_o be_v by_o jury_n there_o be_v some_o