have_v well_o observe_v vide_fw-la dyer_n 298._o vide_fw-la le_fw-fr stat._n 27_o eliz._n pasch_fw-mi 9_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la sir_n william_n chancâ—ys_v case_n in_o this_o term_n sir_n william_n chancy_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o this_o court_n and_o be_v a_o prisoner_n in_o the_o fleet_n be_v bring_v to_o â—he_n bar_n by_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la by_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o fleet_n who_o return_v that_o the_o say_a sir_n william_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o fleet_n by_o warrant_n from_o the_o high-commissioner_n in_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n which_o warrant_n follow_v in_o these_o word_n viz._n these_o be_v to_o will_n and_o require_v you_o in_o his_o majesty_n name_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o high-commission_n etc._n etc._n to_o we_o and_o other_o direct_v etc._n etc._n that_o herewithal_o you_o take_v and_o receive_v into_o your_o custody_n the_o body_n of_o sir_n william_n chancy_n knight_n who_o we_o will_v that_o you_o keep_v etc._n etc._n until_o further_a order_n etc._n etc._n let_v you_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o committment_n to_o be_v for_o that_o be_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o his_o lady_n convent_v bâ—fore_o etc._n etc._n for_o adultery_n and_o expel_v she_o from_o his_o company_n and_o co-habiting_a with_o another_o woman_n without_o allow_v she_o any_o competent_a maintenance_n and_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n convict_v thereof_o he_o be_v thereupon_o enjoin_v to_o allow_v his_o wife_n a_o competent_a maintenance_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o perform_v such_o submission_n and_o other_o order_n for_o his_o adultery_n as_o by_o law_n shall_v be_v enjoin_v he_o which_o he_o express_o refuse_v to_o do_v in_o contempt_n etc._n etc._n give_v at_o london_n 19_o martii_fw-la 1611._o subscribe_v henry_n montague_n george_n overall_n thomas_n morton_n zach._n paâ—field_n and_o it_o be_v move_v by_o nicholas_n sergeant_n a_o council_n with_o sir_n william_n that_o this_o return_n be_v insufficient_a 1._o because_o adultery_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o ordinary_a and_o not_o by_o the_o high-commâ—ssioners_a on_o which_o the_o offender_n be_v remediless_a and_o can_v have_v no_o appeal_n quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la concessum_fw-la per_fw-la coke_n warberton_n and_o foster_n but_o walmes_o doubt_v of_o adultery_n 2._o that_o by_o force_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 1._o of_o eliz._n the_o high-commissioner_n can_v imprison_v sir_n william_n for_o adultery_n nor_o for_o deny_v alimony_n to_o his_o wife_n and_o doderidge_n the_o king_n sâ—rjeant_n of_o council_n on_o the_o other_o side_n do_v not_o defend_v the_o imprisonment_n to_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o be_v clear_o agree_v by_o coke_n walmesly_n warberton_n and_o foster_n that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o power_n to_o imprison_v in_o this_o case_n and_o walmâ—sly_o say_v that_o though_o they_o have_v use_v this_o power_n for_o twenty_o year_n without_o any_o exception_n yet_o when_o it_o come_v before_o they_o judicial_o they_o ought_v to_o judge_n according_a to_o law_n and_o upon_o this_o sir_n william_n chancy_n be_v bail_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v per_fw-la totam_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o when_o it_o appear_v upon_o the_o return_n that_o the_o imprisonment_n be_v not_o lawful_a the_o court_n may_v discharge_v he_o of_o imprisonment_n also_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o return_n be_v insufficient_a in_o form_n 1._o it_o be_v not_o show_v when_o the_o adultery_n be_v commit_v 2._o he_o be_v enjoin_v to_o allow_v his_o wife_n a_o competent_a maintenance_n without_o any_o certainty_n and_o to_o perform_v such_o submission_n etc._n etc._n as_o by_o law_n shall_v be_v enjoin_v which_o be_v all_o infuturo_fw-la and_o uncertain_a vide_fw-la in_o my_o treatise_n at_o large_a the_o reason_n and_o cause_n why_o the_o high-commissioner_n may_v sue_v and_o imprison_v vide_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 42_o eliz._n rot._n 1209._o pasch_fw-mi 9_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la empringham_n case_n in_o this_o term_n a_o case_n be_v move_v in_o star-chamber_n upon_o a_o bill_n exhibit_v by_o the_o attorney-general_n against_o robert_n empringham_n vice-admiral_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n marmaduke_n ketthewell_n one_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o thomas_n haâ—rison_n a_o informer_n in_o the_o same_o court_n for_o oppression_n and_o extortion_n in_o fine_v and_o imprison_v divers_a of_o the_o king_n subject_n in_o the_o say_a county_n which_o no_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n can_v justify_v because_o it_o be_v not_o a_o court_n of_o record_n but_o they_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o upon_o their_o sentence_n no_o writ_n of_o error_n lie_v but_o a_o appeal_n also_o the_o say_a empringham_n have_v cause_v divers_a to_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v before_o he_o for_o thing_n do_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n which_o be_v determinable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o before_o the_o admiralty_n who_o authority_n be_v limit_v to_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o for_o these_o and_o other_o oppression_n they_o be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o sentence_v beside_o to_o make_v restitution_n etc._n etc._n trin._n 9_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la memorandum_n that_o upon_o the_o thursday_n before_o this_o term_n all_o the_o justice_n of_o england_n by_o the_o king_n command_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o council-chamber_n at_o whitehall_n where_o be_v abbot_n archbishop_z of_o canterbury_z and_o with_o he_o two_o bishop_n and_o divers_a civillian_n the_o archbishop_n complain_v of_o prohibition_n out_o of_o the_o common-plea_n and_o delivery_n of_o person_n by_o haheas_n corpus_n but_o chief_o of_o sir_n william_n chancy_n i_o defend_v our_o proceed_n according_o to_o my_o treatise_n thereof_o which_o i_o deliver_v before_o the_o high-commissioner_n and_o after_o great_a dispute_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o i_o at_o last_o he_o say_v he_o have_v a_o point_n not_o yet_o touch_v upon_o in_o my_o treatise_n which_o will_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o we_o also_o and_o upon_o which_o he_o will_v rely_v and_o that_o the_o clause_n of_o restitution_n and_o annexation_n viz._n and_o that_o all_o such_o jurisdiction_n etc._n etc._n spiritual_a and_o ecclesiastical_a as_o by_o any_o power_n spiritual_a have_v heretofore_o or_o hereafter_o lawful_o may_v be_v use_v etc._n etc._n for_o visitation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a state_n and_o person_n and_o for_o reformation_n order_n and_o correction_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o all_o error_n heresy_n schism_n etc._n etc._n shâ—ll_o for_o ever_o by_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n be_v unite_v and_o annex_v to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o h._n 8._o and_o ed._n 6._o do_v give_v power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o divers_a to_o impose_v mulct_n etc._n etc._n in_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o he_o conclude_v that_o this_o have_v be_v use_v before_o 1_o eliz._n this_o be_v give_v to_o queen_n eliz._n and_o her_o successor_n also_o inasmuch_o as_o by_o 2_o h._n 4._o and_o 2_o h._n 7._o the_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a may_v fine_a and_o imprison_v in_o particular_a cause_n therefore_o power_n to_o fine_a and_o imprison_v in_o all_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o this_o he_o say_v he_o utter_v that_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v 1._o to_o which_o i_o for_o a_o time_n give_v this_o answer_n that_o it_o be_v good_a for_o the_o weal-public_a that_o the_o judge_n at_o the_o common-law_n shall_v interpret_v the_o statute_n within_o this_o realm_n 2._o it_o be_v say_v by_o i_o that_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o eliz._n no_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n may_v impose_v a_o fine_a or_o imprison_v for_o any_o ecclesiastical_a or_o spiritual_a offence_n unless_o there_o be_v authority_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o this_o be_v so_o affirm_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n vide_fw-la my_o book_n of_o precedent_n the_o commission_n at_o large_a to_o cromwell_n to_o be_v vicegerent_n afterward_o in_o this_o very_a term_n the_o privy-council_n send_v for_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n only_o and_o there_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a resolution_n be_v large_o debate_v and_o strong_a opposition_n make_v hy_z egerton_n lord_n chancellor_n but_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n remain_v constant_a in_o their_o resolution_n afterward_o the_o council_n send_v for_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n justice_n williams_n justice_n crook_n chief_a baron_n taâ—field_n snig_n althan_n and_o bromly_n who_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n of_o the_o common-plea_n nor_o know_v why_o they_o come_v before_o the_o council_n and_o hear_v the_o lord_n chancellor_n affirm_v that_o the_o high-commissioner_n have_v always_o by_o the_o act_n 1_o eliz._n impose_v fines_n and_o imprisonment_n for_o exorbitant_a crime_n without_o any_o conference_n with_o we_o or_o among_o then_o self_n or_o hear_v the_o matter_n debate_v be_v of_o opinion_n with_o we_o and_o after_o at_o another_o day_n this_o
fostér_n justice_n that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o cap._n 9_o to_o câ—â—e_v any_o one_o out_o of_o his_o own_o diocese_n for_o diocâ—ses_fw-la dicitur_fw-la distinctio_fw-la etc._n etc._n quae_fw-la divisa_fw-la vel_fw-la diversa_fw-la est_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la alterius_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la &_o commissa_fw-la gubernatio_fw-la in_o unius_fw-la and_o be_v derive_v a_o devil_n that_o signify_v duo_fw-la two_o et_fw-la electio_fw-la quia_fw-la separat_fw-la dvas_fw-la jurisdictiones_fw-la and_o because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v a_o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n in_o london_n for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v fit_o say_v in_o the_o title_n preamble_n and_o body_n of_o the_o act_n that_o when_o the_o archbishop_n sit_v in_o his_o exempt_a peculiar_a in_o london_n cite_v one_o dwell_v in_o essex_n he_o cite_v he_o out_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n diocese_n ergo_fw-la out_o of_o the_o diocese_n and_o in_o the_o clause_n of_o the_o penalty_n of_o 10_o l._n it_o be_v say_v out_o of_o the_o diocese_n etc._n etc._n where_o the_o party_n dwell_v which_o agree_v with_o the_o signification_n of_o diocese_n befóre_o and_o the_o word_n far_o off_o be_v put_v in_o the_o preamble_n to_o show_v the_o great_a mischief_n that_o be_v before_o the_o act_n as_o the_o 32_o h._n 8_o cap._n 33._o in_o the_o preamble_n it_o be_v disseizin_n with_o strength_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n say_v such_o disseizor_n the_o same_o extend_v to_o all_o disseizor_n but_o disseizin_v with_o force_n be_v the_o great_a mischief_n 4_o and_o 5_o eliz._n dyer_n 219._o so_o west_n 2._o cap._n 5._o adjudge_v 44_o ed_n 3._o 18._o so_o 21_o h._n 8._o cap._n 15._o in_o all_o which_o the_o case_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n there_o the_o word_n such_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n refer_v to_o the_o preamble_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o case_n 2._o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n be_v no_o person_n shall_v be_v henceforth_o cite_v before_o any_o ordinary_a etc._n etc._n out_o of_o the_o diocese_n or_o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n where_o the_o person_n shall_v be_v dwell_v and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o fortiori_fw-la the_o court_n of_o arch_n which_o sit_v in_o a_o peculiar_a shall_v not_o cite_v oâ—hers_n out_o of_o another_o diocese_n and_o the_o word_n out_o of_o the_o diocese_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o diocese_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o ordinary_a where_o he_o dwell_v 3._o observe_v the_o preamble_n of_o the_o act_n recite_v express_o that_o the_o subject_n be_v call_v by_o compulsory_a process_n to_o appear_v in_o the_o arch_n audience_n and_o other_o court_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o act_n be_v to_o reduce_v the_o archbishop_n to_o his_o proper_a diocese_n unless_o in_o five_o case_n 1._o for_o any_o spiritual_a offence_n or_o cause_n commit_v or_o omit_v contrary_a to_o right_n and_o duty_n by_o the_o bishop_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n omit_v prove_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o default_n in_o the_o ordinary_a 2._o except_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o appeal_n and_o other_o lawful_a cause_n where_o the_o party_n shall_v find_v himself_o grieve_v by_o the_o ordinary_a after_o the_o matter_n there_o first_o begin_v ergo_fw-la it_o ought_v to_o be_v first_o begin_v before_o the_o ordinary_a 3._o in_o case_n the_o bishop_n or_o ordinary_a etc._n etc._n dare_v not_o or_o will_v not_o convent_n the_o party_n to_o be_v sue_v before_o he_o 4._o in_o case_n the_o bishop_n or_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n within_o who_o jurisdiction_n or_o before_o who_o the_o suit_n by_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v begin_v and_o prosecute_v be_v party_n direct_o or_o indirect_o to_o the_o matter_n or_o cause_n of_o the_o same_o suit_n 5._o in_o case_n any_o bishop_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n under_o he_o etc._n etc._n make_v request_n to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n or_o other_o inferior_a ordinary_a or_o judge_n and_o that_o to_o be_v do_v in_o case_n only_o where_o the_o law_n civil_a or_o common_a do_v affirm_v etc._n etc._n 1._o also_o there_o be_v two_o prouiso_n which_o explain_v it_o also_o viz._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o archbishop_n to_o cite_v any_o person_n inhabit_v in_o any_o bishop_n diocese_n in_o his_o province_n for_o matter_n of_o heresy_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o for_o all_o cause_n not_o except_v he_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o act._n 2._o there_o be_v a_o save_n for_o the_o archbishop_n call_v any_o person_n out_o of_o the_o diocese_n where_o he_o shall_v be_v dwell_v to_o the_o probate_n of_o any_o testament_n which_o proviso_n shall_v be_v vain_a if_o notwithstanding_o that_o act_n shall_v have_v concurrent_a authority_n with_o every_o ordinary_a throughout_o his_o whole_a province_n wherefore_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o archbishop_n out_o of_o his_o diocese_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n except_v be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o to_o cite_v any_o man_n out_o of_o any_o other_o diocese_n which_o act_n be_v but_o a_o law_n declaratory_a of_o the_o ancient_a canon_n and_o a_o true_a exposition_n of_o they_o and_o that_o appear_v by_o the_o canon_n cap._n romana_n in_o sexto_fw-la de_fw-la appellationibus_fw-la &_o cap._n de_fw-fr competenti_fw-la in_o sexto_fw-la and_o the_o say_a act_n be_v so_o expound_v by_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n at_o a_o convocation_n at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1_o jac._n regis_n 1603._o canon_n 94._o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o act_n in_o the_o arch_n audience_n and_o other_o high-court_n of_o this_o realm_n it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o that_o act_n have_v power_n legantine_n from_o the_o pope_n by_o which_o they_o have_v authority_n not_o only_o over_o all_o but_o concurrent_a authority_n with_o every_o ordinary_a etc._n etc._n not_o as_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n but_o by_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n legantine_n et_fw-la tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la legatorum_fw-la 1._o quidam_fw-la the_o latere_fw-la dom._n papae_fw-la mittuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n 2._o dativi_fw-la qui_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la in_o legatione_fw-la mittuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n 3._o nati_n seu_fw-la nativi_fw-la qui_fw-la suarum_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praetextu_fw-la legatione_fw-la fingantur_fw-la et_fw-la sunt_fw-la 4._o archiepiscopus_fw-la cant._n eboracensis_n remanensis_fw-la et_fw-la pisanis_fw-la which_o authority_n legantine_n be_v now_o take_v away_o and_o abolish_v utter_o 3._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o when_o any_o judge_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o they_o proceed_v against_o the_o act_n there_o a_o prohibition_n lie_v as_o against_o the_o steward_n and_o marshal_n of_o the_o household_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la teneant_fw-la placita_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it de_fw-fr debito_fw-la de_fw-fr conventione_n etc._n etc._n so_o articuli_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n cap._n 3._o register_n fol._n 185._o so_o against_o the_o constable_n of_o dover_n so_o to_o justice_n of_o assize_n quod_fw-la inquisitiones_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la magni_fw-la exactionis_fw-la non_fw-la capiantur_fw-la in_o patria_fw-la so_o to_o the_o treasurer_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o art_n super_fw-la chart._n c._n 4._o stat_n rutland_n cap._n ult_n see_v f._n n._n b._n 45._o 46_o etc._n etc._n 17_o h._n 6._o 54._o vide_fw-la 13_o ed._n 3._o title_n prohibition_n so_o against_o all_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n upon_o 2_o h._n 5._o 3._o and_o therewith_o agree_v 4_o ed._n 4._o 37._o and_o f._n n._n b._n 43._o etc._n etc._n so_o the_o case_n upon_o the_o stat._n 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 15._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o precedent_n 5_o ed._n 4._o keyson_n case_n 10_o h._n 7._o 17._o see_v paston_n opinion_n 9_o h._n 6._o 3._o see_v the_o 35_o h._n 6._o 6._o when_o any_o thing_n be_v prohibit_v by_o a_o statute_n if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v he_o shall_v be_v fine_v for_o the_o contempt_n to_o the_o law_n and_o if_o every_o person_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o his_o action_n upon_o the_o statute_n it_o will_v increase_v suit_n and_o a_o prohibition_n be_v the_o short_a and_o easy_a way_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o court_n be_v fiat_n prohibitio_fw-la curiae_fw-la cantuar._n de_fw-la arcubus_fw-la inter_fw-la part_n predict_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la and_o shirley_n and_o harris_n jun._n sergeant_n at_o law_n be_v at_o council_n of_o the_o case_n mich._n 6_o jac._n reges_fw-la edward_n case_n the_o high-commissioner_n in_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a object_v divers_a english_a article_n against_o thomas_n edward_n of_o exeter_n as_o 1._o that_o mr._n john_n walton_n be_v train_v up_o in_o oxferd_a university_n be_v there_o worthy_o admit_v to_o several_a degree_n of_o school_n and_o deserve_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o degree_n of_o dr._n of_o physic_n 2._o that_o he_o be_v a_o reverend_n and_o well-practised_a man_n in_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n 3._o that_o
in_o force_n it_o make_v that_o act_n of_o 1_o ed._n 6._o that_o it_o can_v stand_v quia_fw-la leges_fw-la posteriores_fw-la priores_fw-la contrarias_fw-la abrogant_fw-la and_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o be_v set_v forth_o the_o manner_n of_o election_n and_o consecration_n of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o also_o for_o the_o make_n and_o execution_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o authority_n within_o which_o word_n the_o style_n and_o seal_v of_o their_o court_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o proceed_n be_v include_v which_o act_n of_o 25_o h._n 8._o be_v revive_v by_o 1_o el._n cap._n 1._o and_o consequent_o that_o of_o 1_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 2._o be_v repeal_v it_o appear_v by_o our_o book_n if_o a_o deacon_n or_o priest_n take_v a_o wife_n their_o marriage_n be_v voidable_a not_o void_a for_o they_o have_v not_o vow_v chastity_n otherwise_o of_o a_o monk_n or_o a_o nun._n and_o this_o appear_v 5_o ed_n 3_o title_n nonability_n 26._o 19_o h._n â—_o title_n bastardy_n 33._o 21_o h._n 7._o 39_o 6._o mich._n 4._o jac._n regis_fw-la case_n of_o the_o stannary_n it_o be_v resolve_v this_o term_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o the_o emption_n of_o tin_n in_o cornwall_n by_o his_o prerogative_n for_o stanni_fw-la nec_fw-la plumbi_fw-la fodina_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o other_o sase_a mineb_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o to_o the_o subject_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o emption_n of_o tin_n in_o cornwall_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o ancient_a right_n and_o inheritance_n for_o though_o now_o a_o reason_n can_v easy_o be_v render_v of_o thing_n do_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n yet_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n in_o that_o county_n be_v the_o king_n demesne_n and_o upon_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n the_o king_n reserve_v the_o mine_n to_o himself_o these_o tin_n mine_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n as_o appear_v exit_fw-la diodoro_n siculo_fw-la et_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la est_fw-la that_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v derive_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o profit_n may_v have_v a_o reasonable_a commencement_n usage_n also_o allow_v it_o to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o cornwall_n be_v within_o the_o king_n forest_n which_o by_o king_n john_n be_v disaffore_v as_o by_o cambden_n appear_v and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o before_o 33_o ed._n 1._o all_o the_o tin_n in_o cornwall_n and_o devon_n also_o be_v the_o king_n whoever_o own_v the_o land_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o divers_a record_n and_o by_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n among_o the_o bishop_n of_o exeters_n record_n in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la johannes_n dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnibus_fw-la bâ—llivis_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la intuitu_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la salute_n animae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la etc._n etc._n dedimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n deo_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la beati_fw-la petri_n exon_n &_o venerabili_fw-la patri_fw-la simoni_n exon._n episcopo_fw-la &_o successoribus_fw-la etc._n etc._n decimam_fw-la de_fw-la antiqua_fw-la firma_fw-la stanni_fw-la in_o com._n devon_n &_o cornub._n habendum_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o successoribus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la &_o liberis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la ad_fw-la eam_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la per_fw-la manus_fw-la illius_fw-la vel_fw-la illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la stannaria_fw-la habuerint_fw-la in_o custod_n etc._n etc._n rex_fw-la roberto_n de_fw-fr courtney_n salutem_fw-la mandâ—mus_fw-la vobis_fw-la quod_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la &_o difficultate_fw-la aliqua_fw-la habere_fw-la facietis_fw-la domine_fw-la johannae_n reginae_fw-la matri_fw-la nostrae_fw-la stannaria_fw-la com._n devon_n etc._n etc._n paten_n 1_o h._n 3._o h._n 4._o rex_fw-la concessit_fw-la johanni_n filio_fw-la richardi_fw-la stannaria_fw-la in_o cornubia_n reddendo_fw-la 1000_o mark_n 4_o h._n 3._o fines_n 5_o h._n 3._o rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la concessimus_fw-la richardo_n dilecto_fw-la fratri_fw-la nâ—stro_fw-la stannariam_fw-la nostram_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinen_n prohibit_v tin_n to_o be_v transport_v without_o the_o say_v richard_n licence_n 10_o h._n 3_o m._n 9_o see_v also_o 10_o ed._n 2._o inqui._n 2._o nu._n 29._o there_o be_v two_o several_a charter_n both_o date_v 10_o april_n 33_o ed._n 1._o one_o ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la stannariarum_fw-la nostrarum_fw-la in_o cornub._n the_o other_o ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la stannariarum_fw-la nostrarum_fw-la in_o devon_n that_o of_o cornwall_n have_v these_o word_n concessimus_fw-la eisdem_fw-la stannatoribus_fw-la quod_fw-la fodere_fw-la possint_fw-la stannum_fw-la et_fw-la turbus_fw-la ad_fw-la stannum_fw-la fundendum_fw-la ubisque_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la nostris_fw-la et_fw-la vastis_fw-la nostris_fw-la et_fw-la aliorum_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la in_o com._n predict_v et_fw-la aquas_fw-la et_fw-la aquarum_fw-la cursus_fw-la divertere_fw-la ubi_fw-la et_fw-la quoties_fw-la opus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la sundaturam_fw-la stanni_fw-la sicut_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la coâ—suâ—vit_fw-la sine_fw-la impedimento_fw-la nostro_fw-la seu_fw-la aliorum_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la ac_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la stannatores_fw-la nostri_fw-la praed_fw-we totum_fw-la stannum_fw-la suum_fw-la ponderatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n licitè_fw-fr vendere_fw-la possint_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerint_fw-la faciendo_fw-la nobis_fw-la et_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la cunageum_n et_fw-la alius_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la debitas_fw-la nisi_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la haerede_fw-la nostri_fw-la stannum_fw-la illum_fw-la emere_fw-la volumus_fw-la this_o be_v confirm_v 4_o ed._n 2._o and_o also_o 1_o &_o 17_o ed._n 3._o de_fw-fr advisamento_fw-la consilii_fw-la nostri_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la quod_fw-la stannum_fw-la in_o com._n cornub._n et_fw-fr devon_n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la capiatur_fw-la pro_fw-la defension_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n marinas_fw-la celeriter_fw-la mittatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la hominibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la stannum_fw-la illum_fw-la capi_fw-la contigerit_fw-la de_fw-la pretio_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la stami_fw-la ad_fw-la certos_fw-la terminos_fw-la solvend_fw-mi sufficiens_fw-la securitas_fw-la per_fw-la nos_fw-la fiat_fw-la assignavimus_fw-la vos_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la capiend_n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la totum_fw-la stannum_fw-la in_o com._n praed_fw-we cunitum_fw-la et_fw-la etiam_fw-la cuniend_n cum_fw-la cunitum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la with_o authority_n to_o take_v carriage_n and_o commandment_n to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o same_o rot._n amlâ—yne_a an._n 12._o r._n 2._o part_n 1._o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n grant_v and_o the_o king_n 21_o e._n 3._o confirm_v to_o tydman_n of_o lymberge_n cunageum_n stannariae_n etc._n etc._n nec_fw-la non_fw-la emptionem_fw-la totius_fw-la stanni_fw-la etc._n etc._n infra_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la sine_fw-la mille_fw-la marcarum_fw-la et_fw-la reddendo_fw-la 3500_o marcas_fw-la the_o like_a do_v to_o one_o brockhouse_n 7_o ed._n 6._o the_o charter_n of_o 33_o ed._n 1._o be_v confirm_v 8_o r._n 2._o 1_o ed._n 4._o 3_o h._n 7._o the_o 11_o h._n 7._o a_o certain_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v use_v through_o england_n yet_o the_o weight_n belong_v to_o the_o carriage_n of_o tin_n be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n the_o style_n of_o the_o court_n of_o stannary_n be_v magna_fw-la curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ducatus_fw-la svi_fw-la cornub._n apud_fw-la cockerenton_n in_o com._n devon_n johanne_n comite_fw-la bedford_n custode_fw-la stannar_fw-mi dicti_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la aut_fw-la reginae_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la com._n devon_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o tin_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tin_n mine_n in_o cornwall_n see_v camdâ—n_n in_o cornwell_n 121._o and_o diodorus_n siculus_n l._n 5._o c._n 8._o foe_n 142._o 6._o upon_o which_o it_o be_v resolve_v 1._o that_o the_o king_n have_v all_o the_o tin_n as_o well_o in_o the_o subject_n land_n as_o his_o own_o 2._o it_o be_v absurd_a for_o the_o king_n to_o reserve_v emption_n of_o his_o own_o tin_n 3._o the_o king_n grant_v stannatoribus_fw-la divers_a liberty_n which_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o tinner_n as_o well_o in_o the_o subject_n land_n as_o the_o king_n own_o in_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n hâ—ld_v in_o decemb_v an._n 4._o jac._n regis_fw-la case_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o saltpetre_n all_o the_o justice_n viz._n popham_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n coke_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a pleas._n fleming_n chief_a baron_n fenner_n searle_n yeluerton_n williams_n and_o tanfield_n justice_n meet_v at_o sergeant_n inn_n to_o consult_v what_o prerogative_n the_o king_n have_v in_o dig_v and_o take_v of_o saltpetre_n to_o make_v gunpowder_n by_o the_o law_n and_o upon_o conference_n between_o they_o these_o point_n be_v resolve_v by_o they_o all_o 〈◊〉_d voce_fw-mi 1._o that_o in_o as_o much_o as_o gunpowder_n concern_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o insomuch_o as_o saltpetre_n whereof_o gunpowder_n be_v make_v be_v within_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o buy_v it_o but_o may_v take_v it_o according_a to_o the_o limitation_n follow_v 2._o that_o
shall_v be_v sufficient_a for_o he_o but_o if_o the_o father_n by_o write_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v but_o part_n of_o a_o child_n portion_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o full_a child_n part_n otherwise_o not_o note_v it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o house_n and_o term_n for_o year_n do_v devise_v for_o year_n do_v demise_n this_o to_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o the_o die_v all_o his_o debt_n be_v pay_v if_o the_o widow_n enter_v general_o and_o convert_v the_o profit_n to_o her_o own_o use_n and_o not_o to_o pious_a work_n this_o be_v a_o determination_n of_o her_o election_n and_o this_o be_v the_o general_a case_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a that_o it_o be_v special_o find_v hâ—yn's_n case_n in_o the_o lend_a assize_n hold_v at_o leicester_n 11_o and_o 12_o jac._n the_o case_n be_v one_o william_n haynes_n have_v dig_v up_o the_o several_a grave_n of_o three_o man_n and_o one_o woman_n in_o the_o night_n and_o have_v take_v their_o winding-sheet_n from_o their_o body_n and_o bury_v they_o again_o and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o justice_n at_o sergeant_n inn_n in_o fleetstreet_n that_o the_o property_n of_o the_o sheet_n remain_v in_o the_o owner_n that_o be_v of_o he_o that_o have_v the_o property_n therein_o when_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v wrap_v therewith_o as_o in_o 11_o h._n 4._o if_o apparel_n be_v put_v upon_o a_o boy_n this_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o law_n for_o the_o boy_n have_v capacity_n to_o take_v it_o but_o a_o dead_a body_n be_v but_o a_o lump_n of_o earth_n have_v no_o capacity_n also_o it_o be_v not_o a_o gift_n to_o the_o person_n but_o bestow_v on_o the_o body_n for_o the_o reverence_n towards_o it_o to_o express_v the_o hope_n of_o resurrection_n and_o therefore_o at_o the_o second_o assize_n he_o be_v several_o indict_v for_o take_v these_o sheet_n the_o first_o indictment_n be_v of_o petty-larceny_n for_o which_o he_o be_v whip_v and_o at_o the_o same_o assize_n he_o be_v indict_v for_o the_o felonious_a take_v the_o other_o three_o sheet_n for_o which_o he_o have_v his_o clergy_n and_o escape_v death_n hill_n 11_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la earl_n of_o derby_n case_n in_o chancery_n between_o sir_n john_n egerton_n plaintiff_n and_o william_n earl_n of_o dirby_n chamberlain_n of_o chester_n and_o other_o defendant_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n dodderidge_n and_o winch_n justice_n 1._o that_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o chester_n be_v sole_a judge_n of_o equity_n can_v decree_v any_o thing_n wherein_o himself_o be_v party_n but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o suit_n shall_v be_v hear_v here_o in_o chancery_n coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la 2._o if_o the_o defendant_n dwell_v out_o of_o the_o county_n palatine_n he_o who_o have_v to_o complain_v in_o equity_n may_v complain_v here_o in_o chancery_n and_o therefore_o the_o suit_n shall_v be_v here_o in_o chancery_n ne_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la deficient_a in_o justitia_fw-la exhibenda_fw-la else_o the_o subject_n shall_v have_v good_a right_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o remedy_n and_o this_o pursue_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o common-law_n 13_o ed._n 3._o tit._n jurisdiction_n 8_o ed._n 2._o ass_n 382._o 5_o ed._n 3._o 30._o 30_o h._n 6._o 6._o 7_o h._n 6._o 37._o for_o where_o the_o particular_a court_n can_v do_v justice_n to_o the_o party_n they_o shall_v sue_v in_o the_o king_n general_a court_n at_o westminster_n 11_o h._n 4._o 27._o 8_o ed._n 4._o 8._o 3._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o king_n can_v grant_v a_o commission_n to_o any_o to_o determine_v any_o matter_n of_o equity_n but_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o chancery_n which_o have_v have_v jurisdiction_n in_o such_o case_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o have_v allowance_n by_o law_n whereas_o such_o new_a commission_n have_v be_v resolve_v to_o be_v against_o law_n as_o be_v agree_v in_o pott_n case_n 4._o upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o for_o thing_n transitory_a though_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v in_o the_o county_n palatine_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v allege_v they_o to_o be_v do_v in_o any_o place_n of_o england_n and_o the_o defendant_n may_v not_o plead_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n see_v dyer_n 13_o eliz._n sol_fw-la 202_o 716._o form_n and_o order_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o when_o the_o speaker_n be_v choose_v he_o in_o his_o place_n where_o he_o shall_v first_o sit_v down_o shall_v disable_v himself_o and_o pray_v they_o to_o proceed_v a_o new_a election_n but_o after_o he_o be_v put_v into_o the_o chair_n than_o he_o shall_v pray_v they_o that_o he_o may_v disable_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n note_v the_o king_n the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n shall_v sit_v in_o the_o upper-house_n and_o there_o the_o king_n or_o chancellor_n by_o his_o command_n shall_v show_v the_o cause_n of_o call_v the_o parliament_n and_o in_o conclusion_n of_o the_o oration_n the_o commons_o be_v command_v to_o choose_v a_o speaker_n which_o after_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n they_o present_v where_o he_o make_v a_o oration_n disable_n himself_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o low_a house_n when_o a_o bill_n be_v read_v the_o speaker_n open_v the_o part_n of_o it_o so_o that_o each_o member_n may_v understand_v the_o intent_n thereof_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n in_o the_o upper_a house_n then_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v sometime_o it_o be_v ingross_v without_o commitment_n then_o it_o be_v put_v to_o the_o question_n and_o so_o in_o the_o upper_a house_n but_o neither_o in_o the_o upper_a or_o low_a house_n the_o chancellor_n or_o speaker_n shall_v not_o repeat_v a_o bill_n or_o a_o amendment_n but_o once_o when_o a_o bill_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o second_o read_v then_o if_o committee_n do_v amend_v it_o in_o any_o point_n they_o shall_v write_v their_o amendment_n in_o a_o paper_n and_o shall_v direct_v to_o a_o line_n and_o what_o word_n shall_v be_v interline_v and_o where_o and_o then_o all_o shall_v be_v ingross_v in_o a_o bill_n and_o if_o a_o bill_n pass_v the_o commons_o house_n and_o the_o lord_n amend_v it_o they_o do_v as_o before_o show_v the_o line_n etc._n etc._n and_o after_o the_o amendment_n be_v ingross_v with_o particular_a reference_n and_o the_o bill_n send_v down_o to_o the_o commons_o the_o amendment_n be_v road_v three_o time_n and_o so_o eâ—converso_fw-la of_o a_o bill_n pass_v the_o upper_a house_n no_o lord_n knight_n citizen_z or_o burgess_n may_v speak_v above_o once_o to_o one_o bill_n in_o one_o day_n no_o private_a bill_n ought_v to_o be_v read_v before_o public_a bill_n in_o the_o commons_o house_n those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o new_a bill_n if_o there_o be_v a_o question_n of_o voice_n shall_v go_v out_o of_o the_o house_n and_o who_o be_v against_o the_o bill_n or_o for_o the_o common-law_n or_o any_o former_a shall_v fit_v still_o for_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o old_a law_n in_o the_o upper_a house_n two_o lord_n be_v appoint_v to_o number_v the_o voice_n in_o both_o house_n he_o that_o stand_v up_o first_o to_o speak_v shall_v speak_v first_o without_o difference_n of_o person_n when_o a_o bill_n be_v ingross_v at_o the_o three_o read_v it_o may_v be_v amend_v in_o the_o same_o house_n in_o matter_n of_o substance_n â—_o fortiori_fw-la the_o error_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o engross_n may_v be_v amend_v etc._n etc._n pâ—sch_n 12._o jac._n regis_fw-la walter_n chute_n case_n walter_n chute_n sewer_n to_o the_o king_n exhibit_v a_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n that_o for_o safety_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o will_v erect_v a_o new_a office_n to_o register_n all_o stranger_n within_o the_o realm_n except_o merchant-stranger_n to_o be_v keep_v at_o london_n and_o to_o grant_v it_o to_o the_o petitioner_n with_o a_o fee_n or_o without_o and_o all_o stranger_n except_o merchant-stranger_n to_o depart_v the_o realm_n in_o a_o certain_a time_n unless_o they_o take_v a_o billet_n under_o the_o say_a register_n hand_n which_o petition_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n refer_v to_o i_o by_o their_o letter_n of_o the_o 13_o novemb_n 1613._o to_o consider_v what_o the_o law_n be_v in_o that_o behalf_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o conference_n with_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n and_o other_o justice_n and_o baron_n at_o sergeant_n inn_n in_o fleetstreet_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o erection_n of_o such_o new_a office_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o private_a man_n be_v against_o all_o
law_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o therefore_o when_o one_o captain_n lee_n make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n to_o have_v a_o office_n to_o inventory_n the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o die_v testate_n or_o intestate_a it_o be_v resolve_v by_o my_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o myself_o that_o such_o grant_n shall_v be_v utter_o void_a be_v both_o against_o the_o common-law_n and_o the_o statute_n 21_o h._n 8._o in_o like_a manner_n when_o another_o sue_v to_o have_v the_o register_n of_o birthday_n and_o the_o time_n of_o death_n etc._n etc._n so_o mich._n 19_o jac._n to_o make_v a_o new_a office_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n only_o for_o make_v lattitat_n be_v resolve_v void_a so_o littleton_n suit_n to_o name_v a_o officer_n to_o be_v a_o gen._n reg._n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o suit_n be_v reject_v notwithstanding_o the_o fair_a pretence_n of_o it_o by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o other_o see_v hill_n 12_o jac._n regis_fw-la 2._o second_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a for_o divers_a cause_n 1._o for_o a_o private_a man_n to_o have_v private_a end_n 2._o the_o number_n of_o stranger_n by_o a_o private_a man_n will_v inâ—er_v a_o terror_n and_o other_o king_n and_o prince_n will_v take_v offence_n at_o it_o 3._o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o breach_n it_o will_v be_v to_o former_a treaty_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o three_o it_o may_v be_v perform_v without_o any_o inconvenience_n and_o so_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o lord_n burleigh_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n 37_o eliz._n to_o write_v letter_n to_o the_o mayor_n bailiff_n etc._n etc._n of_o every_o city_n borough_n etc._n etc._n where_o any_o stranger_n be_v resident_a to_o certify_v how_o many_o and_o of_o what_o quality_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o be_v to_o know_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o inhabitant_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o write_n which_o be_v show_v to_o the_o lord_n be_v by_o they_o well_o approve_v and_o the_o suit_n utter_o disallow_v decemb._n 3._o anno_fw-la 3_o h._n 8._o commission_n be_v grant_v to_o divers_a to_o certify_v the_o number_n of_o stranger_n artificer_n etc._n etc._n within_o london_n and_o suburb_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n see_v candish_n case_n 29_o eliz._n 13_o eliz._n a_o grant_n of_o a_o office_n to_o thomas_n kniuâ—t_v to_o examine_v his_o majesty_n auditor_n and_o clerk_n of_o the_o pipe_n etc._n etc._n resolve_v by_o the_o court_n to_o be_v against_o law_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o baron_n who_o be_v judge_n 25_o eliz._n a_o grant_n of_o a_o office_n to_o thomas_n lichfield_n to_o examine_v all_o deceit_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o queen_n officer_n for_o 8_o year_n resolve_v to_o be_v void_a sub-poena's_a in_o chancery_n belong_v ancient_o to_o the_o six_o clerk_n queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v the_o same_o to_o a_o particular_a man_n affidavit_n file_v and_o keep_v belong_v to_o the_o register_n king_n james_n grant_v they_o to_o a_o particular_a man_n so_o the_o erect_n and_o put_v down_o inn_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o same_o king_n grant_v it_o to_o a_o particular_a man_n so_o likewise_o the_o take_n of_o deposition_n etc._n etc._n the_o office_n of_o alneger_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o simon_n darlington_n and_o the_o fee_n limit_v the_o draw_v engross_a and_o write_v all_o licence_n and_o pardon_n grant_v to_o edward_n bacon_n with_o former_a fee_n and_o a_o restraint_n to_o all_o other_o the_o spa_n office_n grant_v to_o thomas_n george_n and_o other_o during_o life_n with_o the_o fee_n of_o 2_o s._n and_o a_o restraint_n to_o other_o the_o office_n of_o make_v and_o register_n all_o manner_n of_o assurance_n and_o policy_n etc._n etc._n grant_v to_o richard_n gandler_n gent._n with_o such_o fee_n as_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o other_o shall_v rate_v and_o a_o restraint_n to_o other_o etc._n etc._n the_o office_n of_o write_v tally_n and_o counter-tally_n grant_v to_o sir_n vincent_n skinner_n the_o office_n of_o engross_a patent_n to_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o increase_n of_o fee_n grant_v to_o sir_n richard_n young_a and_o mr._n pye_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la quaere_fw-la sir_n stephen_n proctor_n case_n in_o a_o information_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n against_o stephen_n proctor_n berkenhead_n and_o other_o for_o scandal_n and_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o northampton_n and_o the_o lord_n wooton_n at_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o case_n be_v present_a eight_o lord_n viz._n the_o chief_a baron_n the_o two_o chief_a justice_n two_o bishop_n one_o baron_n chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o the_o three_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o temporal_a baron_n condemn_a sir_n stephen_n proctor_n and_o fine_v and_o imprison_v he_o but_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o two_o bishop_n and_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n acquiâ—ted_v he_o and_o the_o question_n be_v if_o sir_n stephen_n proctor_n shall_v be_v condemn_v or_o acquit_v and_o the_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n call_v to_o their_o assistance_n the_o king_n learned_a council_n and_o first_o they_o resolve_v that_o this_o question_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n that_o court_n be_v against_o the_o rule_n and_o order_n of_o all_o court_n for_o in_o all_o other_o court_n if_o the_o justice_n be_v equal_o divide_v no_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v so_o also_o be_v it_o in_o the_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o this_o course_n must_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o court._n and_o as_o to_o that_o two_o precedent_n only_o be_v produce_v viz._n one_o in_o hillary_n term_n 39_o eliz._n gibson_n plaintiff_n and_o griffith_n and_o other_o defendant_n for_o a_o riot_n where_o at_o hear_v 8_o be_v present_a 4_o give_v judgement_n that_o the_o defendant_n be_v guilty_a and_o 4_o â—_o contra_fw-la and_o no_o sentence_n of_o condemnation_n be_v ever_o enter_v because_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n be_v one_o of_o the_o 4_o that_o acquit_v they_o the_o other_o be_v in_o hillary_n 45_o eliz._n in_o a_o information_n against_o katherine_n and_o other_o for_o forge_v a_o will_n etc._n etc._n where_o 4_o find_v the_o defendant_n guilty_a of_o forgery_n and_o 4_o only_a of_o misdemeanour_n whereof_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n be_v one_o sentence_n be_v enter_v according_a to_o the_o chancellor_n voice_n and_o no_o other_o precedent_n can_v be_v find_v in_o this_o case_n as_o i_o report_v this_o term._n concern_v benevolence_n note_v the_o exaction_n under_o the_o good_a name_n of_o benevolence_n begin_v thus_o when_o king_n edw._n the_o four_o have_v a_o subsidy_n grant_v he_o by_o parl._n in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n because_o he_o can_v have_v no_o more_o by_o parl_n and_o with_o a_o parl._n he_o can_v not_o have_v a_o subsidy_n he_o invent_v this_o devise_n wherein_o observe_v 3_o thing_n 1._o the_o cause_n 2._o the_o invention_n 3._o the_o success_n 1._o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o marry_v edw._n the_o four_o sister_n solicit_v the_o king_n to_o join_v in_o war_n with_o he_o against_o the_o french_a king_n whereto_o he_o easy_o consent_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o he_o for_o aid_v the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n 2._o the_o invention_n be_v the_o king_n call_v before_o he_o several_a time_n many_o of_o his_o wealthy_a subject_n to_o declare_v to_o they_o his_o necessity_n and_o purpose_n to_o levy_v war_n and_o demand_v of_o each_o of_o they_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o by_o the_o king_n be_v extraordinary_a courtesy_n to_o they_o they_o very_o free_o yield_v to_o among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o rich_a widow_n of_o who_o the_o king_n merry_o ask_v what_o she_o will_v give_v he_o for_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n by_o my_o faith_n quoth_v she_o for_o your_o lovely_a countenance_n sake_n you_o shall_v have_v 20_o l._n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o king_n expect_v he_o thank_v she_o and_o vouchsafe_v to_o kiss_v she_o upon_o which_o she_o present_o swear_v he_o shall_v have_v 20_o l._n more_o 3._o the_o success_n be_v that_o where_o the_o king_n call_v this_o a_o benevolence_n yet_o many_o of_o the_o people_n do_v much_o grudge_n at_o it_o and_o call_v it_o a_o malevolince_n primo_fw-la ed._n 5._o the_o duke_n of_o buckingham_n in_o guild-hall_n london_n among_o other_o thing_n inveigh_v in_o his_o speech_n against_o this_o taxation_n and_o 1_o r._n 3._o c._n 2_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v against_o it_o 6_o h._n 7._o the_o king_n declare_v in_o parl_n that_o he_o have_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n against_o the_o french_a king_n desire_v a_o benevolence_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o edw._n 4._o and_o publish_v that_o he_o will_v by_o their_o open_a hand_n measure_v their_o
such_o a_o custom_n in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la for_o all_o lay-people_n within_o the_o say_v wield_v be_v lawful_a or_o not_o be_v the_o question_n and_o to_o have_v a_o prohibition_n it_o be_v say_v that_o though_o one_o particular_a man_n shall_v not_o prescribe_v in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la yet_o such_o a_o general_a custom_n within_o a_o great_a country_n may_v well_o be_v as_o in_o 43_o ed._n 3._o 32._o and_o the_o 45_o ed._n 3._o custom_n 15._o where_o a_o abbot_n purchase_v tenement_n after_o the_o statute_n etc._n etc._n and_o say_v that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o town_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o the_o say_a town_n that_o when_o tenant_n cess_v for_o 2_o year_n the_o lord_n may_v enter_v etc._n etc._n and_o that_o his_o tenant_n cess_v for_o 2_o year_n and_o he_o enter_v and_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o court_n be_v because_o it_o be_v a_o usage_n only_o in_o that_o town_n he_o be_v put_v to_o answer_v by_o which_o appear_v that_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o good_a in_o a_o particular_a town_n that_o perhaps_o may_v be_v good_a in_o a_o country_n etc._n etc._n see_v 40_o ass_n 21._o &_o 27._o 39_o ed._n 3._o 2._o see_v also_o 7_o h_n 6._o 26._o b._n 16_o ed._n 2._o prescription_n 53._o dyer_n 363._o 22_o h._n 6._o 14._o 21_o ed._n 4._o 15._o and_o 45_o ass_n 8._o doct._n &_o stud._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 55_o a_o particular_a country_n may_v prescribe_v to_o pay_v no_o tithe_n for_o corn_n etc._n etc._n but_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o the_o minister_n have_v sufficient_a portion_n beside_o to_o maintain_v he_o to_o celebrate_v divine_a service_n and_o fol._n 172._o it_o be_v hold_v that_o where_o tithe_n have_v not_o be_v pay_v to_o underwoods_a under_o 20_o year_n growth_n that_o no_o tithe_n shall_v be_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o and_o fol._n 174._o that_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o a_o whole_a country_n that_o no_o tithe_n of_o a_o lordship_n shall_v be_v pay_v be_v good_a but_o the_o court_n will_v advise_v whether_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o a_o town_n or_o country_n be_v good_a but_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o parishioner_n have_v give_v or_o procure_v to_o the_o parson_n a_o wood_n or_o other_o land_n etc._n etc._n to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o tithe_n of_o wood_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n the_o parson_n so_o seize_v of_o the_o same_o that_o without_o question_n be_v a_o good_a discharge_n of_o his_o tithe_n and_o if_o he_o sue_v for_o the_o same_o a_o prohibition_n lie_v i_o will_v cite_v a_o ancient_a judgement_n many_o year_n past_a mic._n 25_o h._n 3._o wilts_n rot._n 5._o before_o the_o king_n at_o westminster_n samson_n folyet_n bring_v a_o attaint_n upon_o a_o prohibition_n against_o thomas_n parson_n of_o swindon_n because_o he_o sue_v he_o in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n for_o a_o layâ—ee_n of_o the_o say_v samson_n in_o draycot_n contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prohibition_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o parson_n be_v condemn_v in_o 20_o mark_n etc._n etc._n which_o agree_v with_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n continue_v unto_o this_o day_n for_o precedent_n in_o ed._n 2._o ed._n 1._o h._n 3._o and_o king_n john_n and_o more_o ancient_a be_v not_o to_o be_v now_o follow_v unless_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n and_o practice_n at_o this_o day_n statute_n have_v change_v some_o and_o desuetudo_fw-la antiquate_a other_o there_o be_v two_o point_n adjudge_v by_o the_o say_a record_n 1._o that_o satisfaction_n may_v be_v give_v in_o discharge_n of_o payment_n of_o tithe_n and_o if_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o parson_n enjoy_v the_o thing_n give_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o tithe_n and_o yet_o sue_v for_o tithe_n in_o kind_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o prohibition_n because_o that_o he_o charge_v his_o layfee_n with_o tithe_n which_o be_v discharge_v of_o they_o by_o which_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o tithe_n can_v be_v discharge_v and_o altogether_o take_v away_o and_o extine_a and_o herewith_o agree_v the_o register_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a law-book_n fol._n 38._o by_o which_o also_o it_o appear_v that_o tithe_n may_v be_v discharge_v and_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o discharge_n ought_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n also_o by_o the_o act_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la make_v 13_o ed._n 1._o it_o be_v say_v s._n rector_n petat_fw-la versus_fw-la paroâ—hianos_fw-la oblationes_fw-la &_o decimas_fw-la debitaâ—_n &_o consuetas_fw-la &c._n &c._n which_o prove_v there_o be_v tithe_n in_o kind_n and_o other_o tithe_n due_a by_o custom_n as_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v 19_o ed._n 3._o jurisdiction_n 28._o the_o ordinance_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la be_v not_o a_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o prelate_n make_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o then_o the_o prelate_n acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v tithe_n due_a by_o custom_n which_o â—is_n a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o tithe_n by_o custom_n may_v be_v alter_v to_o another_o thing_n see_v 8_o ed._n 4._o 14._o f._n n._n b._n 41._o g._n vide_fw-la 3_o ed._n 3._o 17._o 16_o ed._n 3._o annuity_n 24._o 40_o ed._n 3._o 3._o b._n and_o f._n n._n b._n 152._o and_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v always_o hold_v his_o manor_n discharge_v of_o tithe_n and_o the_o parson_n have_v before_o time_n of_o memory_n divers_a land_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o which_o the_o parson_n be_v seize_v at_o this_o in_o fee_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o the_o parson_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n ever_o have_v receive_v any_o tithe_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n if_o the_o parson_n now_o sue_v for_o tithe_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n may_v show_v that_o special_a matter_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o proof_n that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n give_v the_o land_n that_o tithe_n shall_v never_o be_v pay_v at_o this_o day_n be_v good_a evidence_n to_o prove_v the_o surmise_n of_o the_o prohibition_n 19_o ed._n 3._o tit._n jurisdiction_n 28._o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o title_n of_o prescription_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o therefore_o a_o medus_n lecimandi_fw-la which_o accrue_v by_o custam_n and_o prescription_n likewise_o it_o appear_v 6_o h._n 4._o cap._n 6._o that_o the_o pope_n by_o his_o bull_n discharge_v divers_a from_o payment_n of_o tithe_n against_o which_o the_o act_n be_v make_v 31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o possession_n of_o religious_a person_n give_v to_o the_o king_n be_v discharge_v of_o payment_n of_o tithe_n in_o certain_a case_n 32_o h._n 8._o cap._n 7._o provide_v all_o tithe_n to_o be_v set_v as_o former_o except_o such_o as_o be_v discharge_v so_o 2_o ed._n 6._o c._n 13._o by_o which_o appear_v one_o may_v be_v discharge_v of_o tithe_n five_o way_n 1._o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n the_o common-law_n as_o tithe_n shall_v not_o be_v pay_v of_o coal_n quarry_n brick_n tile_n etc._n etc._n f._n n._n b._n 53._o and_o reg._n 54._o nor_o of_o the_o after-pasture_n of_o a_o meadow_n etc._n etc._n nor_o of_o raking_n nor_o of_o wood_n to_o make_v pale_n or_o mound_n or_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n 2._o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o 31_o h._n 8._o 13._o 45_o ed._n 3._o etc._n etc._n 3._o by_o privilege_n as_o those_o of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o england_n the_o cistertian_n temptor_n etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v 10_o h._n 7._o 277_o dyer_n 4._o by_o prescription_n as_o by_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la annual_a recompense_n in_o satisfaction_n as_o aforesaid_a 5._o by_o real_a composition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o register_n by_o all_o which_o appear_v that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v discharge_v of_o payment_n of_o tithe_n as_o aforesaid_a so_o as_o now_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o a_o layman_n ought_v to_o prescribe_v in_o modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la &_o not_o in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la and_o that_o in_o effeâ—â—_n agree_v with_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o his_o secunda_fw-la secundae_fw-la quaest_n 86._o be_v ultimo_fw-la see_v doct._n &_o stud._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 55._o fol._n 164._o that_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v not_o due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o he_o call_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o he_o cite_v john_n gerson_n a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n in_o a_o treatise_n which_o he_o call_v regulae_fw-la morales_fw-la viz._n solutio_fw-la decimarum_fw-la sacerdotibus_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la divino_fw-la quatenus_fw-la inde_fw-la sustenteâ—tur_fw-la sed_fw-la quoad_fw-la tam_fw-la hanc_fw-la vei_fw-la illam_fw-la assignare_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o alios_fw-la reditus_fw-la commutarâ—_n
aid_n hill_n 6_o jacob._n regis_fw-la prohibition_n upon_o ash-wednesday_n in_o feb._n 1606._o a_o great_a complaint_n be_v make_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o york_n to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n have_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o king_n command_n last_o term_n grant_v 50_o or_o 60_o prohibition_n out_o of_o the_o common-pleas_a to_o the_o precedent_n and_o council_n of_o york_n after_o the_o 6_o of_o february_n and_o name_v 3_o in_o particular_a 1._o between_o bell_n and_o thawptes_n 2._o another_o between_o snell_n and_o huâ—t_n 3._o and_o another_o in_o a_o information_n of_o a_o riotous_a rescue_n by_o english_a bill_n by_o the_o attorney-general_n against_o christopher_n dickenson_n one_o of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o york_n and_o other_o in_o rescue_v one_o william_n watson_n out_o of_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o one_o of_o the_o purseyvant_n of_o the_o say_a council_n who_o have_v arrest_v the_o say_a watson_n by_o force_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o rebellion_n by_o the_o say_a precedent_n and_o council_n award_v which_o prohibition_n upon_o the_o information_n be_v as_o be_v say_v deny_v upon_o a_o motion_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n the_o last_o term_n but_o grant_v by_o us._n and_o the_o king_n send_v for_o i_o to_o answer_v the_o complaint_n and_o i_o only_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n be_v absent_a wait_v upon_o the_o king_n who_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o egerton_n lord_n chancellor_n and_o other_o of_o the_o privy-councel_n rehearse_v to_o i_o the_o complaint_n aforesaid_a and_o i_o perceive_v well_o that_o the_o king_n have_v thereupon_o conceive_v great_a displeasure_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-plea_n but_o chief_o against_o i_o to_o which_o i_o have_v the_o copy_n of_o the_o complaint_n send_v i_o by_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n answer_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o i_o have_v make_v search_n in_o the_o office_n of_o prothonotary_n of_o the_o common-plea_n and_o as_o to_o the_o case_n between_o bell_n and_o thawpt_n and_o snell_n and_o huet_n no_o such_o can_v be_v find_v but_o i_o will_v not_o take_v advantage_n of_o a_o misprisal_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o 6_o of_o february_n the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n have_v grant_v a_o prohibition_n to_o the_o precedent_n and_o council_n of_o york_n between_o lock_n plaintiff_n and_o bell_n and_o other_o defendant_n and_o that_o be_v a_o replevin_n in_o english_a be_v grant_v by_o the_o say_a precedent_n and_o council_n which_o i_o affirm_v be_v utter_o against_o law_n for_o at_o common-law_n no_o replevin_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v but_o by_o original_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n cap._n 21._o and_o west_n 1._o cap._n 17._o authorize_v the_o sheriff_n to_o make_v a_o replevin_n so_o 29_o ed._n 3._o 21._o 8_o eliz._n dyer_n 245._o and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o instruction_n neither_o have_v make_v the_o precedent_n and_o council_n sheriff_n nor_o can_v grant_v they_o power_n to_o make_v a_o replevin_n against_o law_n which_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n affirm_v for_o very_o good_a law_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v we_o have_v grant_v other_o in_o the_o like_a case_n another_o prohibition_n i_o confess_v we_o have_v grant_v between_o sir_n bethel_n knight_n now_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n of_o york_n as_o executor_n to_o one_o stephenson_n who_o make_v he_o and_o another_o his_o executor_n and_o prefer_v a_o english_a bill_n against_o chamber_n and_o other_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n upon_o a_o trover_n and_o conversion_n of_o good_n and_o chattel_n in_o the_o testator_n life_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 1000_o l._n and_o because_o the_o other_o executor_n will_v not_o join_v with_o he_o he_o have_v no_o remedy_n at_o common-law_n but_o be_v force_v to_o pray_v remedy_n there_o in_o equity_n and_o i_o say_v the_o precedent_n and_o council_n have_v not_o any_o authority_n to_o proceed_v in_o that_o case_n for_o divers_a cause_n 1._o because_o there_o be_v a_o express_a limitation_n in_o their_o commission_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hold_v plea_n between_o party_n and_o party_n etc._n etc._n unless_o both_o or_o one_o of_o the_o party_n tanta_fw-la paupertate_fw-la sunt_fw-la gravati_fw-la that_o they_o can_v sue_v at_o common-law_n and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o knight_n sheriff_z and_o man_n of_o great_a quality_n 2._o because_o by_o that_o suit_n the_o king_n be_v deceive_v of_o his_o fine_a which_o be_v 200_o l._n because_o the_o damage_n amount_v to_o 4000_o l._n and_o that_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cause_n that_o the_o sheriff_n begin_v his_o suit_n there_o and_o not_o at_o common-law_n another_o cause_n be_v that_o their_o decree_n which_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o be_v final_a and_o uncontrollable_a either_o by_o error_n or_o any_o other_o remedy_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o king_n court_n where_o there_o be_v five_o judge_n for_o they_o can_v deny_v justice_n to_o none_o who_o have_v right_o nor_o give_v any_o judgement_n but_o what_o be_v controulable_a by_o errouâ—_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o we_o shall_v not_o grant_v prohibition_n in_o case_n where_o they_o hold_v plea_n without_o authority_n than_o the_o subject_n shall_v be_v wrongful_o oppress_v without_o law_n and_o we_o deny_v to_o do_v they_o justice_n and_o their_o ignorance_n in_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o allow_v that_o suit_n viz._n that_o the_o one_o executor_n have_v no_o remedy_n at_o common_a law_n because_o the_o other_o will_v not_o join_v in_o suit_n with_o he_o whereas_o every_o one_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n know_v that_o summon_v and_o severance_n lie_v in_o any_o suit_n bring_v as_o executor_n and_o this_o be_v also_o affirm_v by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n another_o prohibition_n i_o confess_v we_o grant_v between_o the_o l._n wharton_n who_o by_o english_a bill_n before_o the_o council_n sue_v bank_n s._n buttermere_n and_o other_o for_o fish_v in_o his_o several_a fishing_n in_o darwent_n in_o the_o county_n of_o c._n in_o nature_n of_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n at_o common-law_n to_o his_o damage_n of_o 200_o l._n and_o for_o the_o cause_n before_o recite_v and_o because_o the_o same_o be_v mere_o determinable_a at_o common-law_n we_o grant_v a_o prohibition_n and_o that_o also_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n then_o the_o king_n ask_v i_o the_o case_n of_o information_n upon_o the_o riotous_a rescous_a to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o one_o exhibit_v a_o bill_n there_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o mutuatus_fw-la against_o watson_n who_o upon_o his_o oath_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v satisfy_v the_o plaintiff_n and_o owe_v he_o nothing_o yet_o because_o he_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o debt_n the_o council_n decree_v the_o same_o against_o he_o and_o upon_o that_o decree_n the_o pursuyvant_a be_v send_v to_o arrest_v the_o say_a watson_n who_o arrest_v he_o upon_o which_o the_o rescous_a be_v make_v and_o because_o the_o action_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o action_n of_o dâ—bâ—_n upon_o a_o mutuatus_fw-la where_o the_o defendant_n at_o common_a law_n may_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n the_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v and_o that_o be_v also_o affirm_v by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n also_o i_o affirm_v it_o be_v rescous_a because_o the_o principal_a cause_n belong_v not_o to_o they_o but_o it_o may_v be_v a_o riot_n yet_o not_o punishable_a by_o they_o but_o by_o course_n of_o law_n by_o a_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n also_o i_o confess_v that_o we_o have_v grant_v divers_a prohibition_n to_o stay_v suit_n there_o by_o english_a bill_n upon_o penal_a statute_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecution_n as_o well_o for_o the_o action_n process_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o the_o count_n be_v to_o be_v pursue_v and_o can_v be_v alter_v and_o therefore_o without_o question_n the_o council_n in_o such_o case_n can_v hold_v plea_n which_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o i_o say_v no_o court_n of_o equity_n can_v be_v erect_v at_o this_o day_n without_o act_n of_o parl_n as_o be_v resolve_v in_o q._n eliz._n time_n in_o parrot_n case_n and_o late_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o precedent_n and_o council_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o king_n be_v well_o satisfy_v with_o these_o reason_n who_o give_v i_o his_o royal_a hand_n and_o i_o depart_v from_o thence_o in_o his_o favour_n pasch_fw-mi 7_o jac._n regis_fw-la this_o term_n a_o question_n be_v move_v at_o sergeant_n inn_n who_o by_o the_o common-law_n aught_o to_o repair_v the_o bridge_n common_a river_n and_o sewer_n and_o the_o highway_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o it_o and_o first_o of_o bridges_n and_o as_o to_o they_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o of_o common_a right_n all_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v
county_n of_o hereford_n in_o his_o denâ—esne_n as_o of_o free_a and_o find_v the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n 1._o that_o mâ—ssâ—agium_fw-la vel_fw-la tenementum_fw-la be_v uncertain_a for_o tenementum_fw-la be_v nomen_fw-la collectivum_fw-la and_o may_v contain_v land_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v hold_v 2._o it_o be_v hold_v that_o it_o be_v void_a for_o the_o whole_a because_o no_o town_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o office_n where_o the_o message_n or_o tenement_n etc._n etc._n lie_v and_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o melius_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la shall_v issue_v forth_o because_o the_o whole_a office_n be_v incertain_a and_o void_a trin._n 7_o jac._n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n the_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n move_v the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n in_o this_o case_n a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n covenant_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o son_n and_o his_o name_n blood_n and_o posterity_n that_o he_o will_v stand_v seize_v of_o they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n and_o after_o to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o to_o such_o woman_n as_o he_o shall_v marry_v and_o the_o heir-males_a of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o son_n and_o afterward_o the_o father_n die_v and_o after_o the_o son_n take_v a_o wife_n and_o die_v if_o the_o wife_n shall_v take_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o say_v two_o chief_a justice_n and_o chief_a baron_n that_o the_o wife_n shall_v take_v well_o enough_o be_v within_o the_o consideration_n which_o be_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o posterity_n and_o without_o a_o wife_n the_o son_n can_v have_v posterity_n second_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o son_n shall_v support_v the_o use_n to_o the_o defendant_n and_o when_o the_o contingent_a happen_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o son_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o limitation_n viz._n to_o the_o son_n and_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o son_n and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o whole_a court_n in_o sheffields_n case_n in_o q._n elizabeth_n time_n trin._n 7_o jac._n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n spary_n case_n john_n spary_n seize_v in_o fee_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n have_v issue_n by_o she_o and_o 22_o dec._n 9_o eliz._n alienate_v to_o edward_n lord_n stafford_n the_o wife_n die_v the_o issue_n of_o full_a age_n the_o alienee_n hold_v the_o land_n and_o 10_o year_n after_o the_o father_n death_n and_o 12_o year_n after_o the_o mother_n office_n be_v find_v 7_o jac._n find_v all_o the_o special_a matter_n after_o the_o mother_n death_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o mean_a profit_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v to_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o chief_a baron_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o mean_a profit_n because_o the_o alienee_n be_v in_o by_o title_n and_o until_o entry_n the_o heir_n have_v no_o remedy_n for_o the_o mean_a profit_n but_o that_o the_o king_n may_v seize_v and_o make_v livery_n because_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v lawful_a by_o the_o stat._n 32_o h._n 8._o trin._n 7_o jac._n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n it_o be_v find_v by_o force_n of_o a_o mandamus_fw-la at_o kendal_n in_o westmoreland_n 21_o dec._n 6_o jac._n that_o george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n long_o before_o his_o death_n be_v seize_v in_o tail_n to_o he_o and_o to_o the_o heirs-male_a of_o his_o body_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o browham_n applâ—by_n etc._n etc._n the_o remainder_n to_o sir_n ingram_n clifford_n with_o divers_a remainder_n in_o tail_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o henry_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n father_n of_o the_o say_v george_n and_o that_o the_o say_v george_n earl_n so_o seize_v by_o fine_a and_o recovery_n convey_v they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o margaret_n his_o wife_n for_o their_o life_n for_o the_o jointure_n of_o margaret_n and_o after_o to_o the_o heir-males_a of_o the_o body_n of_o george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o francis_n now_o earl_n of_o cumberland_n and_o the_o heir-males_a of_o his_o body_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o say_v george_n and_o after_o by_o another_o indenture_n convey_v the_o fee-simple_n to_o francis_n earl_n by_o force_n of_o which_o and_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n they_o be_v seize_v according_o and_o afterward_o the_o 30_o of_o octob._n 3_o jac._n george_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n die_v without_o heir_n male_a of_o his_o body_n etc._n etc._n and_o find_v further_o that_o margaret_n countess_z of_o cumberland_n that_o now_o be_v be_v alive_a and_o take_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o premise_n from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v george_n earl_n till_o the_o take_n the_o inquisition_n and_o further_o find_v the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o writ_n 1._o and_o first_o it_o be_v object_v here_o be_v no_o die_v seize_v find_v by_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o office_n shall_v be_v insufficient_a but_o to_o that_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o by_o this_o office_n the_o king_n be_v not_o entitle_v by_o the_o common-law_n for_o then_o a_o die_v seize_v be_v necessary_a but_o this_o office_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v upon_o the_o stat._n 32_o and_o 34_o h._n 8._o by_o force_n of_o which_o no_o die_a seize_v be_v necessary_a and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o vincents_n case_n anno_fw-la 23_o eliz._n 2._o the_o second_o objection_n be_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o wife_n estate_n continue_v in_o she_o till_o the_o earl_n death_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n have_v alien_v the_o same_o to_o another_o and_o then_o no_o primer_n seizin_n shall_v be_v as_o be_v agree_v in_o binghams_n case_n and_o to_o that_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o office_n be_v sufficient_a prima_fw-la fancy_n for_o the_o king_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n collateral_a and_o no_o point_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o if_o such_o alienation_n be_v the_o same_o shall_v come_v in_o of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o alienee_n by_o a_o monstrans_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr and_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v a_o strong_a case_n because_o it_o be_v find_v the_o councess_n take_v the_o profit_n from_o the_o death_n of_o george_n the_o earl_n till_o the_o find_v the_o office_n trin._n 7_o jac._n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n will_n case_n henry_n will_v seize_v of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o wryland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o dâ—von_n hold_v of_o q._n eliz._n iâ—_n socage_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o say_v 4â—h_a part_n enfeoff_v zathary_a irish_a and_o other_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v henry_n for_o his_o life_n and_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o thomas_n will_v his_o second_o son_n in_o tail_n and_o after_o to_o the_o use_n of_o richard_n will_n his_o young_a son_n in_o tail_n and_o after_o the_o say_v henry_n so_o seize_v as_o aforesaid_a dye_v all_o this_o matter_n be_v find_v by_o office_n and_o the_o question_n be_v if_o the_o king_n ought_v to_o have_v primer_n seize_v in_o this_o case_n that_o livery_n and_o ouster_n le_fw-fr main_n shall_v be_v sue_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32_o and_o 34_o h._n 8._o and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n that_o not_o if_o in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o common-law_n no_o livery_n or_o ouster_n le_fw-fr main_fw-fr shall_v be_v sue_v and_o that_o be_v agree_v by_o they_o all_o by_o the_o experience_n and_o couâ—se_n of_o the_o course_n see_v 21_o eliz._n dyer_n 362._o and_o 4_o eliz._n dyer_n 213._o and_o two_o precedent_n be_v show_v which_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o same_o court_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o justice_n assistant_n to_o the_o court._n one_o in_o trin._n 16_o eliz._n thomas_n stavely_n enfeoff_v william_n strelley_n and_o thomas_n law_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o rynd_o in_o nottingh_n â—shire_v on_o condition_n that_o they_o re-enfeoffe_a the_o feoffor_a and_o his_o wife_n for_o their_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o thomas_n stavely_n sâ—n_n and_o heir_n apparent_a of_o the_o feoffer_n in_o fee_n which_o manor_n be_v hold_v of_o q._n elizabeth_n in_o socage_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o livery_n or_o ouster_n le_fw-fr main_n shall_v be_v sue_v in_o such_o case_n because_o of_o the_o save_n of_o the_o stat._n 32_o h._n 8._o
the_o word_n whereof_o be_v save_v &c._n &c._n to_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n all_o his_o right_a etc._n etc._n of_o primer_n seize_v and_o relief_n etc._n etc._n for_o tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenure_n in_o socage_n in_o chief_a as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v use_v but_o there_o be_v no_o custom_n before_o the_o act_n for_o the_o king_n to_o have_v primer_n seizin_n etc._n etc._n another_o precedent_n be_v in_o pasch_fw-mi 37_o eliz._n in_o the_o book_n of_o order_n fol._n 444._o where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o william_n allet_n be_v seize_v of_o certain_a land_n in_o pitsey_n call_v lundsey_n hold_v of_o the_o queen_n in_o socage_n tenure_n in_o chief_a and_o by_o deed_n covenant_v to_o stand_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o use_n of_o richard_n his_o young_a son_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v and_o all_o be_v find_v by_o office_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v ut_fw-la supra_fw-la but_o the_o doubt_n oâ—_n the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v because_o henry_n the_o feoffor_n have_v a_o reversion_n in_o fee_n which_o descend_v to_o the_o say_v william_n his_o elder_a son_n trin._n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la the_o case_n of_o the_o admiralty_n a_o bâ—ll_n be_v prefer_v in_o the_o star-chamber_n against_o sir_n richard_n hawkins_n vice-admiral_n of_o the_o county_n of_o devon_n and_o be_v charge_v that_o one_o william_n hull_n and_o other_o be_v notorious_a pirate_n upon_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o show_v in_o certain_a what_o piracy_n they_o have_v commit_v that_o the_o say_a sir_n richard_n hawkins_n know_v the_o same_o do_v receive_v they_o and_o abet_v &_o comfort_v they_o and_o for_o bribe_n suffer_v they_o to_o be_v discharge_v and_o what_o offence_n that_o be_v the_o court_n refer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o chief_a baron_n who_o hear_v council_n of_o both_o side_n divers_a day_n at_o sergeant_n inn_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o 1._o that_o the_o admiral_n by_o the_o common-law_n ought_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o appear_v full_o by_o the_o 13_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o and_o therewith_o agree_v 2_o h._n 4._o c._n 11._o and_o 15_o h._n 2._o c._n 3._o so_o also_o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 6._o 5_o eliz._n c._n 5._o and_o this_o agree_v with_o stamf._n fol._n 51._o 8_o ed._n 2._o coron_n 399._o see_v plo._n com._n 37_o b._n 2_o r._n 3._o 12._o 30_o h._n 6._o 6._o by_o prisoit_fw-fr 2._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o a_o power_n to_o hold_v plea_n not_o of_o a_o power_n to_o award_v execution_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v do_v execution_n within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n and_o therefore_o 19_o h._n 6._o 7._o the_o case_n be_v w._n t._n at_o southwark_n affirm_v a_o plaint_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o admiralty_n against_o j._n b._n of_o a_o trespass_n do_v upon_o the_o high-sea_n whereupon_o j._n b._n be_v cite_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o common_a day_n next_o ensue_v at_o which_o day_n the_o say_v j._n b._n make_v default_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o court_n the_o say_v j._n b._n be_v amerce_v to_o 20_o mark_n whereupon_o command_n be_v make_v to_o p._n as_o minister_v of_o the_o say_a court_n to_o take_v the_o good_n of_o the_o say_v j._n b._n to_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o aforesaid_a w._n t._n by_o force_n of_o which_o he_o for_o the_o say_v 20_o mark_n take_v 5_o cow_n and_o 100_o sheep_n in_o execution_n for_o the_o say_a money_n in_o the_o county_n of_o jeicester_n and_o there_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o newton_n and_o the_o whole_a court_n that_o the_o statute_n restrain_v the_o power_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o a_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n but_o they_o do_v not_o restrain_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o same_o court_n to_o be_v serve_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o which_o case_n these_o point_n be_v resolve_v 1._o though_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v not_o a_o court_n of_o record_n see_v brooks_n error_n 77._o acc_fw-la yet_o by_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n they_o may_v amerce_v the_o defendant_n for_o his_o default_n by_o their_o discretion_n 2._o that_o they_o may_v make_v execution_n for_o the_o same_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o defendant_n in_o corpore_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o good_n may_v arrest_v his_o body_n but_o the_o great_a question_n between_o they_o be_v if_o a_o man_n commit_v piracy_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o one_o know_v thereof_o receive_v and_o comfort_v the_o defendant_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n if_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o the_o commissioner_n by_o the_o act_n 28_o h._n 8._o cap._n 16._o may_v proceed_v by_o indictment_n and_o conviction_n against_o the_o receiver_n and_o abetter_n the_o offence_n of_o the_o accessary_a have_v his_o beginning_n within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o that_o such_o a_o receiver_n and_o a_o abetter_n by_o the_o common-law_n can_v not_o be_v indict_v and_o convict_v because_o the_o common-law_n can_v take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o original_a offence_n be_v do_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o common-law_n and_o where_o it_o can_v punish_v the_o principal_a it_o can_v punish_v the_o accessary_a and_o therefore_o coke_n chief_a justice_n report_v to_o they_o a_o case_n which_o be_v in_o suffolk_n 28_o eliz._n where_o butler_n and_o other_o upon_o the_o sea_n next_o to_o the_o town_n of_o jaystoff_n rob_v divers_a of_o the_o queen_n subject_n of_o their_o good_n which_o they_o bring_v into_o norfolk_n and_o there_o be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o i_o than_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o same_o county_n and_o upon_o examination_n they_o confess_v a_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a piracy_n and_o that_o the_o good_n then_o in_o their_o custody_n be_v part_n of_o the_o good_n which_o they_o have_v so_o rob_v and_o i_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o that_o case_n it_o can_v not_o be_v felony_n punishable_a by_o the_o common-law_n because_o the_o original_a act_n be_v not_o offence_n whereof_o the_o common-law_n take_v knowledge_n and_o then_o the_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o county_n can_v not_o make_v the_o same_o felony_n punishable_a by_o our_o law_n yet_o i_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o gaol_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o at_o the_o next_o assize_n the_o opinion_n of_o wray_n chief_a justice_n and_o perian_a justice_n of_o assize_n be_v agree_v with_o i_o ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o thereupon_o they_o be_v commit_v to_o sir_n robert_n southwel_n than_o vice-admiral_n for_o those_o county_n and_o this_o in_o effect_n agree_v with_o lacy_n case_n which_o see_v in_o my_o report_n cite_v in_o bingham_n case_n 2_o rep._n 93._o and_o in_o constable_n case_n c._n 5._o rep._n 107._o see_v piracy_n be_v felony_n 40_o ass_n 25._o by_o schard_v where_o a_o captain_n of_o a_o ship_n with_o some_o englishman_n rob_v the_o king_n subject_n upon_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o the_o say_v it_o be_v felony_n in_o the_o norman_a captain_n and_o treason_n in_o the_o englishman_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o petit-treason_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n the_o pirate_n be_v take_v the_o norman_a captain_n be_v hang_v and_o the_o english_a draw_v etc._n etc._n hang_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o book_n see_v stamford_n 10._o trin._n 7_o jac._n regis_fw-la in_o the_o common-plea_n pettus_n and_o godsalve_n case_n in_o a_o fine_a levy_v trinity_n term_n anno_fw-la quinto_fw-la of_o this_o king_n between_z john_n pettus_n esq_n plaintiff_n and_o richard_n godsalve_n and_o other_o deforceant_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o castre_n etc._n etc._n in_o norfolk_n where_o in_o the_o â—hird_n proclamation_n upon_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o fine_a the_o say_a proclamation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v which_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la quinto_fw-la and_o the_o four_o proclamation_n be_v altogether_o leave_v out_o because_o upon_o view_n of_o the_o proclamation_n upon_o dorsis_fw-la upon_o record_n not_o finis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la termini_fw-la per_fw-la justiciarios_fw-la remain_v with_o the_o chirographer_n etc._n etc._n it_o appear_v the_o say_a proclamation_n be_v due_o make_v therefore_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o error_n aforesaid_a shall_v be_v amend_v and_o make_v to_o agree_v as_o well_o with_o the_o proclamation_n upon_o record_n of_o the_o fine_a and_o entry_n of_o the_o book_n as_o with_o the_o other_o proclamation_n in_o dorsis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o