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right_a understanding_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n nay_o christianity_n itself_o but_o for_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o preface_n i_o have_v also_o make_v some_o addition_n wherein_o i_o have_v show_v your_o principle_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v not_o a_o new_a invention_n but_o that_o which_o several_a great_a man_n have_v before_o deliver_v as_o the_o only_a firm_a rule_n by_o which_o to_o try_v not_o only_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n but_o all_o civil_a law_n whether_o they_o be_v right_a and_o just_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o not_o and_o i_o have_v also_o conclude_v it_o with_o a_o set_n of_o principle_n very_o necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o the_o two_o last_o alone_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o your_o lordship_n book_n as_o well_o as_o of_o my_o abridgement_n of_o it_o but_o to_o speak_v more_o particular_o of_o the_o discourse_n 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have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o second_o part_n viz._n those_o that_o relate_v to_o that_o author_n be_v moral_a principle_n which_o if_o they_o be_v false_a his_o politic_a one_o will_v fall_v of_o themselves_o to_o conclude_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o lordship_n pardon_n if_o i_o have_v make_v bold_a to_o alter_v your_o method_n as_o to_o your_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h.'s_n principles_n for_o whereas_o you_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o body_n of_o your_o work_n and_o as_o they_o occur_v under_o the_o several_a head_n you_o treat_v of_o since_o i_o perceive_v the_o place_v your_o answer_n after_o that_o manner_n do_v disturb_v the_o connexion_n and_o perspicuity_n of_o the_o discourse_n i_o think_v it_o better_a to_o cast_v those_o answer_n into_o a_o distinct_a part_n digest_v under_o so_o many_o head_n or_o proposition_n in_o the_o order_n in_o which_o they_o stand_v in_o mr._n h.'s_n book_n de_fw-fr cive_z and_o leviathan_n where_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o 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but_o prove_v more_o useful_a for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o our_o church_n and_o state_n in_o this_o high_a and_o public_a station_n to_o which_o their_o majesty_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o call_v you_o than_o you_o can_v have_v be_v in_o a_o more_o private_a condition_n and_o i_o hope_v your_o lordship_n will_v look_v upon_o this_o dedication_n as_o a_o small_a tribute_n of_o gratitude_n which_o all_o the_o world_n must_v owe_v you_o for_o your_o learned_a and_o not_o common_a undertake_n of_o which_o obligation_n none_o ought_v to_o be_v or_o indeed_o be_v more_o sensible_a than_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o faithful_a and_o humble_a servant_n james_n tyrrell_n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n by_o way_n of_o introduction_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o study_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prefer_v by_o plato_n aristotle_n socrates_n and_o tully_n the_o wise_a
of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n above_o all_o other_o knowledge_n whether_o natural_a or_o civil_a and_o that_o deserve_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o usefulness_n as_o certainty_n since_o it_o be_v to_o that_o alone_a as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n that_o man_n before_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o divine_a revelation_n owe_v the_o discovery_n of_o their_o natural_a duty_n to_o god_n themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o cicero_n have_v show_v we_o at_o large_a in_o those_o three_o excellent_a treatise_n de_fw-fr officiis_n de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o though_o i_o grant_v we_o christian_n have_v now_o clear_a and_o high_a discovery_n of_o all_o moral_a duty_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n yet_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a religion_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n still_o of_o great_a use_n to_o we_o as_o well_o for_o the_o confirmation_n as_o illustration_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n since_o by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o the_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v we_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o god_n require_v nothing_o from_o we_o in_o all_o the_o practical_a duty_n of_o reveal_v religion_n but_o our_o reasonable_a service_n that_o be_v what_o be_v real_o our_o own_o interest_n and_o concern_v our_o good_a and_o happiness_n to_o observe_v as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n of_o life_n whether_o god_n have_v ever_o far_o enforce_v they_o or_o not_o by_o any_o reveal_v law_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n have_v high_o advance_v and_o improve_v these_o natural_a law_n by_o more_o excellent_a and_o refine_a precept_n of_o humility_n charity_n and_o self-denial_n than_o be_v discover_v before_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o great_a assurance_n we_o have_v of_o that_o grand_a motive_n to_o religion_n and_o virtue_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o a_o life_n either_o eternal_o happy_a or_o miserable_a when_o this_o be_v end_v yet_o certain_o it_o be_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n alone_o by_o which_o mankind_n be_v not_o only_o to_o live_v but_o also_o to_o be_v judge_v before_o the_o law_n give_v to_o moses_n and_o it_o must_v be_v for_o not_o live_v up_o to_o this_o natural_a light_n that_o the_o heathen_n shall_v be_v condemn_v who_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o christ_n or_o of_o a_o reveal_v religion_n and_o so_o can_v as_o st._n paul_n express_o declare_v to_o the_o roman_n believe_v on_o he_o of_o who_o they_o have_v not_o hear_v rom._n 10.14_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o apostle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o epistle_n appeal_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n from_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v see_v that_o be_v the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o their_o fall_a notwithstanding_o this_o knowledge_n into_o that_o gross_a idolatry_n they_o profess_v as_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o god_n give_v they_o up_o to_o their_o own_o heart_n lust_n because_o that_o when_o they_o know_v god_n they_o glorify_v he_o not_o as_o god_n neither_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n and_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v five_o 21._o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o apostle_n far_o tell_v they_o that_o when_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n these_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n as_o the_o main_a substance_n or_o effect_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o this_o law_n alone_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_v mark_v what_o immediate_o follow_v their_o conscience_n bear_v witness_n and_o their_o own_o thought_n or_o reason_v as_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v render_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v each_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o apostle_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o rewarder_n of_o good_a work_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o reveal_v religion_n and_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o save_a faith_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n chap._n 11._o v._n 6._o but_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o please_v he_o for_o he_o that_o come_v unto_o god_n must_v first_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o rewarder_n of_o all_o they_o that_o diligent_o seek_v he_o but_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o natural_a religion_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o reveal_v since_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n wilkins_n late_a bishop_n of_o chester_n have_v so_o well_o perform_v that_o noble_a undertake_n in_o that_o excellent_a posthumous_n treatise_n publish_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n tillotson_n now_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o which_o nothing_o needs_o to_o be_v add_v by_o so_o mean_v a_o pen_n as_o i_o but_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o derive_v from_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o true_a politic_n as_o be_v those_o which_o be_v appeal_v to_o in_o all_o controversy_n between_o civil_a sovereign_n and_o also_o be_v the_o main_a rule_n of_o those_o mutual_a duty_n between_o sovereign_n and_o their_o subject_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v how_o these_o law_n may_v be_v discover_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n now_o whereas_o this_o can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n viz._n either_o from_o the_o certain_a and_o manifest_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o proceed_v from_o their_o observation_n or_o two_o from_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v be_v already_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o other_o especial_o by_o the_o most_o learned_a hugo_n grotius_n in_o his_o admirable_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la and_o by_o his_o brother_n william_n in_o that_o small_a posthumous_n treatise_n de_fw-fr principiis_fw-la juris_fw-la naturalis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o judicious_a mounseur_fw-fr puffendorf_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la as_o also_o by_o our_o own_o countryman_n dr._n sharrock_n who_o have_v all_o undertake_v to_o prove_v their_o certainty_n from_o their_o general_a belief_n and_o reception_n by_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o civilise_a nation_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n in_o that_o most_o elaborate_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la juxta_fw-la placita_fw-la hebraeorum_n and_o as_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o those_o great_a man_n have_v all_o deserve_v very_o well_o in_o their_o way_n so_o i_o think_v none_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n than_o that_o excellent_a work_n of_o grotius_n the_o elder_a which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o its_o kind_n so_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o endure_v as_o long_o as_o virtue_n and_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o esteem_n among_o mankind_n and_o though_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o this_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o to_o render_v it_o altogether_o fallacious_a or_o useless_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v yet_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v they_o can_v chief_o serve_v to_o convince_v man_n of_o sincere_a and_o honest_a mind_n and_o who_o be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o virtue_n and_o right_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v more_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o certain_a to_o seek_v for_o a_o firm_a and_o clear_a demonstration_n thereof_o from_o a_o strict_a search_n and_o inquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o self_n by_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o may_v attain_v not_o only_o to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o of_o that_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v all_o derive_v but_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o narrow_a bound_n of_o a_o preface_n to_o propose_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v against_o their_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o perhaps_o can_v it_o be_v do_v at_o all_o to_o the_o universal_a satisfaction_n even_o of_o indifferent_a person_n since_o it_o may_v be_v still_o urge_v by_o those_o that_o do_v not_o admit_v they_o that_o although_o some_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n may_v be_v indeed_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o understand_n and_o
their_o nature_n §_o 11._o all_o creature_n express_v a_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n some_o case_n or_o interval_n wherein_o nature_n seem_v to_o act_v otherwise_o no_o contradiction_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n §_o 12._o all_o animal_n impel_v by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o part_n to_o a_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o to_o a_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 13._o all_o animal_n take_v delight_n in_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n joy_n desire_v etc._n etc._n as_o helpful_a to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a passion_n when_o inordinate_a be_v high_o destructive_a to_o it_o §_o 14._o mr._n h._n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o suppose_v somewhat_o in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o more_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 15._o other_o peculiar_a observation_n relate_v to_o man_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a as_o first_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n in_o man_n than_o in_o brute_n §_o 16._o 2._o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n from_o whence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a and_o last_a love_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 17._o 3._o from_o the_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o man_n hand_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v give_v we_o for_o some_o more_o noble_a use_n than_o bare_a self-preservation_n §_o 18._o last_o from_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o man_n body_n and_o way_n of_o motion_n §_o 19_o the_o next_o set_v of_o observation_n tend_v to_o prove_v man_n more_o fit_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o this_o common_a good_a be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n soul_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n and_o 1._o from_o that_o of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la especial_o in_o that_o of_o distinguish_v of_o real_a or_o natural_a from_o apparent_a good_n §_o 20._o what_o be_v understand_v by_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a or_o moral_a good_a or_o evil._n certain_a axiom_n for_o the_o plain_a understanding_n their_o nature_n and_o degree_n §_o 21._o how_o we_o arrive_v to_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o also_o to_o a_o notion_n of_o the_o general_a or_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 22._o speech_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n nature_n §_o 23._o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n arise_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 24._o man_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v beast_n in_o their_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o also_o in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o number_n §_o 25._o as_o also_o in_o the_o power_n of_o understanding_n the_o different_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n between_o body_n which_o we_o call_v geometry_n §_o 26._o the_o two_o great_a remain_a prerogative_n of_o humane_a soul_n freedom_n of_o will_n as_o to_o moral_a action_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n §_o 27_o 28._o what_o knowledge_n we_o can_v have_v of_o his_o attribute_n which_o can_v never_o be_v true_o understand_v but_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o great_a end_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n §_o 29._o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o sum_n up_o all_o those_o observation_n into_o a_o general_a proposition_n of_o god_n willing_a and_o command_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 1._o a_o brief_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n of_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o law_n §_o 2._o that_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o duty_n as_o declare_v by_o god_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a certain_a principle_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o prove_v it_o §_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o that_o this_o be_v once_o discover_v to_o we_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o proposition_n as_o a_o natural_a law_n with_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o term_n obligation_n and_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o oblige_v we_o §_o 7_o 8_o 9_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o freedom_n of_o our_o will_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o mere_a animal_n and_o a_o rational_a or_o natural_a good_a the_o neglect_n of_o which_o distinction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o epicurus_n and_o mr._n h_n error_n §_o 10._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o obligation_n to_o this_o law_n viz._n its_o sanction_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n certain_a axiom_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o of_o man_n true_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n with_o its_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o other_o being_n §_o 11._o that_o though_o all_o moral_a obligation_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o reward_n or_o punishment_n yet_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v insignificant_a without_o they_o with_o a_o scale_n of_o nature_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o vegetable_n and_o inanimate_a body_n and_o between_o man_n and_o brute_n §_o 12._o the_o strict_a sanction_n and_o consequent_o obligation_n to_o all_o law_n consist_v in_o reward_n and_o punishment_n due_o distribute_v god_n right_a of_o dominion_n not_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o his_o irresistible_a power_n §_o 13._o the_o internal_a reward_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o nature_n be_v first_o the_o inward_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o also_o the_o pleasure_n all_o man_n take_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n etc._n etc._n §_o 14_o 15._o the_o external_a reward_n be_v all_o the_o like_a return_n of_o this_o benevolence_n from_o other_o with_o the_o praise_n or_o commendation_n of_o all_o good_a man_n together_o with_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n §_o 16_o 17._o last_o from_o god_n soundness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o all_o those_o outward_a blessing_n he_o usual_o bestow_v on_o the_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a with_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n why_o god_n often_o afflict_v good_a man_n §_o 18._o the_o internal_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o privation_n of_o the_o former_a good_a thing_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o punishment_n §_o 19_o error_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o passion_n a_o real_a evil_n and_o a_o internal_a punishment_n §_o 20._o 3._o that_o such_o evil_a action_n can_v but_o be_v often_o displease_v to_o the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o §_o 21._o 4._o that_o vice_n and_o crime_n seldom_o come_v alone_o but_o let_v in_o a_o train_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o worse_o along_o with_o they_o §_o 22._o 5._o that_o such_o a_o offender_n can_v get_v out_o of_o this_o state_n when_o he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o without_o the_o trouble_n of_o repentance_n §_o 23._o 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n both_o from_o god_n and_o man_n §_o 24._o the_o external_a punishment_n be_v 1._o the_o evil_n that_fw-mi happen_v to_o the_o body_n from_o violent_a and_o unsociable_a passion_n §_o 25._o the_o second_o those_o return_n of_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n which_o all_o such_o man_n must_v expect_v from_o other_o §_o 26._o the_o 3d._n return_v of_o revenge_n from_o those_o they_o have_v injure_v §_o 27._o last_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v often_o inflict_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n all_o which_o natural_a punishment_n mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n §_o 28._o that_o where_o these_o punishment_n fail_v in_o this_o life_n they_o will_v be_v supply_v by_o other_o infinite_o more_o grievous_a and_o durable_a in_o that_o to_o come_v §_o 29._o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o this_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n be_v true_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n requisite_a thereunto_o §_o 30._o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v his_o own_o life_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n that_o in_o all_o society_n the_o good_a of_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a §_o 1._o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o law_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o
knowledge_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n §_o 2._o and_o also_o that_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o this_o one_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a that_o prudence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o graet_fw-la end_n the_o common_a good_a as_o constancy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a fortitude_n §_o 3._o that_o temperance_n or_o moderation_n in_o all_o corporeal_a pleasure_n be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o under_o love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v contain_v the_o virtue_n of_o innocence_n meekness_n etc._n etc._n §_o 4_o 5._o equity_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 6._o the_o same_o prove_v likewise_o of_o justice_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v we_o either_o by_o natural_a or_o civil_a law_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o a_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n necessary_a thereunto_o the_o one_o in_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o other_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n §_o 7._o from_o property_n arise_v the_o necessity_n of_o contract_n promise_n gift_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o this_o great_a law_n §_o 8._o from_o this_o natural_a property_n arise_v the_o virtue_n of_o moderation_n set_v bound_n to_o inordinate_a self-love_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a frugality_n no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o render_v we_o not_o burdensome_a not_o injurious_a to_o other_o §_o 9_o the_o natural_a love_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o limit_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 10._o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n such_o as_o temperance_n frugality_n etc._n etc._n more_o particular_o explain_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o §_o 11._o the_o same_o more_o particular_o apply_v and_o make_v out_o in_o every_o particular_a virtue_n which_o constitute_v justice_n §_o 12._o all_o the_o homolitical_a virtue_n i._n e._n such_o as_o respect_v conversation_n or_o the_o due_a use_n of_o speech_n explain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o a_o like_a respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 13_o 14_o 15._o self-love_n and_o self-preservation_n only_o lawful_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n §_o 16._o some_o far_a explanation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o temperance_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v §_o 17._o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v chastity_n a_o virtue_n only_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 18._o another_o part_n of_o it_o viz._n modesty_n in_o seek_v of_o riches_n honour_n etc._n etc._n virtue_n only_a as_o they_o limit_v our_o self-love_n from_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o we_o have_v need_n of_o or_o deserve_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 19_o that_o a_o regard_n to_o this_o great_a rule_n run_v through_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n §_o 20._o right_o reason_n explain_v to_o be_v only_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o end_n in_o all_o moral_a action_n towards_o god_n or_o man_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n §_o 21._o and_o that_o from_o their_o true_a understanding_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v have_v of_o natural_a law_n notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a latitude_n leave_v we_o for_o indifferent_a action_n §_o 22._o the_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o other_o good_n so_o it_o be_v a_o true_a standard_n or_o measure_n of_o they_o as_o show_v what_o good_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v before_o other_o §_o 23._o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v learn_v from_o hence_o what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o consequent_o thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o proportion_n of_o goodness_n and_o happiness_n §_o 24._o piety_n towards_o god_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n §_o 25._o nothing_o a_o good_a but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 26._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disquisition_n into_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o be_v that_o which_o make_v all_o moral_a philosophy_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n §_o 27._o a_o brief_a conclusion_n out_o of_o dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o objection_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n platonist_n and_o epicurean_o against_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a the_o objection_n of_o the_o former_a to_o be_v first_o consider_v their_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n to_o imprint_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n on_o our_o mind_n §_o 1._o answer_v thereunto_o out_o of_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n etc._n etc._n §_o 2._o a_o far_a answer_n from_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o visible_a thing_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 3._o the_o laboriousness_n of_o our_o method_n no_o material_a objection_n §_o 4._o a_o explicit_a idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a not_o always_o necessary_a to_o its_o observation_n §_o 5._o another_o objection_n against_o our_o method_n that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v chief_o good_a to_o himself_o answer_v that_o this_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o i_o grant_v our_o obligation_n to_o it_o as_o a_o law_n can_v extend_v far_o than_o as_o it_o concern_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n §_o 6_o 7._o a_o reply_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o epicurean_o the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n etc._n etc._n to_o permit_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o unreasonable_a passion_n and_o lust_n of_o mankind_n answ._n that_o god_n intend_v man_n for_o a_o voluntary_a creature_n to_o be_v move_v by_o moral_a evil_n as_o well_o as_o good_a and_o that_o god_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o restrain_v his_o action_n by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n §_o 8_o 9_o second_o objection_n if_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n seem_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o it_o many_o live_n without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a §_o 10._o answer_n this_o objection_n be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n against_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o law_n than_o it_o be_v against_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o ignorance_n it_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o creation_n or_o else_o from_o want_n of_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o consider_v these_o thing_n §_o 11._o man_n not_o make_v a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n in_o discover_v these_o truth_n no_o objection_n against_o their_o certainty_n §_o 12._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n §_o 13._o this_o objection_n in_o vain_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v make_v up_o of_o particular_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a or_o general_a good_a which_o though_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v as_o true_a and_o real_a as_o any_o other_o and_o as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n far_o prove_v from_o lock_n be_v essay_n and_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_n can_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o notion_n §_o 14._o mr._n h_n great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v by_o signify_v nothing_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 15._o so_o neither_o that_o of_o preserve_v a_o man_n self_n or_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n unless_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 16._o not_o only_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n and_o
the_o gospel_n of_o jesus_n christ_n reducible_a to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o great_a design_n of_o christ_n come_v into_o the_o world_n §_o 17_o 18._o a_o conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a §_o 19_o to_o the_o bookseller_n the_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o treatise_n send_v it_o to_o i_o then_o be_v in_o a_o private_a station_n above_o a_o year_n ago_o but_o then_o conceal_v his_o name_n from_o i_o either_o through_o his_o great_a modesty_n or_o because_o in_o his_o prudence_n he_o think_v that_o if_o i_o know_v he_o i_o may_v be_v bias_v in_o my_o judgement_n by_o the_o honour_n which_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o have_v to_o his_o family_n and_o especial_o to_o his_o grandfather_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o most_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n wherefore_o i_o read_v the_o book_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o unknown_a writer_n and_o consider_v only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n thus_o i_o find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o well_o translate_v and_o epitomise_v in_o some_o place_n what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a but_o have_v full_o digest_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o my_o design_n in_o a_o well-chosen_a method_n of_o his_o own_o with_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o have_v add_v some_o illustration_n of_o his_o own_o or_o from_o other_o learned_a author_n with_o a_o philosophical_a liberty_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o allow_v for_o this_o reason_n i_o judge_v that_o the_o then_o unknown_a author_n have_v give_v too_o low_a a_o title_n to_o his_o book_n and_o that_o i_o be_v to_o esteem_v he_o a_o good_a hyperaspistes_n or_o able_a second_n in_o this_o combat_n for_o truth_n and_o justice_n rather_o than_o a_o translater_n or_o epitomiser_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v this_o oblige_a i_o to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o author_n name_n and_o quality_n and_o then_o i_o soon_o obtain_v the_o favour_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o more_o intimate_a conversation_n with_o he_o hereby_o i_o soon_o find_v that_o i_o may_v safe_o leave_v the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o good_a cause_n in_o which_o i_o be_v engage_v to_o his_o great_a ability_n and_o diligence_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o since_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o search_n into_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o many_o of_o our_o young_a gentry_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o way_n which_o this_o his_o treatise_n make_v plain_a before_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v receive_v assistance_n not_o only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o its_o obligation_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o first_o mean_n of_o discover_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n show_v you_o those_o several_a method_n by_o which_o divers_a author_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o have_v also_o give_v my_o reason_n though_o in_o short_a why_o i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o any_o of_o they_o as_o lay_v too_o weak_a foundation_n whereon_o to_o raise_v so_o great_a and_o weighty_a a_o building_n and_o have_v likewise_o give_v you_o the_o only_a true_a ground_n by_o which_o it_o can_v as_o i_o suppose_v be_v make_v out_o viz._n from_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n declare_v his_o will_n to_o we_o from_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n or_o that_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n we_o by_o the_o power_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n or_o reason_n draw_v true_a conclusion_n from_o all_o these_o this_o be_v premise_v i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v particular_o to_o declare_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o i_o understand_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v real_o and_o true_o a_o law_n oblige_v all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o sound_a mind_n to_o its_o observation_n which_o be_v perform_v i_o shall_v then_o proceed_v to_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o include_v in_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n §_o 2._o but_o though_o the_o ancient_a as_o well_o as_o modern_a sceptic_n and_o epicurean_o have_v of_o old_a and_o do_v still_o at_o this_o day_n deny_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o we_o be_v both_o sufficient_o agree_v what_o we_o understand_v by_o this_o term_n since_o we_o both_o thereby_o mean_v certain_a principle_n of_o immutable_a truth_n and_o certainty_n which_o direct_v our_o voluntary_a action_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o good_a and_o the_o avoid_n of_o evil_a thing_n and_o so_o lie_v a_o obligation_n as_o to_o our_o external_a action_n even_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o common-weal_n that_o such_o eternal_a truth_n be_v necessary_o and_o unavoidable_o present_v to_o and_o perceive_v by_o man_n mind_n and_o retain_v in_o their_o memory_n for_o the_o due_a order_n or_o govern_v of_o their_o action_n be_v what_o be_v here_o by_o we_o affirm_v and_o by_o they_o as_o confident_o deny_v and_o i_o far_o conceive_v that_o the_o action_n so_o direct_v and_o choose_v be_v first_o know_v to_o be_v natural_o good_a as_o productive_a of_o the_o great_a public_a benefit_n and_o afterward_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a because_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n which_o be_v here_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o rule_n of_o our_o manner_n or_o voluntary_a action_n so_o also_o the_o evil_a to_o be_v avoid_v be_v first_o the_o great_a natural_a evil_a which_o afterward_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n be_v call_v moral_a §_o 3._o therefore_o that_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o proposition_n may_v more_o plain_o appear_v and_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o all_o indifferent_a reader_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o first_o careful_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o divers_a thing_n without_o we_o as_o also_o that_o of_o mankind_n and_o what_o we_o mean_v by_o good_a and_o evil_a whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a last_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o those_o general_a proposition_n be_v which_o we_o affirm_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o force_n or_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n as_o declare_v their_o exercise_n or_o performance_n necessary_a to_o the_o compass_v of_o a_o end_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v endeavour_v or_o seek_v after_o in_o order_n to_o our_o true_a and_o great_a happiness_n §_o 4._o nor_o let_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o suppose_v the_o nature_n of_o divers_a thing_n about_o which_o we_o be_v daily_o conversant_a ought_v first_o to_o be_v look_v into_o and_o consider_v for_o i_o will_v here_o suppose_v the_o soul_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v at_o first_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la like_o fair_a paper_n that_o have_v no_o connate_a character_n or_o idea_n imprint_v upon_o it_o as_o that_o noble_a theorist_n mr._n 11._o lock_n have_v i_o suppose_v full_o prove_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o any_o thing_n at_o its_o come_n into_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v own_o existence_n and_o action_n but_o receive_v all_o its_o idea_n afterward_o from_o such_o object_n as_o it_o have_v 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case_n propose_v unless_o first_o all_o those_o effect_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o it_o in_o all_o its_o various_a circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v and_o compare_v together_o so_o that_o the_o contemplation_n both_o of_o the_o cause_n on_o which_o man_n safety_n and_o happiness_n depend_v as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o their_o joint_n or_o concur_v force_n and_o endeavour_n must_v necessary_o lead_v our_o mind_n first_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o next_o of_o ourselves_o as_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o mankind_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o contemplate_v this_o system_fw-la of_o thing_n call_v the_o visible_a world_n but_o more_o especial_o god_n as_o its_o creator_n and_o governor_n according_a to_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v due_o consider_v and_o digest_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o certain_a conclusion_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v or_o determine_v what_o humane_a thing_n and_o action_n be_v certain_o and_o necessary_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v felicity_n or_o wellbeing_a be_v contain_v as_o a_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o which_o rational_a dictate_v or_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o consist_v §_o 5._o no_o body_n i_o suppose_v will_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v physical_a disquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o business_n of_o profess_a naturalist_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o show_v that_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o certain_a natural_a and_o 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common_a good_a by_o this_o benevolence_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v note_v that_o by_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o a_o fruitless_a desire_n or_o wellwishing_a but_o a_o active_a affection_n exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o piety_n towards_o god_n duty_n towards_o parent_n kindness_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o our_o country_n friends_z and_o relation_n and_o of_o charity_n and_o humanity_n towards_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o often_o as_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o §_o 6._o in_o the_o make_n out_o of_o which_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v here_o needless_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n since_o the_o former_a have_v be_v so_o learned_o perform_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n ward_n late_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o latter_a so_o exact_o do_v already_o in_o english_a by_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n i_o shall_v only_o brief_o suppose_v upon_o his_o principle_n that_o our_o soul_n do_v 1._o from_o the_o very_a birth_n by_o degree_n receive_v idea_n draw_v from_o outward_a object_n by_o our_o sense_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v their_o faculty_n from_o divers_a single_a notion_n or_o idea_n put_v together_o to_o come_v to_o make_v complex_fw-la one_o that_o be_v to_o make_v divers_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n not_o only_o concern_v their_o own_o inward_a act_n but_o also_o about_o all_o those_o outward_a object_n with_o which_o they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a and_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n of_o attain_v to_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o acquire_v these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o far_a description_n of_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n since_o every_o person_n can_v but_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o its_o nature_n degree_n and_o various_a operation_n that_o will_v but_o make_v any_o selfreflection_n upon_o his_o own_o inward_a affection_n §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o the_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n in_o which_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_a enough_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o affirm_v that_o our_o endeavour_n of_o procure_v all_o the_o good_a thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o best_a or_o chief_a thing_n that_o all_o person_n can_v do_v to_o render_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o happy_a as_o their_o nature_n will_v permit_v or_o can_v require_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a or_o more_o powerful_a mean_n to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o to_o come_v than_o by_o endeavour_v our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o advance_v the_o reader_n may_v collect_v these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a happiness_n consist_v in_o a_o habitual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o its_o ability_n and_o perfection_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n 2._o that_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o each_o individual_a person_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o rational_n since_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o differ_v from_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v this_o general_a or_o diffusive_a benevolence_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n not_o to_o mean_v or_o only_o intend_v what_o any_o single_a or_o a_o few_o person_n may_v perform_v towards_o the_o procure_n of_o their_o own_o private_a happiness_n or_o that_o of_o their_o own_o party_n or_o faction_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o what_o all_o particular_a person_n may_v joint_o contribute_v to_o render_v themselves_o and_o other_o happy_a that_o be_v what_o each_o of_o they_o may_v rational_o perform_v towards_o the_o obtain_n this_o common_a felicity_n for_o it_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v in_o general_a what_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v towards_o any_o common_a end_n such_o as_o be_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o rational_n and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o particular_a person_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n to_o perform_v for_o example_n towards_o his_o own_o private_a happiness_n as_o separate_v from_o
the_o like_a goodwill_n from_o they_o than_o by_o do_v they_o the_o same_o good_a office_n as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n which_o we_o desire_v they_o shall_v do_v for_o we_o and_o that_o this_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n man_n be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o life_n viz._n peace_n and_o concord_n not_o only_o among_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o between_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o nation_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n consist_v so_o that_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o peace_n love_n or_o mutual_a benevolence_n and_o which_o indeed_o will_v require_v no_o other_o reward_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o itself_o be_v man_n a_o creature_n always_o govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o true_a good_a reward_v and_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v for_o man_n as_o too_o often_o govern_v by_o their_o passion_n and_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n yet_o since_o it_o please_v god_n to_o create_v man_n a_o mix_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n and_o be_v too_o often_o draw_v aside_o by_o passion_n not_o direct_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o reward_n to_o keep_v he_o to_o his_o duty_n thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o his_o deal_n with_o man_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o give_v he_o certain_a natural_a law_n or_o rule_n whereby_o to_o govern_v his_o action_n with_o certain_a penalty_n and_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o law_n may_v be_v very_o well_o contract_v into_o one_o single_a proposition_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o by_o the_o observation_n already_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o god_n will_n or_o command_n that_o all_o reasonable_a person_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o consist_v their_o own_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o in_o its_o neglect_n or_o violation_n their_o great_a misery_n §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o this_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o come_v from_o its_o first_o cause_n god_n i_o shall_v now_o explain_v the_o term_n therein_o contain_v to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o exception_n 1_o by_o will_n and_o command_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o command_n by_o word_n that_o be_v the_o method_n of_o god_n reveal_v and_o not_o natural_a will_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v here_o only_o understand_v that_o will_n or_o command_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o divine_a nature_n our_o own_o and_o that_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n consist_v not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o idea_n that_o be_v true_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n or_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o subject_n without_o some_o set_a form_n of_o speech_n may_v appear_v by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a who_o we_o often_o find_v to_o have_v notion_n of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o be_v not_o convey_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o write_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o any_o other_o sit_v mean_n or_o sign_n especial_o when_o as_o in_o this_o law_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o there_o be_v such_o certain_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o their_o observation_n or_o transgression_n as_o may_v make_v it_o their_o interest_n rather_o to_o observe_v than_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o man_n but_o brute_n since_o we_o see_v that_o by_o certain_a sign_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fit_a reward_n and_o correction_n elephant_n horse_n dog_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v susceptible_a of_o humane_a command_n and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o nature_n permit_v be_v governable_a by_o law_n of_o our_o prescribe_v for_o we_o can_v show_v they_o by_o such_o sign_n what_o action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o and_o certain_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v we_o less_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o his_o will_n in_o reference_n to_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o from_o that_o knowledge_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o his_o existence_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o i_o shall_v far_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n by_o rational_a person_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o though_o of_o never_o so_o mean_a a_o capacity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o easy_a and_o natural_a observation_n and_o conclusion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o child_n under_o the_o year_n of_o discretion_n idiot_n and_o mad-folk_n be_v still_o to_o be_v except_v from_o this_o law_n who_o not_o have_v the_o actual_a use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v not_o able_a to_o draw_v those_o observation_n and_o consequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o by_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v all_o such_o voluntary_a action_n which_o person_n of_o sound_a mind_n can_v know_o and_o deliberate_o perform_v towards_o the_o good_a of_o other_o without_o destroy_v or_o hurt_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n which_o endeavour_n though_o by_o many_o unforeseen_a accident_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v often_o frustrate_v and_o so_o fail_v of_o their_o intend_a design_n yet_o when_o we_o have_v do_v the_o utmost_a we_o be_v able_a we_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v our_o duty_n since_o no_o law_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o perform_v by_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o understand_v the_o collective_a happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o that_o of_o all_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o mankind_n exist_v together_o with_o we_o as_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a good_a and_o happiness_n be_v include_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o endeavour_v the_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o voluntary_a agent_n unless_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o to_o do_v have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o preserve_v and_o make_v himself_o happy_a joint_o with_o other_o in_o his_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n by_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o good_n whether_o of_o body_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o man_n may_v be_v render_v true_o happy_a and_o content_v in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v but_o in_o which_o whenever_o the_o former_a stand_n in_o competition_n with_o the_o latter_a the_o good_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o be_v the_o good_a of_o our_o better_a or_o eternal_a part_n before_o that_o of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v less_o valuable_a and_o temporal_a but_o i_o need_v add_v nothing_o here_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n we_o may_v be_v say_v to_o procure_v or_o endeavour_v his_o good_a and_o happiness_n since_o i_o have_v speak_v so_o large_o of_o that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n and_o as_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o concern_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n six_o principle_n that_o by_o nature_n nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v it_o here_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v that_o this_o proposition_n contain_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v true_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o we_o by_o what_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v of_o his_o divine_a nature_n or_o can_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o that_o all_o the_o moral_a duty_n we_o owe_v either_o to_o god_n ourselves_o or_o other_o be_v contain_v in_o or_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o proposition_n §_o 3._o 1._o that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n will_n and_o intend_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o service_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a person_n
within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o
but_o will_v also_o with_o great_a ease_n and_o certainty_n have_v teach_v he_o his_o duty_n towards_o himself_o and_o other_o without_o put_v he_o to_o the_o trouble_n and_o pain_n of_o discover_v his_o existence_n and_o all_o those_o moral_a duty_n that_o depend_v upon_o it_o by_o so_o tedious_a a_o method_n as_o i_o have_v here_o propose_v which_o every_o man_n have_v not_o time_n to_o inquire_v into_o nor_o perhaps_o faculty_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o rational_a conclusion_n or_o deduction_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o that_o god_n who_o do_v all_o thing_n by_o the_o best_a and_o easy_a mean_n have_v impress_v all_o the_o notion_n or_o idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a upon_o man_n soul_n §_o 2._o to_o which_o objection_n i_o need_v return_v no_o other_o answer_n than_o what_o be_v already_o make_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n so_o often_o cite_v by_o i_o i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v it_o to_o you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n book_n i._n chap._n 4._o §_o 12._o this_o argument_n if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o force_n will_v prove_v much_o more_o than_o those_o who_o use_v it_o in_o this_o case_n expect_v from_o it_o for_o if_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o god_n have_v do_v for_o man_n all_o that_o man_n shall_v judge_v be_v best_a for_o they_o because_o it_o be_v suitable_a for_o his_o goodness_n so_o to_o do_v it_o will_v prove_v not_o only_o that_o god_n have_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n a_o idea_n of_o himself_o but_o that_o he_o have_v plain_o stamp_v there_o in_o fair_a character_n all_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o know_v or_o believe_v of_o he_o and_o all_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o will_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v they_o a_o will_n and_o affection_n conformable_a to_o it_o this_o no_o doubt_n every_o one_o will_v think_v be_v better_a for_o man_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v in_o the_o dark_a grope_v after_o knowledge_n as_o st._n paul_n tell_v we_o all_o nation_n do_v after_o god_n act_n viii_o 27_o or_o than_o that_o their_o will_n shall_v clash_v with_o their_o understand_n and_o their_o appetite_n cross_v their_o duty_n the_o romanist_n say_v it_o be_v best_o for_o man_n and_o so_o suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o infallible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n on_o earth_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v one_o and_o i_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n say_v it_o be_v better_a for_o man_n that_o every_o man_n himself_o shall_v be_v infallible_a i_o leave_v they_o to_o consider_v whether_o by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n they_o shall_v think_v that_o every_o man_n be_v so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o very_a good_a argument_n to_o say_v the_o infinite_o wise_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v best_o but_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o little_a too_o much_o confidence_n of_o our_o wisdom_n to_o say_v i_o think_v it_o best_o and_o therefore_o god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o in_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v from_o such_o a_o topick_n that_o god_n have_v do_v so_o when_o certain_a experience_n show_v we_o that_o he_o have_v not_o but_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n have_v not_o be_v want_v to_o man_n without_o such_o original_a impression_n of_o knowledge_n or_o idea_n stamp_v on_o the_o mind_n since_o he_o have_v furnish_v man_n with_o those_o faculty_n which_o will_v serve_v for_o the_o sufficient_a discovery_n of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o the_o end_n of_o such_o a_o be_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v that_o a_o man_n by_o the_o right_a use_n of_o his_o natual_a ability_n may_v without_o any_o innate_a principle_n attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o concern_v he_o god_n have_v endue_v man_n with_o those_o faculty_n of_o knowledge_n which_o he_o have_v be_v no_o more_o oblige_v by_o his_o goodness_n to_o implant_v these_o innate_a notion_n in_o his_o mind_n than_o that_o have_v give_v he_o reason_n hand_n and_o material_n he_o shall_v also_o build_v he_o bridge_n or_o house_n which_o some_o people_n in_o the_o world_n however_o of_o good_a natural_a part_n do_v either_o total_o want_n or_o be_v but_o ill_o provide_v of_o as_o well_o as_o other_o be_v perhaps_o whole_o without_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o principle_n of_o morality_n or_o at_o least_o have_v but_o very_o ill_a one_o the_o reason_n in_o both_o case_n be_v this_o that_o they_o never_o employ_v their_o part_n faculty_n and_o power_n industrious_o that_o way_n but_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o opinion_n fashion_n and_o thing_n of_o their_o country_n as_o they_o find_v they_o without_o look_v any_o far_o so_o far_o this_o learned_a author_n §_o 3._o and_o as_o for_o what_o be_v far_o urge_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o come_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n by_o the_o method_n we_o propose_v if_o this_o be_v not_o plain_o to_o be_v read_v from_o the_o great_a book_n of_o the_o world_n st._n paul_n have_v in_o vain_a accuse_v the_o general_a corruption_n of_o the_o gentile_n and_o their_o loss_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o one_a of_o the_o roman_n v_o 19_o 20._o because_o that_o which_o may_v be_v know_v of_o god_n be_v manifest_a in_o they_o for_o god_n have_v show_v it_o unto_o they_o for_o the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o he_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v clear_o see_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v even_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n so_o that_o they_o be_v without_o exaus_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o apostle_n here_o appeal_v to_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o mankind_n guide_v by_o thing_n without_o we_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o delty_n that_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o all_o excuse_n for_o this_o their_o wilful_a ignorance_n and_o neglect_n §_o 4._o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n concern_v the_o difficulty_n and_o laboriousness_n of_o the_o method_n we_o have_v here_o propose_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o weakness_n of_o man_n faculty_n for_o the_o make_v such_o rational_a conclusion_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o think_v that_o will_v signify_v much_o less_o than_o the_o former_a if_o those_o that_o make_v this_o objection_n will_v please_v to_o consider_v how_o obvious_a such_o conclusion_n be_v and_o how_o easy_o make_v out_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o discourse_n where_o i_o particular_o treat_v of_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o man_n mind_n in_o make_v observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o reduce_v they_o into_o certain_a practical_a proposition_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o future_a happiness_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o those_o who_o be_v not_o of_o natural_a part_n sufficient_a to_o discover_v the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o providence_n as_o also_o to_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o depend_v upon_o that_o knowledge_n if_o they_o do_v but_o due_o apply_v their_o mind_n to_o think_v upon_o their_o own_o original_a and_o that_o of_o the_o world_n by_o true_a principle_n of_o reason_n must_v be_v either_o fool_n or_o madman_n and_o so_o not_o capable_a subject_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o not_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o rational_a creature_n or_o else_o which_o be_v worse_o be_v downright_a atheist_n who_o to_o indulge_v their_o own_o unreasonable_a lust_n and_o passion_n do_v absolute_o deny_v all_o those_o clear_a demonstration_n from_o natural_a thing_n which_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o of_o their_o duty_n towards_o it_o §_o 5._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o man_n do_v not_o ordinary_o reduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o one_o single_a proposition_n of_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o may_v not_o have_v a_o explicit_a notion_n of_o it_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o they_o may_v for_o all_o that_o real_o pursue_v it_o though_o they_o may_v not_o have_v so_o large_a and_o perfect_a a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o duty_n as_o they_o will_v have_v if_o they_o be_v sensible_a of_o this_o idea_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v but_o thorough_o convince_v that_o he_o be_v not_o make_v for_o himself_o alone_o but_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o mind_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o
to_o reckon_v beyond_o their_o ten_o finger_n now_o set_v aside_o innate_a idea_n and_o consent_v of_o nation_n as_o proof_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o other_o mean_n do_v there_o remain_v but_o the_o uncertain_a tradition_n of_o a_o god_n and_o these_o moral_a law_n from_o their_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n or_o else_o to_o discover_v they_o by_o reason_n and_o take_v observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o the_o former_a of_o these_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v now_o quite_o lose_v so_o that_o no_o footstep_n of_o it_o now_o remain_v among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a these_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v whole_o take_v up_o through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n either_o in_o procure_v for_o themselves_o the_o common_a necessary_n for_o life_n or_o else_o in_o brutish_a and_o sensual_a lust_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o give_v themselves_o no_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o think_v of_o these_o thing_n nor_o yet_o employ_v their_o thought_n in_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o be_v or_o for_o what_o end_n they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a sensible_a of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o what_o worship_n or_o duty_n he_o require_v of_o they_o nor_o can_v i_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o ignorance_n than_o what_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v who_o thus_o conclude_v his_o paragraph_n against_o the_o necessity_n of_o innate_a principle_n already_o cite_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n have_v you_o or_o i_o be_v bear_v say_v he_o at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n possible_o our_o thought_n and_o notion_n have_v not_o exceed_v these_o brutish_a one_o of_o the_o hoteutot_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o have_v the_o virginian_a king_n apochancana_n be_v educate_v in_o england_n he_o have_v perhaps_o be_v as_o know_v a_o divine_a and_o as_o good_a a_o mathematician_n as_o any_o in_o it_o the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o a_o more_o improve_v englishman_n lie_v bare_o in_o this_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o faculty_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o way_n modes_n and_o notion_n of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o be_v never_o direct_v to_o any_o other_o or_o far_a inquiry_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o any_o idea_n of_o a_o god_n as_o we_o have_v it_o be_v only_o because_o he_o pursue_v not_o those_o thought_n that_o will_v certain_o have_v lead_v he_o to_o it_o §_o 12._o which_o account_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o to_o take_v off_o this_o difficulty_n yet_o i_o shall_v far_o add_v that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o natural_a reason_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v exert_v and_o make_v use_v of_o according_a to_o a_o right_a method_n and_o be_v like_o the_o talon_n in_o the_o gospel_n either_o to_o be_v infinite_o increase_v or_o else_o may_v be_v bury_v without_o ever_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o it_o ought_v so_o that_o man_n not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o reason_n and_o those_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o god_n be_v not_o have_v give_v man_n sufficient_a mean_n and_o faculty_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n than_o if_o a_o man_n who_o by_o perpetual_a sit_v still_o shall_v have_v lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o leg_n have_v reason_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o god_n for_o not_o give_v he_o sufficient_a mean_n of_o go_v and_o help_v himself_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o most_o man_n power_n whether_o they_o will_v by_o a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o reason_n raise_v themselves_o to_o the_o high_a perfection_n and_o happiness_n that_o they_o human_a nature_n be_v capable_a of_o or_o else_o by_o employ_v their_o mind_n about_o mere_a sensual_a object_n and_o carnal_a enjoyment_n debase_v themselves_o into_o the_o state_n of_o brute_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reason_v about_o common_a and_o outward_a thing_n that_o constitute_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o since_o they_o reason_v right_a about_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o their_o sense_n but_o that_o it_o rather_o consist_v in_o the_o more_o excellent_a faculty_n of_o frame_v universal_a idea_n and_o by_o a_o due_a enquiry_n into_o the_o cause_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n of_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o will_n either_o natural_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o or_o else_o supernatural_o reveal_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o indeed_o i_o think_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o horse_n to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a creature_n than_o a_o man_n who_o have_v never_o have_v or_o else_o have_v total_o extinguish_v the_o belief_n of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o for_o the_o one_o life_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n god_n have_v give_v it_o but_o a_o man_n who_o want_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o by_o neglect_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n and_o by_o give_v himself_o whole_o up_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n debase_v his_o nature_n and_o so_o become_v by_o his_o own_o fault_n like_o a_o brute_n §_o 13._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o mr._n hobs_n disciple_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n or_o term_n of_o art_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n to_o support_v it_o of_o which_o opinion_n mr._n hobbs_n seem_v to_o be_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o leviath_n book_n i._n chap._n 4._o that_o of_o name_n some_o be_v proper_a and_o singular_a to_o over_o only_a thing_n as_o peter_n john_n this_o man_n this_o tree_n and_o some_o be_v common_a to_o many_o thing_n as_o man_n horse_n tree_n every_o of_o which_o though_o but_o one_o name_n be_v nevertheless_o the_o name_n of_o divers_a particular_a thing_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o which_o together_o it_o be_v call_v a_o universal_a there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n universal_a but_o name_n for_o the_o thing_n name_v be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o individual_a and_o singular_a so_o that_o on_o these_o principle_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o common_a good_a out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o it_o arise_v mere_o from_o compact_n every_o man_n be_v natural_o determine_v to_o seek_v his_o own_o particular_a preservation_n and_o satisfaction_n without_o the_o least_o consideration_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o §_o 14._o in_o answer_n to_o which_o objection_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o in_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o explication_n of_o it_o we_o have_v any_o where_o suppose_v that_o in_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a a_o man_n either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o neglect_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o true_a happiness_n there_o may_v have_v be_v some_o reason_n for_o this_o objection_n but_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o true_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v include_v in_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o depend_v inseparable_o upon_o it_o though_o i_o grant_v every_o man_n be_v own_o happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v a_o main_a motive_n of_o his_o act_n to_o this_o end_n and_o also_o consist_v in_o a_o right_a endeavour_n of_o it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o this_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n fall_v of_o itself_o unless_o they_o will_v affirm_v that_o a_o man_n self-preservation_n and_o happiness_n only_o consist_v in_o the_o present_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o own_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n let_v what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n which_o how_o false_a and_o unreasonable_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v any_o rational_a man_n may_v judge_v two_o we_o have_v also_o sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o there_o be_v a_o unalterable_a common_a good_a and_o evil_a establish_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a man_n but_o for_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n conceive_v under_o the_o collective_a idea_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonwealth_n since_o by_o compare_v our_o own_o particular_a nature_n
by_o the_o due_a observation_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n or_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a according_a to_o the_o order_n we_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n all_o which_o be_v but_o our_o endeavour_v to_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n it_o be_v true_a mr._n h._n in_o his_o leu._n chap._n 13._o contract_n all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o short_a and_o easy_a rule_n which_o he_o say_v be_v intelligible_a even_o by_o the_o mean_a capacity_n viz._n do_v not_o that_o to_o another_o thou_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o thyself_o which_o rule_n though_o very_o true_a and_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n which_o be_v give_v by_o our_o bless_a saviour_n himself_o yet_o without_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n will_v too_o often_o fail_v for_o if_o this_o rule_n be_v strict_o and_o literal_o to_o be_v understand_v no_o prince_n judge_n or_o other_o magistrate_n can_v condemn_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n for_o in_o so_o do_v he_o do_v that_o to_o another_o which_o he_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o himself_o in_o the_o like_a state_n since_o he_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o criminal_a he_o condemn_v will_v then_o desire_v to_o be_v pardon_v if_o he_o can_v but_o indeed_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o judge_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n of_o justice_n be_v excuse_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o their_o public_a capacity_n be_v because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o act_v as_o private_a person_n but_o as_o public_a representative_n or_o trustee_n with_o who_o the_o common_a good_a and_o peace_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v entrust_v which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n §_o 16._o there_o be_v likewise_o other_o who_o reduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o single_a rule_n or_o precept_n preserve_v or_o do_v good_a to_o thyself_o and_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n as_o to_o thyself_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o true_a rule_n as_o contain_v our_o saviour_n epitome_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o second_o table_n love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o express_v the_o reason_n or_o principle_n on_o which_o it_o be_v found_v for_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n but_o as_o they_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o common_a rational_a nature_n with_o ourselves_o and_o that_o our_o do_v they_o good_a do_v conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n of_o which_o that_o person_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o be_v but_o small_a part_n or_o member_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o particular_a obligation_n to_o endeavour_v our_o own_o particular_a good_a but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v part_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 17._o and_o as_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n so_o likewise_o the_o reveal_v law_n give_v from_o god_n by_o moses_n to_o the_o jew_n and_o intend_v in_o due_a time_n to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o all_o mankind_n tend_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o this_o great_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n for_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o first_o table_n of_o the_o decalogue_n which_o prescribe_v our_o duty_n towards_o god_n and_o which_o our_o saviour_n have_v so_o excellent_o well_o contract_v into_o this_o single_a precept_n thou_o shall_v love_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n with_o all_o thy_o heart_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o soul_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o strength_n etc._n etc._n contain_v nothing_o more_o than_o this_o great_a rule_n for_o as_o god_n before_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o create_v the_o world_n and_o whilst_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o creature_n to_o worship_n or_o serve_v he_o be_v not_o then_o less_o happy_a or_o perfect_a so_o neither_o now_o he_o have_v create_v they_o be_v he_o the_o happy_a if_o we_o worship_v he_o or_o the_o more_o unhappy_a if_o we_o omit_v it_o for_o man_n be_v create_v as_o a_o object_n for_o the_o divine_a goodness_n to_o exert_v itself_o upon_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o first_o table_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o second_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n intend_v for_o man_n good_a and_o happiness_n as_o well_o as_o god_n honour_n and_o service_n so_o that_o even_o that_o great_a commandment_n of_o keep_v holy_a the_o seven_o day_n which_o most_o chief_o respect_v god_n own_o glory_n and_o service_n do_v also_o promote_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n not_o only_o of_o the_o jew_n god_n particular_a subject_n but_o also_o of_o all_o mankind_n whensoever_o this_o law_n shall_v be_v discover_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o it_o command_v the_o dedicate_a of_o that_o day_n to_o the_o worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o be_v observe_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n yet_o even_o in_o this_o he_o do_v not_o design_n his_o own_o glory_n and_o honour_n alone_o nay_o according_a to_o saint_n austin_n our_o good_a only_a but_o also_o our_o good_a and_o happiness_n 5._o which_o be_v then_o most_o perfect_a and_o complete_a when_o we_o bestow_v our_o time_n in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o his_o infinite_a perfection_n and_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o in_o render_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o unspeakable_a benefit_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o have_v make_v and_o ordain_v we_o for_o his_o service_n yet_o he_o have_v so_o constitute_v our_o nature_n as_o to_o make_v our_o high_a happiness_n inseparable_o connect_v with_o all_o the_o particular_a act_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o therefore_o our_o saviour_n reprove_v the_o jew_n when_o they_o find_v fault_n with_o he_o for_o suffer_v his_o disciple_n to_o pluck_v the_o ear_n of_o corn_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n express_o tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o hâ—d_v know_v what_o this_o mean_n 8._o i_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o not_o sacrifice_n they_o will_v not_o have_v condemn_v the_o guiltless_a for_o the_o son_n of_o man_n i._n e._n not_o christ_n alone_o but_o every_o christian_a be_v lord_n even_o of_o the_o sabbath-day_n and_o in_o st._n mark_n 2.27_o that_o the_o sabbath_n be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o not_o man_n for_o the_o sabbath_n thereby_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o sabbath_n itself_o be_v also_o institute_v for_o man_n sake_n and_o that_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o it_o and_o so_o likewise_o our_o saviour_n himself_o by_o choose_v to_o do_v his_o great_a miracle_n of_o heal_v on_o the_o sabbath-day_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o act_n of_o charity_n and_o mercy_n on_o that_o day_n be_v a_o great_a and_o necessary_a part_n of_o god_n service_n §_o 18._o but_o as_o for_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n i_o need_v not_o insist_v upon_o they_o because_o our_o saviour_n himself_o have_v contract_v they_o all_o even_o that_o of_o honour_v our_o parent_n into_o this_o short_a precept_n thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o bid_v we_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n so_o that_o as_o this_o law_n of_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a agent_n contain_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n contain_v in_o the_o ten_o commandment_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n for_o as_o one_o great_a design_n of_o our_o saviour_n come_v into_o the_o world_n be_v by_o his_o most_o excellent_a precept_n and_o example_n to_o exalt_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o a_o high_a perfection_n than_o what_o man_n by_o the_o common_a use_n of_o reason_n can_v general_o attain_v to_o so_o likewise_o be_v it_o one_o of_o the_o main_a design_n of_o his_o come_n to_o restore_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n to_o its_o primitive_a purity_n and_o perfection_n and_o to_o free_v it_o from_o those_o false_a interpretation_n and_o tradition_n with_o which_o the_o pharisee_n have_v corrupt_v it_o for_o whereas_o they_o have_v confine_v the_o observation_n of_o that_o command_n of_o love_v our_o neighbour_n only_o to_o outward_a act_n or_o at_o least_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o those_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n or_o religion_n our_o saviour_n christ_n command_v a_o great_a perfection_n and_o forbid_v even_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thought_n or_o desire_n of_o murder_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o the_o jew_n do_v suppose_v that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o show_v act_n of_o charity_n or_o
god_n have_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n they_o shall_v in_o any_o passion_n or_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a humour_n fancy_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n though_o it_o real_o tend_v to_o their_o destruction_n or_o that_o of_o other_o innocent_a man_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v think_v the_o blood_n of_o his_o dear_a friend_n will_v cure_v he_o of_o some_o distemper_n he_o lie_v under_o he_o may_v lawful_o upon_o this_o principle_n murder_v he_o if_o he_o can_v do_v it_o safe_o and_o then_o god_n shall_v have_v give_v man_n a_o right_a of_o destroy_v themselves_o and_o other_o whenever_o they_o think_v though_o false_o that_o it_o conduce_v to_o their_o preservation_n the_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o unreasonable_a appetite_n or_o humour_n since_o such_o a_o unlimited_a right_n or_o rather_o licence_n can_v be_v so_o far_o from_o conduce_v to_o any_o man_n preservation_n that_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v ever_o have_v go_v about_o to_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n it_o will_v have_v long_o since_o produce_v not_o only_o their_o own_o destruction_n but_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n §_o 3._o and_o if_o mr._n h._n his_o own_o definition_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v true_a art_n seven_o of_o this_o chapter_n that_o it_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o use_v a_o man_n faculty_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n then_o certain_o right_a reason_n can_v never_o judge_v contradictory_n proposition_n to_o be_v true_a as_o that_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o right_n to_o all_o thing_n my_o neighbour_n be_v possess_v of_o and_o his_o life_n into_o the_o bargain_n if_o i_o think_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o my_o self-preservation_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v likewise_o as_o true_a and_o rational_a a_o conclusion_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a right_n against_o i_o since_o the_o word_n right_o be_v never_o use_v by_o any_o writer_n of_o this_o subject_a but_o with_o respect_n to_o some_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o civil_a which_o mr._n h._n acknowledge_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n art_n one_a in_o these_o word_n but_o since_o all_o do_v grant_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o right_a which_o be_v not_o do_v contrary_a to_o right_a reason_n we_o ought_v to_o suppose_v that_o do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o which_o contradict_v some_o truth_n collect_v from_o true_a principle_n by_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v do_v against_o some_o law_n therefore_o right_a reason_n be_v a_o certain_a law_n which_o be_v call_v natural_a since_o it_o be_v not_o less_o a_o part_n of_o humane_a nature_n than_o any_o other_o faculty_n or_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v in_o this_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n de_n cive_z §_o 1._o though_o he_o strive_v to_o avoid_v the_o force_n of_o it_o in_o his_o annotation_n to_o this_o article_n where_o by_o right_a reason_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n he_o tell_v we_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o understand_v as_o many_o do_v any_o infallible_a faculty_n in_o man_n but_o the_o act_n of_o ratiocination_n that_o be_v every_o man_n be_v own_o true_a reason_n concern_v his_o own_o action_n as_o they_o may_v redound_v to_o the_o profit_n or_o hurt_v of_o himself_o or_o other_o man_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o call_v it_o a_o man_n own_o reason_n be_v that_o though_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n the_o reason_n thereof_o that_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o right_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n yet_o out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o no_o man_n can_v distinguish_v right_a reason_n from_o false_a but_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o his_o own_o every_o man_n be_v own_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o own_o action_n but_o also_o in_o his_o own_o affair_n for_o the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o man_n reason_n but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o follow_v i_o can_v tell_v when_o he_o call_v right_a reason_n that_o which_o conclude_v from_o true_a principle_n because_o that_o in_o false_a ratiocination_n or_o in_o the_o folly_n of_o man_n not_o observe_v those_o duty_n towards_o other_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o own_o preservation_n consist_v all_o the_o violation_n of_o natural_a law_n but_o how_o false_a ratiocination_n or_o folly_n shall_v give_v they_o a_o right_n to_o all_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o act_v thus_o towards_o other_o i_o can_v apprehend_v but_o from_o these_o word_n of_o mr._n h._n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o though_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v reason_n to_o be_v any_o infallible_a faculty_n any_o more_o than_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o a_o account_n into_o a_o sum_n total_a though_o false_a to_o be_v right_a arithmetic_n or_o true_a count_a yet_o by_o right_a reason_n when_o it_o be_v not_o erroneous_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o true_a exercise_n of_o that_o faculty_n not_o erroneous_a in_o its_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a act_n of_o ratiocination_n but_o in_o its_o true_a effect_n that_o be_v when_o true_a proposition_n or_o premise_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o the_o memory_n those_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v from_o thence_o which_o when_o they_o be_v practical_a and_o contain_v true_a moral_a rule_n of_o life_n be_v call_v law_n of_o nature_n §_o 4._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n the_o public_a reason_n or_o law_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v always_o take_v for_o right_a for_o than_o if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v enact_v parricide_n ingratitude_n and_o breach_n of_o faith_n to_o be_v exercise_v as_o virtue_n and_o to_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n they_o will_v present_o become_v so_o which_o i_o suppose_v neither_o this_o author_n nor_o any_o rational_a man_n will_v affirm_v nor_o be_v his_o other_o proposition_n any_o true_a that_o out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n no_o man_n can_v distinguish_v right_a reason_n from_o false_a but_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o his_o own_o and_o therefore_o that_o must_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o his_o action_n from_o whence_o he_o deduce_v the_o right_a of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o argument_n i_o shall_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o syllogism_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_a judge_n of_o its_o truth_n it_o be_v lawful_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o every_o one_o to_o possess_v all_o thing_n and_o to_o do_v all_o thing_n towards_o all_o man_n which_o some_o judge_n shall_v judge_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n and_o member_n but_o those_o thing_n that_o every_o man_n himself_o shall_v judge_v to_o be_v necessary_a to_o his_o preservation_n those_o the_o only_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n judge_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o end_n for_o he_o have_v prove_v before_o that_o himself_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n therefore_o to_o have_v and_o do_v all_o thing_n etc._n etc._n be_v necessary_a for_o a_o man_n be_v own_o preservation_n in_o which_o syllogism_n the_o major_n be_v certain_o false_a because_o though_o a_o man_n self_n be_v the_o sole_a judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n yet_o he_o may_v give_v a_o false_a sentence_n and_o suppose_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n which_o real_o be_v not_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n any_o more_o than_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n the_o bare_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n shall_v confer_v a_o true_a and_o equitable_a right_n on_o any_o man_n to_o a_o estate_n if_o the_o judge_n determine_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n a_o man_n be_v own_o judgement_n can_v confer_v no_o right_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o quit_v the_o only_a true_a rule_n of_o his_o judgement_n which_o in_o this_o state_n can_v only_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o mankind_n from_o whence_o only_o they_o be_v draw_v nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o state_n suppose_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n of_o humane_a judgement_n or_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n mind_n shall_v rash_o suppose_v thing_n to_o be_v that_o they_o must_v present_o become_v such_o as_o he_o have_v fancy_v they_o since_o the_o utility_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o humane_a nature_n depend_v not_o upon_o man_n rash_a judgement_n but_o upon_o the_o force_n of_o their_o natural_a cause_n and_o a_o man_n by_o thus_o false_o judge_v that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a
it_o be_v thus_o natural_o determine_v nor_o will_v he_o allow_v any_o difference_n by_o nature_n between_o man_n and_o other_o creature_n neither_o between_o man_n endue_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o have_v not_o yet_o attain_v the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o between_o fool_n and_o madman_n and_o other_o that_o be_v of_o sound_a understanding_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v this_o for_o whatever_o any_o creature_n do_v by_o the_o force_n of_o its_o nature_n it_o do_v it_o by_o the_o high_a right_n viz._n because_o it_o act_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n determine_v neither_o be_v it_o able_a to_o act_v otherwise_o therefore_o among_o man_n whilst_o consider_v as_o live_v under_o the_o mere_a empire_n of_o nature_n as_o well_o he_o that_o do_v not_o yet_o understand_v reason_n or_o have_v not_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n live_v by_o the_o high_a right_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o his_o own_o appetite_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o direct_v his_o life_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n so_o that_o as_o a_o wiseman_n have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o reason_n dictate_v or_o of_o live_v according_a to_o its_o rule_n so_o likewise_o the_o ignorant_a and_o foolish_a have_v a_o like_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o their_o appetite_n desire_v so_o that_o every_o man_n natural_a right_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o right_a reason_n but_o by_o power_n and_o appetite_n for_o all_o man_n be_v not_o natural_o ordain_v to_o operate_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v bear_v ignorant_a of_o all_o thing_n and_o before_o they_o come_v to_o know_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o life_n or_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n slip_v away_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o well_o educate_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o any_o one_o do_v in_o order_n as_o he_o think_v to_o his_o own_o preservation_n or_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o sensual_a appetite_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o this_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a because_o the_o only_a rule_n he_o have_v to_o act_v by_o §_o 9_o have_v give_v you_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v for_o this_o wicked_a as_o well_o as_o foolish_a opinion_n in_o their_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o confute_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o which_o they_o call_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o mr._n h._n define_v to_o be_v a_o state_n of_o perfect_a liberty_n be_v in_o their_o sense_n no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_v how_o proper_o this_o word_n right_o belong_v to_o brute_n infant_n and_o fool_n for_o the_o word_n right_o be_v use_v by_o those_o that_o treat_v of_o ethic_n only_o in_o respect_n of_o reasonable_a man_n as_o capable_a of_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n and_o endue_v with_o freedom_n of_o action_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o law_n for_o to_o call_v that_o necessity_n by_o which_o fish_n devour_v each_o other_o and_o madman_n beat_v their_o keeper_n a_o right_a be_v as_o proper_a to_o talk_v of_o a_o right_n of_o stone_n to_o fall_v downward_o no_o philosopher_n but_o these_o ever_o use_v the_o word_n right_o for_o necessity_n but_o a_o liberty_n leave_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o act_v according_a to_o reason_n 2_o the_o last_o author_n confound_v the_o nature_n of_o beast_n fool_n and_o madman_n who_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o sense_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a with_o that_o of_o rational_a creature_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o great_a end_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o high_a law_n than_o that_o of_o mere_a appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o i_o desire_v these_o gentleman_n to_o show_v we_o that_o such_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o unevitable_o carry_v man_n to_o act_v constant_o according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o man_n have_v then_o no_o power_n leave_v to_o oppose_v resist_v or_o restrain_v they_o and_o though_o we_o grant_v that_o child_n be_v not_o yet_o sensible_a and_o fool_n and_o madman_n be_v never_o perhaps_o capable_a of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n or_o nature_n and_o so_o can_v be_v subject_a to_o they_o nor_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v among_o voluntary_a agent_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o sound_a mind_n and_o so_o can_v plead_v invincible_a ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o out_o of_o their_o own_o wilful_a humour_n or_o unreasonable_a appetite_n neglect_v to_o know_v or_o learn_v or_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n transgress_v it_o shall_v claim_v the_o like_a exemption_n for_o though_o we_o be_v not_o angry_a with_o child_n or_o natural_a fool_n if_o they_o cry_v for_o or_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n they_o see_v and_o pity_v mad_a people_n even_o while_o they_o be_v outrageous_a with_o those_o that_o tend_v they_o yet_o have_v we_o not_o the_o same_o forbearance_n and_o pity_n for_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n and_o mature_a age_n if_o they_o do_v the_o like_a unreasonable_a thing_n and_o govern_v themselves_o by_o no_o other_o law_n but_o their_o own_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n since_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n both_o to_o have_v know_v and_o act_v otherwise_o and_o to_o have_v deliberate_v and_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o better_o for_o they_o to_o forbear_v such_o evil_a act_n than_o to_o do_v they_o §_o 10._o neither_o can_n invincible_a ignorance_n be_v any_o excuse_n as_o to_o they_o for_o though_o perhaps_o they_o may_v not_o have_v brain_n fit_a for_o the_o mathematics_n or_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o their_o true_a principle_n yet_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v learn_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n that_o be_v their_o duty_n towards_o their_o neighbour_n by_o that_o golden_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v by_o and_o their_o duty_n towards_o themselves_o by_o endeavour_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n by_o the_o only_a mean_n tend_v thereunto_o viz._n without_o injure_v other_o and_o do_v their_o duty_n towards_o god_n in_o reverence_v he_o and_o obey_v his_o will_n when_o discover_v to_o they_o also_o in_o endeavour_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o all_o which_o principle_n have_v be_v ever_o so_o natural_a to_o man_n that_o they_o have_v in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v they_o to_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o same_o therefore_o mr._n h._n as_o also_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n last_o mention_v be_v very_o much_o mistake_v so_o direct_o to_o oppose_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o man_n as_o if_o he_o be_v so_o much_o behold_v to_o art_n for_o they_o that_o he_o can_v never_o have_v acquire_v they_o himself_o without_o teach_v which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o because_o most_o man_n learn_v arithmetic_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o beside_o or_o above_o nature_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o attain_v it_o of_o himself_o which_o be_v contrary_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o experience_n since_o both_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n as_o also_o ethic_n must_v have_v be_v natural_a to_o those_o that_o first_o teach_v they_o but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n that_o reason_n and_o experience_n be_v as_o natural_a to_o humane_a nature_n as_o hunt_v be_v to_o dog_n be_v though_o in_o both_o of_o they_o there_o be_v require_v both_o exercise_n and_o experience_n to_o learn_v it_o §_o 11._o nor_o do_v mr._n h_n excuse_n which_o he_o give_v we_o in_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n signify_v any_o thing_n viz._n that_o man_n passion_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o sin_n nor_o the_o action_n which_o proceed_v from_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o see_v no_o power_n which_o can_v prohibit_v they_o for_o neither_o can_v a_o law_n be_v know_v before_o it_o be_v make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v make_v till_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o a_o legislator_n to_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o answer_v that_o mr._n h._n all_o along_o proceed_v upon_o this_o false_a supposition_n that_o god_n be_v not_o a_o legislator_n without_o divine_a revelation_n nor_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v proper_o his_o law_n both_o which_o assertion_n if_o they_o have_v be_v prove_v false_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n it_o will_v certain_o follow_v that_o
the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o be_v true_o law_n and_o the_o action_n prohibit_v by_o they_o be_v sin_n although_o man_n will_v not_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n discover_v this_o legislator_n nor_o will_v consent_v to_o his_o law_n and_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o law_n that_o the_o subject_n lie_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obey_v they_o if_o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v to_o they_o that_o the_o legislator_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o they_o and_o have_v both_o sufficient_o establish_v and_o promulgate_v his_o law_n both_o which_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 12._o but_o indeed_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n have_v do_v very_o cunning_o in_o take_v away_o all_o freedom_n from_o mankind_n and_o to_o suppose_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n since_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o destroy_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o equal_a man_n with_o brute_n but_o by_o pull_v up_o all_o the_o foundation_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n but_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o on_o this_o subject_a to_o show_v the_o folly_n and_o unreasonableness_n of_o this_o opinion_n than_o to_o put_v down_o mr._n h_n word_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o art_n 11._o of_o this_o chapter_n where_o he_o confess_v that_o this_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n be_v absolute_o unprofitable_a for_o mankind_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o right_n be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o right_n at_o all_o for_o although_o any_o man_n may_v say_v of_o every_o thing_n this_o be_v i_o yet_o can_v he_o not_o use_v it_o because_o of_o his_o neighbour_n who_o may_v by_o a_o equal_a right_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v he_o which_o be_v as_o good_a as_o to_o own_o that_o this_o right_n be_v none_o at_o all_o for_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o article_n before-going_a make_v utility_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o right_n but_o here_o be_v a_o right_n without_o any_o utility_n at_o all_o therefore_o these_o word_n right_o and_o unprofitable_a be_v contradictory_n for_o right_o refer_v in_o this_o definition_n to_o some_o use_n or_o profit_n that_o a_o man_n may_v make_v of_o his_o natural_a liberty_n but_o to_o be_v unprofitable_a own_v that_o there_o be_v no_o use_n or_o need_v of_o this_o natural_a liberty_n in_o that_o matter_n principle_n v._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o any_o one_o do_v to_o another_o can_v be_v injurious_a to_o any_o person_n §_o 1._o because_o say_v he_o injustice_n towards_o man_n suppose_v humane_a law_n none_o of_o which_o be_v yet_o in_o be_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 1._o annot._fw-la ad_fw-la §_o 10._o which_o he_o thus_o likewise_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 13._o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n no_o injustice_n force_n and_o fraud_n be_v in_o war_n the_o two_o cardinal_n virtue_n justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v none_o of_o the_o faculty_n either_o of_o the_o body_n or_o mind_n if_o they_o be_v they_o may_v be_v in_o a_o man_n that_o be_v alone_o in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o as_o his_o sense_n and_o passion_n they_o be_v all_o quality_n that_o relate_v to_o man_n in_o society_n not_o in_o solitude_n it_o be_v consequent_a also_o to_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o there_o be_v no_o propriety_n no_o dominion_n no_o mine_n and_o thy_o distinct_a but_o only_o that_o to_o be_v every_o man_n be_v that_o he_o can_v get_v and_o for_o so_o long_o as_o he_o can_v keep_v it_o all_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o epicurus_n long_o ago_o assert_v as_o diogenes_n laertius_n have_v tell_v we_o in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o his_o life_n and_o opinion_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o between_o those_o animal_n which_o can_v be_v join_v by_o any_o compact_a or_o bargain_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v each_o other_o there_o be_v no_o right_n or_o injury_n so_o it_o be_v likewise_o among_o nation_n which_o either_o will_v not_o or_o can_v enter_v into_o compact_n that_o they_o do_v neither_o hurt_n nor_o be_v hurt_v for_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o in_o itself_o although_o in_o some_o place_n such_o a_o bargain_n be_v make_v by_o mutual_a compact_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v each_o other_o so_o that_o injury_n be_v no_o evil_a in_o itself_o but_o only_o consist_v in_o a_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n lest_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v conceal_v from_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v revenger_n of_o such_o injury_n §_o 2._o in_o answer_n to_o all_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n as_o well_o as_o of_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o disciple_n be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o just_a or_o solid_a ground_n for_o by_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n consider_v as_o they_o be_v the_o natural_a law_n of_o god_n a_o perfect_a right_n be_v give_v to_o every_o man_n to_o his_o life_n and_o all_o those_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o without_o which_o he_o can_v subsist_v for_o whatever_o a_o man_n enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o every_o invasion_n or_o violation_n of_o another_o right_n or_o property_n be_v injury_n by_o whatever_o law_n he_o enjoy_v it_o and_o much_o more_o if_o that_o right_o be_v confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n give_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n than_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o mere_a humane_a compact_n and_o though_o mr._n h._n here_o assert_n that_o no_o injury_n can_v be_v do_v to_o any_o man_n with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v no_o compact_n yet_o chap._n 2._o art_n 1._o of_o his_o de_n cive_z he_o say_v that_o since_o all_o man_n will_v grant_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o right_a which_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o right_a reason_n we_o ought_v to_o believe_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n that_o be_v which_o contradict_v any_o truth_n collect_v by_o right_a reason_n from_o true_a principle_n but_o what_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n we_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o some_o law_n so_o that_o here_o he_o grant_v that_o a_o injury_n may_v be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o any_o compact_a or_o translation_n of_o our_o right_n to_o another_o and_o since_o he_o there_o acknowledge_v those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n to_o be_v law_n i_o will_v fain_o see_v how_o those_o can_v give_v any_o man_n such_o a_o right_a to_o invade_v or_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o another_o for_o right_o as_o he_o himself_o well_o define_v it_o be_v a_o liberty_n grant_v by_o right_a reason_n require_v that_o man_n who_o pretend_v to_o act_v or_o speak_v according_a to_o its_o dictate_v can_v act_v contradictory_o to_o its_o other_o principle_n or_o conclusion_n and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o god_n alone_o when_o his_o law_n be_v break_v unless_o he_o can_v show_v that_o those_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o confer_v a_o right_n on_o man_n to_o their_o life_n and_o all_o the_o necessary_n thereof_o and_o do_v not_o likewise_o prohibit_v other_o from_o violate_v this_o right_a so_o grant_v §_o 3._o but_o yet_o this_o author_n when_o he_o be_v press_v hard_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o may_v be_v injury_n do_v to_o another_o out_o of_o civil_a government_n for_o it_o be_v object_v whether_o if_o a_o son_n shall_v kill_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n he_o shall_v not_o do_v he_o a_o injury_n he_o answer_v that_o a_o son_n can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o a_o natural_a state_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o parent_n he_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o be_v bear_v under_o their_o power_n and_o command_v to_o who_o he_o owe_v his_o be_v and_o preservation_n yet_o sure_a a_o man_n parent_n by_o beget_v and_o breed_v he_o up_o do_v not_o thereby_o acquire_v a_o property_n or_o dominion_n over_o he_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v though_o i_o grant_v child_n when_o they_o either_o marry_v or_o otherwise_o become_v lawful_o discharge_v from_o the_o government_n of_o their_o parent_n still_o owe_v a_o filial_a piety_n and_o gratitude_n to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a impiety_n and_o injury_n in_o child_n towards_o they_o to_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v they_o though_o they_o be_v no_o long_o under_o their_o power_n and_o command_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prescribe_v gratitude_n to_o these_o our_o natural_a benefactor_n do_v make_v it_o injurious_a
mean_v by_o a_o natural_a good_a and_o evil_a i_o shall_v now_o give_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v those_o voluntary_a action_n and_o habit_n which_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n consider_v as_o give_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n for_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o humane_a or_o voluntary_a action_n for_o there_o be_v many_o natural_a good_n that_o conduce_v to_o a_o man_n happiness_n which_o be_v not_o moral_o good_a nor_o be_v command_v by_o any_o law_n such_o as_o be_v quickness_n of_o wit_n learning_n strength_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o suppose_v that_o no_o action_n of_o the_o will_n can_v be_v command_v by_o god_n and_o so_o moral_o good_a which_o do_v not_o by_o be_v own_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n the_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o which_o distinction_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o another_o great_a error_n in_o mr._n h._n when_o he_o make_v that_o which_o seem_v good_a to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o self_n to_o be_v the_o only_a object_n of_o his_o desire_n as_o he_o do_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 1._o art_n 2._o which_o he_o likewise_o more_o full_o express_v in_o cap._n 3._o artic._n 21._o every_o one_o be_v presume_v to_o seek_v that_o which_o be_v good_a for_o himself_o but_o that_o which_o be_v just_o only_o by_o accident_n and_o for_o peace_n sake_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v just_a he_o will_v only_o have_v to_o regard_v another_o good_a which_o he_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v seek_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o fear_n of_o those_o evil_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o state_n of_o war_n but_o all_o he_o say_v only_o tend_v to_o prove_v that_o man_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o their_o nature_n and_o so_o absolute_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o mind_n or_o desire_v any_o thing_n unless_o for_o their_o own_o particular_a worldly_a profit_n and_o glory_n as_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o those_o principle_n we_o have_v already_o consider_v §_o 8._o but_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n that_o mr._n h._n himself_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la publish_v after_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 12._o §_o 1._o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o approve_v of_o this_o ill_a humour_n in_o man_n by_o these_o word_n we_o confess_v that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o through_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o his_o free_a will_n that_o a_o man_n of_o a_o narrow_a soul_n may_v consider_v nothing_o but_o himself_o and_o so_o may_v desire_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o judge_n for_o his_o own_o private_a advantage_n and_o in_o the_o same_o treatise_n cap._n 11._o §_o 14._o where_o he_o do_v purposely_o consider_v which_o be_v the_o great_a or_o lesser_a among_o good_n he_o plain_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a good_a which_o benefit_n more_o person_n than_o that_o which_o do_v good_a to_o few_o §_o 9_o but_o give_v he_o leave_n to_o contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o he_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o rational_a and_o good_a man_n be_v of_o a_o more_o generous_a spirit_n who_o do_v not_o only_o esteem_v that_o to_o be_v good_a which_o be_v good_a for_o themselves_o alone_o but_o also_o whatsoever_o tend_v to_o the_o conservation_n happiness_n and_o perfection_n of_o mankind_n and_o whatsoever_o they_o thus_o esteem_v to_o be_v good_a that_o they_o will_v also_o desire_v wish_v for_o and_o contribute_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o procure_v for_o other_o as_o well_o as_o themselves_o nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n to_o hinder_v but_o that_o whatsoever_o i_o find_v agreeable_a to_o any_o man_n nature_n i_o may_v do_v my_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o my_o power_n that_o he_o may_v obtain_v it_o but_o this_o much_o i_o must_v free_o confess_v that_o if_o man_n do_v not_o propose_v to_o themselves_o one_o common_a end_n or_o effect_v viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n who_o cause_n whether_o efficient_a or_o perfective_a shall_v be_v beforehand_o agree_v on_o to_o be_v good_a and_o those_o that_o hinder_v its_o production_n evil_a the_o word_n good_a and_o evil_a will_v always_o be_v equivocal_a various_a and_o uncertain_a be_v still_o to_o be_v take_v in_o as_o many_o different_a sense_n as_o there_o be_v particular_a men._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o action_n or_o thing_n be_v call_v good_a by_o any_o one_o man_n because_o it_o serve_v his_o turn_n that_o other_o man_n if_o it_o cross_v their_o desire_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o call_v evil_a which_o be_v incongruous_a to_o reason_n and_o to_o the_o communication_n of_o knowledge_n among_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a end_n of_o speech_n whereas_o if_o the_o word_n good_a and_o evil_a be_v apply_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o rational_a being_n in_o general_n they_o will_v have_v a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a sense_n and_o signification_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v constant_o true_a and_o intelligible_a but_o prove_v most_o useful_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o capable_a of_o understanding_n but_o also_o of_o contribute_v our_o endeavour_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o this_o common_a good_a and_o be_v also_o under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n thereunto_o be_v i_o hope_v full_o make_v out_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n where_o we_o express_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o its_o obligation_n principle_n vii_o that_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o state_n of_o war._n §_o 1._o all_o the_o principle_n that_o mr._n h._n have_v hitherto_o lay_v down_o have_v be_v only_o in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_v this_o darling_n principle_n of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n but_o since_o we_o have_v already_o in_o our_o answer_n to_o his_o former_a principle_n show_v their_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n if_o those_o foundation_n be_v ill_o lay_v the_o superstructure_n must_v needs_o be_v infirm_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v omit_v all_o that_o he_o have_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z infer_v from_o those_o false_a principle_n and_o shall_v only_o apply_v myself_o to_o what_o he_o have_v in_o his_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n give_v we_o anew_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o principle_n and_o which_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o former_a for_o here_o he_o derive_v this_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n from_o three_o principal_a cause_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n first_o competition_n second_o diffidence_n three_o glory_n the_o first_o make_v man_n invade_v for_o gain_n the_o second_o for_o safety_n and_o the_o three_o for_o reputation_n the_o first_o use_n violence_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o other_o man_n person_n wife_n child_n and_o cattle_n the_o second_o to_o defend_v they_o the_o three_o for_o trifle_n as_o a_o word_n a_o smile_n a_o different_a opinion_n and_o any_o other_o sign_n of_o undervalue_v either_o direct_o in_o their_o person_n or_o by_o reflection_n on_o their_o kindred_n their_o friend_n their_o nation_n their_o profession_n or_o their_o name_n hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o during_o the_o time_n man_n live_v without_o a_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o all_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v in_o that_o condition_n which_o be_v call_v war_n as_o be_v of_o every_o man_n against_o every_o man_n for_o war_n consist_v not_o in_o battle_n only_o or_o the_o act_n of_o fight_v but_o in_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o will_v to_o contend_v by_o battle_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o therefore_o the_o notion_n of_o time_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o weather_n for_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o foul-weather_n lie_v not_o in_o a_o shower_n or_o two_o of_o rain_n but_o in_o a_o inclination_n thereto_o of_o many_o day_n together_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n consist_v not_o in_o actual_a fight_n but_o in_o the_o know_a disposition_n thereto_o during_o all_o the_o time_n there_o be_v no_o assurance_n to_o the_o contrary_n all_o other_o be_v peace_n §_o 2._o in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n that_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o leviathan_n deduce_v this_o right_n of_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o from_o other_o principle_n than_o he_o do_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z chap._n 1._o §_o 12._o where_o from_o the_o suppose_a right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n he_o deduce_v a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o and_o which_o render_v it_o
likewise_o in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 14._o though_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v yet_o because_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o natural_a passion_n that_o carry_v we_o to_o partiality_n pride_n revenge_n and_o the_o like_a and_o their_o covenant_n without_o the_o sword_n be_v but_o word_n and_o have_v no_o strength_n to_o secure_v a_o man_n at_o all_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n if_o there_o be_v no_o power_n erect_v or_o not_o great_a enough_o for_o our_o security_n every_o man_n will_v and_o may_v lawful_o rely_v on_o his_o strength_n and_o art_n for_o caution_n against_o all_o other_o man_n and_o in_o his_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o leviathan_n he_o far_o tell_v we_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v in_o foro_fw-la interno_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o bind_v to_o a_o desire_n that_o they_o shall_v take_v place_n but_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o put_v they_o in_o act_n not_o always_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v be_v modest_a and_o tractable_a and_o perform_v all_o he_o promise_v in_o such_o time_n and_o place_n where_o no_o man_n else_o will_v do_v so_o shall_v but_o make_v himself_o a_o prey_n to_o other_o and_o procure_v his_o own_o certain_a ruin_n contrary_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o tend_v to_o nature_n preservation_n §_o 4._o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o give_v you_o his_o own_o word_n in_o this_o place_n because_o i_o can_v not_o well_o contract_v they_o without_o spoil_v his_o sense_n and_o also_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v whether_o he_o be_v clear_o answer_v or_o not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o if_o it_o be_v already_o make_v out_o in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n that_o in_o this_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v contain_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o do_v likewise_o appear_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o those_o reward_n and_o punishment_n he_o have_v annex_v to_o its_o observation_n and_o transgression_n then_o notwithstanding_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v here_o say_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v proper_o a_o law_n as_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n necessary_a thereunto_o but_o that_o which_o may_v lead_v mr._n h._n into_o this_o error_n be_v that_o all_o writer_n upon_o this_o subject_a think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o define_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v only_o a_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n without_o deduce_v its_o authority_n from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n or_o if_o they_o have_v suppose_v god_n the_o author_n of_o it_o as_o suarez_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o grotius_n in_o his_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la have_v do_v yet_o they_o content_v themselves_o with_o suppose_v that_o god_n have_v impress_v these_o idea_n upon_o man_n soul_n as_o so_o many_o innate_a notion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o light_n of_o nature_n without_o show_v we_o by_o some_o more_o plain_a or_o certain_a mean_n as_o our_o author_n have_v do_v in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n how_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o law_n the_o weakness_n or_o precariousness_n of_o which_o hypothesis_n be_v discover_v by_o mr._n h._n give_v he_o occasion_n to_o suppose_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n for_o want_v of_o a_o legislator_n and_o far_o they_o have_v define_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n which_o seem_v only_o proper_a to_o reveal_v or_o civil_a law_n deliver_v in_o some_o set_a form_n of_o word_n mr._n h._n have_v here_o also_o define_v a_o law_n to_o be_v the_o word_n or_o speech_n of_o he_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o to_o be_v do_v and_o so_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o be_v deliver_v in_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n can_v be_v upon_o these_o ground_n proper_o law_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o think_v we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n but_o in_o those_o true_a notion_n or_o idea_n take_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o person_n bear_v deaf_a or_o dumb_a be_v capable_a of_o understand_v this_o law_n though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o word_n and_o mr._n h._n himself_o before_o he_o be_v aware_a do_v sufficient_o confess_v this_o truth_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o of_o his_o the_o cive_z for_o after_o he_o have_v in_o the_o last_o art_n of_o his_o three_o chap._n deny_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v proper_o law_n he_o begin_v his_o 4_o the_o chap._n with_o these_o word_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o natural_a and_o moral_a the_o same_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v also_o call_v the_o divine_a law_n nor_o undeserved_o because_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v immediate_o give_v by_o god_n to_o every_o man_n as_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o action_n as_o also_o because_o the_o precept_n of_o life_n which_o be_v thence_o derive_v be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o divine_a majesty_n for_o the_o law_n of_o his_o heavenly_a kingdom_n by_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o his_o holy_a apostle_n those_o thing_n therefore_o which_o may_v be_v before_o understand_v by_o reason_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o same_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o confirm_v from_o the_o holy_a scripture_n so_o likewise_o in_o his_o 15_o the_o chap._n article_n 3._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v declare_v after_o a_o threefold_a manner_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v by_o the_o tacit_fw-la dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n from_o both_o which_o place_n we_o may_v plain_o collect_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n or_o reason_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o that_o right_a reason_n be_v the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v immediate_o give_v by_o god_n to_o every_o man_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o his_o action_n it_o will_v likewise_o as_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o law_n or_o dictate_v of_o reason_n be_v also_o divine_a since_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n nor_o will_v it_o serve_v his_o turn_n to_o allege_v as_o he_o do_v in_o his_o leviathan_n 15._o chap._n that_o the_o same_o law_n viz._n of_o nature_n because_o they_o oblige_v only_o to_o a_o desire_n and_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v a_o unfeigned_a and_o constant_a endeavour_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v for_o in_o that_o he_o require_v nothing_o but_o endeavour_n he_o that_o endeavour_v their_o performance_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v fulfil_v they_o and_o he_o that_o fulfil_v the_o law_n be_v just_a §_o 6._o this_o will_v prove_v a_o mere_a evasion_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v that_o unless_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n regard_v the_o outward_a action_n of_o man_n they_o can_v partake_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n nor_o do_v they_o carry_v any_o obligation_n along_o with_o they_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o seek_v peace_n with_o other_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o our_o natural_a right_n by_o any_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n alone_o without_o outward_a action_n and_o most_o of_o those_o action_n do_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n necessary_o regard_v and_o concern_v other_o beside_o ourselves_o but_o if_o he_o shall_v reply_v that_o such_o action_n be_v improper_o call_v law_n for_o want_v of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o this_o we_o may_v likewise_o return_v that_o we_o have_v already_o full_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n that_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o true_a force_n of_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n necessary_a thereunto_o and_o he_o himself_o in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 21._o do_v express_o acknowledge_v and_o set_v down_o divers_a of_o those_o natural_a punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v by_o god_n as_o natural_a effect_n of_o the_o transgression_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o passage_n because_o i_o have_v already_o transcribe_v it_o in_o the_o discourse_n itself_o chap._n 3._o i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v you_o thither_o but_o in_o short_a if_o there_o be_v no_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o call_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o natural_a right_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o so_o his_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o
be_v determine_v by_o a_o man_n be_v own_o judgement_n therefore_o also_o be_v the_o honour_n and_o duty_n due_a to_o father_n last_o where_o there_o be_v no_o public_a judgement_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o give_v testimony_n either_o true_a or_o false_a since_o therefore_o the_o obligation_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n be_v prior_n to_o the_o promulgation_n of_o they_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prohibit_v the_o violation_n of_o compact_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o where_o we_o be_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obedience_n before_o we_o know_v what_o will_v be_v command_v we_o be_v there_o universal_o and_o in_o all_o thing_n oblige_v to_o obey_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o no_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v not_o make_v in_o reproach_n to_o god_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o disposal_n nor_o can_v be_v say_v to_o give_v law_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n yet_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n shall_v command_v you_o to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o another_o or_o to_o lie_v with_o any_o woman_n that_o be_v not_o theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o old_a when_o by_o a_o certain_a law_n they_o permit_v their_o boy_n private_o to_o take_v away_o other_o people_n good_n they_o than_o command_v those_o good_n not_o to_o be_v the_o owner_n but_o they_o who_o thus_o steal_v they_o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o private_a take_n be_v no_o theft_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o promiscuous_a copulation_n of_o sex_n among_o the_o heathen_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n be_v lawful_a marriage_n §_o 2._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h_n have_v write_v more_o rude_o and_o wicked_o and_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o assertion_n concern_v the_o mutability_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o outward_a action_n since_o he_o himself_o tell_v we_o immediate_o after_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o eternal_a and_o that_o injustice_n ingratitude_n arrogance_n pride_n iniquity_n acception_n of_o person_n and_o the_o like_a can_v never_o be_v make_v lawful_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v that_o war_n shall_v preserve_v life_n and_o peace_n destroy_v it_o but_o how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v immutable_a and_o yet_o alterable_a as_o to_o outward_a action_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n i_o can_v comprehend_v but_o since_o we_o have_v already_o destroy_v those_o two_o main_a principle_n introductive_a to_o this_o viz._n that_o no_o action_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n till_o either_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n or_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o also_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o law_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v the_o only_a reason_n he_o here_o give_v we_o for_o this_o assertion_n which_o be_v this_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prohibit_v the_o violation_n of_o compact_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v since_o our_o obedience_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o compact_n that_o man_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n grant_v all_o which_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o absolute_o or_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o this_o obedience_n be_v promise_v but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o regard_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n for_o if_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n shall_v make_v a_o law_n that_o every_o one_o may_v knock_v his_o father_n in_o the_o head_n when_o he_o come_v to_o such_o a_o age_n and_o marry_v his_o mother_n or_o rob_v any_o other_o man_n though_o his_o dear_a friend_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n all_o these_o wicked_a action_n will_v become_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v nay_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v they_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v without_o distinction_n but_o he_o here_o tell_v we_o that_o no_o civil_a law_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v not_o make_v in_o direct_a reproach_n to_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o principle_n no_o law_n can_v be_v so_o but_o what_o direct_o deny_v his_o existence_n since_o in_o his_o leviathan_n ch._n he_o make_v even_o idolatry_n lawful_a if_o it_o be_v once_o command_v by_o his_o infallible_a leviathan_n the_o supreme_a power_n but_o if_o mr._n h._n have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v any_o ordinary_a system_fw-la of_o ethic_n he_o will_v have_v find_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o that_o science_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n like_o the_o moral_a virtue_n be_v so_o near_o link_v and_o have_v such_o a_o inseparable_a dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o that_o the_o first_o and_o prio_fw-la law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o latter_a or_o secondary_a and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o compact_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o obedience_n to_o the_o command_v of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n be_v one_o of_o those_o compact_n which_o man_n make_v when_o they_o institute_v and_o enter_v into_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o civil_a state_n yet_o be_v those_o promise_n of_o obedience_n only_o make_v concern_v such_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v command_v or_o permit_v to_o be_v do_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o grant_v therefore_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o may_v appoint_v what_o outward_a reward_n or_o punishment_n they_o please_v for_o the_o observation_n or_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o also_o in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n may_v ordain_v what_o outward_a act_n shall_v be_v call_v murder_n adultery_n theft_n etc._n etc._n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n and_o so_o make_v a_o new_a law_n of_o nature_n though_o i_o own_o they_o may_v enlarge_v or_o restrain_v their_o exercise_n in_o some_o particular_a action_n or_o instance_n but_o since_o this_o be_v best_a clear_v by_o example_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o some_o of_o each_o sort_n first_o therefore_o though_o our_o law_n give_v leave_v to_o man_n to_o converse_v alone_o with_o marry_a woman_n without_o any_o crime_n yet_o in_o divers_a country_n it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o whoever_o be_v find_v alone_o in_o the_o company_n of_o another_o man_n wife_n without_o his_o leave_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v they_o both_o because_o such_o private_a congress_n be_v esteem_v as_o bad_a as_o downright_a adultery_n the_o punishment_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o husband_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o supreme_a power_n may_v make_v a_o law_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o husband_n to_o kill_v every_o man_n that_o shall_v but_o happen_v to_o look_v upon_o his_o wife_n because_o he_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n commit_v adultery_n with_o she_o in_o his_o heart_n so_o likewise_o by_o our_o law_n the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o father_n of_o all_o child_n which_o his_o wife_n shall_v bring_v forth_o if_o he_o be_v within_o the_o english_a dominion_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o child_n be_v beget_v though_o he_o be_v at_o that_o same_o time_n a_o hundred_o mile_n off_o and_o though_o the_o mother_n shall_v assure_v the_o child_n that_o not_o her_o husband_n but_o another_o man_n be_v real_o his_o father_n yet_o be_v not_o such_o a_o child_n oblige_v to_o believe_v she_o or_o to_o pay_v any_o duty_n or_o respect_n to_o that_o person_n though_o he_o be_v real_o his_o father_n but_o will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n may_v make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o child_n whatsoever_o shall_v honour_n and_o obey_v his_o parent_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o author_n last_o instance_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o spartan_n as_o the_o egyptian_n likewise_o do_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o private_a theft_n commit_v without_o discovery_n or_o violence_n to_o man_n person_n shall_v not_o only_o alter_v the_o property_n in_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o also_o pass_v
be_v common_o receive_v and_o practise_v by_o most_o nation_n for_o their_o general_a usefulness_n and_o conveniency_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v still_o require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n by_o who_o authority_n alone_o they_o can_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n the_o proof_n of_o which_o though_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o the_o question_n have_v be_v hitherto_o omit_v or_o but_o slight_o touch_v by_o former_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o beside_o the_o objection_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v also_o argue_v against_o this_o method_n though_o upon_o divers_a principle_n and_o from_o different_a design_n the_o latter_a intend_v that_o no_o body_n shall_v receive_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o obligatory_a to_o outward_a action_n before_o a_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v institute_v who_o shall_v ordain_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o law_n and_o 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it_o still_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n concern_v man_n ignorance_n or_o want_v of_o discovery_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n for_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o those_o tradition_n they_o call_v the_o precept_n of_o noah_n shall_v be_v never_o so_o general_o or_o firm_o believe_v by_o the_o whole_a jewish_a nation_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o therefore_o make_v know_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o of_o not_o eat_v any_o part_n or_o member_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v just_o deride_v and_o receive_v with_o scorn_n by_o all_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o unwritten_a tradition_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sufficient_a promulgation_n make_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n of_o those_o law_n or_o precept_n therein_o contain_v and_o that_o all_o nation_n who_o perhaps_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o adam_n or_o noah_n shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o not_o live_v according_o to_o they_o especial_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o these_o latter_a age_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n begin_v to_o commit_v these_o tradition_n to_o write_v and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o ancient_a jew_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o since_o neither_o josephus_n nor_o philo_n judaeus_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o these_o precept_n in_o their_o write_n therefore_o that_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o those_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n or_o rule_n of_o life_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v more_o evident_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o all_o consider_v man_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a method_n to_o inquire_v first_o into_o their_o natural_a cause_n as_o well_o internal_a as_o external_a remote_a as_o near_o since_o by_o this_o series_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n we_o may_v at_o last_o be_v more_o easy_o bring_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n their_o first_o cause_n from_o who_o intrinsic_a perfection_n and_o extrinsic_a sanction_n by_o fit_a reward_n and_o due_a punishment_n we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o as_o well_o their_o authority_n as_o promulgation_n be_v derive_v i_o know_v indeed_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o former_a writer_n have_v be_v content_a to_o suppose_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o all_o act_n conformable_a thereunto_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o nature_n or_o at_o most_o do_v only_o affirm_v in_o general_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n without_o show_v we_o which_o way_n or_o the_o manner_n how_o therefore_o it_o seem_v high_o necessary_a to_o we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v more_o exact_o how_o the_o force_n of_o object_n from_o without_o and_o of_o our_o own_o notion_n or_o idea_n from_o within_o we_o do_v both_o concur_v towards_o the_o imprint_n and_o fix_v these_o principle_n in_o our_o mind_n as_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o work_n if_o it_o be_v well_o perform_v we_o hope_v may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n because_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o what_o mean_n man_n understand_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n or_o law_n of_o god_n so_o that_o if_o they_o practise_v they_o not_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o excuse_n and_o this_o principle_n will_v likewise_o serve_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n by_o which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v try_v whether_o they_o be_v just_o and_o right_o or_o not_o that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o may_v be_v correct_v and_o amend_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n whenever_o they_o have_v deviate_v from_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o hence_o may_v also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o 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all_o these_o difficulty_n a_o much_o easy_a way_n only_o by_o suppose_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o men._n but_o i_o must_v indeed_o confess_v myself_o not_o yet_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o be_v able_a thus_o easy_o to_o attain_v to_o so_o great_a a_o perfection_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o this_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n and_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o either_o safe_a or_o convenient_a to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o natural_a religion_n and_o morality_n upon_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o have_v be_v explode_v by_o all_o philosopher_n except_o themselves_o and_o which_o can_v never_o alone_o serve_v to_o convince_v those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n for_o who_o we_o chief_o design_v this_o work_n but_o whosoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v what_o have_v be_v write_v against_o these_o innate_a idea_n by_o the_o inquisitive_a and_o 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be_v declare_v and_o establish_v by_o due_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n but_o after_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o law_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o they_o be_v the_o high_a perfection_n or_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o our_o rational_a nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o a_o perfection_n analogous_fw-la to_o this_o knowledge_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o these_o law_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o proceed_v not_o only_o our_o own_o natural_a perfection_n but_o also_o the_o most_o wise_a ordination_n of_o all_o effect_n without_o we_o for_o the_o common_a conservation_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a natural_a system_n or_o universe_n which_o our_o eye_n daily_o behold_v for_o that_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o i_o among_o the_o thing_n most_o certain_o prove_v that_o it_o must_v be_v first_o know_v what_o justice_n 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treatise_n suppose_v therefore_o those_o natural_a principle_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o motion_n and_o rest_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o naturalist_n especial_o such_o as_o depend_v upon_o mathematical_a principle_n since_o we_o have_v only_o here_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o to_o deduce_v they_o from_o some_o suppose_a knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o as_o they_o refer_v to_o our_o moral_a practice_n i_o have_v here_o therefore_o suppose_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o corporeal_a motion_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a and_o perform_v without_o any_o intervention_n of_o humane_a liberty_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o two_o which_o mr._n h._n himself_o likewise_o in_o his_o leviathan_n admit_v that_o from_o the_o consideration_n and_o inquisition_n into_o these_o cause_n and_o from_o the_o power_n and_o operation_n of_o natural_a body_n may_v be_v discover_v the_o existence_n of_o one_o eternal_a infinite_a omnipotent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n so_o that_o every_o motion_n impress_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v carry_v on_o to_o apprehend_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o to_o give_v a_o right_a judgement_n upon_o they_o be_v a_o natural_a effect_n which_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o inferior_a cause_n owe_v its_o original_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o god_n by_o these_o natural_a motion_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n delineate_v the_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o all_o natural_a and_o moral_a action_n on_o our_o mind_n and_o that_o the_o same_o god_n after_o he_o have_v thus_o make_v we_o draw_v various_a notion_n from_o the_o same_o object_n do_v then_o excite_v we_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o each_o other_o and_o then_o join_v they_o together_o and_o so_o determine_v we_o to_o form_v true_a proposition_n of_o the_o thing_n thus_o single_o receive_v and_o understand_v so_o that_o sometime_o a_o thing_n be_v expose_v whole_a and_o all_o at_o once_o to_o our_o view_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v more_o natural_o consider_v successive_o or_o according_a to_o its_o several_a part_n and_o the_o mind_n thereby_o perceive_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o awhole_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o several_a idea_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n put_v together_o and_o so_o be_v thence_o carry_v on_o to_o make_v a_o proposition_n of_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o all_o its_o part_n and_o can_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n which_o preserve_v the_o whole_a must_v also_o conserve_v all_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o then_o from_o a_o diligent_a contemplation_n of_o all_o these_o proposition_n which_o may_v just_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o the_o more_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n from_o who_o fit_a and_o just_a explication_n all_o the_o limit_n or_o exception_n under_o which_o the_o particular_a proposition_n be_v propose_v may_v be_v seek_v for_o and_o discover_v as_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o one_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o this_o or_o the_o like_a sense_n viz._n the_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n conduce_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o several_a part_n or_o member_n in_o which_o our_o own_o felicity_n be_v also_o contain_v as_o part_v thereof_o whereas_o the_o act_n opposite_a to_o this_o endeavour_n do_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o effect_n quite_o opposite_a thereunto_o and_o will_v certain_o procure_v our_o own_o ruin_n or_o misery_n at_o last_o therefore_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o which_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o
be_v the_o same_o infinite_a good_a and_o wise_a disposer_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o this_o our_o benevolence_n by_o give_v he_o glory_n love_n reverence_n and_o obedience_n fulfil_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o humanity_n towards_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o answer_v both_o the_o table_n of_o the_o moral_a or_o natural_a law_n and_o in_o this_o consent_n of_o our_o mind_n with_o the_o divine_a intellect_n consist_v that_o complete_a harmony_n of_o the_o universe_n of_o intellectual_a being_n the_o great_a influence_n of_o these_o principle_n upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a religion_n may_v be_v more_o full_o express_v and_o make_v out_o by_o these_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o the_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n and_o consent_n of_o our_o mind_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o action_n include_v the_o agreement_n and_o concurrence_n of_o our_o chief_a faculty_n viz._n the_o understanding_n 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infinite_a concern_v for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o best_a creature_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o his_o infinite_a goodness_n and_o be_v a_o real_a perfection_n of_o his_o nature_n not_o imply_v any_o mistake_n of_o other_o for_o himself_o nor_o any_o capacity_n of_o be_v lessen_v or_o hurt_v by_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n malice_n but_o yet_o full_o answer_v nay_o infinite_o exceed_v that_o solicitous_a care_n and_o concern_v for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o which_o charity_n and_o compassion_n work_v in_o the_o best_a of_o man_n in_o short_a if_o the_o reader_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v the_o three_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o discourse_n he_o will_v find_v that_o we_o have_v in_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o only_o give_v a_o bare_a interpretation_n of_o word_n but_o also_o have_v propose_v the_o true_a notion_n and_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o purpose_n 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show_v we_o that_o not_o the_o private_a felicity_n of_o any_o single_a man_n be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o of_o any_o one_o who_o will_v true_o obey_v his_o will_n and_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o also_o appear_v that_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o from_o their_o own_o natural_a force_n and_o efficacy_n be_v apt_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a be_v certain_o better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v only_o serve_v the_o private_a good_a of_o any_o one_o man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o a_o common_a good_a be_v great_a than_o a_o private_a so_o likewise_o those_o action_n which_o take_v the_o near_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o effect_n as_o a_o end_n be_v call_v right_o because_o of_o their_o natural_a similitude_n with_o a_o right_n or_o straight_o line_n which_o be_v always_o the_o short_a between_o the_o two_o term_n but_o the_o same_o action_n when_o compare_v with_o a_o natural_a or_o 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do_v prescribe_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v put_v together_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n by_o which_o all_o particular_a person_n of_o sound_a mind_n be_v some_o way_n render_v capable_a of_o so_o large_a a_o society_n and_o be_v either_o more_o near_o or_o remote_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o we_o do_v here_o entreat_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o will_v not_o consider_v those_o thing_n each_o of_o they_o single_o or_o apart_o but_o all_o together_o since_o from_o all_o of_o they_o conjoin_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o evince_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o most_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o man_n will_v necessary_o fail_v of_o their_o happiness_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o adequate_a or_o proper_a exercise_n of_o their_o rational_a faculty_n unless_o they_o will_v exercise_v they_o in_o cultivate_v this_o amity_n or_o love_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n to_o which_o end_v 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permit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o allow_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v more_o worthy_a a_o rational_a creature_n and_o from_o whence_o great_a effect_n can_v proceed_v than_o a_o will_v always_o propeuse_n towards_o the_o good_a of_o this_o whole_a body_n govern_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o right_a understanding_n therefore_o since_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v foreknow_v that_o such_o effect_n will_v follow_v from_o this_o endeavour_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o present_a comfort_n of_o true_a piety_n be_v therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n beside_o those_o many_o conveniency_n of_o peace_n and_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o emolument_n both_o of_o civil_a and_o domestic_a government_n and_o private_a friendship_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n as_o the_o common_a reward_n thereof_o and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n within_o our_o power_n be_v otherwise_o obtain_v so_o that_o he_o who_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v also_o reject_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o felicity_n and_o embrace_v those_o of_o his_o misery_n as_o a_o punishment_n due_a to_o his_o folly_n in_o short_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o high_a happiness_n which_o we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o self_n proceed_v from_o our_o care_n both_o of_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n and_o peace_n with_o men._n and_o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o can_v only_o be_v find_v in_o his_o soul_n who_o true_o study_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o great_a reward_n that_o any_o one_o can_v acquire_v be_v necessary_o connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n
gratitude_n as_o well_o as_o by_o interest_n to_o return_v those_o again_o whenever_o they_o be_v lawful_o require_v of_o we_o though_o i_o grant_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o gospel_n that_o the_o firm_a encouragement_n and_o great_a reward_n we_o man_n can_v have_v for_o expose_v nay_o lose_v our_o life_n for_o the_o benefit_n or_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o happiness_n we_o may_v just_o expect_v in_o another_o life_n after_o this_o these_o thing_n seem_v evident_a to_o we_o as_o resemble_v that_o method_n whereby_o we_o be_v natural_o teach_v that_o the_o health_n and_o strength_n of_o our_o whole_a body_n be_v preserve_v by_o the_o good_a estate_n of_o its_o particular_a member_n in_o its_o receive_a food_n and_o breath_n although_o sometime_o disease_n may_v breed_v within_o the_o body_n or_o divers_a outward_a accident_n as_o wound_n bruise_n and_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v to_o it_o from_o without_o which_o may_v hinder_v the_o particular_a member_n from_o receive_v that_o nourishment_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o act_n immediate_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a that_o the_o happiness_n of_o particular_a man_n which_o be_v the_o member_n of_o this_o natural_a system_n may_v no_o less_o certain_o be_v expect_v nor_o be_v less_o natural_o derive_v from_o thence_o than_o the_o strength_n of_o our_o hand_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o due_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n and_o nervous_a juice_n though_o we_o confess_v that_o many_o thing_n may_v happen_v which_o may_v cause_v this_o general_a care_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n not_o always_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o good_a effect_n we_o desire_v so_o that_o particular_a person_n may_v certain_o infallible_o enjoy_v all_o the_o felicity_n they_o can_v hope_v for_o or_o expect_v yet_o this_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o it_o any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o take_n in_o of_o air_n and_o aliment_n however_o necessary_a for_o the_o whole_a body_n shall_v prevent_v all_o those_o accident_n and_o distemper_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o since_o it_o may_v happen_v as_o well_o by_o the_o violent_a and_o unjust_a action_n of_o our_o fellow_n subject_n like_o the_o disease_a constitution_n of_o some_o inward_a part_n or_o by_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n like_o a_o blow_n or_o other_o outward_a violence_n that_o good_a man_n may_v be_v deprive_v in_o this_o life_n of_o some_o reward_n of_o their_o good_a deed_n and_o may_v also_o suffer_v divers_a outward_a evil_n yet_o since_o these_o be_v more_o often_o repel_v by_o the_o force_n of_o concord_n and_o civil_a government_n or_o be_v often_o shake_v off_o after_o some_o short_a disturbance_n either_o by_o our_o own_o private_a power_n or_o else_o by_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sword_n as_o disease_n be_v throw_v off_o by_o a_o healthful_a crisis_n or_o effort_n of_o nature_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o evil_n man_n be_v more_o often_o recompense_v with_o great_a good_n partly_o from_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o but_o chief_o from_o that_o of_o civil_a government_n or_o else_o of_o league_n make_v with_o neighbour_a state_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o mankind_n have_v never_o be_v yet_o destroy_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o tyranny_n and_o war_n that_o man_n unreasonable_a passion_n have_v exercise_v and_o raise_v in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o civil_a government_n or_o empire_n have_v be_v more_o last_a than_o the_o most_o long_o live_v animal_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o deprive_v appetite_n of_o divers_a man_n or_o those_o passion_n which_o do_v often_o produce_v motion_n so_o opposite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v no_o more_o to_o hinder_v we_o from_o acknowledge_v the_o natural_a propension_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n consider_v together_o to_o be_v more_o powerful_o carry_v towards_o that_o which_o we_o every_o day_n see_v may_v be_v procure_v thereby_o viz._n the_o conservation_n and_o far_a perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n than_o that_o divers_a disease_n breed_v in_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n or_o any_o outward_a violence_n shall_v hinder_v we_o from_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o frame_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o natural_a function_n of_o their_o part_n be_v fit_v and_o intend_v by_o god_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o life_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n but_o that_o we_o may_v carry_v on_o this_o similitude_n between_o a_o live_a body_n and_o its_o particular_a member_n with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n and_o all_o the_o individual_v contain_v under_o it_o a_o little_a far_o i_o will_v here_o give_v you_o monsieur_n pascal_n excellent_a notion_n concern_v this_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o those_o fragment_n morales_n entitle_v les_fw-fr pensees_n de_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr pascal_n since_o it_o both_o explain_v and_o confirm_v our_o method_n he_o there_o suppose_v that_o god_n have_v make_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n and_o divers_a other_o creature_n not_o at_o all_o sensible_a of_o their_o common_a happiness_n will_v also_o make_v some_o rational_a being_n which_o may_v know_v he_o and_o may_v make_v up_o one_o body_n consist_v of_o rational_a member_n and_o that_o all_o man_n be_v member_n of_o this_o body_n so_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o happiness_n that_o all_o particular_a man_n as_o member_n of_o this_o body_n conform_v their_o particular_a will_n to_o the_o universal_a will_n of_o god_n that_o govern_v the_o whole_a body_n as_o the_o head_n or_o soul_n thereof_o and_o though_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o one_o man_n false_o suppose_v himself_o a_o independent_a be_v and_o so_o will_v make_v himself_o the_o only_a centre_n of_o all_o his_o action_n yet_o he_o will_v at_o last_o find_v himself_o whilst_o in_o this_o state_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o who_o not_o have_v any_o true_a principle_n of_o life_n or_o motion_n do_v nothing_o but_o wander_v about_o distract_v in_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o own_o be_v but_o if_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o himself_o he_o will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v not_o that_o whole_a body_n but_o only_o a_o small_a member_n of_o it_o and_o have_v no_o proper_a life_n and_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o part_n thereof_o so_o that_o to_o regulate_v our_o self-love_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o imagine_v himself_o but_o one_o small_a part_n of_o this_o body_n of_o mankind_n compose_v of_o so_o many_o intelligent_a member_n and_o to_o know_v what_o proportion_n of_o love_n every_o man_n owe_v himself_o let_v he_o consider_v what_o degree_n of_o love_n the_o body_n bear_v to_o any_o one_o small_a single_a part_n and_o so_o much_o love_n that_o part_n if_o it_o have_v sense_n ought_v to_o bestow_v upon_o itself_o and_o no_o more_o all_o self-love_n that_o exceed_v this_o be_v unjust_a so_o far_o this_o sagacious_a contemplative_a gentleman_n think_v long_o since_o though_o i_o confess_v he_o do_v not_o proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o manner_n the_o good_a of_o every_o individual_a person_n depend_v upon_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n as_o our_o author_n have_v here_o do_v though_o no_o doubt_n he_o be_v excellent_o well_o fit_v to_o do_v it_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o reduce_v those_o excellent_a thought_n into_o a_o set_a discourse_n we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o epitome_n the_o sum_n of_o that_o method_n by_o which_o we_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o we_o have_v consider_v all_o the_o felicity_n natural_o flow_v from_o good_a action_n as_o a_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n and_o their_o loss_n or_o contrary_a evil_n that_o follow_v they_o as_o a_o punishment_n natural_o flow_v from_o their_o transgression_n and_o indeed_o our_o method_n seem_v very_o much_o confirm_v from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n since_o all_o man_n of_o however_o different_a opinion_n concern_v moral_a principle_n do_v yet_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o good_a action_n ought_v still_o to_o be_v encourage_v by_o reward_n and_o evil_a one_o to_o be_v restrain_v by_o punishment_n in_o this_o all_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n however_o quarrel_v among_o themselves_o do_v agree_v as_o also_o the_o founder_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n have_v make_v this_o their_o main_a foundation_n nay_o those_o who_o will_v seem_v most_o to_o neglect_v all_o reward_n and_o will_v deduce_v all_o virtue_n from_o gratitude_n alone_o yet_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o acknowledge_v this_o gratitude_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o memory_n of_o benefit_n receive_v but_o sure_o it_o still_o argue_v as_o much_o love_n towards_o
glad_a if_o any_o of_o mr._n h_n disciple_n can_v show_v we_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o that_o opinion_n §_o 17._o so_o that_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o natural_a mean_n of_o man_n happiness_n do_v appear_v so_o evident_a from_o our_o common_a reason_n and_o daily_a experience_n that_o they_o be_v of_o like_a certainty_n with_o the_o principle_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n in_o all_o who_o operation_n there_o be_v still_o suppose_v certain_a act_n depend_v upon_o our_o free_a humane_a faculty_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o science_n be_v render_v the_o more_o uncertain_a from_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n whether_o they_o will_v draw_v line_n or_o cast_v up_o sum_n or_o not_o since_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inseparable_a connexion_n between_o such_o act_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o exert_v and_o all_o the_o effect_n seek_v for_o to_o the_o find_n of_o which_o both_o the_o pleasure_n annex_v to_o their_o contemplation_n and_o the_o various_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v found_v in_o the_o immutable_a coherence_n between_o the_o high_a felicity_n which_o humane_a power_n can_v attain_v to_o with_o those_o act_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n that_o be_v of_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o man_n and_o which_o exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o particular_a moral_a virtue_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v still_o suppose_v that_o man_n desire_v and_o seek_v the_o high_a felicity_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o exercise_v this_o benevolence_n not_o only_o towards_o themselves_o but_o god_n and_o man_n as_o partaker_n with_o they_o of_o the_o same_o rational_a or_o intelligent_a nature_n this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o prevent_v all_o those_o cavil_n which_o mr._n h_n disciple_n be_v use_v to_o make_v against_o morality_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o wi_n §_o 18._o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v what_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n that_o this_o truth_n concern_v the_o efficacy_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n as_o also_o all_o other_o proposition_n alike_o evident_a and_o contain_v under_o it_o do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o ordainer_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o of_o our_o humane_a understanding_n and_o of_o all_o truth_n therein_o contain_v and_o since_o these_o rule_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o procure_a god_n end_n and_o design_n viz._n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o also_o that_o it_o have_v please_v he_o to_o annex_v certain_a natural_a reward_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o punishment_n to_o their_o transgression_n so_o that_o they_o thereby_o become_v apt_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o due_a order_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o govern_v our_o action_n towards_o god_n ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v far_o make_v out_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o see_v nothing_o want_v to_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o under_o this_o general_a rule_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o universal_a benevolence_n be_v contain_v piety_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o high_a goodwill_n or_o charity_n towards_o man_n and_o be_v the_o sum_n both_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ._n §_o 19_o these_o thing_n be_v thus_o propose_v in_o general_a i_o come_v now_o more_o particular_o to_o show_v that_o a_o due_a observation_n and_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a thing_n without_o we_o will_v true_o and_o clear_o teach_v we_o what_o operation_n or_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o and_o also_o show_v we_o how_o necessary_o and_o unalterable_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v produce_v for_o natural_a knowledge_n search_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o daily_o happen_v to_o all_o natural_a body_n and_o especial_o to_o man_n and_o so_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o necessary_a coherence_n of_o these_o effect_n with_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o those_o cause_n that_o help_v to_o generate_v or_o preserve_v man_n and_o that_o make_v they_o live_v happy_o in_o this_o life_n be_v natural_a good_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o dissolution_n be_v natural_a evil_n and_o it_o then_o as_o plain_o follow_v that_o by_o this_o knowledge_n we_o can_v as_o certain_o demonstrate_v and_o foretell_v what_o thing_n be_v natural_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o mankind_n as_o for_o any_o single_a person_n §_o 20._o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o conclude_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o these_o effect_n which_o either_o nature_n or_o humane_a industry_n can_v produce_v for_o man_n food_n clothe_v habitation_n and_o medicine_n be_v part_n of_o this_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o other_o humane_a operation_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o use_v of_o humane_a life_n for_o although_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o man_n as_o they_o exert_v themselves_o towards_o thing_n without_o they_o do_v not_o work_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o mere_a mechanic_n motion_n viz._n from_o the_o pulsion_n or_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n but_o either_o from_o their_o reason_n or_o will_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o outward_a motion_n we_o exert_v receive_v their_o measure_n and_o force_n from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o and_o so_o must_v perform_v their_o natural_a function_n as_o they_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o natural_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o voluntary_a action_n whenever_o they_o be_v thus_o exert_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v how_o much_o man_n industry_n by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o body_n which_o a_o philosopher_n can_v easy_o resolve_v into_o mechanic_n one_o do_v contribute_v to_o their_o own_o and_o other_o man_n preservation_n by_o provide_v and_o administer_a victual_n clothes_n physic_n house_n etc._n etc._n in_o perform_v which_o effect_n man_n strength_n and_o skill_n in_o husbandry_n building_n navigation_n and_o other_o manual_a trade_n be_v chief_o employ_v nor_o be_v the_o liberal_a art_n absolute_o free_a from_o these_o law_n of_o motion_n since_o by_o the_o help_n of_o certain_a sensible_a sign_n and_o articulate_v note_n or_o mark_n as_o word_n letter_n or_o cipher_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n come_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o knowledge_n and_o direct_v in_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n i_o have_v only_o think_v fit_a to_o hint_n thus_o much_o concern_v humane_a action_n consider_v as_o mere_a natural_a thing_n exist_v without_o we_o but_o i_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n §_o 21._o hence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o all_o these_o natural_a thing_n and_o the_o mutual_a help_n by_o which_o they_o be_v procure_v may_v be_v certain_o know_v and_o foresee_v by_o we_o to_o be_v natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o those_o contrary_a cause_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o man_n body_n be_v weaken_v or_o destroy_v by_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o the_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n such_o as_o food_n raiment_n liberty_n quiet_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o those_o action_n by_o which_o virtue_n and_o knowledge_n may_v be_v root_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o error_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n introduce_v into_o their_o room_n be_v necessary_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n evil._n therefore_o when_o we_o determine_v of_o natural_a good_n or_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o preservation_n of_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n since_o the_o punishment_n nay_o death_n of_o these_o may_v often_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
health_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n so_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o order_n of_o divers_a subordinate_a good_n and_o the_o proportion_n which_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bear_v to_o the_o common_a or_o great_a good_a may_v easy_o be_v deduce_v how_o much_o the_o wellbeing_a or_o happiness_n of_o every_o single_a person_n may_v contribute_v to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a family_n the_o felicity_n of_o a_o family_n to_o that_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o of_o all_o these_o consider_v together_o what_o proportion_n they_o may_v bear_v to_o the_o common_a felicity_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o hence_o you_o may_v be_v easy_o satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o one_o truth_n conduce_v to_o our_o right_a prosecution_n of_o this_o great_a end_n and_o indeed_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 25._o last_o which_o yet_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o all_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_n of_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n express_v in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o divine_a worship_n as_o prayer_n praise_n thanksgiving_n etc._n etc._n this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o virtue_n since_o it_o do_v that_o which_o be_v high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o god_n the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o speak_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o we_o man_n perform_v somewhat_o good_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n and_o which_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o make_v we_o most_o happy_a not_o only_o by_o render_v the_o deity_n propitious_a to_o we_o but_o also_o by_o a_o near_a spiritual_a approach_n and_o conversation_n with_o it_o in_o those_o holy_a exercise_n it_o put_v we_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o mortal_a life_n and_o so_o make_v we_o more_o able_a to_o perform_v the_o great_a end_n of_o our_o creation_n viz._n our_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 26._o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o lay_v down_o and_o explain_v this_o law_n as_o a_o measure_n or_o standard_n of_o all_o good_a action_n to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o shall_v esteem_v all_o good_a or_o evil_a not_o as_o it_o more_o or_o less_o profit_n or_o hurt_v our_o own_o particular_a body_n alone_o but_o as_o it_o may_v more_o or_o less_o add_v to_o or_o detract_v from_o this_o common_a good_a so_o that_o in_o compare_v of_o all_o good_n together_o whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a we_o ought_v still_o to_o look_v upon_o that_o as_o the_o great_a good_n which_o conferr_v most_o and_o that_o to_o be_v the_o least_o which_o contribute_v least_o to_o this_o great_a end_n which_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v desire_v or_o prosecute_v by_o we_o with_o proportionable_a affection_n and_o endeavour_n from_o whence_o also_o may_v be_v draw_v a_o general_a and_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o all_o those_o inordinate_a passion_n proceed_v from_o excessive_a self-love_n by_o which_o man_n be_v most_o common_o draw_v to_o hurt_v or_o injure_v other_o for_o a_o man_n who_o thus_o govern_v himself_o will_v not_o extravagant_o desire_v any_o of_o these_o outward_a thing_n nor_o suffer_v his_o soul_n to_o be_v disturb_v by_o the_o consciousness_n of_o any_o crime_n who_o judge_n nothing_o true_o good_a but_o what_o real_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 27._o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a or_o of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o have_v endeavour_v to_o render_v moral_a philosophy_n or_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a or_o notional_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n who_o whilst_o they_o allow_v nothing_o to_o be_v real_o good_a but_o virtue_n or_o evil_a except_o vice_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o pother_n to_o extol_v the_o real_a good_a of_o the_o former_a and_o declaim_v against_o the_o certain_a evil_n of_o the_o latter_a yet_o by_o not_o give_v we_o the_o true_a reason_n or_o ground_n why_o virtue_n shall_v be_v embrace_v and_o vice_n avoid_v they_o render_v their_o philosophy_n mere_o speculative_a and_o only_o fit_a for_o those_o idle_a porch_n in_o which_o they_o declaim_v scarce_o have_v any_o far_a influence_n upon_o the_o action_n of_o life_n when_o either_o their_o own_o affection_n or_o any_o powerful_a outward_a temptation_n do_v at_o any_o time_n prompt_v they_o to_o act_v contrary_a thereunto_o for_o virtue_n be_v only_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o high_a or_o most_o perfect_a good_a not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o well-sounding_a word_n or_o that_o fill_v our_o mind_n with_o some_o vain_a empty_a notion_n but_o as_o it_o determine_v our_o action_n to_o their_o utmost_a influeence_n upon_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a piety_n as_o consist_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o command_n and_o will_v of_o god_n by_o the_o imitation_n of_o his_o divine_a goodness_n and_o beneficence_n §_o 28._o so_o that_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o dr._n parker_n excellent_a consideration_n on_o this_o subject_a and_o which_o being_n better_a than_o any_o thing_n that_o i_o can_v now_o think_v of_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o give_v it_o you_o almost_o in_o his_o own_o word_n 23._o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o demonstrative_o certain_a by_o induction_n of_o particular_n according_a to_o the_o method_n we_o have_v now_o take_v that_o every_o virtue_n have_v some_o natural_a efficacy_n to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o that_o each_o man_n be_v true_a private_a interest_n and_o happiness_n be_v therein_o contain_v and_o inseparable_o connect_v with_o it_o by_o the_o necessary_a order_n of_o nature_n i._n e_o by_o the_o contrivance_n and_o wisdom_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o its_o author_n command_v all_o his_o rational_a creature_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o will_n and_o sense_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o act_v suitable_o to_o that_o order_n of_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o that_o declaration_n of_o his_o will_n which_o he_o have_v make_v by_o that_o establishment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o bring_n about_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n chap._n v._n contain_v a_o answer_n to_o such_o objection_n as_o may_v be_v make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thus_o explain_v and_o reduce_v into_o this_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n with_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 1._o since_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a principle_n and_o inclination_n may_v make_v different_a objection_n against_o this_o our_o method_n of_o prove_v and_o deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o contract_v it_o into_o this_o sing'e_v easy_a proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v they_o into_o platonist_n or_o epicurean_o those_o who_o put_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o their_o belief_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o innate_a idea_n or_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o man_n soul_n and_o who_o i_o doubt_v not_o may_v have_v a_o true_a zeal_n though_o without_o knowledge_n for_o this_o common_a good_a which_o be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v promise_v for_o those_o who_o falâ—ing_v into_o the_o other_o extreme_a will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o can_v have_v any_o true_a or_o certain_a 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object_v against_o god_n intend_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o day_n he_o have_v preserve_v it_o in_o the_o same_o state_n as_o he_o have_v also_o do_v all_o other_o species_n of_o creature_n so_o that_o we_o may_v bold_o affirm_v the_o number_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v though_o it_o may_v please_v god_n for_o the_o correction_n or_o extirpation_n of_o some_o extreme_o wicked_a and_o incorrigible_a nation_n to_o permit_v they_o to_o be_v oppress_v diminish_v or_o quite_o destroy_v by_o foreign_a force_n civil_a war_n or_o domestic_a tyranny_n §_o 10._o a_o second_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v bring_v by_o those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n be_v that_o if_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o discover_v by_o man_n natural_a reason_n and_o observation_n 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with_o those_o of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o find_v they_o to_o agree_v in_o the_o same_o want_v general_a property_n and_o desire_n of_o like_a thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o other_o destructive_a to_o it_o we_o can_v thereby_o certain_o determine_v what_o thing_n or_o action_n will_v conduce_v not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n but_o to_o all_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a from_o whence_o there_o arise_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v one_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o human_a nature_n different_a from_o that_o of_o beast_n be_v to_o abstract_n universal_a idea_n from_o particular_a thing_n and_o then_o to_o give_v general_a name_n to_o those_o idea_n which_o though_o they_o be_v but_o creature_n of_o our_o own_o understanding_n and_o not_o exist_v out_o of_o our_o own_o brain_n yet_o be_v for_o all_o that_o true_a idea_n of_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o 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mankind_n and_o so_o a_o much_o great_a good_a than_o that_o of_o any_o one_o particular_a person_n which_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la chap._n 11._o §_o 14._o where_o treat_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o good_a which_o of_o they_o be_v great_a or_o less_o he_o plain_o declare_v that_o to_o be_v a_o great_a good_n coeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la which_o be_v so_o to_o more_o man_n than_o that_o which_o be_v so_o to_o few_o so_o that_o if_o the_o rational_a and_o free_a use_n of_o a_o man_n will_n consist_v in_o its_o consent_n with_o that_o true_a judgement_n the_o understanding_n make_v concern_v those_o thing_n that_o agree_v in_o one_o common_a nature_n and_o if_o we_o can_v thereby_o true_o judge_v or_o determine_v what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a or_o beneficial_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o desire_v that_o they_o shall_v also_o enjoy_v the_o like_a good_a thing_n with_o ourselves_o and_o likewise_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o procure_v it_o for_o they_o since_o it_o be_v also_o a_o duty_n impose_v upon_o we_o by_o god_n and_o that_o we_o lie_v under_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o do_v it_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o short_a this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n be_v thus_o make_v know_v to_o we_o may_v very_o well_o be_v propose_v as_o the_o end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n and_o be_v the_o great_a we_o can_v desire_v or_o imagine_v the_o understanding_n judge_v aright_o can_v but_o determine_v that_o this_o knowledge_n and_o desire_n will_v more_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o perfection_n of_o our_o human_a nature_n than_o that_o of_o any_o lesser_a good_a so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v great_a than_o any_o other_o good_a we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o will_v likewise_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o great_a and_o noble_a end_n man_n can_v propose_v to_o themselves_o and_o mr._n h._n himself_o be_v also_o sometime_o sensible_a of_o this_o common_a good_a when_o in_o the_o 31_o chap._n of_o his_o leviathan_n in_o the_o last_o page_n he_o have_v make_v in_o his_o latin_a translation_n this_o addition_n that_o he_o do_v not_o despair_v that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o his_o be_v become_v more_o acceptable_a by_o custom_n will_v at_o length_n be_v receive_v bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la for_o the_o common_a good_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v he_o presage_v his_o doctrine_n will_v come_v one_o day_n to_o be_v beneficial_a not_o only_o to_o one_o particular_a state_n or_o commonwealth_n but_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n who_o be_v with_o he_o yet_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o if_o mr._n h._n have_v so_o perfect_a a_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o nation_n i_o think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o great_a difference_n but_o in_o word_n between_o that_o and_o the_o common_a good_a which_o we_o maintain_v §_o 15._o but_o to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o all_o that_o have_v be_v object_v to_o the_o contrary_a it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v in_o and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o principle_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o that_o likewise_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v but_o the_o exercise_n or_o practice_n of_o these_o particular_a virtue_n upon_o their_o due_a object_n may_v be_v also_o reduce_v into_o this_o single_a proposition_n since_o they_o all_o of_o they_o respect_n either_o a_o man_n duty_n towards_o god_n by_o a_o dué_fw-fr worship_n of_o he_o or_o else_o towards_o himself_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o temperance_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o
that_o proceed_n from_o god_n and_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n it_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n require_v to_o a_o law_n that_o the_o defect_n of_o other_o writer_n in_o not_o take_v the_o like_a method_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o mr._n h's_o and_o other_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n this_o law_n not_o be_v give_v in_o any_o sâ—t_a form_n of_o word_n no_o objection_n against_o its_o certainty_n or_o plainness_n sect._n 2._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v even_o by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a mr._n h._n acknowledge_v these_o law_n to_o be_v proper_o so_o as_o proceed_v from_o god_n his_o allow_v that_o those_o law_n oblige_v only_o to_o a_o desire_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o mind_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v a_o mere_a evasion_n answer_v to_o his_o objection_n of_o the_o want_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n he_o himself_o have_v obviate_v this_o by_o confess_v in_o his_o leu._n that_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o natural_a reward_n and_o punishment_n if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n than_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a right_n proper_o so_o call_v sect._n 3_o answer_v to_o his_o main_a reason_n that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a security_n that_o if_o this_o be_v a_o sufficient_a objection_n then_o neither_o civil_a law_n will_v oblige_v divine_a punishment_n as_o certain_a as_o humane_a sect._n 4._o that_o man_n great_a security_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n mr._n h._n in_o some_o place_n acknowledge_v that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v fall_v into_o other_o evil_n beside_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o men._n sect._n 5._o two_o reason_n propose_v show_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o one_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o civil_a sovereign_n concern_v man_n innocency_n till_o accuse_v the_o other_o from_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n of_o a_o much_o great_a insecurity_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o their_o non-observation_n viz._n a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o be_v the_o most_o miserable_a state_n of_o all_o other_o sect._n 6_o 7._o the_o head_n of_o the_o ten_o principle_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o consequence_n of_o his_o former_a principle_n that_o nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n his_o argument_n for_o this_o principle_n because_o it_o proceed_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v distinct_a right_n to_o himself_o as_o also_o shall_v not_o invade_v those_o of_o other_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n thou_o shall_v honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v etc._n etc._n be_v civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o implicit_o for_o the_o same_o law_n command_v all_o compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v due_a be_v covenant_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o civil_a sovereign_n command_v concern_v these_o thing_n must_v be_v obey_v since_o they_o alone_o can_v appoint_v what_o shall_v be_v you_o or_o another_o or_o what_o shall_v be_v murder_n theft_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 1_o nothing_o write_v by_o mr._n h._n more_o wicked_o or_o loose_o nor_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o principle_n the_o main_a foundation_n of_o which_o be_v already_o destroy_v no_o compact_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o any_o commonwealth_n which_o can_v be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o the_o contrary_a principle_n mr._n h._n allow_v even_o idolatry_n itself_o to_o be_v lawful_a if_o command_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n that_o the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o contradict_v or_o alter_v those_o that_o be_v prior_n to_o they_o as_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a though_o civil_a law_n may_v restrain_v or_o enlarge_v several_a particular_a instance_n his_o example_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n answer_v sect._n 2._o a_o conclude_v instance_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o from_o that_o law_n of_o we_o against_o relieve_v wander_a beggar_n sect._n 3_o uncertain_a whether_o mr._n h._n broach_v this_o dangerous_a doctrine_n out_o of_o ignorance_n or_o design_n of_o flatter_a civil_a sovereign_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o he_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n in_o prince_n and_o all_o obligation_n of_o obedience_n in_o subject_n whenever_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_v sect._n 4._o the_o conclusion_n contain_v a_o apology_n for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o confutation_n sect._n 5._o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o the_o moral_a principle_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n de_n cive_z &_o leviathan_n be_v full_o consider_v and_o confute_v introduction_n §_o 1_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v unnecessary_a after_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o prove_v the_o certainty_n and_o constant_a obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n more_o particular_o to_o confute_v the_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n and_o his_o follower_n mr._n h._n it_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n in_o other_o science_n as_o well_o as_o geometry_n rectum_fw-la est_fw-la index_n svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la yet_o since_o those_o author_n have_v not_o only_o poison_v the_o world_n with_o their_o pernicious_a tenet_n but_o have_v also_o endeavour_v to_o support_v they_o with_o the_o specious_a appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o argument_n it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o in_o answer_n to_o these_o reason_n and_o argument_n mr._n h._n the_o reviver_n of_o those_o principle_n in_o this_o age_n have_v bring_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z &_o leviathan_n to_o maintain_v and_o support_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v some_o consideration_n and_o confutation_n of_o they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o contradict_v the_o principle_n we_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o and_o rather_o to_o put_v they_o here_o all_o together_o at_o the_o end_n than_o in_o the_o body_n of_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o there_o they_o will_v not_o only_o have_v interrupt_v the_o coherence_n of_o the_o discourse_n itself_o but_o will_v have_v also_o disturb_v and_o take_v off_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o ordinary_a reader_n for_o who_o i_o chief_o intend_v it_o from_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o connexion_n of_o the_o thing_n therein_o contain_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a rather_o to_o cast_v they_o all_o together_o into_o a_o distinct_a part_n by_o themselves_o since_o if_o you_o be_v master_n of_o that_o former_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n you_o will_v easy_o perceive_v not_o only_o the_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n of_o mr._n h_n principle_n but_o that_o it_o be_v from_o his_o ignorance_n or_o inconsideration_n of_o this_o great_a principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n that_o he_o first_o fall_v into_o those_o error_n and_o make_v private_a self-preservation_n not_o only_o the_o first_o motive_n which_o have_v be_v true_a enough_o but_o also_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n which_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o below_o the_o dignity_n not_o only_o of_o a_o philosopher_n but_o a_o man._n i_o have_v therefore_o go_v through_o all_o his_o moral_a principle_n in_o order_n and_o as_o for_o his_o politic_a one_o if_o these_o be_v false_a they_o will_v need_v no_o other_o confutation_n and_o i_o have_v reduce_v they_o into_o certain_a head_n or_o proposition_n and_o have_v true_o give_v you_o this_o sum_n of_o argument_n that_o no_o man_n may_v find_v fault_n with_o i_o for_o misrepresent_v his_o opinion_n principle_n i._n man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n bear_v apt_a for_o society_n §_o 1._o mr._n h._n in_o his_o philosophical_a element_n or_o treatise_n de_n cive_z chap._n 1._o §_o 2._o lay_n down_o and_o maintain_v this_o principle_n and_o give_v certain_a specious_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o because_o they_o be_v somewhat_o tedious_a and_o divers_a of_o they_o very_o trivial_a i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o contract_v they_o than_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transcribe_v all_o that_o he_o have_v loose_o enough_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o assertion_n refer_v you_o if_o you_o doubt_v whether_o i_o right_o represent_v his_o meaning_n to_o the_o author_n himself_o in_o the_o place_n
for_o any_o man_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v educate_v or_o maintain_v he_o or_o otherwise_o high_o oblige_v he_o since_o the_o same_o law_n of_o gratitude_n that_o make_v it_o injurious_a to_o hurt_v or_o murder_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v also_o command_v the_o like_a duty_n towards_o any_o other_o benefactor_n §_o 4._o but_o his_o argument_n in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v much_o more_o false_a and_o precarious_a when_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n all_o which_o he_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n for_o first_o though_o i_o grant_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n that_o be_v no_o legislator_n there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o true_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n as_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n they_o be_v true_o law_n before_o any_o civil_a power_n be_v institute_v to_o make_v law_n or_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v and_o consequent_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o other_o be_v innocent_a and_o do_v we_o no_o hurt_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o life_n or_o preservation_n which_o they_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v no_o natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o right_a reason_n be_v from_o whence_o all_o justice_n be_v deduce_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o exercise_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o become_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o humane_a society_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v a_o civil_a one_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a equity_n as_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 14._o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a justice_n and_o injustice_n too_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o principle_n principle_n vi._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o good_a or_o evil._n §_o 1._o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o mr._n h_n opinion_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 6._o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o any_o man_n appetite_n or_o desire_v that_o be_v it_o which_o he_o for_o his_o part_n call_v good_a and_o the_o object_n of_o his_o hate_n and_o aversion_n evil_a and_o of_o his_o contempt_n vile_a and_o inconsiderable_a for_o these_o word_n of_o good_a evil_a and_o contemptible_a be_v ever_o use_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o simple_o and_o absolute_o so_o nor_o any_o common_a rule_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v it_o or_o from_o a_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n who_o man_n by_o disagree_v shall_v by_o consent_n set_v up_o and_o make_v his_o sentence_n the_o rule_n thereof_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o all_o his_o other_o work_n as_o in_o de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 4._o §_o 17._o in_o his_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la cap._n 11._o which_o it_o be_v tedious_a here_o to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o place_n i_o have_v here_o cite_v §_o 2._o but_o this_o he_o endeavour_v physical_o to_o explain_v in_o his_o little_a treatise_n of_o humane_a nature_n cap._n 7._o §_o 1._o compare_v with_o chap._n 3._o where_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o motion_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o conception_n of_o thing_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o judgement_n pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o there_o hinder_v or_o help_v its_o vital_a motion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o please_v or_o displease_v but_o that_o which_o so_o please_v any_o one_o he_o call_v good_a and_o that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_a and_o hence_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n or_o temperament_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o good_a that_o be_v natural_o and_o necessary_o so_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n unblamable_o from_o his_o opinion_n that_o judge_v it_o §_o 3._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h._n have_v write_v more_o loose_o and_o unlike_o a_o philosopher_n than_o these_o unstable_a opinion_n both_o of_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o have_v a_o fix_a and_o constant_a notion_n of_o good_a because_o as_o long_o as_o this_o be_v fluctuate_a and_o uncertain_a all_o knowledge_n of_o our_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a good_a of_o every_o man_n as_o also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a virtue_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o obtain_v this_o good_a will_v be_v likewise_o various_a wander_a and_o uncertain_a §_o 4._o therefore_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o because_o of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o divers_a temperament_n of_o man_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o sort_n of_o diet_n or_o medicine_n may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o one_o which_o may_v not_o prove_v so_o to_o another_o yea_o which_o experience_n have_v approve_v not_o only_o to_o be_v innocent_a but_o wholesome_a for_o other_o something_o like_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o nation_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o in_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o constitution_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o more_o take_v away_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o degree_n than_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o man_n face_n take_v away_o the_o agreement_n between_o they_o in_o their_o common_a nature_n as_o man_n or_o that_o general_a likeness_n that_o be_v between_o they_o in_o the_o conformation_n and_o use_n of_o their_o principal_a part_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbauros_fw-la which_o will_v not_o own_o that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o love_v and_o obey_v god_n than_o in_o blaspheme_v and_o disobey_v of_o he_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o filial_a duty_n towards_o parent_n gratitude_n to_o their_o benefactor_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n fidelity_n in_o their_o promise_n and_o agreement_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n no_o difference_n of_o temper_n make_v any_o man_n in_o his_o sense_n not_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o all_o man_n that_o the_o life_n liberty_n estate_n and_o member_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o kill_n or_o rob_v of_o they_o shall_v be_v everywhere_o prohibit_v under_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n or_o last_o what_o peculiar_a humour_n in_o man_n can_v make_v they_o not_o think_v it_o good_a and_o beneficial_a for_o particular_a family_n and_o nation_n that_o the_o conjugal_a fidelity_n of_o the_o marriagebed_n the_o chastity_n shall_v be_v preserve_v inviolated_a the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o those_o outward_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n or_o conduce_v to_o our_o health_n fame_n honour_n the_o education_n of_o our_o child_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n since_o in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o these_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o most_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v up_o all_o rational_a man_n do_v as_o equal_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n as_o concern_v the_o whiteness_n of_o snow_n or_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o i_o do_v not_o lay_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o these_o action_n on_o this_o general_a agreement_n since_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o true_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a both_o natural_a and_o moral_a i_o therefore_o define_v good_a in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o which_o preserve_v increase_v or_o perfect_v the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o one_o or_o more_o thing_n for_o by_o these_o effect_n that_o peculiar_a agreeableness_n of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o declare_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_o call_v good_a for_o
therein_o contain_v as_o far_o as_o consist_v with_o that_o frail_a and_o mortal_a state_n wherein_o he_o have_v create_v they_o this_o proposition_n have_v already_o be_v make_v out_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o preservation_n and_o continuance_n of_o all_o the_o species_n of_o creature_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n as_o one_o of_o they_o do_v whole_o depend_v upon_o god_n providence_n and_o as_o for_o the_o individual_n or_o particular_a person_n since_o god_n knowledge_n be_v infinite_a and_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o least_o thing_n and_o also_o that_o of_o these_o particular_n each_o species_n of_o creature_n be_v make_v up_o and_o consist_v it_o be_v likewise_o as_o evident_a that_o god_n design_n their_o good_a and_o preservation_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a kind_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o prefer_v the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a species_n before_o that_o of_o the_o individual_n 2._o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o all_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n shall_v be_v make_v conscious_a of_o this_o his_o intention_n of_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v operate_v as_o his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n towards_o this_o great_a end_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v thus_o 1._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n have_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o themselves_o 2_o that_o this_o notion_n or_o idea_n when_o true_o pursue_v will_v at_o last_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o mankind_n for_o it_o can_v never_o stop_v short_a of_o it_o as_o long_o as_o it_o may_v still_o proceed_v far_o and_o find_v new_a and_o fit_a object_n to_o work_v on_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o mankind_n make_v a_o part_n of_o this_o universal_a idea_n 3._o that_o this_o notion_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v not_o only_o possible_a to_o be_v perform_v but_o be_v also_o high_o rational_a and_o the_o great_a and_o noble_a end_n we_o can_v imagine_v or_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o as_o comprehend_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v also_o true_a i._n e._n agreeable_a with_o the_o divine_a intellect_n which_o i_o thus_o make_v out_o these_o ground_n be_v suppose_v §_o 4._o first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o the_o truth_n our_o mind_n be_v endue_v with_o or_o capable_a of_o be_v from_o god_n since_o whatever_o perfection_n be_v find_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v first_o more_o eminent_o in_o its_o cause_n therefore_o if_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n be_v a_o perfection_n as_o doubtless_o it_o be_v it_o must_v be_v much_o more_o so_o in_o god_n the_o original_a cause_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o high_a good_a we_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v it_o be_v a_o clear_a and_o perfect_a though_o complext_v idea_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a agent_n it_o must_v be_v true_a and_o consequent_o from_o god_n and_o the_o divine_a intellect_n do_v as_o certain_o agree_v with_o our_o idea_n concern_v it_o as_o it_o do_v when_o we_o judge_v that_o the_o base_a of_o a_o equilateral_a triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o either_o of_o the_o crura_fw-la or_o leg_n therefore_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v true_a and_o that_o it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o all_o truth_n be_v from_o god_n as_o likewise_o that_o he_o have_v make_v we_o true_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o will_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o act_v as_o rational_a agent_n conscious_a of_o this_o his_o great_a design_n §_o 5._o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n viz._n that_o god_n will_v have_v we_o operate_v as_o his_o instrument_n to_o this_o end_n will_v be_v likewise_o as_o clear_v when_o you_o consider_v what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o god_n who_o have_v make_v nothing_o in_o vain_a will_v not_o have_v endue_v we_o with_o a_o idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o great_a end_n we_o can_v propose_v ourselves_o for_o mere_a speculation_n but_o rather_o for_o some_o practical_a end_n in_o order_n to_o our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n with_o that_o of_o other_o especial_o since_o god_n have_v place_v it_o so_o much_o in_o our_o power_n to_o promote_v and_o procure_v this_o common_a good_a since_o as_o far_o as_o we_o endeavour_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o particular_a person_n we_o do_v so_o far_o contribute_v our_o share_n to_o that_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o one_o aggregate_v body_n thus_o whatsoever_o do_v good_a to_o any_o one_o member_n do_v so_o far_o benefit_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o a_o aggregate_v body_n consist_v of_o divers_a distinct_a member_n consist_v in_o that_o of_o each_o of_o its_o part_n so_o then_o if_o god_n intend_v the_o end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o design_v likewise_o the_o mean_n to_o produce_v it_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o better_a mean_n or_o fit_a instrument_n for_o this_o end_n than_o the_o joint_a endeavour_n of_o all_o man_n express_v by_o all_o the_o act_n of_o benevolence_n and_o kindness_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o man_n can_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o hurt_a or_o benefit_n of_o each_o other_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n put_v together_o therefore_o as_o god_n have_v design_v the_o end_n and_o ordain_v sufficient_a mean_n to_o produce_v it_o viz._n man_n kind_n and_o benevolent_a action_n so_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a that_o he_o will_v make_v use_n of_o man_n as_o the_o necessary_a mean_n for_o this_o end_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o have_v ordain_v we_o to_o operate_v not_o only_o as_o mechanic_n cause_n but_o rather_o as_o free_v and_o voluntary_a agent_n to_o produce_v it_o that_o be_v as_o true_a subject_n to_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n 24._o thus_o by_o the_o same_o step_n that_o we_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n the_o supreme_a be_v we_o be_v likewise_o bring_v to_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o his_o great_a design_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o if_o from_o all_o the_o wonderful_a observation_n and_o curious_a contrivance_n observe_v in_o this_o last_o chapter_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o mankind_n we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v by_o a_o most_o wise_a intelligent_a be_v towards_o this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o very_a same_o appearance_n that_o discover_v these_o thing_n must_v likewise_o declare_v his_o intention_n of_o make_v use_n of_o we_o man_n as_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 7._o the_o last_o proposition_n for_o the_o prove_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v true_a be_v this_o that_o god_n have_v make_v this_o discovery_n of_o his_o will_n unto_o we_o we_o thereupon_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n of_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o prove_v which_o i_o first_o suppose_v that_o obligation_n to_o a_o action_n enjoin_v by_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v the_o necessary_a and_o constant_a effect_n thereof_o upon_o every_o person_n subject_n to_o it_o and_o that_o this_o immediate_o result_v from_o its_o own_o nature_n this_o law_n be_v always_o just_a and_o right_o as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v so_o that_o i_o understand_v obligation_n to_o active_a obedience_n to_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o this_o law_n yet_o that_o it_o primary_o flow_v from_o that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o ordain_v this_o law_n and_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n subject_a to_o it_o as_o heat_n in_o we_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n or_o action_n of_o fire_n upon_o we_o but_o original_o both_o the_o fire_n and_o heat_n be_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n now_o there_o be_v no_o legal_a liberty_n leave_v we_o in_o the_o case_n of_o natural_a law_n to_o choose_v whether_o we_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o the_o action_n therein_o command_v or_o rather_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o punishment_n attend_v the_o violation_n thereof_o and_o although_o our_o natural_a liberty_n of_o will_n be_v not_o destroy_v thereby_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o right_n leave_v we_o to_o determine_v ourselves_o otherwise_o than_o natural_a law_n direct_v because_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o rectitude_n be_v comprehend_v