master_n of_o a_o family_n not_o still_o but_o that_o any_o man_n be_v except_v from_o this_o duty_n who_o be_v take_v himself_o to_o a_o chaste_a single_a life_n find_v his_o constitution_n accommodate_v thereto_o and_o that_o he_o be_v capable_a in_o that_o rather_o than_o in_o the_o marry_a state_n to_o be_v useful_a to_o mankind_n or_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o also_o if_o the_o case_n be_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o the_o want_n of_o people_n between_o those_o who_o be_v about_o to_o contract_n iu._n matrimonial_a contract_n take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o marry_a state_n a_o contract_n ought_v and_o be_v wont_a to_o intervene_v which_o if_o it_o be_v regular_a and_o perfect_a consist_v of_o these_o head_n first_o because_o the_o man_n to_o who_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o both_o sex_n that_o the_o contract_n shall_v owe_v its_o original_a intend_v hereby_o to_o get_v to_o himself_o child_n of_o his_o own_o not_o spurious_a or_o supposititious_a therefore_o the_o woman_n ought_v to_o plight_v her_o troth_n to_o the_o man_n that_o she_o will_v permit_v the_o use_n of_o her_o body_n to_o no_o other_o man_n but_o to_o he_o the_o same_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v require_v of_o the_o husband_n and_o second_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o flat_o contrary_a to_o a_o social_n and_o civil_a life_n than_o a_o vagabond_n desultory_n and_o changeable_a way_n of_o live_v without_o any_o home_n or_o certain_a seat_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o since_o the_o education_n of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o both_o be_v most_o convenient_o take_v care_n of_o by_o the_o joint_a help_n of_o both_o parent_n together_o and_o whereas_o continual_a cohabitation_n bring_v more_o of_o pleasure_n and_o comfort_n to_o a_o couple_n who_o be_v well_o match_v whereby_o also_o the_o husband_n may_v have_v the_o great_a assurance_n of_o his_o wife_n chastity_n therefore_o the_o wife_n do_v moreover_o engage_v her_o faith_n to_o her_o husband_n that_o she_o will_v always_o cohabit_v with_o he_o and_o join_v herself_o in_o the_o strict_a bond_n of_o society_n and_o become_v of_o the_o same_o family_n with_o he_o and_o this_o mutual_a promise_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v from_o the_o husband_n to_o she_o of_o the_o like_a cohabitation_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o state_n so_o require_v but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a condition_n of_o both_o sex_n that_o the_o case_n of_o the_o husband_n shall_v be_v the_o more_o honourable_a of_o the_o two_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v also_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o family_n of_o which_o himself_o be_v the_o author_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o wife_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o direction_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o their_o mutual_a state_n and_o to_o their_o household_n hence_o it_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o husband_n to_o choose_v his_o habitation_n and_o she_o may_v not_o against_o he_o will_v wander_v abroad_o or_o lodge_v apart_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v essential_o necessary_a to_o matrimony_n that_o the_o man_n shall_v have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n or_o of_o inflict_v any_o grievous_a punishment_n as_o neither_o of_o dispose_v at_o his_o pleasure_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n or_o good_n of_o his_o wife_n but_o these_o point_n may_v be_v settle_v between_o the_o marry_a couple_n by_o peculiar_a agreement_n or_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o place_n now_o though_o it_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a woman_n v._o one_o man_n and_o one_o woman_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o one_o woman_n shall_v have_v more_o man_n than_o one_o at_o once_o yet_o it_o obtain_v among_o the_o jew_n of_o old_a and_o many_o other_o nation_n that_o one_o man_n may_v have_v two_o or_o more_o wife_n nevertheless_o let_v we_o allow_v never_o so_o little_a weight_n to_o argument_n bring_v from_o the_o primitive_a institution_n of_o marriage_n deliver_v in_o holy_a writ_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o right_a reason_n that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o decent_a and_o fit_a for_o one_o man_n to_o be_v content_a with_o one_o woman_n which_o have_v be_v approve_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o christian_n through_o the_o world_n that_o we_o know_v of_o for_o so_o many_o age_n nor_o do_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o strict_a perpetual_a vi_o contract_n perpetual_a union_n tell_v we_o less_o plain_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o matrimony_n ought_v to_o be_v perpetual_a and_o not_o to_o be_v unloose_v but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o one_o party_n except_o the_o essential_a article_n of_o the_o principal_a matrimonial_a covenant_n be_v violate_v either_o by_o adultery_n or_o a_o wicked_a and_o dishonest_a desertion_n but_o for_o ill_a disposition_n which_o have_v not_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o such_o lewd_a desertion_n it_o have_v obtain_v among_o christian_n that_o a_o separation_n from_o bed_n and_o board_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a without_o allow_v any_o engagement_n in_o a_o new_a wedlock_n and_o one_o great_a reason_n hereof_o among_o other_o be_v this_o that_o too_o free_a a_o liberty_n of_o divorce_n may_v not_o give_v encouragement_n to_o either_o party_n to_o cherish_v a_o stubborn_a temper_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o irremediable_a state_n of_o each_o may_v persuade_v both_o to_o accommodate_v their_o humour_n to_o one_o another_o and_o to_o stir_v they_o both_o up_o to_o mutual_a forbearance_n for_o the_o rest_n if_o any_o essential_a article_n of_o the_o matrimonial_a contract_n be_v violate_v the_o wrong_a party_n only_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o oligation_n the_o same_o still_o bind_v the_o other_o so_o long_o as_o the_o former_a shall_v think_v good_a any_o man_n may_v contract_v with_o any_o woman_n impediment_n vii_o moral_a impediment_n where_o the_o law_n make_v no_o special_a prohibition_n if_o their_o age_n and_o constitution_n of_o body_n render_v they_o capable_a of_o matrimony_n except_o some_o moral_a impediment_n be_v in_o the_o way_n presuppose_v that_o he_o or_o she_o be_v under_o a_o moral_a impediment_n who_o be_v already_o marry_v to_o some_o other_o person_n and_o it_o be_v account_v a_o moral_a impediment_n kindred_n viii_o kindred_n of_o lawful_a matrimony_n if_o the_o party_n be_v too_o near_o ally_v by_o blood_n or_o by_o affinity_n on_o which_o score_n even_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n those_o marriage_n be_v account_v incestuous_a and_o wicked_a which_o be_v contract_v between_o any_o person_n relate_v in_o the_o ascend_v or_o descend_v line_n and_o for_o those_o in_o the_o other_o transverse_a order_n as_o with_o the_o aunt_n either_o on_o the_o father_n or_o mother_n side_n the_o sister_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o those_o in_o affinity_n as_o with_o the_o mother-in-law_n stepmother_n step-daughter_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o the_o positive_a divine_a law_n but_o that_o of_o most_o civilise_a nation_n with_o who_o also_o all_o christian_n agree_v do_v abominate_a nay_o the_o special_a law_n of_o many_o country_n forbid_v marriage_n even_o in_o the_o more_o remote_a degree_n that_o so_o they_o may_v keep_v man_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o those_o which_o be_v more_o sacred_a by_o set_v the_o barrier_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n now_o as_o the_o law_n be_v wont_a to_o assign_v ceremony_n ix_o ceremony_n to_o other_o contract_n and_o bargain_n some_o solemnity_n which_o being_n want_v the_o act_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v of_o validity_n so_o also_o it_o be_v in_o matrimony_n where_o the_o law_n require_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o decency_n and_o good_a order_n that_o such_o or_o such_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v and_o these_o though_o not_o enjoin_v by_o the_o law_n natural_a yet_o without_o the_o same_o those_o who_o be_v subject_n of_o such_o a_o community_n shall_v not_o consummate_v a_o legal_a matrimony_n or_o at_o least_o such_o contract_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a to_o be_v effectual_a it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o husband_n to_o love_v duty_n x._o mutual_a duty_n his_o wife_n to_o cherish_v direct_v and_o protect_v she_o and_o of_o the_o wife_n to_o love_v and_o honour_v her_o husband_n to_o be_v assistant_n to_o he_o not_o only_o in_o beget_v and_o educate_v his_o child_n but_o to_o bear_v her_o part_n in_o the_o domestic_a care_n on_o both_o side_n the_o nature_n of_o so_o strict_a a_o union_n require_v that_o the_o marry_a couple_n be_v partaker_n as_o well_o in_o the_o good_a as_o ill_a fortune_n of_o either_o and_o that_o one_o succour_v the_o other_o in_o all_o case_n of_o distress_n moreover_o that_o they_o prudent_o accommodate_v their_o humour_n to_o each_o other_o in_o which_o matter_n it_o be_v the_o wife_n duty_n to_o submit_v chap._n iii_o the_o duty_n of_o parent_n and_o child_n from_z matrimony_n proceed_v posterity_n authority_n i._o paternal_a authority_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o
the_o whole_a duty_n of_o man_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o that_o famous_a civilian_n samvel_n puffendorf_n professor_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n in_o the_o university_n of_o heidelberg_n and_o in_o the_o caroline_n university_n afterward_o counsellor_n and_o historiographer_n to_o the_o k._n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n of_o brandenburg_n now_o make_v english_a license_v and_o enter_v according_a to_o law_n quod_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o nescire_fw-la malum_fw-la est_fw-la agitamus_fw-la hor._n s._n 2._o 7._o london_n print_v by_o benj._n motte_n for_o charles_n harper_n at_o the_o flower-de-luce_n over-against_o s._n dunstan_n church_n fleetstreet_n mdcxci_o to_o his_o honour_a friend_n mr._n george_n white_a of_o london_n merchant_z this_o tractate_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v offer_v dedicate_v present_v by_o his_o humble_a and_o most_o oblige_a servant_n the_o translator_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o translator_n have_v observe_v in_o most_o of_o the_o dispute_n wherewith_o the_o present_a age_n be_v disquiet_v frequent_a appeal_n make_v and_o that_o very_o proper_o from_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o a_o mean_a rank_n to_o the_o everlasting_a law_n of_o nature_n give_v himself_o the_o pain_n to_o turn_v over_o several_a writer_n on_o that_o subject_a he_o chance_v he_o think_v with_o great_a reason_n to_o entertain_v a_o opinion_n that_o this_o author_n be_v the_o clear_a the_o full_a and_o the_o most_o unprejudiced_a of_o any_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o hereupon_o that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o reason_n he_o attempt_v to_o render_v the_o work_n into_o mother-tongue_n after_o he_o have_v first_o endeavour_v to_o set_v several_a better_a hand_n upon_o the_o undertake_n who_o all_o for_o one_o reason_n or_o other_o decline_v the_o toil._n he_o think_v when_o it_o be_v do_v it_o may_v be_v as_o acceptable_a to_o one_o or_o other_o to_o read_v it_o as_o it_o have_v be_v to_o himself_o to_o translate_v it_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v right_o to_o the_o author_n as_o he_o hope_v he_o have_v not_o miss_v in_o any_o material_a point_n he_o be_v very_o willing_a to_o be_v correct_v the_o work_n it_o be_v true_a be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o the_o author_n be_v large_a volume_n but_o have_v be_v extract_v and_o publish_v by_o himself_o the_o reader_n can_v be_v under_o any_o doubt_n but_o that_o he_o have_v the_o quintessence_n of_o what_o be_v there_o deliver_v what_o be_v pare_v off_o be_v most_o case_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n refutation_n of_o other_o author_n and_o some_o notion_n too_o fine_a and_o unnecessary_a for_o a_o manual_a concern_v the_o author_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v sure_o have_v as_o great_a regard_n pay_v he_o from_o personage_n of_o the_o high_a degree_n as_o perhaps_o ever_o be_v give_v to_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o man_n be_v invite_v from_o his_o native_a country_n first_o by_o the_o elector_n palatine_n to_o be_v professor_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n in_o the_o university_n of_o heidelberg_n then_o by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o honour_v his_o new-raised_a academy_n by_o accept_v the_o same_o charge_n therein_o and_o afterward_o be_v admit_v of_o the_o council_n and_o make_v historiographer_n both_o to_o the_o same_o king_n and_o to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n of_o brandenburg_n where_o except_o he_o be_v very_o late_o dead_a he_o live_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o great_a respect_n of_o all_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o understanding_n the_o author_n preface_n have_v not_o the_o custom_n which_o have_v so_o general_o obtain_v among_o learned_a man_n almost_o procure_v to_o itself_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n it_o may_v seem_v altogether_o superfluous_a to_o premise_v a_o word_n concern_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o present_a undertake_n the_o thing_n itself_o plain_o declare_v my_o whole_a design_n to_o be_v the_o give_v as_o short_a and_o yet_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o as_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a a_o compendium_n of_o the_o most_o material_a article_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o this_o lest_o if_o those_o who_o betake_v themselves_o to_o this_o sort_n of_o study_n shall_v enter_v the_o vast_a field_n of_o knowledge_n without_o have_v full_o imbibe_v the_o rudiment_n thereof_o shall_v at_o first_o sight_n be_v terrify_v and_o confound_v by_o the_o copiousness_n and_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n occur_v therein_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o seem_v plain_o a_o very_a expedient_a work_n for_o the_o public_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o youth_n especial_o shall_v be_v early_o imbue_v with_o that_o moral_a learning_n for_o which_o they_o will_v have_v such_o manifest_a occasion_n and_o so_o frequent_a use_n through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o life_n and_o although_o i_o have_v always_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o work_n deserve_v no_o great_a honour_n to_o epitomise_v the_o large_a write_n of_o other_o and_o more_o especial_o one_o own_n yet_o have_v thus_o do_v out_o of_o submission_n to_o the_o command_a authority_n of_o my_o superior_n i_o hope_v no_o honest_a man_n will_v blame_v i_o for_o have_v endeavour_v hereby_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o understanding_n of_o young_a man_n more_o particular_o to_o who_o so_o great_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o whatsoever_o work_n be_v undertake_v for_o their_o sake_n though_o it_o may_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o great_a acuteness_n or_o splendid_a eloquence_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v unworthy_a of_o any_o man_n pain_n beside_o that_o no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n will_v deny_v that_o these_o principle_n thus_o lay_v down_o be_v more_o conducive_a to_o the_o understanding_n of_o all_o law_n in_o general_n than_o any_o element_n of_o the_o law_n civil_a can_v be_v and_o this_o may_v have_v suffice_v for_o the_o present_a but_o i_o be_o mind_v by_o some_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o lay_v down_o some_o few_o particular_n which_o will_v conduce_v much_o to_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o for_o the_o better_a ascertain_v its_o just_a bound_n and_o limit_n and_o this_o i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o ready_a to_o do_v that_o i_o may_v on_o this_o occasion_n obviate_v the_o pretence_n of_o some_o overnice_a gentleman_n who_o be_v apt_a to_o pass_v their_o squeamish_a censure_n on_o this_o sort_n of_o learning_n which_o in_o many_o instance_n be_v whole_o separate_v from_o their_o province_n now_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a that_o man_n derive_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o duty_n and_o what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v or_o to_o be_v avoid_v in_o this_o life_n as_o it_o be_v from_o three_o spring_n or_o fountain-head_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o country_n and_o from_o the_o special_a revelation_n of_o almighty_a god_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o proceed_v all_o those_o most_o common_a and_o ordinary_a duty_n of_o a_o man_n more_o particular_o those_o that_o constitute_v he_o a_o sociable_a creature_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n from_o the_o second_o be_v derive_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o man_n as_o he_o be_v a_o member_n of_o any_o particular_a city_n or_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o three_o result_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a man._n and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v three_o distinct_a science_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o nation_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n peculiar_a to_o each_o country_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v as_o manifold_a and_o various_a as_o there_o be_v different_a state_n and_o government_n in_o the_o world_n the_o three_o be_v moral_a divinity_n as_o it_o be_v contra-distinct_a to_o that_o part_n of_o divinity_n which_o explain_v the_o article_n of_o our_o faith_n each_o of_o these_o science_n have_v a_o peculiar_a way_n of_o prove_v their_o maxim_n according_a to_o their_o own_o principle_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n assert_n that_o this_o or_o that_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v because_o from_o right_a reason_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o same_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o society_n among_o man_n of_o civil_a law_n and_o constitution_n the_o supreme_a reason_n be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n the_o obligation_n of_o moral_a divinity_n lie_v whole_o in_o this_o because_o god_n in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n have_v so_o command_v now_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n presuppose_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o more_o general_a science_n so_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v altogether_o silent_a we_o must_v not_o therefore_o
conclude_v that_o the_o one_o be_v any_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o in_o moral_a divinity_n some_o thing_n be_v deliver_v as_o from_o divine_a revelation_n which_o by_o our_o reason_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v and_o which_o upon_o that_o score_n be_v above_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o will_v be_v very_o absurd_a from_o hence_o to_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o or_o to_o imagine_v that_o there_o be_v any_o real_a inconsistency_n between_o these_o science_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v presuppose_v because_o so_o much_o may_v be_v infer_v from_o reason_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v in_o opposition_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o holy_a scripture_n on_o that_o subject_n deliver_v with_o great_a clearness_n but_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o abstract_a sense_n thus_o for_o example_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n abstract_v from_o the_o account_n we_o receive_v thereof_o in_o holy_a writ_n there_o may_v be_v form_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o condition_n and_o state_n of_o the_o first_o man_n as_o he_o come_v into_o the_o world_n only_o so_o far_o as_o be_v within_o the_o comprehension_n of_o humane_a reason_n now_o to_o set_v those_o thing_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o sacred_a writ_n concern_v the_o same_o state_n will_v be_v the_o great_a folly_n and_o madness_n in_o the_o world_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o reconcile_v the_o civil_a law_n with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o it_o seem_v a_o little_a more_o difficult_a to_o set_v certain_a bound_n between_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o moral_a divinity_n and_o to_o define_v in_o what_o particular_n chief_o they_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o upon_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n brief_o not_o with_o any_o papal_a authority_n as_o if_o i_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o error_n by_o any_o peculiar_a right_n or_o privilege_n neither_o as_o one_o who_o pretend_v to_o any_o enthusiastic_a revelation_n but_o only_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o discharge_v that_o province_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o ability_n and_o as_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o hear_v all_o candid_a and_o ingenuous_a person_n who_o can_v inform_v i_o better_o and_o be_o very_o ready_a to_o retract_v what_o i_o have_v say_v amiss_o so_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o pragmatical_a and_o positive_a censurer_n and_o busybody_n who_o bold_o concern_v themselves_o with_o thing_n which_o no_o way_n belong_v to_o they_o of_o these_o person_n we_o have_v a_o very_a ingenious_a character_n give_v by_o phaedrus_n they_o run_v about_o say_v he_o as_o mighty_o concern_v they_o be_v very_o busy_a even_o when_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v they_o puff_v and_o blow_v without_o any_o occasion_n they_o be_v uneasy_a to_o themselves_o and_o troublesome_a to_o every_o body_n else_o now_o the_o chief_a distinction_n whereby_o these_o science_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o proceed_v from_o the_o different_a source_n or_o spring_n whence_o each_o derive_v its_o principle_n and_o of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o discourse_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v if_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o we_o be_v enjoin_v in_o holy_a writ_n either_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v the_o necessity_n whereof_o can_v be_v discover_v by_o reason_n alone_o they_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o out_o of_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o proper_o to_o appertain_v to_o moral_a divinity_n moreover_o in_o divinity_n the_o law_n be_v consider_v as_o it_o have_v the_o divine_a promise_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o covenant_n between_o god_n and_o man_n from_o which_o consideration_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n abstract_n because_o the_o other_o derive_v itself_o from_o a_o particular_a revelation_n of_o god_n almighty_n and_o which_o reason_n alone_o can_v not_o have_v find_v out_o beside_o too_o there_o be_v this_o great_a difference_n in_o that_o the_o main_a end_n and_o design_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v include_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o life_n only_o and_o so_o thereby_o a_o man_n be_v inform_v how_o he_o be_v to_o live_v in_o society_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o moral_a divinity_n instruct_v a_o man_n how_o to_o live_v as_o a_o christian_a who_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o live_v honesty_n and_o virtuous_o in_o this_o world_n but_o be_v beside_o in_o earnest_a expectation_n of_o the_o reward_n of_o his_o piety_n after_o this_o life_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o conversation_n in_o heaven_n but_o be_v here_o only_o as_o a_o stranger_n and_o a_o pilgrim_n for_o although_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n do_v with_o very_o great_a ardency_n pursue_v after_o immortality_n and_o be_v extreme_o averse_a to_o its_o own_o destruction_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o most_o of_o the_o heathen_n have_v a_o strong_a persuasion_n of_o the_o separate_a state_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o body_n and_o that_o then_o good_a man_n shall_v be_v reward_v and_o evil_a man_n punish_v yet_o notwithstanding_o such_o a_o strong_a assurance_n of_o the_o certainty_n hereof_o upon_o which_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v firm_o and_o entire_o depend_v be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o god_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v adapt_v only_o to_o humane_a judicature_n which_o do_v not_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o this_o life_n and_o it_o will_v be_v absurd_a in_o many_o respect_n to_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o divine_a forum_n which_o concern_v itself_o only_o about_o theology_n from_o whence_o this_o also_o follow_v that_o because_o humane_a judicature_n regard_v only_o the_o external_a action_n of_o man_n but_o can_v no_o way_n reach_v the_o inward_a thought_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o do_v not_o discover_v themselves_o by_o any_o outward_a sign_n or_o effect_v therefore_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n exercise_v in_o form_v the_o outward_a action_n of_o men._n but_o moral_a divinity_n do_v not_o content_v itself_o in_o regulate_v only_o the_o exterior_a action_n but_o be_v more_o peculiarly_a intent_n in_o form_v the_o mind_n and_o its_o internal_a motion_n agreeable_a to_o the_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v disallow_v those_o very_a action_n which_o outward_o look_v well_o enough_o but_o proceed_v from_o a_o impure_a and_o corrupt_a mind_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n do_v not_o so_o frequent_o treat_v of_o those_o action_n that_o be_v enjoin_v under_o certain_a penalty_n by_o humane_a law_n as_o it_o do_v of_o those_o which_o as_o seneca_n express_v it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o any_o such_o constitution_n and_o this_o will_v manifest_o appear_v to_o those_o who_o shall_v careful_o consider_v the_o precept_n and_o virtue_n that_o be_v therein_o inculcate_v although_o even_o those_o christian_a virtue_n do_v very_o much_o dispose_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n towards_o the_o maintain_n of_o mutual_a society_n so_o likewise_o moral_a divinity_n do_v mighty_o promote_v the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o main_a duty_n that_o be_v enjoin_v we_o in_o our_o civil_a deportment_n so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v observe_v any_o one_o behave_v himself_o like_o a_o restless_a and_o troublesome_a member_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n you_o may_v fair_o conclude_v that_o the_o christian_a religion_n have_v make_v but_o a_o very_a slight_a impression_n on_o that_o person_n and_o that_o it_o have_v take_v no_o root_n in_o his_o heart_n and_o from_o these_o particular_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v easy_o discover_v not_o only_o the_o certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n which_o distinguish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v defin_n do_v it_o from_o moral_a divinity_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o sound_a divinity_n but_o be_v only_o to_o be_v abstract_v from_o some_o particular_a doctrine_n thereof_o which_o can_v be_v fathom_v by_o the_o help_n of_o reason_n alone_o from_o whence_o also_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o science_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v now_o consider_v as_o be_v deprave_v in_o his_o very_a nature_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n as_o a_o creature_n subject_a to_o many_o vile_a inclination_n for_o although_o none_o can_v be_v so_o stupid_a as_o not_o to_o discover_v in_o himself_o many_o evil_a and_o inordinate_a affection_n nevertheless_o unless_o we_o be_v inform_v so_o much_o by_o sacred_a writ_n it_o will_v not_o appear_v that_o this_o rebellion_n of_o the_o will_n be_v
occasion_v by_o the_o first_o man_n transgression_n and_o consequent_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o reach_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v above_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v very_o preposterous_a to_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o state_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v uncorrupt_a before_o the_o fall_n especial_o since_o even_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v in_o negative_a term_n do_v manifest_o presuppose_v the_o deprave_a state_n of_o man._n thus_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o commandment_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o mankind_n be_v natural_o prone_a to_o the_o belief_n of_o polytheism_n and_o idolatry_n for_o if_o you_o shall_v consider_v man_n as_o in_o his_o primitive_a state_n wherein_o he_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o peculiar_a revelation_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o can_v ever_o enter_v into_o the_o thought_n of_o such_o a_o one_o to_o frame_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o to_o which_o he_o can_v pay_v reverence_n instead_o of_o or_o together_o with_o the_o true_a god_n or_o to_o believe_v any_o divinity_n to_o reside_v in_o that_o which_o his_o own_o hand_n have_v form_v therefore_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o lay_v a_o injunction_n upon_o he_o in_o negative_a term_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o worship_v other_o god_n but_o this_o plain_a affirmative_a precept_n will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a thou_o shall_v love_v honour_n and_o adore_v god_n who_o you_o know_v to_o have_v create_v both_o yourself_o and_o the_o whole_a universe_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o three_o commandment_n for_o why_o shall_v it_o be_v forbid_v in_o a_o negative_a precept_n to_o blaspheme_v god_n to_o such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o clear_a and_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o his_o bounty_n and_o majesty_n and_o who_o be_v actuate_v by_o no_o inordinate_a affection_n and_o who_o mind_n do_v cheerful_o acquiesce_v in_o that_o condition_n wherein_o he_o be_v place_v by_o almighty_a god_n how_o can_v such_o a_o one_o be_v guilty_a of_o so_o great_a madness_n but_o he_o need_v only_o to_o have_v be_v admonish_v by_o this_o affirmative_a precept_n that_o he_o shall_v glorify_v the_o name_n of_o god_n but_o it_o seem_v otherwise_o of_o the_o four_o and_o five_o commandment_n which_o as_o they_o be_v affirmative_a precept_n neither_o do_v they_o necessary_o presuppose_v the_o deprave_a state_n of_o man_n they_o may_v be_v admit_v mankind_n be_v consider_v as_o under_o either_o condition_n but_o the_o thing_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o other_o commandment_n which_o concern_v our_o neighbour_n for_o it_o will_v suffice_v plain_o to_o have_v enjoin_v man_n consider_v as_o he_o be_v at_o first_o create_v by_o god_n that_o he_o shall_v love_v his_o neighbour_n whereto_o he_o be_v beforehand_o incline_v by_o his_o own_o nature_n but_o how_o can_v the_o same_o person_n be_v command_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o kill_v when_o death_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o fall_v on_o mankind_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o world_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o sin_n but_o now_o there_o be_v very_o great_a need_n of_o such_o a_o negative_a command_n when_o instead_o of_o love_v one_o another_o there_o be_v stir_v up_o so_o great_a feud_n and_o animosity_n among_o man_n that_o even_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v owe_v pure_o to_o envy_n or_o a_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o invade_v what_o belong_v to_o another_o so_o that_o they_o make_v no_o scruple_n not_o only_o of_o destroy_v those_o that_o be_v innocent_a but_o even_o their_o friend_n and_o such_o as_o have_v do_v they_o signal_n favour_n and_o all_o this_o forsooth_o they_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o disguise_v under_o the_o specious_a pretence_n of_o religion_n and_o conscience_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o need_n be_v there_o express_o to_o forbid_v adultery_n among_o those_o marry_a person_n who_o mutual_a love_n be_v so_o ardent_a and_o sincere_a or_o what_o occasion_n be_v there_o to_o forbid_v theft_n when_o as_o yet_o covetousness_n and_o poverty_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o do_v any_o man_n think_v that_o proper_o his_o own_o which_o may_v be_v useful_a or_o profitable_a to_o another_o or_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o forbid_v the_o bear_n false_a witness_n when_o as_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o any_o to_o be_v find_v who_o seek_v after_o honour_n and_o reputation_n to_o themselves_o by_o slander_v and_o asperse_v other_o with_o false_a and_o groundless_a calumny_n so_o that_o not_o unfit_o you_o may_v here_o apply_v the_o say_v of_o tacitus_n vetustissimi_fw-la mortalium_fw-la nulla_fw-la adhuc_fw-la prava_fw-la libidine_fw-la sine_fw-la probro_fw-la scelere_fw-la eoque_fw-la sine_fw-la poena_fw-la aut_fw-la coercitionibus_fw-la agebant_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la contra_fw-la morem_fw-la cuperent_fw-la nihil_fw-la per_fw-la metum_fw-la vetabantur_fw-la whilst_o no_o corrupt_a desire_n deprave_v mankind_n the_o first_o man_n live_v without_o sin_n and_o wickedness_n and_o therefore_o free_a from_o restraint_n and_o punishment_n and_o whereas_o they_o covet_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v their_o due_n they_o be_v bar_v from_o nothing_o by_o fear_n and_o these_o thing_n be_v right_o understand_v may_v clear_v the_o way_n for_o remove_v this_o doubt_n whether_o the_o law_n be_v different_a or_o the_o same_o in_o the_o primitive_a state_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o fall_n where_o it_o may_v be_v brief_o answer_v that_o the_o most_o material_a head_n of_o the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o in_o each_o state_n but_o that_o many_o particular_a precept_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o mankind_n or_o rather_o that_o the_o same_o summary_n of_o the_o law_n be_v explain_v by_o divers_a but_o not_o contrary_a precept_n according_a to_o the_o different_a state_n of_o man_n by_o who_o that_o law_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v our_o saviour_n reduce_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o law_n to_o two_o head_n love_n god_n and_o love_v thy_o neighbour_n to_o these_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v refer_v as_o well_o in_o the_o primitive_a as_o in_o the_o deprave_a state_n of_o man_n unless_o that_o in_o the_o primitive_a state_n there_o seem_v not_o any_o or_o a_o very_a small_a difference_n between_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o moral_a divinity_n for_o that_o mutual_a society_n which_o we_o lay_v down_o as_o a_o foundation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v very_o well_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o love_n of_o our_o neighbour_n but_o when_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_a precept_n there_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a great_a difference_n both_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o command_n and_o prohibition_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o command_n there_o be_v many_o which_o have_v place_n in_o this_o state_n of_o mankind_n which_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v necessary_a in_o the_o primitive_a state_n and_o that_o partly_o because_o they_o presuppose_v such_o a_o condition_n as_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a can_v happen_v to_o that_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o mankind_n partly_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o notion_n of_o they_o without_o admit_v misery_n and_o death_n which_o be_v unknown_a there_o as_o for_o instance_n we_o be_v now_o enjoin_v by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o to_o deceive_v one_o another_o in_o buy_v or_o sell_v not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o false_a weight_n or_o measure_n to_o repay_v money_n that_o be_v lend_v at_o the_o appoint_a time_n but_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o evident_a whether_o if_o mankind_n have_v continue_v without_o sin_n there_o will_v have_v be_v drive_v any_o trade_n and_o commerce_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o world_n or_o whether_o there_o will_v then_o have_v be_v any_o occasion_n for_o the_o use_v of_o mony_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o such_o kind_n of_o community_n as_o be_v now_o adays_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocence_n there_o will_v be_v then_o likewise_o no_o occasion_n for_o those_o law_n which_o be_v presuppose_v as_o requisite_a for_o the_o well_o order_v and_o government_n of_o such_o society_n we_o be_v also_o now_o command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o succour_v those_o that_o be_v in_o want_n to_o relieve_v those_o that_o be_v oppress_v to_o take_v care_n of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n but_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v inculcate_v these_o precept_n to_o those_o who_o be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o misery_n poverty_n or_o death_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o enjoin_v we_o to_o forgive_v injury_n and_o to_o use_v our_o utmost_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o promote_a of_o peace_n among_o mankind_n which_o will_v be_v unnecessary_a among_o those_o who_o never_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n of_o mutual_a
society_n and_o this_o too_o be_v very_o evident_a in_o the_o prohibitory_a precept_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o natural_a not_o positive_a law_n for_o although_o every_o command_n do_v virtual_o contain_v in_o itself_o a_o prohibition_n of_o the_o opposite_a vice_n as_o for_o instance_n he_o that_o be_v command_v to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n forbid_v to_o do_v such_o action_n as_o may_v any_o way_n thwart_v or_o contradict_v this_o duty_n of_o love_n yet_o it_o seem_v superfluous_a that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v ordain_v by_o express_a command_n where_o there_o be_v no_o disorderly_a inclination_n to_o excite_v man_n to_o the_o commit_v such_o wrong_n for_o the_o illustration_n of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o solon_n will_v by_o no_o public_a law_n enact_v any_o punishment_n for_o parricide_n because_o he_o think_v that_o no_o child_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o so_o horrid_a a_o impiety_n the_o like_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o what_o be_v report_v by_o francis_n lopez_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o west-indies_n chap._n 207._o concernning_n the_o people_n of_o nicaragua_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o they_o have_v not_o appoint_v any_o punishment_n for_o those_o who_o shall_v kill_v their_o prince_n because_o say_v they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o subject_a who_o will_v contrive_v or_o perpetrate_v so_o base_a a_o action_n i_o be_o afraid_a it_o may_v savour_v too_o much_o of_o affectation_n to_o enlarge_v any_o far_o in_o the_o proof_n of_o what_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o clear_a and_o evident_a yet_o i_o shall_v add_v this_o one_o example_n fit_v to_o the_o mean_a capacity_n suppose_v there_o be_v two_o child_n but_o of_o different_a disposition_n commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o a_o certain_a person_n one_o whereof_o be_v modest_a and_o bashful_a take_v great_a delight_n in_o his_o study_n the_o other_o prove_v unruly_a surly_a give_v himself_o over_o more_o to_o loose_v pleasure_n than_o to_o learning_n now_o the_o duty_n of_o both_o of_o these_o be_v the_o same_o to_o follow_v their_o study_n but_o the_o particular_a precept_n proper_a to_o each_o be_v different_a for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o advise_v the_o former_a to_o what_o kind_n of_o study_n he_o must_v apply_v himself_o at_o what_o time_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v follow_v but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o he_o must_v be_v enjoin_v under_o severe_a penalty_n not_o to_o wander_v abroad_o not_o to_o game_n not_o to_o sell_v his_o book_n not_o to_o get_v other_o to_o make_v his_o exercise_n not_o to_o play_v the_o good_a fellow_n not_o to_o run_v after_o harlot_n now_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v undertake_v in_o a_o set_a discourse_n to_o declaim_v against_o these_o thing_n to_o he_o of_o the_o contrary_a temper_n the_o child_n may_v very_o well_o enjoin_v he_o silence_n and_o bid_v he_o inculcate_v they_o to_o any_o body_n else_o rather_o than_o to_o he_o who_o take_v no_o delight_n or_o pleasure_n in_o such_o practice_n from_o whence_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o manifest_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v have_v a_o quite_o different_a face_n if_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v man_n as_o he_o be_v in_o his_o primitive_a state_n of_o innocence_n and_o now_o since_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o this_o science_n whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o moral_a divinity_n be_v so_o clear_o set_v down_o it_o ought_v at_o least_o to_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o other_o science_n as_o the_o civil_a law_n physic_n natural_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n wherein_o if_o any_o unskilful_a person_n presume_v to_o meddle_v assume_v to_o himself_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o censor_n without_o any_o authority_n he_o may_v fair_o have_v that_o object_v to_o he_o which_o be_v former_o do_v by_o apelles_n to_o megabyzus_n who_o undertake_v to_o talk_v at_o random_n about_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v pray_v say_v he_o be_v silent_a lest_o the_o boy_n laugh_v at_o you_o who_o pretend_v to_o talk_v of_o matter_n you_o do_v not_o understand_v now_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o be_o content_v to_o submit_v myself_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o discreet_a and_o intelligent_a person_n but_o as_o for_o ignorant_a and_o spiteful_a detractor_n it_o be_v better_a to_o leave_v they_o to_o themselves_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o their_o own_o folly_n and_o malice_n since_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a proverb_n the_o ethiopian_n can_v change_v his_o skin_n content_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n of_o human_a action_n pag._n 1._o ii_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o human_a action_n or_o of_o law_n in_o general_n 25_o iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 33_o iu._n of_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n towards_o god_n or_o concern_v natural_a religion_n 50_o v._n of_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n towards_o himself_o 64_o vi._n of_o the_o duty_n of_o one_o man_n towards_o another_o and_o first_o of_o do_v no_o injury_n to_o any_o man._n 88_o vii_o the_o natural_a equality_n of_o man_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v 98_o viii_o of_o the_o mutual_a duty_n of_o humanity_n 105_o ix_o the_o duty_n of_o man_n in_o make_v contract_n 112_o x._o the_o duty_n of_o man_n in_o discourse_n 131_o xi_o the_o duty_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n 138_o xii_o duty_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o acquire_v possession_n of_o thing_n 145_o xiii_o the_o duty_n which_o natural_o result_v from_o man_n property_n in_o thing_n 160_o fourteen_o of_o the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o thing_n 164_o xv._o of_o those_o contract_n in_o which_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n be_v presuppose_v and_o of_o the_o duty_n thence_o arise_v 174_o xvi_o the_o several_a method_n by_o which_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o contract_n be_v dissolve_v 191._o xvii_o of_o mean_v or_o interpretation_n 196_o book_n ii_o chap._n i._n of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o men._n 207_o ii_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o marry_v state_n 220_o iii_o the_o duty_n of_o parent_n and_o child_n 228_o iu._n the_o duty_n of_o master_n and_o servant_n 237_o v._n the_o impulsive_a cause_n of_o constitute_v community_n 241_o vi._n of_o the_o internal_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o any_o state_n or_o government_n 249_o vii_o of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o government_n 259_o viii_o of_o the_o several_a form_n of_o government_n 265_o ix_o the_o qualification_n of_o civil_a government_n 273_o x._o how_o government_n especial_o monarchical_a be_v acquire_v 276_o xi_o the_o duty_n of_o supreme_a governor_n 283_o xii_o of_o the_o special_a law_n of_o a_o community_n 293_o xiii_o of_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n 299_o fourteen_o of_o reputation_n 310_o xv._o of_o the_o power_n of_o governor_n over_o the_o good_n of_o their_o subject_n 316_o xvi_o of_o war_n and_o peace_n 319_o xvii_o of_o alliance_n 329_o xviii_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n 333_o write_v by_o the_o same_o author_n and_o translate_v by_o j._n c._n the_o history_n of_o popedom_n contain_v a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_v progress_n and_o decay_n thereof_o sell_v by_o c._n harper_n at_o the_o flower-de-luce_n over_o against_o s._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o j._n hindmarsh_n at_o the_o golden_a ball_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n cornhill_n the_o whole_a duty_n of_o man_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n book_n i._n chap._n i._o of_o human_a action_n what_o we_o mean_v here_o by_o duty_n i._o what_o be_v duty_n the_o word_n duty_n be_v that_o action_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v regular_o order_v according_a to_o some_o prescribe_a law_n so_o far_o as_o he_o be_v thereto_o oblige_v to_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o premise_v somewhat_o as_o well_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o human_a action_n as_o concern_v law_n in_o general_n by_o a_o human_a action_n we_o mean_v not_o action_n ii_o what_o a_o human_a action_n every_o motion_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o faculty_n of_o a_o man_n but_o such_o only_a as_o have_v their_o original_a and_o direction_n from_o those_o faculty_n which_o god_n almighty_a have_v endow_v mankind_n withal_o distinct_a from_o brute_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v undertake_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o will._n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o put_v in_o the_o power_n capacity_n iii_o human_a capacity_n of_o man_n to_o know_v the_o various_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n to_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o and_o from_o thence_o to_o form_n to_o himself_o new_a notion_n but_o he_o be_v able_a to_o look_v forward_o and_o to_o consider_v what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o to_o carry_v himself_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o this_o to_o do_v after_o some_o certain_a manner_n and_o to_o some_o certain_a end_n and_o then_o he_o can_v collect_v what_o will_v be_v the_o
consequence_n thereof_o beside_o he_o can_v make_v a_o judgement_n upon_o thing_n already_o do_v whether_o they_o be_v do_v agreeable_o to_o their_o rule_n not_o that_o all_o a_o man_n faculty_n do_v exert_v themselves_o continual_o or_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o some_o of_o they_o be_v stir_v up_o in_o he_o by_o a_o internal_a impulse_n and_o when_o raise_v be_v by_o the_o same_o regulate_v and_o guide_v neither_o beside_o have_v a_o man_n the_o same_o inclination_n to_o every_o object_n but_o some_o he_o desire_v and_o for_o other_o he_o have_v a_o aversion_n and_o often_o though_o a_o object_n of_o action_n be_v before_o he_o yet_o he_o suspend_v any_o motion_n towards_o it_o and_o when_o many_o object_n offer_v themselves_o he_o choose_v one_o and_o refuse_v the_o rest_n as_o for_o that_o faculty_n therefore_o of_o comprehend_v understanding_n iu._n human_a understanding_n and_o judge_v of_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o understanding_n it_o must_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v first_o of_o all_o that_o every_o man_n of_o a_o mature_a age_n and_o entire_a sense_n have_v so_o much_o natural_a light_n in_o he_o as_o that_o with_o necessary_a care_n and_o due_a consideration_n he_o may_v right_o comprehend_v at_o least_o those_o general_a precept_n and_o principle_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o order_n to_o pass_v our_o life_n here_o honest_o and_o quiet_o and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v that_o these_o be_v congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n for_o if_o this_o at_o least_o be_v not_o admit_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o our_o humane_a forum_n man_n may_v pretend_v a_o invincible_a ignorance_n for_o all_o their_o miscarriage_n because_o no_o man_n in_o judicature_n in_o civil_a judicature_n foro_fw-la humano_fw-la can_v be_v condemn_v for_o have_v violate_v a_o law_n which_o it_o be_v above_o his_o capacity_n to_o comprehend_v the_o understanding_n of_o man_n when_o probable_a v._o conscience_n right_o inform_v and_o probable_a it_o be_v right_o inform_v concern_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v and_o this_o so_o as_o that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o give_v certain_a and_o undoubted_a reason_n for_o his_o opinion_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v conscience_n true_o guide_v but_o when_o a_o man_n have_v indeed_o entertain_v the_o true_a opinion_n about_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o to_o be_v do_v the_o truth_n whereof_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v good_a by_o reason_v but_o he_o either_o draw_v such_o his_o notion_n from_o his_o education_n way_n of_o live_v custom_n or_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o person_n wise_a or_o better_a than_o himself_o and_o yet_o no_o reason_n appear_v to_o he_o that_o can_v persuade_v the_o contrary_a this_o use_n to_o be_v call_v conscientia_fw-la probabilis_fw-la conscience_n ground_v upon_o probability_n and_o by_o this_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v govern_v it_o be_v the_o good_a fortune_n of_o few_o to_o be_v able_a to_o inquire_v into_o and_o to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n and_o yet_o it_o chance_v often_o to_o some_o doubt_v vi_o conscience_n doubt_v man_n especial_o in_o singular_a case_n that_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v on_o both_o side_n and_o they_o not_o be_v master_n of_o sufficient_a judgement_n to_o discern_v clear_o which_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o weighty_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o doubt_a conscience_n in_o which_o case_n this_o be_v the_o rule_n as_o long_o as_o the_o understanding_n be_v unsatisfied_a and_o in_o doubt_n whether_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v be_v good_a or_o evil_n the_o do_v of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v defer_v for_o to_o set_v about_o do_v it_o before_o the_o doubt_n be_v answer_v imply_v a_o sinful_a design_n or_o at_o least_o a_o neglect_n of_o the_o law_n man_n also_o oftentimes_o have_v wrong_a apprehension_n error_n vii_o error_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o take_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v false_a and_o then_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o this_o be_v call_v vincible_a error_n when_o a_o man_n by_o apply_v due_a attention_n and_o diligence_n may_v have_v prevent_v his_o fall_n thereinto_o and_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v invincible_a error_n when_o the_o person_n with_o the_o utmost_a diligence_n and_o care_n that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o life_n can_v not_o have_v avoid_v it_o but_o this_o sort_n of_o error_n at_o least_o among_o those_o who_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o improve_v the_o light_n of_o reason_n and_o to_o lead_v their_o life_n regular_o happen_v not_o in_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o live_v but_o only_o in_o peculiar_a matter_n for_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v plain_a and_o that_o legislator_n who_o make_v positive_a law_n both_o do_v and_o aught_o to_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n that_o they_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o those_o who_o be_v to_o give_v obedience_n to_o they_o so_o that_o this_o sort_n of_o error_n proceed_v only_o from_o a_o supine_n negligence_n but_o in_o particular_a affair_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o some_o error_n to_o be_v admit_v against_o the_o will_n and_o without_o any_o fault_n of_o the_o person_n concern_v the_o object_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n but_o where_o knowledge_n simple_o be_v ignorance_n viii_o ignorance_n want_v it_o be_v call_v ignorance_n which_o be_v two_o way_n to_o be_v consider_v first_o as_o it_o contribute_v somewhat_o to_o the_o action_n and_o next_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o person_n either_o against_o his_o will_n or_o not_o without_o his_o own_o fault_n in_o the_o first_o respect_n ignorance_n use_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o efficacious_a and_o concomitant_a that_o be_v such_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v the_o present_a action_n have_v not_o be_v undertake_v this_o though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v it_o lâ—â—d_v not_o hinder_v the_o undertake_n in_o the_o latter_a respect_n the_o ignorance_n be_v either_o voluntary_a or_o involuntary_a the_o first_o be_v when_o it_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o person_n he_o reject_v the_o mean_n of_o know_v the_o truth_n or_o suffer_v it_o to_o come_v upon_o he_o by_o not_o use_v such_o diligence_n as_o be_v necessary_a the_o latter_a be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o which_o he_o can_v not_o nor_o be_v oblige_v to_o know_v and_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_a for_o either_o a_o man_n may_v indeed_o not_o be_v able_a to_o help_v his_o ignorance_n for_o the_o present_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v to_o blame_v because_o he_o continue_v in_o such_o a_o state_n or_o else_o he_o may_v not_o only_o be_v for_o the_o present_a unable_a to_o conquer_v his_o ignorance_n but_o may_v also_o be_v blameless_a that_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o such_o a_o condition_n the_o other_o faculty_n which_o do_v peculiar_o will._n ix_o the_o will._n distinguish_v man_n from_o brute_n be_v call_v the_o will_n by_o which_o as_o with_o a_o internal_a impulse_n man_n move_v himself_o to_o action_n and_o choose_v that_o which_o best_o please_v he_o and_o reject_v that_o which_o seem_v unfit_a for_o he_o man_n therefore_o have_v thus_o much_o from_o his_o will_n first_o that_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o act_v willing_o that_o be_v he_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o any_o intrinsic_a necessity_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o but_o be_v himself_o the_o author_n of_o his_o own_o action_n next_o that_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o act_v free_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o proposal_n of_o one_o object_n he_o may_v act_v or_o not_o act_v and_o either_o entertain_v or_o reject_v or_o if_o divers_a object_n be_v propose_v he_o may_v choose_v one_o and_o refuse_v the_o rest_n now_o whereas_o among_o human_a action_n some_o be_v undertake_v for_o their_o own_o sake_n other_o because_o they_o subserve_v to_o the_o attain_n of_o somewhat_o far_o that_o be_v some_o be_v as_o the_o end_n and_o other_o as_o mean_n as_o for_o the_o end_n the_o will_n be_v thus_o far_o concern_v that_o be_v once_o know_v this_o first_o approve_v it_o and_o then_o move_v vigorous_o towards_o the_o achieve_v thereof_o as_o it_o be_v drive_v at_o it_o with_o more_o or_o less_o earnestness_n and_o this_o end_v once_o obtain_v it_o sit_v down_o quiet_o and_o enjoy_v its_o acquist_n with_o pleasure_n for_o the_o mean_n they_o be_v first_o to_o be_v approve_v than_o such_o as_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o purpose_n be_v choose_v and_o at_o last_o be_v apply_v to_o use_v but_o as_o man_n be_v account_v to_o be_v the_o unforced_a x._o the_o will_v unforced_a author_n of_o his_o own_o action_n because_o they_o be_v voluntary_o undertake_v by_o himself_o so_o this_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o will_n to_o wit_n that_o its_o spontaneity_n or_o natural_a freedom_n be_v at_o least_o to_o be_v assert_v in_o those_o action_n
perform_v so_o it_o will_v be_v silly_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o put_v a_o restraint_n upon_o the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o the_o will_n of_o any_o man_n if_o no_o one_o shall_v receive_v any_o benefit_n therefrom_o but_o though_o a_o law_n do_v strict_o include_v dispense_v ix_o power_n of_o dispense_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o legislator_n who_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o and_o who_o the_o say_a legislator_n at_o first_o intend_v not_o to_o be_v exempt_v yet_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o particular_a person_n may_v be_v clear_v of_o any_o obligation_n to_o such_o law_n and_o this_o be_v call_v dispense_v but_o as_o he_o only_o may_v dispense_v in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v and_o abrogate_v the_o law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v lest_o by_o too_o frequent_a dispensation_n and_o such_o as_o be_v grant_v without_o very_o weighty_a reason_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n be_v shake_v and_o occasion_n be_v give_v of_o envy_n and_o animosity_n among_o subject_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o equity_n x._o equity_n equity_n and_o dispense_v equity_n be_v a_o correction_n of_o that_o in_o which_o the_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o general_n comprehension_n be_v deficient_a or_o a_o apt_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o peculiar_a case_n which_o be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o universal_a law_n because_o if_o it_o be_v some_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o case_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o infinite_a variety_n shall_v be_v either_o foresee_v or_o explicit_o provide_v for_o therefore_o the_o judge_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o apply_v the_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n to_o special_a case_n aught_o to_o except_v such_o from_o the_o influence_n of_o they_o as_o the_o lawgiver_n himself_o will_v have_v except_v if_o he_o be_v present_a or_o have_v foresee_v such_o case_n now_o the_o action_n of_o man_n obtain_v certain_a bad_a xi_o action_n allowable_a good_a and_o bad_a quality_n and_o denomination_n from_o their_o relation_n to_o and_o agreement_n with_o the_o law_n of_o morality_n and_o all_o those_o action_n concern_v which_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v nothing_o on_o either_o side_n be_v call_v allowable_a or_o permit_v although_o sometime_o in_o ordinary_a lawcase_n where_o all_o matter_n can_v be_v examine_v with_o the_o great_a accuracy_n those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v allowable_a upon_o which_o the_o law_n have_v not_o assign_v some_o punishment_n though_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o repugnant_a to_o natural_a honesty_n and_o then_o those_o action_n which_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n be_v good_a those_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o it_o be_v call_v bad_a but_o that_o any_o action_n shall_v be_v good_a it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o be_v exact_o agreeable_a in_o every_o point_n to_o the_o law_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v evil_a if_o it_o be_v deficient_a in_o one_o point_n only_o as_o for_o justice_n it_o be_v sometime_o the_o attribute_n person_n xii_o justice_n of_o person_n of_o action_n sometime_o of_o person_n when_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o person_n it_o be_v usual_o define_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a desire_n of_o give_v every_o one_o their_o own_o for_o he_o be_v call_v a_o just_a man_n who_o be_v delight_v in_o do_v righteous_a thing_n who_o study_v justice_n and_o in_o all_o his_o action_n endeavour_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o unjust_a man_n be_v he_o that_o neglect_v the_o give_v every_o man_n his_o own_o or_o if_o he_o do_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v due_a but_o from_o expectation_n of_o advantage_n to_o himself_o so_o that_o a_o just_a man_n may_v sometime_o do_v unjust_a thing_n and_o a_o unjust_a man_n that_o which_o be_v just_a but_o the_o just_a do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a because_o he_o be_v so_o command_v by_o the_o law_n and_o act_v the_o contrary_a only_o through_o infirmity_n whereas_o the_o wicked_a man_n do_v a_o just_a thing_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o command_n but_o he_o act_v wrongful_o from_o the_o naughtiness_n of_o his_o heart_n but_o when_o justice_n be_v attribute_v to_o action_n xiii_o of_o action_n action_n than_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o right_a application_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o just_a action_n do_v of_o choice_n or_o know_o and_o witting_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v due_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n of_o action_n differ_v from_o goodness_n chief_o in_o this_o that_o the_o latter_a simple_o denote_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o law_n whereas_o justice_n also_o include_v the_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o those_o person_n upon_o who_o they_o be_v exercise_v upon_o which_o account_n justice_n be_v call_v a_o relative_n virtue_n man_n do_v not_o general_o agree_v about_o justice_n fourteen_o division_n of_o justice_n the_o division_n of_o justice_n the_o most_o receive_a distinction_n be_v into_o universal_a and_o particular_a the_o first_o be_v when_o every_o duty_n be_v practise_v and_o all_o right_n do_v to_o other_o even_o that_o which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n or_o by_o the_o rigour_n of_o law_n the_o latter_a be_v when_o that_o justice_n only_o be_v do_v a_o man_n which_o in_o his_o own_o right_n he_o can_v have_v demand_v and_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o distributive_a and_o commutative_a the_o distributive_a take_v place_n in_o contract_n make_v between_o a_o society_n and_o its_o member_n concern_v fair_a partition_n of_o loss_n and_o gain_n according_a to_o a_o rate_n the_o commutative_a be_v most_o in_o bargain_n make_v upon_o even_a hand_n about_o thing_n and_o do_n relate_v to_o traffic_n and_o deal_v know_v thus_o what_o justice_n be_v what_o xv._o injustice_n what_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v what_o be_v injustice_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o such_o a_o unjust_a action_n be_v call_v wrong-doing_a which_o be_v premeditately_a undertake_v and_o by_o which_o a_o violence_n be_v do_v upon_o somewhat_o which_o of_o absolute_a right_n be_v another_o man_n due_a or_o which_o by_o like_a right_n he_o one_o way_n or_o other_o stand_v possess_v of_o and_o this_o wrong_n may_v be_v do_v after_o a_o threefold_a manner_n 1._o if_o that_o be_v deny_v to_o another_o which_o in_o his_o own_o right_n he_o may_v demand_v not_o account_v that_o which_o from_o courtesy_n or_o the_o like_a virtue_n may_v be_v another_o due_n or_o 2._o if_o that_o be_v take_v away_o from_o another_o of_o which_o by_o the_o same_o right_n then_o valid_a against_o the_o invader_n he_o be_v in_o full_a possession_n or_o 3._o if_o any_o damage_n be_v do_v to_o another_o which_o we_o have_v not_o authority_n to_o do_v to_o he_o beside_o which_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o injustice_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o there_o be_v a_o naughty_a mind_n and_o a_o evil_a design_n in_o he_o that_o act_v it_o for_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o these_o in_o it_o then_o it_o be_v only_o call_v misfortune_n or_o a_o fault_n and_o that_o be_v so_o much_o slight_a or_o more_o grievous_a as_o the_o sloth_n and_o negligence_n which_o occasion_v it_o be_v great_a or_o less_o law_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o author_n distinguish_v xvi_o law_n distinguish_v be_v distinguish_v into_o divine_a and_o humane_a that_o proceed_v from_o god_n and_o this_o from_o man_n but_o if_o law_n be_v consider_v as_o they_o have_v a_o necessary_a and_o universal_a congruity_n with_o mankind_n they_o be_v then_o distinguish_v into_o natural_a and_o positive_a the_o former_a be_v that_o which_o be_v so_o agreeable_a with_o the_o rational_a and_o sociable_a nature_n of_o man_n that_o honest_a and_o peaceable_a society_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v up_o among_o mankind_n without_o it_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o may_v be_v seek_v out_o and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o acquire_v by_o the_o light_n of_o that_o reason_n which_o be_v bear_v with_o every_o man_n and_o by_o a_o consideration_n of_o human_a nature_n in_o general_n the_o latter_a be_v that_o which_o take_v not_o its_o rise_n from_o the_o common_a condition_n of_o human_a nature_n but_o only_o from_o the_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o legislator_n not_o that_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v without_o its_o reason_n but_o shall_v carry_v with_o it_o advantage_n to_o those_o man_n or_o that_o society_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v now_o the_o law_n divine_a be_v either_o natural_a or_o positive_a but_o all_o human_a law_n strict_o take_v be_v positive_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o man_n who_o have_v
allowance_n and_o limitation_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v away_o another_o man_n life_n when_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o we_o after_o a_o more_o convenient_a way_n to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n we_o be_v in_o yet_o in_o consideration_n of_o that_o great_a perturbation_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v occasion_v upon_o the_o appearance_n of_o imminent_a mischief_n it_o be_v not_o usual_a to_o be_v overrigorous_a in_o the_o examination_n of_o these_o matter_n for_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o a_o man_n tremble_v under_o the_o apprehension_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o find_v out_o so_o exact_o all_o those_o way_n of_o escape_v which_o to_o one_o who_o sedate_o consider_v the_o case_n may_v be_v plain_a enough_o hence_o though_o it_o be_v rashness_n for_o i_o to_o come_v out_o of_o a_o safe_a hold_v to_o he_o who_o shall_v challenge_v i_o yet_o if_o another_o shall_v set_v upon_o i_o in_o a_o open_a place_n i_o be_o not_o straight_o oblige_v to_o be_v take_v myself_o to_o flight_n except_o there_o be_v at_o hand_n such_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n as_o i_o may_v withdraw_v into_o without_o peril_n neither_o be_o i_o always_o bind_v to_o retire_v because_o than_o i_o turn_v my_o defenceless_a back_n and_o there_o may_v be_v hazard_n of_o fall_v beside_o that_o have_v once_o lose_v my_o posture_n i_o can_v hardly_o recover_v it_o again_o but_o as_o the_o plea_n of_o self-defence_n be_v allow_v to_o that_o person_n who_o shall_v thus_o encounter_v danger_n when_o he_o be_v go_v about_o his_o lawful_a business_n whereas_o if_o he_o have_v stay_v at_o home_n he_o have_v be_v safe_a enough_o so_o it_o be_v deny_v to_o he_o who_o be_v challenge_v to_o a_o duel_n shall_v by_o appear_v set_v himself_o in_o that_o condition_n that_o except_o he_o kill_v his_o adversary_n himself_o must_v be_v slay_v for_o the_o law_n have_v forbid_v his_o venture_n into_o such_o danger_n any_o excuse_n on_o account_n thereof_o be_v not_o to_o be_v regard_v member_n fourteen_o defence_n of_o member_n what_o may_v be_v do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o life_n may_v also_o for_o the_o member_n so_o as_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v for_o a_o honest_a man_n who_o shall_v kill_v a_o russian_a that_o perhaps_o have_v no_o far_a intention_n than_o to_o maim_v he_o or_o give_v he_o some_o grievous_a wound_n for_o all_o mankind_n do_v natural_o abhor_v to_o be_v maim_v or_o wound_v and_o the_o cut_n off_o any_o especial_o of_o the_o more_o noble_a member_n be_v often_o not_o of_o much_o less_o value_n than_o life_n itself_o beside_o we_o be_v not_o sure_a beforehand_o whether_o upon_o such_o wound_a and_o maim_v death_n may_v not_o follow_v and_o to_o endure_v this_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o patience_n that_o surpass_v the_o ordinary_a constancy_n of_o man_n to_o which_o no_o man_n be_v regular_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n only_o to_o gratify_v the_o outrageous_a humour_n of_o a_o rogue_n moreover_o what_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v chastity_n xv._o defence_n of_o chastity_n do_v for_o preservation_n of_o life_n be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v so_o for_o chastity_n since_o there_o can_v be_v a_o more_o horrid_a abuse_n offer_v to_o a_o honest_a woman_n than_o to_o force_v she_o out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v keep_v undefiled_a be_v esteem_v the_o great_a glory_n of_o their_o sex_n and_o to_o put_v upon_o she_o a_o necessity_n of_o raise_v a_o offspring_n to_o her_o enemy_n out_o of_o her_o own_o blood_n as_o for_o defence_n of_o good_n or_o estate_n this_o estate_n xvi_o defence_n of_o good_n estate_n may_v among_o those_o who_o be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o natural_a liberty_n go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o invader_n provide_v what_o be_v in_o controversy_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n contemptible_a for_o without_o thing_n necessary_a we_o can_v keep_v ourselves_o alive_a and_o he_o equal_o declare_v himself_o my_o enemy_n who_o wrongful_o seize_v my_o estate_n as_o he_o that_o attempt_v upon_o my_o life_n but_o in_o community_n where_o what_o be_v ravish_v from_o we_o may_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o civil_a authority_n be_v recover_v this_o be_v not_o regular_o allow_v unless_o in_o such_o case_n when_o he_o that_o come_v to_o take_v away_o what_o we_o have_v can_v be_v bring_v to_o justice_n on_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o we_o may_v lawful_o kill_v highwayman_n and_o night-robber_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o self-defence_n in_o injure_v xvi_o self-defence_n in_o he_o that_o first_o injure_v those_o who_o without_o provocation_n be_v unjust_o invade_v by_o other_o but_o for_o he_o who_o have_v first_o do_v a_o injury_n to_o another_o he_o can_v only_o then_o right_o defend_v himself_o with_o force_n and_o hurt_v the_o other_o again_o when_o have_v repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v he_o have_v offer_v reparation_n of_o the_o wrong_n and_o security_n for_o the_o future_a yet_o he_o who_o be_v first_o injure_v shall_v out_o of_o ill_a nature_n refuse_v the_o same_o and_o endeavour_v to_o revenge_v himself_o by_o violence_n last_o self-preservation_n be_v of_o so_o much_o necessity_n xviii_o self-preservation_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n regard_n that_o if_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v have_v in_o many_o case_n it_o exempt_v we_o from_o our_o obedience_n to_o the_o stand_a law_n and_o on_o this_o score_n it_o be_v that_o necessity_n be_v say_v to_o have_v no_o law_n for_o see_v man_n be_v natural_o inspirited_a with_o such_o a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o preserve_v himself_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v presume_v that_o there_o be_v any_o obligation_n lay_v upon_o he_o to_o which_o he_o be_v to_o sacrifice_v his_o own_o safety_n for_o though_o not_o only_a god_n but_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n when_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v it_o may_v lay_v upon_o we_o so_o strict_a a_o injunction_n that_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o vary_v a_o tittle_n from_o it_o yet_o the_o general_a obligation_n of_o law_n be_v not_o hold_v to_o be_v so_o rigorous_a for_o the_o legislator_n or_o those_o who_o first_o introduce_v rule_n for_o mankind_n to_o act_v by_o make_v it_o their_o design_n to_o promote_v the_o safety_n and_o common_a good_a of_o man_n must_v regular_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v before_o their_o eye_n the_o condition_n of_o human_a nature_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v how_o impossible_a it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n not_o to_o shun_v and_o keep_v off_o all_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o his_o own_o destruction_n hence_o those_o law_n especial_o call_v positive_a and_o all_o human_a institution_n be_v judge_v to_o except_v case_n of_o necessity_n or_o not_o to_o oblige_v when_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o must_v be_v accompany_v with_o some_o evil_n which_o be_v destructive_a to_o human_a nature_n or_o not_o tolerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a constancy_n of_o man_n unless_o it_o be_v express_o so_o order_v or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n require_v that_o even_o that_o also_o must_v be_v undergo_v not_o that_o necessity_n justify_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o law_n and_o commission_n of_o sin_n but_o it_o be_v presume_v from_o the_o favourable_a intention_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o consideration_n of_o man_n nature_n that_o case_n of_o necessity_n be_v not_o include_v in_o the_o general_a word_n of_o a_o law_n this_o will_v be_v plain_a by_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o though_o otherwise_o man_n have_v no_o such_o member_n xix_o cut_v off_o member_n power_n over_o his_o own_o member_n as_o that_o he_o may_v lose_v or_o maim_v any_o of_o they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n yet_o he_o be_v justifiable_a in_o cut_v off_o a_o gangrened_a limb_n in_o order_n to_o save_v the_o whole_a body_n or_o to_o preserve_v those_o part_n which_o be_v sound_a or_o lest_o the_o other_o member_n be_v render_v useless_a by_o a_o dead_a and_o cumbersome_a piece_n of_o flesh_n if_o in_o a_o shipwreck_n more_o man_n leap_v into_o many_o xx._n one_o lose_v to_o save_v many_o the_o boat_n than_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o carry_v and_o no_o one_o have_v more_o right_a than_o another_o to_o it_o they_o may_v draw_v lot_n who_o shall_v be_v cast_v overboard_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v his_o chance_n he_o may_v be_v throw_v over_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n as_o one_o that_o seek_v the_o destruction_n of_o all_o if_o two_o happen_v into_o imminent_a danger_n of_o self_n xxi_o one_o lose_v to_o save_v self_n their_o life_n where_o both_o must_v perish_v one_o may_v as_o he_o see_v good_a hasten_v the_o death_n of_o the_o other_o that_o he_o may_v save_v himself_o for_o instance_n if_o i_o who_o be_o a_o skilful_a swimmer_n shall_v fall_v into_o some_o deep_a water_n with_o another_o who_o can_v not_o swim_v at_o all_o and_o he_o cling_v about_o i_o i_o not_o be_v strong_a
physic_n to_o soften_v the_o obstinate_a or_o to_o divert_v the_o evil_a intention_n of_o another_o and_o the_o like_a or_o if_o the_o secret_n and_o resolution_n of_o a_o community_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v from_o public_a knowledge_n we_o may_v raise_v false_a rumour_n in_o order_n to_o conceal_v they_o and_o to_o mislead_v the_o importunate_a curiosity_n of_o other_o or_o if_o we_o have_v a_o enemy_n who_o by_o open_a force_n we_o can_v annoy_v we_o may_v by_o way_n of_o stratagem_n make_v use_v of_o any_o lie_a tale_n to_o do_v he_o mischief_n on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o any_o man_n be_v etc._n x._o part_n of_o the_o truth_n etc._n etc._n bind_v in_o duty_n to_o signify_v plain_o his_o true_a meaning_n to_o another_o he_o be_v not_o without_o blame_n if_o he_o discover_v only_o a_o part_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o amuse_v he_o with_o ambiguous_a discourse_n or_o use_v some_o mental_a reservation_n not_o allow_v in_o the_o common_a conversation_n of_o man_n chap._n xi_o the_o duty_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n all_o man_n agree_v in_o the_o opinion_n that_o oath_n i._o a_o oath_n a_o oath_n give_v a_o great_a additional_a confirmation_n to_o all_o our_o assertion_n and_o to_o those_o action_n which_o depend_v upon_o our_o discourse_n a_o oath_n be_v a_o religious_a asseveration_n by_o which_o we_o disavow_v the_o divine_a clemency_n or_o imprecate_v to_o ourselves_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n if_o we_o speak_v not_o the_o truth_n now_o when_o a_o alwise_a and_o a_o almighty_a witness_n and_o guaranty_n be_v invoke_v it_o cause_v a_o strong_a presumption_n of_o the_o truth_n because_o no_o man_n can_v easy_o be_v think_v so_o wicked_a as_o to_o dare_v rash_o to_o call_v down_o upon_o himself_o the_o grievous_a indignation_n of_o the_o deity_n hence_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o take_v the_o same_o with_o awful_a reverence_n and_o religious_o to_o observe_v what_o they_o have_v swear_v now_o the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o a_o oath_n be_v use_v ii_o the_o end_n and_o use_v chief_o this_o to_o oblige_v man_n the_o more_o firm_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n or_o to_o make_v good_a their_o promise_n and_o contract_v out_o of_o a_o awe_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v who_o be_v infinite_o wise_a and_o powerful_a who_o vengeance_n they_o imprecate_v to_o themselves_o when_o they_o swear_v if_o they_o witting_o be_v guilty_a of_o deceit_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o fear_n of_o what_o man_n can_v do_v may_v not_o be_v sufficient_a because_o possible_o they_o may_v hope_v to_o oppose_v or_o escape_v their_o power_n or_o to_o beguile_v their_o understanding_n and_o since_o nothing_o but_o the_o deity_n be_v what_o iii_o swear_v by_o what_o omniscient_a and_o almighty_a it_o be_v absurd_a to_o swear_v by_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o divinity_n in_o this_o sense_n as_o to_o call_v upon_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o oath_n and_o a_o avenger_n of_o the_o perjury_n though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v common_a to_o name_v in_o oath_n some_o certain_a thing_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o swear_v in_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o implore_v god_n if_o he_o swear_v false_o to_o execute_v his_o vengeance_n upon_o that_o thing_n chief_o as_o be_v most_o dear_a and_o of_o great_a value_n to_o he_o who_o swear_v accommodate_v iu_o form_n how_o to_o be_v accommodate_v in_o oath_n the_o form_n which_o be_v prescribe_v by_o which_o the_o person_n swear_v invoke_v god_n as_o a_o witness_n and_o a_o avenger_n be_v to_o be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o say_v swearer_n that_o be_v to_o that_o persuasion_n and_o opinion_n of_o god_n which_o he_o be_v of_o for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o make_v a_o man_n swear_v by_o a_o god_n who_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v and_o consequent_o do_v not_o fear_n but_o no_o man_n suppose_v himself_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n in_o any_o other_o form_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o notion_n than_o that_o which_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o his_o religion_n which_o in_o his_o opinion_n be_v the_o true_a hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n which_o yet_o himself_o take_v to_o be_v true_a one_o shall_v however_o be_v oblige_v and_o if_o he_o break_v his_o word_n shall_v be_v account_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n because_o he_o set_v the_o general_a notion_n of_o the_o deity_n before_o his_o eye_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o singular_a conception_n he_o may_v have_v thereof_o and_o so_o have_v know_o forswear_v himself_o he_o have_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v violate_v the_o reverence_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o divine_a majesty_n that_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a vi_o deliberation_n necessary_a necessary_a it_o be_v take_v with_o deliberation_n whence_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v by_o a_o oath_n who_o mere_o recite_v it_o or_o speak_v in_o the_o first_o person_n dictate_v the_o concept_n formal_a word_n thereof_o to_o another_o who_o be_v to_o say_v after_o he_o but_o he_o who_o shall_v serious_o behave_v himself_o as_o one_o that_o be_v about_o to_o swear_v solemn_o shall_v be_v oblige_v whatsoever_o mental_a reservation_n he_o all_o the_o while_n may_v harbour_v in_o his_o mind_n for_o otherwise_o all_o oath_n nay_o all_o method_n of_o mutual_a obligation_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o plain_a signification_n will_v be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o humane_a life_n if_o any_o man_n by_o his_o tacit_n intention_n can_v hinder_v such_o a_o act_n from_o produce_v those_o effect_n which_o be_v the_o very_a design_n of_o its_o be_v do_v oath_n do_v not_o of_o themselves_o produce_v oblige_v vi_o oath_n how_o oblige_v any_o new_a and_o particular_a obligation_n but_o be_v superinduce_v upon_o a_o obligation_n that_o be_v before_o valid_a as_o a_o accessional_a strength_n to_o the_o engagement_n for_o always_o when_o we_o swear_v we_o have_v somewhat_o under_o our_o contemplation_n which_o not_o make_v good_a we_o provoke_v the_o divine_a wrath_n upon_o ourselves_o and_o this_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v if_o it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a not_o to_o perform_v what_o be_v suppose_v and_o consequent_o not_o oblige_v so_o to_o do_v beforehand_o though_o sometime_o it_o must_v be_v allow_v that_o the_o prime_a engagement_n and_o the_o oath_n too_o may_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o same_o sentence_n as_o thus_o as_o god_n help_v i_o i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o hundred_o pound_n where_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o superfluous_a albeit_o it_o be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n that_o be_v valid_a of_o it_o self_n because_o though_o every_o good_a man_n believe_v a_o bare_a promise_n to_o oblige_v yet_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o more_o firm_a when_o it_o be_v reinforce_v with_o a_o imprecation_n of_o vengeance_n from_o above_o upon_o a_o failure_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o any_o act_n which_o have_v natural_o a_o flaw_n in_o themselves_o can_v be_v make_v obligatory_a by_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o neither_o can_v a_o subsequent_a oath_n avoid_v a_o former_a legitimate_a engagement_n or_o annul_v that_o right_n which_o another_o may_v claim_v thereby_o thus_o a_o man_n will_v swear_v in_o vain_a not_o to_o pay_v another_o person_n what_o be_v just_o due_a to_o he_o nor_o will_v a_o oath_n be_v of_o any_o validity_n where_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o juror_n upon_o supposition_n of_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o real_o so_o and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v so_o swear_v have_v not_o he_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v do_v especial_o if_o he_o be_v cajole_v into_o such_o his_o error_n by_o the_o craft_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v neither_o shall_v he_o who_o by_o set_v i_o under_o panic_n fear_v force_n i_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n have_v any_o good_a title_n to_o require_v my_o performance_n farthermore_o a_o oath_n shall_v have_v no_o obligation_n upon_o i_o to_o do_v any_o unlawful_a act_n or_o to_o omit_v the_o perform_v any_o duty_n enjoin_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man._n last_o a_o oath_n can_v alter_v the_o nature_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o contract_n or_o promise_v to_o which_o it_o be_v annex_v hence_o it_o can_v oblige_v to_o impossibility_n again_o a_o conditional_a promise_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o change_v into_o positive_a or_o absolute_a and_o to_o a_o swear_a promise_n as_o well_o as_o to_o one_o without_o a_o oath_n acceptance_n from_o the_o other_o party_n be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o obligatory_a but_o the_o take_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v this_o punishment_n vii_o punishment_n effect_n among_o man_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o that_o