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law_n moral_a nature_n positive_a 4,914 5 10.3383 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A43978 De corpore politico, or, The elements of law, moral and politick with discourses upon severall heads, as of [brace] the law of nature, oathes and covenants, several kinds of government : with the changes and revolutions of them / by Tho. Hobbs of Malmsbury. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. 1652 (1652) Wing H2221; ESTC R41339 83,707 190

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perform_v be_v take_v for_o the_o performance_n 11._o among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n custom_n and_o prescription_n be_v not_o number_v for_o whatsoever_o action_n be_v against_o reason_n though_o it_o be_v reiterate_v never_o so_o often_o or_o that_o there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o precedent_n thereof_o be_v still_o against_o reason_n and_o therefore_o not_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o contrary_a to_o it_o but_o consent_n and_o covenant_n may_v so_o alter_v the_o case_n which_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v put_v by_o change_v the_o circumstance_n that_o that_o which_o be_v reason_n before_o may_v afterwards_o be_v against_o it_o and_o yet_o be_v reason_n still_o the_o law_n for_o though_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o allow_v equal_o to_o another_o yet_o if_o that_o other_o shall_v see_v cause_n to_o renounce_v the_o same_o and_o make_v himself_o inferior_a then_o if_o from_o thenceforth_o he_o consider_v he_o as_o inferior_a he_o break_v not_o thereby_o that_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o command_v to_o allow●_n equality_n in_o sum_n a_o man_n own_o cons●nt_fw-la may_v abridge_v he_o of_o the_o liberty_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n leave_v he_o but_o custom_n not_o nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o abrogate_v either_o these_o or_o any_o other_o law_n of_o nature_n 12._o and_o forasmuch_o as_o law_n to_o speak_v proper_o be_v a_o command_n and_o these_o dictate_v as_o they_o proceed_v from_o nature_n be_v not_o command_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o call_v law_n in_o respect_n of_o nature_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n god_n almighty_a 13._o and_o see_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n concern_v the_o conscience_n not_o he_o only_o break_v they_o that_o do_v any_o action_n contrary_a but_o also_o he_o who_o action_n be_v conformable_a to_o they_o in_o case_n he_o think_v it_o contrary_a for_o though_o the_o action_n chance_n to_o be_v right_a yet_o in_o his_o judgement_n he_o despise_v the_o law_n 14._o every_o man_n by_o natural_a passion_n call_v that_o good_a which_o please_v he_o for_o the_o present_a or_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o can_v foresee_v and_o in_o like_o manner_n that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_n and_o therefore_o he_o that_o foresee_v the_o whole_a way_n to_o his_o proservation_n which_o be_v the_o end_n that_o every_o one_o by_o nature_n aim_v at_o must_v also_o call_v it_o good_a and_o the_o contrary_a evil_n and_o this_o be_v that_o good_a and_o evil_a which_o not_o every_o man_n in_o passion_n call_v so_o but_o all_o man_n by_o reason_n and_o therefore_o the_o fulfil_n of_o all_o these_o law_n be_v good_a in_o reason_n and_o the_o break_n of_o they_o evil_a and_o so_o also_o the_o habit_n or_o disposition_n or_o intention_n to_o fulfil_v they_o good_a and_o the_o neglect_n of_o they_o evil_a and_o from_o hence_o come_v that_o distinction_n of_o malum_fw-la poen●_n and_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la for_o malum_fw-la p●n●_z be_v any_o pain_n or_o molestation_n of_o the_o mind_n whatsoever_o but_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la be_v that_o action_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o the_o habit_n of_o do_v according_a to_o these_o and_o other_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o tend_v to_o our_o preservation_n be_v that_o we_o call_v virtue_n and_o the_o habit_n of_o do_v the_o contrary_a vice_n as_o for_o example_n justice_n be_v that_o habit_n by_o which_o we_o stand_v to_o covenant_n injustice_n the_o contrary_a vice_n equity_n that_o habit_n by_o which_o we_o allow_v equality_n of_o nature_n arrogancy_n the_o contrary_a vice_n gratitude_n the_o habit_n whereby_o we_o requite_v the_o benefit_n and_o trust_n of_o other_o ingratitude_n the_o contrary_a vice_n temperance_n the_o habit_n by_o which_o we_o abstain_v from_o all_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o our_o destruction_n intemperance_n the_o contrary_a vice_n prudence_n the_o same_o with_o virtue_n in_o general_a as_o for_o the_o common_a opin●on_n that_o virtue_n consist_v in_o mediocrity_n and_o vice_n in_o extreme_n i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o it_o nor_o can_v find_v any_o such_o mediocrity_n courage_n may_v be_v virtue_n when_o the_o dare_v be_v extreme_a if_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a and_o extreme_a fear_n no_o vice_n when_o the_o danger_n be_v extreme_a to_o give_v a_o man_n more_o than_o his_o due_a be_v no_o injustice_n though_o it_o be_v to_o give_v he_o less_o and_o in_o gift_n it_o be_v not_o the_o sum_n that_o make_v liberality_n but_o the_o reason_n and_o so_o in_o all_o other_o virtue_n and_o vice_n i_o know_v that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o mediocrity_n be_v aristole_n but_o ●is_n opinion_n concerning_o virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o which_o be_v receive_v then_o and_o be_v still_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n unstudy_v and_o therefore_o not_o very_o likely_a to_o be_v accurate_a 15._o the_o sum_n of_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v sociable_a with_o they_o that_o will_v be_v soc●able_a and_o formidable_a to_o they_o that_o will_v not_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o in_o be_v sociable_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v place_n by_o the_o way_n of_o peace_n and_o society_n and_o to_o be_v formidable_a be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o war_n where_o to_o be_v fear_v be_v a_o protection_n a_o man_n have_v from_o his_o own_o power_n and_o as_o the_o ●ormer_a consist_v in_o action_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n the_o latter_a consist_v in_o action_n of_o honour_n and_o equity_n justice_n and_o honour_n contain_v all_o virtue_n whatsoever_o chap._n v._o a_o confirmation_n out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n of_o the_o principal_a point_n mention_v in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n concerning_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n as_o they_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o that_o they_o be_v the_o dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n and_o also_o moral_a law_n because_o they_o concern_v the_o manner_n and_o conversation_n one_o towards_o another_o so_o be_v they_o also_o divine_a law_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o author_n thereof_o god_n almighty_a and_o ought_v therefore_o to_o agree_v or_o at_o least_o not_o to_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n reveal_v in_o holy_a scripture_n in_o this_o chapter_n therefore_o i_o shall_v produce_v such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o appear_v to_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o say_a law_n 2._o and_o first_o the_o word_n of_o god_n seem_v to_o place_v the_o divine_a law_n in_o reason_n by_o all_o such_o text_n as_o ascribe_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o understanding_n as_o psal._n 40.8_o thy_o law_n be_v in_o my_o heart_n heb._n 8.10_o after_o those_o day_n say_v the_o lord_n i_o will_v put_v my_o law_n in_o their_o mind_n and_o heb._n 10.16_o the_o same_o psal._n 37.31_o speak_v of_o the_o righteous_a man_n he_o say_v the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o his_o heart_n psal._n 19.7_o 8._o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v perfect_a convert_v the_o soul_n it_o give_v wisdom_n to_o the_o simple_a and_o light_n unto_o the_o eye_n jer._n 31.33_o i_o will_v put_v my_o law_n in_o their_o inward_a part_n and_o write_v it_o in_o their_o heart_n and_o joh._n 1._o the_o lawgiver_n himself_o god_n almighty_a be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o which_o be_v also_o call_v ver._n 4._o the_o light_n of_o man_n and_o vers._n 9_o the_o light_n which_o light_v every_o man_n which_o come_v in●o_o the_o world_n all_o which_o be_v description_n of_o natural_a reason_n 3._o and_o that_o the_o law_n divine_a for_o so_o much_o as_o be_v moral_a be_v those_o precept_n which_o tend_v to_o peace_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o confirm_v by_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o these_o rom_n 3.17_o righteousness_n which_o be_v the_o fufil_n of_o the_o law_n be_v call_v the_o way_n of_o peace_n and_o psa._n 85.10_o righteousness_n and_o peace_n shall_v kiss_v each_o other_o and_o matth._n 5.9_o bless_a be_v the_o peacemaker_n and_o heb._n 7.2_o melchisedeck_n king_n of_o salem_n be_v interpret_v king_n of_o righteousness_n and_o king_n of_o peace_n and_o ver._n 21._o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o priest_n for_o ever_o after_o the_o order_n of_o m●lchisedeck_n out_o of_o which_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n annex_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o law_n to_o peace_n 4._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v unalterable_a be_v intimate_v by_o this_o that_o the_o priesthood_n of_o melchisedeck_n be_v everlasting_a and_o by_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n matth._n 5.18_o heaven_n and_o earth_n shall_v pass_v away_o but_o one_o jot_n or_o tittle_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v not_o pass_v till_o all_o thing_n be_v fulfil_v 5._o that_o man_n ought_v
before_o in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n for_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o right_n of_o sovereigns_n over_o their_o subject_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n institutive_a concerning_o the_o second_o title_n which_o be_v when_o a_o man_n submit_v to_o a_o assailant_n for_o fear_n of_o death_n thereby_o accrue_v a_o right_n of_o dominion_n for_o where_o every_o man_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o this_o case_n have_v right_o to_o all_o thing_n there_o need_v no_o more_o for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_v right_o effectual_a but_o a_o covenant_n from_o he_o that_o be_v overcome_v not_o to_o resist_v he_o that_o overcome_v and_o thus_o come_v the_o victor_n to_o have_v right_a of_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o the_o conquer_a by_o which_o there_o be_v present_o constitute_v a_o little_a body_n politic_a which_o consist_v of_o two_o person_n the_o one_o sovereign_a which_o be_v call_v the_o master_n or_o lord_n the_o other_o subject_n which_o be_v call_v the_o servant_n and_o when_o a_o man_n have_v acquire_v right_a over_o a_o number_n of_o servant_n so_o considerable_a as_o they_o can_v by_o their_o neighbour_n be_v secure_o invade_v this_o body_n politic_a be_v a_o kingdom_n despotical_a 3._o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o when_o a_o servant_n take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v keep_v bind_v in_o natural_a bond_n and_o chain_n and_o the_o like_a or_o in_o prison_n there_o have_v pass_v no_o covenant_n from_o the_o servant_n to_o his_o master_n for_o those_o natural_a bond_n have_v no_o need_n of_o strengthen_v by_o the_o verbal_a bond_n of_o covenant_n and_o they_o show_v that_o the_o servant_n be_v not_o trust_v but_o covenant_n part_n 1._o chap._n 15._o sect._n 9_o suppose_v trust_n there_o remain_v therefore_o in_o the_o servant_n thus_o keep_v bind_v or_o in_o prison_n a_o right_n of_o deliver_v himself_o if_o he_o can_v by_o what_o mean_v soever_o this_o kind_n of_o servant_n be_v that_o which_o ordinary_o and_o without_o passion_n be_v call_v a_o slave_n the_o roman_n have_v no_o such_o distinct_a name_n but_o comprehend_v all_o under_o the_o name_n of_o servus_fw-la whereof_o such_o as_o they_o love_v and_o dare_v trust_v be_v suffer_v to_o go_v at_o liberty_n and_o admit_v to_o place_n of_o office_n both_o near_o to_o their_o person_n and_o in_o their_o affair_n abroad_o the_o rest_n be_v keep_v chain_v or_o otherwise_o restrain_v with_o natural_a impediment_n to_o their_o resistance_n and_o as_o it_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n so_o it_o be_v among_o other_o nation_n the_o former_a sort_n have_v no_o other_o bond_n but_o a_o suppose_a covenant_n without_o which_o the_o master_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o trust_v they_o the_o late_a be_v without_o covenant_n and_o no_o otherwise_o tie_v to_o obedience_n but_o by_o chain_n or_o other_o like_a forcible_a custody_n 4._o a_o master_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v no_o less_o right_a over_o those_o who_o body_n he_o leave_v at_o liberty_n then_o over_o those_o he_o keep_v in_o bond_n and_o imprisonment_n and_o have_v absolute_a dominion_n over_o both_o and_o may_v say_v of_o his_o servant_n that_o he_o be_v he_o as_o he_o may_v of_o any_o other_o thing_n and_o whatsoever_o the_o servant_n have_v and_o may_v call_v his_o be_v now_o the_o master_n for_o he_o that_o dispose_v of_o the_o person_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o person_n can_v dispose_v of_o insomuch_o as_o though_o there_o be_v meum_fw-la et_fw-la tuum_fw-la among_o servant_n distinct_a from_o one_o another_o by_o the_o dispensation_n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o master_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o meum_fw-la et_fw-la tuum_fw-la belong_v to_o any_o of_o they_o against_o the_o master_n himself_o who_o they_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v but_o to_o obey_v all_o his_o command_n as_o law_n 5._o and_o see_v both_o the_o servant_n and_o all_o that_o be_v commit_v to_o he_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o master_n and_o every_o man_n may_v dispose_v of_o his_o own_o and_o transfer_v the_o same_o at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o master_n may_v therefore_o alienate_v his_o dominion_n over_o they_o or_o give_v the_o same_o by_o his_o last_o will_n to_o who_o he_o list_v 6._o and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o master_n himself_o by_o captivity_n or_o voluntary_a subjection_n become_v servant_n to_o another_o than_o be_v that_o other_o master_n paramount_a and_o those_o servant_n of_o he_o that_o become_v servant_n be_v no_o far_o oblige_v than_o their_o master_n paramount_a shall_v think_v good_a forasmuch_o as_o he_o dispose_v of_o the_o master_n subordinate_a dispose_v of_o all_o he_o have_v and_o consequent_o of_o his_o servant_n so_o that_o the_o restriction_n of_o absolute_a power_n in_o master_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o political_a law_n of_o he_o that_o be_v their_o master_n supreme_a or_o sovereign_a 7._o servant_n immediate_a to_o the_o supreme_a master_n be_v discharge_v of_o their_o servitude_n or_o subjection_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o subject_n be_v release_v of_o their_o allegiance_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n institutive_a as_o first_o by_o release_n for_o he_o that_o captive_v which_o be_v do_v by_o accept_v what_o the_o captive_a transfer_v to_o he_o set_v again_o at_o l●berty_n by_o transfer_v back_o the_o same_o and_o this_o kind_n of_o release_n be_v call_v manumission_n second_o by_o exile_n for_o that_o be_v no_o more_o but_o manumission_n give_v to_o a_o servant_n not_o in_o the_o way_n benefit_n but_o punishment_n three_o by_o a_o new_a captivity_n where_o the_o servant_n have_v do_v his_o endeavour_n to_o defend_v himself_o have_v thereby_o perform_v his_o covenant_n to_o his_o former_a master_n and_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o life_n enter_v into_o new_a covenant_n with_o the_o conqueror_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v his_o best_a endeavour_n to_o keep_v that_o likewise_o four_o ignorance_n of_o who_o be_v successor_n to_o his_o diceased_a master_n discharge_v he_o of_o obedience_n for_o no_o covenant_n hold_v long_a than_o a_o man_n know_v to_o who_o he_o be_v to_o perform_v it_o and_o last_o that_o servant_n that_o be_v no_o long_o trust_v but_o commit_v to_o his_o chain_n and_o custody_n be_v thereby_o discharge_v of_o the_o obligation_n in_fw-la foro_fw-la interno_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o he_o can_v get_v loose_a may_v lawful_o go_v his_o way_n 8._o but_o servant_n subordinate_a though_o manumit_v by_o their_o immediate_a lord_n be_v not_o thereby_o discharge_v of_o their_o subjection_n to_o their_o lord_n paramount_a for_o the_o immediate_a master_n have_v no_o property_n in_o they_o have_v transfer_v his_o right_n before_o to_o another_o namely_o to_o his_o own_o and_o supreme_a master_n nor_o if_o the_o chief_a lord_n shall_v manumit_v his_o immediate_a servant_n do_v he_o thereby_o release_v his_o servant_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o he_o that_o be_v so_o manumit_v for_o by_o this_o manumission_n he_o recover_v again_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n he_o have_v over_o they_o before_o for_o after_o a_o release_n which_o be_v the_o discharge_n of_o a_o covenant_n the_o right_n stand_v as_o it_o do_v before_o the_o covenant_n be_v make_v 9_o this_o right_n of_o conquest_n as_o it_o make_v one_o man_n master_n over_o another_o so_o also_o make_v it_o a_o man_n to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o irrational_a creature_n for_o if_o a_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v in_o hostility_n with_o man_n and_o thereby_o have_v lawful_a title_n to_o subdue_v or_o kill_v according_a as_o his_o own_o conscience_n and_o discretion_n shall_v suggest_v unto_o he_o for_o his_o safety_n and_o benefit_n much_o more_o may_v he_o do_v the_o same_o to_o beast_n that_o be_v to_o say_v save_v and_o preserve_v for_o his_o own_o service_n according_a to_o his_o discretion_n such_o as_o be_v of_o nature_n apt_a to_o obey_v and_o commodious_a for_o use_n and_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v with_o perpetual_a war_n all_o other_o as_o fierce_a and_o noisome_a to_o he_o and_o this_o dominion_n be_v therefore_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o of_o the_o divine_a law_n positive_a for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o right_n before_o the_o reveal_n of_o god_n will_n in_o the_o scripture_n then_o shall_v no_o man_n to_o who_o the_o scripture_n have_v not_o come_v have_v right_a to_o make_v use_n of_o those_o his_o creature_n either_o for_o his_o food_n or_o sustenance_n and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a condition_n of_o mankind_n that_o a_o fierce_a and_o savage_a beast_n shall_v with_o more_o right_o kill_v a_o man_n than_o a_o man_n a_o beast_n chap._n iv._o 1._o the_o dominion_n over_o the_o child_n etc._n etc._n 2._o pre-eminence_n of_o sex_n give_v not_o the_o child_n to_o the_o father_n rather_o than_o to_o the_o mother_n 3._o the_o title_n of_o the_o father_n or_o mother_n etc._n etc._n 4._o
declare_v out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o matter_n of_o faith_n but_o the_o belief_n of_o those_o fundamental_a article_n before_o set_v forth_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v require_v other_o thing_n as_o matter_n of_o obedience_n for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o temporal_a kingdom_n to_o avoid_v the_o punishment_n which_o king_n may_v inflict_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o right_n and_o title_n of_o the_o king_n without_o obedience_n also_o to_o his_o law_n so_o also_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o acknowledge_v our_o saviour_n christ_n to_o be_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n in_o which_o consist_v christian_a faith_n unless_o also_o we_o endeavour_v to_o obey_v his_o law_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n in_o which_o consist_v christian_a obedience_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o have_v be_v show_v part._n 1._o chap._n 5._o not_o only_o faith_n but_o also_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v that_o for_o which_o a_o man_n be_v call_v just_a or_o righteous_a in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o justice_n be_v take_v not_o for_o the_o absence_n of_o guilt_n but_o for_o the_o endeavour_n and_o constant_a will_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v just_a not_o only_o faith_n but_o this_o justice_n which_o also_o from_o the_o effect_n thereof_o be_v call_v repentance_n and_o sometime_o work_n be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n so_o that_o faith_n and_o justice_n do_v both_o concur_v thereto_o and_o in_o the_o several_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n justification_n be_v proper_o say_v both_o of_o they_o to_o justify_v and_o the_o want_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o condemn_v for_o not_o only_o he_o that_o resist_v a_o king_n upon_o doubt_n of_o his_o titl●_n but_o also_o he_o that_o do_v it_o upon_o the_o inordinateness_n of_o his_o passion_n deserve_v punishment_n and_o when_o faith_n and_o work_n be_v separate_v not_o only_o the_o faith_n be_v call_v dead_a without_o work_n but_o also_o work_n be_v call_v dead_a work_n without_o faith_n and_o therefore_o s._n james_n chap._n 2.17_o say_v even_o so_o the_o faith_n if_o it_o have_v no_o work_n be_v dead_a in_o itself_o and_o vers._n 26._o for_o as_o the_o body_n without_o the_o spirit_n be_v dead_a even_o so_o faith_n without_o work_n be_v dead_a and_o s._n paul_n heb._n 6.1_o call_v work_n without_o faith_n dead_a work_n where_o he_o say_v not_o lay_v again_o the_o foundation_n of_o repentance_n from_o dead_a work_n and_o by_o these_o dead_a work_n be_v understand_v not_o the_o obedience_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o inward_a man_n but_o the_o opus_fw-la operatum_fw-la or_o external_a action_n proceed_v from_o fear_n of_o punishment_n or_o from_o vain_a glory_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v honour_v of_o man_n and_o these_o may_v be_v separate_v from_o faith_n and_o conduce_v no_o way_n to_o a_o man_n justification_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n s._n paul_n rom._n 4._o exclude_v the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o law_n from_o have_v part_n in_o the_o justification_n of_o a_o sinner_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n which_o be_v apply_v to_o man_n action_n and_o require_v the_o absence_n of_o guilt_n all_o man_n live_v be_v liable_a to_o damnation_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n be_v justify_v by_o work_n but_o by_o faith_n only_o but_o if_o work_n be_v take_v for_o the_o endeavour_n to_o do_v they_o that_o be_v if_o the_o will_v be_v take_v for_o the_o deed_n or_o internal_a for_o external_a righteousness_n then_o do_v work_n contribute_v to_o salvation_n and_o then_o take_v place_n that_o of_o s._n james_n chap._n 2.24_o you_o see_v then_o how_o that_o of_o work_n a_o man_n be_v iusti_v and_o not_o of_o faith_n only_o and_o both_o of_o these_o be_v join_v to_o salvation_n as_o in_o s._n mark_n 1.5_o repent_v and_o believe_v the_o gospel_n and_o luk._n 18.18_o when_o a_o certain_a ruler_n ask_v our_o saviour_n what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v to_o inherit_v eternal_a life_n he_o propound_v to_o he_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o commandment_n which_o when_o the_o ruler_n say_v he_o have_v keep_v he_o propound_v to_o he_o the_o faith_n sell_v all_o that_o thou_o have_v and_o fellow_n i_o and_o joh._n 3.36_o he_o that_o believe_v in_o the_o son_n have_v everlasting_a life_n and_o he_o that_o obey_v not_o the_o son_n shall_v not_o see_v life_n where_o he_o manifest_o join_v obedience_n and_o faith_n together_o and_o rom_n 1.17_o the_o just_a shall_v live_v by_o faith_n not_o every_o one_o but_o the_o just_a for_o also_o the_o devil_n believe_v and_o tremble_v but_o though_o both_o faith_n and_o justice_n mean_v still_o by_o justice_n not_o absence_n of_o guilt_n but_o the_o good_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v call_v righteousness_n by_o god_n that_o take_v the_o will_n for_o the_o deed_n be_v both_o of_o they_o say_v to_o justify_v yet_o be_v their_o part_n in_o the_o act_n of_o justification_n to_o be_v distinguish_v for_o justice_n be_v say_v to_o justify_v not_o because_o it_o absolve_v but_o because_o it_o denominate_v he_o just_o and_o set_v he_o in_o a_o estate_n or_o capacity_n of_o salvation_n whensoever_o he_o shall_v have_v faith_n but_o faith_n be_v say_v to_o justify_v that_o be_v to_o absolve_v because_o by_o it_o a_o just_a man_n be_v absolve_v of_o and_o forgive_v his_o unjust_a action_n and_o thus_o be_v reconcile_v the_o place_n of_o s._n paul_n and_o s._n james_n that_o faith_n only_o justify_v and_o a_o man_n be_v justify_v by_o faith_n only_o and_o show_v how_o faith_n and_o repentance_n must_v concur_v to_o salvation_n 11._o these_o thing_n consider_v it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o a_o christian_a common_a wealth_n there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o damnation_n from_o simple_a obedience_n to_o human_a law_n for_o in_o that_o the_o sovereign_n allow_v christianity_n no_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o renounce_v that_o faith_n which_o be_v enough_o for_o his_o salvation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o fundamental_a point_n and_o for_o other_o point_n see_v they_o be_v not_o neces●ary_a to_o salvation_n if_o we_o conform_v our_o action_n to_o the_o law_n we_o do_v not_o only_o what_o we_o be_v allow_v but_o also_o what_o we_o be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o moral_a law_n teach_v by_o our_o saviour_n himself_o and_o it_o be_v part_n of_o that_o obedience_n which_o must_v concur_v to_o our_o salvation_n 12._o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a whatsoever_o a_o man_n do_v against_o his_o conscience_n be_v sin_n yet_o the_o obedience_n in_o these_o case_n be_v neither_o sin_n nor_o against_o the_o conscience_n for_o the_o conscience_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o man_n settle_a judgement_n and_o opinion_n when_o he_o have_v once_o transfer_v his_o right_n of_o judge_v to_o another_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v command_v be_v no_o less_o his_o judgement_n than_o the_o judgement_n of_o that_o other_o so_o that_o in_o obedience_n to_o law_n a_o man_n do_v still_o according_a to_o his_o own_o conscience_n but_o not_o his_o private_a conscience_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o private_a conscience_n be_v then_o a_o sin_n when_o the_o law_n have_v leave_v he_o to_o his_o own_o liberty_n and_o never_o else_o and_o than_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v it_o be_v ill_o do_v but_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v ill_a or_o not_o be_v do_v ill_o in_o case_n he_o may_v lawful_o omit_v the_o do_v 13._o and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o a_o man_n must_v submit_v his_o opinion_n in_o matter_n of_o controversy_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n so_o also_o be_v the_o same_o confess_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o that_o otherwise_o deny_v it_o for_o who_o be_v there_o differ_v in_o opinion_n from_o another_o and_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o wrong_n that_o will_v not_o think_v it_o reasonable_a if_o he_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n that_o the_o whole_a state_n allow_v that_o the_o other_o shall_v submit_v his_o opinion_n also_o thereunto_o or_o that_o will_v not_o be_v content_a if_o not_o that_o one_o or_o a_o few_o man_n yet_o all_o the_o divine_n of_o a_o whole_a nation_n or_o at_o least_o a_o assembly_n of_o all_o those_o he_o like_v shall_v have_v the_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o the_o controversy_n of_o religion_n or_o who_o be_v there_o that_o will_v not_o be_v content_a to_o submit_v his_o opinion_n either_o to_o the_o pope_n or_o to_o a_o general_a council_n or_o to_o a_o provincial_a council_n or_o to_o a_o presbytery_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n and_o yet_o in_o all_o these_o case_n he_o submit_v
seem_v not_o only_o most_o equal_a but_o also_o least_o sensible_a and_o least_o to_o trouble_v the_o mind_n of_o they_o that_o pay_v it_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o aggravate_v the_o grief_n of_o part_v with_o money_n to_o the_o public_a as_o to_o think_v they_o be_v overrate_v and_o that_o their_o neighbour_n who_o they_o envy_v do_v thereupon_o insult_v over_o they_o and_o this_o dispose_v they_o to_o resistance_n and_o after_o that_o such_o resistance_n have_v produce_v a_o mischief_n to_o rebellion_n 6._o an_fw-mi other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n be_v the_o due_a execution_n of_o justice_n which_o consist_v principal_o in_o the_o right_a performance_n of_o their_o duty_n which_o be_v the_o magistrate_n ordain_v for_o the_o same_o by_o and_o under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v private_a man_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o consequent_o such_o as_o may_v have_v private_a end_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v corrupt_v with_o gift_n or_o intercession_n of_o friend_n aught_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n by_o a_o high_a power_n lest_o people_n grieve_v by_o their_o injustice_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v their_o own_o revenge_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n which_o can_v by_o no_o way_n be_v avoid_v in_o the_o prineipal_a and_o immediate_a magistrate_n without_o the_o judicature_n of_o the_o sovereign_n himself_o or_o some_o extraordinary_a power_n delegate_a by_o he_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v a_o power_n extraordinary_a as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o the_o syndication_n of_o judge_n and_o other_o magistrate_n that_o shall_v abuse_v their_o authority_n to_o the_o wrong_n and_o discontent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o a_o free_a and_o open_a way_n for_o the_o present_n of_o grievance_n to_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a authority_n 7._o beside_o these_o consideration_n by_o which_o be_v prevent_v the_o discontent_n that_o arise_v from_o oppression_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v some_o mean_n for_o the_o keep_n under_o of_o those_o that_o be_v dispose_v to_o rebellion_n by_o ambition_n which_o consist_v principal_o in_o the_o constancy_n of_o he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n who_o ought_v therefore_o constant_o to_o grace_n and_o encourage_v such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o serve_v the_o common_a wealth_n do_v nevertheless_o contain_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n without_o repine_v at_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v and_o without_o aggravate_v the_o error_n which_o as_o man_n they_o may_v commit_v especial_o when_o they_o suffer_v not_o in_o their_o own_o particular_a and_o constant_o to_o show_v displeasure_n and_o dislike_v of_o the_o contrary_a and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o to_o ordain_v severe_a punishment_n for_o such_o as_o shall_v by_o reprehension_n of_o public_a action_n affect_v popularity_n and_o applause_n among_o the_o multitude_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o have_v a_o faction_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n at_o their_o devotion_n 8._o another_o thing_n necessary_a be_v the_o root_n out_o of_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n all_o those_o opinion_n which_o seem_v to_o justify_v and_o give_v pretence_n of_o right_n to_o rebellious_a action_n such_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n that_o a_o man_n can_v do_v nothing_o lawful_o against_o his_o private_a conscience_n that_o they_o who_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o there_o be_v a_o authority_n of_o subject_n who_o negative_a may_v hinder_v the_o affirmative_a of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o any_o subject_n have_v a_o propriety_n distinct_a from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o body_n of_o the_o people_n without_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o that_o any_o lawful_a sovereign_n may_v be_v resist_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n which_o opinion_n be_v they_o which_o part_n 2._o chap._n 8._o sect._n 5.6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10._o have_v be_v declare_v to_o dispose_v man_n to_o rebellion_n and_o because_o opinion_n which_o be_v get_v by_o education_n and_o in_o length_n of_o time_n be_v make_v habitual_a can_v be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n and_o ●pon_o the_o sudden_a they_o must_v therefore_o be_v ●aken_v away_o also_o by_o time_n and_o education_n and_o ●eeing_v the_o say_a opinion_n have_v proceed_v ●rom_o private_a and_o public_a teach_v and_o ●hose_v teacher_n have_v receive_v they_o from_o ground_n and_o principal_n which_o they_o have_v ●earned_v in_o the_o university_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n and_o other_o who_o have_v deliver_v nothing_o concerning_o morality_n and_o policy_n demonstrative_o but_o be_v passionate_o addict_v to_o popular_a government_n have_v insinuate_v their_o opinion_n by_o eloquent_a sophistry_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n if_o the_o true_a doctrine_n concerning_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o property_n of_o a_o body_n politic_a and_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n in_o general_a be_v prespicuous_o set_v down_o and_o teach_v in_o the_o university_n but_o that_o young_a man_n who_o come_v thither_o void_a of_o prejudice_n and_o who_o mind_n be_v as_o white_a paper_n capable_a of_o any_o instruction_n will_v more_o easy_o receive_v the_o same_o and_o afterwards_o teach_v it_o to_o the_o people_n both_o in_o book_n and_o otherwise_o than_o now_o they_o do_v the_o contrary_a 9_o the_o last_o thing_n contain_v in_o that_o supreme_a law_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la be_v their_o defence_n and_o consist_v partly_o in_o the_o obedience_n and_o unity_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o in_o which_o consist_v the_o mean_n of_o levy_v soldier_n and_o of_o have_v money_n arm_n ship_n and_o fortify_v place_n in_o readiness_n for_o defence_n and_o partly_o in_o the_o avoid_n of_o unnecessary_a war_n for_o such_o commonwealth_n or_o such_o monarch_n as_o affect_v war_n for_o itself_o that_o be_v to_o say_v out_o of_o ambition_n or_o of_o vain_a glory_n or_o that_o make_v account_n to_o revenge_v every_o little_a injury_n or_o disgrace_v do_v by_o their_o neighbour_n if_o they_o ruin_v not_o themselves_o their_o fortune_n must_v be_v better_a than_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o expect_v chap._n x._o 1._o all_o expression_n etc._n etc._n concerning_o future_a action_n be_v either_o covenant_n council_n or_o command_n 2._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o law_n and_o a_o covenant_n 3._o the_o command_n of_o he_o who_o command_n be_v law_n in_o one_o thing_n be_v law_n in_o every_o thing_n 4._o the_o difference_n between_o law_n and_o counsel_n 5._o the_o difference_n between_o jus_fw-la and_o lex_fw-la 6._o the_o division_n of_o law_n ctc._n 7._o that_o the_o divine_a moral_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o same_o 8._o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v the_o common_a measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n etc._n etc._n 9_o martial_a law_n be_v civil_a law_n 10._o write_a law_n etc._n etc._n unwritten_a etc._n etc._n custom_n and_o opinion_n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o concerning_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n and_o the_o constitution_n and_o property_n of_o a_o body_n politic_a there_o remain_v only_o for_o the_o last_o chapter_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o sort_n of_o law_n and_o first_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o law_n be_v declaration_n of_o the_o mind_n con●erning_v some_o action_n future_a to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v and_o all_o declaration_n and_o expres●ions_n of_o the_o mind_n concerning_o future_a action_n and_o omission_n be_v either_o promissive_a as_o i_o will_v do_v or_o not_o do_v or_o provisive_a as_o for_o example_n if_o this_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v this_o will_v follow_v or_o imperative_a as_o do_v this_o or_o do_v it_o not_o in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o these_o expression_n consist_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o covenant_n in_o the_o second_o consist_v counsel_n in_o the_o three_o command_v 2._o it_o be_v evident_a when_o a_o man_n do_v or_o forbear_v to_o do_v any_o action_n if_o he_o be_v move_v thereto_o by_o this_o only_a consideration_n that_o the_o same_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a in_o itself_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o will_n or_o pleasure_n of_o another_o shall_v be_v of_o any_o weight_n in_o his_o deliberation_n that_o then_o neither_o to_o do_v nor_o omit_v the_o action_n deliberate_v be_v any_o breach_n of_o law-and_a consequent_o whatsoever_o be_v a_o law_n to_o a_o man_n respect_v the_o will_n of_o another_o and_o the_o declaration_n thereof_o but_o a_o covenant_n be_v a_o declaration_n of_o a_o man_n own_o will_n and_o therefore_o a_o law_n and_o a_o covenant_n differ_v and_o though_o they_o be_v both_o obligatory_a and_o a_o law_n oblige_v no_o otherwise_o then_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o covenant_n make_v by_o
he_o who_o be_v subject_a thereunto_o yet_o they_o oblige_v by_o several_a sort_n of_o promise_n for_o a_o covenant_n oblige_v by_o promise_n of_o a_o action_n or_o omission_n especial_o name_v and_o limit_v but_o a_o law_n bind_v by_o a_o promise_n of_o obedience_n in_o general_a whereby_o the_o action_n to_o be_v do_v or_o leave_v undo_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o covenant_n be_v make_v so_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n and_o a_o law_n stand_v thus_o in_o simple_a covenant_n the_o action_n to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v be_v first_o limit_v and_o make_v know_v and_o then_o follow_v the_o promise_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v but_o in_o a_o law_n the_o obligation_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v precede_v and_o the_o declaration_n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v follow_v after_o 3._o and_o from_o this_o may_v be_v deduce_v that_o which_o to_o some_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n that_o the_o command_n of_o he_o who_o command_n be_v a_o law_n in_o one_o thing_n be_v a_o law_n in_o every_o thing_n for_o see_v a_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o obedience_n before_o what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v be_v know_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v in_o general_a that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o every_o thing_n 4._o that_o the_o counsel_n of_o a_o man_n be_v no_o law_n to_o he_o that_o be_v counsel_v and_o that_o he_o who_o allow_v another_o to_o give_v he_o counsel_n do_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v himself_o to_o follow_v the_o same_o be_v manifest_a enough_o and_o yet_o man_n usual_o call_v counsel_v by_o the_o name_n of_o govern_v not_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o distinguish_v between_o they_o but_o because_o they_o envy_v many_o time_n those_o man_n that_o be_v call_v to_o counsel_n and_o be_v therefore_o angry_a with_o they_o that_o they_o be_v counsel_v but_o if_o to_o counselor_n there_o shall_v be_v give_v a_o right_a to_o have_v their_o counsel_n follow_v then_o be_v they_o no_o more_o counselor_n but_o master_n of_o they_o who_o they_o counsel_n and_o their_o counsel_n no_o more_o counsel_n but_o law_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o law_n and_o a_o counsel_n be_v no_o mor_o but_o this_o that_o in_o counsel_n the_o expression_n be_v do_v because_o it_o be_v best_a in_o a_o law_n do_v because_o i_o have_v a_o right_a to_o compel_v you_o or_o do_v because_o i_o say_v do_v when_o counsel_n shall_v give_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o action_n it_o advise_v to_o because_o the_o reason_n thereof_o itself_o be_v no_o more_o counsel_n but_o a_o law_n 5._o the_o name_n lex_fw-la et_fw-la jus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v law_n and_o right_n be_v often_o confound_v and_o yet_o scarce_o be_v there_o any_o two_o word_n of_o more_o contrary_a signification_n for_o right_o be_v that_o liberty_n which_o law_n leave_v we_o and_o law_n those_o restraint_n by_o which_o we_o agree_v mutual_o to_o abridge_v on_o another_o liberty_n law_n and_o right_n therefore_o be_v no_o less_o different_a than_o restraint_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v contrary_a and_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n do_v that_o live_v in_o a_o common_a wealth_n jure_fw-la he_o do_v it_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o jure_fw-la divino_fw-la for_o whatsoever_o be_v against_o any_o of_o these_o law_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v jure_fw-la for_o the_o civil_a law_n can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v do_v jure_fw-la which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n divine_a or_o of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o any_o subject_n do_v if_o it_o be_v not_o conrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o whatsoever_o a_o sovereign_n do_v if_o it_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o do_v it_o jure_fw-la divino_fw-la by_o divine_a right_a but_o to_o say_v lege_fw-la divina_fw-la by_o divine_a law_n be_v another_o thing_n for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n allow_v great_a liberty_n than_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n civil_a for_o subordinate_a law_n do_v still_o bind_v mo●e_n then_o superior_a law_n the_o essence_n of_o law_n be_v not_o to_o lose_v but_o to_o bind_v a_o man_n may_v be_v command_v that_o by_o a_o law_n civil_a which_o be_v not_o command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n divine_a so_o that_o of_o thing_n do_v leg●_z that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o command_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v some_o place_n for_o a_o distinction_n between_o lege_fw-la divina_fw-la et_fw-la lege_fw-la civili_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n give_v a_o alm_n or_o help_v he_o that_o be_v in_o need_n he_o do_v it_o not_o lege_fw-la civili_fw-la but_o lege_fw-la divina_fw-la by_o the_o divine_a law_n the_o precept_n whereof_o be_v charity_n but_o for_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v jure_fw-la nothing_o can_v be_v say_v do_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la that_o be_v not_o also_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v do_v by_o they_o that_o have_v sovereign_a power_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n 6._o the_o difference_n of_o law_n be_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n either_o of_o the_o author_n and_o lawmaker_n or_o of_o the_o promulgation_n or_o of_o those_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o author_n or_o law_n maker_n come_v the_o division_n of_o law_n into_o divine_a natural_a and_o civil_a from_o the_o difference_n of_o promulgation_n proceed_v the_o division_n of_o law_n into_o write_a and_o unwritten_a and_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o law_n appertain_v it_o proceed_v that_o some_o law_n be_v call_v simple_o law_n and_o some_o penal_a as_o for_o example_n thou_o shall_v not_o steal_v be_v simple_o a_o law_n but_o this_o he_o that_o steal_v a_o ox_n shall_v restore_v fourfold_a be_v a_o penal_a or_o as_o other_o ●all_v it_o a_o judicial_a law_n now_o in_o those_o law_n which_o be_v simple_o law_n the_o commandment_n be_v address_v to_o every_o man_n but_o in_o penal_a law_n the_o commandment_n be_v address_v to_o the_o magistrate_n who_o be_v only_o guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o when_o the_o penalty_n ordain_v be_v not_o i●flicted_v to_o the_o rest_n appertain_v nothing_o but_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o danger_n 7._o as_o for_o the_o first_o division_n of_o law_n into_o divine_a natural_a and_o civil_a the_o first_o two_o brea●hes_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v also_o the_o moral_a law_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n god_n almighty_a and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n teach_v by_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v the_o moral_a law_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o god_n law_n be_v thou_o shall_v love_v god_n above_o all_o and_o thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o have_v b●en_v show_v part_n 1._o chap._n 5._o and_o although_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o saviour_n be_v of_o three_o part_n moral_a theological_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o former_a part_n only_o which_o be_v the_o moral_a be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o law_n universal_a the_o latter_a part_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n civil_a and_o the_o theological_a which_o contain_v those_o article_n concerning_o the_o divinity_n and_o kingdom_n of_o our_o saviour_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o salvation_n be_v not_o deliver_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n but_o of_o counsel_n and_o direction_n how_o to_o avoid_v the_o punishment_n which_o by_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n man_n be_v subject_a to_o for_o it_o be_v not_o infidelity_n that_o condemn_v though_o it_o be_v faith_n that_o save_v but_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n and_o commandment_n of_o god_n write_a first_o in_o man_n heart_n and_o afterwards_o in_o table_n and_o deliver_v to_o the_o jew_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o moses_n 8._o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o every_o man_n be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o differ_v from_o other_o concerning_o the_o name_n and_o appellation_n of_o thing_n and_o from_o those_o difference_n arise_v quarrel_n and_o breach_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o common_a measure_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v fall_v in_o controversy_n as_o for_o example_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v call_v right_o what_o good_a what_o virtue_n what_o much_o what_o little_a what_o meum_fw-la et_fw-la tuum_fw-la what_o a_o pound_n what_o a_o quarter_n etc._n etc._n for_o in_o these_o thing_n private_a judgement_n may_v differ_v and_o beget_v controversy_n this_o common_a measure_n some_o say_v be_v right_a reason_n with_o who_o i_o shall_v consent_v if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v find_v or_o know_v in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la but_o common_o they_o that_o call_v for_o right_a reason_n to_o decide_v any_o controversy_n
de_fw-la corpore_fw-la politico_fw-la or_o the_o element_n of_o law_n moral_a and_o politic_a with_o discourse_n upon_o several_a head_n as_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oath_n and_o covenant_n several_a kind_n of_o government_n with_o the_o change_n and_o revolution_n of_o they_o by_o tho._n hobbs_n of_o malmsbury_n london_n print_v by_o t._n r._n for_o j._n ridley_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o castle_n in_o fleetstreet_n by_o ram-alley_n 1652._o to_o the_o reader_n reader_n you_o may_v be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o work_n depend_v upon_o a_o former_a treatise_n of_o human_a nature_n write_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n and_o by_o a_o friend_n of_o his_o commit_v to_o the_o press_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a that_o nothing_o of_o so_o worthy_a a_o author_n shall_v be_v leave_v unprint_v especial_o consider_v that_o this_o piece_n be_v most_o useful_a for_o the_o society_n of_o reasona●le_a creature_n be_v the_o ground_n and_o principle_n of_o policy_n without_o which_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o but_o confusion_n in_o the_o world_n i_o be_o confident_a if_o man_n mind_n be_v but_o true_o fix_v upon_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o discourse_n they_o will_v not_o prove_v such_o weathercock_n to_o be_v turn_v about_o with_o the_o wind_n of_o every_o false_a doctrine_n and_o vain_a opinion_n we_o shall_v then_o be_v free_a from_o those_o disorder_n which_o threaten_v distraction_n to_o the_o soul_n and_o destruction_n to_o the_o common_a wealth_n but_o let_v other_o write_v never_o so_o well_o if_o our_o practice_n do_v not_o second_v their_o instruction_n we_o may_v be_v wise_a enough_o to_o foresee_v our_o misery_n but_o never_o know_v how_o to_o prevent_v it_o what_o pity_n be_v it_o that_o such_o rare_a conclusion_n as_o these_o be_v shall_v produce_v no_o other_o effect_n but_o to_o inform_v our_o knowledge_n and_o confute_v our_o conversation_n while_o we_o neglect_v the_o truth_n that_o be_v apprehend_v yet_o there_o be_v some_o hope_n that_o such_o observer_n who_o wisdom_n have_v receive_v the_o stamp_n of_o goodness_n will_v improve_v their_o skill_n to_o a_o real_a advancement_n of_o those_o benefit_n which_o lie_v hoard_v up_o in_o this_o curious_a cabinet_n to_o who_o use_n and_o behoof_n these_o excellent_a notion_n be_v commend_v as_o the_o best_a that_o ever_o be_v write_v in_o this_o kind_n and_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o general_a ground_n and_o foundation_n to_o all_o regular_a conception_n that_o concern_v the_o essence_n and_o existence_n of_o man_n the_o government_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o consequence_n our_o eternal_a salvation_n de_fw-la corpore_fw-la politico_fw-la chap._n i._n 1.2_o man_n by_o nature_n equal_a 3._o by_o vain_a glory_n indispose_v to_o allow_v equality_n with_o themselves_o to_o other_o 4._o apt_a to_o provoke_v another_o by_o comparison_n 5._o apt_a to_o encroach_v one_o upon_o another_o 6._o right_o define_v 7._o right_n to_o the_o end_n imply_v right_a to_o the_o mean_n 8_o every_o man_n his_o own_o judge_n by_o nature_n 9_o every_o man_n strength_n and_o knowledge_n for_o his_o own_o use_n 10._o every_o man_n by_o nature_n have_v right_a to_o all_o thing_n 11._o war_n and_o peace_n define_v 12._o man_n by_o noture_n in_o the_o state_n of_o war_n 13._o in_o manifest_a inequality_n may_v its_o right_n 14._o reason_n dictate_v peace_n in_o a_o former_a treatise_n of_o human_a nature_n already_o print_v have_v be_v set_v forth_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o man_n consist_v in_o the_o power_n natural_a of_o his_o body_n and_o mind_n and_o may_v all_o be_v comprehend_v in_o these_o four_o strength_n of_o body_n experinece_n reason_n and_o passion_n 2._o in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o consider_v in_o what_o estate_n of_o security_n this_o our_o nature_n have_v place_v we_o and_o what_o probability_n it_o have_v leave_v we_o of_o continue_v and_o preserve_v ourselves_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o one_o another_o and_o first_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o little_a odds_o there_o be_v of_o strength_n or_o knowledge_n between_o man_n of_o mature_a age_n and_o with_o how_o great_a facility_n he_o that_o be_v the_o weak_a in_o strength_n or_o in_o wit_n or_o in_o both_o may_v utter_o destroy_v the_o power_n of_o the_o strong_a since_o there_o need_v but_o little_a force_n to_o the_o take_v away_o of_o a_o man_n life_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o man_n consider_v in_o mere_a nature_n aught_o to_o admit_v among_o themselves_o equality_n and_o that_o he_o that_o claim_v no_o more_o may_v be_v esteem_v moderate_a 3._o on_o the_o other_o side_n consider_v the_o great_a difference_n there_o be_v in_o man_n from_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o passion_n how_o some_o be_v vain_o glorious_a and_o hope_v for_o precedency_n and_o superiority_n above_o their_o fellow_n not_o only_a when_o they_o be_v equal_a in_o power_n but_o also_o when_o they_o be_v inferior_a we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o man_n who_o be_v moderate_a and_o look_v for_o no_o more_o but_o equality_n of_o nature_n shall_v be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o force_n of_o other_o that_o will_v attempt_v to_o subdue_v they_o and_o from_o hence_o shall_v proceed_v a_o general_a diffidence_n in_o mankind_n and_o mutual_a fear_n one_o of_o another_o 4._o far_o since_o man_n by_o natural_a passion_n be_v divers_a way_n offensive_a one_o to_o another_o every_o man_n think_v well_o of_o himself_o and_o hate_v to_o see_v the_o same_o in_o other_o they_o must_v needs_o provoke_v one_o another_o by_o word_n and_o other_o sign_n of_o contempt_n and_o hatred_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o all_o comparison_n till_o at_o last_o they_o must_v determine_v the_o pre-eminence_n by_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o body_n 5._o moreover_o consider_v that_o many_o man_n appetite_n carry_v they_o to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n which_o end_n sometime_o can_v neither_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a nor_o divide_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o strong_a must_v enjoy_v it_o alone_o and_o that_o it_o be_v decide_v by_o battle_n who_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o thus_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n upon_o no_o assurance_n of_o odds_o do_v nevertheless_o through_o vanity_n or_o comparison_n or_o appetite_n provoke_v the_o rest_n that_o otherwise_o will_v be_v content_v with_o equality_n 6._o and_o forasmuch_o as_o necessity_n of_o nature_n make_v man_n to_o will_n and_o desire_n bonum_fw-la sibi_fw-la that_o which_o be_v good_a for_o themselves_o and_o to_o avoid_v that_o which_o be_v hurtful_a but_o most_o of_o all_o the_o terrible_a enemy_n of_o nature_n death_n from_o who_o we_o expect_v both_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o power_n and_o also_o the_o great_a of_o bodily_a pain_n in_o the_o lose_n it_o be_v not_o against_o reason_n that_o a_o man_n do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o preserve_v his_o own_o body_n and_o limb_n both_o from_o death_n and_o pain_n and_o that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o reason_n man_n call_v right_o or_o jus_fw-la or_o blame●esse_a liberty_n of_o use_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o ability_n it_o be_v therefore_o ●_z right_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o man_n may_v preserve_v his_o own_o life_n and_o limb_n with_o all_o the_o power_n he_o have_v 7._o and_o because_o where_o a_o man_n have_v right_a to_o the_o end_n and_o the_o end_n can_v be_v attain_v without_o the_o mean_n that_o be_v without_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n it_o be_v consequent_a that_o it_o be_v not_o against_o reason_n and_o therefore_o right_a for_o a_o man_n to_o use_v all_o mean_n and_o do_v whatsoever_o action_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o body_n 8._o also_o every_o man_n by_o right_a of_o nature_n be_v judge_n himself_o of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o mean_n and_o of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o danger_n for_o if_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o i_o be_v judge_n of_o my_o own_o danger_n myself_o than_o it_o be_v reason_n that_o another_o man_n be_v judge_n thereof_o but_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o make_v another_o man_n judge_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o concern_v i_o make_v i_o also_o judge_n of_o that_o that_o concern_v he_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o judge_n of_o his_o sentence_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o my_o benefit_n or_o not_o 9_o as_o a_o man_n judgement_n in_o right_a of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v for_o his_o own_o benefit_n so_o also_o the_o strength_n knowledge_n and_o art_n of_o every_o man_n be_v then_o right_o employ_v when_o he_o use_v it_o for_o himself_o else_o must_v not_o a_o man_n have_v right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o 10._o every_o man_n by_o nature_n have_v right_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o list_v to_o who_o
to_o stand_v to_o their_o covenant_n be_v teach_v psal._n 15._o where_o the_o question_n be_v ask_v vers._n 1._o lord_n who_o shall_v dwell_v in_o thy_o tavernacle_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v answer_v vers._n 4._o he_o that_o swear_v to_o h●s_z own_o hindrance_n and_o yet_o change_v not_o and_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v gratify_v where_o no_o covenant_n pass_v deut._n 25.4_o thou_o shall_v not_o muzzle_v the_o ox_n that_o tread_v out_o the_o corn_n which_o s._n paul_n 1_o cor._n 9.9_o interpret_v not_o of_o ox_n but_o of_o man_n 6._o that_o man_n content_v themselves_o with_o equality_n as_o it_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o natural_a law_n so_o also_o be_v it_o of_o the_o second_o table_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n matth._n 22_o 39.40_o thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o on_o these_o two_o law_n depend_v the_o whole_a law_n and_o the_o prophet_n which_o be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v study_v so_o much_o his_o neighbour_n profit_v as_o his_o own_o or_o that_o he_o shall_v divide_v his_o good_n among_o his_o neighbour_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v esteem_v his_o neighbour_n worthy_a all_o right_n and_o privilege_n that_o himself_o enjoy_v and_o attribute_v unto_o he_o whatsoever_o he_o look_v shall_v be_v attribute_v unto_o himself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v humble_a meek_a and_o content_a with_o equality_n 7._o and_o that_o in_o distribute_v of_o right_n among_o equal_v that_o distribution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o number_n which_o be_v the_o give_n of_o aequalia_fw-la aequalibus_fw-la and_o proportionalia_fw-la proportionalibus_fw-la we_o have_v numb._n 26.53.54_o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n to_o moses_n thou_o shall_v divide_v the_o land_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o name_n to_o many_o thou_o shall_v give_v more_o to_o few_o thou_o shall_v give_v less_o to_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o number_n that_o decision_n by_o lot_n be_v a_o mean_n of_o peace_n prov._n 18.18_o the_o lot_n cause_v contention_n to_o cease_v and_o make_v partition_n among_o the_o mighty_a 8._o that_o the_o accommodation_n and_o forgiveness_n of_o one_o another_o which_o have_v before_o be_v put_v for_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o law_n divine_a there_o be_v no_o question_n for_o they_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o charity_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o repr●ach_v or_o reprehend_v one_o another_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o saviour_n matth._n 7.1_o judge_v not_o that_o you_o be_v not_o judge_v vers._n 3._o why_o see_v thou_o the_o mote_n that_o be_v in_o thy_o brother_n eye_n and_o see_v not_o the_o beam_n that_o be_v in_o thy_o own_o eye_n also_o the_o law_n that_o forbid_v we_o to_o press_v our_o council_n upon_o other_o further_o than_o they_o admit_v be_v a_o divine_a law_n for_o after_o our_o charity_n and_o desire_n to_o rectify_v one_o another_o be_v reject_v to_o press_v it_o far_o be_v to_o reprehend_v he_o and_o condemn_v he_o which_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o text_n last_o recite_v as_o also_o rom._n 14.12_o every_o one_o of_o we_o shall_v give_v account_n of_o himself_o to_o god_n let_v we_o not_o therefore_o judge_v one_o another_o any_o more_o but_o use_v your_o judgement_n rather_o in_o this_o that_o no_o man_n put_v a_o occasion_n to_o fall_v or_o a_o stumble_a block_n before_o his_o brother_n 9_o far_o the_o rule_n of_o man_n concerning_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la be_v confirm_v by_o the_o like_a matth._n 7.12_o whatsoever_o therefore_o you_o will_v have_v man_n do_v unto_o you_o that_o do_v you_o unto_o they_o for_o this_o be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o prophet_n and_o rom._n 2.1_o in_o that_o thou_o judge_v another_o thou_o condemn_v thyself_o etc._n etc._n 10._o it_o be_v also_o manifest_a by_o the_o scripture_n that_o these_o law_n concern_v only_o the_o tribunal_n of_o our_o conscience_n and_o that_o the_o action_n contrary_a to_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o far_o punish_v by_o god_n almighty_a then_o as_o they_o proceed_v from_o negligence_n or_o contempt_n and_o first_o that_o these_o law_n be_v make_v to_o the_o conscience_n appear_v matth._n 5.20_o for_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o except_o your_o righteousness_n exceed_v the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o scribe_n and_o pharisee_n you_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n now_o the_o pharisee_n be_v the_o most_o exact_a among_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o external_a performance_n they_o therefore_o must_v want_v the_o sincerity_n of_o conscience_n else_o can_v not_o our_o saviour_n have_v require_v a_o great_a righteousness_n than_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n our_o saviour_n christ_n say_v the_o publican_n depart_v from_o the_o temple_n justify_v rather_o than_o the_o pharisee_n and_o christ_n say_v his_o yoke_n be_v easy_a and_o his_o burden_n light_n which_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o christ_n require_v no_o more_o than_o our_o best_a endeavour_n and_o rom._n 14.23_o he_o that_o doubt_v be_v condemn_v if_o he_o eat_v and_o in_o innumerable_a place_n both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n god_n almighty_a declare_v that_o he_o take_v the_o will_n for_o the_o deed_n both_o in_o good_a and_o evil_a action_n by_o all_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o divine_a law_n be_v dictate_v to_o the_o conscience_n one_o the_o other_o side_n be_v no_o less_o plain_a that_o how_o many_o and_o heinous_a action_n soever_o a_o man_n commit_z through_o infirmity_n he_o shall_v nevertheless_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v condemn_v the_o same_o in_o his_o own_o conscience_n be_v free_v from_o the_o punishment_n that_o to_o such_o action_n otherwise_o belong_v for_o at_o what_o time_n soever_o a_o sinner_n do_v repent_v he_o of_o his_o sin_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o his_o heart_n i_o will_v put_v all_o his_o iniquity_n out_o of_o my_o remembrance_n say_v the_o lord_n 11._o concerning_o revenge_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ought_v not_o to_o aim_n as_o i_o have_v say_v chap._n 3._o sect_n 10._o at_o present_a delight_n but_o future_a profit_n there_o be_v some_o difficulty_n mad●_z as_o if_o the_o same_o accord_v not_o with_o the_o law_n divine_a by_o such_o as_o object_v the_o continuance_n of_o punishment_n after_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n when_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o place_n neither_o for_o amendment_n nor_o for_o example_n this_o objection_n have_v be_v of_o some_o force_n if_o such_o punishment_n have_v be_v ordain_v after_o all_o sin_n be_v past_a but_o consider_v the_o punishment_n be_v institute_v before_o sin_n it_o serve_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o mankind_n because_o it_o keep_v man_n in_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a conversation_n by_o the_o terror_n and_o therefore_o such_o revenge_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o future_a only_o 12._o final_o there_o be_v no_o law_n of_o natural_a reason_n that_o can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n divine_a for_o god_n almighty_a have_v give_v reason_n to_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o light_n unto_o he_o and_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v no_o impiety_n to_o think_v that_o god_n almighty_a will_v require_v a_o strict_a account_n thereof_o at_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n as_o of_o the_o instruction_n which_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v in_o our_o peregrination_n here_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n and_o affront_n of_o supernaturalist_n now_o adays_o to_o rational_a and_o moral_a conversation_n chap._n vi_o 1._o that_o man_n notwithstanding_o these_o law_n be_v still_o in_o the_o state_n of_o war_n till_o they_o have_v security_n one_o against_o another_o 2._o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o war_n be_v nothing_o but_o honour_n 3._o no_o security_n without_o the_o concord_n of_o many_o 4._o that_o concord_n of_o many_o can_v be_v maintain_v without_o power_n to_o keep_v they_o all_o in_o awe_n 5._o the_o cause_n why_o concord_n remain_v in_o a_o multitude_n of_o some_o irrational_a creature_n and_o not_o of_o man_n 6._o that_o union_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o maintain_n of_o concord_n 7_o how_o union_n be_v make_v 8._o body_n politic_a define_v 9_o corporation_n define_v 10._o sovereign_n subject_n define_v 11._o two_o sorst_n of_o body_n politic_a patrimonia_fw-la and_o common_a wealth_n in_o chap._n 12._o sect._n 16._o of_o the_o treatise_n of_o human_a nature_n it_o have_v be_v show_v that_o the_o opinion_n man_n have_v of_o the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n which_o be_v to_o follow_v their_o action_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o make_v and_o govern_v the_o will_n to_o those_o action_n in_o this_o estate_n of_o man_n therefore_o wherein_o all_o man_n be_v equal_a and_o every_o man_n allow_v to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n the_o fear_n they_o have_v one_o of_o another_o be_v equal_a and_o every_o man_n