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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
law_n moral_a nature_n positive_a 4,914 5 10.3383 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A41301 A discourse whether it may be lawful to take use for money written by Sir Robert Filmer ; and published by Sir Roger Twisden, with his preface to it. Filmer, Robert, Sir, d. 1653. 1678 (1678) Wing F911; ESTC R23742 54,512 168

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free_a lend_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a for_o the_o same_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a answ_n 1._o dr._n downam_n mistake_v in_o think_v free_a lend_v and_o lend_v for_o gain_v to_o be_v term_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n lend_v and_o not_o lend_v which_o be_v contradictory_o oppose_v be_v only_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a term_n lend_v free_o or_o for_o gain_n be_v only_o several_a sort_n of_o lend_v and_o differ_v in_o quality_n and_o though_o their_o quality_n differ_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o positive_a and_o affirmative_a for_o it_o be_v a_o axiom_n contrariorum_fw-la utrumque_fw-la membrum_fw-la est_fw-la positivum_fw-la in_o contradiction_n and_o privation_n one_o term_n be_v always_o negative_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o contrary_n second_o let_v i_o retort_v dr._n downams_n argument_n in_o a_o strong_a case_n the_o law_n which_o command_v rest_v on_o the_o sabbath_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a therefore_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v moral_a for_o the_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a what_o will_v dr._n downam_n answer_v to_o this_o his_o own_o argument_n here_o be_v affirmation_n and_o negation_n rest_a and_o not_o rest_a in_o the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n not_o contrary_n only_o but_o contradictory_n yet_o i_o presume_v dr._n downam_n will_v not_o conclude_v that_o kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n dr._n fenton_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o god_n do_v forbid_v bite_v and_o oppress_a usury_n only_o by_o his_o law_n that_o then_o the_o law_n must_v needs_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a except_o we_o will_v give_v liberty_n to_o christian_n to_o oppress_v and_o bite_v their_o brethren_n pag._n 44._o the_o answer_n be_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n the_o rigour_n of_o it_o be_v abrogate_a or_o thus_o that_o the_o poor_a shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v be_v moral_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o make_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o distinction_n clear_a we_o must_v know_v that_o all_o judicial_a law_n be_v make_v for_o that_o hedge_n in_o or_o enclose_v of_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o whereas_o the_o moral_a law_n be_v deliver_v either_o in_o general_n affirmative_a commandment_n or_o negative_a prohibition_n the_o judicial_a come_v after_o and_o give_v some_o particular_a politic_a direction_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o for_o example_n the_o moral_a law_n say_v in_o general_n thou_o shall_v sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n then_o come_v the_o judicial_a and_o say_v you_o shall_v kindle_v no_o fire_n throughout_o your_o habitation_n upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n exod._n 35._o 3._o so_o the_o moral_a law_n tell_v we_o thou_o shall_v not_o steal_v the_o judicial_a add_v if_o a_o man_n steal_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n he_o shall_v pay_v five_o or_o four_o fold_n for_o it_o and_o in_o most_o case_n but_o double_a exod_a 22._o 1._o 4._o so_o then_o there_o be_v a_o general_a equity_n in_o all_o judicial_n which_o be_v moral_a and_o eternal_a there_o be_v a_o law_n levit._fw-la 25._o 23._o the_o land_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o ever_o whereby_o sell_v of_o inheritance_n be_v forbid_v and_o this_o law_n do_v bind_v naboth_n 1_o king_n 21._o 3._o that_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v his_o inheritance_n to_o king_n ahab_n the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n which_o bind_v all_o man_n even_o infidel_n to_o preserve_v or_o procure_v a_o inheritance_n or_o estate_n for_o their_o posterity_n remain_v still_o in_o force_n yet_o absolute_o not_o to_o sell_v any_o land_n be_v esteem_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o judicial_a law_n fit_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n so_o the_o perpetual_a equity_n of_o sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n and_o of_o not_o steal_v abide_v although_o the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n on_o that_o day_n be_v now_o arbitrary_a and_o the_o compensation_n of_o steal_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o each_o nation_n the_o same_o law_n that_o forbid_v we_o to_o steal_v bid_v we_o to_o relieve_v the_o poor_a and_o so_o do_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o general_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v observe_v and_o the_o poor_a relieve_v but_o that_o in_o particular_a they_o must_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o not_o take_v usury_n of_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o any_o jew_n to_o take_v usury_n of_o his_o poor_a although_o he_o do_v relieve_v he_o otherways_o because_o god_n do_v restrain_v he_o to_o that_o particular_a manner_n of_o relieve_v the_o poor_a but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v otherwise_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v we_o do_v sufficient_o relieve_v the_o poor_a then_o even_o the_o take_n of_o usury_n of_o they_o be_v no_o sin_n nor_o oppression_n concern_v the_o judicial_n of_o moses_n we_o must_v also_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o particular_a but_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o high_a priest_n and_o humane_a ordinance_n as_o mr._n hooker_n do_v observe_v be_v many_o time_n presuppose_v as_o ground_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o god_n deut._n 24._o 10_o there_o be_v a_o judicial_a law_n which_o order_v only_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o pledge_n must_v be_v take_v this_o necessary_o do_v presuppose_v some_o former_a humane_a law_n that_o do_v order_v that_o pledge_n may_v be_v take_v even_o that_o ill_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o divorce_n deut._n 24._o 1._o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o judicial_a law_n that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v make_v less_o hurtful_a the_o reason_n why_o i_o note_v these_o thing_n be_v because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n concern_v usury_n do_v presuppose_v and_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o former_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o practice_n and_o the_o special_a caution_n for_o the_o poor_a may_v leave_v the_o rich_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o magistrate_n which_o do_v always_o regulate_v all_o sort_n of_o contract_n and_o whereas_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n do_v allow_v usury_n only_o to_o stranger_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v but_o that_o other_o that_o be_v neither_o poor_a nor_o stranger_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o the_o country_n no_o magistrate_n can_v give_v a_o dispensation_n for_o usury_n towards_o the_o poor_a nor_o a_o prohibition_n for_o it_o towards_o stranger_n so_o much_o as_o god_n order_v no_o humane_a law_n may_v alter_v as_o for_o other_o case_n not_o specify_v they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a policy_n of_o the_o state_n for_o we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o god_n provide_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o israel_n his_o especial_a care_n be_v to_o ordain_v law_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o such_o sin_n as_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o his_o people_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v teach_v they_o by_o the_o canaanite_n i_o know_v that_o dr._n fenton_n do_v infer_v that_o the_o law_n which_o prohibit_v usury_n be_v moral_a pag._n 45._o because_o the_o allowance_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n be_v only_o a_o judicial_a for_o unless_o it_o have_v be_v a_o sin_n what_o need_v a_o toleration_n since_o lawful_a thing_n have_v no_o need_n of_o a_o permission_n answ_n 1._o if_o the_o allow_v of_o usury_n to_o stranger_n be_v no_o law_n at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o exception_n or_o proviso_n annex_v to_o a_o former_a law_n than_o it_o can_v be_v no_o judicial_a all_o law_n do_v command_n or_o forbid_v something_o but_o this_o if_o it_o be_v a_o exception_n do_v neither_o because_o it_o leave_v the_o thing_n indifferent_a as_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o such_o proviso_n in_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o law_n than_o it_o must_v bind_v affirmative_o and_o not_o only_o that_o one_o may_v but_o that_o one_o must_v take_v usury_n of_o a_o stranger_n for_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v thou_o shall_v lend_v upon_o usury_n or_o shall_v cause_v to_o bite_v and_o the_o hebrew_n understand_v this_o to_o be_v a_o commandment_n and_o not_o a_o permission_n only_o second_o whereas_o they_o compare_v the_o allowance_n of_o usury_n to_o the_o permission_n of_o divorce_n they_o err_v notorious_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o allow_v and_o permit_v be_v most_o manifest_a as_o dr._n downam_n confess_v pag._n 298._o we_o allow_v those_o thing_n only_o which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v good_a or_o at_o least_o indifferent_a but_o we_o permit_v only_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v esteem_v evil_a god_n have_v say_v by_o moses_n thou_o may_v or_o thou_o shall_v take_v usury_n of_o
all_o which_o be_v reducible_a to_o some_o one_o commandment_n or_o other_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n if_o all_o the_o levitical_a law_n be_v read_v over_o it_o can_v be_v find_v that_o ever_o any_o judicial_a be_v deliver_v with_o such_o restriction_n qualification_n and_o diminish_v term_n as_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n thy_o brother_n thy_o poor_a brother_n thy_o poor_a brother_n that_o be_v with_o thou_o the_o general_a name_n of_o neighbour_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o use_v about_o it_o it_o be_v no_o where_o say_v thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o thy_o neighbour_n beside_o this_o law_n have_v a_o allowance_n which_o no_o other_o judicial_a have_v and_o last_o this_o law_n of_o usury_n take_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o adversary_n for_o all_o increase_n from_o the_o rich_a also_o can_v be_v no_o breach_n of_o charity_n in_o some_o case_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o equity_n in_o it_o which_o be_v find_v even_o in_o all_o judicial_n indeed_o i_o find_v dr._n downam_n bring_v to_o such_o straits_n as_o to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o respect_n which_o make_v usury_n unlawful_a beside_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o neighbour_n pag._n 295._o but_o if_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o that_o law_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o second_o table_n as_o dr._n fenton_n affirm_v how_o it_o can_v be_v a_o sin_n without_o breach_n of_o charity_n to_o the_o neighbour_n pass_v my_o understanding_n since_o charity_n be_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o law_n whereas_o dr._n downam_n do_v compare_v usury_n to_o a_o officious_a lie_n which_o be_v a_o sin_n though_o it_o hurt_v not_o but_o help_v the_o neighbour_n pag._n 277._o it_o be_v true_a a_o officious_a lie_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o a_o sin_n against_o the_o first_o commandment_n of_o the_o first_o table_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o truth_n which_o be_v a_o essential_a attribute_n of_o god_n every_o one_o that_o lie_v do_v thereby_o deny_v and_o forsake_v the_o true_a god_n let_v 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in_o the_o give_n of_o the_o law_n we_o may_v see_v in_o levit._n 19_o 9_o the_o prohibition_n of_o reap_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o field_n and_o glean_v the_o vineyard_n which_o be_v judicial_n set_v immediate_o before_o the_o forbid_a of_o steal_v lie_v and_o swear_v which_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n in_o the_o 13._o verse_n of_o the_o same_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v not_o defraud_v thy_o neighbour_n nor_o rob_v he_o the_o wage_n of_o he_o that_o be_v hire_v shall_v not_o abide_v with_o thou_o all_o night_n until_o the_o morning_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v moral_a the_o latter_a be_v judicial_a and_o also_o in_o the_o 16._o verse_n the_o prohibition_n of_o enchantment_n or_o witchcraft_n be_v set_v between_o the_o forbid_v of_o eat_a blood_n and_o round_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o head_n and_o mar_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o beard_n second_o whereas_o dr._n downam_n say_v pag_n 219._o the_o holy_a ghost_n decipher_v a_o wicked_a man_n that_o shall_v die_v the_o death_n if_o he_o do_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n we_o find_v first_o that_o the_o word_n in_o the_o orginal_a be_v if_o he_o do_v like_a to_o any_o one_o of_o these_o thing_n or_o as_o our_o new_a translation_n have_v it_o in_o the_o margin_n or_o that_o do_v to_o his_o brother_n beside_o any_o of_o these_o three_o whereas_o dr._n downam_n conjoyn_v these_o sin_n by_o the_o disjumctive_a or_o our_o new_a translator_n use_v the_o copulative_a and_o last_o to_o confound_v dr._n downam_n opinion_n the_o text_n in_o the_o 13._o verse_n say_v he_o have_v do_v all_o these_o abomination_n he_o shall_v sure_o die_v and_o good_a reason_n for_o some_o of_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n as_o idolatry_n and_o adultery_n but_o usury_n or_o the_o take_n and_o keep_v of_o a_o pledge_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o punishment_n appoint_v by_o moses_n neither_o have_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o restore_v the_o pledge_n be_v judicial_a 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be_v express_o forbid_v in_o the_o law_n levit._n 25._o 23._o it_o may_v be_v i_o can_v allege_v as_o good_a a_o text_n for_o usury_n i_o think_v the_o 6_o of_o luke_n which_o be_v allege_v against_o it_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n be_v produce_v for_o it_o and_o if_o we_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o literal_a and_o common_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o original_a we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o command_v there_o what_o exception_n can_v be_v take_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v translate_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v not_o that_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n in_o all_o author_n have_v not_o the_o latin_a borrow_v the_o word_n danista_n a_o usurer_n and_o danisma_n usury_n from_o the_o greek_a although_o our_o translation_n say_v only_o lend_v this_o general_a word_n may_v also_o comprehend_v lend_v upon_o use_n it_o accord_v with_o the_o original_a and_o cross_v not_o the_o translation_n but_o it_o may_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n may_v be_v here_o in_o this_o text_n allow_v by_o our_o adversary_n if_o we_o will_v observe_v as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o text_n to_o look_v for_o nothing_o again_o these_o word_n of_o look_v or_o hope_v for_o nothing_o again_o although_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a they_o have_v another_o more_o proper_a signification_n as_o be_v show_v by_o beza_n who_o be_v no_o friend_n to_o usury_n you_o shall_v have_v his_o word_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o luke_n 6._o 35._o i_o confess_v say_v he_o that_o i_o never_o read_v in_o any_o other_o place_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o signification_n to_o hope_v
and_o chemnitius_n be_v the_o only_o note_a man_n abroad_o and_o here_o at_o home_n dr._n downam_n bishop_n of_o londonderry_n in_o ireland_n dr._n fenton_n and_o learned_a dr_n andrews_n late_a bishop_n of_o winchester_n i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o dr._n fenton_n treatise_n to_o examine_v because_o it_o be_v the_o late_a and_o i_o find_v little_a of_o any_o moment_n but_o be_v in_o he_o i_o desire_v his_o book_n may_v be_v first_o thorough_o read_v for_o otherwise_o what_o i_o write_v will_v not_o so_o easy_o be_v understand_v to_o give_v some_o brief_a account_n to_o the_o reader_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o scatter_a argument_n in_o this_o tractate_n he_o must_v know_v that_o my_o scope_n and_o intention_n be_v to_o show_v that_o usury_n be_v no_o where_o in_o scripture_n forbid_v to_o christian_n but_o that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a as_o any_o other_o contract_n or_o bargain_n unless_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v prohibit_v or_o moderate_v it_o as_o a_o point_n of_o state_n or_o policy_n and_o that_o no_o state_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v or_o ever_o do_v stand_v without_o it_o or_o that_o which_o in_o contract_n be_v equivalent_a to_o it_o since_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v the_o foundation_n and_o rule_n which_o govern_v the_o valuation_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o bargain_n i_o further_o maintain_v that_o usury_n be_v never_o forbid_v to_o the_o jew_n only_o by_o reason_n that_o by_o a_o more_o special_a appointment_n of_o god_n they_o dwell_v in_o a_o land_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o stranger_n moses_n make_v a_o politic_a judicial_a law_n that_o the_o jew_n shall_v take_v usury_n of_o those_o stranger_n and_o not_o of_o their_o poor_a brother_n not_o much_o unlike_a as_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v ordain_v in_o london_n that_o citizen_n shall_v take_v usury_n of_o man_n of_o midlesex_n and_o not_o of_o poor_a tradesman_n of_o the_o city_n more_o particular_o i_o undertake_v to_o manifest_v that_o the_o definition_n of_o usury_n wherein_o dr._n down_o and_o dr_n fenton_n main_o differ_v between_o themselves_o be_v neither_o warrantable_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n nor_o justifiable_a by_o any_o proof_n or_o ground_n in_o scripture_n or_o by_o any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n either_o in_o counsel_n or_o father_n and_o that_o the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n about_o usury_n be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o coherence_n of_o the_o text_n and_o the_o conference_n of_o other_o place_n do_v show_v that_o those_o law_n do_v only_o intend_v a_o prohibition_n of_o take_v usury_n of_o such_o as_o borrow_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o be_v in_o charity_n to_o be_v relieve_v and_o yet_o those_o law_n which_o do_v in_o such_o case_n only_o prohibit_v usury_n to_o the_o jew_n be_v not_o moral_a or_o perpetual_a but_o judicial_a and_o temporary_a and_o no_o way_n bind_v we_o but_o we_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o guide_v we_o in_o our_o contract_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n i_o show_v that_o all_o the_o property_n of_o let_v do_v agree_v to_o money_n and_o that_o usury_n in_o itself_o be_v neither_o unnatural_a ungodly_a unjust_a or_o uncharitable_a last_o i_o do_v show_v that_o dr_n downam_n dr_n fenton_n and_o all_o other_o that_o do_v most_o condemn_v usury_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v at_o last_o that_o usury_n may_v be_v lawful_a they_o all_o allow_v the_o take_n of_o interest_n mortgage_n annuity_n and_o lease_n for_o year_n all_o which_o by_o their_o own_o exposition_n and_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o usury_n and_o do_v only_o differ_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o security_n or_o contract_n after_o they_o have_v eager_o dispute_v that_o all_o contract_n for_o gain_v by_o lend_v be_v usurious_a at_o the_o end_n they_o quiet_o conclude_v that_o the_o contract_n be_v not_o usury_n but_o only_o the_o secret_a intention_n of_o the_o heart_n make_v it_o to_o be_v usury_n or_o not_o usury_n thus_o in_o few_o word_n they_o overthrow_v at_o last_o the_o foundation_n of_o their_o own_o doctrine_n and_o play_v fast_o and_o loose_a by_o a_o multitude_n of_o their_o irresolute_a distinction_n so_o that_o either_o their_o conclusion_n must_v be_v that_o usury_n be_v lawful_a or_o else_o they_o can_v conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o if_o i_o wrong_v either_o dr._n fenton_n or_o the_o truth_n i_o desire_v friendly_a to_o be_v show_v my_o error_n i_o do_v not_o follow_v he_o here_o line_n by_o line_n for_o so_o i_o may_v tire_v myself_o and_o vex_v other_o with_o unnecessary_a tautology_n i_o have_v only_o endeavour_v to_o extract_v the_o quintessence_n of_o his_o reason_n and_o to_o apply_v myself_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o his_o reason_n not_o his_o rhetoric_n i_o except_v against_o whether_o just_o or_o unjust_o let_v other_o judge_n to_o who_o censure_n i_o submit_v these_o paper_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n who_o do_v often_o reckon_v up_o in_o the_o pulpit_n usury_n as_o one_o of_o the_o cry_v sin_n what_o warrant_v they_o have_v in_o the_o gospel_n for_o such_o boldness_n we_o find_v several_a sin_n number_v up_o by_o our_o saviour_n and_o the_o apostle_n but_o usury_n never_o so_o much_o as_o name_v for_o a_o sin_n in_o the_o whole_a new_a testament_n st._n paul_n in_o the_o five_o to_o the_o galatian_n do_v with_o one_o breath_n reckon_v up_o together_o seventeen_o sin_n which_o he_o reprove_v and_o yet_o usury_n be_v none_o of_o they_o but_o many_o preacher_n can_v reckon_v up_o seven_o deadly_a sin_n except_o they_o make_v usury_n one_o of_o they_o robert_n filmer_n the_o content_n 1._o touch_v the_o definition_n of_o usury_n 2._o of_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n 3._o of_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n 4._o of_o the_o property_n of_o let_v 5._o concern_v humane_a testimony_n of_o father_n council_n divine_n heathen_n and_o law_n 6._o argument_n against_o usury_n 7._o of_o the_o unnaturalness_n of_o usury_n 8._o of_o the_o ungodliness_n of_o usury_n 9_o of_o the_o injustice_n of_o usury_n 10._o of_o the_o uncharitableness_n of_o usury_n a_o treatise_n of_o usury_n touch_v the_o definition_n of_o usury_n i_o let_v pass_v dr._n fenton_n chapter_n of_o name_n of_o usury_n because_o he_o confess_v that_o by_o they_o he_o have_v prove_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o page_z 12._o the_o main_a point_n be_v the_o definition_n which_o he_o say_v must_v not_o be_v omit_v or_o slight_o pass_v over_o because_o it_o be_v a_o great_a and_o necessary_a question_n to_o resolve_v the_o understanding_n what_o that_o usury_n be_v whereof_o we_o dispute_v pag._n 13._o and_o therefore_o he_o do_v entitle_v his_o first_o book_n whole_o about_o the_o definition_n of_o usury_n although_o when_o he_o come_v unto_o the_o point_n he_o do_v nothing_o less_o than_o define_v it_o as_o may_v thus_o appear_v actual_a usury_n say_v he_o pag_n 15._o be_v of_o divers_a diverse_o describe_v a_o variety_n tedious_a to_o relate_v first_o in_o stead_n of_o all_o unlawful_a usury_n he_o speak_v of_o a_o description_n of_o part_n only_o to_o wit_n of_o actual_a usury_n whereas_o he_o shall_v first_o define_v and_o then_o divide_v but_o invert_v the_o rule_n of_o method_n he_o suffer_v mental_a usury_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o sin_n to_o escape_v out_o of_o his_o description_n neither_o do_v he_o so_o much_o as_o describe_v actual_a usury_n only_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o diversity_n of_o description_n of_o other_o but_o never_o let_v we_o know_v which_o he_o approve_v yet_o at_o last_o he_o contract_v the_o pith_n in_o three_o word_n but_o resolve_v not_o how_o we_o shall_v place_v they_o so_o leave_v we_o to_o a_o thus_o or_o thus_o or_o thus_o first_o he_o put_v lucre_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o covenant_n in_o the_o room_n of_o a_o difference_n second_o he_o make_v covenant_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o lend_v the_o difference_n and_o last_o he_o put_v lend_v for_o a_o genus_fw-la and_o lucre_n for_o a_o difference_n thus_o by_o turn_v the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o difference_n and_o the_o difference_n into_o the_o genus_fw-la he_o leave_v we_o uncertain_a of_o his_o description_n yet_o conclude_v that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o three_o word_n we_o may_v find_v usury_n but_o who_o know_v not_o that_o three_o word_n diverse_o place_v breed_v many_o time_n different_a and_o some_o time_n contrary_a sense_n yet_o this_o be_v all_o the_o definition_n you_o be_v like_a to_o find_v in_o he_o and_o thus_o in_o few_o line_n he_o pass_v over_o slight_o that_o necessary_a question_n which_o will_v resolve_v our_o understanding_n what_o usury_n be_v but_o let_v we_o draw_v a_o little_a close_o and_o
be_v if_o dr._n fenton_n and_o those_o that_o condemn_v all_o usury_n have_v be_v so_o observant_a of_o the_o letter_n or_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o law_n as_o they_o do_v pretend_v they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v themselves_o so_o much_o about_o contract_n which_o be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o law_n but_o will_v rather_o have_v conclude_v that_o the_o very_a take_n of_o usury_n or_o increase_n though_o it_o be_v not_o contract_v for_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a by_o the_o law_n in_o levit._n 25._o 36._o where_o it_o be_v say_v take_v thou_o no_o usury_n of_o he_o how_o then_o can_v these_o man_n justify_v the_o take_v of_o their_o foenus_fw-la liberale_fw-mi which_o they_o commend_v or_o the_o foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la which_o they_o allow_v or_o the_o contractus_fw-la societatis_fw-la or_o partnership_n which_o they_o so_o much_o extol_v since_o all_o these_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n if_o to_o take_v increase_n be_v unlawful_a to_o the_o jew_n themselves_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n do_v seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o take_n of_o a_o gratuity_n nay_o some_o of_o they_o do_v think_v it_o usury_n if_o a_o man_n do_v but_o salute_v or_o bid_v good_a morrow_n to_o he_o that_o have_v lend_v he_o money_n if_o he_o do_v not_o use_v to_o do_v so_o before_o he_o borrow_v it_o because_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o any_o word_n deut._n 23._o our_o translation_n have_v it_o usury_n of_o anything_o sure_o such_o salvation_n be_v not_o contract_v for_o nor_o be_v of_o any_o valuable_a price_n or_o money_n worth_a i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o text_n bring_v by_o dr._n fenton_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n against_o usury_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v none_o although_o dr._n downam_n and_o some_o other_o do_v cite_v two_o text_n first_o mat._n 5._o 42._o give_v to_o he_o that_o ask_v and_o from_o he_o that_o will_v borrow_v of_o thou_o turn_v not_o away_o if_o we_o ask_v dr._n dow_n nam_fw-la whether_o every_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o lend_v to_o every_o one_o that_o ask_v his_o answer_n be_v respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o thy_o ability_n and_o of_o his_o necessity_n and_o also_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a and_o present_a necessity_n of_o his_o honesty_n if_o his_o necessity_n urge_v he_o to_o borrow_v and_o thy_o estate_n enable_v thou_o to_o lend_v thou_o be_v bind_v to_o lend_v unto_o he_o especial_o if_o his_o honesty_n deserve_v to_o be_v respect_v lect._n on_o the_o 15._o psalm_n pag._n 224._o why_o may_v not_o the_o same_o respect_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o all_o text_n against_o usury_n second_o he_o cite_v luke_n 6._o 35_o lend_v look_v for_o nothing_o thence_o last_o both_o he_o and_o dr._n fenton_n do_v apply_v all_o text_n that_o do_v mention_n lend_v free_o or_o charitableness_n to_o the_o poor_a or_o mercifulness_n to_o our_o neighbour_n as_o heap_n of_o so_o many_o place_n against_o usury_n although_o the_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o whole_a new_a testament_n as_o condemn_v for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v glad_o hear_v all_o exhortation_n to_o charity_n and_o think_v they_o more_o than_o needful_a and_o if_o any_o man_n be_v so_o great_a a_o usurer_n as_o that_o he_o make_v himself_o thereby_o unable_a to_o be_v merciful_a to_o the_o poor_a such_o a_o man_n may_v be_v just_o condemn_v and_o i_o shall_v never_o defend_v he_o but_o to_o conclude_v because_o a_o man_n must_v give_v to_o the_o poor_a therefore_o he_o may_v not_o let_v to_o the_o rich_a be_v no_o good_a consequence_n the_o text_n that_o bid_v i_o lend_v free_o do_v not_o thereby_o forbid_v not_o to_o let_v at_o all_o but_o that_o upon_o several_a occasion_n and_o according_a to_o divers_a circumstance_n i_o may_v do_v either_o if_o the_o command_v to_o observe_v one_o sort_n of_o contract_n be_v the_o prohibit_v of_o all_o other_o kind_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o i_o may_v neither_o give_v money_n to_o the_o poor_a nor_o fell_a victual_n to_o the_o rich_a because_o i_o be_o command_v to_o lend_v both_o but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n the_o law_n against_o usury_n have_v be_v moral_a and_o deliver_v in_o as_o general_a term_n as_o can_v be_v devise_v be_v there_o not_o many_o law_n and_o text_n which_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v expound_v otherwise_o than_o the_o bare_a letter_n sound_v and_o according_a to_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o natural_a reason_n so_o that_o it_o contradict_v not_o any_o other_o plain_a or_o necessary_a doctrine_n nor_o overthrow_v the_o analogy_n of_o faith_n there_o be_v a_o law_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n that_o say_v swear_v not_o at_o all_o and_o again_o he_o say_v to_o he_o that_o ask_v give_v neither_o of_o these_o law_n must_v be_v literal_o understand_v but_o interpret_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o natural_a reason_n and_o discretion_n christ_n forbid_v his_o diciple_n to_o carry_v gold_n or_o silver_n or_o any_o manner_n of_o coin_n in_o their_o purse_n i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o dr._n fenton_n and_o other_o have_v follow_v the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n but_o i_o trust_v they_o will_v grant_v a_o interpretation_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o bare_a letter_n there_o be_v divers_a such_o text_n as_o if_o thy_o eye_n offend_v thou_o pull_v it_o out_o pray_v continual_o if_o any_o sue_v thou_o for_o thy_o coat_n let_v he_o have_v thy_o cloak_n also_o all_o which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o otherwise_o understand_v than_o the_o bare_a word_n do_v bear_v will_v bring_v great_a confusion_n with_o they_o and_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o no_o reason_n nor_o law_n can_v or_o may_v allow_v in_o any_o case_n the_o light_n of_o nature_n must_v help_v to_o guide_v we_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o many_o text_n it_o be_v dr._n fentons_n own_o confession_n p._n 34._o that_o usury_n be_v a_o question_n of_o that_o nature_n as_o be_v not_o only_o determinable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o scripture_n but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n those_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o common_a equity_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n which_o point_n have_v need_n be_v well_o consider_v because_o as_o mr._n hooker_n say_v a_o number_n there_o be_v who_o think_v they_o can_v admire_v as_o they_o ought_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n if_o in_o thing_n divine_a they_o shall_v attribute_v any_o force_n to_o man_n reason_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o never_o use_v reason_n so_o willing_o as_o to_o disgrace_v reason_n p._n 97._o nor_o let_v any_o man_n think_v say_v he_o that_o follow_v the_o judgement_n of_o natural_a discretion_n we_o can_v have_v no_o assurance_n to_o please_v god_n for_o to_o the_o author_n and_o god_n of_o nature_n how_o shall_v any_o operation_n proceed_v in_o natural_a sort_n be_v in_o that_o respect_n unacceptable_a the_o nature_n which_o himself_o have_v give_v to_o work_v by_o he_o can_v but_o be_v delight_v with_o when_o we_o exercise_v the_o same_o any_o way_n without_o commandment_n of_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_a p._n 60._o now_o if_o any_o place_n in_o the_o bible_n may_v receive_v a_o interpretation_n from_o the_o rule_n and_o principle_n of_o natural_a reason_n why_o may_v not_o the_o text_n of_o usury_n since_o it_o be_v conversant_a altogether_o about_o covenant_n and_o contract_n which_o be_v ground_v only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o many_o case_n there_o be_v which_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o to_o be_v no_o apparent_a breach_n of_o charity_n nor_o any_o injustice_n find_v in_o they_o insomuch_o that_o dr._n downam_n be_v bring_v thereby_o to_o such_o a_o straight_a as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o respect_n which_o make_v usury_n unlawful_a beside_o the_o hurt_n of_o our_o neighbour_n p._n 44._o and_o 125._o but_o if_o charity_n be_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n i_o will_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o talk_v their_o fill_n yet_o i_o can_v believe_v how_o usury_n can_v be_v a_o sin_n if_o it_o hurt_v not_o my_o neighbour_n their_o pretence_n of_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o rich_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a sanctuary_n of_o ignorance_n and_o a_o fiction_n which_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v since_o it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o rich_a commonwealth_n whether_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o prove_v the_o law_n against_o usury_n to_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a d._n downam_n produce_v a_o main_a argument_n which_o be_v not_o in_o dr._n fenton_n his_o word_n be_v the_o law_n which_o command_v
a_o stranger_n he_o never_o say_v thou_o may_v divorce_v thy_o wife_n if_o she_o displease_v thou_o or_o thou_o shall_v put_v she_o away_o but_o the_o law_n be_v if_o she_o do_v displease_v thou_o and_o find_v no_o favour_n in_o thy_o eye_n and_o if_o thou_o shall_v put_v she_o away_o and_o if_o she_o do_v marry_v another_o and_o if_o he_o also_o put_v she_o away_o then_o say_v the_o law_n her_o first_o husband_n may_v not_o take_v she_o again_o deut._n 24._o 1._o 2_o 3_o 4._o so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o divorce_n be_v only_o to_o keep_v the_o woman_n from_o return_v to_o her_o first_o husband_n after_o a_o second_o marriage_n all_o that_o go_v before_o be_v but_o by_o way_n of_o supposition_n but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v contend_v that_o the_o write_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o divorce_n be_v enjoin_v in_o the_o law_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o permission_n but_o a_o command_n contrary_a to_o our_o saviour_n doctrine_n who_o call_v it_o a_o permission_n mat._n 19_o 8._o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o command_n we_o must_v needs_o understand_v it_o as_o a_o order_n only_o how_o and_o after_o what_o manmer_n the_o divorce_n shall_v be_v to_o wit_n by_o bill_n in_o writing_n but_o not_o as_o a_o order_n that_o do_v command_v man_n simple_o to_o be_v divorce_v it_o be_v very_o little_o less_o than_o blasphemy_n to_o say_v that_o moses_n law_n shall_v allow_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v evil_a it_o be_v the_o power_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n to_o make_v both_o the_o rule_n and_o the_o exception_n to_o it_o it_o be_v a_o overbold_a speech_n of_o dr._n fenton_n to_o say_v that_o notwithstanding_o moses_n law_n have_v give_v liberty_n to_o the_o jew_n to_o take_v usury_n of_o stranger_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n to_o do_v it_o and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v absolve_v in_o the_o court_n of_o conscience_n although_o they_o may_v be_v absolve_v in_o the_o external_a court_n pag._n 45._o whereas_o dr._n fenton_n do_v pretend_v that_o a_o reason_n that_o move_v god_n to_o permit_v this_o sin_n of_o usury_n to_o stranger_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o great_a oppression_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o that_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o jewish_a heart_n be_v such_o that_o if_o they_o may_v not_o have_v take_v usury_n of_o stranger_n they_o will_v have_v make_v a_o prey_n of_o their_o own_o brethren_n ib._n answ_n how_o much_o do_v this_o derogate_a from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bridle_v one_o sin_n but_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o some_o other_o and_o if_o the_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n must_v be_v bear_v with_o since_o man_n heart_n be_v as_o much_o harden_v in_o other_o sin_n as_o in_o usury_n why_o be_v not_o some_o other_o sin_n tolerate_v as_o well_o as_o usury_n sure_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v as_o great_a as_o their_o usury_n and_o their_o heart_n go_v a_o whore_v after_o strange_a god_n yet_o dr._n fenton_n can_v show_v that_o any_o idolatry_n be_v permit_v they_o in_o any_o kind_n i_o find_v some_o criticism_n use_v by_o dr._n downam_n upon_o the_o hebrew_n name_n in_o scripture_n which_o signify_v a_o stranger_n pag._n 208._o but_o i_o can_v find_v that_o dr._n fenton_n do_v make_v any_o use_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o gerard_n tashab_n and_o nocre_n which_o he_o translate_v to_o be_v advena_fw-la inquilinus_fw-la and_o hostess_fw-la be_v insist_v upon_o by_o he_o he_o will_v have_v nocre_n to_o signify_v a_o alien_n by_o birth_n religion_n affection_n and_o dwelling_n this_o distinction_n he_o labour_v not_o to_o prove_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o sound_n because_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o tongue_n that_o the_o hebrew_n root_n do_v signify_v to_o be_v ignorant_a or_o not_o to_o know_v so_o that_o whosoever_o be_v unknown_a be_v nocre_n a_o stranger_n though_o he_o be_v not_o of_o another_o nation_n if_o he_o be_v but_o only_o of_o a_o unknown_a family_n the_o word_n be_v use_v by_o solomon_n pro._n 5._o 20._o and_o 6._o 24._o where_o he_o call_v a_o whore_n a_o strange_a woman_n no_o man_n must_v think_v that_o he_o mean_v such_o whore_n only_o as_o be_v of_o another_o nation_n or_o religion_n but_o all_o such_o as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v know_v to_o they_o as_o wife_n so_o god_n forbid_v the_o jew_n deut._n 17._o 15._o that_o they_o shall_v not_o set_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v king_n over_o they_o sure_o he_o mean_v such_o stranger_n as_o dwell_v among_o they_o there_o be_v little_a danger_n that_o they_o will_v choose_v a_o enemy_n that_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n i_o find_v in_o levit._n 22._o 10._o it_o be_v say_v there_o shall_v no_o stranger_n eat_v of_o the_o holy_a thing_n that_o be_v whosoever_o be_v not_o of_o the_o priest_n family_n so_o that_o the_o word_n stranger_n may_v sometime_o signify_v a_o israelite_n of_o another_o family_n or_o tribe_n d._n downam_n affirm_v that_o a_o jew_n be_v permit_v to_o take_v usury_n of_o such_o stranger_n only_o as_o be_v enemy_n and_o alien_n both_o in_o affection_n and_o religion_n birth_n and_o habitation_n so_o that_o if_o a_o stranger_n do_v but_o dwell_v or_o converse_v among_o the_o jew_n they_o may_v not_o take_v usury_n of_o he_o but_o dr._n downam_n shall_v remember_v that_o a_o brother_n and_o a_o stranger_n in_o the_o levitical_a law_n be_v membra_fw-la dividentia_fw-la he_o that_o be_v not_o a_o brother_n be_v a_o stranger_n and_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o a_o brother_n levit_fw-la 25._o 42._o be_v only_o a_o israelite_n circumcise_v bring_v out_o of_o egypt_n if_o therefore_o the_o law_n have_v prohibit_v only_o the_o take_n of_o usury_n of_o a_o israelite_n and_o allow_v only_o the_o take_n of_o it_o of_o a_o enemy_n stranger_n than_o the_o law_n have_v be_v very_o imperfect_a and_o defective_a because_o there_o have_v be_v no_o direction_n in_o the_o law_n for_o such_o stranger_n as_o have_v be_v sojourner_n or_o proselyte_n who_o be_v neither_o brethren_n nor_o enemy_n if_o any_o man_n think_v that_o a_o proselyte_n or_o sojourner_n may_v be_v account_v a_o brother_n let_v he_o but_o read_v levit._n 25._o verse_n 39_o 40_o 42_o 44_o 45_o and_o 46._o i_o know_v dr._n fenton_n p._n 46._o will_v have_v we_o think_v that_o a_o jew_n may_v take_v usury_n of_o a_o stranger_n because_o he_o may_v also_o kill_v he_o but_o i_o must_v deny_v that_o any_o private_a man_n may_v kill_v a_o stranger_n but_o in_o a_o public_a war_n neither_o can_v the_o like_a text_n be_v show_v for_o the_o allow_v of_o the_o murder_n of_o a_o stranger_n by_o a_o private_a man_n many_o place_n there_o be_v in_o which_o the_o jew_n be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v charitable_a to_o stranger_n thou_o shall_v not_o vex_v a_o stranger_n exod._n 22._o 21._o love_v you_o the_o stranger_n for_o you_o be_v stranger_n in_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n deut._n 10._o 19_o thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v a_o stranger_n for_o you_o know_v the_o heart_n of_o a_o stranger_n because_o you_o be_v stranger_n in_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n exod_n 23._o 9_o there_o be_v in_o many_o case_n the_o self_n same_o charity_n to_o be_v show_v to_o the_o stranger_n as_o to_o the_o poor_a the_o corner_n of_o the_o harvest-field_n the_o glean_n of_o it_o and_o the_o single_a grape_n thou_o shall_v leave_v for_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o stranger_n levit_fw-la 19_o 9_o also_o the_o three_o year_n tithe_n the_o forget_a sheaf_n the_o feast_n of_o pentecost_n and_o of_o tabernacle_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o relief_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o stranger_n fatherless_a and_o the_o widow_n there_o be_v many_o more_o law_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o poor_a the_o equity_n of_o they_o certain_o continue_v unto_o this_o day_n but_o no_o man_n but_o a_o jew_n be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o say_v the_o rigorous_a observation_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v require_v of_o we_o why_o then_o must_v they_o law_n against_o usury_n more_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v necessary_a it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v affirm_v that_o all_o the_o judicial_a law_n be_v moral_a let_v they_o show_v we_o by_o what_o rule_v they_o do_v distinguish_v these_o law_n i_o do_v apprehend_v that_o the_o judicial_n be_v conversant_a about_o the_o morality_n of_o outward_a action_n as_o about_o the_o distinction_n of_o right_n the_o distribution_n of_o inheritance_n the_o punishment_n of_o crime_n as_o of_o blasphemy_n perjury_n murder_n adultery_n manslaughter_n fornication_n or_o the_o like_a about_o the_o rite_n of_o marriage_n of_o divorce_n of_o bondage_n of_o usury_n of_o witness_n and_o of_o many_o other_o action_n the_o equity_n of_o