de_fw-fr republica_fw-la anglorum_n the_o manner_n of_o government_n or_o policy_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n compile_v by_o the_o honourable_a man_n thomas_n smyth_n doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n knight_n and_o principal_a secretary_n unto_o the_o two_o most_o worthy_a prince_n king_n edward_n the_o sixth_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n see_v and_o allow_v at_o london_n print_v by_o henry_n midleton_n for_o gregory_n seton_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1583._o to_o the_o reader_n to_o conceal_v the_o grace_n inspire_v by_o god_n or_o the_o gift_n ingraff_v by_o nature_n or_o the_o virtue_n achieve_v unto_o ourselves_o by_o industry_n in_o all_o age_n and_o of_o all_o wise_a man_n be_v account_v unduetifulnesse_n unkindness_n &_o impiety_n unto_o that_o common_a wealth_n in_o the_o which_o and_o unto_o the_o which_o we_o be_v both_o breed_v and_o bear_v but_o to_o suppress_v the_o worthy_a work_n of_o any_o author_n may_v just_o be_v judge_v not_o only_a injury_n to_o the_o person_n but_o even_o envy_n at_o the_o whole_a world_n wherefore_o chance_v upon_o this_o short_a discourse_n compile_v by_o the_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n thomas_n smyth_n and_o consider_v that_o the_o same_o can_v not_o but_o be_v a_o great_a light_n unto_o the_o ignorant_a &_o no_o less_o delight_n unto_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n and_o policy_n of_o sundry_a regiment_n i_o think_v it_o part_v of_o my_o duty_n aswell_o for_o reviue_v of_o the_o fame_n of_o so_o notable_a a_o man_n as_o for_o the_o public_a impart_v of_o so_o pithy_a a_o treatise_n to_o present_v the_o same_o unto_o thy_o indifferent_a and_o discreet_a judgement_n wherein_o although_o the_o error_n &_o rashness_n of_o scribe_n appear_v in_o the_o contrariety_n &_o corruption_n of_o copy_n happen_v both_o by_o the_o length_n of_o time_n since_o the_o first_o make_v as_o also_o by_o the_o often_o transcript_v may_v just_o have_v be_v my_o excuse_n or_o rather_o discourage_v yet_o weigh_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o author_n together_o with_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o matter_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o the_o reverence_n due_a unto_o the_o one_o &_o the_o recompense_n deserve_v by_o the_o other_o will_v easy_o countervail_v all_o fault_n commit_v by_o a_o clerk_n &_o writer_n and_o whereas_o some_o term_n or_o other_o matter_n may_v seem_v to_o dissent_v from_o the_o usual_a phrase_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n not_o withstand_v to_o he_o that_o will_v consider_v that_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o maker_n be_v principal_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v expect_v as_o one_o excellent_a in_o both_o &_o also_o that_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o work_n be_v in_o france_n far_o from_o his_o library_n and_o in_o a_o ambassad_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o weighty_a affair_n it_o can_v nor_o ought_v not_o without_o great_a ingratitude_n be_v displesant_a or_o in_o any_o sort_n dislike_a wherefore_o gentle_a reader_n accept_v in_o good_a part_n my_o zeal_n and_o this_o honourable_a man_n travail_n assure_v thyself_o that_o the_o same_o frame_v by_o a_o expert_a workemaister_n and_o forge_v of_o pure_a and_o excellent_a mettle_n will_v not_o fail_v in_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o right_n commodious_a instrument_n vale._n de_fw-fr republica_fw-la anglorum_n the_o manner_n of_o government_n or_o policy_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o common_a wealth_n or_o government_n chap._n i._n they_o that_o have_v write_v heretofore_o of_o common_a wealth_n have_v bring_v they_o into_o three_o most_o simple_a and_o special_a kind_n or_o fashion_n of_o government_n the_o first_o where_o one_o alone_o do_v govern_v be_v call_v of_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d monarchia_fw-la the_o second_o where_o the_o small_a number_n common_o call_v of_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aristocratiae_fw-la and_o the_o third_o where_o the_o multitude_n do_v rule_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d democratia_fw-la to_o rule_v be_v understand_v to_o have_v the_o high_a and_o supreme_a authority_n of_o commandment_n that_o part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v say_v to_o rule_v which_o do_v control_v correct_v and_o direct_v all_o other_o member_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o part_n which_o do_v rule_v define_v and_o command_v according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n be_v take_v in_o every_o common_a wealth_n to_o be_v just_a and_o law_n as_o a_o rule_n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v straight_o and_o to_o which_o all_o work_n be_v to_o be_v conform_v and_o by_o it_o to_o be_v judge_v i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o lesbian_o rule_n which_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o stone_n but_o the_o right_a rule_n whereby_o the_o artificer_n and_o the_o architect_n do_v judge_v the_o straightness_n of_o every_o man_n work_n he_o to_o be_v reckon_v to_o make_v his_o work_n perfect_a who_o go_v near_a to_o the_o straightness_n what_o be_v just_a or_o law_n in_o every_o common_a wealth_n or_o government_n chap._n 2._o now_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v profitable_a to_o every_o common_a wealth_n as_o it_o be_v to_o every_o thing_n general_o and_o particular_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o she_o most_o perfect_a estate_n then_o if_o that_o part_n which_o do_v bear_v the_o rule_n do_v command_v that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o it_o and_o the_o commandment_n of_o that_o part_n which_o do_v rule_n on_o that_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v accept_v in_o every_o common_a wealth_n respective_o to_o be_v just_a as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o definition_n which_o thrasimachus_n do_v make_v that_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o roll_a and_o most_o strong_a part_n if_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o city_n or_o common_a wealth_n be_v not_o so_o far_o out_o of_o the_o way_n iust._n if_o it_o be_v civil_o understand_v as_o plato_n will_v make_v it_o but_o as_o there_o be_v profitable_a and_o likelihood_n of_o profit_n so_o there_o be_v right_a and_o likelihood_n of_o right_n and_o aswell_o may_v the_o rule_v and_o sovereign_a part_n command_v that_o which_o be_v not_o his_o profit_n as_o the_o just_a man_n may_v offend_v notwithstanding_o his_o just_a and_o true_a meaning_n when_o he_o will_v amend_v that_o which_o be_v amiss_o and_o help_v the_o common_a wealth_n and_o do_v good_a unto_o it_o for_o in_o much_o as_o he_o attempt_v to_o do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n which_o be_v already_o put_v he_o therefore_o by_o the_o law_n be_v just_o to_o be_v condemn_v because_o his_o do_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o ordinance_n of_o that_o part_n which_o do_v command_v an_o other_o division_n of_o common_a wealth_n chap._n 3._o but_o this_o matter_n yet_o take_v a_o other_o doubt_n for_o of_o these_o manner_n of_o rulinge_n by_o one_o by_o the_o few_o part_n &_o by_o the_o multitude_n or_o great_a number_n they_o which_o have_v more_o methodical_o &_o more_o distinct_o and_o perfect_o write_v upon_o they_o do_v make_v a_o subdivision_n and_o divide_v each_o into_o two_o make_v the_o one_o good_a and_o just_a and_o the_o other_o evil_a and_o unjust_a as_o where_o one_o rule_v the_o one_o they_o call_v a_o king_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o tyrant_n where_o the_o few_o number_n the_o one_o they_o name_v a_o govern_n of_o the_o best_a man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o remp._n optimatum_fw-la the_o other_o of_o the_o usurp_n of_o a_o few_o gentleman_n or_o a_o few_o of_o the_o rich_a &_o strong_a sort_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o paucorum_fw-la potestatem_fw-la and_o where_o the_o multitude_n do_v govern_v the_o one_o they_o call_v a_o common_a wealth_n by_o the_o general_a name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o the_o rule_n or_o the_o usurp_n of_o the_o popular_a or_o rascal_n and_o vile_a sort_n because_o they_o be_v more_o in_o number_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d example_n of_o change_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o government_n chap._n 4._o in_o common_a wealth_n which_o have_v have_v long_a continuance_n the_o diversity_n of_o time_n have_v make_v all_o these_o manner_n of_o rule_v or_o government_n to_o be_v see_v as_o in_o rome_n king_n romulus_n numa_n servius_n tyrant_n tarqvinius_n sylla_n caesar_n the_o rule_n of_o best_a man_n as_o in_o time_n when_o the_o first_o consul_n be_v and_o the_o usurp_n of_o a_o few_o as_o of_o the_o senator_n after_o the_o death_n of_o tarqvinius_n and_o before_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o tribunate_a and_o manifest_o in_o the_o decemuirate_n but_o more_o pernicious_o in_o the_o triumuirate_n of_o caesar_n crassus_n and_o pompeius_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o
possessor_n ab_fw-la intestato_fw-la for_o a_o debt_n which_o the_o dead_a ought_v i_o i_o must_v sue_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n these_o two_o court_n the_o temporal_a and_o the_o spiritual_a be_v so_o divide_v that_o who_o so_o ever_o sue_v for_o any_o thing_n to_o rome_n or_o in_o any_o spiritual_a court_n for_o that_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n of_o the_o realm_n court_n by_o a_o old_a law_n of_o england_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o praemunire_n that_o be_v he_o forset_v all_o his_o good_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o body_n to_o remain_v in_o prison_n during_o the_o prince_n pleasure_n and_o not_o that_o only_a but_o the_o judge_n the_o scribe_n the_o procurer_n and_o assessor_n which_o receive_v and_o do_v maintain_v that_o usurp_v plead_v do_v incur_v the_o same_o danger_n whether_o the_o word_n praemunire_n do_v betoken_v that_o the_o authority_n &_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v provide_v for_o before_o and_o defend_v by_o that_o law_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v that_o name_n praemunire_n or_o praemuniri_fw-la or_o because_o that_o by_o that_o law_n such_o a_o attemture_n have_v have_v warning_n give_v before_o to_o he_o of_o the_o danger_n into_o which_o he_o fall_v by_o such_o attempt_n and_o then_o praemunire_n be_v barbarous_o write_v for_o praemonere_fw-la praemoneri_fw-la as_o some_o man_n have_v hold_v opinion_n i_o will_v not_o define_v the_o effect_n be_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v and_o the_o law_n be_v first_o make_v in_o king_n richard_n the_o seconde_n time_n and_o be_v the_o remedy_n which_o be_v use_v when_o the_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n will_v go_v about_o to_o encroach_v any_o thing_n upon_o the_o temporal_a court_n because_o this_o court_n or_o form_n which_o be_v call_v curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la be_v yet_o take_v as_o appear_v for_o a_o extern_a and_o foreign_a court_n and_o differ_v from_o the_o policy_n and_o manner_n of_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v a_o other_o court_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n and_o writ_n of_o praemunire_n than_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la aut_fw-la reginae_fw-la yet_o at_o this_o present_a this_o court_n as_o well_o as_o other_o have_v her_o force_n power_n authority_n rule_n and_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o royal_a majesty_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n &_o from_o no_o other_o foreign_a potentate_n or_o power_n under_o god_n which_o be_v grant_v as_o indeed_o it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v now_o appear_v by_o some_o reason_n that_o the_o first_o statute_n of_o praemuniâ—e_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v have_v now_o no_o place_n in_o england_n see_v there_o be_v no_o plead_n alibi_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la ac_fw-la reginae_fw-la i_o have_v declare_v summary_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o chart_n or_o map_n or_o as_o aristotle_n term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o england_n and_o the_o policy_n thereof_o and_o set_v before_o your_o eye_n the_o principal_a point_n wherein_o it_o do_v differ_v from_o the_o policy_n or_o government_n at_o this_o time_n use_v in_o france_n italy_n spain_n germany_n and_o all_o other_o country_n which_o do_v follow_v the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n compile_v by_o justinian_n into_o his_o pandect_n and_o code_n not_o in_o that_o sort_n as_o plato_n make_v his_o common_a wealth_n or_o zenophon_n his_o kingdom_n of_o persia_n nor_o as_o sir_n thomas_n more_n his_o utopia_n be_v feign_v common_a wealth_n such_o as_o never_o be_v nor_o never_o shall_v be_v vain_a imagination_n fantasy_n of_o philosopher_n to_o occupy_v the_o time_n and_o to_o exercise_v their_o wit_n but_o so_o as_o england_n stand_v and_o be_v govern_v at_o this_o day_n the_o xxviij_o of_o march_n anno_fw-la 1565._o in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n and_o administration_n thereof_o by_o the_o most_o virtuous_a and_o noble_a queen_n elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o in_o the_o one_o &_o fiftéeth_n year_n of_o my_o age_n when_o i_o be_v ambassador_n for_o her_o majesty_n in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o sceptre_n whereof_o at_o that_o time_n the_o noble_a prince_n and_o of_o great_a hope_n charles_n maximilian_n do_v hold_v have_v then_o reign_v iiij_o year_n so_o that_o whether_o i_o write_v true_a or_o not_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v with_o eye_n as_o a_o man_n will_v say_v and_o feel_v with_o hand_n wherefore_o this_o be_v as_o a_o project_n or_o table_n of_o a_o common_a wealth_n true_o lay_v before_o you_o not_o feign_v by_o put_v a_o case_n let_v we_o compare_v it_o with_o common_a wealth_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o esse_fw-la or_o do_v remain_v describe_v in_o true_a history_n especial_o in_o such_o point_n wherein_o the_o one_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o to_o see_v who_o have_v take_v the_o right_a true_a and_o more_o commodious_a way_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n aswell_o in_o war_n as_o in_o peace_n this_o will_v be_v no_o illiberal_a occupation_n for_o he_o that_o be_v a_o philosopher_n and_o have_v a_o delight_n in_o dispute_v nor_o unprofitable_a for_o he_o who_o have_v to_o do_v &_o have_v good_a will_n to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o give_v counsel_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n thereof_o thomas_n smyth_n finis_fw-la monarchia_fw-la aristocratiae_fw-la democratia_fw-la iust._n rex_fw-la tyrannus_n populus_fw-la dictatorship_n tyrannis_fw-la respublica_fw-la domus_fw-la seu_fw-la familia_fw-la provine_v or_o propagation_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lay_v a_o branch_n of_o a_o vine_n or_o osier_n or_o any_o other_o tree_n into_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o it_o take_v root_n of_o itself_o &_o may_v live_v though_o it_o be_v cut_v then_o from_o the_o first_o root_n or_o stock_n pagus_n oppidum_n civitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la maior_fw-la elder_n son_n of_o duke_n be_v not_o earl_n by_o birth_n but_o lord_n and_o take_v their_o place_n above_o earl_n and_o so_o be_v elder_a son_n in_o respect_n of_o baron_n esquire_n of_o honour_n or_o lord_n verè_fw-la lantzknechti_n lancearius_fw-la a_o speareman_n eques_fw-la auratus_fw-la the_o make_n of_o a_o knight_n sire_n quasi_fw-la senior_fw-la alias_o tribunitijs_n save_v in_o appel_n and_o upon_o a_o special_a plea._n actio_fw-la be_v the_o party_n whole_a suit_n breve_fw-la be_v the_o king_n precept_n but_o sometime_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o same_o court_n only_o this_o shall_v be_v mean_v of_o a_o respondes_fw-la ouster_n when_o the_o opinion_n be_v against_o he_o that_o take_v a_o exception_n which_o be_v not_o peremptory_a he_o may_v deny_v it_o by_o protestation_n that_o be_v not_o order_n but_o abuse_n courtesy_n and_o not_o duty_n hundred_o be_v name_v of_o town_n hill_n or_o other_o mark_n this_o be_v not_o always_o and_o in_o all_o place_n observe_v but_o only_o concern_v the_o grand_a enquest_n the_o use_n of_o capias_fw-la and_o exigent_n upon_o inditemente_n be_v otherwise_o they_o be_v put_v to_o fine_n one_o or_o two_o constable_n hedboroughe_n or_o tithingman_n the_o delivery_n to_o the_o bishop_n prison_n and_o the_o purgation_n be_v take_v away_o by_o statute_n they_o must_v be_v two_o at_o the_o least_o that_o conspire_v quere_z or_o rather_o high_a stewaâ—â—_n of_o englandâ—_n no_o more_o evidence_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o of_o the_o defendant_n there_o may_v the_o statute_n of_o 23._o henry_n 8._o do_v not_o abolish_v common_a law_n but_o give_v a_o more_o profitable_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o appeal_v the_o battle_n be_v try_v by_o the_o party_n only_o and_o in_o writ_n of_o right_a by_o champion_n the_o battle_n or_o jury_n be_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o defendant_n send_v for_o by_o sub_fw-la poena_fw-la guardian_n in_o chevalry_n and_o guardian_n in_o socage_n but_o the_o lord_n be_v punish_v for_o the_o waist_n by_o loss_n of_o the_o ward_n or_o treble_a damage_n if_o that_o suffice_v not_o she_o be_v no_o lady_n by_o the_o law_n although_o so_o call_v of_o courtesy_n it_o be_v avoidable_a after_o the_o husband_n death_n except_o it_o be_v for_o xxi_o year_n or_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n or_o except_o they_o levy_v a_o fine_a she_o be_v endow_v at_o y_z e_z discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n except_o in_o few_o case_n litleton_n do_v not_o interpret_v the_o word_n feodu_fw-fr simple_o but_o rather_o define_v or_o describe_v the_o nature_n thereof_o litleton_n see_v in_o the_o tongue_n as_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n be_v in_o litleton_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n
dub_a of_o the_o prince_n knight_n or_o some_o such_o great_a occasion_n may_v be_v by_o the_o king_n compel_v to_o take_v that_o order_n &_o honour_n or_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_a which_z many_z not_o so_o desirous_a of_o honour_n as_o of_o riches_n have_v rather_o disburse_v some_o who_o for_o cause_n be_v not_o think_v worthy_a of_o y_fw-fr e_o honour_n and_o yet_o have_v ability_n neither_o be_v make_v knight_n though_o they_o will_v and_o yet_o pay_v the_o fine_a xl._n l._n sterling_a at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o order_n begin_v make_v now_o cxx._n l._n of_o currant_n money_n of_o england_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o standard_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o money_n when_o the_o roman_n do_v write_v senatus_fw-la populusque_fw-la romanus_n they_o seem_v to_o make_v but_o two_o order_n that_o be_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o so_o in_o the_o name_n of_o people_n they_o contain_v equites_fw-la and_o plebem_fw-la so_o when_o we_o in_o england_n do_v say_v the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o the_o knight_n esquire_n &_o other_o gentleman_n with_o citizen_n burgese_n &_o yeoman_n be_v account_v to_o make_v the_o commons_o in_o ordain_v of_o law_n the_o senate_n of_o lord_n of_o england_n be_v one_o house_n where_o the_o archishop_n and_o bishop_n also_o be_v and_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o chief_a the_o knight_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentleman_n citizen_n and_o burgese_n which_o be_v admit_v to_o consult_v upon_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v in_o a_o other_o house_n by_o themselves_o and_o that_o be_v call_v the_o house_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o shall_v more_o clear_o describe_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o parliament_n whereupon_o this_o word_n knight_n be_v derive_v and_o whether_o it_o do_v betoken_v no_o more_o but_o that_o which_o mile_n do_v in_o latin_a which_o be_v a_o soldier_n may_v be_v move_v as_o a_o question_n the_o word_n soldier_n now_o seem_v rather_o to_o come_v of_o sell_v and_o payment_n and_o more_o to_o betoken_v a_o wage_v or_o hire_v man_n to_o fight_v than_o otherwise_o yet_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n call_v soldure_v in_o the_o tongue_n gallois_fw-fr man_n who_o devote_a &_o swear_v themselves_o in_o a_o certain_a band_n or_o oath_n one_o to_o another_o and_o to_o the_o captain_n which_o order_n if_o the_o almain_n do_v follow_v it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o who_o be_v not_o hire_v but_o be_v of_o the_o nation_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o for_o their_o advauncement_n and_o by_o such_o common_a oath_n or_o band_n that_o do_v follow_v the_o war_n speareman_n be_v possible_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v knight_n or_o milites_fw-la and_o now_o among_o the_o almain_n some_o be_v call_v lanceknight_n as_o soldier_n of_o their_o band_n not_o hire_v although_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n hireling_n or_o peradventure_o it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o which_o be_v next_o about_o the_o prince_n as_o his_o guard_n or_o servant_n pick_v or_o choose_v man_n out_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v call_v in_o the_o almain_n language_n knighten_v which_o be_v much_o to_o say_v as_o servant_n these_o man_n be_v find_v of_o good_a service_n the_o word_n afterward_o be_v take_v for_o a_o honour_n and_o for_o he_o who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n our_o language_n be_v so_o change_v that_o i_o dare_v make_v no_o judgement_n thereof_o now_o we_o call_v he_o knight_n in_o english_a that_o the_o french_a call_v chevalier_fw-fr knight_n and_o the_o lataine_n equitem_fw-la or_o equestris_fw-la ordinis_fw-la and_o when_o any_o man_n be_v make_v a_o knight_n he_o kneel_v down_o be_v strike_v of_o the_o prince_n with_o his_o sword_n naked_a upon_o the_o back_n or_o shoulder_n the_o prince_n say_v sus_fw-la or_o sois_fw-fr chivalier_n au_fw-fr nom_fw-fr de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr and_o in_o time_n past_a they_o add_v s._n george_n and_o at_o his_o arise_v the_o prince_n say_v avauncèr_n this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n at_o this_o present_a and_o that_o term_v dubbing_z be_v the_o old_a term_n in_o this_o point_n and_o not_o creation_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n or_o queen_n there_o be_v knight_n of_o the_o bath_n make_v with_o long_a and_o more_o curious_a ceremony_n but_o howsoever_o one_o by_o dub_v or_o make_v a_o knight_n his_o wife_n be_v by_o and_o by_o call_v a_o lady_n as_o well_o as_o a_o baron_n wife_n he_o himself_o be_v not_o call_v lord_n but_o have_v to_o his_o name_n in_o common_a appelation_n add_v this_o syllable_n sir_n as_o if_o he_o before_o be_v name_v thomas_n william_n john_n or_o richard_n afterward_o he_o be_v always_o call_v sir_n thomas_n sir_n william_n senior_fw-la sir_n john_n sir_n richard_n and_o that_o be_v the_o title_n which_o man_n give_v to_o knight_n in_o england_n this_o may_v suffice_v at_o this_o time_n to_o declare_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o other_o order_n of_o knight_n in_o england_n which_o be_v call_v the_o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o after_o he_o have_v obtain_v many_o notable_a victory_n king_n john_n of_o france_n king_n james_n of_o scotland_n be_v both_o prisoner_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n at_o one_o time_n and_o king_n henry_n of_o castell_n the_o bastard_n expulse_v out_o of_o his_o realm_n and_o don_n petro_n restore_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o duke_n of_o aquitaine_n call_v the_o black_a prince_n invent_v a_o society_n of_o honour_n and_o make_v a_o choice_n out_o of_o his_o own_o realm_n and_o dominion_n and_o all_o christendom_n and_o the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a renown_a person_n in_o virtue_n and_o honour_n he_o do_v adorn_v with_o that_o title_n to_o be_v knight_n of_o his_o order_n give_v they_o a_o garter_n deck_v with_o gold_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n with_o the_o buckle_v of_o gold_n to_o wear_v daily_o on_o the_o left_a leg_n only_o a_o kirtle_n gown_n cloak_n chaperon_o collar_n and_o other_o august_n and_o magnifical_a apparel_n both_o of_o stuff_n and_o fashion_n exquisite_a &_o heroical_a to_o wear_v at_o high_a feast_n as_o to_o so_o high_a and_o princely_a a_o order_n be_v meet_v of_o which_o order_n he_o and_o his_o succesor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n to_o be_v the_o sovereign_a and_o the_o rest_n by_o certain_a statute_n and_o law_n among_o themselves_o be_v take_v as_o brethren_n and_o fellow_n in_o that_o order_n to_o the_o number_n of_o xxvi_o but_o because_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o ornament_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o any_o policy_n or_o government_n thereof_o i_o leave_v to_o speak_v any_o further_a of_o it_o of_o esquier_n chap._n 19_o escuy_a or_o esquire_n which_o we_o call_v common_o squire_n be_v a_o french_a word_n and_o betoken_v scutigerum_fw-la or_o armigerum_fw-la and_o be_v all_o those_o which_o bear_v arm_n as_o we_o call_v they_o or_o armoury_n as_o they_o term_v they_o in_o french_a which_o to_o bear_v be_v a_o testimony_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o race_n from_o whence_o they_o do_v come_v these_o be_v take_v for_o no_o distinct_a order_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n but_o do_v go_v with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o gentleman_n save_v that_o as_o i_o take_v it_o they_o be_v those_o who_o bear_v arm_n testimony_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o their_o race_n and_o therefore_o have_v neither_o creation_n nor_o dub_a or_o else_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o costerel_n or_o the_o bearer_n of_o the_o arm_n of_o lord_n or_o knight_n and_o by_o that_o have_v their_o name_n for_o a_o dignity_n and_o honour_n give_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o a_o common_a soldier_n call_v in_o latin_a gregarius_fw-la mile_n of_o gentleman_n chap._n 20._o gentleman_n be_v those_o who_o their_o blood_n and_o race_n do_v make_v noble_a and_o know_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a the_o lataine_n call_v they_o all_o nobiles_fw-la as_o the_o french_a noble_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o nobilitas_fw-la in_o latin_a be_v define_v honour_n or_o title_n give_v for_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v be_v notable_a in_o riches_n or_o virtue_n or_o in_o few_o word_n old_a riches_n or_o prowess_n remain_v in_o one_o stock_n which_o if_o the_o successor_n do_v keep_v and_o follow_v they_o be_v verè_fw-la nobiles_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o they_o do_v not_o yet_o the_o same_o and_o wealth_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o cover_v they_o so_o long_o as_o it_o can_v as_o a_o thing_n once_o gilt_v though_o it_o be_v copper_n within_o till_o the_o gilt_n be_v wear_v away_o this_o have_v his_o reason_n for_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n
serve_v thefficacie_n of_o the_o word_n gens_n in_o latin_a betoken_v the_o race_n and_o surname_n so_o the_o roman_n have_v cornelio_n sergios_n appios_n fabios_fw-la aemilios_fw-la pisone_n julio_n brutos_fw-la valerio_n of_o which_o who_o be_v agnati_fw-la and_o therefore_o keep_v the_o name_n be_v also_o gentile_n and_o remain_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o glory_n of_o their_o progenitor_n fame_n be_v gentleman_n of_o that_o or_o that_o race_n this_o matter_n make_v a_o great_a strife_n among_o the_o roman_n when_o those_o which_o be_v novi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v more_o allow_v for_o their_o virtue_n new_a and_o new_o show_v than_o the_o old_a smell_n of_o ancient_a race_n new_o deface_v by_o the_o cowardice_n and_o evil_a life_n of_o their_o nephew_n and_o discendaunte_n can_v make_v the_o other_o to_o be_v thus_o the_o cicerone_n catone_n and_o marij_fw-la have_v much_o ado_n with_o those_o ancient_n and_o therefore_o say_v iwenalis_n malo_n pater_fw-la tibi_fw-la sit_fw-la tersites_n dummodo_fw-la tu_fw-la sis_fw-la aeacidi_n similis_fw-la vulcaniaque_fw-la arma_fw-la capessas_fw-la quà m_fw-la te_fw-la thersiti_n similem_fw-la producat_fw-la achilles_n but_o as_o other_o common_a wealth_n be_v fain_o to_o do_v so_o must_v all_o prince_n necessary_o follow_v that_o be_v where_o virtue_n be_v to_o honour_v it_o and_o although_o virtue_n of_o ancient_a race_n be_v early_o to_o be_v obtain_v aswell_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o progenitor_n which_o encourage_v as_o also_o through_o hability_n of_o education_n and_o bring_v up_o which_o enable_v and_o the_o last_o enrace_v love_n of_o tenant_n &_o neybor_n to_o such_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v and_o by_o who_o they_o do_v dwell_v which_o prick_v forward_o to_o ensue_v in_o their_o father_n step_n so_o it_o all_o this_o do_v fail_v as_o it_o be_v great_a pity_n it_o shall_v yet_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o human_a thing_n and_o so_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a to_o mutability_n that_o it_o do_v many_o time_n fail_v but_o when_o it_o do_v the_o prince_n and_o common_a wealth_n have_v the_o same_o power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v and_o as_o the_o husbandman_n have_v to_o plant_v a_o new_a tree_n where_o the_o old_a fail_v so_o have_v the_o prince_n to_o honour_v virtue_n where_o he_o do_v find_v it_o to_o make_v gentleman_n esquier_n knight_n baron_n earl_n marquise_n &_o duke_n where_o he_o see_v virtue_n able_a to_o bear_v that_o honour_n or_o merit_n and_o deserve_v it_o &_o so_o it_o have_v always_o be_v use_v among_o us._n but_o ordinary_o the_o king_n do_v only_o make_v knight_n and_o create_v baron_n or_o high_a degree_n for_o as_o for_o gentleman_n they_o be_v make_v good_a cheap_a in_o england_n for_o whosoever_o study_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o study_v in_o the_o university_n who_o profess_v liberal_a science_n and_o to_o be_v short_a who_o can_v live_v idle_o and_o without_o manual_a labour_n and_o will_v bear_v the_o port_n charge_n and_o countenance_n of_o a_o gentleman_n he_o shall_v be_v call_v master_n for_o that_o be_v the_o title_n which_o man_n give_v to_o esquire_n and_o other_o gentleman_n and_o shall_v be_v take_v for_o a_o gentleman_n for_o true_a it_o be_v with_o we_o as_o be_v say_v tanti_fw-la eris_fw-la alijs_fw-la quanti_fw-la tibi_fw-la feceris_fw-la and_o if_o need_v be_v a_o king_n of_o herald_n shall_v also_o give_v he_o for_o money_n arm_n new_o make_v and_o invent_v the_o title_n whereof_o shall_v pretend_v to_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o say_a herald_n in_o peruse_v and_o view_v of_o old_a register_n where_o his_o ancestor_n in_o time_n past_a have_v be_v record_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o or_o if_o he_o will_v do_v it_o more_o true_o and_o of_o better_a faith_n he_o will_v write_v that_o for_o the_o meritte_n of_o that_o man_n and_o certain_a quality_n which_o he_o do_v see_v in_o he_o and_o for_o sundry_a noble_a act_n which_o he_o have_v perform_v he_o by_o the_o authority_n which_o he_o have_v as_o king_n of_o herald_n &_o arm_n give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n these_o and_o these_o arm_n which_o be_v do_v i_o think_v he_o may_v be_v call_v a_o squire_n for_o he_o bear_v ever_o after_o those_o arm_n such_o man_n be_v call_v sometime_o in_o scorn_n gentleman_n of_o the_o first_o head_n whether_o the_o manner_n of_o england_n in_o make_v gentleman_n so_o easy_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v chap._n 21._o a_o man_n may_v make_v doubt_n &_o question_n whether_o this_o manner_n of_o make_v gentleman_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v or_o no_o &_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o of_o that_o opinion_n y_fw-fr e_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o for_o first_o the_o prince_n lose_v nothing_o by_o it_o as_o he_o shall_v do_v it_o it_o be_v as_o in_o france_n for_o the_o yeoman_n or_o husbandman_n be_v no_o more_o subject_n to_o tail_n or_o tax_v in_o england_n than_o the_o gentleman_n no_o in_o every_o payment_n to_o the_o king_n the_o gentleman_n be_v more_o charge_v which_o he_o bear_v the_o glad_o and_o dare_v not_o gainsay_v for_o to_o save_v and_o keep_v his_o honour_n and_o reputation_n in_o any_o show_n or_o muster_v or_o other_o particular_a charge_n of_o the_o town_n where_o he_o be_v he_o must_v open_v his_o purse_n wide_a and_o augment_v his_o portion_n above_o other_o or_o else_o he_o do_v diminish_v his_o reputation_n as_o for_o their_o outward_a show_n a_o gentleman_n if_o he_o will_v be_v so_o account_v must_v go_v like_o a_o gentleman_n a_o yeoman_n like_o a_o yeoman_n and_o a_o rascal_n like_o a_o rascal_n and_o if_o he_o be_v call_v to_o the_o war_n he_o must_v and_o will_v whatsoever_o it_o cost_v he_o array_v himself_o and_o arm_v he_o according_a to_o the_o vocation_n which_o he_o pretend_v he_o must_v show_v also_o a_o more_o manly_a courage_n &_o token_n of_o better_a education_n high_a stomach_n and_o bountifull_a liberality_n than_o other_o and_o keep_v about_o he_o idle_a servant_n who_o shall_v do_v nothing_o but_o wait_v upon_o he_o so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v hurt_v by_o it_o but_o he_o himself_o who_o hereby_o perchance_o will_v bear_v a_o big_a sail_n than_o he_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o policy_n and_o government_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n it_o be_v not_o those_o that_o have_v to_o do_v with_o it_o which_o will_v magnify_v themselves_o and_o go_v in_o high_a buskin_n than_o their_o estate_n will_v bear_v but_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v appoint_v be_v person_n try_v and_o well_o know_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n chap._n 22._o next_o to_o gentleman_n be_v appoint_v citizen_n and_o burgess_n such_o as_o not_o only_o be_v free_a and_o receive_v as_o officer_n within_o the_o city_n but_o also_o be_v of_o some_o substance_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n but_o these_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v to_o serve_v the_o common_a wealth_n in_o their_o city_n &_o burrow_n or_o incorporate_a town_n where_o they_o dwell_v general_o in_o the_o thyre_n they_o be_v of_o none_o account_n save_v only_o in_o the_o common_a assembly_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o make_v law_n which_o be_v call_v the_o parliament_n the_o ancient_a city_n appoint_v iiii_o and_o each_o burrow_n two_o to_o have_v voice_n in_o it_o and_o to_o give_v their_o consent_n or_o dissent_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n or_o burrow_n for_o which_o they_o be_v appoint_v of_o yeoman_n chap._n 23._o those_o who_o we_o call_v yeoman_n next_o unto_o the_o nobility_n knight_n and_o squire_n have_v the_o great_a charge_n and_o do_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o rather_o be_v more_o travail_v to_o serve_v in_o it_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o i_o call_v he_o a_o yeoman_n who_o our_o law_n do_v call_v legalem_fw-la hominem_fw-la a_o word_n familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o enqueste_n which_o be_v a_o freeman_n bear_v english_a and_o may_v dispend_v of_o his_o own_o free_a land_n in_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o xl_o s._n sterling_a this_o make_v if_o the_o just_a value_n be_v take_v now_o to_o the_o proportion_n of_o money_n ut_fw-la l._n of_o our_o currant_n money_n at_o this_o present_a this_o sort_n of_o people_n confess_v themselves_o to_o be_v no_o gentleman_n but_o give_v the_o honour_n to_o all_o which_o be_v or_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v gentleman_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a pre-eminence_n and_o more_o estimation_n than_o laborer_n and_o artificer_n and_o common_o live_v wealthy_o keep_v good_a house_n &_o do_v their_o business_n &_o travail_n to_o acquire_v riches_n these_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fermor_n unto_o gentleman_n which_o with_o graze_v frequent_v of_o markette_n and_o keep_v servant_n not_o idle_a as_o the_o gentleman_n do_v but_o such_o as_o get_v
both_o their_o own_o live_n and_o part_n of_o their_o master_n by_o these_o mean_n do_v come_v to_o such_o wealth_n that_o they_o be_v able_a and_o daily_o do_v buy_v the_o land_n of_o unthriftie_a gentleman_n and_o after_o set_v their_o son_n to_o the_o school_n at_o the_o university_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o leave_v they_o sufficient_a land_n whereon_o they_o may_v live_v without_o labour_n do_v make_v their_o say_a son_n by_o those_o mean_n gentleman_n these_o be_v not_o call_v master_n for_o that_o as_o i_o say_v pertain_v to_o gentleman_n only_o but_o to_o their_o surname_n man_n add_v goodman_n as_o if_o the_o surname_n be_v luter_n finch_n white_n browne_n they_o be_v call_v goodman_n luter_n goodman_n white_a goodman_n finch_n goodman_n browne_n amongst_o their_o neighbour_n i_o mean_v not_o in_o matter_n of_o importance_n or_o in_o law_n but_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o for_o distinction_n if_o one_o be_v a_o knight_n they_o will_v write_v he_o for_o example_n sake_n sir_n john_n finch_n knight_n so_o if_o he_o be_v a_o esquire_n john_n finch_n esquire_n or_o gentleman_n if_o he_o be_v no_o gentleman_n john_n finch_n yeoman_n for_o amongst_o the_o gentleman_n they_o which_o claim_v no_o high_a degree_n and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v exempt_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o low_a sort_n thereof_o be_v write_v esquier_n so_o amongst_o the_o husbandman_n labourer_n low_a and_o rascal_n sort_n of_o the_o people_n such_o as_o be_v exempt_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o rascabilitie_n of_o the_o popular_a be_v call_v and_o write_v yeoman_n as_o in_o the_o degree_n next_o unto_o gentleman_n these_o be_v they_o which_o old_a cato_n call_v aratores_fw-la and_o optimos_fw-la cive_v in_o republica_n and_o such_o as_o of_o who_o the_o writer_n of_o common_a wealth_n praise_n to_o have_v many_o in_o it_o aristoteles_n namely_o recite_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d these_o tend_v their_o own_o business_n come_v not_o to_o meddle_v in_o public_a matter_n and_o judgement_n but_o when_o they_o be_v call_v and_o glad_a when_o they_o be_v deliver_v thereof_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o gentleman_n and_o ruler_n and_o in_o war_n can_v abide_v travail_n and_o labour_n as_o man_n use_v to_o it_o yet_o within_o it_o soon_o at_o a_o end_n that_o they_o may_v come_v home_o &_o live_v of_o their_o own_o when_o they_o be_v forth_o they_o fight_v for_o their_o lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n for_o their_o country_n and_o nation_n for_o praise_n and_o honour_n against_o they_o come_v home_o and_o to_o have_v the_o love_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o his_o child_n to_o be_v continue_v towards_o they_o and_o their_o child_n which_o have_v adventure_v their_o life_n to_o and_o with_o he_o and_o he_o these_o be_v they_o which_o in_o the_o old_a world_n get_v that_o honour_n to_o england_n not_o that_o either_o for_o wit_n conduction_n or_o for_o power_n they_o be_v or_o be_v ever_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o gentleman_n but_o because_o they_o be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n so_o obedient_a at_o the_o lord_n call_v so_o strong_a of_o body_n so_o hear_v to_o endure_v pain_n so_o courageous_a to_o adventure_v with_o their_o lord_n or_o captain_n go_v with_o or_o before_o they_o for_o else_o they_o be_v not_o hasty_a nor_o never_o be_v as_o make_v no_o procession_n of_o knowledge_n of_o war_n these_o be_v the_o good_a archer_n in_o time_n past_a and_o the_o stable_a troop_n of_o footman_n that_o affaide_v all_o france_n that_o will_v rather_o die_v all_o than_o once_o abandon_v the_o knight_n or_o gentleman_n their_o captain_n who_o at_o those_o day_n common_o be_v their_o lord_n and_o who_o tenaunte_n they_o be_v ready_a beside_o perpetual_a shame_n to_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o undo_n of_o themselves_o &_o all_o they_o if_o they_o shall_v show_v any_o sign_n of_o cowardice_n or_o abandon_v the_o lord_n knight_n or_o gentleman_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o live_n and_o this_o they_o have_v amongst_o they_o from_o their_o forefather_n tell_v one_o to_o a_o other_o the_o gentleman_n of_o france_n and_o the_o yeoman_n of_o england_n be_v renown_v because_o in_o battle_n of_o horseman_n france_n be_v many_o time_n too_o good_a for_o we_o as_o we_o again_o always_o for_o they_o on_o foot_n and_o gentleman_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v man_n at_o arm_n and_o horseman_n and_o yeoman_n common_o on_o foot_n howesoever_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o gentleman_n have_v always_o the_o conduction_n of_o the_o yeoman_n and_o as_o their_o captain_n be_v either_o a_o foot_n or_o upon_o a_o little_a nag_n with_o they_o and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o fight_a battle_n remain_v always_o among_o the_o footman_n as_o the_o french_a king_n among_o their_o horseman_n each_o prince_n thereby_o as_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v do_v show_v where_o he_o think_v his_o strength_n do_v consist_v what_o a_o yeoman_n be_v i_o have_v declare_v but_o from_o whence_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o yeoman_n shall_v be_v say_v a_o young_a man_n for_o common_o we_o do_v not_o call_v any_o a_o yeoman_n till_o he_o be_v marry_v and_o have_v child_n and_o as_o it_o be_v have_v authority_n among_o his_o neighbour_n younker_n in_o low_a dutch_a betoken_v a_o mean_a gentleman_n or_o a_o gay_a fellow_n possible_a our_o yeoman_n not_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o name_v themselves_o gentleman_n when_o they_o come_v home_o be_v content_a when_o they_o have_v hear_v by_o frequentation_n with_o low_a dutchman_n of_o some_o small_a gentleman_n but_o yet_o that_o will_v be_v count_v so_o to_o be_v call_v amongst_o they_o younker_n man_n the_o calling_z so_o in_o war_n by_o mockage_n or_o in_o sport_n one_o a_o other_o when_o they_o come_v home_o younker_n man_n and_o so_o yeoman_n which_o word_n now_o signify_v among_o we_o a_o man_n well_o at_o ease_n and_o have_v honest_o to_o live_v and_o yet_o not_o a_o gentleman_n whatsoever_o that_o word_n younker_n man_n yonke_n man_n or_o yeoman_n do_v more_o or_o less_o signify_v to_o the_o dutch_a man_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o man_n which_o do_v not_o rule_v chap._n 24._o the_o four_o sort_n or_o class_n amongst_o we_o be_v of_o those_o which_o the_o old_a roman_n call_v capite_fw-la censij_fw-la proletarij_fw-la or_o operae_fw-la day_n labourer_n poor_a husbandman_n yea_o marcantes_fw-la or_o retailer_n which_o have_v no_o free_a land_n copiholder_n and_o all_o artificer_n as_o tailor_n shoemaker_n carpenter_n brickemaker_n bricklayer_n mason_n etc._n etc._n these_o have_v no_o voice_n nor_o authority_n in_o our_o common_a wealth_n and_o no_o account_n be_v make_v of_o they_o but_o only_o to_o be_v rule_v not_o to_o rule_v other_o and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o neglect_v for_o in_o city_n and_o corporate_a town_n for_o default_n of_o yeoman_n inquest_n and_o jury_n be_v empanel_v of_o such_o manner_n of_o people_n and_o in_o village_n they_o be_v common_o make_v churchwarden_n alecunner_n and_o many_o time_n constable_n which_o office_n touch_v more_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o at_o the_o first_o be_v not_o employ_v upon_o such_o low_a and_o base_a person_n wherefore_o general_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o policy_n of_o england_n it_o be_v govern_v administer_v &_o manure_v by_o three_o sort_n of_o person_n the_o prince_n monarch_n and_o head_n governor_n which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n or_o if_o the_o crown_n fall_v to_o a_o woman_n the_o queen_n absolute_a as_o i_o have_v heretofore_o say_v in_o who_o name_n and_o by_o who_o authority_n all_o thing_n be_v administer_v the_o gentleman_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o barony_n or_o estate_n of_o lord_n contain_v baron_n and_o all_o that_o be_v above_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v declare_v before_o and_o those_o which_o be_v no_o lord_n as_o knight_n esquire_n and_o simple_o gentleman_n the_o third_o and_o last_o sort_n of_o person_n be_v name_v the_o yeomanrie_n each_o of_o these_o have_v his_o part_n and_o administration_n in_o indgemente_n correction_n of_o defaulte_n in_o election_n of_o office_n in_o appoint_v and_o collection_n of_o tribute_n and_o subsidy_n or_o in_o make_v law_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o authority_n thereof_o chap._n 1._o the_o most_o high_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n consist_v in_o the_o parliament_n for_o as_o in_o war_n where_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o person_n the_o nobility_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentility_n and_o the_o yeomanrie_n be_v be_v y_z e_z force_n and_o power_n of_o england_n so_o in_o peace_n &_o consultation_n where_o the_o prince_n be_v
to_o give_v life_n and_o the_o last_o and_o high_a commandment_n the_o barony_n for_o the_o nobility_n and_o high_a the_o knight_n esquier_n gentleman_n and_o commons_o for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o bishop_n for_o the_o clergy_n be_v present_a to_o advertise_v consult_v and_o show_v what_o be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o to_o consult_v together_o and_o upon_o mature_a deliberation_n every_o bill_n or_o law_n be_v thrice_o read_v and_o dispute_v upon_o in_o either_o house_n the_o other_o two_o part_n first_o each_o a_o part_n and_o after_o the_o prince_n himself_o in_o presence_n of_o both_o the_o party_n do_v consent_n unto_o and_o allow_v that_o be_v the_o prince_n and_o whole_a realm_n deed_n whereupon_o justly_o no_o man_n can_v complain_v but_o must_v accommodate_v himself_o to_o find_v it_o good_a and_o obey_v it_o that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o this_o consent_n be_v call_v firm_a stable_n and_o sanctum_fw-la and_o be_v take_v for_o law_n the_o parliament_n abrogate_v old_a law_n make_v new_a give_v order_n for_o thing_n past_a and_o for_o thing_n hereafter_o to_o be_v follow_v change_v right_n and_o possession_n of_o private_a man_n legittimate_v bastard_n establish_v form_n of_o religion_n alter_v weighte_n and_o measure_n give_v form_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n define_v of_o doubtful_a right_n whereof_o be_v no_o law_n already_o mad_v appoint_v subsidy_n tail_n tax_n and_o imposition_n give_v most_o free_a pardon_n and_o absolution_n restore_v in_o blood_n and_o name_n as_o the_o high_a court_n condemn_v or_o absolu_v they_o who_o the_o prince_n will_v put_v to_o that_o trial_n and_o to_o be_v short_a all_o that_o ever_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v do_v either_o in_o centuriatis_fw-la comitijs_fw-la or_o tributis_fw-la tribunitijs_n the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n which_o represent_v &_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n both_o the_o head_n and_o the_o body_n for_o every_o englishman_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v there_o present_a either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o procuration_n and_o attorney_n of_o what_o pre-eminence_n state_n dignity_n or_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v from_o the_o prince_n be_v he_o king_n or_o queen_n to_o the_o low_a person_n of_o england_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v take_v to_o be_v every_o man_n consent_n the_o form_n of_o hold_v the_o parliament_n chap._n 2._o the_o prince_n send_v forth_o his_o rescript_n or_o writ_n to_o every_o duke_n marquess_n baron_n and_o every_o other_o lord_n temporal_a or_o spiritual_a who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o parliament_n to_o be_v at_o his_o great_a counsel_n of_o parliament_n such_o a_o day_n the_o space_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v common_o at_o the_o least_o forty_o day_n he_o send_v also_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o shire_n to_o admonish_v the_o whole_a shire_n to_o choose_v two_o knight_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n to_o hear_v and_o reason_n and_o to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o consent_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o be_v present_a at_o that_o day_n likewise_o to_o every_o city_n and_o town_n which_o of_o ancientie_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o find_v burgess_n of_o the_o parliament_n so_o to_o make_v election_n that_o they_o may_v be_v present_a there_o at_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o gentleman_n and_o yeoman_n of_o the_o shire_n present_a at_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n the_o voice_n of_o any_o absent_a can_v be_v count_v for_o none_o yeoman_n i_o call_v here_o as_o before_o that_o may_v dispende_v at_o the_o least_o xl_o s._n of_o yearly_a rent_n of_o free_a land_n of_o his_o own_o these_o meeting_n at_o one_o day_n the_o two_o who_o have_v the_o more_o of_o their_o voice_n be_v choose_v knight_n of_o the_o shire_n for_o that_o parliament_n likewise_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v the_o burgess_n elect_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n in_o their_o robe_n of_o parliament_n do_v meet_v in_o the_o high_a house_n where_o after_o prayer_n make_v they_o that_o be_v present_a be_v write_v and_o they_o that_o be_v absent_a upon_o sickness_n or_o some_o other_o reasonable_a cause_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v allow_v do_v constitute_v under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_v some_o one_o of_o those_o who_o be_v present_a as_o their_o procurer_n or_o attorney_n to_o give_v voice_n for_o they_o so_o that_o by_o presence_n or_o attorney_n &_o proxey_n they_o be_v all_o there_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o baron_n &_o all_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o when_o abbot_n be_v so_o many_o abbot_n as_o have_v voice_n in_o parliament_n the_o place_n where_o the_o assembly_n be_v be_v rich_o tapess_v and_o hang_v a_o princely_a and_o royal_a throne_n as_o appertain_v to_o a_o king_n set_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o high_a place_n thereof_o next_o under_o the_o prince_n sit_v the_o chancellor_n who_o be_v the_o voice_n and_o orator_n of_o the_o prince_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o that_o house_n or_o chamber_n sit_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n each_o in_o his_o rank_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o duke_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o upon_o woolsacke_n sit_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o secretary_n of_o estate_n but_o these_o that_o sit_v on_o the_o woolsack_n have_v no_o voice_n in_o the_o house_n but_o only_o sit_v there_o to_o answer_v their_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n when_o they_o be_v ask_v if_o any_o doubt_n arise_v among_o the_o lord_n the_o secretary_n to_o answer_v of_o such_o letter_n or_o thing_n pass_v in_o counsel_n whereof_o they_o have_v the_o custody_n and_o knowledge_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o upper_a house_n who_o consent_n and_o dissent_n be_v give_v by_o each_o man_n several_o and_o by_o himself_o first_o for_o himself_o and_o then_o several_o for_o so_o many_o as_o he_o have_v letter_n and_o proxy_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o question_n say_v only_o content_a or_o not_o content_a without_o further_a reason_n or_o reply_v in_o this_o mean_a time_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o parliament_n for_o so_o they_o be_v call_v that_o have_v voice_n in_o parliament_n and_o be_v choose_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o to_o the_o number_n betwixt_o three_o c._n and_o iiii_o c._o be_v call_v by_o such_o as_o it_o please_v the_o prince_n to_o appoint_v into_o another_o great_a house_n or_o chamber_n by_o name_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v and_o declare_v for_o what_o shire_n or_o town_n they_o answer_v then_o they_o be_v will_v to_o choose_v a_o able_a &_o discreet_a man_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o they_o all_z &_o to_o speak_v for_o and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o they_o and_o to_o present_v he_o so_o choose_v by_o they_o to_o the_o prince_n which_o do_v they_o come_v all_o with_o he_o to_o a_o bar_n which_o be_v at_o the_o nether_a end_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n there_o he_o first_o praise_v the_o prince_n then_o make_v his_o excuse_n of_o unabilitie_n and_o pray_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o will_v command_v the_o commons_o to_o choose_v another_o the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o princess_n name_n do_v so_o much_o declare_v he_o able_a as_o he_o do_v declare_v himself_o unable_a and_o thank_v the_o commons_o for_o choose_v so_o wise_a discreet_a and_o eloquent_a a_o man_n and_o will_v they_o to_o go_v and_o consult_v of_o law_n for_o the_o common_a wealth_n then_o the_o speaker_n make_v certain_a request_n to_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o commons_o first_o that_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v content_a that_o they_o may_v use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n that_o the_o common_a house_n be_v wont_a to_o enjoy_v second_o that_o they_o may_v francke_o and_o free_o say_v their_o mind_n in_o dispute_v of_o such_o matter_n as_o may_v come_v in_o question_n and_o that_o without_o offence_n to_o his_o majesty_n three_o that_o if_o any_o shall_v chance_v of_o that_o low_a house_n to_o offend_v or_o not_o to_o do_v or_o say_v as_o shall_v become_v he_o or_o if_o any_o shall_v offend_v any_o of_o they_o be_v call_v to_o that_o his_o highness_n court_n that_o they_o themselves_o may_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n have_v the_o punishment_n of_o they_o and_o four_o that_o if_o there_o come_v any_o doubt_n whereupon_o they_o shall_v desire_v to_o have_v thaduise_n or_o conference_n with_o his_o majesty_n or_o with_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n
so_o the_o people_n be_v accustom_v to_o live_v in_o such_o a_o equality_n of_o justice_n &_o that_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o y_z e_z rich_a have_v no_o more_o advantage_n therein_o than_o the_o poor_a the_o process_n and_o proceed_n to_o the_o judgement_n be_v so_o short_a and_o judgement_n also_o be_v peremptory_a and_o without_o appellation_n yet_o to_o help_v for_o small_a matter_n where_o no_o great_a sum_n be_v in_o question_n there_o be_v other_o court_n in_o every_o shire_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n the_o sheriff_n for_o small_a thing_n not_o pass_v xl_o s._n and_o in_o certain_a hundred_o and_o liberty_n the_o bailiff_n likewise_o from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n hold_v plea._n and_o whosoever_o be_v possessioner_n and_o owner_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n or_o at_o his_o pleasure_n of_o his_o tennante_n and_o amongst_o his_o tennante_n a_o court_n call_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o there_o his_o tennantes_n be_v swear_v make_v a_o jury_n which_o be_v not_o call_v the_o enquest_n but_o the_o homage_n these_o principal_o do_v inquire_v of_o the_o copy_n holder_n and_o other_o free_a holder_n that_n be_v dead_a since_o the_o last_o court_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o heir_n and_o next_o successor_n and_o likewise_o of_o incrochment_n or_o intrusion_n of_o any_o of_o the_o tennante_n against_o the_o lord_n or_o among_o themselves_o they_o make_v order_n and_o law_n amongst_o themselves_o the_o pain_n of_o they_o if_o they_o be_v after_o break_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o any_o small_a matter_n be_v in_o controversy_n it_o be_v put_v to_o they_o and_o common_o they_o do_v end_v it_o but_o these_o court_n do_v serve_v rather_o for_o man_n that_o can_v be_v content_a to_o be_v order_v by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o which_o love_n their_o quiet_a and_o profit_n in_o their_o husbandry_n more_o than_o to_o be_v busy_a in_o the_o law_n for_o whether_o party_n soever_o will_v may_v procure_v a_o write_v out_o of_o the_o high_a court_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n to_o westminster_n in_o city_n and_o other_o great_a town_n there_o be_v diverse_a liberty_n to_o hold_v plea_n for_o a_o big_a sum_n which_o do_v determine_v aswell_o as_o the_o common_a law_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o yet_o for_o they_o that_o will_v it_o may_v be_v remoove_v to_o westminster_n hall_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o ordain_v first_o a_o precedent_n counsellor_n and_o judge_n one_o for_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n at_o ludlowe_n or_o else_o where_o a_o other_o for_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n at_o york_n where_o be_v many_o cause_n determine_v these_o two_o be_v as_o be_v parliament_n in_o france_n but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n the_o party_n may_v move_v it_o at_o the_o first_o or_o remove_v it_o afterwards_o to_o westminster_n hall_n and_o to_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o chanceller_n as_o the_o matter_n be_v these_o two_o court_n do_v hear_v matter_n before_o they_o part_n after_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o part_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o leete_n or_o law_n day_n chap._n 18._o leete_n or_o law_n day_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o manor_n but_o to_o those_o only_o which_o by_o special_a grant_n or_o long_a prescription_n have_v such_o liberty_n this_o be_v as_o it_o may_v appear_v first_o a_o special_a trust_n and_o confidence_n and_o commission_n give_v to_o a_o few_o put_v in_o trust_n by_o the_o prince_n as_o be_v now_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o see_v man_n swear_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o take_v pledge_n and_o surety_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o one_o for_o a_o other_o to_o answer_v for_o obedience_n and_o truth_n to_o inquire_v of_o privy_a conspiracy_n fray_n murder_n and_o bloudshedde_n and_o to_o this_o be_v add_v the_o oversight_n of_o bread_n and_o ale_n and_o other_o measure_n many_o time_n they_o that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o homage_n and_o court_n baron_n of_o that_o manor_n and_o lordship_n be_v nevertheless_o astrein_v and_o answerable_a to_o come_v to_o the_o léete_v this_o léete_v be_v ordinary_o keep_v but_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n and_o that_o at_o term_n and_o time_n prescribe_v the_o léete_v or_o law_n day_n be_v all_o one_o and_o betoken_v word_n for_o word_n legittimum_fw-la or_o iuridicum_fw-la diem_fw-la law_n the_o old_a saxon_n call_v lant_n or_o lag_v and_o so_o by_o corruption_n and_o change_v of_o language_n from_o lant_n to_o leete_n understand_v day_n they_o which_o keep_v our_o full_a english_a term_n call_v it_o yet_o law_n day_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o cause_n criminal_a and_o first_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n chap._n 19_o before_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o cause_n criminal_a can_v be_v well_o understand_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o speak_v of_o three_o person_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o coroner_n and_o the_o constable_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v man_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n high_a and_o low_o that_o be_v the_o duke_n marquess_n baron_n knight_n esquier_n and_o gentleman_n and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n such_o and_o in_o such_o number_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a and_o in_o who_o for_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n he_o put_v his_o trust_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o county_n save_v that_o some_o of_o the_o high_a nobility_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n for_o honour_n sake_n be_v put_v in_o all_o or_o in_o the_o most_o of_o the_o commission_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n of_o england_n these_o have_v no_o time_n of_o their_o rule_n limit_v but_o by_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n alterable_a at_o pleasure_n at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v but_o iiij_o after_o viij_o now_o they_o come_v common_o to_o thirty_o or_o xl_o in_o every_o shire_n either_o by_o increase_n of_o riches_n learning_n or_o activity_n in_o policy_n and_o government_n so_o many_o more_o be_v find_v which_o have_v either_o will_n or_o power_n or_o both_o be_v not_o too_o many_a to_o handle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o this_o behalf_n of_o these_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n be_v certain_a name_v which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la in_o who_o be_v especial_a trust_n repose_v that_o where_o the_o commission_n be_v give_v to_o xl_o or_o thirty_o and_o so_o at_o the_o last_o it_o come_v to_o iiij_o or_o three_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o many_o affair_n to_o have_v likewise_o diverse_a of_o the_o quorum_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v such_o quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la a_o b._n c_o d._n e_o f._n unum_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v those_o in_o who_o at_o this_o time_n for_o the_o repress_v of_o robber_n thief_n and_o vagabund_n of_o privy_a complot_n and_o conspiracy_n of_o riote_n and_o violence_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o prince_n put_v his_o special_a trust_n each_o of_o they_o have_v authority_n upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o make_v of_o any_o theft_n robbery_n manslaughter_n murder_n violence_n complote_v riotte_n unlawefull_a game_n or_o any_o such_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o realm_n to_o commit_v the_o person_n who_o he_o suppose_v offender_n to_o the_o prison_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o constable_n or_o sheriff_n to_o bring_v they_o thither_o the_o gaoler_n to_o receive_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o till_o he_o and_o his_o fellow_n do_v meet_v a_o few_o line_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n be_v enough_o for_o that_o purpose_n these_o do_v meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n that_o be_v in_o each_o quarter_n once_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o the_o misdemeanour_n aforesaid_a at_o which_o day_n the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o undersherife_n with_o his_o bailiff_n be_v there_o to_o attend_v upon_o he_o who_o must_v prepare_v against_o that_o time_n four_o enqueste_n of_o twenty-four_o yeoman_n a_o piece_n of_o diverse_a hundredes_o in_o the_o shire_n enquest_n and_o beside_o one_o which_o be_v call_v the_o great_a enquest_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o shire_n mingle_v with_o all_o these_o five_o inquest_n be_v swear_v before_o they_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o heretic_n traitor_n theft_n murder_n manslaughter_n rape_n false_a monier_n extortioner_n riotte_n rout_n forcible_a entry_n unlawefull_a game_n and_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o realm_n &_o to_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n if_o they_o among_o themselves_o upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n do_v find_v any_o culpable_a they_o cause_v one_o of_o the_o clerk_n to_o make_v the_o bill_n and_o if_o any_o be_v there_o to_o complain_v upon_o any_o