thousand Horse These were the Forces Brutus and Cassius had at the Black Gulf and with which they fought the Battel the remainder of their Forces being employed upon other Affairs The Army being here purged with the usual Ceremonies they payed what they had promised to those who had not yet received it for they had taken a course not to want Money because indeed they stood in need of it to gain by force of gifts the hearts of the Soldiers and especially of the Veterans who had born Arms under C. Caesar for fear left at the fight or name of his Son they should change their minds Besides they thought it convenient the Army should be spoke too and at the same time caused to be erected a great Tribunal whereon the Generals with the Senators only being mounted and all the Army as well their own Forces as the Auxiliaries drawn round about them they took great delight to view one another The Commanders began to take heart and to hope well in the great number of their Soldiers and the Soldiers began to grow in love with their Commanders for there is nothing unites hearts so much as common hopes Now because there was a great noise made by so vast a multitude silence was commanded by sound of the Trumpet and then Cassius who was the elder of the two advancing somewhat out of his place spoke in this manner The Oration of Cassius THat danger which is common to us Fellow Soldiers obliges us to be faithful one to another besides that you are farther engaged by receiving the Donative we had promised you which ought to beget a belief in you that we will keep our words with you for the future and you ought to hope for a happy success of this War from your own valour from our Conduct and from the Generosity of these great Men of the Senate whom you see here sitting We have as you well know great store of Munitions Provisions Arms Money Ships and many Provinces and Kingdoms which declare for us Wherefore we need not make use of words to exhort to resolution and concord those whom common defence and interest obliges As for the Calumnies which our two Enemies cast upon us you know them and 't is that knowledge binds you so firmly to our Party yet I shall be well content to give you this day an account of our Actions that you may the more clearly understand never was any War more honest and just than this we are now going upon By serving with you under Caesar in many Wars in some of which we likewise commanded we contributed to his Greatness and therefore were always his Friends that no Man may think we attempted his life out of any particular grudge Peace being made as he was Criminal he ought to have been accused not by us who were his Friends and whom he had raised to Honours in the City but by the Laws and by the Common-wealth but because neither the Laws nor the Determinations of the Senate nor the Decrees of the People were now any more of any account but he had thrown down all those things instituted by our Forefathers when they expelled Kings and swore never again to suffer the Regal Power we being their Successors have prevented the violation of their Oath we have diverted from our selves and cast off from our own Heads those imprecations they pronounced by not suffering one Man though so much our Friend and Benefactor to be longer Master of the Treasures and Forces of the Republick or have the dispose of all Dignities and Governments to the shame of the Senate and Roman People or in short change the Laws according to his fancy usurping over the People and Senate and absolute power and Sovereign Authority possibly in those times you did not make sufficient reflections on these things but regarded only in him the quality of Generalissimo But now you may better understand what I say by what particularly concerns you you are of the People during War you obey your General and in Peace have the right of giving your vote The Senate first deliberates all matters that you may not be deceived but it is you who in your Assemblies either by Tribes or Centuries create Consuls Tribunes of the People Pretors who give Sovereign Sentences and decree to us either Rewards or Punishments according as we have well or ill behaved our selves in our Charges Thus for giving to every Man according to his desert our Empire owes to you its felicity and when you distribute honours to those deserve them they have likewise to you a particular obligation 'T was by this very power you made Scipio Consul to whom in testimony of his valour you gave the sirname of African by this you created annual Tribunes of the People who had power to oppose the Senate when it was necessary for your advantage But what need I relate things your selves so well know Since Caesar made himself Master of the Common-wealth you have not by your Votes nominated any Magistrate neither Pretor nor Consul nor Tribune of the People you have given no person a testimonial of his Virtue nor have had the power to grant him any reward In short no person is obliged to you neither for his Government nor for Judgment given in his behalf and what is yet more worthy of compassion you have not been able to secure from outrage the Tribunes of the People who are your particular Magistrates and whom by your Decree you have declared sacred and inviolable But those inviolable persons you have beheld infamously degraded from a sacred Dignity devested of a sacred Habit without any legal trial by the command of a single person and that for maintaining your rights and declaring their indignation against those who would have given him the Title of King The Senate suffered it with regret for your sakes only for the Office of Tribune belongs to the People and not to the Senate But not having the power to accuse or bring to judgment this Man because of the great Armies whereof he made himself Master to the prejudice of the Roman People to whom they belonged we applyed the only remedy left for the chasing away the Tyranny by conspiring all together against his person for it was requisite this Affair should be assented to by all honest Men though it were executed but by a few And immediately after the Action the Senate declared it done by common deliberation when they forthwith proposed us rewards as for having slain a Tyrant But Anthony opposing it under pretence of appeasing the tumult and we our selves not desiring any greater reward than the service of our Country they were not ordered because they would not defame Caesar being content to have thrown down the Tyranny However they decreed a general Indemnity with prohibitions to all persons of prosecuting in form of Justice for the action done and a small time after because Anthony incensed the multitude against us by
therefore proposed to him either Egypt or King Iuba the later they thought not of sufficient Reputation but all counselled his Retreat into Egypt They alledged that it was not far off that it was a Powerful Kingdom an Excellent Country where he would want neither Shipping nor Provisions nor Money and whose Kings though yet but Minors were obliged to serve him because of the good Offices he had done their Father So by those Reasons he was perswaded to bend his Course towards Egypt There was at present a Division in the Royal Family Cleopatra who before reigned joyntly with her Brother Ptolemy being driven out now raised Forces about Syria and Ptolemy her Brother was encamped near Mount Cassia on the Frontiers of Egypt to hinder her Re-entry into the Kingdom It happened that the Wind drove Pompey into that place who seeing so great an Army on the Shore stopped and because he judged as it proved true that the King was there he sent one to give him advice of the Cause of his coming and to remember him of his Friendship with his Father He was yet but thirteen Years of Age and had for Overseers Achillas in what concerned Affairs of War and Photinus the Eunuch for the Treasury Those began to consult betwixt them what they should do in this Conjuncture and having called to counsel with them Theodatus the Rhetorician School-Master to the Infant King He proposed to them an execrable Advice which was to cut off Pompey to gain the favour of Caesar Which being resolved on under pretence that in that place the Sea was full of Shoals so that greater Vessels could not approach they sent him a wretched Boat in which there were some Officers of the Royal House and with them a certain Roman Soldier called Sempronius who now bore Arms in Egypt but had formerly served under Pompey He presented him his hand on the Part of Ptolemy inviting him to enter and go with him to his Friend who waited for him Mean while the Army was drawn up in Battel on the Sea Shore in the midst of which appeared the King clad in his Royal Robes as if to do Honour to his Guest Though Pompey had already some cause to distrust considering this Army in Battel the pittifulness of the Boat that the King came not in Person to meet him nor sent any Person of Quality yet he went into the Skiff repeating to himself these Lines of Sophocles To Tyrants Courts the Valiant and the Brave Though free they enter soon become their Slave When he saw that after he was got some distance from his Ships no Person spoke to him his suspition increased Wherefore either knowing Sempronius for a Roman or a Soldier that had served under him or conjecturing it because he only stood up according to the Discipline of the Romans which permits not Soldiers to sit before their General he said turning towards him Surely I have known you Fellow Soldier Which Sempronius having acknowledged as soon as he turned away he gave him the first blow which was followed by many others that took away his Life His Wife and Friends seeing afar off this Murther began to cry out and lifting up their hands to Heaven imploring the Gods Revengers of violated Hospitality with all speed took their Flight Photinus's People cut off Pompey's Head which he kept to present to Caesar when he should arrive in Egypt out of hopes of a great Reward but he revenged this Murther as became him Some one having found the Trunk of his Body buried it upon the Sea-Shore raising over it a little Tomb upon which some other wrote this Inscription Scarce should a Temple to hold that suffice Which huddled in a little Sand here lies This Sepulchre being in process of time quite covered over with Sand the Emperour Adrian visiting that Country caused it in these our times to be sought for and after having found it with the Copper Images which the Inhabitants of these Coasts had dedicated to Pompey which were fallen with age in the ruines of a Temple he caused the Rubbiâ—â— to be removed made the Sepulchre visible and set up the Images Thus ended this great Man his days after having fortunately put an end to many Wars of great Importance and augmented the Roman Empire by which he got the Title of Great Never before had he been vanquished and from his very youth began to be happy in all his undertakings for from the three and twentieth to the eight and fiftieth year of his age he had in effect the power of a King though he took upon him only the quality of a private Citizen because of the dispute for preheminence between him and Caesar. Lucius Scipio his father-in-Father-in-law and all the rest of the persons of Quality that escaped from the Battel of Pharsalia retired to Corcyra where they had of purpose left Cato with other Forces and three hundred Galleys There having divided the Fleet among Pompey's chief Friends Cassius sailed towards Pontus to engage Pharnaces to take up Arms against Caesar Scipio and Cato went into Africa relying upon those Forces Varus had and the assistance they hoped for from Iuba King of the Moors And Pompey's Eldest Son with Labienus Scapula and another part of the Army went by great Journeys to Spain with design to draw that Province to their Party to raise other Forces of Spaniards Celtiberians and even of Slaves and to make the greatest Preparations they possibly could so great were yet the Wrecks of Pompey's Power which by a prodigious blindness he deserted and fled The Soldiers in Africa offered Cato the chief Command but he refused it because there were there present Lieutenants of Consular Quality and he had never arrived to higher Dignity in the City than the Charge of Pretor Wherefore L. Scipio being chosen General of that Army he laboured likewise in these Quarters to encrease and exercise his Forces so that there were raised at the same time two powerful Armies against Caesar one in Africa and the other in Spain He for his part stayed at Pharsalia but two days after the Victory that he might sacrifice to the Gods in the Field of the Battel and suffer the Soldiers take some repose tired with the Toil of that Great Day He likewise granted Liberty to the Thessalians who had served him faithfully upon this Occasion And the Athenians coming to demand his Pardon he forgave them with these words How often must the Glory of your Predecessors with-hold you from falling down those Precipices whither your own faults lead you The third day he marched towards the East whither he understood Pompey was fled As he passed the Hellespont upon little Boats for want of Ships in the middle of the Strait Cassius in his way to Pharnaces suddainly comes up with a great number of Gallies and though he might with so many Bottoms have easily defeated his Enemy who was infinitely the weaker yet such was the prodigious good Fortune
could make hoping to oblige Scipio to quit his design on Lybia Mago was not over-quick in the Execution of these Orders whether it were that he could not joyn with Hannibal who was far distant or that he foresaw a troublesome event of the Enterprise Asdrubal upon his return from the Chase of the Elephants levies upon the Lands of the Carthaginians and Lybians six thousand Foot and eight hundred Horse he buys likewise five thousand slaves for the Gallies and the Numidians furnished him with two thousand Horse besides some Foreign Mercenary Troops so that having assembled an Army composed of sundry Nations he brought them about two hundred Furlongs from the City and there exercised and trained them There were at present in Nâ—midia divers Kings whose Estates were separate among whom Syphax held the first degree Massanissa Son to the King of the Massesulians a Warlike People was likewise very considerable and was withal so comely of person and active of mind that Asdrubal the son of Gisco one of the principal men of Carthage desired him for his son in law though he were a Numidian As soon as the Marriage was agreed upon that young Prince went to make War in Spain but Syphax who was in love with the Lady mad that she was engaged to another with an Army invades the Carthaginians Lands and promises Scipio who came out of Spain to confer with him that if he would assault Carthage he would joyn Arms with him which was the reason that the Carthaginians who knew well of what importance Syphax would be to them in this War gave him Masanissa's Mistress in Marriage without either his or Asdrubals own knowledg for they were both together in Spain That young Prince receiving advice of the affront done him so much resented it that to revenge himself he entered into a secret alliance with Scipio which yet could not be kept so private but it came to Asdrubals knowledge who though he were much troubled at the injury done to this Lover and his Mistress yet he believed he was bound to prefer the publick good to his private resentment and therefore to make away Masanissa To which end when this Prince was upon return from Spain to take possession of his Fathers Kingdom lately dead he gave him some Horse to accompany him with Orders to destroy him in what manner soever it were but the King suspecting their design withdrew himself privily out of their hands and went to seise upon his Fathers Kingdom which after he had got possession of he drew together a flying wing of people accustomed to fight by night as well as by day and to charge and retreat in a marvelous manner for so they make war in Numidia where the men easily endure hunger live on herbs instead of bread and drink only water and where the Horses never eat Oats but feed only on Straw and Grass and drink but seldom Masanissa's Army was composed of twenty thousand men of this temper with whom he made strange incursions spoiling the Neighboring Provinces out of design to keep his men in Exercise These preparations made both the Carthaginians and Syphax who had been complices in the affront put upon the young Prince believe they were made only to serve against them wherefore they resolved to prevent him making account that after they had defeated him they would go meet the Romans They had a far greater Army then he carried along with them great quantities of Baggage and Waggons loaden not only with things necessary but voluptuous on the contrary Masanissa was in all labor an Example to his Souldiers Among all his Cavalry there was no loads either of Provison or Baggage so that having nothing to hinder them sometimes they made a retreat sometimes they charged the Enemy and then again retired into places strong by Situation If sometimes he perceived himself pressed too hard upon he gave order to his people to save themselves as they best could and in the mean time kept himself concealed only with a few till such time as all returning by day or by night they were again assembled at the place by him appointed for their Rendezvouz Nay sometimes it hapned that he hid himself only with two horsemen in a Cave about which the enemy lay encamped and that without being discovered And it was indeed his principal care that the enemy should not know the place of his retreat that they might never be able to assail him but alwaies be forced to stand upon their own defence As for provision he gave himself not much trouble still furnishing himself by nightly surprises and whether it were Village Town or City he plundered all dividing the Prey among his Companions For which reason many Numidians stocked to him not for pay for he had none established but for booty which was more worth then pay Whilst Masanissa thus made war against the Carthaginians Scipio had perfected his preparations in Sicily so that having sacrificed to Iupiter and Neptune he set sayl for Affrica with two and fifty long Ships four hundred Ships of burthen and a great number of Barks and Shallops his forces were composed of Sixteen thousand foot and Six hundred horse and with them he brought great store of Arms and Engines of War Syphax and the Carthaginians having advice of his coming resolved to make a dissembled peace with Masanissa and to patch up things with him until such time as they had defeated Scipio But well he knew their design and that he might pay them in their own Coyn having first sent advice to Scipio he comes to find out Asdrubal with his whole body of horse as if he had been indeed reconciled It was near unto Utica that Asdrubal Syphax and Masanissa were incamped separately and Scipio having been driven by the winds on that Coast was likewise encamped near unto Asdrubal who had twenty thousand foot seven thousand horse and twenty seven Elephants Whether Syphax were afraid or that he had a mind to betray all parties he feigned that his Neighbors had invaded his Kingdom and under pretence to go and defend it left the others Scipio in the mean while having reduced some Cities under his obedience sent daily out some of his people to skirmish that he might draw Asdrubal to a battel which yet he despaired to do when Masanissa by night comes secretly to his Camp where after some Civilities passed on either side he advises him to place the next morning five thousand men in Ambush about thirty furlongs from Utica near the tower of Agathocles formerly Tyrant of Syracusa And about break of day he perswades Asdrubal to send Hanno who commanded the horse to take a view of the Roman forces and throw himself into Utica lest the enemy lying so near those inhabitants should revolt offering himself to follow and second him if Asdrubal thought it convenient Hanno hereupon took the field with a thousand chosen Carthaginian horse and some Lybians Masanissa with his Numidians
see the present State of Affairs how Mithridates Dominion is lessened the entrance of the Sea stopt against him infinite Spoils carried off his Lands But we intreat you a second time Gentlemen either hinder Mithridates from being thus wrong'd either defend him from oppression or suffer him to defend himself without perplexing your affairs Pelopidas spoke this so sternly that though before they had resolved to support Nicomedes yet now they would heark to them both as Judges and because they had some respect for Pelopidas words and could not reproach Mithridates with any breach of Alliance they stuck at it a little but after long Consultation they at last Answered in these terms We will neither have Nicomedes to offend Mithridates nor suffer any to make War upon Nicomedes for we judge it the interest of the Commonwealth not to suffer him to be wronged After they had pronounced this sentence Pelopidas would have rejoyned as not thinking it reasonable but they made him depart the Assembly Wherefore Mithridates manifestly wrong'd by the Romans sent his Son Ariarathes with a Powerful Army to seise upon the Kingdom of Cappadocia who presently drove thence Ariobarzanes and setled himself in his place Whereupon Pelopidas going once more to the Commissaries spoke to them in this manner The Oration of Pelopidas YOU have lately been told Gentlemen with what patience Mithridates suffered Phrygia and Cappadocia to be taken from him contrary to all Reason You made no account of the injuries done by Nicomedes even in your sight and when we had recourse to your Friendship and Alliance you Answered us rather like Men accused than Accusers That your Republique would not have any injury done to Nicomedes as if any one had done it You then are the cause if there hath lately passed any thing in Cappadocia to the prejudice of your Republique for the disdain wherewith you treated us and your scornful Answers obliged Mithridates to what he has done and he is now sending Deputies to your Senate to complain of you Therefore if you please find some body to plead your cause but he conjures you not to attempt any thing which is not resolved on by the common consent of the Senate and People of Rome and to think of the importance of this War Consider that the Kingdom he holds by Succession from his Father is twenty thousand Furlongs in length and that he hath added to it many Neighboring Nations and among other Colchis full of Warlike People of Greeks that inhabit on the Euxine Sea and of Barbarians confining on them That he has Friends ready at his Service Scythians Taures Basternes Thracians Sarmatians and in short all the people near Tanais Ister and the Palus Maeotis that Tigranes King of Armenia is his Son in Law and Arsaces King of the Parthians his Friend in conclusion that he has a mighty power of Shipping all either fitted or almost ready with all their Gang. Besides the Bithynians told you no lie in what they said of the Kings of Egypt and Syria for it 's very likely if the War once begin they will declare for us and not only they but your Provinces of Asia Greece and Africa As for Italy the most part of it not able to suffer your boundless Avarice is already revolted and certainly it is matter of amazement to all the World that not being yet able to suppress that War you undertake Mithridates by setting on Foot intrigues sometimes with Nicomedes sometimes with Ariobarzanes whilst yet you make profession to be our Friends and Allies but it is only in appearance you are so for in effect you treat us like Enemies And if what has past displease you give better Orders for the future prevent Nicomedes from farther offending your Friends which if you do I promise you on the behalf of King Mithridates his Arms and Assistance against your Allies in Italy which have revolted If not break off that specious and vain Friendship or let us go to Rome and plead our Cause After Pelopidas had finished this Discourse the Romans thinking it too insolent Replyed That they forbad Mithridates from attempting any thing against Nicomedes and ordained him to quit Cappadocia in which they would take care to reestablish Ariobarzanes As for Pelopidas they enjoyned him a speedy departure no more to return unless the King disposed himself to do what they desired With this Answer he was sent away but under a good guard that by the way he might not corrupt any Person and forthwith without expecting from the Senate and People of Rome their advice upon a War of such Importance the Romans assembled all the Forces they could draw together in Bithynia Cappadocia Paphlagonia and Gallogrecia of Asia The Army which P. Crassus commanded and designed for the guard of Asia being in a readiness and all the Auxiliary Troops drawn to a head they divided themselves into three bodies Cassius went and encamped on the Confines of Bithynia and Galatia Manius in the passage by which Mithridates might enter Bithynia and Q. Oppius on the Frontiers of Cappadocia being all together about forty thousand Men Foot and Horse They had likewise a Fleet commanded by Minucius Rufus and C. Populius to guard the mouth of the Pontus Besides Nicomedes was likewise in Arms to second them with fifty thousand Foot and six thousand Horse all in good order As for Mithridates his Army alone consisted of two hundred and fifty thousand Foot and forty thousand Horse He had three hundred Ships of War and three hundred Gallies with all Stores and Ammunition necessary for so great a Fleet and Army Two brothers called Neoptolemus and Archelaus had the Command of all these Forces in quality of his Lieutenant Generals but the King had his eye upon all and did many things himself As for the Auxiliary Troops Archathias his Son brought him ten thousand Horse out of Armenia the Less Dorilaus Commanded the Phalanxes and Craterus one hundred and thirty Chariots armed with Scythes Such were the preparations on both sides when at first Mithridates and the Romans Armed against each other which was about the hundred sixty sixth Olympiad The first Engagement was near the River Amniae in a spacious plain where Nicomedes and Mithridates Generals met As soon as they discovered one the other they drew into Battalia Nicomedes had all his Forces but Neoptolemus and Archelaus had only their light Armed Souldiers and Arcathias Horse with some Chariots for the gross of the Army was a great way distant wherefore they espying a Rock in the middle of the plain sent to possess it that they might not be inclosed by the Bithynians who were much the greater number Those they sent being driven back Neoptolemus was more then ever in fear of being encompassed wherefore he posted in with all speed possible making Arcathias do the like Nicomedes who knew him came to meet him and now began a bloody battel wherein the Bithynians proved the stronger
to be put to death and sent his head to Sylla After he had thus treated his Enemies to his hearts content so that there remained none of the contrary Faction but Sertorius and he a great way off he sent Metellus into Spain against him and began to dispose of the Affairs of the City at his pleasure There being now no regard to the Laws or Votes or any of the ancient Formalities all people hiding themselves for fear or at least holding their peace the People and Senate of Rome ratifyed all that Sylla had done as well in his Charge of Consul as in the Quality of Pro-Consul and caused to be erected for him in the place for Orations a guilt Statue on Horse-back with this Inscription To CORNELIUS SYLLA Emperor the Happy For his Flatterers called him happy because of the continual Success of his Arms against his Enemies and it was only Flattery gave him that Sirname I my self found in certain Memoirs that in the same Sessions of the Senate they gave him the Title of THE GRACIOUS which I the easier believe because himself afterwards took the name of FOELIX not much different in signification from that of GRACIOUS There was likewise found an Oracle which confirmed him in the Resolution of undertaking all these things and ran thus Believe brave Roman Venus guides thy Fate Knowing thee sprung from Great Aeneas Line By mighty Actions then advance thy State Sure of Assistance from the Powers Divine But let not Gods their Favours cast away Delphian Apollo waits for Gifts of thine And when War brings thee to Mount Taurus pay A Golden Axe to Carian Venus Shrine However it were or whoever it was that wrote either of these two Epithites on his Statue in my Opinion good Raillery might be made of either But they stopped not here to gain the good Grace of the Conqueror they sent to that place an Axe with a Crown of Gold and put on it this Inscription Great Venus let this Gift Acceptance meet Which Sylla head of Rome lays at thy Feet Dreaming he saw thee ready for the Fight Provoke his Soldiers to maintain his Right Being then in Effect King or Tyrant since he mounted not to this Supreme Power by the consent of the People or the Authority of the Senate but by force yet standing in need of some pretence that he might seem lawfully elected he made use of this Artifice Formerly in Rome the most vertuous were Kings and when any King died the Senators by turns from five days to five days presided over the Government of the Commonwealth till such time as another elected by the Votes of the people succeeded in the Kingdom and this Five Days-Magistrate was called Inter-rex Afterwards when the Republick was governed by Consuls instead of Kings only those Consuls going out of Office had Right to call an Assembly for the naming new and if by any Accident they happened to be wanting they created an Inter-rex to preside in the Assembly According to this custom Sylla took the occasion now there were no Consuls in the Commonwealth Carbo being cut off in Sicily and Marius in Praeneste and retiring for some time out of the City sent word to the Senate they should create an Inter-rex The Senate having received his Orders gave that Dignity to Valerius Flaccus hoping that by this means they should soon have an Assembly for the Election of new Consuls But Sylla writ to Flaccus to acquaint the Senate from him that the present Estate of Affairs required they should name a Dictator not for a certain time as the ancient Custom which had lasted four hundred years required but till the Affairs of the City of Italy and of the whole Empire which till now had been shaken with continual Wars were settled and put in better order There is no doubt this new Proposition meant only himself and indeed he was not shy in shewing the desired it for in the end of the Letter he wrote that if the Fathers thought good he offered himself to render that Service to the Commonwealth When this Letter was read in the City the Senate and people of Rome were grievously perplexed They saw now they must no more hope for a lawful Assembly and that they were no longer Masters wherefore under the Mask of an Assembly they willingly accepted of this false Appearance of Liberty granted them and created Sylla Tyrant with an absolute Power for as long time as he pleased for formerly the Dictatorship was a bounded Tyranny for a certain time of short continuance But having taken away these Bounds there wanted nothing to make it an accomplished Tyranny Yet they gave him a more honest name saying that he was created Dictator to make such Laws as he should judge profitable to the Commonwealth and to apply necessary Orders Thus the People of Rome who had been under the Dominion of Kings about a hundred Olympiads and almost as long under Popular Government where Consuls presided and changed every Year returned under a Form of Royalty in the Seventy fifth Olympiad of the Greeks there was now no fighting at the Olympick Games nor any other Exercise but running For Sylla after the War with Mithridates was ended and the Intestine Disorders appeased sent for all the Combatants and whatever else could give any pleasure to the City under pretence to recreate the people wearied with so many Toyls And that he might not seem to incroach upon the ancient form of Government he permitted the People to chuse Consuls They gave that Dignity to M. Tullius and Cornelius Dolobella but he in Quality of Dictator reigned absolutely even over the Consuls themselves for they carried before him four and twenty Axes as they did before the other Dictators and as formerly before the Kings and he always went encompassed with Guards Besides he cancelled Laws and made new ones Among others he made one by which he enacted that none for the future should receive the Office of Praetor till he had been Quaestor nor be Consul till he had been Praetor nor obtain one Dignity twice until ten years after he had exercised it As for the Tribuneship he so enâ—eebled it that it seemed quite under foot making a Law by which it was enacted that after being Tribune no Man should be admitted to any other Dignity so that no Person either of Quality or desirous of Honour would accept that Charge Yet it is not positively certain whether it was he that transferred it from the People's Choice to the Senate's as it is at present However it were seeing the Senators reduced to a small number by reason of the Tumults and Wars he added three hundred whom he took from the principal Cavaliers yet not till having first demanded the Suffrage of the Assembly for each of them He augmented likewise the number of the People with all the Slaves of the Proscripts whom he found well made and in the Flower of their Age to the number of ten
in Battel from whence some making reflexion on these words which on a suddain heat escaped him have believed that if he had been Victorious he would have made himself Master of the Commonwealth Now to give an Account of the number of the Forces on both Parts without having recourse to that Multitude of Authors who so ill agree in this Point I will follow the gravest of the Romans who report exactly the number of the Italians as the principal Force of the Army and make little mention of the Auxiliaries whom indeed they had but little consideration of Caesar had about two and twenty thousand Men of whom about a thousand were Horse and Pompey had half as many more of whom about seven thousand were Horse So that most credible Authors say that there were about seventy thousand Italians in both Armies those who are most modest say sixty thousand and those who are boldest four hundred thousand of whom some say Pompey's made more than half others that Caesar's were but one third so difficult it is exactly to know the truth But however it were both the one and the other Party placed their chief Relyance on those of that Nation Not but that Caesar had good Auxiliary Forces he had French Cavalry and a great number of Transalpine Gauls and Grecian Light Armed Foot of the Acarnanians Etolians and Dolopes But Pompey had a great multitude of all the Oriental Nations as well Horse as Foot out of Greece the Lacedemonians with their Kings the other Peloponnesians and Boeotians and even the Athenians came to this War Though both Parties had caused it to be proclaimed by the publick Cryer that all Persons were forbid touching them being Priests to Ceres the Inventor of Laws yet would they come to bear Arms that they might have the Honour to fight for the Roman Empire After the Greeks came Troops of almost all Nations lying upon the Sea-Coasts of the Levant Seas from Thrace from the Hellespont from Bithynia Phrygia Ionia Lydia Pamphilia Pisidia Paphlagonia Cilicia Syria Phaenicia Iudaea Arabia Cyprus Rhodes with Slingers from Crete and all the other Isles There were likewife Kings and Sovereigns with their Forces Deiotarus Tetrarch of Gallograecia and Ariarathes King of Cappadocia Taxiles lead the Armenians from this side the Euphrates and Megabates Lieutenant of King Artabasus those from beyond that River besides several little Sovereigns that brought what Forces they had They say likewife that Cleopatra and her Brother yet a Child sent sixty Gallies whose Forces were not at the Fight no more than those of the rest of the Fleet who lay doing nothing at Corcyra And most certain it is that Pompey was not so prudent as he ought to have been in not making good use of his Naval Forces in which he was so strong that he might always have hindred the bringing from any place Provisions to his Enemy but chusing rather to fight on Land against Men hardened to Labour and accustomed to Victory But it is apparent that the Victory at Dyrrachium made him slacken his Care and that nothing could have been more advantageous to Caesar than that loss for Pompey's Soldiers grown proud with that Success would no longer obey and marched against their Enemies hand over head But decreed it was he should commit this fault to give Birth to that Empire which extends it self so far over the Nations of the Earth The Armies being disposed and ready to fight the two Generals by words endeavoured to encourage their Men And Pompey spoke to his in this manner The Oration of Pompey AT length Soldiers you are put in a posture to fight rather by commanding me than doing what I command For whereas I was resolved to destroy Caesar by temporizing you would needs fight him Since you therefore are the Enactors of this Battel and the Arbiters of it shew what you are to those Enemies you so far surpass in number Despise them as young and vigorous Conquerors should the Vanquished surcharged with Age and tired with Labour Besides your advantage over them lies not only in your Preparations and Forces but in the Testimony of your own Consciences and in the Iustice of your Cause since we fight for Liberty for our Country for the Laws for Glory for so many Senators and so many Roman Knights against a Man who aims at Dominion by his Thefts and Robberies Let us go on then in good hopes whither your Courage leads you and remember the Day of Dyrrachium when we put to flight the same Enemy and what a great number of Colours you in one day brought away your Prize Caesar in like manner encouraged his Men in words to this purpose The Oration of Caesar. THe most difficult part of our Labours is now at an end Fellow Soldiers we are no more to fight with Hunger and Want we have now only Men to deal with aud this day will put an end to all provided you do but remember the promise you made me at Dyrrachium and in what manner you swore to one another in my presence never to return from the Fight without Victory These are the Men we are come to seek from as far as the Pillars of Hercules those who durst not stand us but fled before us out of Italy these who after we had fought ten Years together for the Glory of our Country after that we had gained a multitude of Victories and added to the Roman Empire four hundred Nations in Spain Gaul and Brittany would have deprived us of the Honours due to us of the Triumphs and other Recompences our Services merited In a word these whom I could never move neither by the Iustice of my Right nor by the Favours I have done them for you know how many of them I have set free without doing them the least injury in hopes they would do things reasonable for me Remember then their Injustice and if ever you did believe I had any kindness or good will for you if you if you have ever experienced my Liberality or received my Largesses let this Day 's Actions make good your Acknowledgments It is no hard matter for Old Soldiers to overcome Hot-headed Young sters unskilled in the Mystery and who like Children come to the business in disorder and despising their General for I am certainly assured he himself leads them trembling and sore against his mind to this Battel for seeing his Fortune grow old he is himself grown slothful and stupid and does not so much command as obey the Command of others Hitherto I have yet spoke to you only concerning the Italians for the Strangers I would not have you trouble your selves nor account them for any thing nor would I have you go to charge the Slaves of Syria Lydia and Phrygia only born for Flight and Servitude I know it certainly and you shall see it that Pompey will not give them any place in his Battel Engage therefore only the Italians and if the Strangers come to
and contented himself with the publick Officers As he gave audience thus attended in the place the Senate led by the Consuls with the ordinary pomp came to present him those Edicts before spoken of he gave them every one his hand but when they came in a Body rose not from his Seat and suffered them to stand which gave subject of discourse to them who accused him of aiming at the Royalty After having accepted all the other Honours save only the Consulate for ten years he designed himself Consul for the next year with Anthony General of his Horse and gave Anthony for his Successor in the charge of his Horse Lepidus then Governour of Spain who had his Lieutenants in that Province He recalled all Exiles except those who were banished for some great crime and pardoned all those of the contrary Faction even many who had born Arms against him At the same time he gave to some Offices for a year to others Governments of Provinces or Armies to command which gave the people occasion to hope that he would restore the Government of the Common-wealth as Sylla had done who was mounted to the same power but those hopes appeared to be ill founded After all this one of those who would confirm the rumour spread abroad concerning the Royalty having put upon the Head of one of his Statues a Wreath of Lawrel interlaced with white Ribbands and the Tribunes of the People Marullâ—s and Casetius having informed themselves of discovered and imprisoned the Author of the Action believing thereby to oblige Caesar who seemed to take amiss the speaking of the name of King he approved their proceedings and when in the Assembly some saluting him gave him the Title of King perceiving the people shed tears he pleasantly reproved them by saying I am not King but Caesar as if they had mistaken one name for another but when Marullus issued out process against those had called him by that name and caused them to be brought before him by the Ushers as Criminals he could not brook it but complained to the Sâ—nate of Marullus and his Colleagues who out of malice gave him the reputation of affecting the Tyranny adding they were worthy of death but he would be satisfied that they were deprived of their Offices and the quality of Senators This action confirmed the opinion of all the world that he was glad to be called so that he might prove by degrees the minds of the people and at last mount to the Monarchy for it was a crime to have called him a King and besides the Office of the Tribunes was hallowed and inviolable by Oath of the Ancients and by old Laws and besides they stayed not till the time of their Magistracy which approached was expired which heightened the indignation of all good Men. And as soon as he perceived it he repented himself to have exercised his power with too much rigour as soon as he beheld himself in peace and as some say gave orders to his Friends to govern themselves with prudence because his Enemies had already an occasion to do him hurt whereupon they asking him if he would not have the Spanish Cohorts continually about his person he answered that nothing could be more miserable than to be perpetually guarded nor any condition of life be more uneasie yet all this hindered not the endeavours of those who would have had him take the Title of King And as he was Spectator at the Lupercal Ceremonies seated upon a Throne of Gold in the place for Orations Anthony his Colleague in the Consulate running about the City naked and anointed with Oil as is the custom for the Priests of those Ceremonies ascended the place where he sate and planted a Diadem on his Head He laid it down as soon as he saw how few people applauded the Spectacle Anthony put it on once more and he took it off the second time The people looked upon this Debate with silence impatient to see what would be the issue but when they at last perceived Caesar remained Master the place was filled with Acclamations and Prayers for his Prosperity After this whether he lost all hopes or that he grew weary of the pursuit he quite gave over this design to avoid all envy and that he might leave the City which he began to grow jealous of because of his Enemies or else for the better preservation of his health never more afflicted with the Falling Sickness and sudden Convulsions than when he lay idle he resolved upon a far distant Expedition against the Getes and the Parthians The Getes being a people hardened to labour warlike and almost bordering upon the Roman Empire he resolved to prevent their attempts and for the Parthians he designed to revenge the Murder of Crassus which they had committed contrary to their Treaties He therefore sent before sixteen Legions and ten thousand Horse which had passed the Adriatick Gulf and forthwith a rumour was spread that there was an Oracle of the Sibyls which declared that the Parthians could not be subdued by the Romans unless they were commanded by a King This made some talk publickly that in what concerned the Romans they might all call him Dictator or Emperour or some other softer name than that of King but in regard of other Nations taxed under the Roman Empire there needed no scruple be made at the giving him that Title He having still refused it hastened all he could to get out of the City where many envied him But four days before the day appointed for his departure he was slain by his Enemies in the Palace either out of malice to see him raised to such supreme felicity and height of Command or else as themselves said out of a desire to restore the Common-wealth to its first Estate for they feared after having overcome these other Nations nothing could hinder him from making himself King yet as it appears to me it was only for the name sake they attempted all things for in the thing it self there is no difference between Dictator and King There were two Chiefs of this Conspiracy the Son of that Brutus whom Sylla put to death M. Brutus Cepio who came for refuge to Caesar himself after the Battel of Pharsalia and C. Cassius who yielded to him the Galleys in the Hellespont both of Pompey's Party and with them was joyned one of Caesar's most intimate Friends Decimus Brutus Albinus He had always treated them honourably and with great confidence and when he was going to the War in Africa had given them Armies and the Government of the Gauls to Decimus Brutus of the Transalpine and to M. Brutus of the Cisalpine Brutus and Cassius were at this time designed Praetors and were in difference for a jurisdiction which among the Citizens is accounted the most honourable of all others whether they contended out of ambition or only feigned to do it lest their Conspiracy should be perceived Caesar was Arbitrator between them and as 't
the form of Assemblies lawfully held instead of those overawed by the tyranny besides it would be more honourable for them not to be esteemed less worthy those Honours after the restoring the Common-wealth than under the Monarchy As soon as they heard these Discourses some Praetors deposed their Ornaments and the marks of their Dignities on the Benches of the Authors of this opinion in hopes to receive them more legitimately with the others but the greater part being doubtful of the snare believed if they once let go what they had in their hands they should never catch it again Mean while Anthony and Lipidus went out of the Senate into the place where some were assembled and demanded their presence when they saw them coming from above they began to cry out in confusion and after with much trouble they were silenced one of them whether of his own motion or suborned cryed out that they should prevent the Cities falling into the like calamities which they had formerly suffered Then Anthony opening his Robe shewed his Corslet underneath to incense the multitude as if the life of the Consul himself were not secure without Arms. Thereupon some crying out that the crime ought to be punished and others demanding pardon for the guilty and peace he said to these As for peace we will consider of the ways to make it so that it may last for it is very hard to find securities for it since the Oaths made to Caesar and those with execrations against those that violated them were in vain Then turning himself to those required vengeance for this Murder having praised them as the more religious observers of Faith and Piety he added these words I would put my self at the head of you and first of all my self cry the same thing if I were not Consul but my charge obliges me to do not so much what is just as what is advantageous to the Common-wealth for so it is ordained by all those in the Palace though that has been the loss of Caesar who pardoning those he had overcome in favour of the publick Good has been murdered by themselves After these artificial Discourses made by Anthony to each Party those who were for revenging the Murder would have Lepidus undertake to execute the vengeance and when he began to speak to them the multitude who were too far off cryed out that he should come down unto the middle of the place that the people might more easily hear him whereupon thinking there might be some change in the minds of the people he came to the Tribunal for Orations where with tears in his eyes he before all the world deplored the misfortune arrived to Caesar and in the end added I was yesterday with Caesar in this very place where today I am forced to demand your opinion of his death what would you have me do To which many crying out Let him be revenged The Mercenaries on the contrary cryed out Peace To whom he answered We would with all our hearts but what peace can we make or upon what Oaths can it be secured since there are none so sacred by which we have not sworn to Caesar and yet they have all been violated by those whom we thought good Men Then turning to the others Our Caesar said he is dead that person truly sacred that adorable Man and we are fearful his death will cause some great misfortune to the Common-wealth but the Fathers will consider of it and the most part of them are of advice to take order in it Whereupon they began again to cry Do you alone do that I would said he and can alone undertake it but it is not sufficient that you and I would or do undertake it alone Upon these artificial contests the Mercenaries knowing him inflamed with ambition praised him and offered him the High Priesthood of Caesar which he listened to with much joy and told them Remember what you offer me another time if you thing me worthy of it The hopes he conceived of this Priesthood having given him the boldness to ask with more instance for peace he told them Though reason and Iustice forbid it I will do what you desire After which words he returned with speed to the Palace where in the interim Dolobella had shamefully consumed all that time in endeavouring to have himself confirmed in the Consulate Anthony who expected what the people would do beheld that with derision and because there was great difference of opinion contented himself to be a Spectator in the end seeing the people were not heated with all these things he resolved to consent to the impunity of the Conspirators because indeed he saw himself constrained to it yet dissembling the necessity he let them understand that in sparing their lives he did them a great favour and as to what concerned Caesar he undertook to cause all he had done to be ratified and confirmed by Decree So Commanding silence he began to speak in this manner The Oration of Anthony WHilst you debated Gentlemen about the crime committed by our Citizens I gave you nothing of my opinion and when you put it to the question and took votes concerning Caesar I proposed you but one thing of all he had done which extremely perplexed you and not without reason for if we lay down our charges we tacitly confess that we and so many great men are unworthy Let us now consider the other things which it is not easie to express In so great a number of Cities Provinces Kings and Potentates for almost all the people which Caesar has subdued by his valour and his Forces from the East to the West have received his Laws and are obliged to his liberality and favour Can you believe any of them will suffer what they possess to be taken away at any less rate than blowing up the Flames of War in all parts you who think it it convenient to save wicked men because the Common-wealth is weak and impotent I will not speak of people far distant whom fear hath hitherto kept within the bounds of duty Regard not only our Neighbours but those who dwell among us in Italy those old Soldiers who have received from Caesar the reward of those Victories for which they exposed their lives They are still in Bodies and armed and there are many thousands of them in the City what think you they would do if what was given be taken from them Will they wait for other Colonies and other Lands You may conjecture by what you saw last night for as you went through the City to solicite for the guilty you know how they threatened you think you they will stand quietly and see Caesar's Body unworthily draggâ—d and thrown into the common Sewer for the Laws enact that Tyrants should be so treated do you think it would not move them who have fought under him or that they can hope you will let them enjoy the rewards of those Victories they have gained against the
believe that Plancus indeed might write it but by private Orders from Anthony who would not do it himself because of the name of Pompey or for fear to displease Cleapatra who esteemed Pompey for his Father's sake others say again Planâ—ns did it of his own accord fearing Pompey might raise some new difference between Caesar and Anthony or that Cleopatra might fall in love with him Let it be how it will after his death Anthony took another Expedition into Armenia and Caesar went to make War against the Illyrians who wasted the Coasts of Italy some of whom were never subject to the Roman Empire others cast off their Yoak in the time of the Civil Wars But because the Illyrian Affairs are not so well known to me as to compose thereof a perfect Volume and that likewise I cannot speak of them more properly than when writing of the time that Province was absolutely reduced under the Roman Power I have designed to refer it till I write what passed under Augustus and now only make a Summary to be annexed to the History of Macedon those Provinces being contiguous FINIS Books Printed for and sold by John Amery at the Peacock against S. Dunstan's Church in Fleet-street 1 COllection of Law Entries c. by William Rastal Printed 1670. fol. 2. Cokes Commentary on Littleton Printed 1670. fol. 3. The whole Office of a Sheriff by Michael Dalton with very large Additioâ—â— Printed 1670. fol. 4. Formulâ—bene placit andi by W. Brown fol. 5. Tables to most of the Printed Presidents of Pleadings Writs and Returns of all the Common Law collected by G. Townsend fol. 7. The Law of Common Assurances touching Deeds in general viz. Feoffments Gifts Grants Leases with two Alphabetical Tables by William Sheppard Esquire Printed 1669. fol. 7. The Country Justice containing the Practice of the Justices of Peace as well in as out of Sessions c. with Additions by Michael Dalton to the year 1677. fol. 8. The History of the most Victorious and Renowned Princess Elizabeth late Queen of England containing all the most important and remarkable Passages of State both at home and abroad so far as they were linked with English Affairs during her long and prosperous Reign The third Edition very much corrected and amended by William Camden Clarenceux King at Arms. Printed 1675. fol. 9. Lord Coke's eleven Reports in French fol. Printed 1672. 10. Lord Coke's Book of Entries fol. 11. Lord Dyar's Reports with a new Table fol. Printed 1672. 12. The Complete Clark containing the best forms of all sorts of Presidents quarto Printed 1671. 13. Placita Latinè Rediviva quart 14. An Abridgment of all the Statutes in force and use from Magna Charta to the year 1676. by Edmond Wrigate octavo 15. Fitzherbert's Natura Brevium corrected and amended octav 16. The Terms of the Law with Additions octav Printed 1670. 17. Advice to Grand Jâ—rors in cases of Blood asserting from Law and Reason that at the King's Suit in all cases where a person by Law is to be indicted for killing of another person that the Indictment ought to be drawn for Murther and that the Grand Jury ought to find it murther where their evidence is that the party intended to be indicted had his hands in Blood and did kill the other person By Zachary Babington Esquire octav Printed 1677. 18. Man without passion or the wise Stoick according to the sentiments of Seneca written in French by that Great and Learned Philosopher Anthony le Grand Englisâ—â—d by G. R. octav Printed 1675. 19. An Introduction to the History of England comprising the principal Affairs of this Land from its first planting to the coming of the English Saxons together with a Catalogue of the British and Pictish Kings by Daniel Langhorn octav 1676. 20. Transactions or Reports in Chancery by William Tothill Esquire oct 21. The Complete Lawyer by William Nâ—y Attorney General to King Charles the First oct 22. Tenants Law a very useful Treatise duod 23. Dying and dead mens living words or fair warnings to a careless World being a Collection of most excellent sayings by the greatest and wisest men that ever were by D D. Lloyd duod 25. Littleton's Tenures French and English duod 25. Conjugium conjurgium or some serious considerations on Marriage wherein by way of caution and advice to a friend its nature ends events concomitant accidents c. are examined by William Seymar Esquire octav * Or Quick-sands * This is possibly that which Hâ—rododâ—tus calls Palus Tritandes * Or the Lower Syria * Now called the Black Sea * Commander in chief or General of the Army * England not known in the Authors days but by the name of Britain the name of England being brought in by the Angles a People in Germany called in by the Britains to assist them in their War with the Picts a People that then possessed that part of the Island called then Caledonia now Scotland * Lieutenancies or Vicegerencies * Byrsa in Greek signifies a Hide * Tuscany * The Greek calls them scyths and indeed they did call these sort of hooks scyths which they made use of in the same manner as they did the Rams only the Rams beat the Walls inwards and the Scyths pull'd them outwards and for the word rampier the Greek says the hides and other coverings there is a like description in the seventh Boâ—k of Caesar's Commentaries in the Siege of Bourges * Or a Yard There wants here a leaf in the Original so that this which follows seems part of an Oration made by a Roman Senator in open Senate while Peace was debated * Galleys of five ranks to a bank * Or about 80 fathoms aâ—cording to the Greek Acre * It is to be imagined he means but a part laboured at a time and when weary were relieved by others * Colonel of 1000 men * Each Mark containing eight Ounces * Treasurer * Or Coelosyria * Constantinople * Or Brindisium * About two milesand a half * Hastati Principe Triarii according to the Roman order * Or Horsemen with silver Shields * Or Saviour * This Tigranes had a Son also called Tigranes * The Victorious * The General name of the Kings of Parthia * The Kings particular Name * Colonels and Captains * Sagitarious signifies an Archer * A Mile and half * A thousand Mâ—les * Above six Miles * Taken in Crassus War * So called because of its resemblance to a Tortoise shell * Thirty Miles a thing almost incredible though so good an Historian write it * 2500 miles * Galatia * One a Cloâ—k * Or Regiments of Guards * Raguâ—a * An hundred twenty and five Miles * An uncertain measure * Fifteen miles * Captain of an hundred mâ—n * Tuscany * Fifty Miles * Gaul * Genoua * Note there were 25 Lieutenants and here are Commissions but for 1. 3. * 〈…〉 * A City of Colchis built by Castor and Pollux who are said to be Sons of Jupiter Dioscuri in Greek signifying Son of Jupiter * Bous in Greek signifies Bull or Cow * One hundred twenty and five Miles * A certain kind of Marble * Or beds for they then eat on beds * Or beds for they then eat on beds * Sclavonians * Seven â—undred and fifty Miles * One hundred and fifty Miles * Gauls * Croats or those of the County of Zara. * Illyrians and Celtes * Austria and Hungaria * The Northern Bavaria * Carsu * Dyâ—rhachium * Po. * Isâ—ria a peninsulâ— in the gulf of Venice * Danubeâ— * Huns * These Walls were part of Wood and part of Stone * Burbonâ—i * Suisses * Canton of Zurick * Hollanders * Those of the Diocess of Cambray * Savoyards * Dutchies of Zupthen Cleves and Berg. * One thousand two hundred and fifty miles * Carâ—agena * Toâ—cany * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Oblivio or Limia * Lethe or Limia * Scipio's Boom * Terraconensis Boetica Lusitania * Tuscany * Aventine * Ptolomy and Cleopatra Brother and Sister * Five Miles * Tuscany * Dutchy of Spoletto * The Marches of Ancoma * Those of the Basilicate * Abruzzo * Garigliano * Clarimont * Praetexta * Boiona * Abruzzo * Troâ—ja * Salpe * Canosa * A place so called from the Beaks of Ships called Rostra taken from the Enemies and set up here †Tivoly * Military * Laricia * City of Lavinia * Aboâ—t twelve Miles and an half * Genoua †Marches of Ancona * Palâ—strina †Sezza * Chiâ—si * Ten Miles off * Portugal †Moâ—â—iedra * Mount S. Angelo †Marches of Ancona * Tribune of the People †Savoy and the Dauphinate * According to Buda 's Computation this will not amount to above forty thousand Pounds Plutarch says he owed one hundred and thirty Talents which according to the same Compatation of Buda will be one hundred ninety five thousand Pounds * Pompey Crassus Caesar. * About one hundred and twenty thousand pounds Sterling * About two hundred and twenty thousand Pounds * Twenâ—y five Crowâ—s * France * About four hundred and ten Miles * Durazzo * Otranto * Leridâ— * About thirty Crowns * Ionian * A hundred and fifty Miles long * Ger naâ—s * Septimius in all other Authors * Regiment of Guards * Tetra * The Fifteenth * Fifty Miles * Amatius * Arezzo * Pretorian Cohort * Marches of Ancona * The Patron and Son of the Patron was Heir to the Freed Man * Eight hundred and sevâ—nty Pounds Sterling * Three hundred and twelve Pounds Sterling * Almost eight thousand Pound * Of Dram * Treasurer * Portugals * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies a fountain or spring * Near twenty Miles * Above forty Miles â— * By way of Irony * Of Arycia where was the Nymph Aegeria * Dutchy of Milan * Tuscans * Rostrum * Now Monteleon * Tore de Mare * Pantalarea * Brigantines * Melazzo