contrary_a act_n of_o injury_n by_o do_v evil_a in_o stead_n of_o good_a three_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n and_o anticipation_n of_o error_n and_o fraud_n and_o that_o evident_a probation_n may_v be_v have_v man_n do_v most_o profitable_o order_v deed_n to_o be_v do_v in_o such_o a_o palpable_a and_o plain_a form_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o injury_n see_v the_o manner_n of_o do_v these_o deed_n be_v free_a and_o in_o our_o power_n thus_o though_o the_o dispositive_a will_n of_o the_o proprietar_n be_v sufficient_a to_o alienate_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o and_o to_o constitute_v the_o right_n thereof_o in_o another_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n delivery_n or_o apprehension_n of_o possession_n for_o convey_v the_o right_n of_o good_n and_o seize_v be_v necessary_a for_o convey_v of_o the_o right_n of_o land_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o so_o by_o our_o custom_n assignation_n be_v not_o effectual_a to_o transfer_v personal_a right_n till_o intimation_n follow_v our_o custom_n also_o appoint_v write_v to_o be_v make_v where_o it_o be_v easy_a and_o ordinar_n to_o be_v do_v and_o therefore_o as_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n thereof_o do_v exclude_v witness_n in_o matter_n of_o importance_n and_o admit_v only_o write_v or_o oath_n of_o party_n in_o case_n where_o write_n be_v accustom_v so_o the_o roman_n ordain_v that_o because_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o people_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o mere_a conference_n that_o word_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v mistake_v by_o themselves_o or_o witness_n that_o therefore_o the_o party_n shall_v perfeit_v such_o contract_n by_o a_o solemn_a stipulation_n wherein_o the_o one_o party_n do_v interrogat_n if_o the_o other_o do_v agree_v to_o such_o term_n as_o he_o express_v and_o the_o other_o immediate_o repeat_v his_o answer_n close_v with_o he_o in_o term_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o do_v not_o so_o stipulate_v they_o refuse_v they_o action_n upon_o naked_a paction_n four_o nation_n for_o the_o flourish_a of_o their_o family_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n and_o their_o law_n do_v order_n they_o otherways_o than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v for_o in_o the_o most_o part_n the_o heretage_n and_o succession_n in_o the_o whole_a land-rights_a belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o stem_n and_o line_n of_o the_o family_n and_o the_o parent_n be_v presume_v to_o provide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n with_o competent_a portion_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o right_a of_o succession_n do_v belong_v to_o all_o and_o even_o in_o this_o positive_a law_n alter_v the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v its_o example_n from_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o god_n by_o which_o the_o male_n exclude_v the_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v a_o double_a portion_n five_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o people_n man_n do_v lay_v the_o heavy_a penalty_n upon_o the_o transgression_n of_o such_o law_n as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n thereunto_o which_o may_v be_v alter_v when_o these_o inclination_n alter_v and_o so_o the_o lord_n do_v frame_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o the_o humour_n of_o that_o people_n in_o some_o thing_n permit_v without_o punish_v the_o transgression_n of_o the_o most_o palpable_a and_o weighty_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n and_o also_o extend_v the_o proportion_n of_o equality_n observe_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o restitution_n and_o retribution_n as_o in_o theft_n hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v yetsure_o they_o be_v most_o happy_a who_o law_n be_v near_a to_o equity_n and_o most_o declaratory_a of_o it_o and_o lest_o alter_v of_o the_o effect_n thereof_o except_o in_o case_n eminent_o profitable_a like_a unto_o these_o now_o point_v at_o yea_o and_o the_o nation_n be_v more_o happy_a who_o law_n have_v enter_v by_o long_a custom_n wring_v out_o from_o the_o debate_n upon_o particular_a cause_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o fix_a and_o know_v custom_n for_o thereby_o the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n through_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v experimental_o see_v so_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o some_o case_n convenient_a if_o in_o other_o case_n afterward_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a it_o prove_v abortive_a in_o the_o womb_n of_o time_n before_o it_o attain_v the_o maturity_n of_o a_o law_n but_o in_o statute_n the_o lawgiver_n must_v at_o once_o balance_v the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n wherein_o he_o may_v and_o often_o do_v fall_v short_a and_o there_o do_v arise_v casus_fw-la incogitati_fw-la wherein_o the_o statute_n be_v out_o and_o recourse_n must_v be_v have_v to_o equity_n but_o these_o be_v best_a which_o be_v approbatory_n or_o correctory_n of_o experience_a custom_n and_o in_o a_o customary_a law_n though_o the_o people_n run_v some_o hazard_n at_o first_o of_o their_o judge_n arbitrament_n yet_o when_o that_o law_n be_v come_v to_o a_o fullness_n and_o consistence_n they_o have_v by_o much_o the_o advantage_n in_o this_o that_o what_o custom_n have_v change_v be_v throw_v away_o and_o obliterat_fw-la without_o memory_n or_o mention_v of_o it_o but_o in_o statutory_a write_a law_n the_o vestige_n of_o all_o the_o alteration_n remain_v and_o ordinary_o increase_v to_o such_o a_o mass_n that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v evidence_n and_o security_n to_o the_o people_n and_o become_v labyrinth_n wherein_o they_o be_v fair_a to_o lose_v their_o right_n if_o not_o themselves_o and_o must_v have_v a_o implicit_a faith_n in_o these_o who_o can_v comprehend_v they_o without_o make_v it_o the_o work_n of_o their_o life_n 15._o our_o custom_n as_o they_o have_v arisen_a main_o from_o equity_n so_o they_o be_v also_o from_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal_n law_n from_o which_o the_o term_n tenor_n and_o form_n of_o they_o be_v much_o borrow_v and_o therefore_o these_o especial_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v great_a weight_n namely_o in_o case_n where_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o form_v but_o none_o of_o these_o have_v with_o we_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v only_o receive_v according_a to_o their_o equity_n and_o expediency_n secundum_fw-la bonum_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v from_o some_o narrative_n of_o our_o statute_n that_o the_o parliament_n do_v own_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n to_o be_v our_o law_n as_o in_o the_o revocation_n of_o king_n james_n the_o four_o parliament_z 1493._o c._n 51._o where_o it_o be_v say_v and_o since_o it_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o law_n civil_a and_o canon_n that_o minor_n may_v revoke_v par._n 1540_o cap._n 80._o so_o likewise_o nottar_n forger_n of_o false_a writ_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v after_o the_o disposition_n of_o common_a law_n par._n 1551._o cap._n 22._o and_o in_o the_o act_n establish_v religion_n all_o act_n contrair_a or_o constitution_n canon_n civil_a or_o municipal_a be_v abrogate_a par._n 1567._o cap._n 31._o yet_o these_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o then_o that_o these_o law_n be_v a_o example_n after_o the_o similitude_n whereof_o the_o parliament_n proceed_v and_o though_o in_o the_o case_n of_o falsehood_n the_o punishment_n be_v assume_v as_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o will_v make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o in_o so_o far_o it_o be_v our_o law_n before_o much_o less_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o the_o abrogation_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n at_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n because_o in_o the_o popish_a church_n it_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o authoritative_a law_n but_o since_o it_o be_v only_o a_o law_n as_o to_o these_o case_n that_o be_v act_v by_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n and_o in_o the_o rest_n only_o as_o our_o custom_n assume_v some_o particular_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o for_o the_o full_a evidence_n of_o the_o contrair_a there_o be_v a_o express_a and_o special_a statute_n declare_v this_o kingdom_n subject_n only_o to_o the_o king_n law_n and_o no_o other_o sovereign_n law_n par._n 1425._o cap._n 48._o par._n 1503._o cap._n 79._o yea_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n regulat_v the_o succession_n and_o right_n of_o scottish_a man_n in_o scotland_n though_o die_v abroad_o be_v resident_a there_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o colonel_n henderson_n child_n who_o have_v die_v in_o holland_n legat_v upon_o heritable_a bond_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n there_o yet_o they_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v by_o testament_n but_o belong_v to_o his_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n dury_n 9_o decemb._n 1623._o the_o
in_o the_o superior_n hand_n but_o if_o within_o the_o half_a they_o be_v not_o null_a as_o to_o the_o vassal_n but_o be_v null_a as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o exclude_v he_o from_o no_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o ward_n etc._n etc._n but_o as_o the_o half_n may_v be_v sub-sett_a so_o any_o other_o right_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o half_a be_v sustain_v as_o a_o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n march_v 6._o 1611._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a hold_n of_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a but_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la it_o infer_v not_o recognition_n be-because_a the_o superior_a be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o change_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n to_o the_o vassal_n brother_n though_o his_o appearand_a heir_n for_o the_o time_n see_v there_o remain_v hope_n of_o issue_n in_o the_o disponer_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la spot_n recognition_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n feus_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n ward-vassal_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o be_v find_v not_o only_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o ward-liferent-escheat_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n but_o also_o that_o the_o sub-vassal_n feu_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o his_o superior_a the_o king_n vassal_n forefaulture_n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v a_o confirmation_n of_o such_o feus_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v exclude_v and_o by_o a_o confirmation_n in_o exchequer_n forefaulture_n will_v be_v exclude_v without_o question_n even_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o and_o therefore_o the_o ratification_n and_o approbation_n of_o feus_n by_o the_o act_n 1457._o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n must_v also_o secure_v against_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o feu_n as_o be_v find_v february_n 12._o 1674._o and_o january_n 23._o 1680._o marquess_z of_o huntly_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o cairnborrow_n who_o feu_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n 1606._o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n the_o like_a though_o the_o feu_n be_v renew_v upon_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la not_o be_v ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver-craigs_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achinbreck_n and_o earl_n of_o argyle_n 33._o infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi be_v such_o who_o reddendo_fw-la be_v a_o small_a elusory_a rent_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o then_o prosite_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o it_o bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o a_o rose_n penny_n money_n or_o the_o like_a and_o these_o be_v not_o count_v blensh_o right_n unless_o they_o bear_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n or_o if_o they_o bear_v not_o si_fw-la petatur_fw-la or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o yearly_a growth_n or_o service_n it_o be_v not_o due_a and_o may_v not_o be_v demand_v at_o any_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v demand_v within_o the_o year_n at_o the_o term_n as_o a_o stone_n of_o wax_n or_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n february_n 16._o 1627._o lord_n semple_n contra_fw-la blair_n where_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v before_o june_n 18._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la galloway_n the_o like_a find_v where_o the_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la june_n 15._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la terson_n so_o blensh_o duty_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v declare_v only_o due_a if_o they_o be_v ask_v yearly_o and_o no_o price_n can_v be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o exchequer_n parliament_n 1606._o cap._n 14._o yet_o see_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n who_o ought_v yearly_a to_o call_v for_o his_o blensh_fw-mi duty_n whereof_o many_o be_v considerable_a therefore_o the_o exchequer_n continue_v to_o exact_v the_o king_n blensh_fw-mi duty_n though_o not_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exclude_v all_o liquidation_n of_o blensh_a duty_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o therefore_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_v though_o not_o within_o the_o year_n unless_o the_o vassal_n voluntary_o offer_v a_o price_n in_o these_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n there_o be_v no_o ward_n and_o marriage_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o it_o differ_v main_o from_o ward_n 34._o infeftment_n feu_n be_v like_a to_o the_o emphyteosis_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o location_n have_v in_o it_o a_o pension_n as_o the_o hire_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n for_o such_o be_v common_o grant_v of_o barren_a ground_n and_o therefore_o it_o retain_v still_o that_o name_n also_o and_o be_v account_v and_o call_v a_o assidation_n or_o location_n in_o our_o law_n but_o because_o such_o can_v be_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a all_o rental_n and_o tack_n necessary_o require_v a_o ish_n therefore_o these_o feu-holdings_a partake_v both_o of_o infeftment_n as_o pass_v by_o seize_v to_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o of_o location_n as_o have_v a_o pension_n or_o rent_n for_o their_o reddendo_fw-la and_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n 35._o in_o what_o case_n feus_n be_v allow_v of_o ward-land_n have_v be_v now_o show_v in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v ordinary_o allow_v where_o they_o be_v not_o prohibit_v so_o we_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o void_a and_o that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o can_v be_v set_v feu_n by_o the_o king_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o their_o act_n of_o dissolution_n bear_v great_a see_v and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_a of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o ratification_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n in_o parliament_n without_o report_n from_o the_o article_n will_v not_o supply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n or_o validat_fw-la infeftment_n thereof_o even_o though_o the_o ratification_n bear_v a_o dissolution_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o mortoun_n right_o to_o the_o earldom_n of_o orkney_n be_v reduce_v february_n 25._o 1670._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o mortoun_n neither_o can_v the_o annex_v property_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o feu_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1597._o cap._n 234._o and_o all_o infeftment_n tack_n pension_n gift_n discharge_v grant_v before_o lawful_a dissolution_n in_o parliament_n or_o after_o dissolution_n yet_o contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n of_o the_o law_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o to_o by_o gone_n as_o in_o time_n come_v par._n 1597._o cap._n 236._o par._n 1455._o cap._n 41._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o extend_v to_o feus_n not_o only_o to_o be_v grant_v of_o land_n but_o to_o feus_n grant_v of_o the_o feu-ferm-duty_n which_o be_v a_o device_n invent_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 239._o 36._o second_o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a the_o feu-duty_n not_o be_v within_o the_o new_a retoured_a duty_n par_n 1584._o cap._n 6._o and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o rental_a be_v diminish_v or_o not_o before_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o comptroller_n and_o registrate_n in_o his_o register_n and_o the_o signature_n subscribe_v by_o he_o otherways_o they_o be_v null_a par._n 1592._o cap._n 127._o and_o such_o feus_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o comptroller_n by_o his_o subscription_n registrat_n in_o his_o register_n be_v again_o declare_v null_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 171._o the_o comptroller_n office_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n adjoin_v to_o and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n with_o the_o thesaurers_n office_n or_o commission_n of_o the_o thesaury_n what_o land_n and_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v thereanent_a consist_v main_o of_o forefaulted_a estate_n and_o kirklands_n after_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v most_o part_n mortify_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n therefore_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o grant_v cease_v by_o
what_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o clause_n cum_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la simple_o or_o of_o fish_v in_o salt_n water_n can_v import_n see_v there_o be_v common_a freedom_n of_o every_o nation_n to_o fish_n into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o brook_n or_o river_n for_o common_a fish_n and_o therefore_o needs_o no_o special_a concession_n from_o the_o king_n or_o other_o superior_a but_o the_o use_n thereof_o may_v be_v first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o title_n or_o foundation_n of_o prescription_n of_o salmond-fishing_a not_o only_o in_o freshwater_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o water-mouth_n where_o they_o be_v frequent_o take_v and_o also_o that_o in_o other_o fishing_n if_o a_o prescription_n run_v of_o interrupt_v and_o hinder_v other_o to_o fish_v whatsoever_o sort_n of_o fish_n it_o will_v constitute_v a_o property_n thereof_o which_o can_v not_o consist_v without_o this_o clause_n or_o the_o like_a as_o a_o title_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v comprehend_v as_o annex_v or_o connex_v of_o land_n or_o as_o a_o servitude_n be_v a_o distinct_a right_n have_v so_o little_a respect_n to_o land_n 70._o there_o be_v a_o special_a way_n of_o fish_v by_o cruive_n or_o zaire_n both_o in_o fresh_a water_n and_o salt_n all_o such_o cruive_n be_v absolute_o prohibit_v to_o be_v set_v within_o rivers_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o tide_n flow_v as_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o frey_n of_o all_o fish_n parliament_n 1424._o cap._n 11._o renew_v par._n 1477._o cap._n 73._o par._n 1581._o cap._n 111._o and_o as_o to_o other_o cruive_n in_o fresh_a water_n they_o be_v also_o prohibit_v by_o the_o say_v last_o statute_n except_o such_o as_o be_v infeft_v in_o cruive_n lynes_n or_o loup_n within_o fresh_a water_n who_o be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o their_o right_n keep_v saturdays_n slop_n and_o the_o due_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o heck_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o heck_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1477._o cap._n 73._o be_v express_v to_o be_v three_o inch_n conform_v to_o the_o statute_n make_v by_o king_n david_n but_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1489._o cap._n 15._o express_v the_o distance_n to_o be_v five_o inch_n conform_v to_o king_n david_n act_n and_o in_o both_o these_o statute_n beside_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_n saturday_n slop_n be_v appoint_v and_o likewise_o that_o the_o mid-stream_n by_o the_o space_n of_o five_o foot_n be_v always_o free_a and_o that_o no_o cruive_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o forbid_a time_n of_o year_n when_o salmond_n may_v not_o be_v take_v which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o assumption_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n unto_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n andrews_n in_o winter_n parliament_n 1424._o cap._n 35._o few_o debate_n have_v occur_v concern_v cruive_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a notice_n thereof_o by_o so_o many_o of_o our_o king_n one_o do_v late_o occur_v and_o be_v full_o debate_v in_o presentia_fw-la betwixt_o the_o heretor_n of_o the_o water_n of_o don_n and_o the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n which_o be_v main_o decide_v on_o january_n 26._o 1665._o the_o case_n be_v thus_o the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n have_v change_v a_o cruive-dyke_n to_o another_o place_n within_o their_o own_o bound_n and_o build_v the_o same_o there_o again_o of_o new_a whereupon_o the_o heretor_n who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o salmond-fishing_a upon_o the_o water_n of_o don_n above_o these_o cruive_n raise_v a_o declarator_n against_o they_o wherein_z after_o large_a dispute_n concern_v saturdays_n slop_n and_o the_o mid-stream_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o heck_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cruive-dyke_n and_o whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v build_v slope_v or_o perpendicular_a and_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v change_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heretor_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n may_v change_v the_o cruive-dyke_n keep_v it_o within_o their_o own_o bound_n and_o have_v no_o more_o dykes_n but_o one_o but_o find_v that_o see_v they_o have_v a_o cruive_n past_o memory_n without_o interruption_n which_o have_v determine_v the_o height_n and_o frame_n thereof_o they_o find_v that_o the_o new_a dyke_n behove_v to_o be_v build_v in_o all_o thing_n conform_v to_o the_o old_a and_o with_o no_o more_o detriment_n to_o the_o say_n heretor_n fish_v then_o be_v former_o before_o the_o water_n have_v pool_v at_o the_o old_a dike_n and_o so_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v how_o high_a a_o cruive-dyke_n may_v be_v or_o whether_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v slope_v or_o not_o where_o prescription_n have_v not_o determine_v which_o be_v very_o seldom_o it_o be_v also_o find_v that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o heck_n ought_v to_o be_v three_o inch_n conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o three_o par._n 1477._o cap._n 73._o and_o not_o five_o inch_n according_a to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o four_o par._n 1489._o cap._n 15._o which_o mention_n five_o inch_n which_o the_o lord_n find_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o the_o transcribe_v or_o print_v of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o respect_n that_o both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a act_n relate_v to_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n as_o the_o pattern_n thereof_o which_o mention_n but_o three_o inch_n and_o that_o heck_v of_o five_o inch_n wide_o will_v be_v of_o no_o use_n nor_o hold_v in_o any_o salmond_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o saturday_n slop_n behove_v to_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o one_o cruive_n but_o in_o all_o the_o cruive_n of_o the_o dyke_n and_o that_o by_o pull_v up_o the_o heck_n of_o each_o cruive_n by_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o ell_n to_o continue_v from_o saturday_n at_o six_o a_o clok_n till_o monday_n at_o sunrising_n and_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o mid-stream_n to_o be_v indeed_o distinct_a from_o saturday_n slop_n but_o they_o find_v that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o mid-stream_n to_o be_v in_o desuetude_n in_o all_o the_o cruive_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o repeat_v by_o the_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o six_o par._n 1584._o cap._n 111._o and_o therefore_o find_v the_o same_o not_o obligatory_a notwithstanding_o that_o in_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o there_o be_v a_o act_n ratify_v all_o the_o old_a statute_n concern_v cruive_n which_o be_v allege_v to_o revive_v that_o point_n of_o the_o mid-stream_n which_o the_o lord_n do_v not_o respect_n as_o a_o general_a law_n albeit_o the_o confirmation_n do_v run_v in_o these_o term_n because_o it_o past_o the_o parliament_n without_o notice_n as_o a_o ordinary_a confirmation_n at_o the_o impetration_n of_o their_o pursuer_n and_o do_v not_o pass_v the_o article_n and_o be_v not_o appoint_v to_o be_v print_v as_o a_o public_a law_n 71._o milns_n be_v not_o carry_v as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a because_o they_o be_v esteem_v as_o separata_fw-la tenementa_fw-la require_v a_o special_a seasine_n unless_o the_o land_n be_v in_o barronia_n for_o then_o infeftment_n in_o the_o land_n carry_v the_o milns_n thereon_o yet_o a_o miln_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o liferenters_n land_n after_o her_o infeftment_n bear_v cum_fw-la molendinis_fw-la be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o relict_n though_o milns_n be_v not_o in_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n nor_o be_v she_o in_o conjunct-fee_n of_o a_o barony_n but_o she_o be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o astricted_a multure_n of_o any_o land_n but_o her_o liferent_a land_n february_n 16._o 1666._o lady_n otter_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o otter_n 72._o the_o privilege_n of_o brew_v be_v design_v for_o public_a use_n for_o common_a hostlary_n the_o inspection_n whereof_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a magistrate_n of_o burgh_n sheriff_n baily_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o settle_v hostlary_n in_o convenient_a place_n and_o to_o visit_v their_o measure_n if_o they_o be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o ale_n par._n 1535._o cap._n 17._o and_o the_o say_n magistrate_n to_o burgh_n or_o landward_o be_v ordain_v to_o see_v reasonable_a price_n for_o meat_n and_o drink_n in_o hostlary_n with_o power_n to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o privilege_n if_o they_o transgress_v so_o that_o a_o barony_n carry_v that_o privilege_n though_o not_o express_v but_o infeftment_n of_o other_o tenement_n carry_v it_o not_o unless_o it_o be_v express_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o by_o progress_n that_o be_v that_o all_o the_o superior_n interveen_v betwixt_o and_o the_o king_n have_v that_o privilege_n july_n 25._o 1626._o stuart_n contra_fw-la brewer_n but_o in_o possessorio_fw-la the_o proprietar_n infeftment_n bear_v cum_fw-la brueriis_fw-la will_v be_v sufficient_a and_o presume_v the_o progress_n unless_o that_o privilege_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v wherein_o the_o
power_n 〈◊〉_d detain_v the_o whole_a fruit_n of_o the_o benefice_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n as_o be_v clear_a in_o the_o say_v last_o act_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 115._o three_o patron_n be_v tutor_n and_o guardian_n to_o their_o church_n without_o who_o consent_n the_o incumbent_n can_v set_v no_o tack_v long_o then_o for_o three_o year_n par._n 1594._o cap._n 200._o patron_n have_v also_o a_o indirect_a interest_n in_o their_o own_o benefice_n where_o the_o minister_n have_v a_o ordinary_a stipend_n settle_v to_o they_o by_o long_a custom_n or_o modification_n yet_o far_o within_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o benefice_n the_o patron_n use_v to_o present_v they_o to_o the_o benefice_n but_o withal_o take_v tack_v of_o they_o to_o confident_a person_n to_o their_o own_o behoof_n carry_v the_o superplus_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o benefice_n over_o and_o above_o the_o accustom_a stipend_n of_o their_o predecessor_n which_o have_v not_o be_v quarrel_v as_o a_o symoniacal_a paction_n or_o dilapidation_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o patron_n for_o resemblance_n of_o personal_a patronage_n ought_v to_o be_v aliment_v out_o of_o the_o benefice_n if_o they_o come_v to_o necessity_n according_a as_o their_o benefice_n may_v bear_v though_o there_o have_v occur_v no_o occasion_n to_o question_n or_o try_v this_o point_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n july_n 23._o 1644._o session_n 1._o c._n 20._o the_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o the_o vacant_a benefice_n or_o stipend_n be_v take_v from_o the_o patron_n and_o state_v in_o the_o presbytrie_n and_o paroch_n to_o be_v dispose_v upon_o for_o pious_a use_n and_o by_o act_n of_o par_fw-fr 1949._o c._n 39_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n be_v also_o take_v away_o yet_o thetitle_v 〈◊〉_d unsit_o design_n that_o act_n a_o abolution_n of_o patronage_n for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o there_o take_v away_o but_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a where_o the_o patron_n can_v have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o benefice_n of_o teind_n but_o indirect_o as_o aforesaid_a that_o declare_v the_o heritable_a right_n of_o the_o teind_n over_o and_o above_o the_o stipend_n to_o be_v in_o the_o patron_n but_o with_o necessity_n to_o dispone_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heretor_n for_o six_o year_n purchase_n but_o these_o act_n be_v now_o rescind_v and_o patron_n return_v to_o their_o ancient_a right_n but_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o fruit_n in_o the_o vacancy_n which_o be_v apply_v to_o pious_a use_n for_o seven_o year_n and_o thereafter_o during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n par_fw-fr 1661._o cap._n 52._o and_o the_o vacancy_n for_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o year_n 1672._o be_v apply_v to_o university_n par_fw-fr 1672._o cap._n 20._o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n be_v so_o ordinary_o patronat_fw-la that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o free_a but_o all_o be_v presume_v o_o be_v patronat_fw-la and_o where_o the_o right_a of_o patronage_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o other_o the_o pope_n be_v presume_v patron_n before_o the_o reformation_n and_o after_o the_o reformation_n the_o king_n be_v presume_v patron_n jure_fw-la corona_n where_o the_o right_a of_o another_o patron_n appear_v not_o there_o be_v other_o patronage_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n jure_fw-la privato_fw-la as_o when_o the_o king_n or_o his_o predecessor_n acquire_v any_o right_n of_o patronage_n from_o any_o private_a person_n or_o when_o the_o king_n or_o his_o predecessor_n found_v or_o dote_v the_o benefice_n or_o when_o any_o land_n or_o barony_n fall_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o superior_a by_o recognition_n or_o forefaulture_n all_o such_o have_v annex_v thereto_o or_o comprehend_v therein_o the_o advocation_n donation_n and_o right_n of_o patronage_n of_o any_o kirk_n the_o king_n do_v thereby_o become_v patron_n all_o those_o patronage_n be_v at_o the_o king_n dispose_n and_o transmissible_a to_o any_o subject_a by_o the_o king_n proper_a deed_n either_o annex_v or_o incorporate_n the_o same_o in_o barony_n or_o lordship_n or_o by_o distinct_a gift_n for_o the_o patronage_n do_v ordinary_o pass_v as_o annex_v to_o land_n charter_n of_o burgh_n barony_n or_o lordship_n yet_o they_o may_v pass_v without_o infeftment_n as_o jura_fw-la incorporalia_fw-la but_o there_o be_v other_o patronage_n which_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n either_o express_o or_o when_o barony_n lordship_n or_o benefice_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n if_o therein_o patronage_n of_o any_o benefice_n be_v comprehend_v they_o be_v annex_v though_o not_o express_v for_o barony_n or_o benefice_n be_v nomina_fw-la universitatis_fw-la be_v unite_v and_o erect_v and_o therefore_o the_o barony_n or_o benefice_n without_o express_v patronage_n do_v carry_v the_o same_o by_o resignation_n apprize_a adjudication_n recognition_n or-forefaulture_a as_o well_o as_o salmond_n fish_v or_o milns_n but_o these_o patronage_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o annex_v patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v dispose_v by_o the_o king_n without_o a_o public_a law_n or_o by_o a_o special_a act_n of_o dissolution_n for_o particular_a reason_n of_o public_a good_a anterior_a to_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o ratification_n in_o parliament_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n and_o be_v account_v but_o private_a right_n which_o will_v not_o establish_v the_o same_o though_o in_o the_o ratification_n there_o be_v a_o clause_n of_o dissolution_n which_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o be_v as_o a_o private_a right_n and_o not_o a_o public_a law_n the_o patronage_n of_o all_o bishopric_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n who_o design_n the_o person_n to_o be_v bishop_n and_o though_o the_o chapter_n may_v use_v the_o formality_n of_o election_n they_o do_v not_o refuse_v the_o king_n designation_n the_o order_n of_o this_o election_n be_v prescrive_v parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 1._o where_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n be_v ordain_v to_o choose_v the_o person_n who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o nominat_fw-la and_o recommend_v he_o always_o be_v a_o uctual_a minister_n of_o the_o kirk_n who_o be_v elect_v have_v sufficient_a right_n to_o the_o spirituality_n of_o his_o benefice_n but_o not_o to_o the_o temporality_n till_o he_o have_v a_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_v obedience_n to_o he_o but_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saint_n andrews_n be_v to_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o dunkel_n aberdene_n brichen_n dumblane_n ross_n murray_n orknay_n caithness_n the_o principal_a of_o saint_n leanard_n college_n the_o archdean_n of_o saint_n andrews_n the_o viccar_n of_o saint_n andrews_n leuchers_n and_o couper_n or_o most_o part_n of_o they_o parliament_z 1617._o cap._n 2._o and_o by_o the_o same_o act_n the_o archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n be_v to_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o galloway_n argile_n and_o isles_n and_o the_o ordinar_n chapter_n of_o glasgow_n or_o most_o of_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o galloway_n be_v conveener_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o now_o the_o bishop_n of_o edinburgh_n since_o that_o bishopric_n be_v erect_v be_v by_o the_o erection_n make_v a_o elector_n and_o conveener_n the_o king_n be_v also_o patron_n of_o many_o laic_a patronage_n and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o laic_a patronage_n belong_v to_o subject_n ecclesiastic_a patronage_n belong_v now_o only_o to_o the_o bishop_n to_o who_o some_o kirk_n be_v patrimonial_a or_o mensal_n the_o fruit_n whereof_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o bishop_n benefice_n and_o the_o several_a paroch_n kirk_n be_v not_o distinct_a benefice_n but_o part_n beneficii_fw-la but_o most_o be_v serve_v by_o the_o bishop_n himself_o or_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v a_o stipendiary_a and_o by_o the_o 19_o act_n parl._n 1633._o all_o minister_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v provide_v with_o sufficient_a stipend_n be_v eight_o chalder_n of_o victual_n or_o eight_o hundred_o mark_n at_o least_o except_o in_o singular_a case_n refer_v to_o the_o commissioner_n for_o plantation_n of_o kirk_n who_o be_v authorize_v as_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n to_o value_v teind_n modify_a stipend_n and_o grant_v locality_n for_o fix_v thereof_o upon_o particular_a land_n the_o bishop_n have_v the_o patronage_n of_o some_o kirk_n without_o their_o diocy_n and_o do_v present_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o diocie_n but_o if_o the_o bishop_n shall_v acquire_v any_o patronage_n of_o a_o kirk_n within_o his_o own_o diocie_n that_o kirk_n can_v be_v patronat_n but_o become_v free_a and_o be_v confer_v by_o the_o bishop_n pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o he_o can_v present_v to_o himself_o yet_o by_o the_o collation_n the_o person_n collate_v be_v not_o a_o stipendiar_n but_o be_v parson_n or_o vicar_n and_o have_v the_o full_a benefit_n of_o the_o fruit_n except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v restrict_v by_o tack_n set_v lawful_o by_o they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n the_o common_a kirk_n which_o be_v to_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o their_o
they_o be_v do_v before_o year_n and_o day_n expire_v be_v after_o the_o rebellion_n and_o so_o arrestment_n or_o assignation_n even_o though_o before_o rebellion_n have_v no_o effect_n after_o year_n and_o day_n be_v run_v because_o these_o be_v but_o personal_n and_o liferent-escheat_n a_o real_a right_o flow_v from_o the_o superiority_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v denude_v of_o the_o liferent_a therefore_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o personal_a right_n cease_v but_o all_o real_a right_n flow_v from_o the_o vassal_n before_o the_o rebellion_n as_o fews_n annualrent_n tack_n appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n whereupon_o there_o be_v a_o charge_n be_v effectual_a and_o not_o exclude_v by_o liferent-escheat_n though_o these_o be_v exclude_v by_o ward_n which_o be_v a_o casuality_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o fewdal_a right_n whereas_o liferent-escheat_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fies_z but_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n and_o therefore_o the_o fie_o fall_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o vassal_n with_o all_o the_o real_a burden_n he_o have_v fix_v upon_o it_o neither_o do_v posterior_n voluntary_a infeftment_n though_o for_o debt_n prior_n to_o the_o rebellion_n and_o grant_v before_o declarator_n exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n jannuary_n 18._o 1611._o samuel_n ord_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o craigkeith_n the_o like_a where_o the_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v after_o rebellion_n but_o within_o year_n and_o day_n january_n 23._o 1627._o james_n wallace_n contra_fw-la thomas_n porteous_n where_o there_o be_v a_o exception_n insinuat_fw-la unless_o there_o have_v be_v a_o prior_n obliegment_n before_o the_o rebellion_n to_o grant_v thelnfeftment_n as_o if_o in_o that_o case_n though_o in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o infeftment_n upon_o a_o voluntary_a disposition_n make_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la within_o the_o year_n and_o for_o a_o debt_n due_a before_o rebellion_n exclude_v not_o the_o liferent-escheat_n march_v 19_o 1628._o mr_n james_n rae_n contra_fw-la buckie_n hope_v horning_n laird_n of_o frendraught_n contra_fw-la meldrum_n gordon_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la gordon_n of_o haddo_n but_o infeftment_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la upon_o special_a obliegment_n to_o grant_v the_o same_o before_o denuneiation_n be_v valid_a vide_fw-la tit._n 14._o §_o 53._o as_o to_o legal_a diligence_n of_o creditor_n whither_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o be_v after_o rebellion_n will_v exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n be_v declare_v the_o last_o title_n in_o the_o second_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n the_o sum_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v thus_o far_a preferablé_fw-fr to_o voluntary_a disposition_n that_o be_v do_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la for_o a_o debt_n before_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la they_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a second_o single-escheats_a require_v general_a and_o special_a declarator_n liferent-escheats_a require_v but_o one_o declarator_n for_o all_o wherein_o the_o title_n be_v the_o horning_n the_o gift_n and_o the_o superior_n seasine_n without_o far_a instruct_v the_o superior_n right_o and_o without_o continuation_n july_n 2._o 1622._o carmichael_n contra_fw-la lermont_n march_v 6._o 1624._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la eastnesbit_n june_n 23._o 1625._o viscount_n of_o stormont_n contra_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o that_o superior_a by_o the_o defender_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o be_v presume_v unless_o the_o defender_n disclaim_v or_o that_o the_o superior_a be_v a_o singlar_a successor_n never_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n 27._o shipwreck_n and_o wath_n good_n or_o treasure_n in_o the_o ground_n who_o owner_n appear_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o caduciarie_n whereby_o the_o owner_n be_v presume_v to_o relinquish_v or_o loose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o a_o jure_fw-la sup_v cadunt_fw-la and_o the_o thing_n become_v nullius_fw-la and_o yet_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o first_o possessor_n as_o thing_n relinquish_v do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n or_o to_o other_o have_v right_o from_o he_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o these_o before_o in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o that_o by_o that_o just_a and_o noble_a statute_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o where_o ship_n break_v in_o this_o country_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v be_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n if_o they_o belong_v to_o such_o country_n as_o use_v the_o like_a law_n anent_o shipwreck_n in_o there_o own_o land_n otherways_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o favour_n as_o they_o keep_v to_o ship_n of_o this_o land_n break_v with_o they_o it_o be_v also_o declare_v among_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o second_o cap._n 25._o that_o if_o any_o live_a man_n or_o beast_n as_o dog_n cat_n etc._n etc._n come_v quick_a out_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v shipwreck_n but_o shall_v be_v preserve_v to_o the_o owner_n clame_v and_o instruct_v his_o right_n within_o year_n and_o day_n or_o otherways_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v it_o find_v where_o a_o ox_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o admiral_n decreet_a find_v the_o same_o escheatable_a as_o shipwreck_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la december_n 12._o 1622._o hamilton_n contra_fw-la cochran_n in_o which_o case_v nothing_o be_v alleige_v but_o this_o old_a statute_n the_o genuine_a meaning_n whereof_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v where_o any_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o wrack_n but_o the_o posterior_n act_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o repeat_v not_o that_o provision_n but_o regulat_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o do_v to_o they_o as_o they_o do_v to_o we_o without_o any_o other_o limitation_n and_o therefore_o where_o some_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n be_v break_v the_o same_o with_o the_o good_n disperse_v be_v confiscate_v if_o confiscation_n in_o the_o like_a case_n shall_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o ship_n belong_v january_n 20._o 1674._o jacobson_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o crawfoord_n 28._o forefaulture_n be_v the_o great_a confiscation_n comprehend_v all_o other_o penal_a confiscation_n it_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o take_v away_o of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n par._n 1424._o cap._n 3._o for_o it_o be_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o high_a crime_n to_o wit_n treason_n which_o at_o first_o and_o by_o its_o native_a signification_n it_o express_v crymes_n against_o the_o life_n of_o any_o party_n under_o trust_n so_o the_o slaughter_n of_o any_o person_n under_o trust_n credit_n or_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 51._o 29._o thence_o it_o be_v also_o call_v treachery_n and_o the_o committer_n thereof_o traitor_n and_o because_o of_o that_o trust_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o liege_n as_o their_o superior_a and_o sovereign_a the_o chief_a point_n of_o treason_n be_v against_o the_o king_n person_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n last_o cite_v these_o also_o who_o without_o cause_n wilful_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n commit_v treason_n par._n 1455._o cap._n 54._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n because_o of_o the_o trust_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o vassal_n such_o crime_n against_o the_o superior_a be_v also_o call_v treason_n and_o thereby_o the_o committer_n lose_v for_o ever_o all_o land_n and_o heritage_n he_o hold_v of_o that_o sùperiour_a quoniam_fw-la atachiamenta_fw-la cap._n 19_o but_o this_o treason_n infer_v not_o a_o simple_a forfeiture_n but_o only_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o recognition_n but_o as_o now_o the_o term_n be_v take_v treason_n and_o forefalture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n be_v adequat_fw-la and_o wherever_o the_o one_o be_v express_v in_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o other_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o strike_v or_o slay_v of_o any_o person_n within_o the_o parliament_n house_n during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n within_o the_o king_n inner-chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n be_v within_o his_o palace_n or_o within_o the_o inner-tolbooth_a the_o time_n of_o session_n sit_v or_o within_o the_o privy_a council-house_n the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n sit_v or_o in_o his_o majesty_n presence_n any_o where_o be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 173._o impugn_v the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n or_o procure_v any_o innovation_n or_o diminution_n of_o there_o power_n be_v prohibit_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 139._o and_o also_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o
the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n deduce_v from_o its_o original_n and_o collate_v with_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal-law_n and_o with_o the_o custom_n of_o neighbour_a nation_n the_o first_o part_n by_o sir_n james_n dalrymple_n of_o stair_n precedent_n of_o the_o session_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1681._o to_z the_o king_n may_v it_o please_v your_o majesty_n i_o do_v humble_o present_a to_o your_o majesty_n a_o summary_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n which_o can_v be_v no_o where_o so_o fit_o place_v as_o under_o the_o ray_n of_o your_o royal_a protection_n i_o be_o confident_a it_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o renoun_n of_o your_o majesty_n and_o your_o princely_a progenitor_n that_o you_o have_v govern_v this_o nation_n so_o long_o and_o so_o happy_o by_o such_o just_a and_o convenient_a law_n which_o be_v here_o offer_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o plain_a rational_a and_o natural_a method_n in_o which_o material_a justice_n the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o world_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n orderly_o deduce_v from_o self_n evident_a principle_n through_o all_o the_o several_a private_a right_n thence_o arise_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o expedient_n of_o the_o most_o polite_a nation_n for_o ascertain_v and_o expede_v the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n be_v apply_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n especial_o these_o which_o have_v be_v invent_v or_o follow_v by_o this_o nation_n so_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v here_o offer_v be_v common_a to_o most_o civil_a nation_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v displease_v to_o the_o judicious_a and_o sober_a any_o where_o who_o dote_v not_o so_o much_o upon_o their_o own_o custom_n as_o to_o think_v that_o none_o else_o be_v worthy_a of_o their_o notice_n there_o be_v not_o much_o here_o assert_v upon_o mere_a authority_n or_o impose_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o quia_fw-la majoribus_fw-la placuerunt_fw-la but_o the_o rational_a motive_n inductive_a of_o the_o several_a law_n and_o custom_n be_v therewith_o hold_v forth_o and_o though_o the_o application_n of_o those_o common_a rule_n to_o the_o variety_n of_o case_n determine_v by_o our_o statute_n our_o ancient_a custom_n and_o the_o more_o recent_a decision_n of_o our_o supreme_a court_n be_v peculiar_a to_o we_o yet_o even_o the_o quadrancy_n of_o these_o to_o the_o common_a dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o justice_n may_v make_v they_o the_o less_o displease_v and_o that_o no_o nation_n have_v so_o few_o word_n of_o art_n but_o that_o almost_o all_o our_o term_n be_v near_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a acceptation_n yea_o the_o historical_a part_n relate_v the_o help_n and_o expedient_n for_o clear_v and_o secure_v the_o right_n of_o man_n out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o moral_a and_o judicial_a law_n contain_v therein_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal_n law_n and_o many_o custom_n of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n digest_v as_o they_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o justice_n may_v probable_o be_v acceptable_a to_o these_o who_o may_v and_o will_v allow_v time_n for_o their_o perusal_n a_o quaint_a and_o glide_a style_n much_o less_o the_o flourish_v of_o eloquence_n the_o ordinary_a condiment_n and_o varnish_n which_o qualify_v the_o pain_n of_o read_v can_v not_o just_o be_v expect_v in_o a_o treatise_n of_o law_n which_o of_o all_o subject_n do_v require_v the_o most_o plain_a and_o accurate_a expression_n to_o balance_v which_o the_o nausiate_a burden_n of_o citation_n be_v as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v leave_v out_o we_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o be_v among_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a kingdom_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o we_o know_v not_o who_o can_v claim_v preference_n in_o antiquity_n and_o integrity_n be_v of_o one_o blood_n and_o lineage_n without_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o people_n and_o have_v so_o continue_v above_o two_o thousand_o year_n during_o all_o which_o no_o foreign_a power_n be_v ever_o able_a to_o settle_v the_o dominion_n of_o a_o strange_a lord_n over_o we_o or_o to_o make_v we_o forsake_v our_o allegiance_n to_o your_o majesty_n royal_a ancestor_n our_o native_a and_o kind_o king_n whereas_o most_o of_o the_o other_o kingdom_n be_v compond_n of_o diverse_a nation_n and_o have_v be_v subjugate_v to_o prince_n of_o different_a and_o opposite_a family_n and_o ofttimes_o foreigner_n the_o great_a monarchy_n which_o do_v design_n universality_n be_v all_o break_a in_o piece_n and_o there_o be_v no_o family_n that_o can_v claim_v a_o just_a title_n to_o redintegrat_fw-la any_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o emperor_n nor_o king_n except_o yourself_o but_o know_v to_o what_o other_o family_n their_o predecessor_n do_v succeed_v and_o when_o and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v evident_a what_o a_o mixture_n have_v be_v in_o greece_n and_o italy_n in_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o england_n and_o elsewhere_o this_o nation_n have_v not_o be_v obscure_a and_o unknown_a to_o the_o world_n but_o the_o most_o famous_a nation_n have_v make_v use_n of_o our_o arm_n and_o have_v still_o in_o grateful_a remembrance_n retain_v trophy_n and_o monument_n of_o our_o courage_n and_o constancy_n there_o be_v few_o war_n in_o christendom_n wherein_o we_o have_v not_o have_v considerable_a body_n of_o soldier_n regimented_a and_o command_v by_o themselves_o and_o ofttimes_o general_a officer_n command_v they_o and_o whole_a army_n of_o stranger_n with_o great_a reputation_n and_o gallantry_n which_o do_v advance_v they_o above_o the_o native_n of_o these_o country_n where_o they_o serve_v neither_o have_v we_o want_v the_o fame_n of_o learning_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o in_o the_o most_o eminent_a profession_n divine_a or_o humane_a and_o as_o every_o where_o the_o most_o pregnant_a and_o active_a spirit_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n and_o practice_n of_o law_n so_o these_o that_o apply_v themselves_o to_o that_o profession_n among_o we_o have_v give_v great_a evidence_n of_o sharp_a and_o pierce_a spirit_n with_o much_o readiness_n of_o conception_n and_o dexterity_n of_o expression_n which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n both_o of_o the_o bench_n and_o bar_n whereby_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v attain_v to_o so_o great_a perfection_n that_o it_o may_v without_o arrogance_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o any_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n for_o we_o be_v happy_a in_o have_v so_o few_o and_o so_o clear_a statute_n our_o law_n be_v most_o part_n consuetudinary_a whereby_o what_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a be_v obliterat_fw-la and_o forget_v our_o form_n be_v plain_a and_o prompt_a whereby_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o judicious_a have_v with_o little_a pain_n much_o insight_n in_o our_o law_n and_o do_v with_o the_o more_o security_n enjoy_v their_o right_n and_o possession_n which_o by_o our_o public_a record_n be_v better_o know_v then_o any_o where_o by_o which_o we_o may_v with_o the_o great_a assurance_n trust_v our_o purchase_n see_v no_o land-right_a be_v effectual_a against_o purchaser_n by_o consent_n or_o by_o law_n but_o where_o the_o ultimate_a perfection_n thereof_o by_o seize_v or_o other_o evident_a be_v upon_o record_n in_o register_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o several_a right_n without_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o whereof_o there_o be_v authentic_a minute-book_n keep_v with_o the_o record_n in_o each_o shire_n and_o jurisdiction_n whereby_o with_o the_o least_o pain_n or_o expense_n all_o the_o right_n affect_v any_o land_n within_o the_o course_n of_o prescription_n can_v easy_o be_v find_v we_o be_v not_o involve_v in_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o many_o and_o large_a statute_n whereof_o the_o posterior_n do_v ordinary_o abrogate_v or_o derogate_v from_o the_o prio_fw-la that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a part_n of_o a_o life_n to_o be_v prompt_a in_o all_o these_o wind_n without_o which_o no_o man_n with_o sincerity_n and_o confidence_n can_v consult_v or_o plead_v much_o less_o can_v the_o subject_n by_o their_o own_o industry_n know_v where_o to_o rest_v but_o must_v give_v more_o implicit_a faith_n to_o their_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n than_o they_o need_v or_o aught_o to_o give_v to_o their_o divine_n and_o we_o do_v always_o prefer_v the_o sense_n to_o the_o subtlety_n of_o law_n and_o do_v seldom_o trip_v by_o niecity_n or_o formality_n the_o great_a fixation_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o law_n have_v be_v by_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a judicature_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n consist_v of_o fifteen_o ordinary_a senator_n in_o place_n of_o the_o king_n daily_a council_n which_o follow_v his_o residence_n and_o court_n and_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n
and_o unfavourable_a with_o the_o exception_n against_o it_o 41_o single_a value_n find_v due_a where_o the_o heir_n be_v marry_v before_o his_o predecessor_n die_v by_o precipitation_n 42_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o single_a value_n in_o heir_n male_a or_o female_a 43_o marriage_n be_v debitum_fw-la fundi_fw-la 44_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o elder_a superior_a 45_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n prefer_v the_o king_n to_o all_o other_o as_o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n 46_o marriage_n be_v due_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o appriser_n 47_o exception_n against_o the_o value_n of_o marriage_n 48_o the_o rise_n of_o liferent_a escheat_n 49_o it_o extend_v to_o all_o kind_n of_o liferent_n 50_o liferent_n of_o fee_n not_o have_v infeftment_n or_o not_o owe_v fidelity_n to_o a_o subject_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n 51_o liferent_a escheat_n of_o sub_n vassal_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v 52_o liferent-escheat_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o voluntary_a infeftment_n after_o denounciation_n not_o be_v for_o in_o plement_n of_o a_o special_a obligement_n to_o infeft_v before_o denounciation_n 53_o liferent-escheat_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprife_v for_o debt_n anterior_a to_o the_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la 54_o liferent-escheat_n extend_v not_o to_o burgage_n or_o mortification_n 55_o but_o extend_v to_o minister_n stipend_n 56_o liferent-escheat_n be_v make_v effectual_a by_o declarator_n title_n xv._n annualrent_a where_o of_o pension_n and_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n 1_o description_n of_o annualrent_a 2_o the_o rise_n of_o annualrent_a 3_o the_o manner_n of_o constitute_v annualrent_n 4_o the_o kind_n of_o hold_v of_o annualrent_n 5_o liferent-escheat_n of_o annualrenter_n 6_o kind_n of_o annualrent_n among_o the_o english_a 7_o the_o difference_n of_o feu-annual_n ground-annual_n and_o top-annual_n 8_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n 9_o the_o extent_n thereof_o 10_o who_o must_v be_v cite_v in_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n 11_o the_o effect_n of_o poind_v the_o ground_n as_o to_o ground_n right_n 12_o the_o order_n of_o poind_v movable_n by_o several_a annualrenter_n 13_o annualrent_n be_v effectual_a personal_o against_o intrometter_n 14_o annualrent_n be_v movable_a as_o to_o bygones_fw-la 15_o extinction_n of_o annualrent_n 16_o ecclesiastic_a pension_n affect_v the_o benefice_n 17_o pension_n by_o secular_a person_n how_o far_o effectual_a 18_o the_o king_n pension_n be_v not_o arrestable_a title_n xvi_o liferent_n where_o of_o conjunctfee_n terce_n and_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n 1_o servitude_n personal_a by_o the_o roman_a law_n 2_o servitude_n personal_a by_o our_o custom_n 3_o clause_n of_o conquest_n of_o liferent_a or_o fee_n of_o land_n acquire_v during_o marriage_n how_o far_o extend_v 4_o all_o liferent_n must_v be_v salva_fw-la rei_fw-la substantia_fw-la 5_o liferenter_n be_v burden_a with_o aliment_n of_o heir_n 6_o liferent_n without_o infeftment_n be_v not_o effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 7_o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n to_o liferent_n 8_o liferent_n be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o tack_n or_o other_o deed_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v posterior_n 9_o what_o term_n do_v belong_v to_o liferenter_n 10_o conjunctfee_n 11_o liferenter_n by_o conjunctfee_n have_v all_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n 12_o terce_n 13_o service_n of_o terce_n 14_o ken_n to_o terce_n 15_o the_o effect_n of_o terce_n 16_o the_o extent_n of_o terce_n 17_o exception_n against_o terce_n 18_o burden_n of_o terce_n 19_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n 20_o public_a burden_n title_n xvii_o servitude_n real_a 1_o requisit_n to_o constitute_v real_a servitude_n by_o consent_n 2_o how_o prescription_n constitute_v servitude_n 3_o how_o far_o servitude_n eat_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 4_o extinction_n of_o servitude_n 5_o kind_n of_o servitude_n 6_o servitude_n of_o support_n 7_o stillicide_n 8_o sink_n 9_o servitude_n of_o prospect_n or_o light_n 10_o way_n 11_o water_v 12_o watergang_n 13_o fevel_v 14_o pasturage_n 15_o thirlage_n 16_o several_a way_n of_o constitute_a thirlage_n 17_o several_a case_n in_o which_o thirlage_n be_v not_o constitute_v 18_o the_o effect_n and_o extent_n of_o thirlage_n 19_o the_o import_n of_o several_a clause_n of_o thirlage_n 20_o invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la or_o tholl_a fire_n and_o water_n 21_o sequels_fw-fr 22_o miln-service_n 23_o privilege_n of_o milns_n 24_o how_o thirlage_n become_v extinct_a 25_o in_o multure_n seed_n and_o horse_n corn_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v but_o no_o other_o expense_n of_o labour_v 26_o thirlage_n constitute_v by_o a_o vassal_n not_o effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 27_o deduction_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o miln_n break_v down_o of_o the_o dam_n or_o frost_n title_n xviii_o teind_n where_o of_o benefice_n stipend_n presentation_n collation_n institution_n tack_n annat_n and_o patronage_n 1_o teind_n affect_v all_o intrometter_n but_o not_o singular_a successor_n 2_o the_o rise_n of_o teind_n 3_o the_o first_o division_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 4_o whether_o teind_n be_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la 5_o kind_n of_o teind_n 6_o we_o have_v no_o personal_a teind_n and_o vicarage_n be_v local_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a place_n 7_o what_o land_n be_v teind-free_a 8_o teind_n may_v not_o be_v feve_v after_o the_o lateran_n council_n 9_o teind_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 10_o teind_n include_v 11_o surrender_n of_o teind_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_a for_o value_v and_o sell_v thereof_o 12_o commission_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n 13_o annuity_n of_o teind_n 14_o the_o rule_n for_o value_v teind_n 15_o benefice_n 16_o decime_fw-la debentur_fw-la parocho_fw-la 17_o consent_n of_o the_o chapter_n convent_n or_o prebend_n how_o far_o requisite_a 18_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a of_o benefice_n 19_o consent_n of_o patron_n 20_o tack_n by_o college_n 21_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o teind_n 22_o draw_v teind_n 23_o spuilzie_n of_o teind_n and_o inhibition_n 24_o rental_v teind_v bolls_n 25_o the_o interest_n of_o bishop_n in_o their_o benefice_n 26_o the_o interest_n of_o minister_n in_o benence_n 27_o kirk_n patrimonial_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 28_o presentation_n and_o collation_n 29_o the_o effect_n of_o possession_n as_o to_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n 30_o stipend_n allocat_fw-la and_o unallocat_fw-la 31_o teind_n change_v as_o the_o land_n be_v in_o grass_n corn_n or_o other_o crop_n 32_o teind_n be_v not_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la 33_o the_o legal_a term_n of_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n 34_o the_o annat_n 35_o patronage_n title_n xix_o tack_n where_o of_o rental_n tacit_a relocation_n and_o remove_v 1_o the_o nature_n of_o tack_n 2_o how_o tack_n become_v as_o real_a right_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 3_o who_o may_v grant_v tack_n 4_o how_o tack_n may_v be_v servant_n 5_o the_o tenor_n or_o tack_n 6_o the_o effect_n of_o obligement_n to_o set_v tack_n 7_o tack_n become_v real_a right_n by_o possession_n 8_o tack_n in_o wadset_n after_o redemption_n become_v valid_a 9_o the_o extent_n and_o effect_n of_o tack_n 10_o tacks-man_n in_o possession_n need_v not_o dispute_v the_o setter_n right_n dispute_v as_o heritable_a proprietar_n 11_o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n whereof_o the_o tack-duty_n be_v payable_a to_o creditor_n 12_o tack_n be_v good_a active_a title_n for_o maill_n and_o duty_n 13_o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n set_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n 14_o kind_n of_o tack_n 15_o rental_n 16_o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n or_o subtack_n of_o rental_n or_o other_o tack_n 17_o the_o effect_n of_o subtack_n as_o to_o tutor_n and_o donatar_n 18_o the_o effect_n of_o rental_n in_o court_n book_n or_o rental_a book_n only_o 19_o the_o endurance_n of_o rental_n 20_o the_o effect_n of_o grassum_n 21_o how_o far_o rental_n become_v void_a by_o alienation_n assignation_n or_o subtack_n 22_o defect_n of_o subtacks_n 23_o tacit_fw-la relocation_n 24_o how_o tack_n fall_v in_o escheat_n 25_o tack_n sleep_v during_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n of_o the_o setter_n and_o be_v valid_a against_o his_o liferent-escheat_n 26_o tack_n be_v 〈◊〉_d juris_fw-la and_o extend_v not_o to_o heir_n or_o voluntary_a assignys_n or_o subtack_n or_o remove_v but_o when_o express_v except_o tack_n for_o liferent_a or_o equivalent_a 27_o tack_n without_o ish_n be_v null_a 28_o how_o far_o tack_n to_o endure_v till_o a_o sum_n be_v pay_v be_v valid_a 29_o tack_n be_v null_a without_o a_o tack-duty_n 30_o tack_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o express_v the_o entry_n 31_o tenant_n must_v labour_v and_o not_o waste_v or_o open_v the_o ground_n for_o any_o mineral_n 32_o tack_n become_v void_a by_o two_o year_n not_o payment_n of_o the_o tack-duty_n 33_o or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n to_o pay_v the_o tack-duty_n by-gone_a and_o in_o time_n to_o come_v 34_o or_o by_o the_o tenant_n renounciation_n 35_o by_o contrary_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n 36_o by_o
deed_n contrary_a to_o the_o tack_v 37_o or_o by_o remove_v 38_o summary_n remove_v without_o warning_n in_o what_o case_n 39_o the_o old_a way_n of_o remove_v tenant_n 40_o warn_v of_o tenant_n to_o remove_v 41_o the_o active_a title_n in_o remove_n 42_o exception_n against_o remove_n not_o instant_o verify_v be_v not_o receiveable_a till_o cautiou_n be_v find_v for_o the_o violent_a profit_n 43_o defence_n against_o remove_v and_o reply_v thereto_o 44_o violent_a profit_n 45_o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n of_o tenant_n remove_v title_n xx._n wadsetts_n where_o of_o reversion_n regress_n and_o redemption_n 1_o infeftment_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o sum_n principal_a and_o annual_a or_o for_o relief_n be_v proper_a feudal_a impignoration_n consist_v with_o the_o disponer_n property_n 2_o the_o nature_n of_o wadset_n 3_o the_o nature_n of_o reversion_n 4_o kind_n of_o reversion_n 5_o 〈◊〉_d requisite_a in_o reversion_n 6_o the_o effect_n of_o clause_n irritant_fw-la in_o reversion_n 7_o reversion_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 8_o kind_n of_o wadset_n 9_o proper_a wadset_n 10_o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n after_o redemption_n contain_v in_o reversion_n 11_o improper_a wadset_n 12_o regress_n 13_o discharge_v of_o reversion_n 14_o wadset_n become_v legal_o extinct_a by_o declarator_n of_o explring_n thereof_o or_o by_o the_o order_n and_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 15_o the_o order_n of_o redemption_n of_o apprising_n or_o adjudication_n 16_o the_o order_n of_o redemption_n by_o conventional_a reversion_n 17_o premonition_n 18_o gonsignation_n 19_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 20_o the_o effect_n of_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 21_o defence_n against_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 22_o requisition_n 23_o how_o far_o other_o right_n may_v be_v reserve_v in_o redemption_n or_o renounciation_n title_n xxi_o extinction_n of_o infeftment_n where_o of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la recognition_n disclamation_n purpresture_n and_o other_o feudal_n delinquence_n 1_o the_o form_n of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 2_o they_o may_v be_v by_o procurator_n or_o propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la 3_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n prove_v not_o without_o a_o warrant_n in_o writ_n 4_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la be_v valid_a without_o registration_n till_o the_o year_n 1669._o 5_o resignation_n imply_v all_o burden_n by_o the_o vassal_n affect_v the_o fee_n 6_o resignation_n by_o he_o who_o have_v no_o right_a with_o consent_n of_o he_o who_o have_v right_o how_o far_o effectual_a 7_o how_o far_o superior_n may_v not_o reject_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 8_o how_o infeftment_n become_v extinct_a by_o succession_n as_o heir_n or_o singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la 9_o the_o original_n of_o extinction_n of_o fee_n not_o by_o the_o vassal_n consent_n but_o by_o his_o deed._n 10_o recognition_n by_o alienation_n of_o the_o ward_n fee_n 11_o recognition_n by_o infeftment_n a_o se._n 12_o whether_o recognition_n can_v be_v incur_v by_o deed_n in_o minority_n or_o on_o deathbed_n 13_o whether_o recognition_n can_v be_v incur_v by_o subfeudation_a 14_o how_o far_o feus_n exceed_v the_o half_n of_o the_o full_a rent_n may_v subsist_v without_o recognition_n 15_o in_o what_o case_n other_o feus_n of_o ward_n land_n infer_v not_o recognition_n 16_o recognition_n by_o alienation_n be_v only_o of_o land_n clear_o ward_n simple_a or_o tax_v 17_o recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v unless_o the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la 18_o recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v by_o alienation_n to_o the_o vassal_n apparent_a heir_n 19_o whether_o recognition_n be_v incur_v by_o alienation_n on_o condition_n that_o the_o superior_a consent_n 20_o inhibition_n exclude_v not_o recognition_n 21_o recognition_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o vassal_n drunkenness_n when_o he_o alienat_fw-la 22_o how_o the_o superior_n consent_n may_v be_v adhibit_v to_o alienation_n to_o shun_v recognition_n 23_o how_o far_o the_o king_n confirmation_n without_o a_o novodamus_fw-la take_v off_o recognition_n 24_o how_o recognition_n be_v take_v off_o by_o homologation_n 25_o recognition_n exclude_v all_o infeftment_n tack_n or_o servitude_n by_o the_o vassal's_n deed_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_v or_o authority_n of_o law_n 26_o servitude_n by_o prescription_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o recognition_n 27_o in_o recognition_n who_o must_v be_v cite_v and_o who_o may_v compear_v 28_o the_o title_n and_o order_n in_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n 29_o disclamation_n how_o incur_v 30_o purpresture_n how_o incur_v 31_o feudal_n delinquence_n adduce_v by_o the_o feudist_n for_o resolve_v fe_n 32_o atrocious_a deed_n against_o vassal_n fidelity_n to_o their_o superior_n resolve_v their_o fe_n 33_o how_o far_o the_o ignorance_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o vassal_n excuse_n with_o other_o exception_n for_o the_o vassal_n 34_o whether_o the_o delinquence_n of_o the_o subvassal_n infer_v recognition_n title_n xxii_o prescription_n 1_o prescription_n distinguish_v and_o describe_v 2_o usucapion_n 3_o the_o several_a time_n require_v to_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n by_o the_o roman_a law_n 4_o requisit_n to_o prescription_n 5_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la requisite_a to_o prescription_n 6_o whether_o he_o who_o doubt_v of_o his_o author_n be_v right_o be_v in_o bona_fw-la or_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la 7_o evidence_n of_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la 8_o the_o title_n requisite_a to_o prescription_n 9_o the_o motive_n inductive_a of_o prescription_n 10_o exception_n where_o prescription_n take_v no_o place_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 11_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o prescription_n with_o we_o 12_o the_o beginning_n of_o prescription_n of_o personal_a right_n with_o the_o extension_n thereof_o 13_o prescription_n of_o movable_n 14_o prescription_n be_v reckon_v the_o momento_n in_o momentum_fw-la per_fw-la tempus_fw-la continuum_fw-la 15_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 16_o prescription_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o right_n of_o superiority_n 17_o prescription_n run_v not_o for_o tenant_n against_o their_o master_n 18_o prescription_n run_v not_o against_o minor_n but_o there_o be_v no_o exception_n of_o mortification_n to_o pious_a use_n 19_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n bona_fw-la fides_fw-la be_v not_o require_v 20_o the_o title_n requisite_a in_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 21_o this_o long_a prescription_n secure_v wadset_n infeftment_n for_o security_n teind_n and_o long_a tack_n 22_o how_o far_o teind_n can_v prescribe_v 23_o this_o prescription_n extend_v to_o patronage_n and_o office_n 24_o and_o to_o thirlage_n and_o all_o servitude_n 25_o this_o prescription_n exclude_v all_o action_n and_o ground_n of_o reduction_n and_o declarator_n if_o the_o essential_o of_o the_o title_n appear_v 26_o the_o several_a way_n of_o interruption_n of_o prescription_n 27_o the_o way_n of_o interruption_n by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o to_o special_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o letter_n of_o publication_n 28_o the_o annual_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o apparent_a heir_n intra_fw-la annum_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 29_o the_o biennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o preference_n of_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n to_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o heir_n 30_o triennial_n prescription_n of_o spuilzie_n ejection_n intrusion_n and_o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n merchant_n count_n house-maills_a and_o remove_n 31_o quadrennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o reduce_v deed_n of_o minor_n intra_fw-la quadrennium_fw-la utile_fw-la 32_o quinquennial_a prescription_n of_o arrestment_n minister_n stipend_n multure_n rent_n of_o tenant_n remove_v and_o legal_a reversion_n of_o special_a adjudication_n 33_o septennial_a prescription_n of_o old_a apprising_n and_o summons_n for_o interruption_n 34_o decennial_a prescription_n of_o late_a apprising_n or_o general_a adjudication_n 35_o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n of_o holograph_n bond_n missive_n and_o subscription_n in_o compt-book_n without_o witness_n 36_o no_o prescription_n run_v in_o minority_n except_o remove_n house-maills_a and_o merchant_n compts_n part_n ii_o title_n xxiii_o assignation_n where_o of_o arrestment_n and_o action_n for_o make_v forthcoming_a 1_o the_o several_a conveyance_n of_o right_n 2_o what_o right_n be_v not_o transmissible_a 3_o the_o rise_n of_o assignation_n 4_o the_o tenor_n of_o assignation_n 5_o the_o conveyance_n of_o blank_a bond_n etc._n etc._n 6_o the_o rise_z and_o effect_n of_o intimation_n 7_o the_o several_a way_n of_o intimation_n 8_o what_o assignation_n be_v perfect_v by_o possession_n without_o other_o intimation_n 9_o other_o supply_n of_o intimation_n 10_o intimation_n to_o more_o correi_fw-la debendi_fw-la 11_o intimation_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o right_n registrat_n for_o publication_n as_o reversion_n etc._n etc._n 12_o nor_o to_o order_n of_o merchant_n 13_o nor_o to_o judicial_a assignation_n by_o apprising_n etc._n etc._n 14_o nor_o to_o the_o legal_a assignation_n jure_fw-la mariti_fw-la by_o marriage_n 15_o nor_o against_o the_o cedent_n heir_n or_o executor_n even_o though_o creditor_n 16_o to_o what_o right_n assignation_n extend_v 17_o assignation_n carry_v inhibition_n follow_v on_o the_o
man_n yet_o equity_n and_o the_o natural_a law_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v allow_v declare_v and_o make_v effectual_a by_o man_n be_v in_o so_o far_o account_v among_o the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v either_o common_a to_o many_o nation_n or_o proper_a to_o one_o nation_n or_o peculiar_a to_o some_o place_n or_o incorporation_n in_o the_o same_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n in_o the_o roman_a republic_n and_o such_o be_v still_o in_o most_o nation_n not_o only_o in_o matter_n of_o lesser_a moment_n but_o in_o the_o high_a matter_n of_o private_a right_n as_o in_o succession_n which_o be_v diversify_v in_o many_o province_n in_o france_n germany_n and_o the_o netherlands_o and_o england_n as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o the_o gavil_n kind_n of_o kent_n the_o law_n common_a to_o many_o nation_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o custom_n own_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o the_o most_o civil_a nation_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o equity_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n though_o in_o part_n also_o there_o be_v positive_a law_n introduce_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o nation_n and_o which_o do_v no_o less_o oblige_v these_o nation_n as_o import_v their_o obligatory_a consent_n then_o do_v the_o custom_n of_o particular_a nation_n and_o incorporation_n such_o be_v the_o law_n of_o captivity_n and_o bondage_n of_o these_o take_v in_o war_n the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n though_o more_o guilty_a of_o the_o common_a quarrel_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o who_o they_o be_v send_v yet_o for_o common_a utility_n sake_n while_o they_o act_v in_o and_o conform_v to_o that_o capacity_n they_o be_v safe_a otherways_o there_o can_v be_v no_o commerce_n orderly_a indiction_n of_o war_n or_o pacification_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v this_o law_n do_v send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o their_o border_n and_o there_o do_v require_v reparation_n and_o denunce_v war_n because_o they_o can_v safe_o go_v no_o further_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n though_o slavery_n be_v against_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o liberty_n yet_o it_o be_v receive_v for_o conveniency_n by_o the_o nation_n be_v more_o willing_a to_o lose_v liberty_n than_o life_n such_o also_o be_v the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n or_o the_o mutual_a trust_n betwixt_o the_o host_n and_o the_o guest_n who_o he_o have_v willing_o receive_v in_o his_o house_n whereby_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v act_v any_o thing_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o life_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o other_o while_o in_o that_o relation_n though_o otherwise_o they_o have_v just_a reason_n and_o may_v do_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o do_v of_o it_o then_o be_v a_o violate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o equity_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n which_o stand_v as_o the_o common_a rule_n among_o man_n appoint_v of_o god_n by_o which_o they_o may_v know_v and_o crave_v each_o from_o other_o their_o right_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n may_v vindicate_v the_o same_o by_o force_n wherein_o they_o be_v still_o regulate_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n keep_v a_o just_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o wrong_n and_o reparation_n though_o take_v by_o force_n and_o not_o like_o draco_n who_o make_v the_o punishment_n of_o all_o his_o law_n death_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n so_o by_o make_v the_o issue_n of_o every_o quarrel_n to_o be_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o debel_v and_o the_o swallow_v up_o of_o all_o their_o right_n as_o if_o they_o have_v pactioned_a to_o put_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o issue_n of_o that_o war_n whereas_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o question_n by_o either_o party_n but_o the_o strive_n for_o reparation_n of_o that_o injury_n which_o the_o one_o ow_v and_o the_o other_o deny_v to_o acknowledge_v as_o a_o injury_n or_o refuse_v reparation_n thereof_o this_o law_n be_v chief_o understand_v when_o the_o common_a law_n be_v name_v among_o we_o though_o the_o english_a so_o name_v the_o common_a current_n of_o their_o civil_a law_n as_o opposite_a to_o statute_n and_o their_o late_a custom_n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o take_v with_o we_o and_o ofttimes_o by_o the_o common_a law_n we_o understand_v the_o roman_a law_n which_o in_o some_o sort_n be_v common_a to_o many_o nation_n 11._o the_o law_n of_o each_o society_n of_o people_n under_o the_o same_o sovereign_a authority_n be_v call_v the_o civil_a law_n or_o the_o law_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n though_o that_o now_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n or_o 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o most_o excellent_a and_o because_o of_o that_o assinity_n that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n have_v with_o it_o as_o have_v also_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o chief_a nation_n to_o which_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o the_o roman_n do_v propagat_v it_o and_o its_o own_o worth_n even_o after_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o have_v so_o commend_v it_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o acknowledge_v as_o a_o law_n bind_v for_o its_o authority_n yet_o as_o a_o rule_n follow_v for_o its_o equity_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o say_v something_o here_o of_o it_o the_o roman_n be_v first_o govern_v by_o king_n who_o give_v they_o law_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o papirius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o tarqvinius_n superbus_n be_v therefore_o call_v the_o papirian_a law_n tarqvinius_n and_o monarchy_n be_v throw_v out_o the_o papirian_a law_n collect_v in_o his_o time_n and_o name_n be_v partaker_n of_o his_o hatred_n and_o contempt_n of_o the_o people_n and_o there_o be_v no_o fix_v nor_o write_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n till_o they_o send_v the_o triumvir_n posthumus_fw-la maulius_n and_o sulpitius_n to_o the_o greek_a republic_n to_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o these_o commonwealth_n and_o thence_o to_o frame_v a_o model_n of_o government_n and_o law_n for_o the_o roman_a state_n which_o they_o do_v and_o make_v up_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o few_o word_n and_o marrowy_a sentence_n all_o write_a upon_o twelve_o table_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o most_o public_a mercat_n place_n at_o rome_n that_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o know_v and_o keep_v in_o mind_n by_o all_o the_o citizen_n these_o be_v so_o acceptable_a and_o satisfactory_a to_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o have_v be_v the_o foundation_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o that_o great_a body_n of_o law_n which_o afterward_o they_o have_v all_o which_o be_v order_v to_o that_o ancient_a law_n as_o extension_n and_o limitation_n of_o it_o which_o be_v do_v at_o first_o by_o part_n by_o the_o plebiscita_fw-la law_n enact_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o the_o senatus_n consulta_fw-la or_o by_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n or_o by_o the_o response_n of_o the_o jurisprudents_n who_o be_v authorize_v to_o give_v answer_n in_o dubious_a case_n as_o cornelius_n nasica_n fabauf_n cato_n gallus_z ariciusidius_fw-la manlius_n scevola_n crassus_n juventius_n ulpianus_n paulus_n julianus_n and_o other_o and_o when_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o emperor_n by_o their_o edict_n rescript_n and_o decree_n until_o the_o roman_a law_n increase_v unto_o so_o great_a a_o bulk_n that_o there_o be_v thousand_o of_o book_n of_o law_n in_o which_o the_o brevity_n and_o perspicuity_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n be_v then_o lose_v as_o now_o the_o body_n of_o they_o through_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n have_v perish_v but_o at_o last_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n do_v by_o the_o pain_n of_o seventeen_o select_a jurisconsult_v pick_v out_o the_o marrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o digest_v they_o into_o some_o method_n into_o the_o fifty_o book_n of_o the_o digest_v or_o pandect_n which_o therefore_o have_v the_o author_n of_o every_o law_n prefix_v to_o it_o he_o do_v also_o by_o tribonian_a and_o other_o collect_v the_o rescript_n decree_n and_o all_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o before_o be_v more_o imperfect_o compile_v in_o their_o theodosian_a codex_fw-la and_o which_o thereafter_o he_o perfeit_v and_o name_v the_o justinian_n codex_fw-la as_o posterior_n constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o nine_o collation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o novel_a constitution_n justinian_n do_v also_o cause_n frame_v the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o institutes_n as_o the_o sum_n and_o element_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n but_o as_o nothing_o humane_a be_v stable_n
eleided_a by_o restitution_n of_o the_o good_n within_o forty_o eight_o hour_n they_o be_v accept_v and_o keep_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nic._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la bon_fw-fr rapt_a sym._n contra_fw-la ambross_n but_o not_o eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n not_o be_v re_z integra_fw-la the_o spuilzy_v horse_n his_o back_n be_v break_v by_o the_o spuilzier_n nic._n ibid._n robert_n know_v contra_fw-la joseph_n lermont_n neither_o eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o four_o or_o five_o day_n before_o which_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a and_o here_o the_o spuilziers_n brother_n have_v take_v away_o the_o good_n short_o after_o restitution_n january_n 12._o 1610._o contra_fw-la forrester_n 24._o there_o be_v also_o a_o common_a exception_n against_o spuilzy_n upon_o prescription_n of_o three_o year_n they_o not_o be_v pursue_v within_o that_o space_n after_o the_o commit_v thereof_o and_o that_o by_o express_a statute_n par._n 1579._o cap._n 51._o but_o this_o prescription_n be_v only_o against_o the_o spuilzie_n as_o such_o so_o that_o it_o take_v away_o the_o privilege_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o violent_a profit_n &_o juramentum_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la yet_o may_v it_o thereafter_o be_v pursue_v as_o wrongous_n intromission_n for_o restitution_n only_o and_o if_o many_o be_v pursue_v they_o be_v not_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la but_o equal_o unless_o a_o great_a intromission_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v prove_v january_n 17._o 1668._o captain_n strachen_n contra_fw-la george_n morison_n which_o also_o be_v competent_a in_o many_o case_n where_o spuilzie_n be_v either_o not_o sustainable_a or_o eleidable_a in_o its_o atrocity_n as_o a_o spuilzie_n nam_fw-la levis_fw-la exceptioexcusat_fw-la a_o spolio_fw-la and_o yet_o action_n for_o restitution_n remain_v and_o sometime_o the_o spuilzie_n may_v be_v restrict_v thereto_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi please_fw-mi before_o 〈◊〉_d so_o to_o do_v or_o otherways_o he_o have_v therefore_o a_o several_a action_n as_o if_o spuilzie_n be_v pursue_v and_o a_o exception_n of_o lawful_a poynd_n admit_v to_o be_v prove_v the_o defender_n will_v be_v assoilzy_v from_o the_o spuilzie_n even_o though_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o the_o poind_v proceed_v be_v reduce_v for_o informality_n and_o yet_o he_o will_v have_v a_o several_a action_n for_o restitution_n which_o may_v be_v also_o decern_v in_o the_o action_n of_o spuilzie_n but_o spuilzie_n be_v not_o eleided_a by_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n their_o bring_v back_o the_o good_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o hypotheck_n ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la february_n 9_o 1676._o park_n contra_fw-la cockburn_n of_o roslin_n neither_o be_v the_o spuilzie_n of_o a_o horse_n eleided_a because_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o skaith_n and_o be_v offer_v back_o within_o forty_o eight_o hour_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o skaith_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v put_v in_o a_o poind-fold_n or_o safe_a place_n have_v water_n grass_n or_o fodder_n and_o that_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n the_o skaith_n have_v be_v estimate_n and_o the_o horse_n poynd_v therefore_o february_n 10._o 1676._o duncan_n contra_fw-la kid_n december_n 2._o 1679._o mr._n john_n beaton_n contra_fw-la home_n so_o spuilzie_n be_v not_o eleided_a upon_o allege_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v spuilzy_v or_o recept_n as_o much_o of_o the_o defender_n good_n by_o the_o act_n 112._o par._n 7._o &_o act_n 16._o par._n 10._o king_n james_n 6._o unless_a the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v be_v a_o break_a man_n and_o notorious_a thief_n of_o a_o clan_n who_o can_v not_o be_v reach_v by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n july_n 23._o 1678._o james_n baird_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n of_o fivie_a 25._o intrusion_n and_o ejection_n be_v delinquence_n in_o land_n and_o immovables_n as_o spuilzie_n be_v in_o movable_n and_o they_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o intrusion_n be_v the_o enter_z ing_z in_o possession_n be_v for_o the_o time_n void_a without_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n interress_v or_o order_n of_o law_n but_o ejection_n as_o its_o etymon_n intimat_n be_v not_o only_o the_o unwarrantable_a enter_v in_o land_n but_o the_o cast_v out_o violent_o of_o the_o then_o possessor_n in_o this_o there_o be_v violence_n in_o the_o other_o wrong_n but_o no_o violence_n in_o the_o entry_n though_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a detention_n and_o in_o either_o case_n the_o injure_v must_v be_v at_o least_o repute_n in_o possession_n but_o as_o the_o possession_n must_v begin_v by_o some_o bodily_a act_n it_o may_v be_v continue_v alone_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n willing_a or_o affect_v the_o possession_n which_o be_v conjecture_v or_o presume_v from_o circumstance_n for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o short_a time_n since_o the_o possessor_n do_v corporal_o possess_v and_o nothing_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v relinquish_v his_o possession_n or_o his_o affection_n thereto_o cease_v then_o he_o be_v still_o possessor_n and_o be_v so_o presume_v because_o of_o his_o interest_n but_o if_o his_o abstinence_n be_v total_a or_o long_o that_o he_o have_v retain_v nothing_o as_o key_n or_o keep_v of_o door_n close_o than_o the_o possession_n be_v hold_v as_o 〈◊〉_d and_o he_o who_o enter_v by_o a_o real_a or_o colourable_a title_n be_v no_o intruder_n and_o can_v be_v extrude_v but_o by_o warn_v and_o process_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o though_o intrusion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o void_a possession_n it_o be_v only_o mean_v as_o to_o corporal_a possession_n there_o be_v still_o a_o presume_a possession_n animo_fw-la on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o injure_a in_o other_o thing_n intrusion_n and_o ejection_n do_v in_o all_o thing_n agree_v ejection_n must_v be_v pursue_v within_o three_o year_n pa._n 1579._o cap._n 81._o which_o be_v extend_v to_o intrusion_n by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o eject_v and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v pursue_v within_o three_o year_n after_o commit_v thereof_o february_n 2._o 1610._o 〈◊〉_d of_o craighall_n contra_fw-la 26._o ejection_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o natural_a possessor_n possess_v by_o themselves_o their_o hind_n and_o cottar_n but_o not_o to_o a_o heretor_fw-la for_o ejection_n of_o his_o tenant_n unless_o the_o tenant_n concur_v november_n 26._o 1626._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la bruce_n hope_v ejection_n margaret_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la peter_n 〈◊〉_d hence_o it_o be_v that_o intrusion_n or_o ejection_n be_v not_o commit_v but_o by_o enter_v in_o natural_a possession_n or_o at_o least_o by_o out-putting_a or_o inputting_a of_o tenant_n for_o though_o possessor_n invert_v their_o master_n possession_n and_o pay_v their_o rent_n to_o another_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v against_o they_o intrusion_n or_o ejection_n but_o in_o both_o these_o case_n there_o be_v other_o remeid_n in_o law_n by_o remove_v or_o action_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n which_o be_v competent_a against_o intrometter_n though_o ejection_n and_o intrusion_n prescrive_v by_o this_o statute_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o as_o such_o for_o take_v away_o of_o its_o singular_a privilege_n viz._n the_o violent_a profit_n for_o though_o they_o be_v not_o pursue_v within_o three_o year_n yet_o they_o be_v competent_a be_v libel_v and_o restrict_v to_o restitution_n of_o possession_n and_o for_o the_o ordinary_a profit_n and_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v from_o remove_v which_o can_v be_v pursue_v but_o upon_o warn_v forty_o day_n precede_v whitsonday_n but_o these_o may_v be_v pursue_v at_o any_o time_n without_o warn_v march_v 16._o 1627._o walter_z hay_o contra_fw-la mark_v ker._n spot_n ejection_n james_n mowat_n contra_fw-la james_n davidson_n july_n 15._o 1626._o mcphedrick_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d yet_o where_o the_o pursuer_n title_n be_v only_o a_o assignation_n to_o a_o year_n tack_v though_o he_o restrict_v the_o ejection_n to_o the_o possession_n and_o the_o ordinary_a profit_n the_o same_o be_v not_o sustain_v in_o respect_n the_o year_n tack_v be_v long_o before_o expire_v and_o be_v only_o sustain_v for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n in_o not_o possess_v his_o year_n tack_v during_o the_o time_n and_o for_o the_o profit_n thereof_o during_o that_o year_n december_n 17._o 1631._o lord_n lowdoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o capringtoun_n ejection_n and_o intrusion_n be_v found_v especial_o upon_o possession_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi needs_o not_o dispute_v his_o right_n neither_o his_o enter_v in_o possession_n which_o though_o it_o be_v vicious_a yet_o if_o it_o be_v continue_v by_o a_o considerable_a space_n and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v then_o eject_v he_o will_v not_o be_v exclude_v by_o allege_v his_o entry_n be_v vicious_a as_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v in_o the_o vice_n of_o a_o tennent_n remove_v by_o the_o defender_n yea_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n eject_v the_o action_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o his_o appearand_a heir_n upon_o condition_n he_o infeft_v himself_o before_o extract_v nicol_n de_fw-fr haeredibus_fw-la blair_n contra_fw-la mathie_n as_o also_o ejection_n
by_o a_o liquidation_n of_o consent_n or_o by_o a_o decreet_a which_o be_v sustain_v though_o the_o decreet_a be_v after_o the_o charge_n december_n 23._o 1635._o keith_n contra_fw-la glenkindie_n yea_o a_o decreet_a of_o liquidation_n against_o a_o principal_a be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v compensation_n against_o the_o cautioner_n or_o his_o assignee_n though_o not_o call_v to_o the_o decreet_a it_o be_v without_o collusion_n june_n 24._o 1665._o irwing_fw-mi contra_fw-la strachen_n and_o compensation_n be_v sustain_v against_o a_o assignee_n upon_o a_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o cedent_fw-la though_o liquidat_n after_o the_o assignation_n in_o respect_n the_o assignation_n be_v gratuitous_a january_n 18._o 1676._o corbet_n contra_fw-la ramsay_n but_o the_o compensation_n ought_v not_o further_o to_o be_v draw_v back_o then_o the_o liquidation_n and_o so_o ferm_n be_v liquidat_n will_v stop_v the_o course_n of_o annualrent_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o liquidation_n but_o not_o from_o the_o time_n the_o ferm_n be_v due_a unless_o it_o be_v money_n rend_v but_o ferm_n or_o service_n only_o from_o the_o liquidation_n december_n 4._o 1675._o walstoun_n contra_fw-la robert_n cunninghame_n compensation_n be_v relevant_a not_o only_o upon_o a_o debt_n of_o the_o creditor_n own_o but_o if_o he_o be_v creditor_n by_o assignation_n the_o debt_n be_v compensible_a by_o a_o liquid_a debt_n due_a by_o the_o cedent_fw-la before_o he_o be_v denude_v by_o assignation_n and_o intimation_n because_o the_o compensation_n be_v effectual_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la from_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o two_o liquid_a debt_n inter_fw-la easdem_fw-la part_n february_n 14._o 1633._o keith_n contra_fw-la heriot_n march_n 16._o 1639._o coupland_n contra_fw-la forsyth_n compensation_n be_v also_o relevant_a upon_o a_o debt_n assign_v to_o the_o compenser_n by_o our_o common_a consuetude_n albeit_o the_o debtor_n pursue_v or_o charge_v do_v seek_v out_o and_o acquire_v a_o debt_n of_o the_o charger_n even_o after_o the_o charge_n which_o be_v a_o further_a benefit_n introduce_v by_o custom_n though_o it_o have_v this_o inconveniency_n that_o a_o creditor_n can_v hardly_o recover_v any_o debt_n if_o he_o be_v due_a debt_n to_o other_o himself_n but_o if_o a_o assignee_n charge_v for_o a_o debt_n the_o debtor_n will_v not_o have_v compensation_n upon_o a_o debt_n of_o the_o cedent_n assign_v to_o he_o after_o the_o intimation_n of_o the_o charger_n assignation_n for_o these_o two_o debt_n never_o concur_v inter_fw-la easdem_fw-la part_n for_o though_o the_o debtor_n may_v always_o compense_v the_o assignee_n upon_o the_o cedent_n debt_n before_o the_o assignation_n if_o it_o be_v original_o due_a to_o the_o debtor_n himself_o but_o after_o the_o cedent_fw-la be_v denude_v by_o intimation_n the_o debtor_n can_v acquire_v a_o debt_n of_o the_o cedent_n due_a to_o another_o therewith_o to_o exclude_v the_o assignee_n unless_o the_o debtor_n compenser_n be_v creditor_n to_o the_o cedent_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la or_o become_v creditor_n to_o he_o by_o a_o assignation_n to_o the_o creditor_n debt_n intimate_fw-la to_o he_o before_o he_o be_v denude_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o other_o assignee_n otherwise_o the_o debt_n do_v never_o concur_v betwixt_o the_o same_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n january_n 22._o 1663._o james_n wallace_n contra_fw-la edger_n july_n 4._o 1676._o john_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la alexander_n brownlie_n but_o heir_n and_o executor_n be_v account_v eadem_fw-la persona_fw-la cum_fw-la defuncto_fw-la and_o therefore_o compensation_n may_v be_v both_o upon_o and_o against_o their_o debt_n so_o compensation_n be_v admit_v against_o a_o heir_n or_o executor_n upon_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o defunct_a to_o the_o defender_n father_n who_o he_o represent_v spot_n hic_fw-la cassmire_n pyet_n contra_fw-la russetter_n and_o compensation_n be_v admit_v against_o a_o executor_n upon_o a_o legacy_n leave_v to_o the_o defender_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sentence_n thereupon_o spot_n executor_n williamson_n contra_fw-la tweedies_n it_o be_v also_o admit_v for_o a_o executor_n upon_o a_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o the_o defunct_a though_o the_o executor_n have_v not_o confirm_v that_o debt_n but_o he_o behove_v to_o cik_v the_o same_o december_n 7._o 1609._o aikman_n contra_fw-la lady_n brughtoun_n but_o compensation_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o a_o creditor_n of_o a_o defunct_a take_v assignation_n to_o one_o of_o the_o defunct_n debt_n after_o his_o death_n which_o be_v upon_o account_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o creditor_n who_o have_v access_n to_o the_o defunct_n estate_n according_a to_o their_o diligence_n and_o therefore_o the_o executor_n can_v prefer_v one_o to_o another_o much_o less_o can_v a_o debtor_n of_o the_o defunct_a by_o take_v assignation_n to_o the_o defunct_a debt_n prefer_v that_o creditor_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o defunct_a february_n 8._o 1662._o thomas_n crawford_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o murray_n february_n 14._o 1662._o child_n of_o mouswall_n contra_fw-la loury_n of_o maxwelstoun_n compensation_n be_v find_v competent_a against_o a_o donatar_n upon_o a_o debt_n of_o the_o rebel_n before_o the_o rebellion_n for_o which_o the_o compenser_n be_v cautioner_n though_o he_o pay_v after_o february_n 3._o 1635._o inn_n contra_fw-la lesly_n january_n 23._o 1669._o mr._n james_n drummond_n contra_fw-la stirling_n of_o airdoch_n compensation_n be_v competent_a against_o factor_n procurator_n or_o commissioner_n upon_o their_o constituent_n liquid_a debt_n but_o not_o upon_o their_o own_o debt_n for_o they_o be_v not_o creditor_n as_o to_o their_o constituent_n sum_n yea_o a_o factor_n be_v charge_v by_o his_o constituent_n for_o his_o intromission_n with_o his_o rent_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o compense_v the_o same_o with_o a_o debt_n due_a by_o his_o constituent_n whereunto_o the_o factor_n take_v assignation_n neither_o be_v the_o chamberlain_n account_v a_o debtor_n to_o his_o constituent_n as_o by_o a_o liquid_a debt_n but_o that_o his_o constituent_n rent_n be_v in_o the_o property_n of_o his_o master_n and_o in_o the_o factor_n custody_n as_o a_o servant_n november_n 9_o 1672._o pearson_n contra_fw-la sir_n robert_n murray_n alias_o crightoun_n compensation_n take_v no_o place_n in_o the_o province_n of_o france_n which_o acknowledge_v not_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o a_o 〈◊〉_d law_n without_o a_o privilege_n from_o the_o king_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o gregorius_n tholesanus_fw-la upon_o compensation_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v competent_a by_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o parl._n 1592._o cap._n 141._o whereby_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o any_o debt_n de_fw-fr liquido_fw-la in_o liquidum_fw-la verify_v by_o write_n or_o oath_n of_o party_n before_o give_v of_o decreet_a be_v admit_v by_o all_o judge_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o way_n of_o exception_n but_o not_o after_o the_o give_v thereof_o in_o the_o suspension_n or_o in_o the_o reduction_n of_o the_o same_o decreet_a so_o that_o if_o the_o charge_n or_o pursuit_n be_v instant_o verify_v by_o write_n the_o defender_n will_v not_o get_v a_o term_n to_o prove_v compensation_n but_o if_o a_o term_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o same_o will_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o instruct_v any_o debt_n wherewith_o he_o will_v compense_v by_o write_v or_o oath_n yea_o by_o witness_n if_o the_o probation_n be_v close_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o pursuer_n probation_n for_o the_o statute_n bear_v compensation_n to_o be_v in_o liquid_a debt_n instant_o verify_v before_o the_o decreet_a although_o it_o mention_v not_o probation_n by_o witness_n it_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o same_o but_o it_o exclude_v compensation_n after_o the_o decreet_a either_o by_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n which_o seem_v to_o import_v more_o than_o the_o rejection_n of_o compensation_n because_o it_o be_v competent_a and_o omit_v which_o have_v be_v always_o a_o common_a objection_n against_o any_o reason_n of_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n but_o that_o compensation_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v after_o decreet_a though_o the_o decreet_a be_v in_o absence_n unless_o it_o be_v reduce_v upon_o improbation_n of_o the_o execution_n or_o other_o nullity_n or_o by_o purge_v the_o contumacy_n in_o not_o compear_v and_o that_o take_a assignation_n to_o debt_n of_o the_o cedent_n after_o decreet_a shall_v not_o found_v a_o compensation_n as_o be_v against_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o though_o it_o seem_v a_o emergent_a reason_n which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a against_o competent_a and_o omit_v yet_o not_o against_o the_o speciality_n of_o this_o statute_n exclude_v all_o compensation_n after_o decreet_a but_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o decreet_n proceed_v upon_o citation_n and_o not_o decreet_n of_o registration_n which_o be_v summar_n and_o of_o consent_n by_o the_o clause_n of_o registration_n and_o therefore_o compensation_n be_v not_o sustain_v against_o a_o sheriff_n decreetsthough_o in_o absence_n july_n 25._o 1676._o william_n
liferent_a escheat_n the_o whole_a by_o forefaulture_n all_o right_n relate_v to_o infeftment_n by_o destination_n be_v heritable_a or_o movable_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o betwixt_o heir_n and_o executor_n but_o right_n have_v a_o tract_n of_o time_n but_o not_o for_o a_o liferent_a be_v movable_a and_o fall_v under_o single_a escheat_n yet_o the_o bygone_n of_o annualrent_fw-la by_o infeftment_n be_v still_o movable_a but_o as_o to_o both_o effect_n assignation_n to_o literent_fw-la tack_n be_v find_v movable_a and_o to_o fall_v under_o single_a escheat_n hope_n horning_n sir_n robert_n ker_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n ker._n clause_n also_o of_o relief_n in_o heritable_a bondsare_n movable_a and_o the_o jus_o marti_n of_o husband_n though_o they_o carry_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o wife_n heritable_a right_n or_o right_n of_o liferent_a fall_v under_o the_o husband_n single_a escheat_n 3._o to_o return_v now_o to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o real_a right_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o original_a community_n which_o all_o man_n have_v at_o first_o in_o the_o whole_a creature_n of_o this_o inferior_a world_n for_o as_o to_o that_o community_n which_o be_v competent_a to_o a_o nation_n incorporation_n society_n or_o more_o single_a person_n it_o be_v property_n indeed_o to_o these_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o man_n though_o among_o themselves_o it_o keep_v a_o proportion_n with_o the_o universal_a community_n first_o in_o that_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a right_n and_o interest_n presume_v to_o be_v in_o all_o these_o that_o have_v community_n unless_o the_o contrair_n appear_v second_o that_o this_o equality_n be_v not_o exact_a in_o the_o use_n but_o that_o which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a may_v free_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o community_n though_o some_o make_v use_v of_o more_o and_o other_o of_o less_o according_a to_o their_o need_n or_o satisfaction_n as_o when_o two_o person_n have_v a_o universal_a society_n of_o all_o their_o mean_n if_o the_o one_o be_v taller_z then_o the_o other_o he_o be_v not_o to_o go_v naked_a in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o exceed_v his_o fellow_n or_o if_o his_o appetit_fw-la be_v great_a he_o be_v not_o to_o pinch_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v more_o child_n he_o may_v entertain_v and_o provide_v they_o and_o thereby_o consume_v more_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n than_o the_o other_o so_o that_o in_o these_o universal_a society_n there_o be_v not_o a_o arithmetical_a equality_n but_o a_o geometrical_a proportion_n to_o the_o need_n and_o use_v of_o the_o party_n to_o be_v observe_v three_o such_o community_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o and_o division_n be_v make_v of_o that_o which_o be_v common_a thereby_o it_o will_v become_v proper_a to_o either_o party_n unless_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o paction_n hinder_v in_o which_o case_n division_n can_v be_v make_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o as_o be_v show_v before_o under_o the_o obediential_a obligation_n of_o restitution_n to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o division_n of_o that_o which_o be_v common_a be_v comprehend_v four_o even_o during_o the_o community_n that_o which_o any_o party_n take_v for_o his_o use_n be_v proper_a and_o may_v not_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o any_o other_o if_o he_o exceed_v not_o the_o end_n or_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o society_n by_o seek_v more_o than_o be_v proportional_a to_o his_o need_n and_o use_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o society_n all_o these_o agree_v to_o the_o original_a community_n of_o mankind_n and_o so_o they_o do_v continue_v in_o the_o first_o and_o golden_a age_n of_o the_o world_n when_o gold_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o regard_v but_o simplicity_n and_o sincerity_n be_v the_o gold_n of_o that_o age_n whereby_o every_o man_n content_v himself_o with_o the_o natural_a fruit_n and_o birth_n of_o the_o earth_n sea_n and_o river_n and_o it_o be_v like_a that_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o tree_n be_v satisfy_v to_o man_n at_o first_o before_o they_o come_v to_o hunt_v and_o kill_v of_o beast_n fish_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o river_n and_o haulking_n and_o kill_v of_o fowl_n 5._o then_o also_o man_n be_v content_v with_o cave_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o shade_n of_o tree_n for_o house_n and_o skin_n of_o beast_n for_o clothing_n in_o this_o community_n do_v many_o of_o the_o savage_a nation_n of_o america_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o these_o vast_a and_o unpeopled_a place_n of_o the_o world_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n man_n be_v multiply_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v necessity_n of_o division_n and_o appropriation_n which_o have_v so_o far_o prevail_v that_o now_o there_o remain_v nothing_o common_a which_o by_o its_o nature_n and_o man_n necessity_n can_v be_v appropriate_a whereby_o some_o thing_n in_o whole_a and_o some_o use_n of_o other_o remain_v yet_o common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o 6._o first_o the_o air_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o limit_n or_o bound_n and_o because_o all_o man_n every_o where_o must_v necessary_o breathe_v it_o second_o run_v water_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n because_o they_o can_v have_v no_o bound_n but_o water_n stand_v and_o capable_a of_o bound_n be_v proper_a three_o the_o vast_a ocean_n be_v common_a to_o all_o mankind_n as_o to_o navigation_n and_o fish_n which_o be_v the_o only_a use_n thereof_o because_o it_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o bound_n but_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v enclose_v in_o bay_n creek_n or_o otherways_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o bound_n or_o meeth_n as_o within_o the_o point_n of_o such_o land_n or_o within_o the_o view_n of_o such_o shore_n there_o it_o may_v become_v proper_a but_o with_o the_o reservation_n of_o passage_n for_o commerce_n as_o in_o the_o land_n four_o all_o the_o wild_a and_o free_a creature_n which_o be_v in_o the_o property_n of_o none_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n common_a to_o all_o as_o fish_n fowl_n bee_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o respect_n property_n have_v take_v hold_n of_o all_o that_o be_v appropriable_a these_o be_v say_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o none_o as_o be_v by_o common_a consent_n declare_v void_a by_o all_o that_o property_n thereof_o may_v be_v infer_v by_o occupation_n and_o possession_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n necessity_n or_o use_n as_o be_v in_o the_o ancient_a community_n but_o that_o simple_o whosoever_o possess_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o none_o do_v thereby_o acquire_v the_o property_n thereof_o such_o also_o be_v gem_n and_o precious_a stone_n on_o the_o shoar_n or_o thing_n relinquish_v by_o the_o proper_a owner_n except_o where_o there_o be_v a_o national_a community_n that_o people_n or_o their_o authority_n do_v possess_v in_o common_a not_o only_o some_o reserve_a right_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o the_o right_n of_o precious_a thing_n or_o thing_n relinquish_v or_o lose_v by_o shipwreck_n or_o otherways_o whereby_o the_o imaginary_a possession_n of_o have_v such_o within_o their_o territory_n be_v sufficient_a by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n to_o appropriate_v they_o and_o to_o exclude_v other_o nation_n or_o single_a person_n of_o that_o same_o nation_n from_o they_o so_o with_o we_o treasure_n hide_v in_o the_o earth_n who_o proper_a owner_n can_v be_v know_v be_v not_o he_o in_o who_o ground_n they_o be_v find_v nor_o the_o finder_n but_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o thing_n stray_v or_o waith_n who_o owner_n can_v appear_v be_v public_a and_o shipwreck_n which_o be_v only_o understand_v when_o all_o live_a thing_n in_o the_o ship_n have_v perish_v but_o where_o a_o ox_n escape_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n to_o land_n alive_a the_o good_n be_v not_o find_v escheatable_a as_o shipwreck_n november_n 22._o 1622._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la cochran_n but_o shipwreck_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o king_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o country_n as_o use_v not_o that_o law_n themselves_o but_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o favour_n here_o as_o they_o keep_v to_o ship_n of_o this_o land_n break_v with_o they_o par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o five_o of_o thing_n appropriate_a there_o remain_v still_o the_o common_a use_n of_o way_n and_o passage_n which_o be_v like_o a_o servitude_n on_o property_n for_o this_o be_v necessary_o require_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o understand_v as_o a_o use_n reserve_v both_o in_o their_o tacit_n consent_n to_o appropriation_n and_o in_o their_o custom_n so_o all_o nation_n have_v free_a passage_n by_o navigation_n through_o the_o ocean_n bays_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o have_v also_o the_o benefit_n of_o station_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o rivers_n and_o have_v the_o common_a use_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o cast_v anchor_n disload_v of_o good_n take_v in_o of_o ballast_n or_o
in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la whether_o to_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_v to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o adjudication_n or_o to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n first_o and_o then_o to_o admit_v the_o point_n find_v relevant_a to_o probation_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n witness_n be_v adduce_v for_o either_o party_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la the_o lord_n remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o admiral_n and_o ordain_v he_o to_o proceed_v to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n there_o be_v pregnant_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n instant_o verify_v june_n 12._o 1673._o and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n they_o do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o they_o do_v also_o ordain_v the_o admiral_n to_o proceed_v upon_o the_o evidence_n adduce_v to_o adjudge_v or_o assoilzie_n without_o allow_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_n and_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o proceed_v not_o according_o they_o will_v advocate_n the_o cause_n albeit_o the_o danish_a treaty_n bear_v that_o their_o ship_n shall_v not_o be_v meddle_v with_o or_o their_o good_n disload_v till_o they_o be_v adjudge_v in_o a_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o lord_n be_v the_o king_n great_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o his_o commissioner_n in_o england_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o second_o instance_n of_o pryze_n bring_v before_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n december_n 17._o 1673._o captain_n stuart_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o danish_a ship_n call_v the_o seal_n fish_n when_o question_n concern_v prize_n come_v before_o the_o lord_n they_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o defence_n of_o stranger_n as_o be_v competent_a and_o omit_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n though_o that_o be_v a_o rule_n by_o our_o custom_n but_o do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o so_o they_o decide_v july_n 23._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n which_o be_v the_o first_o case_n occur_v in_o that_o question_n and_o be_v always_o follow_v after_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o lord_n have_v always_o proceed_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n have_v be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o admiral_n commission_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n february_n 21._o 1668._o bartholomew_n parkman_n contra_fw-la captain_n allan_n the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o ally_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v always_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n as_o exception_n from_o that_o general_a rule_n and_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o people_n comprehend_v in_o these_o treaty_n in_o dubious_a case_n the_o lord_n have_v proceed_v by_o the_o king_n instruction_n ordinary_o adhibit_v to_o the_o admirality_n of_o all_o his_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v keep_v one_o uniform_a rule_n with_o stranger_n in_o which_o not_o only_a respect_n have_v be_v have_v unto_o justice_n but_o even_o favour_n towards_o ally_n and_o policy_n and_o prudence_n towards_o all_o newter_n that_o none_o of_o they_o may_v receive_v irritation_n by_o the_o extension_n of_o justice_n in_o savourable_a case_n 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n of_o justice_n for_o confiscate_v the_o ship_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v assist_v the_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o thereby_o become_v accessory_n to_o the_o war_n and_o by_o that_o delinquence_n do_v confiscate_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o load_n by_o which_o they_o have_v have_v accession_n for_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v very_o fit_o restrict_v the_o reparation_n of_o this_o delinquence_n so_o as_o not_o to_o state_n the_o party_n offender_n as_o enemy_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v all_o their_o good_n confiscable_a as_o enemy_n good_n but_o do_v limit_v the_o same_o to_o these_o ship_n in_o which_o the_o concourse_n be_v act_v ifthey_a be_v seize_v in_o that_o voyage_n in_o which_o they_o give_v assistance_n or_o in_o the_o immediate_a return_n engagement_n in_o war_n by_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v just_o hinder_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o other_o people_n upon_o who_o neither_o party_n have_v either_o obligation_n or_o jurisdiction_n but_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n require_v a_o equality_n and_o neutrality_n in_o all_o other_o party_n that_o they_o concur_v not_o in_o the_o war_n with_o either_o party_n forbear_v assistance_n in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v by_o furnish_v they_o man_n instrument_n of_o war_n material_n special_o requisite_a for_o the_o present_a war_n money_n furnish_v for_o public_a use_n and_o in_o some_o case_n victual_v as_o when_o carry_v to_o place_n besiege_v and_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v promiscuous_a use_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n when_o there_o be_v a_o special_a application_n there_o of_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o war_n as_o iron_n brass_n leid_n pitch_n tar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v therefore_o call_v counterband-goods_a or_o prohibit-goods_a and_o by_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n intimation_n be_v ordinary_o make_v to_o newter_n from_o what_o thing_n to_o abstain_v as_o from_o carry_v of_o counterband-goods_a towards_o enemy_n port_n or_o carry_v the_o good_n and_o ware_n of_o enemy_n whereby_o their_o trade_n be_v promote_v and_o they_o enable_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o by_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o neuter_n and_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o war_n neuter_n do_v instruct_v their_o vessel_n with_o pass_n and_o other_o document_n instruct_v that_o the_o bottom_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o their_o subject_n freeman_n and_o that_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n or_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n have_v no_o interest_n therein_o which_o pass_n be_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o master_n thereof_o and_o those_o who_o embark_v the_o load_n and_o where_o there_o be_v any_o treaty_n the_o formula_fw-la of_o such_o pass_n use_v to_o be_v express_v always_o include_v a_o oath_n and_o be_v give_v by_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o first_o then_o see_v the_o accession_n of_o neuter_n be_v a_o delinquence_n it_o can_v have_v no_o place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o public_a denunce_v war_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v know_v to_o the_o delinquent_n and_o therefore_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o neuter_n be_v not_o find_v prize_n because_o carry_v counterband-goods_a towards_o the_o enemy_n port_n unless_o the_o war_n have_v be_v nottour_o know_v at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o loose_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o loose_v and_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o declare_v of_o prize_n in_o neighbour_a place_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a july_n 22._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n the_o like_a be_v find_v of_o a_o ship_n of_o hamburg_n carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o danish_a port_n after_o act_n of_o hostility_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o dane_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v before_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o dane_n february_n 25._o 1668._o merchant_n of_o hamburg_n contra_fw-la captain_n dishingtoun_n if_o ship_n have_v in_o they_o counterband-goods_a they_o may_v be_v bring_v up_o if_o the_o port_n be_v not_o express_v upon_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o free_a port_n or_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o skipper_n and_o company_n which_o infer_v a_o full_a probation_n in_o case_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o unfree_a port_n and_o a_o presumptive_a probation_n in_o case_n the_o pass_n bear_v not_o a_o free_a port_n yet_o it_o admit_v a_o contrary_a probation_n for_o prove_v of_o the_o true_a port_n january_n 21._o 1673._o hendrick_n anderson_n master_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o dantzick_n contra_fw-la captain_n dowglas_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o the_o pass_v make_v the_o port_n uncertain_a and_o ambiguous_a bear_v london_z to_o be_v the_o port_n but_o a_o great_a fraught_n promise_v if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v up_o into_o holland_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v elide_v by_o a_o positive_a contrair_a probation_n february_n 19_o 1673._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o palmtree_n and_o patience_n contra_fw-la captain_n atchison_n among_o counterband_n pitch_n and_o tar_n be_v find_v comprehend_v july_n 9_o 1668._o captain_n allan_n contra_fw-la bartholomew_n parkman_n timber_n proper_a for_o ship_n as_o mast_n etc._n etc._n be_v unquestionable_o counterband_n but_o timber_n of_o promiscuous_a use_n be_v not_o counterband_n except_o in_o special_a case_n for_o the_o peculiar_a use_n of_o the_o war._n there_o be_v a_o particular_a article_n in_o the_o first_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o swede_n by_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o in_o regard_n the_o most_o of_o the_o material_n of_o the_o swedish_n trade_n be_v pitch_n tar_n 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n
the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n they_o return_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o bear_n and_o therefore_o benefice_n of_o laic_a patronage_n as_o have_v proceed_v from_o these_o patron_n be_v except_v by_o the_o say_a act_n and_o though_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n the_o act_n of_o annexation_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o land_n be_v rescind_v par._n 1606._o cap._n 6._o yet_o bishop_n be_v abolish_v par._n 1640._o cap._n 6._o their_o land_n be_v again_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n par._n 1649._o cap._n whereby_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n in_o temporal_a barony_n or_o lordship_n by_o which_o the_o king_n interpose_v any_o person_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o these_o who_o be_v former_o vassal_n of_o kirkman_n be_v prohibit_v and_o declare_v null_n this_o act_n be_v rescind_v in_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a 1661._o cap._n 15._o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v in_o ward_n or_o blensh_o except_o upon_o excambion_n for_o as_o good_a land_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 234._o 37._o feus_n of_o kirk_n land_n by_o prelate_n or_o other_o benefice_a person_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n with_o all_o requisite_a solemnity_n be_v esteem_v legal_a security_n without_o any_o particular_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n there_o be_v no_o statute_n nor_o constitution_n oblige_v the_o subject_n thereto_o and_o in_o case_n any_o confirmation_n have_v be_v requisite_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n under_o his_o proper_a seal_n and_o subscription_n be_v sufficient_a par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o yet_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n authority_n be_v interpose_v to_o all_o feus_n of_o kirk-land_n therefore_o all_o feus_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n before_o the_o 8._o of_o march_n 1558._o or_o be_v thereafter_o not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 7._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o march_n 1558._o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n begin_v to_o be_v public_o profess_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o benefice_a person_n become_v hopeless_a to_o preserve_v their_o right_n of_o their_o kirk_n land_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o dilapidat_fw-la the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o office_n as_o the_o office_n of_o forrestrie_n though_o it_o have_v land_n annex_v thereto_o and_o a_o threave_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o every_o husband_n land_n of_o the_o abbacy_n see_v the_o statute_n mention_v only_a feus_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v but_o like_o a_o thirlage_n 20._o of_o january_n 1666._o lord_n renton_n contra_fw-la fever_n of_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o the_o 7._o act_n par._n 1594._o that_o the_o old_a possessor_n be_v to_o have_v their_o confirmation_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o quadruple_a of_o their_o silver_n rend_v or_o the_o double_a of_o their_o ferm_n provide_v they_o seek_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o that_o act_n otherways_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o eight_o fold_n of_o the_o silver_n rend_v and_o the_o triple_a of_o the_o ferm_n and_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o grant_v confirmation_n to_o the_o old_a possessor_n upon_o these_o term_n and_o be_v so_o confirm_v the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v question_v upon_o aleadge_v dimunition_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o conversion_n in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o nullity_n invalidity_n or_o lesion_n or_o by_o any_o law_n canon_n or_o statute_n except_o improbation_n only_o and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o posterior_n feus_n shall_v not_o perjudge_v the_o anterior_a feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n and_o their_o convent_v with_o their_o common_a seal_n and_o subscription_n at_o any_o time_n be_v grant_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n predecessor_n under_o their_o privy_a seal_n though_o without_o far_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reformation_n most_o of_o the_o evident_n of_o kirk_n land_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a possessor_n be_v presume_v by_o their_o very_a possession_n to_o have_v right_o and_o for_o clear_v who_o be_v the_o ancient_a possessor_n and_o what_o be_v kirk_n land_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 16._o of_o december_n 1612._o that_o ten_o year_n possossion_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o thirty_o year_n possession_n thereafter_o but_o interruption_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o stand_v for_o a_o right_n of_o kirk-land_n the_o same_o be_v possess_v as_o such_o and_o feu_n duty_n be_v pay_v to_o kirkman_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o have_v right_o from_o they_o after_o the_o reformation_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v 5._o of_o july_n 1626._o laird_n of_o kerse_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alva_n though_o much_o strong_a probation_n of_o be_v part_n of_o a_o temporal_a barronie_n for_o long_a time_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o contrary_a hope_n earl_n of_o home_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o balcleugh_n spot_n kirkman_n mr._n john_n hamiltone_n minister_n at_o linton_n contra_fw-la john_n tweedie_n second_o feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n be_v null_a except_o they_o be_v expede_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n or_o convent_v par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o three_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o benefice_a person_n as_o of_o themselves_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a see_v the_o property_n thereof_o be_v mortify_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o the_o incumbent_n be_v but_o as_o liferenter_n administrator_n and_o tutor_n it_o be_v also_o express_o declare_v and_o statute_n that_o any_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o change_v of_o victual_n for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o disposition_n make_v the_o benefice_n in_o a_o worse_a estate_n then_o at_o the_o kirk-mens_n entry_n shall_v be_v null_a par._n 1585._o cap._n 11._o 38._o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o burgh_n by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o common_a land_n or_o other_o right_n of_o the_o incorporation_n and_o that_o for_o burgal_o service_n in_o watch_v and_o ward_n within_o their_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n these_o can_v have_v no_o casualty_n because_o incorporation_n die_v not_o and_o so_o their_o land_n can_v never_o fall_v in_o ward_n or_o in_o nonentrie_n these_o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o incorporation_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o burgal_n service_n watch_v and_o ward_n within_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o particular_a person_n infeft_v be_v the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v the_o king_n baily_n and_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o such_o infeftment_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o seasine_n of_o burgage_n land_n shall_v only_o be_v give_v by_o the_o bailzie_n and_o common_a clerk_n thereof_o otherways_o the_o famine_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o registration_n of_o seasin_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o seasin_n within_o burgh_n par._n 1567._o cap._n 27._o 39_o infeftment_n of_o mortisied_a land_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o other_o incorporation_n have_v no_o other_o reddendo_fw-la than_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o mortification_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o kirk-man_n or_o grant_v by_o other_o private_a man_n to_o the_o provost_n and_o prebendar_n of_o college_n kirk_n found_v for_o sing_v or_o to_o chaplain_n preceptor_n or_o alterage_n in_o which_o the_o patronage_n remain_v in_o the_o mortifier_n 40._o of_o all_o these_o mortification_n there_o remain_v nothing_o now_o except_o the_o benefice_n of_o bishop_n dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o the_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n of_o minister_n which_o be_v rather_o allodial_a than_o feudal_n have_v no_o hold_v reddendo_fw-la or_o renovatione_fw-la yet_o be_v esteem_v as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o mortification_n and_o therefore_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o incumbent_n by_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n manse_v and_o gleibs_n do_v belong_v to_o parson_n viccar_n and_o other_o kirk-man_n before_o the_o reformation_n after_o which_o they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o set_v the_o same_o feu_fw-fr or_o in_o long_o tack_v without_o the_o royal_a assent_n and_o the_o minister_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v the_o principal_a manse_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n or_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v find_v sufficient_a whither_o
all_o such_o fortalice_n than_o in_o other_o thing_n this_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a for_o that_o which_o infer_v treason_n be_v the_o hold_v out_o of_o the_o house_n and_o deny_v access_n to_o the_o king_n by_o arm_a force_n which_o will_v be_v treasonable_a in_o any_o house_n whether_o it_o have_v battlement_n or_o turret_n or_o not_o but_o can_v infer_v that_o all_o house_n with_o battlement_n or_o turret_n be_v build_v for_o public_a defence_n and_o do_v once_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n which_o recent_a custom_n do_v further_a clear_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o build_v house_n with_o turret_n or_o round_n upon_o the_o angles_n without_o warrant_n quarrel_n or_o suspicion_n these_o be_v rather_o for_o ornament_n then_o for_o strength_n 67._o forest_n be_v likewise_o inter_v regalia_z being_z places_z destinat_fw-la for_o deer_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o pleasure_n in_o hunt_v which_o can_v be_v extend_v general_o to_o wood_n but_o only_o to_o such_o where_o deer_n have_v be_v keep_v for_o certain_o wood_n be_v part_n fundi_fw-la privati_fw-la and_o be_v not_o inter_v regalia_z in_o any_o nation_n but_o forest_n for_o keep_v of_o deer_n remain_v inteir_n regalia_z although_o the_o wood_n shall_v fail_v and_o wherever_o deer_n be_v keep_v as_o proper_a and_o other_o debar_v from_o hunt_v there_o it_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v a_o forest_n proper_a to_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o land_n be_v in_o baronia_n may_v carry_v the_o privilege_n and_o office_n of_o forrestry_n which_o give_v the_o baron_n right_a to_o hunt_v kill_v and_o make_v use_n of_o the_o deer_n yet_o he_o will_v be_v but_o hold_v as_o keeper_n or_o forester_n which_o will_v not_o exclude_v the_o king_n to_o hunt_v and_o kill_v the_o deer_n for_o his_o own_o proper_a use_n for_o the_o property_n of_o the_o forest_n will_v never_o be_v understand_v if_o it_o be_v not_o very_o express_o grant_v forest_n have_v great_a privilege_n and_o peculiar_a custom_n for_o whereas_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o herd_n his_o cattle_n off_o other_o man_n ground_n or_o corn_n or_o to_o be_v answerable_a for_o the_o skaith_n they_o do_v long_o than_o in_o hayn_v time_n while_o the_o corn_n be_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o if_o any_o man_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o keep_v his_o neighbour_n good_n off_o his_o ground_n he_o may_v do_v it_o but_o he_o must_v herd_n his_o ground_n and_o may_v turn_v off_o his_o neighbour_n good_n without_o wrong_v they_o but_o can_v put_v they_o in_o pondfold_a yet_o if_o any_o man_n good_n be_v find_v in_o forest_n they_o become_v escheat_n and_o be_v confiscate_v two_o three_o to_o the_o king_n and_o one_o three_o to_o the_o forester_n and_o if_o any_o baron_n or_o landed-man_n have_v hain_v wood_n or_o forest_n of_o their_o own_o they_o may_v escheat_n all_o good_n that_o bee_n find_v therein_o to_o their_o own_o use_n par._n 1535._o cap._n 12._o where_o private_a forest_n of_o subject_n be_v only_o understand_v such_o as_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o sufficient_a dyke_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n bear_v hained_a wood_n or_o forest_n which_o can_v be_v hain_v without_o enclosure_n but_o the_o king_n forest_n be_v large_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o neither_o have_v be_v nor_o can_v be_v enclose_v and_o therefore_o all_o the_o neighbour_a heretor_n and_o possessor_n must_v either_o herd_n their_o good_n off_o these_o forest_n or_o loss_n they_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o a_o signature_n under_o his_o hand_n grantend_v a_o forrestry_n to_o the_o laird_n of_o fascally_a the_o exchequer_n before_o pass_v thereof_o desire_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o consider_v and_o report_v what_o by_o law_n be_v the_o privilege_n conveniency_n or_o inconveniency_n of_o forest_n and_o they_o have_v hear_v the_o obtainer_n of_o the_o forest_n and_o the_o neighbour_a heretor_n do_v declare_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o be_v as_o aforesaid_a june_n 21._o 1680._o whereupon_o the_o exchequer_n do_v represent_v to_o the_o king_n the_o inconveniency_n to_o grant_v new_a forest_n the_o comptroller_n have_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o king_n park_n and_o forest_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o comptroller_n or_o any_o have_v the_o king_n warand_n to_o intromet_n with_o all_o good_n in_o the_o king_n forest_n not_o put_v in_o by_o the_o comptroler_n or_o these_o have_a power_n from_o he_o and_o to_o apply_v the_o whole_a to_o the_o king_n use_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 198._o and_o by_o the_o former_a statute_n the_o forester_n or_o keeper_n be_v prohibit_v to_o put_v any_o cattle_n in_o the_o forest_n belong_v to_o himself_o so_o that_o if_o the_o keeper_n first_o seize_v upon_o good_n in_o the_o forest_n he_o have_v the_o three_o but_o if_o the_o comptroller_n or_o these_o have_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n do_v 〈◊〉_d seize_v the_o keeper_n have_v no_o share_n there_o be_v many_o more_o custom_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o king_n forest_n and_o chase_n in_o england_n where_o the_o forester_n or_o keeper_n have_v only_o the_o branch_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o bark_n thereof_o and_o such_o as_o be_v fall_v or_o decay_v and_o as_o skeen_n observe_v that_o he_o may_v take_v a_o tree_n as_o high_a as_o his_o head_n but_o our_o heritable_a keeper_n have_v much_o more_o privilege_n and_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o deer_n so_o as_o not_o to_o destroy_v either_o and_o with_o a_o reservation_n for_o the_o king_n proper_a use_n 68_o the_o hunt_n or_o kill_v of_o deer_n seem_v to_o be_v inter_v regalia_z with_o we_o except_o these_o who_o have_v they_o within_o proper_a enclosure_n for_o otherways_o the_o king_n forest_n have_v no_o enclosure_n the_o dear_a by_o stray_v abroad_o will_v easy_o be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o though_o every_o man_n may_v hunt_v they_o off_o his_o ground_n by_o which_o they_o will_v be_v force_v back_o to_o some_o forest_n yet_o they_o may_v not_o kill_v they_o 69._o salmond_n fish_v be_v also_o inter_v regalia_z and_o therefore_o pass_v not_o ordinary_o as_o pertinent_a and_o aught_o to_o be_v express_v in_o the_o infeftment_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n salmond-fishing_a have_v be_v find_v constitute_v without_o special_a expression_n but_o only_o by_o the_o common_a clause_n cum_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la and_o long_a possession_n june_n 29._o 1593._o lesly_n of_o creik_v contra_fw-la forbes_n of_o thainstoun_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v find_v that_o salmond-fishing_a be_v only_o inter_v regalia_z as_o it_o be_v a_o casuality_n fluminis_fw-la publici_fw-la such_o as_o be_v navigable_a river_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o common_a use_n of_o passage_n and_o transportation_n in_o like_a manner_n where_o land_n be_v erect_v in_o a_o barony_n or_o any_o other_o dignity_n salmond-fishing_a may_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o the_o common_a clause_n cum_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la as_o when_o it_o bear_v fish_v in_o salt_n and_o fresh_a water_n though_o without_o mention_n of_o salmond-fishing_a hope_n fsh_v laird_n of_o glenurchy_n contra_fw-la alexander_n cambel_n so_o a_o infeftment_n to_o a_o burgh-royal_a bear_v cum_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la &_o piscariis_fw-la with_o immemorial_n possession_n be_v find_v to_o give_v they_o right_o to_o salmond-fishing_a and_o cruive_v though_o none_o of_o they_o be_v express_v january_n 26._o 1665._o heretor_n of_o don_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o aberdene_n january_n 13._o 1681._o brown_a of_o nuntoun_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o kirkcudbright_n it_o be_v also_o find_v constitute_v by_o the_o infeftment_n of_o a_o sheriffship_n and_o forty_o year_n possession_n though_o the_o infeftment_n bear_v only_a emolument_n in_o general_a december_n 13._o 1677._o earl_n of_o murray_n contra_fw-la the_o fever_n upon_o the_o water_n of_o ness_n marquis_n of_o huntly_n and_o town_n of_o inverness_n it_o be_v also_o find_v constitute_v by_o a_o bishop_n charter_n of_o lond_n cum_fw-la piscariis_fw-la bear_v a_o reeddendo_fw-la of_o salmond_n though_o the_o bishop_n right_a from_o the_o king_n be_v not_o produce_v but_o presume_v and_o be_v a_o dignity_n prefected_a by_o long_a possession_n of_o his_o vassal_n january_n 13._o 1680._o brown_a of_o nuntoun_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o kirkcudbright_n and_o likewise_o long_a possession_n by_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o year_n be_v find_v to_o give_v right_a to_o a_o salmond-fishing_a upon_o both_o side_n of_o the_o water_n and_o draw_v the_o same_o upon_o both_o side_n though_o the_o infeftment_n bear_v but_o fish_v upon_o one_o side_n hope_n fish_v lady_n monymusk_n contra_fw-la forbes_n of_o barns_n a_o clause_n cum_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o title_n for_o prescription_n in_o baronia_n and_o that_o forty_o year_n uninterrupted_a possession_n constitute_v the_o right_a of_o salmond-fishing_a february_n 7._o 1672._o fullurtoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o eglintoun_n it_o be_v more_o dubious_a
right_n do_v take_v off_o from_o he_o the_o ward_n if_o the_o right_n be_v feu_n only_o general_o without_o mention_n of_o the_o ward_n see_v the_o act_n 1606._o do_v only_o annul_v feve_v set_v by_o vassal_n hold_v ward_n of_o subject_n without_o their_o superior_n consent_n which_o be_v so_o find_v albeit_o the_o feu_n be_v under_o reversion_n that_o it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o to_o the_o subvassal_n fever_n but_o do_v only_o affect_v the_o vassal_n interest_n viz._n the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n reversion_n and_o back-tack_n july_n 2._o 1672._o earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n greenock_n ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o terce_n and_o liferent_a of_o husband_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n both_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n and_o be_v valid_a without_o the_o superior_n consent_n but_o rental_n and_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n have_v only_o this_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n that_o the_o tenant_n or_o labourer_n shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o the_o next_o whitsonday_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ward_n pay_v the_o old_a accustom_a duty_n par._n 1491._o cap._n 26._o but_o then_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n may_v remove_v they_o notwithstanding_o their_o tack_n be_v unexpired_a which_o therefore_o sleep_n during_o the_o ward_n but_o revive_v against_o the_o setter_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o endure_v as_o many_o year_n after_o the_o ward_n as_o they_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n sinclar_n may_v 21._o 1549._o laird_n of_o durie_n contra_fw-la robert_n stevart_n ledingtoun_n december_n 16._o 1569._o king_n donatar_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o drorgan_n july_n 4._o 1611._o laird_n of_o couter_n contra_fw-la where_o also_o the_o terce_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o superior_a yet_o ward_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o annualrent_n hold_v of_o the_o vassal_n march_v 11._o 1629._o james_n weyms_n contra_fw-la kincraig_n but_o now_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1606._o prohibit_v feve_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a these_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o ward_n or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n as_o to_o fee_n not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v even_o extend_v to_o the_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n hope_n ward_n lady_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o cathcart_n and_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o extend_v the_o foresay_a act_n to_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n feve_v then_o grant_v till_o the_o year_n 1641._o when_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o act_n be_v before_o suspend_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1640._o be_v take_v away_o and_o so_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v valid_a till_o the_o rescissory_a act_n 1661._o whereby_o the_o say_a parliament_n 1641._o be_v rescind_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o so_o that_o now_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n prince_z or_o any_o other_o superior_a without_o their_o consent_n do_v not_o exclude_v it_o or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n except_o such_o feve_v as_o be_v grant_v the_o several_a time_n they_o be_v allow_v by_o law_n but_o a_o charter_n upon_o a_o apprize_n do_v exclude_v the_o ward_n though_o no_o infeftment_n be_v take_v thereupon_o during_o the_o vassal_n life_n as_o hope_n observe_v title_n ward_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o newburgh_n because_o the_o superior_n charter_n without_o seasine_n do_v import_v a_o gift_n of_o the_o casualty_n which_o may_v befall_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o he_o there_o observe_v that_o a_o ward_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o whereby_o the_o defunct_a be_v denude_v albeit_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o heir_n laird_n of_o ley_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barro_n during_o the_o legal_a the_o superior_a or_o donatar_a as_o before_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o appryse_v they_o may_v pay_v the_o appryzer_n and_o take_v his_o right_n so_o after_o they_o may_v redeem_v he_o and_o exclude_v he_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o apprize_a suppose_v of_o a_o great_a tenement_n for_o a_o small_a debt_n the_o superior_a shall_v be_v simple_o exclude_v and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o design_n if_o a_o appryzer_n possess_v his_o ward_n fall_v and_o not_o the_o former_a vassal_n though_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o expire_v but_o after_o the_o ward_n be_v fall_v though_o the_o superior_a receive_v a_o appryzer_n apprize_a from_o the_o heir_n without_o protestation_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v not_o to_o prejudge_v the_o ward_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o former_a vassal_n july_n 9_o 1664._o hospital_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la robert_n campbel_n but_o a_o superior_a be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o ward_n by_o his_o vassalt_n death_n because_o a_o appryzer_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o enter_v he_o during_o that_o vassal_n life_n see_v that_o charge_n can_v not_o make_v the_o apprizer_n vassal_n by_o who_o death_n ward_n will_v fall_v and_o thereby_o make_v the_o superior_a lose_v this_o casuality_n by_o the_o death_n of_o both_o the_o old_a vassal_n and_o the_o appryzer_n unless_o the_o superior_a have_v be_v in_o mora_fw-la aut_fw-la culpa_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v unless_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n and_o a_o charter_n be_v offer_v with_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v what_o further_o the_o lord_n shall_v modify_v february_n 19_o 1669._o black_a contra_fw-la david_n trinch_n if_o a_o apprize_a be_v satisfy_v or_o extinct_a by_o intromission_n the_o ward-land_n apprise_v become_v in_o the_o superior_n hand_n by_o ward_n till_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o heir_n july_n 20._o 1671._o lindsay_n of_o mount_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o kirkonel_n in_o which_o case_n the_o appryzer_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o restrict_n to_o his_o annualrent_n to_o the_o effect_n that_o the_o donatar_n of_o ward_n may_v have_v the_o superplus_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parl_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n whereby_o there_o be_v a_o power_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o cause_n appryzers_n restrict_n to_o their_o annualrent_n which_o be_v only_o personal_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n if_o he_o demand_v it_o the_o benefit_n of_o ward_n be_v also_o burden_a with_o the_o mentainance_n and_o sustentation_n of_o the_o heir_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1491._o cap._n 25_o whereby_o a_o reasonable_a sustentation_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heritage_n be_v appoint_v to_o the_o heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n blensh_fw-mi or_o feu_fw-fr to_o sustain_v he_o and_o that_o by_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o donatar_n and_o conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o so_o find_v not_o only_a when_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o mean_n but_o though_o he_o have_v if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entertain_v he_o the_o superplus_n be_v modify_v out_o of_o the_o ward-land_n and_o land_n liferent_v proportionable_o march_v 16._o 1622._o heir_n of_o miltoun_n contra_fw-la calderwood_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o the_o aliment_n of_o heir_n by_o ward_n superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n in_o this_o place_n but_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n title_n 27._o section_n three_o thus_o it_o appear_v in_o what_o way_n the_o casuality_n of_o ward_n be_v exclude_v burden_v or_o restrict_v be_v always_o by_o law_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o no_o private_a deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n or_o appointment_n of_o law_n can_v burden_v the_o fee_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a by_o ward_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o servitude_n introduce_v by_o the_o vassal_n as_o thirlage_n way_n and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n when_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n unless_o such_o servitude_n be_v introduce_v by_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n or_o immemorial_n possession_n whereunto_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n their_o consent_n be_v presume_v and_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v more_o ground_n for_o sustain_v of_o the_o servitude_n even_o against_o the_o superior_a who_o may_v at_o least_o have_v use_v civil_a interruption_n march_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n of_o consent_n or_o by_o cognition_n whereto_o the_o superior_a be_v not_o call_v have_v no_o effect_n in_o his_o prejudice_n during_o the_o ward_n feb._n 8._o 1662._o lord_n torphichen_n contra_fw-la as_o to_z the_o personal_a debt_n of_o the_o vassal_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a they_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o fee_n though_o in_o ward_n albeit_o craig_n dieges_n 20._o relate_v that_o of_o
bruce_n contra_fw-la james_n bruce_n this_o annualrent_n be_v not_o for_o security_n of_o a_o stock_n the_o like_a be_v find_v of_o a_o liferent_a annualrent_n june_n 18._o 1663._o margaret_n fleming_n contra_fw-la james_n gillis_n 14._o annualrent_n as_o to_o bygone_n be_v movable_a and_o so_o arrestable_a and_o belong_v to_o executor_n december_n 15._o 1630._o ogilvie_n contra_fw-la ogilvie_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v more_o competent_a and_o suitable_a to_o pursue_v it_o personal_o against_o intrometter_n with_o the_o rent_n or_o postessor_n then_o by_o a_o real_a action_n of_o poind_v the_o ground_n annualrent_n be_v suppress_v by_o wodset_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o more_o noble_a right_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o annualrenter_fw-la unless_o that_o right_o be_v evict_v 15._o a_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_a redeemable_a be_v find_v extinct_a by_o a_o renunciation_n registrat_n in_o the_o register_n of_o reversion_n and_o that_o against_o a_o singular_a successor_n though_o there_o be_v no_o resignation_n of_o the_o annualrent_a january_n 7._o 1680._o john_n mcclellan_n contra_fw-la mushet_n a_o annualrent_n be_v also_o find_v extinct_a by_o the_o annualrenter_n intromet_v with_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n out_o of_o which_o the_o annualrent_n be_v payable_a equivalent_a to_o the_o principal_a sum_n for_o security_n whereof_o the_o annualrent_n be_v constitute_v which_o intromission_n be_v sound_a probable_a by_o witness_n though_o it_o be_v silver-rent_a feb._n 4._o 1671._o wishart_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n arthur_n and_o therefore_o singnlar_a successor_n succeed_v in_o annualrent_n either_o by_o voluntary_a disposition_n or_o by_o apprise_v or_o adjudication_n can_v be_v secure_a by_o inspection_n of_o register_n as_o they_o may_v be_v for_o land_n but_o they_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o principal_a sum_n for_o which_o the_o annualrent_n be_v grant_v wherewith_o it_o fall_v in_o consequence_n for_o no_o provident_a man_n will_v buy_v a_o annualrent_a give_v for_o security_n of_o a_o principal_a sum_n but_o either_o upon_o necessity_n for_o satisfy_v a_o prior_n debt_n or_o upon_o great_a advantage_n in_o both_o which_o case_n he_o shall_v take_v his_o hazard_n scire_fw-la debet_fw-la cum_fw-la quo_fw-la contrahit_fw-la as_o all_o purchaser_n of_o personal_a right_n must_v do_v pension_n resemble_v annualrent_n or_o the_o seuda_fw-la ex_fw-la camera_fw-la or_o ex_fw-la cavena_fw-es mention_v by_o the_o feudist_n for_o thereby_o a_o yearly_a rent_n be_v constitute_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o constituents_a land_n general_o or_o particular_o yet_o these_o pension_n not_o have_v infeftment_n have_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o assignation_n and_o so_o be_v not_o valid_a against_o singular_a successor_n 16._o except_o only_o ecclesiastic_a pension_n constitute_v by_o prelate_n which_o be_v valid_a against_o their_o successor_n in_o office_n but_o not_o unless_o they_o be_v clothe_v with_o possession_n or_o decreet_n conform_v in_o the_o constituents_a life_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 137._o and_o so_o a_o pension_n grant_v by_o a_o bishop_n with_o power_n to_o assign_v be_v find_v valid_a to_o the_o assignee_n after_o the_o first_o pensioner_n death_n against_o the_o succeed_a bishop_n and_o to_o be_v no_o dilapidation_n july_n 21._o 1625._o minister_n of_o kirklistoun_n contra_fw-la patrick_n whitelaw_n yea_o though_o the_o pension_n bear_v a_o power_n to_o assign_v etiam_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la mortis_fw-la december_n 17._o 1628._o chalmers_n contra_fw-la craigievar_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o pensioner_n grant_v assignation_n reserve_v his_o own_o life-rent_a or_o to_o take_v effect_n after_o his_o death_n whereby_o both_o might_n at_o once_o have_v interest_n therein_o the_o assignation_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n though_o have_v decreet_a conform_v and_o thirty_o year_n possession_n the_o like_a hope_n assignation_n abernethie_o contra_fw-la lady_n drumlanerk_n but_o now_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1606._o cap._n 3._o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v disable_v to_o grant_v pension_n to_o affect_v their_o benefice_n further_o than_o themselves_o have_v right_a to_o the_o benefice_n but_o do_v not_o prejudge_v their_o successor_n in_o office_n yet_o pension_n grant_v by_o benefice_a person_n be_v not_o only_o due_a during_o their_o life_n but_o out_o of_o their_o annat_v after_o their_o death_n february_n 28._o 1628._o bairn_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o galloway_n contra_fw-la andrew_n couper_n 17._o pension_n grant_v by_o secular_a person_n though_o they_o contain_v assignation_n to_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o land_n special_o and_o have_v decreet_a conform_v be_v find_v ineffectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n in_o the_o land_n july_n 9_o 1629._o urquhart_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n december_n 11._o 1662._o andrew_n clappertoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o ednem_fw-la neither_o against_o the_o lady_n tercer_n of_o the_o constituent_a march_v 27._o 1634._o countess_z of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o dumsermling_n a_o decreet_a conform_v be_v obtain_v against_o the_o grant_a of_o a_o pension_n his_o tenant_n and_o chamberlain_n be_v effectual_a against_o subsequent_a chamberlain_n without_o new_a decreet_a or_o transference_n yet_o must_v be_v transfer_v against_o the_o constituents_a heir_n and_o his_o chamberlain_n though_o it_o will_v be_v valid_a be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a pension_n against_o his_o successor_n december_n 7._o 1630._o earl_n of_o carrict_a contra_fw-la duke_n of_o lennox_n spot_n hic_fw-la alexander_n weyms_n contra_fw-la chamberlain_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n a_o pension_n bear_v for_o love_n and_o special_a service_n do_v and_o to_o be_v do_v be_v find_v effectual_a though_o the_o pensioner_n remove_v and_o do_v not_o that_o service_n his_o removal_n be_v necessary_a by_o transportation_n march_v 25._o 1629._o doctor_n strang_n contra_fw-la lord_n couper_n the_o like_a of_o a_o pension_n grant_v to_o a_o advocate_n for_o service_n do_v and_o to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v find_v valid_a during_o his_o life_n though_o he_o leave_v plead_v december_n 3._o 1662._o mr._n john_n alexander_n contra_fw-la mr._n roderick_n mcleod_n the_o like_a of_o a_o pension_n for_o service_n do_v and_o to_o be_v do_v though_o the_o service_n be_v not_o do_v when_o not_o require_v nor_o be_v it_o exclude_v by_o the_o pensioner_n pursue_v process_n at_o his_o own_o instance_n against_o the_o constituent_a upon_o a_o probable_a ground_n though_o the_o constituent_n be_v assoil_v june_n 26._o 1678._o mr._n william_n weir_n advocate_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o callendar_n 18._o pension_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v not_o arrestable_a in_o the_o thesaurers_n hand_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la june_n 11._o 1613._o the_o reason_n thereof_o must_v be_v because_o such_o be_v ordinary_o alimentary_a and_o always_o for_o the_o king_n special_a service_n which_o will_v be_v impede_v by_o hinder_v payment_n of_o the_o pension_n title_n xvi_o liferent_n where_o of_o conjunctfee_n terce_n and_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n 1._o servitude_n personal_a by_o the_o roman_a law_n 2._o servitude_n personal_a by_o our_o custom_n 3._o clause_n of_o conquest_n of_o liferent_a or_o fee_n of_o land_n acquire_v during_o marriage_n how_o far_o extend_v 4._o all_o liferent_n must_v be_v salva_fw-la rei_fw-la substantia_fw-la 5._o liferenter_n be_v burden_v with_o aliment_n of_o heir_n 6._o liferent_n without_o infeftment_n be_v not_o effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 7._o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n to_o liferent_n 8._o liferent_n be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o tack_n or_o other_o deed_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v posterior_n 9_o what_o term_n do_v belong_v to_o liferenter_n 10._o conjunctsee_n 11._o liferenter_n by_o conjunctsee_n have_v all_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n 12._o terce_n 13._o service_n of_o terce_n 14._o ken_n to_o terce_n 15._o the_o effect_n of_o terce_n 16._o the_o extent_n of_o terce_n 17._o exception_n against_o terce_n 18._o burden_n of_o terce_n 19_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n 20._o public_a burden_n from_o the_o feudal_n right_n of_o property_n we_o proceed_v to_o servitude_n burden_v the_o 〈◊〉_d these_o be_v either_o personal_a or_o real_a personal_a servitude_n be_v whereby_o the_o property_n of_o one_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o person_n of_o another_o real_a servitude_n be_v whereby_o a_o tenement_n be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o another_o tenement_n and_o to_o person_n but_o as_o and_o while_o they_o have_v right_o to_o the_o tenement_n dominant_a as_o thirleage_v pasturage_n way_n passage_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a servitude_n personal_a for_o term_n of_o life_n be_v therefore_o call_v liferent_n servitude_n for_o a_o indefinite_a time_n be_v such_o which_o either_o may_v or_o use_n to_o be_v constitute_v for_o a_o long_o or_o short_a time_n such_o be_v pension_n ecclesiastic_a rental_n and_o tack_n which_o though_o they_o be_v in_o their_o nature_n but_o personal_a right_n yet_o by_o statute_n or_o custom_n they_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o real_a right_n of_o which_o
the_o viccarage_n teind_n be_v local_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o every_o benefice_n or_o paroch_n and_o therefore_o be_v suftain_v for_o the_o viccarage_n of_o salt_n and_o so_o much_o out_o of_o each_o loom_n but_o not_o upon_o thirteen_o year_n possession_n but_o only_o upon_o prescription_n by_o forty_o year_n possession_n november_n 29._o 1678._o mr._n john_n birnie_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o nethâ—sdaâ—â—_n and_o his_o tenant_n yea_o in_o the_o same_o paroch_n there_o be_v find_v diversity_n of_o the_o viccarage_n some_o place_n have_v no_o viccarage_n of_o cow_n and_o other_o place_n pay_v viccarage_n of_o milk_n and_o wool_n for_o sheep_n and_o other_o place_n pay_v viccarage_n of_o hay_n goose_n and_o grice_n july_n 7._o 1677._o parson_n of_o prestounhaugh_n contra_fw-la his_o parochioner_n and_o viccarage_n be_v not_o find_v due_a out_o of_o yard_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o chanrions_n portion_n unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o they_o have_v be_v in_o use_n of_o payment_n of_o viccarage_n before_o 7._o some_o land_n also_o by_o long_a custom_n be_v teind-free_a as_o temple-land_n be_v out_o of_o use_n of_o payment_n of_o teind_n for_o fifty_o year_n be_v find_v free_a for_o all_o time_n thereafter_o hope_n teind_n earl_n of_o wigtoun_n contra_fw-la lady_n torwood_n gleibs_n and_o manse_v be_v also_o teind-free_a and_o the_o teind_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o cystertian_n order_n hospitler_n and_o templar_n be_v teind-free_a and_o so_o continue_v in_o their_o fevar_n though_o the_o privilege_n be_v only_o as_o to_o what_o these_o order_n labour_v themselves_o yet_o the_o teind_v be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o their_o many_o fevar_n for_o what_o the_o fevar_n themselves_o labour_n july_n 15._o 1664._o thomas_n crawford_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o prestoungrange_n 8._o teind_n be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v set_v in_o feu_n to_o layman_n by_o the_o lateran_n council_n hold_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o second_o or_o any_o way_n to_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o church_n though_o church-land_n may_v be_v set_v feu_n these_o be_v account_v but_o the_o temporality_n and_o the_o teind_n the_o spirituality_n as_o flow_v from_o a_o spiritual_a ground_n or_o divine_a right_n 9_o teind_n be_v also_o acknowledge_v with_o we_o to_o be_v the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kirk_n par._n 1567._o cap._n 10._o and_o they_o be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n be_v par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o 10._o yet_o decimae_fw-la inclusae_fw-la be_v here_o except_v for_o these_o be_v feve_v with_o the_o stock_n and_o can_v be_v only_o such_o as_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v go_v along_o with_o the_o stock_n and_o never_o have_v be_v draw_v nor_o separate_v and_o therefore_o be_v so_o ordinary_o express_v decimae_fw-la inclusae_fw-la nunquam_fw-la antea_fw-la separatae_fw-la and_o therefore_o such_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v feve_v out_o with_o the_o stock_n before_o the_o lateran_n council_n and_o so_o consistent_a with_o the_o canon_n but_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o once_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o churchman_n though_o they_o have_v right_o both_o to_o stock_n and_o teind_v and_o be_v feve_v with_o teind_n include_v they_o be_v not_o valide_fw-la decimae_fw-la inclusae_fw-la which_o no_o churchman_n can_v feu_n after_o the_o say_a council_n neither_o can_v the_o king_n constitute_v feus_n de_fw-la novo_fw-la cum_fw-la decimis_fw-la inclusis_fw-la so_o that_o these_o teind_n include_v be_v estimate_n as_o no_o teind_n long_a custom_n be_v fufficient_a to_o make_v land_n teind-free_a and_o therefore_o they_o have_v never_o come_v in_o with_o teind_n or_o benefice_n in_o any_o burden_n affect_v teind_n by_o law_n as_o minister_n stipend_n etc._n etc._n 11._o about_o the_o time_n of_o abolition_n of_o popery_n in_o scotland_n the_o popish_a clergy_n do_v grant_v more_o frequent_o long_a tack_n of_o their_o teind_n the_o king_n also_o give_v donative_n of_o teind_n and_o erect_v they_o with_o church-land_n into_o barony_n and_o lordship_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v little_a of_o they_o no_o way_n able_a to_o entertain_v the_o minister_n and_o much_o contraversie_n be_v like_a to_o arise_v about_o they_o till_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n submit_v and_o surrender_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n first_o by_o the_o general_a surrender_n of_o erection_n and_o teind_n second_o by_o a_o particular_a surrender_n of_o some_o benefice_a person_n three_o of_o the_o bishop_n four_o of_o the_o burrows_n the_o king_n upon_o the_o 2._o of_o september_n 1629._o order_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o whole_a teind_n shall_v be_v consolidat_fw-la with_o the_o stock_n be_v always_o affect_v with_o competent_a stipend_n to_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o titular_a or_o the_o tacks-man_n of_o the_o teind_n have_v perpetual_a or_o hereditable_a right_n shall_v sell_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heretor_n at_o nine_o year_n puchase_n and_o where_o the_o right_o be_v temporary_a or_o defective_a the_o price_n thereof_o shall_v be_v make_v less_o according_o 12._o and_o for_o that_o effect_n a_o commission_n be_v grant_v for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n and_o for_o dispone_v thereof_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o modify_v and_o local_v stipendsto_n the_o minister_n his_o majesty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o only_o a_o yearly_a annuity_n of_o ten_o shilling_n scot_n out_o of_o each_o boll_n of_o wheat_n and_o barley_n eight_o shilling_n of_o pease_n and_o rye_n six_o shilling_n of_o oat_n where_o the_o boll_n render_v a_o boll_n of_o meal_n and_o proportional_o less_o where_o it_o render_v less_o these_o decreet_n be_v ratify_v and_o prosecute_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o cap._n 8_o 15_o 17_o 19_o and_o 1641._o cap._n 30._o par._n 1647._o cap._n 32._o par._n 1649._o cap._n 46._o par._n 1661._o cap._n 61._o there_o be_v a_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n 1633._o cap._n 19_o which_o ordain_v the_o teind_n of_o all_o abbacy_n and_o other_o benefice_n except_o the_o teind_n pertain_v to_o bishopriks_n and_o other_o benefice_n which_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o submission_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o clause_n that_o the_o say_n bishop_n and_o benefice_a person_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o fruit_n and_o rent_n of_o their_o several_a benefice_n as_o they_o be_v possess_v by_o they_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a submission_n and_o therefore_o where_o they_o do_v draw_v the_o teind_n by_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o year_n before_o the_o year_n 1628._o or_o at_o least_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o say_n fifteen_o year_n or_o have_v the_o same_o in_o rentalled_a bolls_n they_o shall_v so_o continue_v and_o not_o be_v value_v which_o provision_n be_v repeat_v par._n 1662._o cap._n 9_o all_o this_o prove_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ineffectual_a for_o compel_a titular_n and_o tacksman_n of_o teind_n to_o sell_v their_o interest_n in_o other_o man_n teind_n to_o the_o proper_a heretor_n because_o these_o commissioner_n allow_v they_o a_o option_n to_o allocat_fw-la who_o they_o please_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o minister_n stipend_n few_o venture_v to_o pursue_v they_o for_o vendition_n lest_o they_o may_v be_v exclude_v be_v allocation_n which_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o avert_v by_o give_v the_o dear_a rate_n but_o if_o the_o stipend_n have_v be_v lay_v proportional_o upon_o all_o the_o king_n favour_n have_v be_v more_o effectual_a and_o equal_a but_o buy_v of_o teind_n be_v thereby_o retard_v the_o great_a work_n of_o these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o value_v modify_v and_o allocat_fw-la stipend_n when_o the_o tack-duty_n of_o the_o tacksman_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a to_o make_v up_o thestipend_n the_o commission_n do_v increass_n the_o tack-duty_n upon_o the_o tacks-man_n and_o in_o recompense_n thereof_o prorogat_v their_o tack_n whereby_o they_o though_o at_o first_o be_v but_o slender_a right_n by_o many_o nineteen_o year_n prorogation_n become_v little_o less_o than_o heritable_a right_n 13._o the_o annuity_n of_o teind_n not_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n be_v dispone_v by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o to_o james_n livingstoun_n a_o groom_n of_o his_o bedchamber_n to_o be_v uplift_v by_o he_o till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o sum_n of_o which_o right_o be_v purchase_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o lowdoun_n and_o do_v receive_v many_o stop_n and_o take_v little_a effect_n till_o the_o king_n return_n who_o give_v a_o commission_n to_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o lowdoun_n to_o transact_v for_o the_o by-gone_a annuity_n and_o to_o dispone_v they_o with_o the_o full_a right_o thereof_o in_o all_o time_n come_v and_o his_o disposition_n with_o consent_n of_o two_o member_n of_o exchequer_n be_v declare_v sufficient_a right_n to_o the_o buyer_n and_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v record_v in_o the_o book_n of_o exchequer_n that_o the_o sum_n get_v therefore_o may_v be_v know_v and_o impute_v unto_o the_o sum_n
away_o the_o real_a right_n of_o wodset_n so_o the_o money_n come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o property_n of_o the_o wodsetter_n as_o movable_a and_o fall_v to_o his_o executor_n which_o till_o a_o declarator_n be_v not_o so_o see_v the_o order_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o december_n 19_o 1629._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la miller_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o consignatar_n be_v oblige_v to_o redeliver_v the_o consign_v money_n to_o the_o consigner_n his_o heir_n or_o assigney_n pass_v from_o the_o order_n though_o the_o wodsetter_n to_o who_o use_n it_o be_v consign_v be_v not_o call_v the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o till_o declarator_n the_o congned_a sum_n remain_v in_o the_o property_n of_o the_o consigner_n and_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o wodsetter_n but_o to_o his_o heir_n or_o where_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n be_v after_o the_o wodsetters_n death_n january_n 21._o 1673._o thomas_n nicol_n contra_fw-la lourie_n june_n 18._o 1675._o laird_n of_o lie_n contra_fw-la forbes_n of_o blacktoun_n upon_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n letter_n will_v be_v obtain_v summary_o against_o the_o consignatar_n to_o re-produce_a the_o consign_v money_n december_n 7_o 1631._o 1631._o grierson_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n but_o though_o the_o instrument_n of_o consignation_n will_v instruct_v the_o consignation_n against_o the_o wodsetter_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v against_o the_o consignatar_n without_o his_o oath_n or_o write_v subscribe_v by_o his_o own_o hand_n january_n 14._o 1630._o lausree_fw-mi contra_fw-la miller_n 21._o redemption_n be_v not_o elide_v by_o a_o singular_a successor_n obtain_v infeftment_n of_o the_o wodset_n landsafter_o the_o order_n or_o at_o least_o the_o infeftment_n be_v base_a not_o clad_v with_o possession_n till_o after_o the_o order_n though_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o seven_o year_n possession_n before_o declarator_n hope_v confirmation_n earl_n of_o errol_n contra_fw-la tenant_n and_o lady_n seaforth_n 22._o wodset_n be_v also_o take_v off_o by_o premonition_n or_o requisition_n require_v the_o sum_n upon_o which_o the_o wodset_n be_v grant_v which_o make_v the_o sum_n movable_a and_o the_o infeftment_n of_o wodset_n void_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o requir_a may_v pass_v from_o his_o requisition_n and_o the_o infeftment_n revive_v january_n 29._o 1635._o james_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o calder_n the_o requisition_n may_v be_v also_o past_a from_o indireclty_n by_o uplift_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o wodset_a land_n for_o term_n after_o the_o requisition_n hope_v usury_n thomas_n waliace_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o edzel_n or_o take_v posterior_n term_n of_o annualrent_a from_o principal_n or_o cautioner_n requisition_n require_v also_o the_o same_o solemnity_n that_o premonition_n require_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o sustain_v where_o the_o procurator_n design_v no_o time_n nor_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o money_n require_v and_o the_o instrument_n be_v mend_v at_o the_o bar_n as_o to_o the_o read_n of_o the_o procuratory_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o refer_v to_o the_o defender_n oath_n which_o the_o lord_n admit_v not_o the_o instrument_n be_v otherways_o produce_v in_o judgement_n this_o be_v in_o expyre_v of_o a_o reversion_n for_o not_o payment_n upon_o requisition_n the_o like_a when_o the_o requisition_n bear_v that_o february_n 7._o 1628._o maxwel_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o innerweek_n the_o like_a where_o the_o requisition_n mention_v not_o the_o production_n or_o the_o procuratory_n though_o it_o bear_v not_o it_o to_o be_v call_v november_n 13._o 1622._o laird_n of_o bass_n contra_fw-la wauchop_n this_o be_v in_o a_o requisition_n only_o to_o validat_n a_o charge_n the_o contrary_n be_v find_v where_o it_o bear_v that_o the_o procurators_n power_n be_v know_v to_o he_o and_o the_o witness_n january_n 18._o 1665._o stuart_n contra_fw-la stuart_n here_o there_o be_v a_o apprise_v deduce_v upon_o the_o requisition_n the_o like_a where_o the_o procuratory_n be_v not_o call_v for_o and_o be_v in_o the_o procurators_n hand_n june_n 28._o 1671._o helen_n home_n contra_fw-la lord_n justice_n clerk_n 23._o declarator_n of_o redemption_n or_o renunciation_n or_o grant_v of_o redemption_n do_v ordinary_o bear_v that_o the_o wodsetter_n renunce_v all_o right_a to_o the_o wodset_a land_n and_o albeit_o he_o have_v a_o distinct_a right_n it_o will_v not_o stop_v the_o declarator_n nor_o oblige_v the_o redeemer_n to_o debate_v thereanent_a in_o that_o process_n nor_o will_v it_o stop_v the_o enter_v the_o redeemer_n in_o the_o possession_n in_o which_o he_o enter_v by_o the_o wodset_n but_o that_o right_a will_v only_o be_v reserve_v november_n 22._o 1677._o sir_n archibald_n stuart_n of_o castlemilk_n contra_fw-la duke_n of_o hamiltoun_n and_o if_o the_o wodsetter_n condescend_v upon_o and_o give_v evidence_n of_o any_o other_o right_n beside_o the_o wodset_n it_o will_v be_v particular_o reserve_v or_o the_o renunciation_n will_v only_o bear_v all_o right_a by_o virtue_n of_o the_o wodset_n hope_v confirmation_n baikie_n contra_fw-la july_n 2._o 1623._o earl_n of_o errol_n contra_fw-la bukie_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o redemption_n of_o a_o apprize_a the_o renunciation_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o right_n in_o question_n february_n 22._o 1631._o murray_n contra_fw-la lord_n yester_n declarator_n of_o redemption_n do_v discern_v the_o wodsetter_n to_o renunce_v and_o resign_v all_o right_n to_o the_o wodset_a land_n unless_o a_o right_n distinct_a from_o the_o wodset_n can_v be_v instruct_v which_o will_v be_v except_v or_o a_o evidence_n give_v of_o such_o a_o right_n which_o thereupon_o will_v be_v reserve_v but_o a_o general_a reservation_n of_o other_o right_n be_v not_o sustain_v but_o a_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n be_v find_v a_o species_n of_o declarator_n of_o right_n after_o which_o no_o right_a competent_a and_o omit_v will_v be_v sustain_v which_o be_v then_o know_v february_n 2._o 1676._o duke_n of_o lauderdail_n contra_fw-la lord_n and_o lady_n yester_n title_n xxi_o extinction_n of_o infeftment_n where_o of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la recognition_n disclamation_n purpresture_n and_o other_o feudal_n delinquence_n 1._o the_o form_n of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 2._o they_o may_v be_v by_o procurator_n or_o propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la 3._o instrument_n of_o resignation_n prove_v not_o without_o a_o warrant_n in_o write_v 4._o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la be_v valide_fw-la without_o registration_n till_o the_o year_n 1669._o 5._o resignation_n imply_v all_o burden_n by_o the_o vassal_n affect_v the_o fee._n 6._o resignation_n by_o he_o who_o have_v no_o right_a with_o consent_n of_o he_o who_o have_v right_a how_o far_o effectual_a 7._o how_o far_o superior_n may_v not_o reject_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 8._o how_o infeftment_n become_v extinct_a by_o succession_n as_o heir_n or_o singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la 9_o the_o original_n of_o extinction_n of_o fee_n not_o by_o the_o vassal_n consent_n but_o by_o his_o deed_n 10._o recognition_n by_o alienation_n of_o the_o ward_n fee._n 11._o recognition_n by_o infeftment_n a_o se._n 12._o whether_o recognition_n can_v be_v incur_v by_o deed_n in_o minority_n or_o on_o deathbed_n 13._o whether_o recognition_n can_v be_v incur_v by_o subfeudation_a 14._o how_o far_o feve_v exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o full_a rent_n may_v subsist_v without_o recognition_n 15._o in_o what_o case_n other_o feve_n of_o ward-land_n infer_v not_o recognition_n 16._o recognition_n by_o alienation_n be_v only_o of_o land_n clear_o ward_v simple_a or_o tax_v 17._o recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v unless_o the_o major_a part_n be_v alienate_v 18._o recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v by_o alienation_n to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n 19_o whether_o recognition_n be_v incur_v by_o alienation_n on_o condition_n that_o the_o superior_a consent_n 20._o inhibition_n exclude_v not_o recognition_n 21._o recognition_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o vassal_n drunkeness_n when_o he_o alienat_fw-la 22._o how_o the_o superior_n consent_n may_v be_v adhibite_fw-la to_o alienation_n to_o shun_v recognition_n 23._o how_o far_o the_o king_n confirmation_n without_o a_o novodamus_fw-la take_v off_o recognition_n 24._o how_o recognition_n be_v take_v off_o by_o homologation_n 25._o recognition_n exclude_v all_o infeftment_n tack_n or_o servitude_n by_o the_o vassal_n deed_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n or_o authority_n of_o law_n 26._o servitude_n by_o prescription_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o recognition_n 27._o in_o recognition_n who_o must_v be_v cite_v and_o who_o may_v compear_v 28._o the_o title_n and_o order_n in_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n 29._o disclamation_n how_o incur_v 30._o purpresture_n how_o incur_v 31._o feudal_n delinquence_n adduce_v by_o the_o feudist_n for_o resolve_v fee_n 32._o attrocious_a deed_n against_o vassal_n fidelity_n to_o their_o superior_n resolve_v their_o fee_n 33._o how_o far_o the_o ignorance_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o vassal_n excuse_n with_o other_o exception_n for_o the_o vassal_n 34._o whether_o the_o delinquence_n of_o the_o sub
immediate_a vassal_n but_o by_o all_o subaltern_a vassal_n and_o will_v not_o only_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o deed_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o he_o by_o his_o sub-vassal_n but_o by_o all_o deed_n of_o attrocity_n do_v against_o another_o superior_a by_o his_o sub-vassal_n as_o if_o his_o sub-vassal_n shall_v kill_v wound_n or_o betray_v his_o superior_a so_o that_o the_o question_n behove_v to_o return_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o feudal_a contract_n or_o obligation_n of_o fidelity_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o sub-vassal_n for_o if_o that_o be_v than_o vassal_n may_v fall_v in_o recognition_n by_o such_o deed_n not_o only_o against_o their_o immediate_a superior_n but_o against_o all_o their_o mediate_v superior_n though_o never_o so_o many_o for_o though_o the_o case_n in_o question_n be_v most_o odious_a and_o unfavourable_a be_v rebellion_n yet_o it_o have_v its_o proper_a punishment_n introduce_v by_o law_n and_o statute_n whereby_o the_o rebel_n lose_v life_n land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n to_o who_o all_o his_o subject_n owe_v fidelity_n as_o subject_n though_o all_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o feudal_a fidelity_n as_o vassal_n yet_o if_o recognition_n take_v place_n as_o to_o the_o king_n it_o must_v likewise_o fall_v to_o all_o other_o superior_n whatever_o way_n the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n feu_n blensh_fw-mi or_o mortification_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o confirmation_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a anterior_a to_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n we_o shall_v not_o therefore_o anticipat_v the_o public_a determination_n of_o the_o question_n if_o custom_n have_v determine_v it_o what_o will_v take_v place_n for_o all_o feudal_a right_n be_v local_a but_o there_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v any_o case_n by_o which_o a_o donatar_n by_o his_o gift_n and_o presentation_n be_v infeft_v in_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o king_n sub-vassal_n forefault_n have_v exclude_v these_o who_o have_v real_a right_n from_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n before_o the_o treasonable_a fact_n though_o much_o have_v be_v dispute_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 9_o cap._n 2._o concern_v the_o quinquennial_a possession_n of_o forfaulted_a person_n especial_o from_o the_o last_o clause_n thereof_o bear_v that_o no_o person_n present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o feu_fw-fr land_n forefault_v nor_o any_o vassal_n of_o any_o fever_n forefault_v shall_v be_v compel_v to_o produce_v their_o acquittance_n of_o their_o feu-mail_n or_o annualrent_n of_o their_o forefaulted_a land_n of_o any_o year_n precede_v the_o forefaulture_n which_o do_v clear_o acknowledge_v that_o when_o the_o fever_n right_o be_v forefault_v his_o sub-vassal_n right_o be_v not_o forefaut_v yet_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o will_v not_o end_v the_o controversy_n by_o the_o act_n 72._o par._n 1457._o because_o these_o right_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a fever_n may_v have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n special_o or_o general_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1457._o but_o the_o general_a confirmation_n from_o that_o act_n can_v have_v no_o effect_n because_o the_o the_o sub-vassal_n who_o right_n be_v preserve_v by_o the_o act_n be_v not_o feve_v grant_v by_o ward-holders_n but_o be_v subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefaulted_a fever_n and_o without_o question_n the_o king_n have_v give_v no_o consent_n to_o any_o to_o grant_v feve_n but_o to_o ward-holders_n only_a for_o though_o the_o law_n hinder_v they_o to_o grant_v sub-feves_a or_o annualrent_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o consent_n or_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n thereto_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n his_o immediate_a vassal_n be_v forefault_v all_o the_o ancient_a feve_n grant_v by_o he_o of_o the_o land_n hold_v ward_n will_v stand_v valid_a as_o be_v consent_v to_o by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o foresay_a statute_n but_o the_o feve_v grant_v by_o he_o of_o land_n hold_v blensh_o or_o feu_fw-fr will_v fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o his_o own_o feu_n or_o blensh_fw-mi and_o can_v defend_v against_o forefaulture_n more_o than_o annualrent_n or_o lucrative_a tack_n grant_v by_o he_o which_o law_n do_v allow_v and_o yet_o fall_v with_o his_o right_n unless_o consent_v to_o or_o confirm_v by_o the_o superior_a title_n xxii_o prescription_n 1._o prescription_n distinguish_v and_o describe_v 2._o usucapion_n 3._o the_o several_a time_n require_v to_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n by_o the_o roman_a law_n 4._o requisite_n to_o prescription_n 5._o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la requisite_a to_o prescription_n 6._o whether_o he_o who_o doubt_v of_o his_o author_n right_o be_v in_o bona_fw-la or_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la 7._o evidence_n of_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la 8._o the_o title_n requisite_a to_o prescription_n 9_o the_o motive_n inductive_a of_o prescription_n 10._o exception_n where_o prescription_n take_v no_o place_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 11._o the_o common_a rule_n of_o prescription_n with_o we_o 12._o the_o beginning_n of_o prescription_n of_o personal_a right_n with_o the_o extension_n thereof_o 13._o prescription_n of_o movable_n 14._o prescription_n be_v reckon_v the_o momento_n in_o momentum_fw-la per_fw-la tempus_fw-la continuum_fw-la 15._o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 16._o prescription_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o right_n of_o superiority_n 17._o prescription_n run_v not_o for_o tenant_n against_o their_o master_n 18._o prescription_n run_v not_o against_o minor_n but_o there_o be_v no_o exception_n of_o mortification_n to_o pious_a use_n 19_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n bona_fw-la fides_n be_v not_o require_v 20._o the_o title_n requisite_a in_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 21._o this_o long_a prescription_n secure_v wodset_n infeftment_n for_o security_n teind_n and_o long_a tack_n 22._o how_o far_o teind_n can_v prescribe_v 23._o this_o prescription_n extend_v to_o patronage_n and_o office_n 24._o and_o to_o thirleage_v and_o all_o servitude_n 25._o this_o prescription_n exclude_v all_o action_n and_o ground_n of_o reduction_n and_o declarator_n if_o the_o essential_o of_o the_o title_n appear_v 26._o the_o several_a way_n of_o interruption_n of_o prescription_n 27._o the_o way_n of_o interruption_n by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o to_o special_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o letter_n of_o publication_n 28._o the_o annual_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o appearand_a heir_n intra_fw-la annum_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 29._o the_o biennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o preference_n of_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n to_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o heir_n 30._o triennial_n prescription_n of_o spuilzie_n ejection_n intrusion_n and_o succeed_a in_o the_o vice_n merchants-counts_a house-mails_a and_o remove_n 31._o quadrennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o reduce_v deed_n of_o minor_n intra_fw-la quadrennium_fw-la utile_fw-la 32._o quinquennial_a prescription_n of_o arrestment_n minister_n stipend_n multure_n rent_n of_o tenant_n remove_v and_o legal_a reversion_n of_o special_a adjudication_n 33._o septennial_a prescription_n of_o old_a apprising_n and_o summon_n for_o interruption_n 34._o decennial_a prescription_n of_o late_a apprising_n or_o general_a adjudication_n 35._o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n of_o holograph_n bond_n missive_n and_o subscription_n in_o count-book_n without_o witness_n 36._o no_o prescription_n run_v in_o minority_n except_o remove_n house-mails_a and_o merchants-counts_a 1._o prescription_n be_v the_o common_a extinction_n and_o abolish_n of_o all_o right_n and_o therefore_o be_v reserve_v here_o to_o the_o last_o place_n the_o name_n and_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o prescription_n be_v sometime_o large_o take_v for_o any_o exception_n but_o have_v be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o most_o common_a exception_n in_o all_o case_n whereby_o all_o action_n and_o cause_n be_v exclude_v by_o course_n of_o time_n and_o so_o prescription_n have_v no_o further_a effect_n then_o to_o maintain_v the_o possessor_n in_o possession_n by_o exception_n but_o not_o to_o recover_v possession_n be_v lose_v and_o can_v not_o constitute_v the_o right_n of_o property_n 2._o in_o this_o prescription_n do_v chief_o differ_v from_o usucapion_n by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n that_o usucapion_n do_v constitute_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v define_v by_o modestinus_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr usucapione_n adjectio_fw-la vel_fw-la acquisitio_fw-la dominii_fw-la per_fw-la continuationem_fw-la possessionis_fw-la temporis_fw-la lege_fw-la definiti_fw-la to_o which_o description_n the_o name_n do_v agree_v for_o usucapere_a est_fw-la capere_fw-la ex_fw-la usu_fw-la aut_fw-la possessione_n to_o take_v or_o acquire_v by_o use_n or_o possession_n but_o every_o possession_n be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v a_o possession_n as_o proprietar_n or_o for_o the_o possessor_n own_o use_n only_o so_o detention_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o name_n and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o another_o and_o for_o the_o possessor_n only_o in_o security_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o wodset_n can_v constitute_v property_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o usucapion_n
trust_n repose_v in_o he_o and_o the_o like_a hope_n of_o his_o issue_n patrene_n sequitur_fw-la sua_fw-la proles_fw-la it_o be_v at_o first_o so_o simple_o do_v that_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o vassal_n in_o possession_n in_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o peer_n be_v a_o sufficient_a constitution_n of_o his_o right_n and_o the_o investiture_n signify_v than_o not_o so_o much_o the_o act_n constitute_v as_o the_o write_v evidence_v the_o fee_n in_o the_o which_o case_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n it_o be_v consequent_a first_o that_o none_o shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o fee_n but_o such_o as_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o military_a service_n and_o so_o woman_n and_o their_o issue_n be_v utterlie_o exclude_v and_o all_o the_o male_n succeed_v equal_o 2._o in_o proper_a fee_n none_o can_v succeed_v but_o the_o lawful_a issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n who_o person_n and_o issue_n be_v special_o choose_v among_o which_o first_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o the_o vassal_n who_o die_v last_o infeft_v according_a to_o their_o nearness_n do_v succeed_v with_o the_o right_n of_o representation_n and_o so_o not_o per_fw-mi capita_fw-la but_o per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d next_o unto_o the_o descendants_n among_o the_o collaterall_n brother_n and_o their_o male_a issue_n and_o among_o these_o the_o brother_n german_n and_o their_o issue_n exclude_v the_o brother_n by_o one_o blood_n and_o after_o brother_n father_n brother_n and_o their_o male_a issue_n and_o so_o other_o agnat_n of_o the_o last_o decease_v be_v always_o of_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n which_o be_v extinct_a the_o fee_n cease_v and_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a not_o as_o the_o vassal_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o directum_fw-la dominium_fw-la which_o still_o remain_v in_o the_o superior_a in_o this_o course_n of_o feudall_n succession_n there_o can_v be_v no_o place_n to_o the_o vassal_n father_n or_o other_o ascendant_n because_o if_o the_o fee_n be_v a_o new_a fee_n or_o conquest_n by_o the_o son_n his_o father_n nor_o his_o brethren_n can_v not_o succeed_v as_o not_o be_v of_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o old_a fee_n not_o purchase_v by_o the_o son_n but_o whereunto_o he_o do_v succeed_v it_o do_v necessary_o presuppose_v the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n and_o other_o ascendant_n to_o who_o the_o son_n can_v not_o be_v heir_n nor_o succeed_v till_o they_o be_v dead_a but_o when_o by_o the_o course_n of_o time_n fee_n decline_v from_o the_o proper_a nature_n of_o ancient_a fee_n and_o the_o investiture_n do_v express_v the_o tenor_n and_o special_a nature_n thereof_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o investiture_n become_v the_o first_o rule_n of_o succession_n in_o such_o fee_n and_o come_v in_o place_n of_o the_o testament_n or_o will_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o see_v the_o vassal_n can_v not_o alter_v the_o succession_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a he_o can_v not_o effectual_o test_n thereupon_o 21._o in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o be_v not_o the_o express_a will_n of_o the_o vassal_n and_o superior_a by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o investiture_n be_v regulate_v by_o their_o conjecture_v will_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n so_o if_o the_o fee_n be_v original_o grant_v to_o a_o woman_n her_o issue_n 〈◊〉_d succeed_v as_o well_o as_o the_o male_a or_o if_o the_o reddendo_fw-la be_v not_o military_a service_n but_o money_n grain_n or_o service_n competent_a to_o a_o woman_n or_o manual_a service_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o choice_n of_o person_n as_o tilling_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o general_o fee_n hold_v blench_v or_o feu_n in_o all_o these_o woman_n may_v succeed_v because_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o service_n 2._o if_o the_o fee_n be_v grant_v to_o heir_n whatsoever_o not_o only_o do_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n but_o all_o other_o his_o lawful_a heir_n or_o the_o lawful_a heir_n of_o the_o last_o deceass_v vassal_n whether_o of_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n or_o not_o do_v succeed_v and_o now_o fee_n be_v ordinary_o acquire_v by_o sale_n excambion_n or_o the_o like_a onerous_a title_n feuda_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la 〈◊〉_d sunt_fw-la reducta_fw-la heir_n whatsoever_o be_v common_o express_v and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o they_o will_v be_v understand_v for_o that_o which_o be_v ordinar_n be_v presume_v 22._o but_o now_o custom_n have_v alter_v the_o course_n of_o feudall_n succession_n and_o give_v the_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n to_o the_o elder_a male_n of_o the_o near_a degree_n to_o the_o defunct_a vassal_n who_o exclude_v not_o only_o the_o female_n of_o that_o degree_n but_o the_o male_n also_o and_o their_o issue_n not_o only_o among_o we_o but_o in_o england_n france_n and_o most_o other_o nation_n and_o therefore_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o our_o own_o custom_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o consider_v the_o justice_n and_o expediency_n of_o this_o common_a custom_n in_o feudall_a succession_n the_o lawfulness_n of_o primogeniture_n will_v be_v easy_o evince_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o upon_o succession_n wherein_o the_o will_n of_o the_o proprietar_n be_v the_o rule_n even_o in_o equity_n and_o though_o he_o be_v natural_o oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o his_o own_o that_o personal_a obligation_n reatch_v he_o but_o not_o the_o inheritance_n nor_o do_v it_o oblige_v he_o to_o make_v these_o to_o succeed_v but_o to_o give_v they_o competent_a provision_n and_o therefore_o the_o judicial_a law_n which_o be_v the_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n evidence_v sufficient_o the_o lawfulness_n and_o in_o some_o case_n the_o expediency_n of_o alter_v the_o natural_a course_n of_o succession_n and_o therefore_o not_o only_o the_o male_a issue_n be_v thereby_o prefer_v to_o the_o female_a all_o the_o female_n be_v utter_o exclude_v but_o only_a daughter_n that_o the_o inheritance_n may_v remain_v within_o the_o tribe_n and_o the_o preference_n of_o male_n be_v because_o femole_n be_v less_o fit_v for_o management_n of_o land_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o have_v a_o portion_n which_o the_o judicial_a law_n call_v the_o dowry_n of_o virgin_n the_o expediency_n of_o primogeniture_n be_v partly_o public_a and_o partly_o private_a the_o public_a expediency_n be_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o great_a family_n remain_v entire_a and_o undivided_a they_o with_o their_o vassal_n and_o follower_n may_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v their_o country_n especial_o against_o sudden_a invasion_n for_o with_o we_o in_o france_n polland_n and_o many_o other_o place_n the_o great_a family_n be_v the_o bulwark_n of_o their_o country_n have_v 〈◊〉_d to_o maintain_v themselves_o and_o their_o follower_n for_o some_o time_n without_o stand_v army_n constant_a pay_n and_o subsidy_n the_o private_a expediency_n be_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o memory_n and_o dignity_n of_o family_n which_o by_o frequent_a division_n of_o the_o inheritance_n will_v become_v despicable_a or_o forget_v primogeniture_n take_v place_n in_o germany_n and_o france_n in_o proper_a fee_n like_v unto_o our_o ward-holdings_a but_o not_o in_o allodiall_n and_o land_n hold_v free_o or_o for_o cane_n or_o rent_n gudelinus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la novissimo_fw-la lib._n 2_o cap._n 13._o relate_v that_o in_o many_o of_o the_o german_a and_o french_a province_n the_o male_n get_v two_o three_o part_n and_o the_o female_n one_o in_o the_o other_o province_n the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n succeed_v in_o all_o the_o land_n the_o parent_n have_v during_o that_o marriage_n and_o so_o in_o order_n the_o child_n of_o after_o marriage_n and_o in_o other_o province_n and_o city_n the_o young_a son_n succee_v in_o all_o exclude_v the_o rest_n and_o general_o bastard_n be_v not_o admit_v even_o to_o the_o succession_n of_o their_o mother_n and_o in_o england_n though_o primogeniture_n have_v the_o prerogative_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o exception_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n where_o primogeniture_n have_v no_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o that_o custom_n be_v call_v the_o gaball_n kind_n of_o kent_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o give_v to_o all_o the_o kind_n the_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o germany_n be_v contrary_a in_o this_o that_o in_o germany_n parent_n come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n after_o descendants_n and_o exclude_v brother_n and_o sister_n and_o all_o other_o collaterall_n but_o in_o england_n parent_n do_v never_o succeed_v so_o if_o the_o defunct_a have_v no_o issue_n brother_n nor_o sister_n nor_o their_o issue_n the_o father_n brother_n succeed_v and_o exclud_v the_o father_n though_o his_o relation_n be_v by_o the_o father_n and_o much_o further_a distant_a than_o the_o father_n and_o it_o sometime_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o uncle_n succeed_v die_v without_o issue_n the_o father_n succeed_v his_o brother_n and_o so_o accidental_o and_o