the_o roman_a law_n and_o now_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o albeit_o there_o lie_v no_o tie_n of_o command_n upon_o we_o in_o spain_n to_o enforce_v a_o submission_n to_o it_o chap._n v._n the_o general_a admittance_n and_o use_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o foreign_a part_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o ourselves_o here_o in_o england_n i_o shall_v not_o travail_v any_o further_a to_o cite_v any_o more_o foreign_a testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n be_v general_o receive_v and_o practise_v by_o other_o nation_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o dr_n duck_n in_o his_o book_n have_v by_o variety_n of_o proof_n so_o sufficient_o make_v it_o good_a already_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o set_n down_o what_o some_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n have_v in_o their_o writing_n acknowledge_v to_o the_o very_a same_o purpose_n and_o those_o especial_o among_o the_o rest_n who_o interest_n and_o high_a valuation_n which_o they_o pass_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o their_o own_o country_n will_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o ascribe_v more_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n than_o the_o just_a truth_n will_v bear_v and_o it_o be_v most_o observable_a what_o king_n james_n himself_o the_o learnede_a of_o all_o modern_a prince_n say_v here_o in_o a_o speech_n make_v to_o no_o less_o solemn_a assembly_n than_o his_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o parliament_n 1609._o parliament_n 21._o martii_fw-la 1609._o which_o we_o have_v extant_a among_o his_o print_a work_n as_o a_o king_n say_v he_o i_o have_v least_o cause_n of_o any_o man_n to_o dislike_v the_o common-law_n for_o no_o law_n can_v be_v more_o favourable_a and_o advantageous_a for_o a_o king_n and_o extend_v further_o his_o prerogative_n than_o it_o do_v and_o for_o a_o king_n of_o england_n to_o despise_v the_o the_o common-law_n it_o be_v to_o neglect_v his_o own_o crown_n yet_o say_v he_o i_o do_v great_o esteem_v the_o civil_a law_n the_o profession_n thereof_o serve_v more_o for_o general_a learning_n and_o be_v most_o necessary_a for_o matter_n of_o treaty_n with_o all_o foreign_a nation_n and_o i_o think_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v away_o it_o will_v make_v a_o entry_n to_o barbarism_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o will_v blemish_v the_o honour_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n lex_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o maintain_v intercourse_n with_o all_o foreign_a nation_n but_o i_o only_o allow_v it_o to_o have_v course_n here_o according_a to_o those_o limit_n of_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o common-law_n itself_o do_v allow_v it_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o the_o general_a government_n of_o the_o people_n here_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v it_o shall_v be_v extinct_a no_o more_o then_o because_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v not_o the_o mother_n or_o radical_a language_n of_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n at_o this_o time_n that_o therefore_o the_o english_a tongue_n shall_v only_o now_o be_v learn_v in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v to_o bring_v in_o barbarism_n and_o in_o another_o speech_n in_o star-chamber_n 1616._o star-chamber_n 20_o jun._n 1616._o print_v also_o god_n forbid_v say_v he_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n intend_v thereby_o chief_o the_o civil_a law_n shall_v be_v bar_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o for_o two_o cause_n one_o because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n to_o satisfy_v stranger_n which_o will_v not_o hold_v themselves_o so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o other_o municipal_a law_n another_o to_o satisfy_v our_o own_o subject_n in_o matter_n of_o piracy_n marriage_n will_n and_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n and_o again_o when_o he_o be_v so_o mighty_o press_v to_o have_v have_v a_o union_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n under_o the_o same_o policy_n of_o law_n as_o they_o have_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o king_n in_o a_o speech_n make_v upon_o that_o subject_n 1607._o subject_n ult._n mart._n 1607._o extant_a in_o his_o print_a work_n he_o tell_v his_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n that_o in_o point_n of_o conjunction_n of_o nation_n the_o civil_a law_n ought_v to_o bear_v a_o great_a sway_n it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n these_o be_v the_o expression_n of_o a_o king_n the_o interest_n of_o who_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n and_o the_o prerogative_n thereunto_o belong_v do_v depend_v upon_o the_o favour_n of_o another_o law_n and_o yet_o he_o positive_o and_o in_o downright_a term_n in_o the_o face_n of_o all_o his_o people_n avow_v the_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o that_o all_o transaction_n of_o treaty_n and_o of_o trade_n with_o foreign_a nation_n be_v dispatch_v by_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o authority_n thereof_o be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o esteem_n of_o stranger_n that_o they_o will_v rest_v satisfy_v therewith_o when_o no_o municipal_a law_n can_v satisfy_v they_o but_o in_o that_o he_o aver_v also_o that_o when_o the_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v exterminate_v that_o law_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v when_o the_o practice_n thereof_o be_v quite_o take_v away_o or_o thrust_v into_o a_o poor_a narrow_a compass_n their_o honour_n will_v be_v obscure_v and_o they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v overrun_v with_o barbarism_n it_o be_v never_o so_o well_o worth_a the_o observe_n as_o at_o this_o present_a time_n and_o it_o clear_o show_v that_o wise_a and_o learned_a king_n do_v perfect_o understand_v the_o true_a use_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o as_o the_o language_n thereof_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v learning_n which_o do_v civilize_v &_o soften_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n so_o there_o be_v no_o sort_n of_o learning_n with_o the_o which_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o do_v not_o correspond_v and_o participate_v but_o above_o all_o it_o do_v afford_v more_o and_o better_a rule_n for_o civil_a live_n and_o orderly_a conversation_n among_o man_n and_o for_o righteous_a deal_n each_o with_o other_o than_o any_o other_o study_n or_o learning_n whatsoever_o but_o this_o practice_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o foreign_a part_n be_v yet_o better_o confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o study_v and_o profess_v the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v be_v always_o jealous_a of_o the_o rise_n and_o growth_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o nation_n for_o though_o they_o have_v desire_v to_o keep_v it_o low_o here_o for_o what_o reason_n i_o need_v not_o mention_v yet_o some_o of_o they_o have_v free_o enough_o own_v how_o much_o it_o be_v in_o use_n and_o practice_v in_o other_o country_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a to_o the_o queen_n set_v before_o his_o maxim_n of_o law_n after_o he_o have_v tell_v the_o queen_n that_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n do_v glorious_o and_o yet_o apt_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n proprium_fw-la &_o sanctissimum_fw-la templum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la consecratum_fw-la a_o true_a and_o a_o most_o sacred_a temple_n consecrate_v unto_o justice_n he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o great_a excellency_n indeed_o as_o may_v well_o appear_v in_o that_o france_n italy_n and_o spain_n who_o have_v long_o since_o shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v yet_o nevertheless_o continue_v to_o use_v the_o policy_n of_o that_o law_n my_o lord_n ellesmere_n chancellor_n of_o england_n as_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o his_o speech_n of_o the_o postnati_n do_v express_o deliver_v that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o most_o universal_a and_o general_a law_n in_o the_o world_n sir_n john_n fortescue_n himself_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o afterward_o lord_n chancellor_n in_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_n day_n in_o his_o book_n wherein_o he_o do_v so_o high_o magnify_v and_o commend_v the_o law_n england_n above_o the_o civil_a law_n yet_o he_o can_v say_v 9_o say_v de_fw-fr laud._n legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ca._n 9_o that_o civiles_fw-la supra_fw-la humanas_fw-la cunctas_fw-la leges_fw-la alius_fw-la fama_fw-la per_fw-la orbem_fw-la extollit_fw-la gloriosa_fw-la the_o civil_a law_n throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v advance_v in_o glory_n and_o renown_n above_o all_o other_o man_n law_n fulbeck_n also_o another_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n and_o of_o great_a learning_n do_v agree_v with_o the_o former_a in_o these_o word_n reader_n word_n in_o his_o parallel_n part_n 1._o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o roman_a law_n say_v he_o in_o the_o time_n of_o arcadius_n theodosius_n and_o justinian_n recover_v their_o strength_n and_o shine_v to_o all_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o europe_n as_o the_o sun_n to_o all_o the_o climate_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v for_o their_o worthiness_n and_o necessary_a use_n and_o employment_n receive_v entertainment_n countenance_n and_o great_a reward_n of_o emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n likewise_o mr_n selden_n a_o graduate_n in_o the_o common-law_n but_o a_o
lib._n &_o postum_fw-la haered_a inst_z well_fw-mi exhaer_v de_fw-fr exhaered_a lib._n de_fw-fr inoffic_n testam_fw-la be_v not_o capable_a to_o receive_v any_o practical_a use_n or_o application_n in_o those_o territory_n again_o the_o great_a punishment_n that_o the_o roman_n inflict_v upon_o simple_a theft_n be_v to_o pay_v fourfold_a where_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v in_o the_o act_n itself_o or_o at_o least_o see_v and_o cry_v out_o upon_o before_o he_o get_v out_o of_o sight_n 58._o sight_n culac_n lib._n 11._o ob_n 58._o or_o if_o otherwise_o the_o theft_n be_v not_o so_o manifest_a to_o pay_v double_a the_o value_n of_o that_o which_o he_o steal_v and_o the_o reparation_n be_v make_v only_o to_o the_o party_n damnify_v and_o if_o there_o be_v divers_a person_n take_v or_o discover_v to_o be_v actor_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o theft_n they_o all_o undergo_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o penalty_n among_o they_o yet_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v sue_v for_o the_o whole_a furt_n whole_a l._n 21._o parag_n 9_o dig._n the_o furt_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v not_o only_a theft_n privy_o to_o take_v and_o carry_v away_o something_o that_o be_v another_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o defraud_v he_o of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v a_o theft_n also_o when_o one_o that_o have_v lend_v money_n upon_o a_o pawn_n do_v employ_v the_o pawn_n to_o any_o private_a use_n of_o his_o own_o or_o when_o one_o that_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o any_o thing_n for_o i_o do_v use_n or_o wear_v it_o himself_o or_o when_o one_o have_v borrow_v a_o thing_n of_o i_o for_o a_o certain_a use_n and_o he_o do_v otherwise_o employ_v it_o or_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o he_o detain_v it_o long_o or_o carry_v it_o whither_o he_o shall_v not_o and_o further_o than_o he_o promise_v to_o do_v delict_n do_v l._n si_fw-mi pignore_fw-la 54._o dig._n de_fw-fr furt_n parag_v furtum_fw-la autem_fw-la just_a de_fw-fr oblige_n quae_fw-la ex_fw-la delict_n howbeit_o though_o justinian_n will_v not_o have_v any_o theft_n punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n autem_fw-la member_n novel_a 134._o ca._n fin_n vers_fw-la pro_fw-la furto_fw-la autem_fw-la yet_o he_o leave_v high-way-man_n and_o breaker_n into_o house_n and_o pirate_n at_o sea_n to_o be_v chastise_v by_o death_n sicar_n death_n ca._n ult._n no._n 134._o l._n dig._n ad_fw-la l._n cornel._n the_o sicar_n for_o such_o act_n as_o these_o be_v account_v more_o than_o theft_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o for_o want_v of_o ability_n to_o make_v pecuniary_a reparation_n he_o will_v have_v all_o thief_n punish_v at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n paen_fw-la discretion_n l._n ult_n dig._n the_o furt_n l._n 1._o parag_v generaliter_fw-la dig._n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la corporal_o not_o capitally_a sure_o then_o in_o a_o case_n of_o simple_a theft_n it_o be_v very_o improper_a to_o bring_v into_o argument_n or_o to_o cite_v any_o text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n de_fw-fr furtis_fw-la in_o any_o state_n or_o country_n when_o theft_n be_v look_v upon_o rather_o as_o a_o public_a crime_n then_o as_o a_o private_a injury_n and_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n itself_o without_o any_o satisfaction_n make_v to_o the_o party_n likewise_o slavery_n as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o roman_n not_o well_o suit_v with_o christian_a religion_n which_o look_v upon_o all_o man_n alike_o proceed_v from_o one_o common_a parent_n and_o create_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n be_v in_o all_o christian_a nation_n wear_v out_o and_o abolish_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v against_o christian_a charity_n and_o that_o brotherly_a communion_n which_o we_o stand_v oblige_v by_o to_o one_o another_o to_o exercise_v such_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o any_o that_o nature_n and_o religion_n have_v make_v our_o equal_n those_o hard_a and_o severe_a law_n of_o servitude_n therefore_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n whereby_o slave_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o participation_n of_o any_o civil_a right_n whatsoever_o ju_n whatsoever_o l._n 32._o dig._n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la ju_n and_o can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o marry_v nor_o have_v any_o estate_n of_o their_o own_o nor_o bring_v any_o action_n or_o complaint_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o as_o to_o civil_a communion_n be_v account_v as_o plain_o dead_a jur_fw-fr dead_a l._n 209._o dig._n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr want_v in_o a_o christian_a commonwealth_n that_o subject_a matter_n for_o which_o they_o be_v first_o ordain_v they_o must_v needs_o fail_v also_o of_o their_o use_n and_o vigour_n and_o be_v esteem_v incongruous_a and_o improper_a there_o these_o and_o such_o like_a instance_n do_v show_v that_o the_o law_n of_o a_o nation_n must_v necessary_o be_v fit_v to_o the_o government_n of_o it_o and_o to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o such_o affair_n as_o they_o use_v to_o deal_v in_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o civil_a law_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o peculiar_a law_n proper_a to_o each_o nation_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o steer_v and_o carry_v on_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o every_o nation_n so_o differ_v from_o and_o as_o i_o may_v say_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o roman_a but_o what_o be_v a_o few_o instance_n of_o law_n abrogate_a or_o out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o sometime_o but_o in_o part_n neither_o and_o which_o chief_o refer_v to_o public_a government_n to_o a_o whole_a body_n of_o justice_n both_o distributive_a and_o commutative_a which_o that_o law_n comprehend_v and_o take_v in_o chap._n vii_o no_o municipal_a law_n be_v sufficient_a to_o meet_v with_o the_o multitude_n and_o variety_n of_o case_n and_o question_n that_o will_v happen_v at_o land_n at_o sea_n and_o in_o foreign_a part_n which_o have_v cause_v so_o many_o nation_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o it_o be_v proper_a and_o pertinent_a to_o their_o affair_n to_o join_v with_o and_o help_v their_o own_o rather_o then_o to_o be_v without_o any_o law_n at_o all_o and_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o mischief_n of_o arbitrariness_n folly_n and_o violence_n it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o adhere_v and_o stand_v to_o the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o law_n and_o in_o no_o case_n to_o admit_v of_o any_o other_o rule_n either_o of_o civil_a law_n or_o acute_a reason_n against_o that_o which_o their_o own_o national_a law_n have_v declare_v and_o direct_v to_o be_v do_v fin_n do_v ne_n judicibus_fw-la contra_fw-la leges_fw-la judicare_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la in_o republica_fw-la probatis_fw-la ac_fw-la susceptis_fw-la disputare_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la bodin_n de_fw-fr rep_n lib._n 1._o ca._n 10._o in_o fin_n but_o than_o it_o be_v visible_a to_o every_o discern_a eye_n that_o the_o law_n that_o be_v make_v be_v oft_o time_n draw_v so_o short_a and_o put_v into_o such_o obscure_a and_o ambiguous_a term_n that_o it_o be_v but_o requisite_a some_o other_o law_n or_o rule_n shall_v be_v find_v out_o to_o supply_v clear_a and_o explain_v they_o and_o every_o where_o the_o body_n of_o the_o municipal_a constitution_n appear_v so_o narrow_a and_o slender_a and_o comprehend_v so_o little_a that_o the_o number_n of_o case_n that_o be_v express_o resolve_v by_o law_n be_v not_o by_o many_o degree_n comparable_a to_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o do_v frequent_o and_o almost_o daily_o happen_v wherein_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v not_o make_v any_o decision_n at_o all_o sir_n john_n davis_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v not_o stick_v to_o acknowledge_v this_o to_o be_v most_o true_a in_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n though_o in_o his_o praise_n of_o it_o he_o set_v it_o above_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o world_n beside_o for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o rule_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n be_v a_o thousand_o time_n as_o many_o as_o they_o be_v indeed_o yet_o will_v they_o carry_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o 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