nuper_fw-la defuncti_fw-la ut_fw-la animos_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o svi_fw-la promotionem_fw-la accenderet_fw-la &_o amorem_fw-la ut_fw-la illum_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la susciperent_fw-la &_o patronum_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v general_o answer_v that_o if_o he_o with_o a_o willing_a mind_n will_v grant_v and_o by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v to_o they_o illas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la which_o their_o ancestor_n enjoy_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o ipsum_fw-la consentirent_fw-la &_o in_fw-la regem_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la consecrarent_fw-la henry_n willing_o grant_v this_o and_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o will_v perform_v it_o consecratus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la at_o westm._n upon_o lady_n day_n favente_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o so_o forthwith_o he_o be_v crown_v by_o maurice_n bishop_n of_o london_n and_o thomas_n archbishop_n of_o york_n after_o such_o his_o coronation_n he_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o people_n a_o charter_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o charter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v in_o that_o industrious_a revivor_n and_o restorer_n of_o decay_a and_o forget_v antiquity_n 1213._o mr._n lambard_n as_o also_o in_o matth._n paris_n where_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n baron_n earl_n viscount_n or_o sheriff_n &_o optimates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v witness_n to_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o at_o the_o coronation_n 3._o of_o the_o king_n those_o law_n be_v make_v de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la by_o the_o common_a advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o succeed_a age_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o our_o english_a king_n to_o confirm_v make_v and_o ordain_v law_n de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n i_o shall_v from_o hence_o observe_v two_o thing_n 1._o that_o these_o law_n be_v grant_v and_o confirm_v assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la there_o be_v a_o clear_a difference_n between_o barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o 176._o those_o law_n and_o elsewhere_o for_o the_o k._n say_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o those_o first_o phrase_n mr._n camden_n will_v 61._o tell_v we_o nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la quodammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continentur_fw-la and_o so_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o be_v there_o and_o assent_v to_o those_o law_n 2._o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it angliae_fw-la congregatis_fw-la we_o read_v king_n stephen_n assensu_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la cotton_n electus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominum_fw-la papam_fw-la confirmatus_fw-la 10_o h._n 2._o congregato_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o fitz-stephens_n generali_fw-la concilio_n the_o king_n make_v the_o assize_n or_o statute_n of_o clarendon_n which_o council_n the_o learned_a selden_n call_v a_o full_a sigilli_fw-la parliament_n king_n john_n be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la anno_fw-la 50_o h._n 3._o per_fw-la providentiam_fw-la cardinalis_fw-la 57_o mean_v the_o pope_n legate_n apud_fw-la kenilworth_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la convocantur_fw-la which_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n thus_o confirm_v the_o king_n a_o le_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr honourable_a 12._o pier_n sire_n ottobon_n legat_n d'engleterre_fw-fr son_fw-fr parliament_n eust_fw-fr summons_n à _fw-fr kenilworth_n where_o the_o statute_n or_o dictum_fw-la de_fw-fr kenilworth_n be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o communante_n or_o parliament_n rex_fw-la primo_fw-la postmodum_fw-la 1._o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la quod_fw-la dictum_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la observarent_fw-la thus_o have_v i_o at_o length_n i_o hope_v full_o ascertain_v and_o explain_v the_o historian_n phrase_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la and_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o parliament_n from_o the_o pat._n roll_n of_o h._n 3._o yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o lord_n temporal_a only_a be_v the_o populus_fw-la nor_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a the_o clerus_fw-la for_o i_o agree_v with_o dr._n heylyn_n that_o 189._o there_o be_v no_o record_n either_o of_o history_n or_o law_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o which_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la serve_v to_o signify_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n exclusive_a of_o the_o other_o clergy_n or_o any_o writing_n whatsoever_o wherein_o it_o do_v not_o either_o signify_v the_o whole_a clergy_n general_o or_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n only_o exclusive_a of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n and_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la follow_v clerus_fw-la be_v thema_fw-la universale_fw-la in_o significando_fw-la and_o comprehend_v as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o lord_n and_o indeed_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o historian_n speak_v it_o william_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n stephen_n and_o king_n john_n be_v to_o be_v elect_v and_o create_v king_n of_o england_n have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a then_o and_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o precedent_n of_o other_o country_n in_o like_a case_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tangit_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la approbari_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o so_o be_v the_o solemn_a resolution_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n 40_o e._n 3._o 78._o that_o neither_o king_n john_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n or_o people_n of_o england_n into_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n or_o as_o the_o parliament_n 29_o h._n 3._o declare_v 197._o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o malmesbury_n say_v in_o vita_fw-la 56._o willielmi_n primi_fw-la absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la but_o now_o to_o close_v the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o i_o will_v out_o of_o that_o excellent_a historian_n matthew_n paris_n transcribe_v the_o anglos_n oration_n or_o speech_n of_o that_o king_n to_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n then_o claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o ready_a to_o invade_v this_o nation_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o speech_n of_o the_o king_n the_o learned_a monk_n thus_o deliver_v to_o we_o magnatibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la regni_fw-la ob_fw-la hoc_fw-la dorso_fw-la londoniam_fw-la edicto_fw-la regio_fw-la convocatis_fw-la rex_fw-la talibus_fw-la alloquiis_fw-la mell_v &_o favum_fw-la oleumque_fw-la mellitis_fw-la &_o mollitis_fw-la blandiens_fw-la dixit_fw-la amici_n &_o fideles_fw-la mei_fw-la indigenae_fw-la ac_fw-la naturales_fw-la nostis_fw-la veraci_fw-la sama_n referente_fw-la qualiter_fw-la frater_fw-la meus_fw-la robertus_fw-la electus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la deum_fw-la vocatus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la hierosolymitanum_n foeliciter_fw-la gubernandum_fw-la &_o quam_fw-la frontosè_fw-la illud_fw-la infoeliciter_fw-la refutaverit_fw-la merito_fw-la propterea_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la reprobandus_fw-la nostis_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la superbiam_fw-la &_o ferocitatem_fw-la illius_fw-la quia_fw-la vir_fw-la bellicosus_fw-la pacis_fw-la impatiens_fw-la est_fw-la vosque_fw-la scienter_fw-la quasi_fw-la contemptibiles_fw-la &_o quos_fw-la desides_fw-la vocat_fw-la &_o glutones_fw-la conculcare_fw-la desiderat_fw-la ego_fw-la vero_fw-la rex_fw-la humilis_fw-la &_o pacificus_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o pace_n in_o antiquis_fw-la vestris_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la prout_fw-la crebrius_fw-la jurejur_fw-la ando_fw-la promisi_fw-la gestio_fw-la confovere_fw-la &_o vestris_fw-la inclinando_fw-la consiliis_fw-la consultius_fw-la ac_fw-la mitius_fw-la more_fw-it mansueti_fw-la principis_fw-la sapienter_fw-la gubernare_fw-la &_o super_fw-la his_o si_fw-la provideritis_fw-la scripta_fw-la subarata_fw-la roborate_v &_o iteratis_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praedicta_fw-la certissime_fw-la confirmare_fw-la omne_fw-la videlicer_n quae_fw-la sanctus_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la deo_fw-la inspirante_fw-la providè_fw-la sancivit_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la jubeo_fw-la observari_fw-la ut_fw-la mecum_fw-la fideliter_fw-la stantes_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la immò_fw-la &_o mei_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la hostess_fw-la cruentissimi_fw-la injurias_fw-la potenter_fw-la animose_n ac_fw-la voluntary_a propulsetis_fw-la si_fw-mi enim_fw-la fortitudine_fw-la anglorum_fw-la roborer_n inane_n normannorum_fw-la minas_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la censeo_fw-la formidandas_fw-la talibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la promissis_fw-la quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o sine_fw-la impudenter_fw-la violavit_fw-la omnium_fw-la corda_fw-la sibi_fw-la inclinavit_fw-la ut_fw-la pro_fw-la ipso_fw-la contra_fw-la quemlibet_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la capitis_fw-la expositionem_fw-la dimicarent_fw-la this_o speech_n to_o i_o be_v another_o strong_a confirmation_n and_o argument_n against_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o it_o be_v luce_n clarius_fw-la 1._o that_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n jure_fw-la victoris_fw-la 2._o that_o the_o english_a be_v not_o total_o subdue_v and_o destroy_v by_o his_o
make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n concern_v marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v other_o thing_n ad_fw-la concordiam_fw-la publicam_fw-la promovendam_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 3._o and_o we_o read_v elsewhere_o 1._o that_o the_o grand_a league_n and_o union_n between_o the_o briton_n saxon_n and_o pict_n be_v conclude_v and_o confirm_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la &_o per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la 4._o anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o plegmundus_n 75._o cantuar._n archiepiscopus_fw-la unacum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la concilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la in_o provincia_n gewisorum_n in_o illa_fw-la parte_fw-la angliae_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o plaga_fw-la australi_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la fluminis_fw-la thamesis_n convocant_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la salubriter_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la synodo_fw-la ut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la quorum_fw-la unus_fw-la wintoniae_fw-la alter_fw-la sireburniae_fw-la sedem_fw-la habuit_fw-la quinque_fw-la crearentur_fw-la antistites_fw-la ne_fw-la grex_fw-la domini_fw-la pastorum_fw-la cura_fw-la orbatus_fw-la luporum_fw-la lanienae_fw-la &_o voracitati_fw-la subjicerentur_fw-la and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o law_n then_o make_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n 24._o express_v the_o saxon_a wittena_n gemott_n thus_o generalis_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventus_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n convenere_fw-la 261._o regni_fw-la principes_fw-la tam_fw-la episcopi_fw-la quam_fw-la magistratus_fw-la liberique_fw-la homines_fw-la consulitur_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la salute_n the_o pace_n &_o bello_fw-la &_o de_fw-la utilitate_fw-la publica_fw-la promovenda_fw-la camden_n thus_o quod_fw-la saxones_n 63._o olim_fw-la wittena_n gemot_n nos_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la &_o pananglicum_fw-la recte_fw-la dici_fw-la possit_fw-la summamque_fw-la &_o sacrosanctam_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o legibus_fw-la ferendis_fw-la confirmandis_fw-la antiquandis_fw-la interpretandis_fw-la &_o in_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la salutem_fw-la spectant_fw-la and_o so_o we_o find_v edward_n the_o confessor_n reform_v and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o make_v new_a one_o and_o that_o do_v à _fw-la rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o 139._o populo_fw-la as_o particular_o in_o the_o law_n de_fw-fr apibus_fw-la how_o tithe_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v of_o they_o and_o other_o thing_n hence_o it_o be_v apparent_a and_o past_a all_o contradiction_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o those_o age_n be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n by_o which_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v and_o that_o 237._o the_o law_n be_v then_o the_o golden_a metwand_n and_o rule_n which_o measure_v out_o and_o allow_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o when_o obstruct_v or_o deny_v to_o either_o make_v the_o kingdom_n deform_v and_o leprous_a that_o great_a monarch_n aethelstan_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o law_n make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la thus_o declare_v and_o admit_v ea_fw-la mihi_fw-la vos_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la 841._o comparatis_fw-la velim_fw-la quae_fw-la just_a ac_fw-la legitime_fw-la parare_fw-la possitis_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la mihi_fw-la ad_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la usum_fw-la quicquam_fw-la injust_a acquiri_fw-la cupiverim_fw-la etenim_fw-la cum_fw-la ea_fw-la ego_fw-la vobis_fw-la lege_fw-la vestra_fw-la omne_fw-la benign_a largitus_fw-la sim_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la mihi_fw-la vos_fw-la itidem_fw-la concedatis_fw-la i_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o danish_a government_n because_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v any_o great_a mutation_n either_o of_o the_o council_n or_o law_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n it_o be_v true_a king_n knute_n obtain_v the_o diadem_n or_o dominion_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v as_o true_a he_o do_v not_o govern_v more_fw-mi victoris_fw-la as_o may_v evident_o be_v prove_v 1._o from_o 〈◊〉_d the_o form_n of_o pen_v his_o law_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o confirm_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la word_n of_o a_o large_a comprehension_n 2._o from_o his_o general_a law_n or_o declaration_n of_o right_a to_o the_o english_a thus_o deliver_v to_o we_o by_o a_o faithful_a historian_n william_n of_o 16._o malmesbury_n who_o live_v near_o those_o time_n obtestor_n &_o praecipio_fw-la meis_fw-la consiliariis_fw-la quibus_fw-la regni_fw-la consilia_fw-la credidi_fw-la ne_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la aut_fw-la propter_fw-la meum_fw-la timorem_fw-la aut_fw-la alicujus_fw-la potentis_fw-la personae_fw-la favorem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la injustitiam_fw-la amodò_fw-la consentiant_fw-la vel_fw-la faciant_fw-la pullulare_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la regno_fw-la meo_fw-la praecipio_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la &_o praepositis_fw-la universis_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la sicut_fw-la meam_fw-la volunt_fw-la habere_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la aut_fw-la svam_fw-la salutem_fw-la ut_fw-la nulli_fw-la homini_fw-la nec_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vim_o injustam_fw-la inferant_fw-la sed_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ignobilibus_fw-la sit_fw-la fas_fw-la justa_fw-la lege_fw-la potiundi_fw-la à _fw-la qua_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la favorem_fw-la regium_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la alicujus_fw-la potentis_fw-la personam_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la mihi_fw-la congerendam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la deviant_fw-la quia_fw-la nulla_fw-la mihi_fw-la necessitas_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la iniqua_fw-la exactione_n pecunia_fw-la mihi_fw-la congeratur_fw-la after_o which_o the_o historian_n say_v omnes_fw-la 21._o enim_fw-la leges_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la regibus_fw-la &_o maxim_n ab_fw-la antecessore_fw-la svo_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la latas_fw-la sub_fw-la interminatione_fw-la regiae_n mulctae_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la observari_fw-la praecepit_fw-la in_fw-la quarum_fw-la custodia_fw-la etiam_fw-la nunc_fw-la tempore_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la juratur_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la statuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la observaverit_fw-la 3._o under_o the_o norman_n king_n william_n the_o first_o though_o william_n the_o conqueror_n get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o introduce_v several_a arbitrary_a law_n as_o new_a tenor_n etc._n etc._n yet_o do_v he_o never_o make_v such_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n nor_o do_v the_o kingdom_n receive_v so_o universal_a a_o change_n as_o our_o english_a modern_a author_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o general_a confederacy_n without_o examination_n of_o truth_n have_v publish_v to_o the_o world_n who_o father_n upon_o this_o revolution_n all_o the_o alteration_n which_o their_o conceit_n or_o fancy_n can_v imagine_v and_o suppose_v thucydides_n 1._o say_v man_n receive_v the_o report_n of_o thing_n though_o of_o their_o own_o country_n if_o do_v before_o their_o time_n all_o alike_o from_o one_o as_o from_o another_o without_o any_o examination_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v those_o our_o historian_n be_v mistake_v by_o transcribe_v and_o patch_v out_o their_o history_n one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n with_o their_o own_o addition_n or_o comment_n truth_n in_o many_o thing_n be_v utter_o lose_v 1._o the_o word_n conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n do_v not_o in_o that_o age_n import_n or_o signify_v what_o our_o late_a author_n by_o flattery_n have_v since_o make_v it_o nor_o do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o nation_n after_o that_o william_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n against_o harold_n there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o the_o denomination_n of_o conqueror_n than_o that_o after_o william_n have_v make_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o harold_n oppose_v he_o he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v his_o right_n by_o battle_n against_o king_n harold_n and_o as_o to_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la or_o conquest_n mat._n paris_n write_v 〈◊〉_d rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legavit_fw-la willielmo_n bastardo_fw-la duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n 〈…〉_z in_o his_o glossary_n say_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la i._n e._n acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v non_fw-la quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la and_o sir_n john_n skene_n clerk_n of_o the_o register_n council_n and_o roll_n to_o king_n james_n in_o scotland_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n pag._n 39_o write_v conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la and_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la vel_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o learned_a knight_n sir_n roger_n twiâ—den_n who_o well_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la in_o his_o preface_n before_o that_o king_n law_n say_v non_fw-la existimo_fw-la lamberdum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la primum_fw-la de_fw-la omnium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la terris_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la in_o
modum_fw-la absolutae_fw-la dominationis_fw-la disposuisse_fw-la all_o which_o be_v most_o plain_a and_o justify_v infallible_o by_o doomsday_n book_n make_v in_o that_o 4â—_n king_n reign_n and_o in_o other_o subsequent_a record_n where_o the_o title_n and_o claim_n of_o many_o common_a person_n to_o their_o own_o and_o ancestor_n possession_n both_o in_o his_o time_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n be_v clear_o allow_v but_o if_o king_n william_n have_v make_v a_o absolute_a and_o universal_a conquest_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o modern_a sense_n how_o can_v such_o title_n have_v hold_v or_o who_o will_v or_o dare_v have_v make_v such_o claim_n even_o against_o the_o king_n himself_o will_v he_o not_o have_v seize_v all_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o grant_v the_o conquer_a land_n to_o other_o and_o his_o grant_n can_v not_o have_v be_v avoid_v by_o any_o englishman_n who_o have_v the_o inheritance_n and_o possession_n and_o live_v in_o peace_n before_o and_o at_o his_o come_n in_o and_o no_o title_n can_v be_v derive_v but_o from_o or_o under_o he_o at_o lest_o none_o can_v have_v be_v maintain_v against_o his_o grant_n but_o that_o the_o contrary_n be_v true_a will_v evident_o appear_v if_o we_o consider_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o doomsday_n book_n that_o king_n william_n have_v certain_a land_n in_o demesne_n viz._n the_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o entitle_v terrae_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o other_o land_n which_o be_v forfeit_v to_o he_o by_o those_o who_o take_v part_n with_o harold_n entitle_v terrae_fw-la regis_fw-la 2._o william_n the_o first_o have_v give_v away_o sharnborn_a britan._n in_o norfolk_n to_o warren_n a_o great_a favourite_n one_o of_o his_o norman_n edwinus_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnborn_n be_v a_o englishman_n and_o true_a owner_n of_o the_o estate_n demand_v his_o right_n in_o open_a court_n before_o the_o king_n upon_o this_o reason_n of_o law_n that_o he_o never_o be_v against_o the_o king_n either_o before_o or_o after_o he_o come_v in_o whereupon_o the_o king_n vinculo_fw-la juramenti_fw-la astrictus_fw-la give_v judgement_n of_o right_n against_o the_o norman_a and_o sharnborn_a recover_v the_o lordship_n sir_n 184._o henry_n spelman_n out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n concern_v the_o family_n of_o the_o sharnborns_n in_o norfolk_n have_v it_o thus_o edwinus_fw-la de_fw-la sharborne_n &_o quidam_fw-la alii_fw-la qui_fw-la ejecti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la è_fw-la terris_fw-la suis_fw-la abierunt_fw-la ad_fw-la conquestorem_fw-la &_o dixerunt_fw-la ei_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la nec_fw-la post_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la in_o consilio_fw-la &_o auxilio_fw-la sed_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la se_fw-la in_o pace_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la parati_fw-la sunt_fw-la probare_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la vellet_fw-la ordinare_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la fecit_fw-la inquiri_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la si_fw-la ita_fw-la fuit_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la probatum_fw-la fuit_fw-la propter_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la praecepit_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la sic_fw-la se_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o pace_n in_o forma_fw-la praedicta_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la rehaberent_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o dominationes_fw-la svas_fw-la adeo_fw-la integre_n &_o in_o pace_n ut_fw-la unquam_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la vel_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la suum_fw-la this_o be_v cite_v almost_o as_o the_o only_a case_n or_o act_v of_o favour_n the_o conqueror_n do_v but_o that_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o many_o other_o instance_n i_o can_v give_v of_o this_o nature_n all_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o right_n as_o appear_v in_o doomsday_n book_n much_o more_o may_v be_v say_v upon_o this_o subject_n i_o will_v only_o add_v the_o judicious_a assertion_n of_o a_o great_a lawyer_n and_o judge_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n admit_v and_o agree_v as_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o truth_n by_o the_o judge_n and_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n le_fw-fr conqueror_n say_v he_o ne_fw-fr 2._o vient_fw-fr pas_fw-fr pour_fw-fr ouster_n eux_fw-fr qui_fw-fr avoient_fw-fr droiturell_n possession_n mes_fw-fr de_fw-fr ouster_n eux_fw-fr que_fw-fr de_fw-fr lour_v tort_fw-fr avoient_fw-fr occupy_v ascun_fw-fr terre_fw-fr en_fw-fr desheritance_n del_fw-it roy_n &_o son_n corone_n it_o be_v speak_v upon_o a_o objection_n make_v in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o the_o abbot_n of_o peterborough_n concern_v a_o charter_n grant_v by_o king_n edgar_n to_o that_o abbey_n which_o the_o king_n council_n will_v have_v avoid_v upon_o this_o pretence_n for_o want_n of_o a_o better_a because_o by_o the_o conquest_n all_o franchise_n be_v devolve_v and_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n 2._o king_n william_n claim_v the_o english_a diadem_n jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la from_o edward_n the_o 26_o confessor_n which_o both_o his_o own_o law_n charter_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o his_o two_o son_n william_n and_o henry_n do_v full_o prove_v there_o be_v some_o indeed_o that_o mention_n that_o he_o obtain_v the_o crown_n ore_fw-la gladii_fw-la but_o that_o must_v be_v understand_v quod_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_fw-la contra_fw-la harolaum_n ipse_fw-la acquisivit_fw-la as_o a_o manuscript_n historian_n say_v meipsum_fw-la 3._o he_o do_v not_o make_v a_o actual_a conquest_n by_o his_o arm_n when_o he_o come_v in_o of_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o pope_n have_v send_v he_o a_o consecrate_a banner_n and_o a_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n against_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n if_o they_o oppose_v he_o in_o adhere_v to_o king_n harold_n and_o he_o have_v get_v the_o victory_n at_o hastings_n and_o the_o clergy_n with_o several_a of_o the_o nobility_n who_o he_o have_v purchase_v to_o his_o part_n both_o by_o money_n and_o great_a assurance_n of_o preferment_n and_o other_o advantage_n base_o and_o treacherous_o desert_v edgar_n etheling_n a_o soft_a and_o weak_a prince_n yet_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n at_o length_n upon_o william_n declare_v that_o he_o will_v confirm_v the_o law_n of_o saint_n edward_n he_o be_v electus_fw-la à _fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o with_o all_o the_o ceremony_n and_o solemnity_n then_o in_o use_n be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n the_o whole_a nation_n submit_v to_o he_o but_o hear_v what_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n say_v londoniam_fw-la convenientibus_fw-la 〈…〉_z francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la ad_fw-la nativitatem_fw-la domini_fw-la illisque_fw-la omnibus_fw-la concedentibus_fw-la coronam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o dominationem_fw-la suscepit_fw-la die_fw-la 〈…〉_z ordinationi_fw-la decreto_fw-la locutus_fw-la ad_fw-la anglos_n condecenti_fw-la sermone_fw-la eborac_n archiepiscopus_fw-la sapiens_fw-la bone_fw-la eloquens_fw-la a_o consentirent_fw-la eum_fw-la sibi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coronari_fw-la inquisivit_fw-la protestati_fw-la sunt_fw-la hilarem_fw-la consensum_fw-la universi_fw-la minime_fw-la haesitantes_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la coelitus_fw-la unâ_fw-la ment_fw-la datâ_fw-la unâque_fw-la voce_fw-la anglorum_fw-la voluntati_fw-la quam_fw-la facillime_fw-la normanni_n consonuerunt_fw-la sermocinato_fw-la apud_fw-la eos_fw-la aâ—_n sententiam_fw-la percunctato_fw-la à _fw-la constantini_n praesule_fw-la sic_fw-la electum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la imposuit_fw-la ei_fw-la diadema_fw-la ipsumque_fw-la regio_fw-la solio_fw-la etc._n etc._n ante_fw-la altar_n s._n petri_n apostoli_fw-la 〈…〉_z coram_fw-la ciero_n &_o populo_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la promittens_fw-la se_fw-la velle_fw-la sanctas_fw-la dei_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la &_o rectores_fw-la illarum_fw-la defendere_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o cunctum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la subjectum_fw-la just_a &_o regali_fw-la providentia_fw-la regere_fw-la rectam_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicere_fw-la exacto_fw-la b._n prius_fw-la coram_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la modeste_fw-la erga_fw-la subditos_fw-la ageret_fw-la &_o aequo_fw-la jure_fw-la anglos_n &_o francos_fw-la tractaret_fw-la pursuant_n to_o all_o which_o and_o to_o fix_v himself_o more_o sure_o in_o that_o his_o new-got_a chair_n of_o sovereignty_n he_o by_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o great_a charter_n grant_n and_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n ablatum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la etiam_fw-la rex_fw-la cui_fw-la sanctus_n edwardus_fw-la regnum_fw-la contùlit_fw-la leges_fw-la ipsius_fw-la sancti_fw-la servandas_fw-la esse_fw-la concessit_fw-la say_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n but_o now_o 190._o we_o will_v set_v down_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o charter_n which_o run_v thus_o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o possessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la svam_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la et_z net_n &_o illis_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la datum_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la
learned_a bodin_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o province_n and_o ancient_a city_n 3._o the_o portugal_n cortes_n or_o parliament_n 279._o consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n the_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la and_o two_o procurator_n or_o burgess_n from_o every_o city_n who_o have_v a_o deliberative_a voice_n which_o they_o call_v definitive_a 4._o in_o denmark_n pontanus_n say_v 〈…〉_z the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n &_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n make_v up_o their_o general_n council_n 5._o for_o sweden_n it_o do_v not_o much_o 〈◊〉_d differ_v from_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o denmark_n their_o common_a council_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o universitates_fw-la the_o city_n borough_n and_o village_n i_o may_v here_o if_o it_o be_v needful_a show_v how_o great_a a_o share_n and_o interest_n the_o hanze_n or_o free_a town_n in_o germany_n have_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o all_o age_n have_v in_o the_o diet_n or_o general_n council_n of_o the_o empire_n 6._o but_o now_o at_o last_o we_o be_v come_v to_o scotland_n sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n scotiae_fw-la dedicatory_a to_o king_n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n write_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la and_o then_o in_o his_o book_n show_v that_o willielmus_fw-la cognominatus_fw-la leo_fw-la who_o as_o be_v say_v begin_v to_o reign_v in_o 1105._o and_o reign_v 49._o year_n so_o as_o he_o be_v king_n of_o scotland_n 5_o 10_o of_o our_o henry_n the_o first_o hold_v his_o assize_n or_o parliament_n at_o 7._o perth_n where_o several_a law_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la king_n alexander_n begin_v to_o reign_v 2._o anno_fw-la 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n and_o reign_v 35._o year_n so_o as_o he_o die_v a_o 38_o h._n 3._o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o etc._n what_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o king_n william_n statute_n and_o the_o probâ—_n homines_fw-la in_o king_n alexander_n be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n anno_fw-la 28_o e._n 1._o clear_o show_v be_v 1._o ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n per_fw-la johannem_fw-la de_fw-la balliolo_fw-la than_o king_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la &_o universitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o the_o constant_a practice_n ever_o since_o have_v be_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v send_v their_o proxy_n or_o representative_n to_o the_o parliament_n of_o that_o kingdom_n it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v very_o strange_a that_o when_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la be_v ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la even_o in_o time_n coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o government_n a_o essential_a part_n of_o their_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n that_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v under_o the_o same_o constitution_n be_v but_o descendant_n from_o gaul_n or_o the_o more_o northern_a country_n if_o so_o 1._o be_v it_o because_o in_o the_o britton_n saxon_n and_o norman_a time_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o borough_n or_o if_o there_o be_v be_v they_o so_o poor_a and_o inconsiderable_a as_o they_o deserve_v no_o observation_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o state_n or_o 2._o be_v it_o because_o by_o a_o strange_a and_o unheard_a of_o fate_n peculiar_a and_o proper_a only_o to_o they_o they_o be_v not_o fit_a or_o capable_a to_o give_v or_o hear_v reason_n as_o well_o as_o the_o delegate_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n of_o france_n spain_n portugal_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o scotland_n or_o 3._o have_v they_o no_o property_n or_o right_n in_o their_o estate_n certain_o in_o my_o opinion_n none_o of_o these_o objection_n can_v be_v admit_v allow_v or_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o briton_n time_n venerable_a 1._o bede_n tell_v we_o erat_fw-la britannia_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o octo_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la quondam_a nobilissimis_fw-la insignita_fw-la praeter_fw-la castilia_n innumera_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la muris_fw-la turribus_fw-la portis_fw-la ac_fw-la seris_fw-la erant_fw-la instructa_fw-la firmissimis_fw-la nor_o be_v they_o of_o less_o reputation_n in_o the_o saxon_a or_o norman_a time_n when_o they_o be_v think_v so_o necessary_a and_o proper_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o govern_v mean_v preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n that_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o common_a 〈…〉_z council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o no_o market_n or_o fair_a shall_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v nisi_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o in_fw-la burgis_fw-la ubi_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o jus_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la sed_fw-la omne_fw-la recte_fw-la &_o in_fw-la aperto_fw-la &_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la fieri_fw-la debent_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la gentium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o in_o the_o briton_n time_n the_o nation_n be_v so_o strong_a in_o city_n and_o castle_n sure_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o norman_a time_n when_o the_o nation_n become_v to_o be_v more_o civilise_a and_o considerable_a in_o the_o world_n the_o estate_n or_o degree_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 3._o will_v easy_o part_v with_o these_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o their_o ancestor_n though_o less_o know_v and_o powerful_a do_v claim_v and_o enjoy_v have_v thus_o conclude_v my_o argument_n against_o the_o position_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o i_o have_v think_v it_o not_o altogether_o impertinent_a to_o add_v some_o brief_a observation_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o ancient_a record_n and_o historian_n in_o their_o various_a lection_n and_o different_a expression_n i_o shall_v therefore_o consider_v 1._o the_o different_a application_n of_o the_o word_n commune_v communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la 2._o the_o several_a denomination_n by_o which_o our_o ancient_a general_n or_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v express_v 3._o the_o various_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n baro_n and_o that_o under_o the_o phrase_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v observation_n i._n the_o different_a application_n of_o the_o word_n commune_v communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la there_o lie_v a_o main_a objection_n 164._o against_o i_o for_o some_o author_n say_v that_o the_o word_n commons_o communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o any_o ancient_a author_n or_o record_n ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la willielmi_n primi_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la h._n 3._o and_o therefore_o conclude_v they_o be_v never_o a_o part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o because_o not_o mention_v eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la admit_v the_o objection_n true_a answer_n which_o i_o conceive_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o conclusive_a argument_n for_o before_o the_o statute_n an._n 3_o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o 3._o i_o can_v find_v the_o appellation_n of_o lord_n temporal_a nor_o before_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o that_o king_n cap._n 2._o the_o phrase_n lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a in_o our_o 156._o print_a statute_n book_n ergo_fw-la from_o thence_o it_o follow_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n according_a to_o their_o argument_n that_o they_o be_v not_o any_o part_n of_o the_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o those_o time_n because_o not_o express_v by_o that_o name_n i_o suppose_v this_o conclusion_n will_v not_o be_v admit_v true_a but_o as_o i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o be_v often_o express_v by_o and_o comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n praelati_fw-la and_o who_o in_o after_o time_n constitute_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o now_o difference_v the_o lord_n temporal_a be_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la undoubted_o a_o part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n so_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v if_o insist_v upon_o that_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o angliae_fw-la the_o knight_n and_o gentleman_n or_o
as_o bracton_n before_o cite_v consensâ—_n communi_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 3._o those_o aide_n be_v give_v tam_fw-la de_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la aliorum_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la de_fw-fr domino_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la levanda_fw-la quo_fw-la praetexta_fw-la dictus_fw-la compotus_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la praedictis_fw-la be_v as_o well_o for_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o then_o prior_n as_o for_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o prior_n himself_o which_o the_o prior_n say_v will_v clear_o appear_v to_o the_o court_n by_o the_o certificate_n of_o the_o prior_n his_o prodecâ—ssor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o make_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n so_o that_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o prior_n do_v grant_v a_o aid_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prior_n himself_o and_o that_o in_o parliament_n for_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o rot._n claus._n 32_o h._n 3._o m._n 13._o dorâ—o_o there_o be_v a_o parliament_n then_o hold_v 4._o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 3._o and_o precede_a time_n when_o the_o knight_n and_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o other_o lord_n do_v in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n graâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d auâ—â—lium_n or_o aid_n to_o the_o crown_n the_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o who_o 〈…〉_z the_o freeholder_n hold_v be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o exchequer_n to_o answer_v for_o 〈…〉_z thereof_o under_o the_o title_n of_o his_o 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o bishop_n of_o every_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d till_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n be_v by_o law_n chargeable_a for_o the_o coll_n 〈…〉_z of_o 〈◊〉_d grant_v by_o the_o clergy_n within_o his_o diocese_n yet_o certain_o as_o the_o bishop_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d any_o power_n to_o give_v for_o or_o tax_v his_o 〈◊〉_d no_o more_o can_v or_o do_v any_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o fâ—â—â—ither_o jure_v t_o 〈…〉_z or_o 〈◊〉_d tâ—tionis_fw-la charge_n or_o give_v away_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o free_a t_o 〈…〉_z who_o be_v independent_a in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d solummodo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d this_o p_o 〈…〉_z not_o well_o observe_v and_o understand_v 〈◊〉_d late_a author_n have_v cause_v the_o 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o t_o 〈…〉_z 〈◊〉_d represent_v the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o parliament_n 5._o 〈…〉_z hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o very_o considerable_a in_o number_n and_o all_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v till_o 49_o h._n 3._o either_o be_v total_o exclude_v from_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n or_o else_o by_o a_o law_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o footstep_n in_o history_n or_o law_n be_v for_o so_o many_o age_n to_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o in_o parliament_n the_o transcendent_a power_n of_o which_o council_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o king_n as_o head_n thereof_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n that_o great_a and_o learned_a man_n who_o be_v secretary_n and_o privy-councillor_n to_o our_o famous_a queen_n a_o old_a parliament-man_n when_o he_o come_v to_o write_v of_o the_o parliament_n and_o its_o largeness_n of_o power_n say_v thus_o in_o comitiis_fw-la parliamentariis_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la 51._o omnis_fw-la augustae_fw-la absolutae_fw-la que_fw-la potestatis_fw-la vis_fw-la quip_n quemadmodum_fw-la robur_n &_o virtus_fw-la angliae_fw-la dieuntur_fw-la in_o acie_n residere_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la comitia_fw-la veteres_fw-la leges_fw-la jubent_fw-la esse_fw-la irritas_fw-la novas_fw-la indueunt_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la juxta_fw-la ac_fw-la futuris_fw-la modum_fw-la constituunt_fw-la jura_fw-la &_o posseâ—siones_fw-la hominum_fw-la privatorum_fw-la commutant_fw-la spurios_fw-la natalibus_n restituunt_fw-la cultum_fw-la divinum_fw-la sanctioribus_fw-la corroborant_fw-la pondera_fw-la &_o mensuras_fw-la variant_n incerti_fw-la juris_fw-la contreverâ—â—as_fw-la dirimunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la lege_fw-la cautum_fw-la fuit_fw-la censum_fw-la agunt_fw-la capitationes_fw-la &_o vectigalia_fw-la indicunt_fw-la delictorum_fw-la gratiam_fw-la faciunt_fw-la afflictas_fw-la &_o majorum_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la perditas_fw-la familias_fw-la erigunt_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la nâ—â—isque_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o choose_fw-la obtinent_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la disquisitiones_fw-la princeps_fw-la advocaverat_fw-la atque_fw-la ut_fw-la concludam_fw-la breviter_fw-la quiâ—quid_fw-la in_o centuriatis_fw-la comitiis_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o tribunitiis_fw-la populus_fw-la romanus_n efficere_fw-la potuisset_fw-la 〈◊〉_d omne_fw-la in_o comitiis_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la tanquam_fw-la in_o coetu_fw-la principem_fw-la populumque_fw-la represent_v ante_fw-la commode_v transigitur_fw-la interest_n enim_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la conventu_fw-la omnes_fw-la intelligimur_fw-la â—ujuâ—cunque_fw-la amplitudinis_fw-la status_fw-la aut_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la princepsve_fw-la aut_fw-la plebs_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sive_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la ipsum_fw-la hoc_fw-la fiat_fw-la five_o per_fw-la procuratorem_fw-la nam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la peraeque_fw-la gratum_fw-la esse_fw-la oportet_fw-la quâ—â—quid_fw-la ex_fw-la senatusconsulto_fw-la parliamentario_n profectum_fw-la est_fw-la 6._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o prescription_n of_o progenitores_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o prior_n of_o coventry_n tempore_fw-la e._n 3._o do_v express_o extend_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 3._o his_o great_a grandfather_n 〈…〉_z and_o high_a too_o so_o that_o i_o have_v good_a authority_n and_o warrant_n to_o say_v before_o that_o when_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n in_o the_o parliament_n 8_o e._n 2._o affirm_v that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n sicuâ—_n caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n de_fw-la regno_fw-la as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la in_o all_o time_n past_a in_o the_o time_n of_o f._n 1._o &_o pregenitorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o of_o his_o progenitor_n send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n they_o have_v as_o well_o as_o other_o borough_n of_o england_n send_v burgess_n to_o the_o generale_fw-mi corailium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o mention_v in_o the_o 17_o year_n of_o king_n john_n grandfather_n to_o e._n 1._o at_o least_o and_o so_o by_o clear_a evidence_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o from_o the_o aforesaid_a authority_n and_o reason_n we_o may_v with_o good_a consequence_n conclude_v 1._o that_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n till_o 49_o h._n 3._o be_v not_o represent_v in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n by_o such_o only_a as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capâ—â—e_n 2._o and_o that_o the_o commons_o or_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—â—â—in_o to_o be_v represent_v by_o knight_n citizens_z burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n in_o the_o say_v 40_o h._n 3._o and_o now_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v some_o material_a record_n relate_v to_o my_o former_a discourse_n inter_fw-la communia_fw-la de_fw-la term._n 〈◊〉_d trin._n anno_fw-la 7_o e._n 2._o adhuc_fw-la recorda_fw-la pjn_n nomine_fw-la poliarcâ—t_fw-la jesus_n christi_fw-la salvatoâ—is_fw-la mundi_fw-la totiusque_fw-la t._n creature_n creatoris_fw-la cujus_fw-la divino_fw-la dominatui_fw-la quique_fw-la donatores_fw-la debito_fw-la servitio_fw-la subnixe_v deserviunt_fw-la cujus_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnipotentatui_fw-la universi_fw-la potentatus_fw-la obsecundari_fw-la examussim_fw-la preproperant_fw-la quia_fw-la bonitas_fw-la ejus_fw-la bon_fw-fr 〈…〉_z atis_fw-gr est_fw-la incomprehensibilis_fw-la &_o miseratio_fw-la inter_fw-la minabilis_fw-la dapsilitas_fw-la bomtatis_fw-la ineffabilis_fw-la longanimitas_fw-la quoque_fw-la super_fw-la pravorum_fw-la nequitias_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la prosixitate_fw-la cujusâ—ibet_fw-la longior_fw-la qui_fw-la coâ—idiaâ—â—s_fw-la admonitionibus_fw-la religiosam_fw-la conversationem_fw-la duccntes_fw-la monet_fw-la ut_fw-la pie_n seâ—tando_fw-la justitiae_fw-la culturam_fw-la non_fw-la eam_fw-la deseren_n dolinquant_a quin_fw-la potius_fw-la perseverabilt_n instantia_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la cultura_fw-la ut_fw-la permaneant_fw-la patâ—rno_fw-la affectu_fw-la hortatux_fw-la qui_fw-la nihilomâ—nus_fw-la eadem_fw-la affectione_n mandat_fw-la peccatoâ—ibus_fw-la ut_fw-la resipiscant_fw-la a_o suis_fw-la iniquitatibus_fw-la convertentes_fw-la quia_fw-la eorum_fw-la execratut_o mortem_fw-la ejus_fw-la amoris_fw-la stimulo_fw-la &_o fide_fw-la suffultus_fw-la cujus_fw-la largifâ—ua_fw-la miseratione_n ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insule_n aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurimarum_fw-la in_o cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la 223._o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n atque_fw-la perpeti_fw-la stabilimento_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la confirmandum_fw-la ut_fw-la monasterium_fw-la quod_fw-la biadricesworth_n nuncupatur_fw-la sit_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la evum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la gregibus_fw-la deputatum_fw-la ad_fw-la inhabitandum_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la dominatione_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitatus_fw-la illius_fw-la funditus_fw-la liberum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la domino_fw-la servientes_fw-la monachi_fw-la sine_fw-la ulla_fw-la inquietudine_fw-la pro_fw-la statu_fw-la regni_fw-la domini_fw-la prevaleant_fw-la precari_fw-la placuit_fw-la etiam_fw-la mihi_fw-la hanc_fw-la optionis_fw-la electionem_fw-la roborare_fw-la privilegio_fw-la isto_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la indere_fw-la prccepi_fw-la libertatis_fw-la donum_fw-la quod_fw-la jam_fw-la olim_fw-la edmundus_n rex_fw-la occidentalium_fw-la saxonn_n largitus_fw-la est_fw-la svo_fw-la equivoco_fw-la pro_fw-la nanciscenda_fw-la ejus_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o mercede_fw-la aeterna_fw-la scilicet_fw-la edmundo_n regi_fw-la &_o martiri_fw-la quod_fw-la bene_fw-la
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i_o have_v at_o a_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n of_o time_n and_o without_o any_o man_n assistance_n or_o help_n out_o of_o the_o dark_a and_o neglect_a path_n of_o antiquity_n endeavour_v to_o make_v truth_n public_a and_o general_a and_o with_o submission_n i_o hope_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o i_o have_v rescue_v from_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o a_o dangerous_a grow_a error_n the_o just_a and_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o our_o ancestor_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o the_o high_a moment_n and_o concern_v which_o be_v impartial_o debate_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n a_o subject_n whereof_o to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o knowledge_n no_o author_n hitherto_o have_v so_o particular_o treat_v a_o discourse_n wherein_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o several_a great_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o our_o age_n have_v in_o their_o work_n and_o write_n frequent_o publish_v and_o assert_v to_o the_o world_n this_o position_n as_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o lord_n compound_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n have_v their_o first_o birth_n and_o beginning_n by_o rebellion_n an._n 49_o h._n 3._o and_o that_o too_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n when_o the_o baron_n have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n as_o prisoner_n and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o name_n the_o consideration_n and_o consequent_n thereof_o raise_v in_o my_o mind_n a_o great_a desire_n serious_o and_o impartial_o to_o inquire_v into_o so_o important_a a_o point_n of_o antiquity_n and_o the_o better_a to_o satisfy_v both_o my_o own_o judgement_n and_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n i_o have_v run_v over_o many_o record_n and_o historian_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o print_n and_o manuscript_n but_o can_v find_v any_o authority_n or_o reason_n to_o give_v a_o colour_n to_o so_o harsh_a a_o assertion_n i_o shall_v therefore_o under_o a_o humble_a submission_n to_o so_o eminent_a antiquary_n endeavour_v to_o disprove_v this_o notion_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o by_o these_o follow_a argument_n 1._o from_o the_o claim_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 8_o e._n 2._o to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o all_o parliament_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n if_o so_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n grandfather_n to_o e._n 1._o and_o so_o before_o h._n 3._o 2._o from_o record_n a_o o_o 15_o o_o johannis_n regis_fw-la wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o so_o numerous_a then_o as_o after_o and_o now_o together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v to_o give_v consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o suum_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o short_o after_o meet_v at_o london_n convocatum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la and_o so_o within_o the_o express_a prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o st._n alban_n 3._o from_o the_o solemn_a resolution_n and_o great_a judgement_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o against_o the_o pope_n that_o if_o king_n john_n have_v a_o o_o 14_o o_o of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v three_o year_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n he_o have_v do_v it_o sanz_o lour_v assent_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o void_a 4._o from_o several_a record_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la de_fw-fr annis_n 28_o 32_o 37_o 42_o 48_o h._n 3._o mention_v parliament_n then_o hold_v and_o their_o proceed_n in_o some_o of_o which_o the_o word_n commons_o be_v express_o mention_v as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n and_o magnate_v to_o be_v part_n of_o those_o parliament_n 5._o from_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 2_o h._n 5._o that_o famous_a prince_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o admit_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n be_v ever_o a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o so_o consequent_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n annis_n 16_o 17_o johannis_n 28_o 32_o 37_o 42_o 48_o h._n 3._o all_o within_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o st._n alban_n 6._o from_o the_o form_n of_o pen_v of_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o expression_n in_o record_n in_o 49_o 51_o 54_o h._n 3._o when_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o phrase_n of_o record_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 7._o from_o the_o defect_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o h._n 3._o and_o e._n 1._o and_o from_o the_o universal_a silence_n of_o all_o record_n and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n contemporary_a and_o succeed_a 49_o h._n 3._o till_o our_o day_n 8._o from_o the_o various_a opinion_n of_o learned_a man_n in_o and_o since_o h._n 8._o time_n who_o never_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o origine_fw-la nor_o be_v ever_o hear_v of_o till_o of_o late_a 9_o from_o compare_v of_o the_o ancient_a generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o ireland_n instance_a a_o of_o 38_o h._n 3._o with_o we_o in_o england_n wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v which_o be_v eleven_o year_n before_o the_o pretend_a beginning_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o england_n the_o first_o argument_n from_o the_o claim_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o st._n alban_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o e._n 2._o to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o all_o parliament_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n
close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o parliament_n consideratum_fw-la dorso_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o a_o parliament_n 37_o h._n 3._o for_o 15._o so_o mat._n westm._n call_v it_o pag._n 352._o rex_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_fw-la protestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v to_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o grand_a and_o terrible_a excommunication_n then_o to_o be_v pronounce_v by_o the_o clergy_n against_o the_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la contra_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o usitatas_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o imposterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n fssex_n ad_fw-la warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaudia_n at_o the_o instance_n and_o desire_n aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la praesentium_fw-la scripto_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la reaume_n nostro_fw-la oxon._n communiter_fw-la fuit_fw-la ordinatum_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la excessus_fw-la &_o injuriae_fw-la factae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la inquirentur_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la ut_fw-la cognita_fw-la inde_fw-la veritate_fw-la facilius_fw-la corrigantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o have_v a_o abridgement_n or_o abstract_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o this_o parliament_n write_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o mr._n elsing_n late_a clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o say_v my_o lord_n coke_n have_v it_o and_o some_o of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o mention_v i_o have_v find_v in_o the_o exchequer_n enroll_v at_o that_o time_n the_o article_n of_o peace_n à _fw-la domino_fw-la barones_n rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n praelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la tota_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la be_v seal_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norff._n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n will._n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o major_n london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la voluntate_fw-la &_o praecepto_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o record_n tell_v we_o quod_fw-la quaedam_fw-la ordinatio_fw-la facta_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n habito_fw-la circa_fw-la festum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptistae_fw-la proxime_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_fw-la regni_fw-la conservanda_fw-la and_o we_o read_v in_o another_o record_n rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la super_fw-la praeteritis_fw-la guerrarum_fw-la dorso_fw-la discriminibus_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la subortis_fw-la quaedam_fw-la ordinatio_fw-la seu_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la de_fw-la nostro_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la unanimi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la provida_fw-la deliberatione_n inita_fw-la fuerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—n_fw-la cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la huic_fw-la scripto_fw-la nos_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la come_v leyc_a &_o glouc._n jo._n filuis_fw-la johannis_n johannes_n de_fw-fr burgo_n sen._n will._n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n henr._n de_fw-fr hastings_n &_o gilbertus_n de_fw-fr gaunt_n pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o caeteris_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la sigilla_fw-la nostra_fw-la apposuimus_fw-la dat._n apud_fw-la cantuar._n die_v jovis_n proximè_fw-la post_fw-la festum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la virgin_n anno_fw-la 1264._o and_o therefore_o those_o that_o hold_v 3._o that_o there_o be_v no_o commons_o or_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n 3._o will_v do_v well_o to_o define_v and_o ascertain_v who_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o word_n praelati_fw-la barones_n &_o magnates_n in_o the_o before-expressed_n record_v the_o five_o argument_n from_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n an._n 2_o h._n 5._o that_o famous_a prince_n where_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o admit_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n be_v ever_o a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o so_o consequent_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n annis_n 16_o 17_o joh._n 28_o 32_o 37_o 42_o 48_o h._n 3._o all_o within_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o s._n alban_n the_o commons_o of_o england_n upon_o their_o claim_n or_o protestastation_n have_v as_o their_o undoubted_a and_o unquestionable_a right_n and_o inherent_a privilege_n allow_v and_o admit_v in_o parliament_n that_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n then_o be_v they_o a_o member_n of_o that_o 16_o joh._n beforementioned_a of_o 17_o joh._n 28_o 32_o 37_o 42_o &_o 48_o h._n 3._o and_o that_o no_o statute_n or_o law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n the_o record_n say_v that_o so_o as_o pryn._n hit_v have_v ever_o be_v their_o liberte_fw-fr and_o freedom_n that_o thar_z shall_v no_o statute_n ne_o law_n be_v make_v of_o lass_n then_o they_o yaffe_v thereto_o their_o assent_n consider_v that_o the_o commune_v of_o your_o lond_n the_o which_o that_o be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o member_n of_o your_o parliament_n be_v as_o well_o assentir_v as_o petitioner_n yet_o be_v the_o affirmation_n of_o the_o commons_o no_o other_o than_o a_o renovation_n or_o memorial_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o be_v prove_v before_o and_o more_o full_o explain_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o petition_n to_o the_o 〈…〉_z king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n and_o answer_v thereto_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 8_o e._n 2._o the_o record_n be_v not_o unworthy_a of_o a_o serious_a perusal_n erchevesque_fw-la evesque_fw-la prelatz_n count_n baron_n &_o autre_fw-fr gentz_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr comunyalte_n dengleterre_fw-fr que_fw-fr tiegnent_fw-la lour_v manoirs_n en_fw-fr chief_a de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr as_o well_o within_o the_o forest_n as_o without_o to_o which_o manor_n they_o have_v gasz_n be_v appendant_a dont_fw-fr les_fw-fr seignourage_n avantditz_fw-fr arentunt_fw-la by_o the_o acre_n half_a acre_n &_o per_fw-la ride_v en_fw-fr approvaunt_v lour_v manoirs_n whereupon_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o king_n make_v seizure_n thereof_o pur_fw-mi ceo_fw-la qu'_fw-fr eux_fw-fr ne_fw-fr unt_fw-la la_fw-fr licence_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'entrer_fw-fr therefore_o they_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v approver_n leur_fw-fr manoirs_n &_o le_fw-fr power_n pueple_n eyser_n etc._n etc._n responsum_fw-la in_o dorso_fw-la il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr put_v estre_fw-fr fait_fw-fr sanz_fw-fr novele_fw-fr ley_fw-fr la_fw-fr quele_n choose_v fere_n la_fw-fr comunalte_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr ne_fw-fr vult_fw-la my_o uncore_fw-fr assentir_fw-fr infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o hence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n 1._o it_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n can_v not_o be_v alter_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n though_o in_o a_o case_n particular_a to_o the_o king_n as_o this_o be_v for_o the_o petition_n be_v coram_fw-la rege_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o king_n and_o commons_o without_o the_o lord_n for_o 30._o e._n 3._o per_fw-la avys_fw-fr des_fw-fr prelatz_n &_o grauntz_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr fist_n respondre_fw-fr as_o les_fw-fr petition_n des_fw-fr commune_v touchante_n la_o leye_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr ley_n eve_n &_o useez_fw-fr en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr passez_fw-fr ne_fw-fr le_fw-fr process_n dycelle_n useez_fw-fr cea_n en_fw-fr arere_z ne_z se_z purrent_a changer_n sanz_v ent_a fair_a novel_a estatute_n which_o as_o then_o they_o can_v not_o attend_v but_o short_o will_v 2._o that_o they_o ought_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o new_a law_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n it_o be_v then_o remarkable_a 1._o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o we_o style_v they_o give_v their_o suffrage_n and_o vote_n in_o the_o enact_v and_o make_v of_o all_o statute_n and_o law_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o progenitor_n of_o h._n 3._o which_o take_v extensiuè_fw-la be_v a_o very_a large_a prescription_n of_o right_n for_o that_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o assisa_n panis_fw-la &_o cervisiae_fw-la stat._n make_v after_o 49._o when_o it_o be_v pretend_v the_o commons_o begin_v viz._n an._n 51._o tell_v we_o that_o at_o his_o parliament_n etc._n hold_v the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v grant_v that_o all_o good_a statute_n and_o ordinance_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o progenitor_n and_o not_o revoke_v shall_v still_o be_v hold_v 2._o but_o admit_v the_o word_n progenitor_n be_v restrain_v to_o two_o which_o i_o conceive_v be_v never_o intend_v by_o the_o lawmaker_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la for_o so_o it_o be_v call_v 5_o h._n 3._o fitz-herb_n abrid_n do_fw-mi 40._o mordaunc_fw-la n._n 53._o and_o by_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 28._o and_o all_o other_o statute_n make_v at_o least_o temporibus_fw-la johannis_n &_o ricardi_n i._o father_n and_o uncle_n of_o henry_n
the_o three_o have_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o make_v they_o law_n now_o the_o word_n progenitor_n in_o the_o statute_n must_v i_o conceive_v go_v high_o than_o ric._n 1._o for_o bracton_n a_o learned_a judge_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o so_o by_o a_o reasonable_a computation_n of_o time_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v live_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o ric._n 1._o or_o beginning_n of_o king_n john_n after_o he_o have_v declare_v to_o posterity_n that_o he_o have_v bend_v his_o mind_n ad_fw-la vetera_fw-la judicia_fw-la perscrutanda_fw-la diligenter_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la vigiliis_fw-la &_o labour_v and_o whatsoever_o he_o find_v notatu_fw-la dignum_fw-la he_o reduce_v in_o unam_fw-la summam_fw-la perpetuae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la commendanda_fw-la conclude_v this_o dorso_fw-la point_n thus_o cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la regis_fw-la sive_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definitum_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o so_o just_a and_o excellent_a be_v the_o balance_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o legal_a government_n in_o prevent_v any_o order_n or_o rank_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o impose_v upon_o or_o bind_v the_o rest_n without_o their_o common_a consent_n and_o in_o conserve_n as_o it_o be_v a_o universal_a liberty_n and_o property_n to_o every_o individual_a degree_n of_o man_n from_o be_v take_v from_o they_o without_o their_o assent_n as_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la be_v not_o 11._o subject_a to_o such_o law_n to_o which_o they_o do_v not_o consent_n for_o as_o well_o before_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n as_o after_o they_o have_v their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o court_n of_o parliament_n by_o authority_n of_o which_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o quamplures_fw-la alii_fw-la rot._n 44_o h._n 3._o m._n 1._o dorso_fw-la barones_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la fideles_fw-la rot._n pat._n 3._o e._n 1._o m._n 6._o or_o as_o the_o supplication_n to_o h._n 6._o say_v the_o abbot_n prior_n 〈◊〉_d clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n make_v or_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v expedient_a and_o behoveful_a for_o the_o weal_n of_o the_o inheritor_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n or_o parliament_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o and_o i_o dare_v under_o submission_n affirm_v that_o neither_o this_o county_n palatine_n nor_o durham_n be_v ever_o subjugate_v to_o have_v their_o estate_n give_v away_o at_o the_o good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o earl_n or_o bishop_n under_o any_o notion_n or_o fancy_n in_o those_o day_n of_o be_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o that_o be_v dependent_a tenant_n their_o consent_n be_v include_v in_o their_o lord_n assent_v and_o if_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la cestrense_n or_o parliament_n be_v deduce_v from_o record_n it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o show_v we_o as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o government_n of_o england_n in_o ancient_a day_n than_o what_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v publish_v by_o any_o author_n 3._o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n to_o the_o petition_n pen_v and_o make_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o land_n his_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o modern_a usage_n of_o 59_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o till_o then_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la jure_fw-la repraesentationis_fw-la make_v the_o parliament_n as_o some_o hold_n but_o be_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o right_n of_o the_o nation_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o england_n or_o the_o great_a part_n who_o be_v the_o petitioner_n though_o with_o the_o king_n consent_n to_o bind_v and_o oblige_v other_o or_o to_o make_v or_o alter_v a_o law_n sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o have_v votum_fw-la consultivum_fw-la and_o decisivum_fw-la a_o act_n of_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o well_o in_o assent_v to_o spiritual_a law_n as_o temporal_a as_o may_v appear_v for_o a_o instance_n in_o their_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o e._n 3._o in_o parliament_n que_fw-fr nul_fw-fr estatut_o ne_fw-fr ordnance_n soit_fw-fr fait_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d ne_fw-fr grante_fw-fr au_fw-fr petition_n du_fw-fr clergy_n si_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soit_fw-fr per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-mi voz_fw-mi commune_v ne_fw-fr que_fw-fr vous_fw-fr dite_fw-fr commune_v ne_fw-fr soient_fw-fr obligez_fw-fr per_fw-la nulle_v constitution_n q'il_v font_n pur_fw-mi lour_v avantage_fw-fr sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr voz_fw-mi dite_fw-fr commune_v car_fw-fr eux_fw-fr ne_fw-fr veullent_fw-fr estre_fw-fr obligez_fw-fr nul_fw-fr de_fw-fr voz_fw-mi estatuz_fw-fr ne_fw-fr ordinance_n faitz_fw-fr sanz_fw-fr lour_v assent_n fortescue_n cap._n 8._o pag._n 40._o tell_v we_o sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nedum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la statuta_fw-la licet_fw-la tanta_fw-la solennitate_fw-la &_o prudentia_fw-la edita_fw-la efficaciae_fw-la tantae_fw-la quantae_fw-la conditorum_fw-la cupiebat_fw-la intentio_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la contingant_fw-la concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la &_o non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitus_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n appear_v by_o the_o answer_n of_o e._n 1._o a_o o_o 22._o of_o his_o reign_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o england_n for_o the_o clergy_n have_v give_v the_o king_n medietatem_fw-la omnium_fw-la 1._o bonorum_fw-la tam_fw-la temporalium_fw-la quam_fw-la spiritualium_fw-la complain_v that_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o church_n laesa_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o violata_fw-la petiit_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la quosdam_fw-la articulos_fw-la rege_fw-la jubente_fw-la jussit_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la postquam_fw-la votis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la paruerant_fw-la in_o give_v the_o subsidy_n ut_fw-la ipsi_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la peterent_fw-la remedia_fw-la quae_fw-la vellent_fw-la et_fw-la petierunt_fw-la imprimis_fw-la ut_fw-la statutum_n de_fw-la manu_fw-la mortua_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o praejudicium_fw-la sanctae_fw-la matris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la fuit_fw-la editum_fw-la deleretur_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la articulo_fw-la respondit_fw-la rex_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la statutum_n de_fw-la consilio_fw-la magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o phrased_a by_o the_o historian_n fuerat_fw-la editum_fw-la &_o ordinatum_fw-la &_o absque_fw-la eorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la revocandum_fw-la but_o a_o more_o certain_a authority_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la â—5_n concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o rot._n claus._n 7_o e._n 1._o m._n 5._o dorso_fw-la rot._n pat._n 10_o e._n 1._o m._n 13._o and_o then_o the_o commons_o be_v unquestionable_o a_o essential_a part_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_v the_o statute_n the_o six_z argument_n from_o the_o form_n of_o pen_v of_o 〈◊〉_d of_o parliament_n and_o expression_n in_o record_n in_o 49_o 51_o 54_o h._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v pretend_v the_o commâ—ns_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o phrase_n of_o record_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n the_o king_n write_v to_o the_o bishop_n 〈…〉_z of_o london_n and_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n that_o his_o heart_n be_v wound_v 〈…〉_z to_o dolore_fw-la that_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o other_o rebel_n have_v by_o crafty_a persuasion_n circumvent_v pro_fw-la 〈…〉_z r_o prince_n edward_n &_o ad_fw-la partem_fw-la svam_fw-la proditoriâ—_n aâ—â—axeâ—unt_fw-la proprii_fw-la contemptu_fw-la sacrament_n contra_fw-la formam_fw-la de_fw-la nostro_fw-la &_o ejusdem_fw-la silii_fw-la nostri_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nuper_fw-la london_n provisam_fw-la the_o king_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr conseil_fw-fr &_o l'assentement_fw-fr 3._o le_fw-fr rei_fw-la de_fw-fr alemain_n &_o the_o countess_n &_o de_fw-fr baruns_n &_o deal_v commun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_v and_o release_v the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o king_n per_fw-mi le_fw-fr conseil_n &_o passentement_fw-fr le_fw-fr rei_fw-la de_fw-fr alemain_n &_o les_fw-fr cuntes_fw-la &_o the_o baron_n &_o le_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_v and_o release_v the_o londoner_n totes_fw-la maneres_fw-la de_fw-la