heir_n but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v the_o high_a breach_n of_o fealty_n after_o legal_a conviction_n of_o the_o traitor_n the_o fee_n be_v for_o ever_o forfeit_v and_o all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v absolute_o at_o the_o king_n disposal_n and_o though_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v 25_o ed._n iii_o to_o determine_v what_o be_v precise_o treason_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o declarative_a of_o what_o be_v true_o treason_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o fealty_n whence_o the_o subject_n be_v call_v fideles_fw-la &_o ligii_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o from_o which_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n derive_v their_o birth_n and_o original_a 7._o as_o the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v appropriate_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o be_v it_o also_o at_o length_n enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o subjection_n which_o not_o only_o they_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o fee_n but_o also_o every_o individual_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king._n thus_o zouch_v out_o of_o duarenus_n the_o fidelity_n descrip_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n consuet_n be_v by_o the_o feudist_n call_v ligeance_n and_o as_o many_o as_o live_v within_o his_o dominion_n be_v style_v liege-man_n who_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o sovereign_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n 2._o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n and_o his_o protection_n of_o they_o the_o reason_n then_o why_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v call_v the_o king_n liege-man_n be_v because_o their_o person_n be_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o protection_n they_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o pay_v due_a fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n of_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n case_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n distinguish_v 1._o into_o natural_a ligeance_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v original_o due_a by_o nature_n and_o birthright_n and_o 2._o legal_a ligeance_n so_o call_v because_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n prescribe_v the_o form_n and_o order_n of_o it_o and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n require_v upon_o oath_n at_o the_o leet_n this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o his_o institutes_n he_o say_v express_o be_v the_o same_o with_o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la which_o he_o thus_o define_v in_o calvin_n case_n quod_fw-la soli_fw-la regi_fw-la debetur_fw-la sine_fw-la servitio_fw-la and_o oppose_v it_o to_o homagium_fw-la feudale_n homagium_fw-la which_o have_v its_o original_n by_o tenure_n and_o to_o this_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n seem_v to_o agree_v who_o tell_v we_o that_o liege_n or_o sovereign_a homage_n be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o king_n in_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o they_o both_o differ_v herein_o from_o the_o feudist_n who_o define_v homage_n to_o be_v sponsionem_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la propter_fw-la tenuram_fw-la 3._o and_o from_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n who_o do_v intimate_v that_o liege_n homage_n be_v make_v unto_o private_a person_n also_o 8._o the_o word_n ligeance_n be_v yet_o further_o in_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n enlarge_v to_o denote_v the_o duty_n not_o of_o natural_a subject_n only_o but_o also_o of_o denizen_n and_o alien_n thus_o we_o be_v inform_v likewise_o in_o calvin_n case_n that_o beside_o natural_a ligeance_n there_o be_v also_o ligeantia_fw-la acquisita_fw-la which_o be_v due_a by_o acquisition_n or_o denization_n and_o ligeantia_fw-la localis_fw-la and_o that_o be_v when_o a_o alien_a who_o be_v in_o amity_n come_v into_o england_n because_o he_o be_v then_o within_o the_o king_n protection_n he_o do_v therefore_o owe_v a_o local_a allegiance_n to_o he_o 9_o last_o allegiance_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o signification_n yet_o more_o general_a and_o extensive_a to_o express_v the_o mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a obligation_n between_o the_o liege_n sovereign_a and_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o sovereign_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o protection_n and_o just_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o they_o again_o to_o pay_v due_a fidelity_n and_o subjection_n to_o their_o sovereign_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v define_v in_o general_a by_o skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr expositione_n verborum_fw-la case_n who_o be_v herein_o follow_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n ligeantia_fw-la and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n also_o it_o appear_v then_o in_o how_o great_a a_o latitude_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v take_v and_o how_o various_o it_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o express_v different_a obligation_n to_o different_a person_n the_o various_a signification_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o six_o first_o it_o ancient_o denote_v the_o service_n and_o fidelity_n that_o any_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee._n second_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o express_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n three_o it_o be_v then_o enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o every_o natural_a subject_n to_o his_o natural_a sovereign_n four_o it_o sometime_o signify_v that_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o the_o law_n require_v of_o every_o subject_a and_o be_v therefore_o call_v legal_a ligeance_n five_o it_o be_v say_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o foreigner_n as_o of_o a_o denizen_n and_o of_o a_o alien_n while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o realm_n and_o last_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o express_v the_o reciprocal_a obligation_n that_o be_v between_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n and_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o this_o last_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n 5._o we_o have_v already_o consider_v it_o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n for_o here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o subject_n only_o and_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o absurd_a than_o to_o say_v that_o when_o subject_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o king_n they_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o also_o shall_v discharge_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n towards_o they_o so_o likewise_o when_o allegiance_n be_v apply_v to_o alien_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v show_v that_o it_o must_v signify_v only_o those_o branch_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o alien_n be_v bind_v to_o while_o he_o be_v in_o england_n viz._n conformity_n to_o the_o law_n and_o a_o obligation_n not_o to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o king_n while_o he_o be_v within_o his_o protection_n so_o also_o when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o denizen_n who_o be_v make_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o entitle_v to_o all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n it_o can_v then_o signify_v only_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o denizen_n be_v oblige_v to_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v for_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v diversify_v by_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o natural_a subject_n and_o a_o clerk_n a_o soldier_n and_o artificer_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o particular_a act_n of_o allegiance_n so_o likewise_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o subjection_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a subject_n who_o enjoy_v all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o owe_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o subjection_n must_v be_v in_o reason_n oblige_v to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n than_o a_o denizen_n who_o though_o he_o be_v to_o some_o intent_n incorporate_v into_o this_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o another_o sovereign_n and_o he_o again_o be_v oblige_v to_o more_o than_o a_o alien_n who_o be_v only_o a_o subject_a in_o transitu_fw-la and_o enjoy_v nothing_o but_o protection_n from_o injury_n but_o we_o have_v now_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o foreigner_n allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o be_v require_v and_o impose_v upon_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v due_a from_o natural_a subject_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v due_a from_o foreigner_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o honour_n god_n and_o the_o king_n and_o subordinate_a magistrate_n our_o spiritual_a ruler_n our_o parent_n all_o our_o superior_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n all_o our_o inferior_n honour_n be_v due_a to_o all_o these_o but_o in_o different_a kind_n and_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o duty_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v by_o different_a person_n to_o different_a object_n now_o
be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o sovereign_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v likewise_o from_o the_o feudal_n law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v this_o therefore_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o which_o capable_a person_n be_v swear_v in_o that_o abrogate_a oath_n and_o other_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v he_o that_o assistance_n which_o they_o be_v able_a everyone_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n in_o his_o respective_a capacity_n as_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v require_v thus_o have_v i_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o several_a form_n of_o swear_a allegiance_n which_o have_v be_v successive_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v always_o uniform_a and_o constant_a in_o oblige_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o allegiance_n that_o require_v not_o a_o peaceable_a subjection_n only_o but_o also_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n against_o all_o person_n and_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n and_o this_o be_v last_o include_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n also_o which_o be_v not_o so_o call_v mere_o because_o the_o person_n oblige_v by_o it_o be_v such_o as_o have_v their_o natural_a birth_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n for_o person_n bear_v without_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v his_o natural_a subject_n as_o be_v the_o child_n of_o ambassador_n bear_v beyond_o sea_n case_n and_o the_o child_n of_o alien_n bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o therefore_o natural_a subject_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o mere_a circumstance_n of_o birth_n do_v not_o entitle_v any_o one_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n nor_o consequent_o bind_v he_o to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v natural_a in_o our_o law_n because_o as_o great_a lawyer_n have_v affirm_v vaughan_n it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o give_v the_o sovereign_a power_n a_o right_n to_o the_o allegiance_n of_o every_o one_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o it_o as_o every_o son_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_a to_o his_o parent_n and_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v to_o honour_n and_o obey_v assist_v and_o support_v they_o so_o also_o be_v he_o bear_v a_o member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o by_o consequence_n a_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n of_o it_o and_o according_o by_o the_o same_o eternal_a law_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v all_o faithful_a service_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o perform_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n here_o i_o mean_v that_o light_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n and_o this_o light_n when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o attend_v to_o and_o not_o darken_v with_o passion_n will_v clear_o show_v we_o how_o we_o shall_v demean_v ourselves_o in_o the_o several_a capacity_n and_o relation_n we_o stand_v in_o as_o it_o show_v we_o what_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n a_o servant_n owe_v to_o his_o master_n a_o wife_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o a_o son_n to_o his_o father_n so_o it_o plain_o direct_v we_o what_o duty_n every_o member_n of_o a_o civil_a community_n owe_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n direct_v we_o to_o pay_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o viz._n a_o active_a assistance_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o practice_n of_o almost_o all_o civilise_a mankind_n the_o two_o only_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o first_o it_o seem_v evident_a from_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o such_o assistance_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o head_n of_o the_o community_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a body_n also_o for_o to_o every_o political_a body_n a_o sovereign_a head_n be_v so_o essential_a as_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o exist_v without_o it_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o all_o man_n do_v dictate_v the_o necessity_n of_o enter_v into_o society_n it_o must_v likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o necessity_n of_o contribute_v their_o actual_a assistance_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o society_n and_o consequent_o of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o very_o be_v of_o they_o 2._o because_o every_o subject_a have_v receive_v actual_a protection_n and_o in_o effect_v his_o very_a life_n and_o be_v from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n for_o not_o only_a property_n and_o all_o the_o blessing_n of_o it_o but_o the_o conservation_n of_o even_a life_n itself_o be_v derive_v from_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o both_o justice_n and_o gratitude_n do_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v all_o we_o can_v to_o preserve_v the_o be_v and_o the_o right_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n from_o which_o we_o derive_v our_o own_o our_o parent_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o our_o natural_a production_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o be_v ever_o oblige_v â—o_o honour_n and_o support_v they_o though_o they_o prove_v never_o so_o unnatural_a to_o we_o because_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o have_v receive_v our_o be_v from_o they_o and_o the_o obligation_n of_o that_o benefit_n will_v last_v as_o long_o as_o our_o life_n such_o be_v our_o obligation_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n we_o have_v receive_v our_o life_n and_o property_n from_o it_o and_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o owe_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o become_v never_o so_o tyrannical_a still_o the_o obligation_n of_o obey_v and_o assist_v it_o will_v remain_v our_o gratitude_n must_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o we_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n and_o civil_a oppression_n can_v no_o more_o absolve_v subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n than_o domestic_a cruelty_n can_v discharge_v child_n from_o the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v prove_v also_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v certain_o found_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o the_o grand_a fundamental_a rule_n of_o justice_n be_v these_o that_o we_o do_v to_o other_o as_o we_o will_v be_v do_v to_o our_o self_n and_o that_o we_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o due_a and_o by_o both_o these_o equitable_a rule_n all_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o support_v their_o sovereign_n by_o the_o former_a because_o every_o subject_a do_v expect_v a_o actual_a protection_n of_o his_o person_n and_o property_n from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v disable_v from_o contribute_v his_o assistance_n to_o support_v it_o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o equity_n to_o give_v the_o like_a assistance_n to_o his_o sovereign_n in_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o even_o when_o he_o can_v actual_o exert_v his_o power_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v also_o due_a by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o sovereign_n have_v a_o right_a to_o such_o assistance_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o will_v not_o here_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o that_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o i_o be_o prove_v but_o by_o the_o positive_a civil_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o right_n and_o that_o be_v true_o a_o man_n right_a which_o be_v such_o by_o a_o politic_a law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o political_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o their_o subject_n to_o deny_v it_o they_o be_v a_o violation_n not_o only_o of_o those_o law_n but_o even_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n also_o but_o 4._o there_o be_v yet_o a_o high_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o respect_v the_o author_n of_o all_o sovereignty_n for_o even_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o a_o infinite_a be_v make_v the_o world_n and_o that_o he_o still_o govern_v it_o that_o from_o he_o all_o lawful_a dominion_n be_v derive_v and_o that_o king_n be_v his_o minister_n and_o vicegerent_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o infer_v that_o every_o subject_a be_v bind_v not_o only_o to_o submit_v but_o also_o to_o support_v and_o defend_v they_o because_o it_o be_v every_o man_n
ever_o exact_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o the_o king_n thereof_o which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o demonstrative_a proof_n that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v always_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v they_o allegiance_n be_v a_o essential_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o never_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o by_o any_o other_o so_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o very_a form_n of_o those_o oath_n which_o have_v be_v different_a in_o word_n but_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n that_o the_o subject_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o a_o active_a unconditionate_n and_o unreserved_a fidelity_n to_o their_o prince_n there_o be_v this_o statute_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n 35_o that_o all_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v once_o a_o year_n bind_v themselves_o together_o by_o a_o inviolable_a oath_n fidelitas_fw-la and_o combine_v as_o swear_v brethren_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n against_o all_o foreigner_n and_o enemy_n and_o with_o he_o to_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n with_o all_o fidelity_n and_o that_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o he_o as_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n bâ—th_v within_o and_o without_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n though_o somewhat_o different_a in_o the_o expression_n be_v the_o statute_n make_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v affirm_v upon_o their_o faith_n ibid._n and_o oath_n that_o within_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o without_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n k._n william_n and_o every_o where_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n with_o all_o fidelity_n and_o with_o he_o defend_v they_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o this_o succeed_v that_o which_o the_o lord_n coke_n call_v legal_a ligeance_n case_n or_o the_o common-law_n oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o he_o cite_v out_o of_o britton_n 3._o who_o write_v anno_fw-la 5._o ed._n 1._o which_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v at_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o sheriff_n court_n 14._o or_o the_o leete_n and_o without_o the_o take_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o abide_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n you_o shall_v swear_v that_o from_o this_o day_n forward_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o truth_n and_o faith_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n and_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_a or_o damage_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v that_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o your_o power_n coke_n inform_v we_o that_o five_o thing_n be_v observe_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n upon_o this_o oath_n ibid._n first_o that_o for_o the_o time_n of_o its_o obligation_n it_o be_v indefinite_a and_o without_o limit_n second_o two_o excellent_a quality_n be_v require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a three_o to_o who_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n four_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o faith_n and_o troth_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n that_o be_v until_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o our_o dear_a heartblood_n five_o where_o and_o in_o what_o place_n in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o for_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_a which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v such_o be_v the_o ligeance_n which_o the_o law_n have_v prescribe_v in_o that_o ancient_a oath_n which_o be_v still_o in_o force_n it_o be_v neither_o circumscribe_v by_o time_n nor_o place_n it_o be_v unconditionate_n and_o unreserved_a it_o be_v not_o a_o lazy_a passive_a allegiance_n require_v nothing_o but_o pure_a submission_n but_o a_o active_a and_o vigorous_a loyalty_n exact_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o moral_a possibility_n and_o engage_v we_o to_o spend_v our_o dear_a blood_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o sovereign_n person_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v ibid._n that_o by_o the_o law_n all_o this_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n person_n so_o the_o lord_n coke_n say_v it_o be_v then_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o ligeance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o natural_a person_n of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o the_o politic_a capacity_n and_o the_o politic_a capacity_n as_o it_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o natural_a capacity_n and_o not_o due_a to_o the_o politic_a capacity_n only_o and_o he_o add_v that_o when_o the_o spencer_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 2._o invent_v this_o damnable_a opinion_n that_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o ligeance_n be_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n crown_n that_o be_v of_o his_o politic_a capacity_n than_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n this_o with_o the_o consequence_n they_o deduce_v from_o it_o be_v condemn_v by_o two_o parliament_n as_o execrable_a and_o detestable_a doctrine_n one_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 2._o and_o the_o other_o anno_fw-la 1_o o._n ed._n 3._o c._n 1._o and_o what_o be_v then_o resolve_v 71._o judge_n jenkins_n out_o of_o plowden_n affirm_v be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n 1_o eliz._n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n viz._n that_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o the_o natural_a body_n make_v one_o body_n and_o not_o diverse_a and_o be_v inseparable_a and_o indivisible_a 16._o and_o hence_o the_o same_o learned_a judge_n think_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o infer_v that_o the_o natural_a person_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v at_o holmby_n though_o under_o custody_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la divest_v of_o his_o regal_a power_n yet_o his_o politic_a capaciâ—â—_n be_v there_o also_o because_o both_o do_v make_v but_o one_o indivisible_a body_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o king_n charles_n himself_o require_v all_o his_o subject_n force_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o natural_a person_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o not_o to_o his_o crown_n or_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o his_o natural_a capacity_n and_o that_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o ligeance_n at_o the_o common_a law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o be_v faithful_a not_o to_o the_o king_n only_o as_o king_n but_o to_o our_o person_n as_o king_n charles_n therefore_o i_o conclude_v this_o observation_n with_o that_o assertion_n of_o the_o same_o judge_n jenkins_n that_o ligeance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o natural_a body_n 22._o and_o be_v due_a by_o nature_n god_n law_n and_o man_n law_n can_v be_v so_o feit_v nor_o renounce_v by_o any_o mean_n it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o person_n to_o return_v then_o to_o the_o oath_n of_o ligeance_n prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o common-law_n oath_n be_v never_o yet_o abolish_v yet_o it_o have_v be_v almost_o total_o supplant_v by_o that_o large_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v enact_v anno_fw-la 3_o o._n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o and_o which_o many_o of_o we_o have_v take_v to_o k._n j._n the_o second_o and_o though_o this_o oath_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o powder_n plot_n be_v particular_o frame_v and_o design_v to_o secure_v the_o king_n against_o the_o treason_n of_o the_o papist_n yet_o as_o k._n james_n himself_o do_v affirm_v in_o his_o apology_n that_o it_o exact_v no_o more_o than_o what_o the_o ancient_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n do_v require_v so_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o exact_v no_o less_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v either_o that_o true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n in_o that_o oath_n shall_v be_v design_v to_o signify_v less_o than_o they_o always_o do_v before_o or_o that_o a_o less_o security_n be_v require_v when_o a_o great_a be_v intend_v but_o to_o prevent_v all_o subterfuge_n even_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v manifest_o oblige_v to_o the_o high_a duty_n of_o ligeance_n that_o can_v be_v i_o will_v bear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n and_o he_o and_o they_o will_v defend_v to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o conspiracy_n and_o attempt_v whatsoever_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v against_o he_o or_o their_o person_n crown_n and_o dignity_n what_o kind_n of_o assistance_n be_v here_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n defend_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o the_o author_n 96._o who_o expound_v the_o jus_n 〈◊〉_d such_o as_o magerus_n the_o 〈◊〉_d armatâ_fw-la who_o treat_v of_o the_o protection_n give_v by_o sovereign_a prince_n say_v that_o verbum_fw-la protegere_fw-la necessitatem_fw-la desendendi_fw-la cum_fw-la armis_fw-la importat_fw-la and_o tell_v we_o that_o subject_n
duty_n to_o voluit_fw-la support_v that_o government_n which_o god_n himself_o have_v establish_v over_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v evident_a also_o from_o the_o universal_a practice_n and_o consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n this_o may_v be_v evince_v from_o a_o induction_n of_o particular_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o that_o wherever_o civil_a government_n have_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o what_o from_o soever_o it_o have_v be_v always_o think_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o good_a citizen_n or_o subject_a to_o adhere_v to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o his_o country_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o even_o to_o adventure_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o it_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o government_n in_o the_o world_n wherein_o every_o individual_a person_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o bear_v arm_n be_v not_o oblige_v upon_o some_o great_a occasion_n personal_o to_o assist_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o hazard_v his_o life_n in_o its_o defence_n and_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a indication_n that_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v first_o teach_v man_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n since_o the_o universal_a exact_v of_o they_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o such_o a_o universal_a principle_n wherefore_o dr._n sanderson_n have_v reason_n to_o affirm_v engagement_n that_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n do_v not_o arise_v original_o from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v so_o intrinsical_a proper_a and_o essential_a a_o duty_n and_o as_o it_o be_v fundamental_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o subject_a quà _fw-la talis_fw-la as_o that_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o subject_a do_v after_o a_o sort_n import_v it_o insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v thereupon_o gain_v in_o common_a usage_n of_o speech_n the_o stile_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n whence_o he_o affirm_v these_o inference_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n whether_o 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allegiance_n to_o any_o other_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v not_o of_o right_n due_a or_o to_o incapacitate_v himself_o to_o perform_v it_o to_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n when_o it_o may_v appear_v serviceable_a to_o he_o and_o what_o be_v assert_v by_o this_o great_a casuist_n case_n be_v for_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o deliver_v by_o the_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n who_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a case_n report_n that_o these_o position_n be_v debate_v and_o resolve_v on_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n first_o that_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n second_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n three_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v long_o before_o any_o municipal_a law._n four_o that_o it_o be_v immutable_a it_o appear_v say_v he_o by_o demonstrative_a reason_n that_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n be_v before_o any_o municipal_a or_o judicial_a law_n first_o for_o that_o government_n and_o subjection_n be_v long_o before_o any_o municipal_a law_n second_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o have_v prescribe_v law_n to_o any_o but_o to_o such_o as_o owe_v ligeance_n before_o frustr_n à _fw-la enim_fw-la feruntur_fw-la leges_fw-la nisi_fw-la subditis_fw-la &_o obedientibus_fw-la see_v then_o that_o ligeance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o can_v be_v alter_v or_o take_v away_o for_o albeit_o municipal_a law_n have_v in_o several_a time_n and_o place_n impose_v several_a punishment_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o never_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v change_v and_o this_o say_v he_o appear_v plain_o and_o plentiful_o in_o our_o law-book_n and_o afterward_o he_o argue_v thus_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n whatsoever_o be_v due_a only_a by_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n may_v be_v alter_v but_o natural_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n can_v be_v alter_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o due_a only_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man._n and_o again_o whatsoever_o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v alter_v but_o allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o it_o can_v be_v alter_v thus_o far_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n and_o thus_o far_o have_v i_o consider_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v found_v in_o the_o law_n and_o explain_v by_o lawyer_n i_o be_o further_a to_o consider_v it_o as_o a_o word_n of_o vulgar_a signification_n also_o and_o as_o it_o be_v take_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v by_o law_n and_o immemorial_n custom_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o sovereign_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a they_o shall_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o those_o law_n term_n in_o which_o few_o be_v concern_v be_v by_o few_o understand_v but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o universal_a concernment_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v also_o universal_o understand_v who_o know_v not_o the_o meaning_n of_o parliament_n jury_n assize_n that_o be_v of_o any_o understanding_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v of_o more_o near_o and_o universal_a concernment_n to_o all_o man_n it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o no_o subject_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o the_o oath_n themselves_o which_o the_o subject_n have_v ever_o be_v enure_v to_o have_v sufficient_o teach_v they_o the_o duty_n intend_v by_o it_o that_o they_o must_v pay_v due_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n that_o they_o must_v never_o assist_v his_o enemy_n that_o they_o must_v uphold_v his_o crown_n and_o sometime_o adventure_v even_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o his_o service_n thus_o much_o nature_n itself_o do_v teach_v they_o as_o it_o teach_v child_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n towards_o parent_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o prove_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o man_n of_o tolerable_a understanding_n even_o among_o the_o common_a people_n do_v know_v that_o all_o these_o duty_n be_v include_v in_o true_a allegiance_n ask_v any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n whether_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o k._n w._n do_v not_o violate_v his_o oath_n if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o assist_v k._n j._n to_o dethrone_v he_o whether_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o discover_v all_o the_o design_n of_o k._n j._n against_o he_o that_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o when_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o necessity_n require_v it_o to_o contribute_v his_o actual_a assistance_n also_o to_o oppose_v his_o recovery_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o he_o will_v answer_v that_o his_o allegiance_n bind_v he_o to_o all_o this_o and_o that_o he_o be_v plain_o perjure_a if_o he_o do_v not_o perform_v it_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o common_a people_n as_o they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o those_o subtlety_n which_o man_n of_o learning_n be_v enure_v to_o so_o be_v they_o seldom_o pervert_v with_o those_o nice_a and_o sophistical_a distinction_n by_o which_o man_n of_o subtlety_n perplex_v thing_n plain_a and_o easy_a in_o themselves_o a_o mechanic_n and_o a_o peasant_n apprehend_v what_o motion_n be_v and_o what_o be_v perjury_n as_o well_o as_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n or_o the_o deep_a divine_a and_o they_o know_v what_o allegiance_n and_o faithfulness_n imply_v as_o well_o as_o the_o able_a lawyer_n and_o if_o you_o go_v about_o to_o blunder_v their_o understanding_n with_o distinction_n and_o objection_n they_o be_v but_o where_o they_o we_o 〈…〉_z and_o will_v still_o clear_o apprehend_v what_o they_o understand_v before_o and_o if_o
thus_o i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o of_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o unto_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a and_o bear_v you_o faith_n for_o the_o tenement_n that_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king._n the_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o institutes_n give_v we_o this_o exposition_n of_o it_o 1._o foial_a and_o loâ—al_a which_o be_v word_n equivalent_a to_o faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o these_o word_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n for_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o lord_n counsel_n in_o whatsoever_o be_v honest_a and_o profitable_a omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la debet_fw-la fidem_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la vitâ_fw-la &_o membris_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o terrenô_o honorê_n &_o observatione_fw-la consilii_fw-la svi_fw-la per_fw-la honestum_fw-la &_o utile_fw-la comprehend_v in_o these_o word_n foial_a and_o loyal_a i_o become_v your_o man_n of_o life_n and_o limb._n therefore_o he_o must_v never_o be_v arm_v against_o or_o opposite_a to_o his_o lord_n but_o both_o his_o life_n and_o member_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o lawful_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n as_o it_o be_v receive_v in_o england_n every_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o active_a fidelity_n and_o assistance_n of_o his_o lord_n where_o fore_n 2._o if_o this_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o every_o vassal_n to_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o possible_a for_o man_n of_o sense_n to_o imagine_v that_o a_o low_a degree_n of_o fidelity_n be_v due_a to_o a_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o have_v a_o double_a right_n to_o the_o service_n of_o his_o vassal_n a_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o a_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n have_v the_o law_n ordain_v that_o the_o servant_n shall_v be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o the_o subject_a above_o his_o sovereign_n have_v it_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o leave_v the_o sovereign_n defenceless_a give_v the_o one_o a_o right_a to_o the_o utmost_a service_n of_o his_o vassal_n and_o oblige_v the_o other_o to_o be_v content_a with_o a_o peaceable_a indifferency_n and_o a_o cold_a neutrality_n or_o last_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o enact_v or_o introduce_v these_o law_n do_v intend_v that_o their_o own_o subject_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o superiority_n above_o themselves_o in_o the_o fidelity_n of_o their_o vassal_n this_o sure_o must_v be_v necessary_o false_a as_o it_o be_v plain_o irrational_a and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v so_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o observe_v 1._o that_o in_o the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fealty_n make_v by_o vassal_n to_o inferior_a lord_n the_o sovereign_a lord_n be_v express_o except_v spelman_n ligii_fw-la and_o other_o tell_v we_o that_o frederick_n barbarossa_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v express_o except_v in_o all_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o that_o this_o law_n be_v universal_o receive_v in_o all_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v here_o observe_v in_o england_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o form_n of_o homage_n here_o insert_v 207._o and_o the_o ancient_a oath_n of_o fealty_n in_o fleta_n but_o also_o 2._o by_o the_o same_o feudal_n law_n the_o liege_n vassal_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v express_o oblige_v to_o assist_v and_o defend_v he_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o liege_n homage_n in_o skene_n exp._n and_o of_o a_o liege_n tenure_n in_o the_o feudist_n lige_n and_o from_o the_o common_a form_n of_o liege_n homage_n here_o in_o england_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n in_o these_o word_n feud_n i_o become_v your_o man_n for_o the_o fee_n and_o tenement_n which_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o will_v bear_v you_o faith_n of_o your_o lise_n and_o limb_n your_o body_n ibid._n chattel_n and_o terrene_a honour_n against_o all_o mortal_n whatsoever_o as_o for_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o feudo-ligio_a that_o be_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o they_o be_v bind_v for_o their_o fee_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o vassal_n of_o inferior_a lord_n who_o hold_v but_o mediate_o of_o the_o crown_n be_v also_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o assistance_n of_o their_o sovereign_n to_o this_o purpose_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o willelmus_fw-la nubrigensis_n 1._o be_v cite_v by_o du-fresne_a regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la tanquam_fw-la principali_fw-la domino_fw-la hominium_fw-la cum_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la i._n e._n solenni_fw-la cautione_n standi_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la eo_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o glanvile_n inform_v we_o that_o a_o vassal_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o fight_v against_o his_o own_o immediate_a lord_n and_o last_o that_o statute_n of_o the_o conqueror_n do_v express_o prove_v it_o col._n wherein_o he_o command_v all_o earl_n 58._o baron_n knight_n guliel_n sergeant_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o be_v always_o well_o provide_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n to_o serve_v he_o as_o often_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v according_a as_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o that_o consideration_n have_v give_v they_o land_n in_o fee_n for_o ever_o hitherto_o therefore_o it_o appear_v that_o ligeance_n in_o its_o original_a signification_n imply_v a_o obligation_n to_o assist_v the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n without_o exception_n and_o since_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v manifest_o derive_v from_o the_o feudal_n oath_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o ligeance_n universal_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o feudal_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v its_o original_n and_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n i_o shall_v first_o consider_v in_o general_n and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o obligation_n of_o it_o out_o of_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n second_o i_o shall_v consider_v it_o as_o it_o be_v style_v legal_a and_o three_o natural_a allegiance_n 1._o i_o be_o to_o consider_v the_o obligation_n of_o universal_a allegiance_n in_o general_n hotoman_n observe_v ver_fw-la that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n v._n the_o one_o perform_v by_o vassal_n fidelitas_fw-la and_o the_o other_o by_o citizen_n or_o subject_n and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v a_o law_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n to_o this_o effect_n let_v our_o vassal_n swear_v fealty_n to_o we_o 24._o as_o vassal_n and_o all_o other_o as_o citizen_n from_o sixteen_o year_n to_o seventy_o and_o in_o his_o disputation_n he_o prove_v from_o several_a form_n of_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n exact_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n that_o they_o do_v oblige_v to_o the_o same_o duty_n with_o those_o require_v of_o vassal_n and_o the_o form_n he_o there_o produce_v do_v particular_o oblige_v to_o a_o active_a fidelity_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o man_n live_v agreeable_o in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v therefore_o call_v liegeman_n beccause_n they_o be_v bind_v unto_o their_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o their_o lord_n so_o the_o oath_n they_o be_v require_v to_o take_v and_o the_o allegiance_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king_n be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o feudal_n oath_n and_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o his_o liege_n lord_n and_o sovereign_n the_o late_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law-term_n tell_v we_o manly_n that_o ligeancy_n be_v most_o common_o use_v for_o that_o duty_n which_o every_o good_a subject_n owe_v to_o his_o liege_n lord_n the_o king._n and_o say_v after_o cowel_n that_o it_o be_v thus_o define_v in_o the_o great_a customary_a of_o normandy_n confovere_fw-la that_o it_o be_v a_o obligation_n upon_o all_o vassal_n to_o take_v part_n with_o their_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v to_o serve_v he_o with_o their_o person_n assistance_n and_o advice_n to_o do_v he_o no_o injury_n nor_o in_o any_o thing_n to_o support_v his_o adversary_n against_o he_o so_o that_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o this_o interpreter_n take_v the_o allegiance_n of_o a_o vassal_n and_o every_o good_a subject_a to_o be_v exact_o the_o same_o and_o think_v this_o to_o be_v a_o good_a definition_n of_o it_o which_o be_v as_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o pure_a neutrality_n or_o a_o reservation_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o another_o as_o word_n can_v express_v the_o same_o learned_a interpreter_n have_v yet_o add_v out_o of_o the_o lord_n coke_n another_o
all_o man_n will_v act_v with_o the_o same_o plainness_n and_o sincerity_n if_o they_o will_v be_v true_a to_o their_o own_o sense_n and_o apprehension_n and_o not_o disguise_v they_o with_o artifice_n and_o subtlety_n there_o will_v possible_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o present_a enquiry_n nor_o of_o prove_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n that_o they_o signify_v the_o same_o duty_n now_o which_o always_o they_o have_v do_v that_o when_o they_o be_v swear_v to_o one_o sovereign_a they_o be_v incommuninicable_a at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o any_o other_o that_o we_o must_v not_o bind_v ourselves_o to_o contradictory_n obligation_n and_o can_v possible_o be_v faithful_a to_o k._n w._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o to_o k._n j._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n also_o and_o now_o i_o hope_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o signify_v mere_a submission_n and_o obedience_n only_o but_o also_o faithful_a service_n and_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v in_o the_o law_n sometime_o call_v oath_n of_o obedience_n but_o obedience_n then_o do_v import_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o sovereign_n and_o not_o precise_o a_o peaceable_a conformity_n to_o the_o law_n abstract_v from_o all_o the_o other_o duty_n of_o a_o subject_a and_o this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v prove_v from_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o obedience_n in_o its_o utmost_a latitude_n do_v comprehend_v the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o assistance_n also_o for_o every_o act_n of_o duty_n be_v a_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o therefore_o if_o actual_a assistance_n be_v a_o duty_n to_o discharge_v it_o be_v obedience_n second_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v more_o often_o call_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o therefore_o if_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n do_v as_o i_o have_v show_v imply_v more_o than_o peaceable_a submission_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o do_v not_o imply_v so_o much_o because_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v sometime_o express_v by_o another_o word_n three_o peaceable_a submission_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n do_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o such_o a_o local_a allegiance_n as_o be_v due_a from_o alien_n and_o i_o be_o pretty_a certain_a that_o the_o law_n require_v something_o more_o of_o natural_a english_a subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o allegiance_n than_o they_o do_v from_o german_n and_o italian_n while_o they_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o confound_a of_o allegiance_n and_o precise_a obedience_n to_o the_o lawful_a command_n of_o a_o sovereign_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v a_o very_a common_a and_o obvious_a mistake_n thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pastoral_n letter_n bring_v this_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n in_o question_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o obey_v the_o king_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o and_o if_o so_o it_o also_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v it_o therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v just_a such_o a_o argument_n as_o this_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o bow_v before_o the_o king_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o pay_v divine_a adoration_n to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v divine_a worship_n to_o he_o for_o as_o religious_a worship_n imply_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o civil_a so_o do_v allegiance_n contain_v more_o than_o precise_a obedience_n i_o may_v lawful_o obey_v a_o highwayman_n and_o i_o may_v lawful_o swear_v it_o but_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o i_o may_v lawful_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o he_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v obedience_n to_o cromwell_n in_o all_o lawful_a thing_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o even_o in_o that_o age_n of_o usurpation_n that_o be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o assert_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o that_o unnatural_a usurper_n dr._n sanderson_n prove_v that_o it_o may_v be_v our_o duty_n to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o a_o usurper_n not_o out_o of_o any_o regard_n to_o his_o authority_n which_o he_o say_v be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o upon_o other_o consideration_n ascham_n yet_o he_o be_v absolute_o against_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o usurper_n both_o he_o and_o all_o the_o conscientious_a divine_n of_o that_o age_n can_v easy_o distinguish_v allegiance_n from_o obey_v and_o so_o may_v any_o one_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o resolve_v against_o it_o the_o pastoral_a author_n add_v indeed_o that_o allegiance_n in_o our_o present_a acceptation_n be_v obedience_n according_a to_o law_n which_o be_v true_a if_o obedience_n be_v take_v in_o its_o utmost_a latitude_n but_o than_o it_o will_v include_v a_o obligation_n to_o assist_v k._n w._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o who_o refuse_v the_o oath_n will_v i_o presume_v refuse_v also_o to_o obey_v he_o it_o have_v be_v object_v further_o that_o whereas_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o the_o king_n against_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o be_v insert_v either_o express_o or_o in_o word_n equivalent_a in_o all_o the_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n but_o in_o the_o present_a oath_n it_o be_v whole_o omit_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v presume_v that_o where_o less_o be_v express_v less_o be_v require_v and_o that_o if_o the_o imposer_n have_v intend_v such_o actual_a assistance_n they_o will_v probable_o in_o plain_a word_n have_v require_v it_o what_o the_o reason_n be_v of_o make_v this_o and_o other_o alteration_n in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o i_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o know_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o moment_n to_o inquire_v to_o the_o objection_n propose_v it_o will_v suffice_v to_o answer_v that_o the_o duty_n of_o actual_a assistance_n against_o all_o man_n live_v be_v sufficient_o express_v in_o it_o for_o in_o the_o oath_n we_o be_v require_v to_o swear_v true_a allegiance_n and_o that_o do_v vi_fw-la termini_fw-la import_v such_o a_o obligation_n and_o as_o no_o particular_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n so_o neither_o be_v any_o except_v and_o therefore_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o what_o those_o be_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o the_o law_n and_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n itself_o which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v always_o signify_v a_o adherence_n to_o the_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o particularise_v this_o duty_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v then_o be_v no_o particular_a duty_n intend_v for_o there_o be_v none_o express_v and_o so_o the_o result_n will_v be_v that_o when_o we_o swear_v allegiance_n we_o take_v god_n name_n in_o vain_a and_o swear_v to_o nothing_o at_o all_o and_o this_o be_v the_o answer_n feud_n which_o the_o feudist_n have_v long_o since_o give_v to_o the_o objection_n cujacius_n say_v that_o the_o clause_n of_o defend_v the_o life_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v express_v in_o such_o oath_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o general_a promise_n of_o fidelity_n molinaeus_n tell_v we_o debentur_fw-la that_o a_o certain_a form_n be_v not_o require_v but_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o swear_v in_o general_a word_n as_o for_o instance_n i_o swear_v the_o fealty_n of_o a_o vassal_n or_o i_o do_v homage_n under_o a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a particular_o to_o express_v the_o head_n of_o fidelity_n for_o that_o be_v well_o enough_o understand_v by_o a_o tacit_n reference_n to_o those_o duty_n which_o be_v require_v by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o custom_n and_o he_o add_v it_o may_v be_v also_o answer_v that_o particular_a duty_n be_v not_o therefore_o express_v in_o those_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a but_o only_o for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v one_o objection_n more_o which_o must_v be_v consider_v viz._n that_o this_o be_v a_o oath_n impose_v upon_o clergyman_n as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o that_o since_o the_o law_n have_v ever_o exempt_v they_o from_o military_a service_n it_o be_v certain_a their_o allegiance_n do_v not_o bind_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o allegiance_n require_v in_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o such_o as_o i_o have_v hitherto_o assert_v because_o it_o do_v not_o universal_o bind_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o active_a military_a assistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o
necessary_a to_o do_v it_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o alter_v the_o common_o receive_v meaning_n of_o it_o wherefore_o as_o the_o strike_v out_o the_o word_n rightful_a will_v not_o have_v prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o active_a assistance_n of_o k._n w._n against_o all_o man_n live_v if_o those_o word_n have_v be_v express_o insert_v in_o the_o oath_n so_o neither_o will_v it_o prove_v that_o the_o same_o duty_n be_v not_o now_o require_v of_o we_o if_o the_o word_n allegiance_n do_v as_o i_o have_v prove_v vi_fw-la termini_fw-la import_v it_o and_o that_o as_o full_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o express_a word_n require_v in_o it_o 2._o that_o a_o abatement_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o necessary_o infer_v in_o that_o omission_n do_v appear_v from_o hence_o because_o it_o may_v be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o imposer_n that_o a_o plenary_a and_o unreserved_a allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n even_o to_o a_o k._n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o be_v k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la also_o and_o if_o that_o be_v their_o opinion_n then_o we_o have_v a_o rational_a and_o easy_a account_n of_o that_o omission_n viz._n that_o since_o the_o high_a allegiance_n be_v think_v due_a to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o create_v scruple_n by_o insist_v on_o the_o word_n rightful_a since_o the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n may_v be_v as_o effectual_o do_v without_o it_o and_o the_o present_a governor_n secure_v by_o oblige_v the_o subject_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o they_o and_o that_o this_o be_v probable_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o that_o omission_n must_v needs_o be_v grant_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o that_o opinion_n be_v become_v almost_o universal_a and_o have_v be_v public_o countenance_v and_o assert_v not_o only_o in_o so_o many_o license_v pamphlet_n but_o by_o our_o lawyer_n and_o judge_n and_o even_o by_o our_o lawgiver_n themselves_o however_o it_o clear_o show_v that_o the_o omission_n of_o the_o word_n rightful_a do_v not_o manifest_o prove_v their_o intention_n to_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o low_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n be_v here_o to_o be_v apply_v that_o we_o must_v not_o recede_v from_o the_o customary_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n when_o there_o be_v no_o manifest_a necessity_n for_o it_o further_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o many_o member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v declare_v that_o the_o oath_n be_v intend_v only_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o live_v peaceable_o under_o the_o government_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o word_n seem_v more_o ambiguous_a than_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n that_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o they_o may_v reach_v to_o a_o full_a and_o unreserved_a allegiance_n that_o probable_o there_o be_v not_o many_o that_o will_v say_v that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o debar_v we_o from_o pay_v any_o allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n and_o if_o they_o shall_v there_o be_v more_o who_o will_v declare_v the_o contrary_a and_o that_o last_o the_o declaration_n of_o those_o member_n be_v no_o authentical_a interpretation_n for_o when_o the_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n be_v end_v they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o lawgiver_n but_o as_o private_a person_n and_o they_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o interpret_v statute_n than_o they_o have_v to_o make_v they_o and_o last_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o further_o object_v that_o the_o government_n not_o oppose_v the_o declaration_n which_o have_v be_v public_o make_v by_o many_o that_o they_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o no_o other_o sense_n but_o that_o of_o a_o peaceable_a submission_n do_v imply_v a_o tacit_n approbation_n of_o it_o the_o answer_n be_v obvious_a that_o the_o not_o oppose_v those_o declaration_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o approve_v of_o they_o as_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o imposer_n but_o only_o to_o a_o connivance_n at_o they_o for_o some_o politic_a end_n and_o design_n and_o in_o short_a no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o not_o oppose_v be_v approve_v or_o that_o the_o government_n do_v always_o allow_v of_o that_o which_o it_o do_v not_o punish_v and_o thus_o have_v i_o somewhat_o more_o large_o than_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v explain_v the_o nature_n of_o allegiance_n and_o assert_v the_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o be_v the_o genuine_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v allow_v that_o this_o discourse_n have_v sufficient_o evince_v if_o not_o the_o certainty_n of_o that_o construction_n yet_o at_o least_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o other_o interpretation_n of_o it_o and_o then_o if_o any_o one_o after_o all_o that_o have_v be_v here_o offer_v shall_v remain_v doubtful_a about_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o shall_v only_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o that_o necessary_a caution_n of_o dr._n sanderson_n ob_n that_o when_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v dubious_a 2._o great_a care_n must_v be_v use_v 9_o that_o we_o do_v not_o indulge_v our_o corrupt_a affection_n too_o much_o or_o assume_v to_o ourselves_o a_o loose_a and_o licentious_a way_n of_o interpret_n that_o we_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o evade_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o that_o we_o do_v not_o for_o our_o proper_a interest_n and_o advantage_n affix_v any_o other_o sense_n upon_o the_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o than_o that_o which_o any_o other_o pious_a and_o prudent_a person_n who_o be_v unconcern_v in_o the_o business_n be_v of_o a_o free_a judgement_n will_v easy_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o for_o fear_v of_o give_v scandal_n to_o other_o lest_o any_o other_o weak_a person_n be_v encourage_v by_o our_o example_n shall_v think_v the_o same_o thing_n lawful_a for_o he_o which_o he_o see_v practise_v by_o we_o though_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o subtlety_n by_o which_o alone_o we_o discharge_v ourselves_o from_o perjury_n and_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o viz._n for_o fear_n of_o perjury_n audaciam_fw-la the_o gild_n of_o which_o abominable_a crime_n we_o do_v undoubted_o bring_v upon_o our_o soul_n if_o that_o more_o favourable_a interptation_n which_o embolden_v we_o to_o take_v the_o oath_n shall_v chance_v to_o deceive_v we_o and_o this_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o that_o general_a rule_n which_o require_v we_o in_o thing_n doubtful_a to_o choose_v the_o safe_a side_n but_o it_o be_v much_o safe_a to_o refuse_v the_o oath_n propound_v when_o the_o word_n according_a to_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a sense_n do_v seem_v to_o contain_v any_o thing_n unlawful_a in_o itself_o than_o by_o a_o loose_a interpretation_n so_o to_o mollify_v they_o to_o our_o purpose_n as_o that_o we_o may_v the_o more_o safe_o take_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o such_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v refuse_v but_o not_o that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v without_o any_o either_o fear_n or_o danger_n of_o perjury_n thus_o that_o excellent_a casuist_n and_o in_o another_o place_n where_o he_o express_o propound_v the_o case_n of_o a_o ambiguous_a oath_n his_o resolution_n be_v that_o a_o pious_a and_o prudent_a person_n shall_v absolute_o refuse_v it_o jure_v and_o that_o before_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v right_o take_v it_o be_v expedient_a that_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a agreement_n among_o all_o party_n concern_v the_o imposer_n and_o the_o taker_n about_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o whether_o this_o be_v not_o honest_a and_o conscientious_a divinity_n i_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o judge_v and_o whether_o they_o who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o low_a interpretation_n have_v act_v according_a to_o these_o or_o better_a measure_n they_o themselves_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n if_o they_o have_v herein_o act_v with_o sincerity_n and_o their_o own_o heart_n do_v not_o condemn_v they_o then_o they_o may_v have_v confidence_n towards_o god_n but_o we_o shall_v all_o remember_v that_o god_n be_v great_a than_o our_o heart_n and_o know_v all_o thing_n and_o that_o they_o who_o swear_v deceitful_o or_o change_v when_o they_o have_v swear_v to_o their_o own_o hurt_n shall_v never_o unless_o they_o repent_v abide_v in_o the_o tabernacle_n of_o the_o lord_n nor_o ascend_v into_o his_o holy_a place_n finis_fw-la spel._n in_o ver_n fideles_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la benevola_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la rei_fw-la immobilis_fw-la &_o aequipollentis_fw-la concessio_fw-la cum_fw-la translatione_fw-la utilis_fw-la dominii_fw-la proprietatè_fw-la retentâ_fw-la sub_fw-la exhibitione_n servitiorum_fw-la honestorum_fw-la feud_n declaratio_fw-la ante_fw-la lib._n feud_n disp_n de_fw-fr feud_n c._n 7._o gloss_n in_o ver_fw-la ligium_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 35._o fol._n 79._o l._n 9_o c._n 1._o l._n 3._o c._n 16._o inst_n jur_fw-fr ang._n l._n 2._o tit_n 2._o