decemb._n 6._o 1676._o i_o do_v allow_v the_o print_n of_o this_o book_n fra._n north._n advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n assert_v from_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o at_o the_o king_n suit_n in_o all_o case_n where_o a_o person_n by_o law_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v for_o kill_v of_o another_o person_n that_o the_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v draw_v for_o murder_n and_o that_o the_o grand_a jury_n ought_v to_o find_v it_o murder_n where_o their_o evidence_n be_v that_o the_o party_n intend_v to_o be_v indict_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n and_o do_v kill_v the_o other_o person_n by_o zachary_n babington_n gent._n gen._n ix_o 6._o quicunque_fw-la effuderit_fw-la humanum_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la fundetur_fw-la sanguis_fw-la illius_fw-la ad_fw-la imaginem_fw-la quip_n dei_fw-la creatus_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la num_fw-la xxxv_o 33._o nec_fw-la aliter_fw-la expiari_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la qui_fw-la alterius_fw-la 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of_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o i_o have_v accuse_v myself_o for_o and_o do_v endeavour_v to_o have_v abstract_v and_o omit_v much_o of_o it_o but_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o do_v it_o i_o be_v overcome_v by_o these_o consideration_n that_o it_o be_v the_o first_o essay_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o have_v be_v write_v as_o a_o book_n that_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o reader_n of_o like_a capacity_n some_o perhaps_o may_v gather_v much_o out_o of_o a_o little_a whereas_o other_o will_v gather_v but_o a_o little_a out_o of_o much_o and_o the_o whole_a not_o of_o many_o hour_n read_v which_o may_v be_v worse_o spend_v and_o therefore_o be_v willing_a to_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o have_v first_o frame_v it_o although_o i_o expose_v myself_o to_o be_v censure_v for_o it_o and_o because_o grand_a juror_n put_v so_o great_a a_o obligation_n upon_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v as_o grand_a juror_n and_o from_o that_o as_o they_o conceive_v frame_v so_o strong_a a_o objection_n that_o they_o be_v swear_v to_o present_v all_o such_o thing_n and_o matter_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n and_o that_o the_o judge_n usual_o in_o their_o charge_n dilate_v and_o declare_v the_o law_n as_o to_o all_o the_o several_a species_n and_o degree_n of_o murder_n manslaughter_n etc._n etc._n what_o every_o unlawful_a kill_n of_o a_o man_n be_v in_o law_n according_a to_o the_o several_a circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o therefore_o they_o as_o grand_a juror_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o circumstance_n of_o every_o fact_n before_o they_o what_o it_o be_v in_o law_n as_o well_o as_o in_o fact_n and_o so_o present_a to_o the_o court_n both_o the_o law_n and_o the_o fact_n judice_fw-la inconsulto_fw-la this_o be_v the_o great_a objection_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o any_o of_o they_o against_o what_o be_v here_o assert_v although_o something_o be_v say_v as_o to_o this_o 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shall_v present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o truth_n so_o help_v you_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o see_v by_o the_o oath_n they_o be_v swear_v to_o be_v diligent_a in_o their_o inquiry_n not_o to_o be_v slothful_a or_o negligent_a be_v quicken_v by_o their_o oath_n this_o diligence_n be_v to_o be_v exercise_v in_o a_o inquiry_n and_o this_o inquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v among_o themselves_o in_o what_o they_o know_v of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n or_o shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o inquiry_n which_o next_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o from_o which_o they_o frame_v their_o main_a objection_n viz._n all_o such_o thing_n and_o matter_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n these_o word_n be_v general_a thing_n and_o matter_n and_o certain_o in_o the_o clear_a understanding_n be_v intend_v the_o general_a head_n of_o all_o offence_n by_o they_o 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nature_n of_o the_o case_n the_o court_n and_o the_o king_n council_n have_v frame_v and_o present_v it_o to_o their_o inquiry_n where_o the_o single_a fact_n of_o unlawful_a kill_v another_o etc._n etc._n by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o a_o one_o be_v prove_v unto_o they_o so_o far_o as_o in_o their_o judgement_n it_o be_v fit_a matter_n of_o accusation_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o all_o that_o may_v depend_v upon_o it_o to_o a_o far_o and_o more_o full_a examination_n as_o be_v more_o full_o manifest_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n for_o shall_v the_o judge_n only_o give_v they_o general_a head_n of_o offence_n in_o charge_n as_o he_o well_o may_v and_o many_o time_n do_v without_o distinguish_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o they_o the_o grand_a juror_n will_v then_o want_v a_o ground_n for_o this_o objection_n beside_o i_o have_v ever_o take_v it_o that_o not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v oral_o deliver_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o judge_n but_o that_o also_o that_o be_v deliver_v unto_o they_o from_o the_o judge_n in_o writing_n to_o be_v by_o they_o inquire_v of_o be_v part_n of_o their_o charge_n and_o that_o be_v every_o indictment_n that_o be_v present_v unto_o they_o or_o other_o matter_n in_o write_v commend_v by_o the_o court_n to_o their_o enquiry_n the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n that_o former_o be_v itinerant_a over_o the_o kingdom_n in_o who_o room_n these_o learned_a judge_n succeed_v ever_o give_v their_o charge_n and_o whatever_o be_v enquirable_a by_o the_o grand_a juror_n in_o writing_n which_o if_o so_o understand_v as_o i_o know_v not_o how_o it_o will_v be_v avoid_v they_o be_v then_o by_o their_o oath_n to_o present_v all_o such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n and_o so_o every_o indictment_n of_o murder_n deliver_v by_o the_o court_n unto_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v by_o they_o where_o as_o have_v be_v often_o say_v the_o unlawful_a kill_n be_v so_o far_o prove_v unto_o they_o as_o to_o make_v up_o a_o accusation_n then_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n the_o king_n counsel_n their_o fellow_n and_o their_o own_o they_o shall_v keep_v secret_a by_o the_o king_n counsel_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v any_o direction_n the_o judge_n shall_v in_o court_n give_v unto_o they_o in_o any_o matter_n before_o they_o as_o also_o the_o evidence_n of_o witness_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v to_o they_o on_o the_o king_n behalf_n in_o any_o fact_n for_o no_o other_o witness_n must_v be_v hear_v by_o they_o and_o likewise_o such_o counsellor_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n as_o shall_v manage_v the_o matter_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n for_o no_o other_o council_n be_v to_o be_v hear_v by_o they_o against_o the_o bill_n none_o of_o this_o must_v be_v reveal_v or_o discover_v by_o the_o grand_a juror_n but_o faithful_o keep_v secret_a according_a to_o their_o oath_n from_o the_o party_n concern_v his_o friend_n and_o all_o other_o except_o the_o court_n demand_v any_o question_n from_o they_o upon_o their_o evidence_n so_o likewise_o must_v they_o keep_v their_o fellow_n juror_n counsel_n and_o their_o own_o that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o to_o discover_v what_o any_o one_o of_o themselves_o have_v together_o counsel_v advise_v or_o debate_v in_o the_o business_n before_o they_o against_o such_o a_o person_n they_o be_v the_o king_n great_a council_n upon_o this_o account_n and_o all_o such_o great_a council_n where_o the_o king_n be_v so_o much_o concern_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o secrecy_n for_o otherwise_o by_o reveal_v such_o counsel_n a_o traitor_n a_o murderer_n and_o the_o great_a felon_n may_v escape_v to_o the_o endanger_n of_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o this_o offence_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v for_o treason_n or_o felony_n in_o george_n case_n in_o anno_fw-la 27._o ass_n lib._n ass_n
upon_o his_o indictment_n be_v acquit_v but_o the_o lo._n coke_n in_o his_o three_o institutes_n fol._n 107._o say_v certain_z it_o be_v that_o such_o discovery_n be_v accompany_v with_o perjury_n and_o a_o great_a misprision_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o it_o be_v well_o provide_v by_o the_o oath_n that_o each_o juror_n be_v swear_v to_o keep_v his_o own_o counsel_n also_o for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o keep_v his_o own_o secret_n will_v hardly_o keep_v another_o so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n with_o what_o integrity_n they_o ought_v to_o do_v their_o duty_n they_o be_v to_o present_v no_o person_n for_o any_o offence_n through_o any_o malice_n they_o have_v to_o the_o person_n nor_o omit_v any_o mere_o for_o any_o favour_n they_o have_v for_o the_o person_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v nothing_o but_o practice_n these_o two_o seem_v very_o easy_a but_o indeed_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o flesh_n and_o blood_n not_o to_o take_v revenge_n when_o one_o have_v power_n to_o do_v it_o and_o not_o to_o show_v favour_n when_o there_o be_v power_n and_o opportunity_n to_o express_v it_o not_o but_o that_o a_o grand_a juror_n may_v present_v another_o he_o be_v at_o difference_n withal_o if_o there_o be_v a_o real_a and_o true_a cause_n for_o it_o but_o it_o must_v not_o be_v do_v from_o malice_n and_o by_o way_n of_o revenge_n in_o present_v such_o a_o person_n before_o another_o as_o guilty_a malice_n and_o favour_n two_o great_a enemy_n to_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v exclude_v all_o court_n of_o justice_n as_o too_o partial_a and_o therefore_o the_o oath_n well_o conclude_v that_o they_o shall_v present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n all_o these_o three_o expression_n of_o truth_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o fact_n of_o murder_n or_o unlawful_a kill_n for_o i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n apply_v it_o to_o that_o offence_n in_o a_o legal_a sense_n as_o to_o legal_a proceed_n the_o truth_n that_o be_v truth_n sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o accusation_n against_o a_o nocent_a person_n the_o whole_a truth_n not_o conceal_v any_o part_n of_o it_o wilful_o but_o so_o present_v it_o that_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v the_o unlawful_a kill_v another_o may_v come_v in_o question_n to_o another_o jury_n which_o can_v be_v unless_o it_o be_v find_v murder_n the_o common_a law_n account_v all_o felonious_a and_o unlawful_a kill_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n murder_n until_o the_o difference_n and_o distinction_n appear_v upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o another_o jury_n that_o be_v to_o try_v it_o and_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o point_n of_o law_n upon_o that_o verdict_n observe_v the_o note_n in_o the_o margin_n 26._o what_o that_o statute_n say_v adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n or_o justice_n not_o the_o grand_a jury_n what_o be_v manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la and_o it_o can_v never_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n but_o when_o it_o be_v try_v before_o they_o which_o can_v be_v upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la only_o as_o be_v more_o full_o observe_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n observe_v likewise_o what_o follow_v in_o that_o statute_n sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la so_o that_o by_o this_o statute_n all_o felonious_a kill_n be_v murder_n still_o as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o and_o that_o statute_n be_v not_o to_o be_v repeal_v by_o grand_a juror_n and_o as_o there_o must_v not_o be_v in_o the_o grand_a jury_n suppressio_fw-la very_fw-la a_o suppression_n or_o lessen_v of_o the_o truth_n so_o there_o must_v not_o be_v expressio_fw-la falsi_fw-la a_o false_a accusation_n both_o be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o therefore_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o 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by_o the_o last_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n according_a to_o their_o best_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n for_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n and_o fact_n as_o to_o the_o practice_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n for_o it_o be_v rather_o discretio_fw-la legis_fw-la than_o hominis_fw-la and_o thus_o have_v i_o according_a to_o my_o best_a sense_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o oath_n explain_v it_o and_o answer_v the_o common_a objection_n to_o it_o by_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o oath_n that_o any_o way_n oblige_v they_o against_o what_o i_o have_v either_o here_o or_o in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n advise_v they_o unto_o and_o that_o this_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o evident_a because_o i_o will_v make_v it_o as_o plain_a as_o i_o can_v though_o with_o too_o many_o tautology_n and_o repetition_n i_o shall_v also_o in_o terminis_fw-la set_v down_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n by_o which_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o only_o stand_v charge_v with_o the_o prisoner_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o the_o grand_a jury_n only_o with_o the_o accusation_n against_o he_o you_o shall_v well_o and_o true_o try_v and_o true_a deliverance_n make_v between_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n who_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o charge_n and_o a_o true_a verdict_n give_v according_a to_o your_o evidence_n so_o help_v you_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v formal_o and_o legal_o draw_v up_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o declaration_n at_o law_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n the_o king_n be_v plaintiff_n and_o the_o prisoner_n defendant_n which_o the_o prisoner_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n either_o confess_v and_o then_o he_o be_v convict_v without_o hear_v of_o any_o evidence_n against_o he_o or_o otherwise_o plead_v not_o guilty_a to_o it_o to_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n join_v issue_n by_o cull_v prit_fw-fr viz._n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o prove_v he_o guilty_a and_o so_o the_o issue_n be_v thus_o join_v evidence_n for_o the_o king_n be_v give_v against_o he_o upon_o oath_n to_o which_o he_o make_v his_o defence_n in_o person_n or_o by_o 129._o council_n if_o any_o point_n of_o law_n arise_v to_o which_o he_o desire_v council_n and_o the_o court_n approve_v of_o it_o the_o judge_n be_v as_o well_o of_o council_n for_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o king_n call_v his_o witness_n if_o he_o have_v any_o who_o speak_v upon_o their_o credit_n and_o not_o upon_o their_o oath_n which_o be_v much_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o prisoner_n the_o law_n presume_v in_o favour_n of_o life_n the_o affirmative_a proof_n to_o be_v so_o clear_a against_o the_o prisoner_n that_o nothing_o in_o the_o 29._o negative_a can_v be_v prove_v upon_o oath_n against_o it_o and_o after_o a_o full_a trial_n of_o what_o can_v be_v say_v and_o prove_v on_o 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which_o will_v be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o therefore_o the_o grand_a juror_n have_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o enlarge_v in_o their_o declaration_n or_o accusation_n for_o the_o king_n as_o in_o all_o declaration_n at_o law_n be_v usual_a as_o far_o as_o the_o law_n will_v heighten_v all_o offence_n in_o blood_n 235._o since_o the_o other_o jury_n have_v so_o much_o liberty_n to_o lessen_v the_o damage_n and_o extenuate_v the_o crime_n whatever_o the_o accusation_n be_v now_o upon_o what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o this_o preface_n and_o the_o book_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o much_o i_o have_v subject_v myself_o ad_fw-la capio_fw-la lectoris_fw-la to_o the_o various_a censure_n of_o the_o several_a reader_n especial_o such_o as_o use_v to_o serve_v or_o may_v serve_v on_o grand_a jury_n gentleman_n i_o know_v of_o the_o best_a quality_n next_o to_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o which_o employment_n for_o their_o king_n and_o country_n it_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o serve_v and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v no_o dishonour_n nor_o indignity_n to_o any_o of_o they_o to_o entertain_v or_o at_o least_o to_o peruse_v this_o advice_n how_o they_o may_v with_o the_o great_a prudence_n and_o fidelity_n pass_v through_o a_o enquiry_n after_o innocent_a bloodshed_n when_o they_o be_v call_v unto_o it_o and_o leave_v nothing_o therein_o of_o this_o cry_v sin_n to_o be_v repent_v of_o that_o it_o be_v not_o full_o inquire_v of_o by_o they_o that_o so_o their_o exact_a care_n and_o justice_n may_v keep_v themselves_o secure_a from_o the_o guilt_n of_o innocent_a blood_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v meet_v with_o some_o reader_n so_o possess_v with_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n by_o a_o erroneous_a practice_n or_o misunderstanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a juror_n oath_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o read_v the_o title_n will_v cast_v away_o the_o book_n and_o cry_v a_o paradox_n other_o happy_o more_o unbiased_a in_o their_o opinion_n and_o of_o more_o moderation_n and_o ingenuity_n if_o they_o dislike_v will_v public_o confute_v it_o with_o strong_a argument_n and_o ground_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o better_a experience_n in_o point_n of_o practice_n and_o so_o determine_v the_o point_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v have_v my_o end_n i_o be_o very_o certain_a that_o i_o enter_v not_o upon_o this_o subject_a with_o a_o offensive_a mind_n but_o cum_fw-la moderamine_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la not_o with_o a_o direct_a design_n to_o kill_v any_o but_o rather_o to_o fright_v weaken_v and_o drive_v away_o that_o daemon_n of_o passion_n in_o man_n to_o commit_v murder_n and_o to_o give_v the_o best_a advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n a_o small_a thing_n oft_o time_n have_v the_o power_n to_o redress_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n yea_o to_o take_v up_o a_o cruel_a feud_n as_o virgil_n say_v of_o that_o of_o bee_n when_o they_o be_v actual_o engage_v in_o battle_n he_o motus_fw-la animorum_fw-la atque_fw-la haec_fw-la certamina_fw-la tanta_fw-la pulveris_fw-la exigui_fw-la jactu_fw-la compressa_fw-la quiescent_n advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v the_o great_a happiness_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o in_o all_o common_a and_o ordinary_a trial_n of_o offence_n criminal_a and_o capital_a as_o treason_n murder_n felony_n and_o misdemeanour_n each_o freeman_n and_o so_o be_v all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o to_o this_o shall_v receive_v his_o trial_n per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o his_o equal_n which_o be_v well_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n in_o these_o word_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n liberties_n or_o free-custom_n nor_o be_v outlaw_v banish_a or_o in_o any_o manner_n destroy_v etc._n etc._n but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n this_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v partly_o repeat_v in_o a_o late_a statute_n 143._o and_o there_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v expound_v indictment_n process_n by_o writ_n original_a and_o course_n of_o the_o law_n another_o statute_n recite_v it_o and_o instead_o of_o the_o word_n law_n of_o the_o land_n put_v in_o process_n of_o the_o law_n as_o equivalent_a and_o synonimous_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o again_o a_o statute_n of_o that_o king_n say_v 18._o no_o man_n shall_v answer_v without_o presentment_n before_o the_o justice_n or_o matter_n of_o record_n or_o by_o due_a process_n and_o writ_n original_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n of_o the_o land_n 136._o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o lo._n cook_n that_o oracle_n of_o the_o law_n in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o common_a offence_n and_o nuisance_n the_o king_n can_v in_o a_o ordinary_a way_n put_v any_o man_n to_o answer_v but_o he_o must_v be_v apprise_v by_o indictment_n or_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n a_o felon_n or_o a_o murderer_n can_v be_v convict_v utlawry_n or_o attaint_v though_o he_o confess_v the_o felony_n or_o murder_n until_o a_o grand_a jury_n have_v present_v the_o offence_n nor_o can_v any_o person_n general_o and_o ordinary_o be_v convict_v or_o attaint_v or_o have_v judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n upon_o any_o criminal_a accusation_n but_o there_o must_v be_v two_o jury_n pass_v upon_o he_o at_o least_o 24_o person_n the_o one_o a_o grand_a jury_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o present_v the_o offence_n fit_a for_o a_o trial_n the_o other_o a_o petit_fw-fr or_o lesser_a jury_n inter_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o personam_fw-la accusat_fw-la to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o presentment_n four_o the_o grand_a jury_n come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o county_n ibid._n the_o other_o jury_n of_o the_o very_a neighbourhood_n de_fw-fr vicinetto_fw-it where_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v for_o vicini_fw-la vicinorum_fw-la facta_fw-la optime_fw-la praesumuntur_fw-la scire_fw-la and_o so_o in_o probability_n of_o law_n be_v presume_v to_o know_v something_o experimental_o beside_o what_o they_o have_v by_o testimony_n both_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n truth_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n and_o happy_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o his_o witness_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr prochein_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v be_v most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n the_o first_o be_v call_v a_o grand_a jury_n or_o a_o great_a jury_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o number_n be_v above_o twelve_o the_o general_a certainty_n of_o all_o other_o jury_n and_o may_v be_v as_o many_o as_o the_o court_n please_v but_o usual_o exceed_v not_o 23_o and_o in_o good_a prudence_n when_o there_o be_v much_o or_o weighty_a business_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n for_o if_o there_o be_v less_o or_o more_o they_o may_v be_v so_o divide_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o verdict_n as_o by_o experience_n have_v be_v observe_v for_o less_o than_o twelve_o agree_v can_v make_v a_o legal_a verdict_n or_o they_o be_v call_v grand_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n and_o greatness_n of_o their_o estate_n ability_n of_o their_o judgement_n be_v of_o good_a education_n or_o last_o which_o i_o conceive_v the_o best_a reason_n that_o propter_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la they_o be_v style_v jury_n juratores_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la pro_fw-la corpore_fw-la com._n juror_n for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n for_o the_o county_n of_o s._n and_o as_o the_o commons_o in_o 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abuse_v of_o it_o be_v better_o care_v take_v in_o return_n of_o juror_n 116._o i_o dare_v say_v the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o will_v not_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o excellent_a the_o excellency_n of_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o long_a constant_a and_o general_a use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o people_n of_o england_n this_o way_n of_o trial_n to_o have_v all_o their_o estate_n injury_n and_o live_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o those_o neighbour_n of_o our_o own_o degree_n and_o parity_n and_o without_o exception_n upon_o a_o lawful_a challenge_n certain_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v more_o for_o the_o commendation_n of_o it_o than_o the_o constant_a practice_n and_o unanimous_a approbation_n of_o it_o in_o england_n to_o this_o day_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o it_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o mr._n daniel_n and_o polydore_n virgil_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o polydore_n as_o say_v the_o excellent_a 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that_o he_o may_v have_v god_n mark_n as_o a_o murderer_n upon_o he_o to_o the_o terror_n of_o all_o other_o that_o shall_v see_v he_o what_o visible_a mark_n and_o distinction_n this_o be_v be_v but_o conjecture_v at_o some_o think_v it_o be_v a_o horrible_a shake_n over_o his_o whole_a body_n as_o the_o septuagint_n translate_v who_o for_o thou_o shall_v be_v a_o vagabond_n and_o runagate_n read_v he_o shall_v conscience_n sigh_v and_o tremble_v or_o a_o exceed_a shame_n and_o confusion_n in_o that_o he_o run_v from_o place_n to_o place_n to_o hide_v himself_o or_o some_o visible_a mark_n in_o his_o face_n as_o lyranus_fw-la think_v some_o hebrew_n think_v it_o be_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o forehead_n some_o a_o letter_n some_o that_o a_o dog_n lead_v he_o the_o scripture_n be_v plain_a that_o for_o this_o murder_n he_o be_v to_o be_v a_o fugitive_n and_o a_o vagabond_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o as_o the_o text_n say_v that_o go_v from_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o the_o earth_n be_v accurse_v and_o certain_o the_o guilt_n and_o shame_n he_o carry_v about_o he_o like_o the_o bloody_a jew_n that_o murder_a christ_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n vagabond_n over_o the_o earth_n or_o those_o bloody_a survive_a regicide_n that_o murder_v the_o best_a of_o king_n first_o yet_o live_v with_o that_o black_a mark_n of_o king-killing_a upon_o they_o be_v and_o be_v a_o judgement_n great_a than_o death_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o psalm_n 11._o slay_v they_o not_o lest_o my_o people_n forget_v it_o but_o scatter_v they_o abroad_o among_o the_o people_n and_o put_v they_o down_o o_o lord_n our_o defence_n and_o that_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o cain_n who_o before_o his_o natural_a death_n some_o say_v be_v kill_v by_o lamech_v who_o shoot_v in_o a_o bush_n at_o
kind_n of_o voluntary_a kill_n for_o who_o there_o be_v no_o mercy_n by_o god_n law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o great_a bible_n wilful_a murder_n can_v be_v pardon_v without_o god_n high_a displeasure_n nay_o as_o it_o be_v more_o full_o in_o the_o text_n itself_o 13._o thy_o eye_n though_o the_o most_o compassionate_a sense_n shall_v not_o spare_v he_o but_o thou_o whoever_o thou_o be_v shall_v put_v away_o innocent_a blood_n from_o israel_n that_o it_o may_v go_v well_o with_o thou_o now_o the_o put_v away_o of_o innocent_a blood_n be_v by_o revenge_v it_o on_o he_o that_o spill_v it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 10._o v_o of_o the_o same_o chapter_n that_o innocent_a blood_n be_v not_o shed_v in_o the_o land_n which_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n give_v thou_o to_o inherit_v and_o so_o blood_n come_v upon_o thou_o that_o be_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v not_o impute_v to_o thou_o this_o imputation_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v of_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o imputation_n of_o all_o adam_n sin_n because_o the_o command_n be_v more_o immediate_a and_o legible_a to_o we_o it_o concern_v all_o the_o israelite_n in_o general_a but_o more_o especial_o do_v it_o concern_v those_o choose_v by_o law_n to_o make_v inquisition_n after_o it_o innocent_a blood_n unlawful_o and_o wilful_o shed_v as_o principal_o grand_a juror_n be_v for_o who_o sake_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a discourse_n may_v fix_v the_o better_a upon_o their_o judgement_n and_o thereby_o make_v a_o right_a impression_n upon_o their_o conscience_n to_o be_v more_o circumspect_a and_o careful_a in_o their_o presentment_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n i_o have_v premise_v as_o i_o conceive_v what_o be_v the_o will_n and_o law_n of_o god_n as_o he_o himself_o have_v declare_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o upon_o record_n to_o we_o in_o his_o judicial_n to_o his_o people_n israel_n who_o receive_v law_n and_o judgement_n from_o god_n himself_o for_o their_o whole_a model_n and_o 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their_o law_n some_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n have_v excellent_a law_n as_o ina_n as_o say_v venerable_a bede_n 375._o who_o flourish_v in_o that_o king_n time_n the_o mulct_n or_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v forty_o shilling_n in_o the_o mercian_n law_n in_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n fifty_o shilling_n the_o punishment_n of_o a_o freeman_n be_v pecuniary_a and_o loss_n of_o liberty_n of_o a_o slave_n by_o whip_v treason_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v capital_a and_o can_v not_o be_v appease_v with_o money_n among_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n the_o king_n it_o be_v say_v 56._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la in_o regius_fw-la dimicaret_fw-la capital_a esto_fw-la nisi_fw-la quidem_fw-la rex_fw-la hoc_fw-la illi_fw-la crimen_fw-la condonarit_fw-la if_o any_o shall_v quarrel_v or_o fight_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n it_o be_v capital_a except_o the_o king_n remit_v the_o fault_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n because_o of_o lessen_v their_o strength_n be_v so_o much_o divide_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o be_v a_o aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n or_o corporal_a punishment_n set_v upon_o every_o murderer_n and_o felon_n respect_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n kill_v or_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o yet_o among_o they_o there_o be_v strict_a inquiry_n after_o blood_n by_o punish_v the_o offender_n according_a to_o their_o law_n and_o to_o look_v for_o it_o among_o the_o dane_n and_o their_o law_n will_v be_v to_o as_o little_a purpose_n for_o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o mr._n lambert_n murdri_fw-la temporibus_fw-la vero_fw-la regum_fw-la danorum_fw-la sepultum_fw-la fuit_fw-la jus_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la simul_fw-la sopitae_fw-la temporibus_fw-la eorum_fw-la prava_fw-la voluntas_fw-la vis_fw-la &_o violentia_fw-la magis_fw-la regnabant_fw-la quam_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n right_o be_v bury_v law_n and_o custom_n be_v lay_v asleep_o together_o the_o deprave_a will_n strength_n and_o violence_n do_v reign_v and_o rule_v more_o than_o judgement_n in_o the_o land_n yet_o to_o make_v some_o amends_o we_o have_v it_o by_o good_a tradition_n that_o good_a st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v king_n of_o england_n yet_o of_o saxon_a blood_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o danish_a saxon_a and_o mercian_n law_n a_o universal_a and_o general_a law_n whence_o our_o common_a law_n be_v think_v to_o have_v have_v its_o original_n which_o may_v be_v true_a of_o the_o write_a law_n hoved._n not_o of_o the_o customary_a and_o unwritten_a law_n these_o be_v certain_o more_o ancient_a some_o say_v that_o edward_n the_o three_o before_o the_o conquest_n 11._o set_v forth_o the_o common_a law_n call_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n to_o this_o day_n which_o st._n edward_n espouse_v as_o his_o act_n and_o fall_v last_o upon_o the_o work_n he_o carry_v the_o name_n one_o say_v king_n canute_n compose_v our_o common_a law_n which_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n observe_v this_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o that_o holiness_n that_o he_o receive_v power_n from_o above_o to_o cure_v many_o disease_n among_o other_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o throat_n call_v by_o we_o the_o king_n evil_n a_o prerogative_n that_o continue_v hereditary_a to_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o england_n to_o this_o day_n the_o powerful_a effect_n whereof_o have_v be_v most_o eminent_o manifest_v by_o the_o touch_n of_o our_o most_o gracious_a king_n that_o now_o be_v since_o his_o happy_a return_n into_o england_n upon_o very_a many_o thousand_o second_o some_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o former_o deride_v that_o occult_a personal_a kingly_a virtue_n inherent_a to_o the_o imperial_a sceptre_n of_o england_n be_v of_o st._n thomas_n his_o faith_n that_o will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o feel_v now_o remain_v full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n thereof_o from_o their_o own_o experience_n of_o the_o cure_n upon_o themselves_o the_o aforesaid_a st._n edward_n for_o his_o holiness_n charity_n and_o good_a action_n be_v canonize_v for_o a_o saint_n have_v reign_v over_o england_n twenty_o four_o year_n the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n take_v at_o the_o high_a altar_n swear_v especial_o to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n of_o this_o st._n edward_n these_o law_n so_o collect_v by_o this_o holy_a king_n edward_n be_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o who_o he_o have_v bequeath_v this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o will_n though_o afterward_o he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v it_o by_o the_o sword_n confirm_v in_o these_o word_n 1087._o hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la legem_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la as_o mr._n lambert_n have_v it_o inter_fw-la leges_fw-la gulielmi_n
record_n in_o chancery_n to_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n by_o this_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o all_o that_o be_v rational_a and_o unprejudiced_a that_o have_v not_o former_o assert_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o therefore_o like_o the_o opiniator_n of_o this_o age_n will_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n maintain_v it_o that_o grand_a juror_n be_v not_o lest_o so_o free_a herein_o to_o find_v what_o they_o please_v or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o strict_o according_a to_o their_o evidence_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o these_o latter_a time_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o do_v and_o even_o to_o stand_v upon_o it_o against_o the_o learned_a judge_n themselves_o and_o their_o direction_n and_o advice_n beside_o how_o great_o do_v they_o injure_v the_o party_n accuse_v for_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o no_o high_a a_o offence_n than_o manslaughter_n per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la and_o the_o grand_a jury_n will_v not_o find_v it_o murder_n whereby_o he_o may_v put_v himself_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n direct_v de_fw-fr bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la super_fw-la patriam_fw-la he_o can_v never_o by_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n receive_v a_o total_a and_o final_a discharge_n from_o the_o say_a offence_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v indict_v at_o any_o time_n again_o of_o murder_n for_o the_o death_n of_o that_o party_n as_o he_o may_v be_v at_o any_o time_n after_o during_o his_o life_n notwithstanding_o such_o pardon_n where_o it_o be_v not_o find_v murder_n or_o manslaughter_n at_o the_o first_o he_o can_v make_v no_o plea_n to_o such_o indictment_n in_o discharge_n of_o it_o he_o can_v plead_v auter_n foit_n acquit_v or_o convict_v or_o attaint_v of_o the_o same_o offence_n because_o he_o never_o put_v himself_o de_fw-mi bono_fw-mi &_o malo_fw-la super_fw-la patriam_fw-la upon_o his_o country_n his_o life_n be_v never_o in_o hazard_n for_o it_o whereas_o if_o he_o have_v be_v once_o present_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n for_o murder_n and_o thereupon_o arraign_v receive_v a_o full_a trial_n and_o according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n have_v be_v acquit_v of_o the_o murder_n and_o the_o special_a matter_n of_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la find_v in_o their_o verdict_n which_o by_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o find_v by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n under_o their_o hand_n that_o the_o judge_n upon_o hear_v the_o whole_a matter_n may_v be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v find_v according_a to_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n and_o thereupon_o adjudge_v what_o that_o offence_n be_v in_o law_n if_o in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n that_o have_v receive_v such_o a_o full_a trial_n and_o have_v sue_v out_o a_o certiorari_fw-la out_o of_o chancery_n and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o that_o have_v have_v the_o special_a matter_n the_o whole_a record_n of_o proceed_n certify_v by_o the_o judge_n before_o who_o the_o record_n remain_v and_o thereupon_o have_v procure_v his_o pardon_n of_o course_n out_o of_o chancery_n such_o person_n can_v never_o be_v call_v in_o question_n again_o for_o the_o same_o offence_n but_o he_o may_v plead_v that_o record_n and_o verdict_n of_o acquittal_n from_o the_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n notwithstanding_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v prove_v afterward_o either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n it_o shall_v discharge_v and_o acquit_v he_o for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n as_o in_o this_o case_n ought_v to_o find_v every_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la murder_n notwithstanding_o by_o the_o evidence_n it_o appear_v no_o more_o to_o they_o à _fw-la multo_fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o find_v every_o offence_n that_o appear_v to_o they_o upon_o evidence_n to_o be_v but_o manslaughter_n murder_n for_o the_o act._n bill_n of_o indictment_n as_o it_o come_v from_o their_o hand_n be_v but_o the_o king_n declaration_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o which_o the_o prisoner_n may_v plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o join_v issue_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v it_o try_v whether_o he_o be_v guilty_a or_o not_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n or_o may_v confess_v and_o justify_v as_o he_o shall_v find_v cause_n for_o this_o indictment_n or_o presentment_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n against_o the_o prisoner_n set_v forth_o a_o act_n do_v vi_n &_o armis_fw-la against_o the_o king_n peace_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n all_o which_o be_v violate_v dishonour_a &_o weaken_v in_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o subject_a in_o the_o shed_n of_o innocent_a blood_n by_o which_o his_o land_n be_v defile_v and_o his_o law_n violate_v and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n prima_fw-la fancy_n may_v be_v murder_n and_o therefore_o ought_v as_o well_o as_o all_o declaration_n at_o law_n to_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o full_a circumstance_n of_o aggravation_n a_o fact_n of_o blood_n which_o far_o exceed_v all_o other_o fact_n will_v bear_v especial_o in_o lay_v the_o ground_n work_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o charge_n because_o it_o can_v heighten_v or_o increase_v but_o may_v lessen_v and_o decrease_v like_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o full_a to_o its_o low_a wane_n even_o to_o nothing_o upon_o a_o full_a examination_n and_o debate_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n by_o hear_v of_o party_n and_o witness_n on_o both_o side_n and_o receive_v in_o the_o face_n and_o audience_n of_o the_o court_n such_o a_o scrutiny_n and_o narrow_a search_n as_o blood_n require_v into_o all_o circumstance_n and_o aggravation_n of_o the_o offence_n that_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n by_o the_o learned_a judge_n who_o be_v of_o counsel_n as_o well_o for_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o king_n and_o must_v not_o let_v the_o prisoner_n suffer_v for_o want_v of_o counsel_n in_o law_n that_o a_o grand_a jury_n can_v possible_o do_v they_o hear_v but_o only_a witness_n on_o one_o side_n and_o not_o the_o prisoner_n beside_o their_o want_n of_o judgement_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n in_o all_o case_n of_o blood_n whereas_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o which_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v to_o put_v out_o of_o the_o indictment_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la the_o only_a word_n that_o make_v it_o murder_n the_o court_n can_v never_o judicial_o examine_v the_o malice_n which_o be_v common_o a_o secret_a latent_fw-la thing_n carry_v on_o with_o a_o great_a privacy_n and_o cunning_a and_o appear_v not_o in_o all_o case_n of_o murder_n express_v and_o no_o evidence_n can_v prove_v further_o to_o a_o grand_a jury_n whereas_o the_o law_n in_o many_o case_n imply_v a_o malice_n to_o make_v it_o murder_v although_o the_o party_n never_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o each_o other_o before_o which_o lie_v not_o in_o proof_n of_o witness_n but_o arise_v as_o a_o point_n of_o law_n upon_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n which_o not_o a_o grand_a jury_n but_o the_o court_n be_v judge_n of_o be_v matter_n of_o law_n which_o judgement_n in_o law_n be_v whole_o frustrate_v and_o take_v from_o the_o court_n when_o the_o grand_a juror_n put_v out_o these_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la which_o only_o make_v it_o murder_n out_o of_o the_o indictment_n and_o by_o such_o favour_n indulgence_n or_o wilfulness_n in_o grand_a juror_n many_o time_n the_o great_a murder_n escape_v by_o a_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la or_o at_o least_o by_o a_o manslaughter_n for_o if_o the_o grand_a juror_n shall_v only_o find_v it_o manslaughter_n the_o prisoner_n upon_o his_o arraignment_n present_o if_o he_o can_v but_o read_v get_v any_o one_o to_o help_v he_o or_o corrupt_v the_o ordinary_a no_o great_a difficulty_n to_o do_v confess_v the_o indictment_n and_o prevent_v all_o further_a trial_n upon_o that_o offence_n and_o so_o neither_o the_o judge_n nor_o court_n can_v ever_o come_v to_o understand_v although_o there_o be_v twenty_o witness_n against_o the_o prisoner_n what_o evidence_n the_o grand_a jury_n have_v to_o find_v it_o no_o high_o than_o manslaughter_n nor_o shall_v ever_o come_v judicial_o to_o examine_v the_o nature_n quality_n or_o malice_n if_o any_o be_v circumstance_n and_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n although_o in_o itself_o the_o foul_a murder_n that_o can_v be_v as_o my_o own_o above_o forty_o year_n experience_n attend_v the_o crown_n court_n in_o one_o circuit_n under_o many_o learned_a judge_n have_v too_o often_o experience_v together_o with_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o labour_v grand_a juror_n to_o such_o a_o presentment_n and_o contrive_v with_o the_o prisoner_n to_o confess_v the_o manslaughter_n lest_o the_o truth_n and_o foulness_n of_o the_o murder_n shall_v too_o clear_o manifest_v itself_o as_o truth_n ever_o will_v upon_o a_o judicial_a faithful_a
and_o careful_a examination_n of_o the_o fact_n by_o the_o learned_a judge_n upon_o hear_v the_o party_n and_o evidence_n on_o both_o side_n it_o be_v true_a as_o appear_v by_o two_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o those_o act_n there_o be_v a_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n 8._o that_o indictment_n be_v stuff_v with_o more_o word_n than_o the_o offence_n require_v and_o that_o of_o purpose_n to_o aggravate_v the_o offence_n more_o than_o it_o be_v grievous_a in_o it_o self_n for_o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o mr._n poulton_n 167._o that_o the_o circumstance_n of_o every_o offence_n do_v augment_v or_o diminish_v it_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n thereof_o and_o by_o those_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v there_o be_v a_o reformation_n and_o redress_n make_v therein_o by_o leave_v out_o some_o formal_a aggravate_v word_n but_o then_o material_a use_v in_o those_o time_n in_o all_o indictment_n of_o felony_n and_o murder_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 4_o of_o h._n 4._o 2._o 2._o the_o word_n then_o constant_o use_v in_o all_o indictment_n of_o felony_n without_o which_o the_o indictment_n be_v not_o good_a be_v insidiatores_fw-la viarum_fw-la &_o depopulatores_fw-la agrorum_fw-la provide_v that_o those_o word_n shall_v be_v leave_v out_o in_o all_o such_o indictment_n and_o yet_o the_o indictment_n shall_v be_v good_a without_o they_o and_o well_o they_o may_v leave_v they_o out_o for_o how_o useless_a and_o impertinent_a as_o to_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o indictment_n be_v those_o word_n and_o yet_o the_o effect_n of_o they_o must_v be_v still_o observe_v as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 37_o h._n 8._o c._n 8._o 8._o the_o word_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la viz._n cum_fw-la baculis_fw-la cultellis_fw-la arcubus_fw-la &_o sagittis_fw-la or_o such_o other_o like_o word_n before_o time_n common_o use_v and_o comprise_v in_o all_o indictment_n and_o inquisition_n of_o treason_n murder_n felony_n trespass_n and_o other_o criminal_a offence_n shall_v not_o of_o necessity_n for_o they_o be_v so_o before_o be_v put_v or_o comprise_v in_o any_o inquisition_n or_o indictment_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v good_a only_o with_o these_o word_n vi_n &_o armis_fw-la etc._n etc._n leave_v out_o the_o other_o against_o any_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v take_v as_o former_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n of_o error_n plea_n or_o otherwise_o for_o these_o word_n be_v to_o very_o little_a purpose_n to_o be_v of_o necessity_n use_v in_o every_o indictment_n for_o as_o to_o some_o indictment_n there_o can_v be_v nothing_o of_o pertinency_n or_o congruity_n to_o the_o offence_n in_o they_o and_o yet_o let_v it_o here_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o in_o those_o time_n and_o before_o those_o statute_n former_o mention_v continual_o in_o all_o indictment_n those_o word_n be_v use_v and_o the_o indictment_n find_v by_o the_o grand_a juror_n without_o any_o proof_n make_v to_o they_o of_o such_o circumstance_n than_o essential_a as_o insidiatores_fw-la viarum_fw-la depopulatores_fw-la agrorum_fw-la liar_n in_o wait_n to_o deceive_v upon_o the_o highway_n and_o destroyer_n of_o husbandry_n or_o as_o in_o the_o other_o statute_n cum_fw-la baculis_fw-la cultellis_fw-la arcubus_fw-la &_o sagittis_fw-la viz._n with_o staff_n knife_n bow_n and_o arrow_n when_o perhaps_o he_o that_o commit_v the_o offence_n have_v not_o one_o of_o these_o weapon_n about_o he_o or_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o least_o of_o these_o circumstance_n of_o aggravation_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v necessary_a to_o every_o indictment_n which_o show_v how_o observable_a at_o that_o time_n grand_a juror_n be_v to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o king_n council_n in_o draw_v the_o indictment_n and_o circumstance_n of_o it_o whether_o such_o circumstance_n lay_v in_o proof_n or_o no_o but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o statute_n nor_o any_o other_o statute_n be_v there_o any_o exception_n make_v to_o these_o word_n in_o any_o indictment_n for_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la then_o use_v in_o all_o indictment_n for_o the_o kill_n of_o any_o person_n unlawful_o which_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o use_n to_o be_v put_v into_o all_o indictment_n against_o any_o person_n that_o have_v shed_v innocent_a blood_n for_o as_o mr._n poulton_n in_o the_o very_a folio_n before_o quote_v say_v 167._o write_v upon_o the_o two_o former_a statute_n last_o mention_v if_o one_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n there_o must_v be_v of_o necessity_n in_o the_o indictment_n a_o stroke_n suppose_v 59_o viz._n tali_fw-la die_fw-la &_o anno_fw-la felonicè_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la interfecit_fw-la &_o murdravit_fw-la here_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o indictment_n of_o manslaughter_n as_o well_o as_o murder_n must_v have_v these_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o it_o neither_o let_v any_o think_v that_o it_o be_v press_v further_o in_o foro_fw-la legis_fw-la than_o it_o will_v bear_v in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la or_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v grand_a juror_n be_v use_v but_o as_o cipher_n like_o the_o ordinary_a at_o the_o assize_n pro_fw-la forma_fw-la tantum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o argument_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n here_o use_v seem_v to_o persuade_v they_o like_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v of_o a_o implicit_a faith_n to_o believe_v as_o their_o leader_n will_v have_v they_o and_o to_o do_v as_o they_o require_v they_o and_o yet_o to_o be_v under_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o present_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o be_v right_o consider_v they_o be_v not_o swear_v to_o try_v the_o whole_a truth_n of_o the_o offence_n so_o as_o nothing_o may_v be_v alter_v in_o what_o they_o find_v for_o then_o there_o 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according_a to_o their_o evidence_n and_o thereby_o provoke_v the_o party_n who_o relation_n be_v slay_v to_o the_o nice_a and_o chargeable_a remedy_n of_o a_o appeal_n upon_o such_o appeal_v several_a have_v be_v execute_v after_o they_o have_v be_v acquit_v by_o trial_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n upon_o indictment_n one_o woman_n in_o my_o time_n in_o berkshire_n for_o petty_a treason_n for_o kill_v her_o husband_n after_o she_o have_v be_v acquit_v for_o the_o same_o fact_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n by_o indictment_n be_v convict_v upon_o the_o appeal_n and_o burn_v at_o a_o stake_n look_v how_o high_a the_o appellant_n shall_v draw_v his_o appeal_n against_o the_o appellee_n or_o defendant_n as_o if_o for_o murder_n in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o appellant_n shall_v surcease_v to_o prosecute_v such_o appeal_n as_o by_o nonsuit_n release_v retraxit_fw-la the_o woman_n by_o marry_v a_o husband_n pendent_fw-la light_fw-la or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n as_o if_o the_o appellant_n die_v or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n as_o if_o the_o appellant_n take_v the_o privilege_n now_o in_o all_o the_o former_a case_n where_o the_o appeal_n cease_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o appellant_n that_o be_v he_o that_o prosecute_v the_o appeal_n after_o declaration_n in_o the_o appeal_n the_o defendant_n shall_v not_o go_v at_o liberty_n but_o shall_v be_v arraign_v upon_o the_o same_o declaration_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n for_o that_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o declaration_n there_o be_v a_o murder_n commit_v and_o the_o year_n day_n and_o place_n when_o and_o where_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v and_o the_o same_o be_v not_o try_v and_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v such_o great_a offence_n whereof_o it_o take_v notice_n to_o be_v conceal_v and_o remain_v unpunished_a neither_o will_v the_o king_n at_o his_o suit_n suffer_v it_o to_o be_v extenuate_v into_o a_o lesser_a degree_n of_o murder_n than_o the_o appellant_n do_v so_o careful_a have_v the_o law_n ever_o be_v in_o punish_v of_o murder_n and_o revenge_v innocent_a blood_n which_o it_o seem_v and_o as_o before_o be_v observe_v whilst_o appeal_n be_v in_o use_n and_o the_o king_n suit_n must_v stay_v until_o the_o year_n and_o day_n be_v pass_v many_o murderer_n escape_v unpunished_a and_o the_o kill_n of_o man_n be_v make_v as_o now_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n of_o youth_n valour_n hector_v and_o jest_n in_o regard_n of_o so_o great_a impunity_n it_o find_v by_o frequent_a pardon_n indulgence_n of_o grand_a juror_n and_o other_o and_o true_o it_o be_v much_o with_o we_o in_o this_o age_n as_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n when_o appeal_n be_v in_o use_n and_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o the_o king_n suit_n never_o more_o kill_v of_o man_n by_o duel_n tavern_n and_o game-house_n quarrel_n and_o yet_o never_o more_o impunity_n to_o such_o mankiller_n such_o valiant_a murderer_n of_o their_o fellow_n christian_n especial_o if_o the_o mankiller_n have_v either_o a_o fame_n for_o honour_n or_o valour_n money_n or_o interest_n of_o friend_n to_o procure_v pity_n or_o pardon_n and_o compassion_n from_o the_o grand_a jury_n to_o find_v it_o manslaughter_n if_o they_o will_v go_v so_o high_a where_o it_o be_v murder_n and_o then_o through_o that_o false_a glass_n to_o represent_v it_o to_o a_o most_o merciful_a king_n and_o thereby_o obtain_v a_o pardon_n for_o the_o whole_a offence_n or_o else_o upon_o his_o arraignment_n shall_v confess_v the_o manslaughter_n and_o procure_v a_o respect_n of_o his_o burn_a in_o the_o hand_n because_o a_o gent-hand_n kill_v the_o man_n and_o afterward_o procure_v a_o pardon_n for_o that_o burn_a in_o the_o hand_n which_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o judgement_n but_o a_o notify_v the_o person_n that_o by_o that_o mark_n he_o may_v be_v know_v again_o once_o to_o have_v have_v his_o clergy_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v it_o a_o second_o time_n many_o recent_a and_o fresh_a instance_n in_o particular_a case_n of_o blood_n may_v be_v give_v be_v it_o safe_a or_o seasonable_a to_o make_v reflection_n of_o divers_a murder_n that_o have_v too_o easy_o slip_v through_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n by_o the_o averseness_n ignorance_n or_o partiality_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o not_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o this_o particular_a of_o find_v bill_n murder_n instead_o of_o manslaughter_n yea_o and_o that_o many_o time_n upon_o direction_n give_v in_o court_n after_o open_a evidence_n which_o open_a evidence_n to_o a_o grand_a jury_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n ought_v to_o be_v avoid_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v in_o regard_n it_o do_v too_o much_o lay_v open_a and_o betray_v the_o king_n evidence_n to_o stander_n by_o it_o may_v be_v friend_n of_o the_o prisoner_n that_o may_v make_v too_o much_o use_v of_o it_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o prejudice_n of_o truth_n beside_o many_o witness_n although_o upon_o their_o oath_n will_v not_o speak_v so_o full_o in_o court_n before_o the_o bill_n find_v and_o happy_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n or_o his_o friend_n as_o in_o a_o grand_a jury_n chamber_n more_o private_a beside_o where_o it_o be_v beforehand_o know_v what_o witness-pinching_a endeavour_n will_v be_v use_v to_o keep_v he_o off_o or_o by_o some_o sinister_a way_n to_o be_v comply_v with_o to_o lessen_v or_o hinder_v his_o testimony_n to_o the_o second_o jury_n if_o there_o be_v occasion_n beside_o the_o king_n evidence_n before_o issue_n join_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prisoner_n be_v always_o to_o be_v secret_a only_o open_a to_o the_o grand_a juror_n who_o be_v always_o style_v juratores_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o king_n jury_n and_o be_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n counsel_n their_o felon_n and_o their_o own_o now_o the_o witness_n for_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o king_n council_n which_o will_v abate_v much_o of_o their_o oath_n if_o evidence_n and_o the_o king_n information_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n shall_v be_v open_a and_o common_a and_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v what_o great_a inconvenience_n be_v in_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o appeal_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o so_o indeed_o as_o many_o if_o not_o more_o instance_n of_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v give_v of_o grand_a juror_n in_o this_o age_n the_o best_a thing_n corrupt_v prove_v the_o worst_a you_o may_v conceive_v what_o great_a complaint_n have_v former_o be_v make_v against_o grand_a juror_n in_o parliament_n in_o err_v upon_o both_o hand_n by_o take_v too_o much_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o and_o not_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 8._o in_o the_o 3_o h._n 8._o immediate_o after_o appeal_n begin_v to_o fall_v off_o as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v to_o reform_v they_o and_o to_o reform_v the_o sheriff_n power_n in_o return_v they_o the_o whole_a authority_n of_o return_v inquest_n to_o take_v indictment_n be_v by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o h._n 4._o in_o sheriff_n and_o bailiff_n of_o franchise_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 3_o of_o h._n 8._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o bribe_v of_o sheriff_n and_o their_o bailiff_n and_o officer_n many_o true_a and_o substantial_a person_n be_v divers_a time_n wrongful_o indict_v of_o murder_n felony_n and_o other_o misdemeanour_n to_o the_o utter_a loss_n of_o their_o life_n good_n and_o land_n and_o sometime_o also_o great_a felony_n and_o murder_n be_v conceal_v and_o not_o present_v by_o the_o grand_a juror_n partial_o return_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o their_o minister_n for_o the_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v
to_o find_v a_o bill_n and_o here_o i_o will_v leave_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o grand_a juror_n what_o i_o find_v in_o mr._n justice_n stamford'_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o he_o himself_o observe_v out_o of_o bracton_n a_o very_a ancient_a and_o learned_a lawyer_n as_o bracton_n order_n in_o case_n of_o suspicion_n upon_o indictment_n of_o felon_n 97._o de_fw-fr secta_fw-la regum_fw-la the_o word_n be_v these_o nunc_fw-la autem_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la indictamentis_fw-la per_fw-la famam_fw-la patriae_fw-la quum_fw-la praesumptionem_fw-la inducunt_fw-la &_o cui_fw-la standum_fw-la est_fw-la donec_fw-la indictatus_fw-la se_fw-la à _fw-la tali_fw-la suspicion_n purgaverit_fw-la ex_fw-la fama_fw-la quidem_fw-la oritur_fw-la suspicio_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la fama_fw-la &_o suspicion_n oritur_fw-la gravis_fw-la praesumptio_fw-la tamen_fw-la probationem_fw-la admittit_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la sive_fw-la purgationem_fw-la suspicio_fw-la quidem_fw-la multiplex_fw-la esse_fw-la potest_fw-la primo_fw-la si_fw-la fama_fw-la oritur_fw-la apud_fw-la bonos_fw-es &_o grave_n item_n ex_fw-la facto_fw-la praecedenti_fw-la oriatur_fw-la suspicio_fw-la cui_fw-la etiam_fw-la standum_fw-la est_fw-la donec_fw-la probetur_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o let_v we_o know_v the_o several_a badge_n and_o mark_n of_o suspicion_n advise_v that_o those_o that_o will_v take_v public_a fame_n for_o a_o evidence_n take_v it_o from_o those_o that_o be_v of_o good_a fame_n and_o not_o of_o evil_a person_n as_o he_o go_v on_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr malevolis_fw-la &_o maledicis_fw-la sed_fw-la providis_fw-la &_o fide_fw-la dignis_fw-la personis_fw-la non_fw-la semel_fw-la sed_fw-la saepius_fw-la quia_fw-la clamour_n innuit_fw-la &_o defamatio_fw-la manifestat_fw-la tumultus_fw-la enim_fw-la &_o clamour_n populi_fw-la quandoque_fw-la fiunt_fw-la de_fw-la multis_fw-la quae_fw-la super_fw-la veritatem_fw-la non_fw-la fundantur_fw-la ideo_fw-la vanae_fw-la voces_fw-la populi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la audiendae_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la dicatur_fw-la jesus_n crucifigitur_fw-la barabas_n autem_fw-la liberatur_fw-la the_o whole_a chapter_n be_v well_o worth_a the_o read_n and_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o indictment_n or_o bill_n begin_v thus_o inquiratur_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la let_v it_o be_v inquire_v of_o for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n as_o the_o offence_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n whether_o the_o offence_n be_v so_o as_o be_v there_o suppose_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v say_v we_o judge_v it_o fit_a that_o it_o be_v far_o inquire_v of_o whether_o it_o be_v true_o so_o indeed_o as_o it_o be_v here_o suppose_a for_o the_o offence_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n as_o it_o come_v from_o the_o grand_a jury_n before_o it_o receive_v a_o far_a trial_n and_o enquiry_n of_o another_o jury_n be_v no_o more_o but_o crimen_fw-la suppositum_fw-la &_o impositum_fw-la a_o offence_n suppose_a and_o lay_v to_o one_o charge_n to_o answer_v and_o this_o clear_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o every_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n of_o any_o that_o be_v try_v upon_o a_o indictment_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o record_n be_v these_o viz._n juratores_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n dicunt_fw-la super_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la a.b._n non_fw-la est_fw-la vel_fw-la est_fw-la culpabilis_fw-la de_fw-fr felonia_n &_o murdro_fw-la predict_v in_o indictamento_n praed_fw-we specificat_fw-la ei_fw-la superius_fw-la imponit_fw-la modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la prout_fw-la per_fw-la indictamentum_fw-la praed_fw-we superius_fw-la versus_fw-la cum_fw-la supponitur_fw-la so_o that_o supponitur_fw-la &_o imponitur_fw-la suppose_v and_o impose_v be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o indictment_n the_o grand_a jury_n presentment_n upon_o hear_v of_o one_o side_n be_v the_o supposition_n and_o the_o other_o jury_n upon_o hear_v of_o both_o side_n the_o imposition_n or_o supponitur_fw-la and_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o indictment_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o imponitur_fw-la and_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la of_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n as_o it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o these_o circumstance_n indeed_o be_v the_o proper_a enquiry_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o evidence_n on_o both_o side_n as_o appear_v clear_o by_o the_o pen_n and_o draw_v up_o of_o these_o record_n and_o all_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o in_o every_o common_a declaration_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o 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no_o more_o beside_o it_o be_v always_o say_v in_o the_o record_n where_o such_o a_o jury_n find_v a_o verdict_n juratores_fw-la super_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la dicunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o where_o the_o grand_a jury_n present_a
rob_v of_o church_n rob_v of_o person_n in_o their_o house_n or_o upon_o the_o highway_n wilful_a burn_a of_o house_n or_o barn_n with_o corn_n or_o accessary_n before_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v from_o henceforth_o admit_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o clergy_n but_o suffer_v death_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v no_o clerk_n it_o seem_v all_o that_o be_v that_o be_v as_o many_o as_o the_o ordinary_a then_o esteem_v so_o clerk_n although_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n petty_a treason_n and_o felony_n suffer_v not_o death_n so_o great_a favour_n and_o immunity_n have_v they_o in_o those_o time_n for_o such_o bloody_a and_o cry_a sin_n so_o prevalent_a be_v the_o clergy_n and_o those_o within_o holy_a order_n in_o those_o day_n that_o this_o very_a act_n of_o parliament_n that_o take_v away_o clergy_n from_o other_o that_o commit_v murder_n burglary_n and_o robbery_n and_o other_o offence_n beforenamed_n except_v all_o within_o holy_a order_n order_n from_o the_o same_o pain_n and_o danger_n other_o person_n must_v suffer_v for_o the_o same_o offence_n which_o freedom_n and_o indulgence_n continue_v to_o they_o in_o holy_a order_n as_o they_o call_v it_o until_o the_o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o which_o provide_v that_o they_o within_o holy_a order_n as_o to_o such_o and_o other_o offence_n 1187._o shall_v be_v under_o the_o same_o pain_n and_o danger_n that_o other_o be_v now_o this_o statute_n make_v none_o of_o the_o former_a offence_n felony_n or_o murder_n that_o be_v not_o so_o before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o only_o take_v from_o they_o that_o commit_v any_o of_o these_o offence_n the_o benefit_n of_o their_o clergy_n certain_o there_o want_v not_o those_o that_o commit_v wilful_a murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a as_o we_o now_o distinguish_v it_o before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o those_o that_o commit_v sacrilege_n rob_v person_n in_o their_o house_n and_o upon_o the_o highway_n wilful_o fire_v house_n and_o barn_n with_o corn_n and_o be_v abettor_n to_o the_o say_a offence_n so_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o this_o statute_n make_v no_o alteration_n as_o to_o the_o draw_v and_o pen_v of_o indictment_n of_o murder_n sacrilege_n robbery_n burglary_n etc._n etc._n but_o only_o take_v away_o clergy_n from_o every_o person_n who_o after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a as_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n be_v after_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n for_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a offence_n so_o that_o according_a as_o the_o indictment_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n so_o must_v it_o be_v after_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n wilful_a murder_n in_o the_o statute_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o and_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o the_o same_o king_n comprehend_v as_o well_o that_o which_o we_o call_v manslaughter_n and_o every_o kill_a where_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v free_o engage_v as_o 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debate_v the_o matter_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o on_o both_o side_n those_o word_n be_v matter_n of_o law_n mix_v with_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expunge_v by_o a_o grand_a jury_n because_o they_o can_v afterward_o be_v supply_v nor_o employ_v by_o the_o court_n and_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n after_o the_o arraignment_n of_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v there_o appear_v upon_o trial_n never_o so_o great_a cause_n yet_o felonicè_fw-la and_o some_o other_o word_n though_o material_a may_v be_v supply_v in_o a_o special_a verdict_n if_o upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n quod_fw-la felonicè_fw-la percussit_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v percussit_fw-la tantum_fw-la yet_o the_o verdict_n be_v good_a for_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v to_o resolve_v upon_o the_o special_a matter_n whether_o it_o be_v felonicè_fw-la 69._o etc._n etc._n or_o not_o coke_n lib._n 9_o 69._o and_o if_o the_o court_n adjudge_v it_o murder_n than_o the_o juror_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o verdict_n find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n contain_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o to_o show_v the_o power_n of_o a_o jury_n of_o life_n and_o death_n who_o indeed_o shall_v have_v the_o full_a and_o high_a charge_n can_v be_v lay_v against_o the_o prisoner_n for_o the_o offence_n he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v if_o a._n be_v appeal_v or_o indict_v of_o murder_n viz._n that_o he_o of_o malice_n prepense_a kill_v b._n a_o plead_v that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la yet_o the_o jury_n may_v find_v a_o guilty_a of_o manslaughter_n without_o malice_n prepense_a because_o the_o kill_n of_o a._n be_v the_o matter_n and_o malice_n prepense_a be_v but_o a_o circumstance_n 101_o blow_n com._n 101._o and_o general_o where_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la be_v not_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o issue_n but_o word_n of_o form_n there_o it_o suffice_v although_o the_o verdict_n do_v not_o find_v the_o precise_a issue_n 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o 19_o the_o first_o statute_n that_o i_o find_v these_o word_n mention_v in_o of_o malice_n prepense_a 14._o be_v the_o 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o any_o person_n for_o any_o petty_a treason_n murder_n or_o felony_n have_v obtain_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o be_v otherwise_o discharge_v out_o of_o sanctuary_n and_o afterward_o commit_v another_o petty_a treason_n felony_n or_o manslaughter_n by_o chance-medley_o and_o not_o murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a and_o afterward_o take_v sanctuary_n again_o for_o any_o such_o petty_a treason_n felony_n or_o manslaughter_n by_o chance-medley_o the_o same_o person_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o second_o privilege_n of_o sanctuary_n so_o that_o he_o that_o commit_v murder_n of_o malice_n prepense_a can_v not_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o sanctuary_n a_o second_o time_n then_o come_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 3._o 3._o and_o remedy_n divers_a defect_n that_o be_v in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o forasmuch_o as_o the_o say_a act_n extend_v only_o to_o such_o person_n as_o be_v find_v guilty_a after_o the_o due_a course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n divers_a and_o great_a robber_n murderer_n burglar_n and_o felon_n do_v commit_v those_o offence_n perceive_v and_o clear_o understand_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n unless_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a after_o the_o due_a course_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o their_o arraignment_n of_o and_o upon_o the_o say_a murder_n and_o felony_n so_o by_o they_o do_v and_o commit_v by_o reason_n whereof_o divers_a of_o the_o say_a person_n upon_o their_o arraignment_n of_o the_o say_a offence_n and_o felony_n upon_o their_o indictment_n against_o they_o will_v stand_v mute_a and_o sometime_o challenge_v peremptory_o over_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o or_o else_o will_v not_o answer_v direct_o to_o the_o same_o indictment_n whereupon_o they_o be_v arraign_v according_a to_o law_n it_o be_v therefore_o provide_v by_o this_o statute_n that_o every_o person_n that_o hereafter_o shall_v he_o indict_v of_o petty_a treason_n wilful_a burn_a of_o house_n murder_n robbery_n or_o burglary_n or_o other_o felony_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o the_o 23_o h._n 8._o and_o thereupon_o arraign_v and_o do_v stand_v mute_a of_o malice_n or_o froward_a mind_n or_o challenge_v peremptory_o above_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o or_o else_o will_v not_o or_o do_v not_o answer_v direct_o to_o the_o same_o indictment_n and_o felony_n whereupon_o he_o be_v so_o arraign_v shall_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o form_n as_o if_o he_o have_v direct_o plead_v to_o the_o same_o petty_a treason_n murder_n robbery_n or_o other_o
be_v find_v before_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n and_o that_o make_v too_o special_o verdict_n or_o else_o general_o not_o guilty_a if_o they_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o special_a matter_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v before_o they_o and_o the_o judge_n and_o court_n shall_v afterward_o adjudge_v as_o they_o may_v have_v hear_v the_o evidence_n that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la it_o be_v either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n then_o no_o judgement_n of_o death_n or_o clergy_n can_v be_v give_v upon_o that_o indictment_n or_o verdict_n but_o all_o must_v be_v try_v over_o again_o and_o a_o new_a circuit_n of_o business_n upon_o a_o second_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n and_o how_o dilatory_a and_o idle_a will_v this_o be_v at_o a_o assize_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n if_o judge_n stamford_n be_v alive_a again_o although_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o judgement_n he_o will_v sure_o with_o some_o other_o error_n in_o that_o book_n recant_v this_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o prisoner_n to_o have_v it_o find_v special_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n for_o he_o can_v never_o plead_v either_o such_o a_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o whoever_o shall_v read_v and_o well_o consider_v this_o seven_o chapter_n write_v by_o judge_n stamford_n in_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o this_o opinion_n be_v especial_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o he_o come_v to_o observe_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n and_o how_o the_o certificate_n of_o such_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n shall_v be_v obtain_v must_v of_o necessity_n hold_v his_o first_o opinion_n in_o that_o chapter_n for_o the_o special_a matter_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v very_o inconsiderate_o express_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o learned_a judge_n for_o humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la mistake_v in_o this_o as_o in_o some_o other_o opinion_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o style_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o which_o he_o be_v detect_v by_o the_o lo._n coke_n and_o other_o that_o follow_v he_o who_o stand_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n must_v needs_o see_v far_o than_o he_o do_v or_o can_v as_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o few_o as_o first_o 6._o that_o respite_n of_o execution_n where_o a_o woman_n be_v priviment_n enfent_n where_o a_o woman_n after_o judgement_n plead_v her_o belly_n shall_v be_v grant_v only_o say_v he_o in_o felony_n whereas_o it_o be_v grantable_a both_o in_o high_a treason_n and_o petit_fw-la treason_n 18._o a_o second_o be_v 52._o that_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n after_o the_o murder_n and_o homicide_n commit_v shall_v be_v account_v after_o the_o blow_n give_v or_o poison_v administer_v whereas_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v after_o the_o death_n 53._o for_o then_o the_o party_n be_v murder_v and_o not_o after_o the_o stroke_n or_o poison_v give_v coke_n lib._n 4._o fol._n 41_o 42._o in_o heydon_n case_n a_o three_o observe_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n write_v upon_o the_o statute_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 12._o which_o make_v it_o felony_n to_o steal_v away_o record_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n their_o procurer_n counsellor_n and_o abettor_n say_v this_o act_n express_o extend_v to_o accessary_n before_o and_o leave_v accessary_n after_o to_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n rep._n yet_o there_o may_v be_v accessary_n after_o the_o fact_n for_o whensoever_o a_o offence_n be_v make_v a_o felony_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o shall_v be_v accessary_n to_o it_o both_o before_o and_o after_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o felony_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o though_o this_o act_n express_v only_a accessary_n before_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o accessary_n after_o but_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o law_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n and_o again_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 8_o h._n 29._o 6._o c._n 29._o insufficiency_n or_o want_n of_o freehold_n be_v no_o cause_n of_o challenge_n to_o alien_n who_o be_v impanel_v with_o alien_n notwithstanding_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n opinion_n pl._n coron_n 160._o for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o statute_n 2_o h._n 3._o 5._o c._n 3._o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o inquest_n betwixt_o denizen_n and_o denizen_n but_o enough_o and_o perhaps_o too_o much_o have_v be_v say_v in_o mention_v the_o mistake_n of_o that_o reverend_n and_o learned_a judge_n sr._n pleas._n william_n stamford_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o term_a placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o title_n of_o it_o have_v be_v correct_v amend_v and_o enlarge_v since_o the_o first_o impression_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o urge_v in_o the_o least_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o learning_n and_o honour_n of_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a judge_n or_o from_o the_o value_n of_o that_o book_n which_o notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o few_o mistake_v find_v in_o it_o yet_o be_v of_o as_o high_a esteem_n as_o any_o book_n of_o the_o law_n extant_a upon_o that_o subject_a but_o principal_o to_o show_v that_o he_o may_v as_o well_o err_v in_o his_o opinion_n concern_v grand_a juror_n find_v the_o special_a matter_n as_o in_o those_o mention_v and_o that_o no_o human_a author_n in_o the_o law_n or_o any_o other_o science_n be_v infallible_a and_o that_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o we_o ground_n any_o law_n upon_o the_o bare_a opinion_n of_o any_o one_o or_o two_o person_n though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a part_n or_o esteem_n whereby_o to_o justify_v or_o maintain_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o practice_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v finis_fw-la duellum_fw-la quasi_fw-la duorum_fw-la bellum_fw-la do_v without_o authority_n be_v a_o war_n against_o authority_n that_o which_o the_o victor_n think_v to_o be_v his_o honour_n prove_v his_o dishonour_n his_o life_n his_o land_n and_o good_n be_v by_o law_n forfeit_v and_o his_o blood_n corrupt_v infoelix_fw-la pugna_fw-la ubi_fw-la majus_fw-la periculum_fw-la incumbit_fw-la victori_fw-la quam_fw-la victo_fw-la victo_fw-la the_o oath_n of_o a_o grand_a juror_n stamf._n fol._n 36._o 27._o lib._n ass_n murdrum_n de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la non_fw-la adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la ubi_fw-la infortunium_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la adjudicatum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la statut._n de_fw-fr marlebridge_n 52_o h._n 3._o c._n 26._o 26._o utramque_fw-la partem_fw-la ni_fw-fr audias_fw-la ne_fw-la judices_fw-la qui_fw-la judicat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la parte_fw-la inaudita_fw-la altera_fw-la licet_fw-la aequum_fw-la judicaret_fw-la haud_fw-la aequus_fw-la est_fw-la yet_o grand_a juror_n take_v themselves_o to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n fact_n if_o he_o have_v council_n he_o must_v pray_v it_o before_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a he_o can_v after_o 3._o inst_n fol._n 129._o 129._o and_o that_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o regular_o he_o can_v have_v council_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v the_o court_n ought_v to_o see_v the_o indictment_n trial_n and_o other_o proceed_n good_a in_o law_n lest_o by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n they_o attaint_v the_o prisoner_n 3._o inst._n 137._o fol._n 29._o secta_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v by_o indictment_n which_o be_v the_o king_n suit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v his_o declaration_n the_o king_n former_o do_v not_o pardon_v homicidium_fw-la but_o sectam_fw-la pacis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la de_fw-la homicidiis_fw-la 3._o inst_n fol._n 235._o 235._o 25_o e._n 3._o 4._o 5_o e._n 3._o 9_o 42_o e._n 3._o 3_o vit._n abbot_n st._n alban_n 143._o 143._o 37_o e._n 3._o 18._o 18._o cook_n 3._o inst_n tit._n indict_v 136._o 136._o except_o by_o utlawry_n utlawry_n no_o peer_n or_o subject_a can_v be_v convict_v by_o verdict_n but_o the_o offence_n must_v be_v find_v by_o twenty_o four_o four_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr procheines_fw-fr to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v he_o most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n ibid._n the_o king_n jury_n jury_n jus_fw-la à _fw-la jovis_n nomine_fw-la jus_fw-la qu._n jovis_n os_fw-la omne_fw-la enim_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o justitia_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la v_o statut._n 3_o ed._n 1._o c._n 11._o forasmuch_o as_o many_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n and_o culpable_a of_o the_o same_o by_o favourable_a inquest_n take_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o king_n