information_n for_o my_o lord_n and_o lady_n nairn_n david_n falconer_n of_o newtoun_n and_o michael_n balfour_n of_o forret_fw-la against_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1690._o information_n for_o my_o lord_n and_o lady_n nairn_n david_n falconer_n of_o newtoun_n and_o michael_n balfour_n of_o forret_fw-la against_o the_o earl_n of_o argyle_n there_o be_v a_o petition_n present_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n sound_v upon_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o upon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o judge_n pronunce_v unjust_a sentence_n be_v punishable_a and_o subsume_v that_o the_o decease_a earl_n of_o argyl_n be_v unjust_o forfeit_v and_o desire_v that_o the_o heir_n and_o representative_n of_o the_o lord_n nairn_n sir_n david_n falconer_n of_o newtoun_n and_o sir_n david_n balfour_n of_o forret_fw-la three_o of_o the_o criminal_a judge_n who_o pronunce_v the_o sentence_n of_o forfeiture_n may_v be_v liable_a to_o this_o earl_n of_o argyl_n for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o that_o unjust_a sentence_n amount_v to_o 6000â—_n pound_n sterling_n this_o be_v a_o claim_n such_o as_o be_v never_o offer_v before_o any_o judicatory_a within_o this_o kingdom_n and_o be_v the_o more_o extraordinary_a that_o it_o be_v present_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o all_o these_o judge_n who_o live_v and_o die_v in_o honour_n and_o credit_n and_o the_o reputation_n of_o integrity_n and_o it_o be_v very_o hard_o that_o any_o stain_v or_o bâ—ot_n shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o their_o memory_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o deportment_n and_o opinion_n in_o a_o process_n which_o they_o themselves_o can_v only_o have_v clear_v their_o heir_n be_v altogether_o stranger_n to_o it_o albeit_o there_o be_v several_a law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o judge_n be_v punishable_a for_o do_v wrong_n or_o unhonesty_n or_o for_o refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n yet_o that_o have_v be_v a_o point_n so_o tender_a that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o precedent_a instance_a wherein_o a_o judge_n have_v be_v pursue_v upon_o that_o ground_n so_o that_o real_o these_o act_n may_v be_v reckon_v among_o old_a and_o obsolet_n law_n neither_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o any_o of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v design_v to_o give_v a_o party_n a_o interest_n to_o pursue_v for_o damnage_n by_o unjust_a sentence_n but_o that_o a_o party_n may_v complain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n and_o that_o a_o judge_n be_v find_v guilty_a may_v be_v punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n but_o without_o any_o benefit_n to_o the_o party_n except_o his_o charge_n in_o the_o complaint_n the_o fine_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o judge_n be_v penal_a which_o with_o all_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o fisk._n the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n who_o offer_v the_o complaint_n do_v find_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o claim_n of_o right_n and_o restitution_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n which_o may_v be_v a_o good_a ground_n for_o possess_v or_o affect_v his_o father_n estate_n but_o it_o be_v of_o very_o dangerous_a consequence_n that_o the_o restitution_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n shall_v make_v the_o judge_n obnoxious_a who_o pronunce_v the_o sentence_n this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o restitution_n in_o parliament_n by_o way_n of_o justice_n our_o record_n be_v full_a of_o the_o like_a but_o none_o who_o be_v ever_o so_o restore_v do_v pretend_v in_o this_o or_o any_o by-gone_a age_n that_o the_o judge_n who_o pronunce_v sentence_n shall_v be_v culpable_a and_o if_o it_o be_v sustain_v in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v a_o prospect_n of_o restore_a several_a hundred_o of_o late_a forfeiture_n what_o then_o shall_v become_v of_o the_o judge_n who_o pronunce_v these_o or_o who_o will_v undertake_v to_o serve_v as_o judge_n under_o any_o government_n if_o all_o posterior_n reduction_n or_o impungn_v of_o their_o sentence_n shall_v make_v their_o estate_n liable_a to_o damnage_n and_o what_o be_v now_o acclaim_v in_o the_o case_n of_o criminal_a judge_n be_v much_o more_o competent_a against_o judge_n in_o civil_a matter_n all_o the_o law_n cite_v have_v a_o special_a relation_n to_o civil_a process_n and_o therefore_o our_o predecessor_n in_o make_v of_o these_o law_n have_v foresee_v the_o dangerous_a consequence_n of_o allow_v civil_a action_n to_o party_n who_o either_o real_o be_v or_o apprehend_v themselves_o to_o be_v injure_v they_o do_v not_o place_v any_o right_a interest_n or_o benefit_n to_o the_o private_a party_n prejudge_v but_o only_o that_o they_o may_v be_v informer_n or_o complain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n and_o obtain_v the_o judge_n to_o be_v punish_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n either_o in_o his_o person_n fame_n or_o good_n yet_o so_o as_o no_o share_n do_v fall_v to_o the_o party_n complainer_n by_o that_o process_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o how_o miserable_o will_v all_o the_o fence_n and_o security_n of_o our_o property_n be_v unhinged_a for_o after_o such_o a_o precedent_n there_o will_v remain_v nothing_o but_o to_o run_v throw_v the_o record_n of_o council_n session_n and_o justice_n court_n and_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o damage_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o these_o judicatories_n the_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n thereof_o who_o sentence_n be_v afterward_o reduce_v or_o rescind_v may_v be_v whole_o exhaust_v and_o carry_v away_o neither_o can_v the_o member_n of_o parliament_n act_v in_o a_o judicative_a capacity_n be_v secure_v from_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o preparative_a it_o be_v unnecessar_n and_o unfit_a to_o debate_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o procedure_n against_o the_o decease_a earl_n of_o argyl_n who_o the_o parliament_n have_v restore_v but_o what_o ever_o action_n or_o complaint_n be_v competent_a to_o he_o the_o like_a will_v be_v competent_a to_o all_o who_o shall_v be_v restore_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n for_o albeit_o there_o may_v not_o appear_v the_o like_a clear_a and_o evident_a ground_n for_o their_o restitution_n yet_o be_v restore_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n their_o forfeiture_n must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v be_v unjust_a and_o no_o party_n will_v be_v admit_v to_o plead_v any_o point_n that_o may_v feem_v to_o support_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o sentence_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fix_v and_o settle_v a_o clear_a rule_n or_o limit_v which_o of_o the_o rescinded_a sentence_n be_v more_o or_o less_o unjust_a and_o in_o what_o case_n the_o judge_n shall_v be_v liable_a or_o free_a after_o such_o a_o restitution_n especial_o where_o restitution_n be_v by_o a_o public_a act_n of_o parliament_n without_o process_n or_o citation_n of_o party_n which_o be_v equal_a in_o the_o earl_n case_n and_o all_o other_o who_o shall_v be_v restore_v that_o way_n for_o albeit_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v noâ—_n call_v yet_o there_o be_v once_o a_o restitution_n without_o call_v of_o party_n all_o defence_n be_v now_o preclude_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o process_n which_o in_o deference_n to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n must_v be_v presume_v and_o plead_v as_o absolute_o unjust_a in_o the_o same_o term_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o restitution_n these_o general_a ground_n be_v premise_v it_o be_v answer_v for_o the_o defender_n 1_o mo_z that_o albeit_o the_o earl_n do_v actual_o represent_v his_o father_n as_o heir_n and_o executor_n to_o who_o he_o be_v only_o appearand_a heir_n by_o hâ—â—_n restitution_n and_o thereby_o have_v no_o sufficient_a active_a tittle_n to_o pursue_v and_o that_o the_o defender_n do_v represent_v these_o judge_n upon_o the_o passive_a tittle_n which_o they_o deny_v yet_o the_o doom_n of_o forfeiture_n can_v be_v no_o probation_n that_o these_o three_o judge_n or_o any_o single_a one_o of_o they_o do_v give_v their_o vote_n or_o opinion_n for_o sustain_v the_o relevancie_n but_o only_o that_o the_o relevancy_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o plurality_n which_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o the_o plurality_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o particular_a vote_n or_o vote_n of_o aâ—â—_n one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o three_o judge_n which_o may_v have_v be_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o and_o can_v at_o most_o but_o conclude_v one_o of_o the_o three_o and_o it_o can_v be_v distinguish_v or_o know_v which_o of_o the_o three_o be_v the_o person_n and_o it_o be_v a_o know_a principle_n that_o actore_fw-la non_fw-la probante_fw-la absolâ—tur_fw-la reus_fw-la neither_o can_v any_o probation_n of_o their_o accession_n be_v sustain_v unless_o it_o be_v prove_v under_o their_o own_o hand_n or_o by_o their_o own_o aâ—_n knowledgment_n that_o they_o be_v consent_v or_o concur_v in_o sustain_v the_o relevancie_n because_o albeit_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v fâ—â—_n prove_v of_o that_o point_n which_o
be_v deny_v there_o be_v none_o live_v whâ—_n can_v bear_v testimony_n in_o that_o matter_n except_o two_o judge_n with_o they_o 〈◊〉_d the_o same_o court_n and_o the_o question_n be_v who_o be_v the_o judge_n guilty_a none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v sustain_v to_o liberate_v themselves_o by_o load_v other_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n in_o the_o trial_n by_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n upon_o thâ—_n 63_o act_n 8_o par_n ja_n 3_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o assize_n shall_v be_v call_v and_o inquiry_n make_v at_o they_o if_o they_o do_v all_o agree_n whereby_o no_o particular_a assysour_n can_v be_v single_v out_o from_o the_o rest_n much_o less_o a_o gâ—â—â—_n fix_v upon_o any_o defunct_a who_o be_v not_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o 2_o do_v our_o munieipal_a law_n for_o punishment_n of_o unjust_a or_o negligee_n judge_n be_v all_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o civil_a administration_n of_o jusâ—â—_n betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n and_o not_o one_o of_o they_o do_v relate_v to_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_a mattet_n and_o on_o the_o contrare_fw-la it_o be_v evident_a that_o by_o our_o law_n no_o judge_n or_o assysour_n pass_v upon_o a_o criminal_a process_n can_v undergo_v any_o punishment_n if_o they_o condemn_v but_o only_o in_o case_n they_o acquit_v the_o pannell_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o assize_n of_o error_n provide_v by_o the_o say_v 63_o act_n 8._o parl._n ja._n 3._o in_o case_n the_o inquest_n contrare_fw-la to_o manifest_a knowledge_n do_v acquit_v the_o panel_n but_o no_o punishment_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o sympathy_n of_o humane_a nature_n be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o restrain_v both_o judge_n and_o juror_n from_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a and_o this_o presumption_n have_v so_o satisfy_v and_o fill_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n that_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n provide_v any_o remedy_n or_o punishment_n against_o the_o judge_n in_o that_o case_n 3tio_fw-la in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o petition_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o this_o kingdom_n there_o do_v not_o arise_v any_o inrerest_n or_o damnage_n to_o a_o party_n prejudge_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o any_o judicator_n how_o unjust_a soever_o but_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n libel_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o judge_n amount_n to_o this_o that_o unjust_a and_o negligent_a judge_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n &_o his_o council_n in_o their_o person_n good_n or_o fame_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o offence_n at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o where_o ever_o a_o party_n be_v in_o general_n appoint_v to_o be_v punish_v any_o fine_a or_o pecunial_a punishment_n that_o can_v be_v impose_v by_o that_o law_n do_v fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n unless_o the_o law_n appoint_v a_o particular_a application_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n to_o the_o person_n prejudge_v so_o that_o whatever_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o judge_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n there_o be_v no_o action_n competent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o party_n for_o a_o private_a interest_n or_o at_o most_o only_o for_o the_o charge_n in_o accuse_v and_o prosecute_n the_o judge_n and_o for_o instruct_v this_o defence_n without_o repeat_v the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n found_v on_o the_o same_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o they_o be_v state_v in_o the_o bill_n without_o the_o commentary_n that_o be_v affix_v upon_o they_o express_o contrare_fw-la and_o inconsistent_a therewith_o and_o it_o be_v not_o pretend_v that_o any_o of_o these_o act_n do_v express_o find_v a_o interest_n to_o the_o party_n but_o after_o a_o full_a relation_n of_o the_o act_n there_o be_v subjoin_v a_o commentary_n on_o they_o in_o these_o word_n which_o no_o doubt_n do_v far_o import_v the_o party_n damage_n a_o rare_a assertion_n and_o well_o found_v that_o beside_o the_o penalty_n express_v in_o the_o act_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n a_o far_a penalty_n import_v thereby_o and_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d more_o to_o make_v out_o this_o position_n than_o a_o bare_a assertion_n it_o be_v not_o uâ—ged_v from_o any_o former_a practice_n or_o precedent_n for_o the_o like_a be_v never_o pâ—â—tended_v it_o be_v not_o allege_v that_o in_o other_o law_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nâ—tion_n where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a penalty_n express_v or_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o sovereign_n that_o beside_o thâ—_n special_a or_o arbitrary_a punishment_n express_v there_o shall_v be_v a_o separate_a distinct_a penalty_n competent_a so_o that_o this_o position_n upon_o which_o thâ—_n weight_n of_o the_o whole_a act_n of_o parliament_n cite_v be_v found_v be_v without_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o law_n reason_n or_o precedent_n the_o conclusion_n upon_o it_o must_v fall_v in_o consequence_n and_o the_o defender_n do_v upâ—â—_n good_a ground_n conclude_v that_o see_v these_o act_n do_v not_o contain_v aâ—â—_n clause_n or_o provision_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v that_o no_o doâ—â—_n they_o do_v not_o import_v any_o such_o interest_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o party_n anâ—_n their_o assertion_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o acquiesence_n of_o all_o who_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d any_o former_a age_n have_v be_v injure_v or_o prejudge_v by_o the_o sentence_n 〈◊〉_d any_o judicator_n who_o have_v never_o pretend_v to_o such_o a_o redress_n and_o tâ—â—_n defender_n assertion_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o all_o peâ—â—_n law_n which_o do_v never_o import_v any_o far_a penalty_n than_o what_o be_v special_o express_v and_o without_o question_n the_o earl_n claim_n be_v mere_o peâ—â—_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v no_o way_n enrich_v by_o his_o lâ—â—â—_n or_o any_o consequence_n of_o that_o sentence_n 4to_fw-la albeit_o these_o law_n may_v infer_v a_o punishment_n against_o 〈◊〉_d judge_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v merae_fw-la poenae_fw-la and_o fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n mâ—â—â—_n be_v free_o discharge_v by_o the_o king_n which_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n in_o 〈◊〉_d far_o as_o the_o sentence_n and_o process_n of_o forfeiture_n be_v approven_v by_o 〈◊〉_d act_n of_o parliament_n 1685_o and_o by_o the_o 31_o act_n of_o that_o parliament_n all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o nation_n civil_a or_o criminal_a be_v indemniâ—â—â—_n and_o secure_v anent_o their_o act_n in_o his_o majesty_n service_n and_o thaâ—_n 〈◊〉_d full_o as_o if_o every_o particular_a crime_n and_o misdemannour_n be_v speciaâ—â—â—_n express_v in_o a_o remission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n require_v all_o judâ—â—â—_n to_o interpret_v the_o say_a indemnity_n in_o the_o most_o ample_a and_o favouraâ—â—â—_n sense_n which_o act_n do_v full_o secure_v the_o judge_n as_o to_o any_o claim_n tâ—â—â—_n can_v arise_v either_o to_o the_o fisk_n or_o even_o to_o a_o private_a party_n by_o any_o criâ—â—_n or_o misdemannour_n commit_v or_o ommit_v in_o their_o office_n aâ—â—_n no_o rescision_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n can_v found_v any_o action_n against_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v as_o ample_o exoner_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v pursue_v and_o undergo_v the_o severe_a penalty_n of_o the_o law_n 5to_fw-la in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o lybel_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o earl_n have_v lay_v very_o little_a weight_n upon_o it_o see_v there_o be_v no_o special_a citation_n adduce_v from_o that_o law_n for_o infer_v the_o conclusion_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o rely_v upon_o it_o for_o 1_o albeit_o by_o our_o custom_n great_a recourse_n be_v have_v therteo_fw-la where_o we_o have_v no_o positive_a law_n of_o our_o own_o yet_o in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o case_n where_o we_o have_v special_a statute_n we_o be_v to_o be_v regulate_v thereby_o and_o whether_o the_o penalty_n therein_o express_v be_v more_o or_o less_o than_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v of_o no_o importance_n so_o that_o if_o by_o these_o special_a penal_a law_n of_o this_o nation_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n the_o representative_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v not_o liable_a they_o can_v be_v subject_v to_o any_o punishment_n by_o the_o provision_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o it_o be_v true_a that_o several_a text_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v subject_a a_o unjust_a judge_n to_o severe_a penalty_n which_o do_v distinguish_v two_o case_n either_o the_o same_o be_v pronounce_v per_fw-la imprudentiam_fw-la in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n be_v not_o simple_o liable_a in_o estimationem_fw-la litis_fw-la for_o the_o full_a damage_n and_o interest_n sed_fw-la in_o quantum_fw-la religioni_fw-la judicantis_fw-la visum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la prin_fw-mi fuerit_fw-la l_o ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n coquit_fw-la inst_z de_fw-mi oblige_v quae_fw-la quas_fw-la ex_fw-la delict_n in_fw-it prin_fw-mi or_o otherwise_o the_o unjust_a sentence_n be_v pronounce_v
bill_n insist_v upon_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n viz_o 49_o act_n parl_n 11_o ja_n 6_o and_o 69_o act_n 6_o pâ—â—â—â—_n ja_n 5_o by_o the_o first_o cite_v of_o these_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o whoever_o malicious_o accuse_v another_o of_o treason_n if_o the_o party_n accuse_v be_v acquit_v the_o accuser_n incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n which_o in_o all_o reason_n as_o be_v allege_v ought_v to_o take_v place_n against_o these_o who_o malicious_o condeâ—â—_n the_o innocent_a and_o thereby_o will_v pretend_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v punish_v as_o traitor_n and_o by_o the_o other_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o five_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o traitor_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o his_o mere_a bounty_n do_v restrict_n the_o effect_n thereof_o to_o restitution_n to_o these_o pretence_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a stretch_n of_o invention_n to_o find_v out_o a_o argument_n from_o these_o law_n against_o the_o judge_n or_o their_o heir_n to_o make_v they_o liable_a according_a to_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n and_o to_o which_o the_o earl_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o view_n of_o the_o obvious_a and_o unanswerable_a defence_n above_o write_v especial_o that_o all_o crime_n be_v extinguish_v dby_o death_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v screw_v up_o to_o the_o pitch_n of_o treason_n that_o the_o heir_n may_v become_v liable_a and_o in_o effect_n forfeit_v by_o a_o great_a stretch_n than_o the_o formeâ—_n it_o be_v then_o to_o be_v consider_v by_o what_o reason_n this_o pretence_n can_v be_v support_v which_o must_v necessary_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a claimâ—â—_n and_o imo._n it_o be_v uncontravert_v that_o penal_a statute_n be_v not_o to_o be_v be_v extend_v de_fw-la casu_fw-la in_o casum_fw-la instit_fw-la casum_fw-la l_o 42_o ff_n de_fw-mi poen_fw-mi l_o 19_o ff_n the_o lib_n &_o posthum_fw-la haered_a instit_fw-la and_o though_o the_o law_n affix_v a_o great_a penalty_n to_o 〈◊〉_d small_a crime_n it_o be_v to_o be_v inflict_v licet_fw-la durum_fw-la fit_a quia_fw-la ita_fw-la lex_fw-la scripsit_fw-la bâ—â—_n to_o pretend_v from_o thence_o that_o every_o crime_n as_o heighnous_a of_o its_o oâ—â—_n nature_n or_o have_v any_o resemblance_n to_o that_o which_o be_v express_v shouâ—â—_n be_v punish_v by_o the_o same_o severity_n be_v such_o a_o notion_n as_o never_o former_o enter_v into_o the_o head_n of_o any_o lawyer_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o rendeâ—â—_n every_o man_n uncertain_a in_o his_o life_n or_o estate_n and_o to_o make_v our_o penal_a law_n altogether_o arbitrary_a at_o the_o apprehension_n of_o every_o judge_n according_a to_o his_o opinion_n and_o estimation_n of_o the_o crime_n libel_v 2do_fw-la there_o can_v hardly_o be_v two_o crime_n have_v less_o of_o parity_n or_o resemblance_n one_o to_o another_o then_o that_o of_o a_o malicious_a accuser_n with_o a_o unjust_a judge_n what_o parallel_n can_v be_v imagine_v betwixt_o these_o two_o a_o malicious_a accuser_n be_v a_o person_n who_o offlcious_o and_o unnecessar_o obtrude_v himself_o to_o prosecute_v a_o person_n for_o his_o life_n and_o fortune_n a_o judge_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o his_o office_n to_o give_v a_o sentence_n which_o though_o it_o may_v be_v find_v unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v per_fw-la impertiam_fw-la out_o imprudentiam_fw-la and_o not_o by_o his_o malice_n fraud_n or_o corruption_n as_o be_v above_o mention_v and_o that_o which_o be_v main_o consider_v in_o that_o statute_n be_v the_o officiousness_n of_o the_o accuser_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n and_o therefore_o though_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n shall_v prosecute_v a_o party_n with_o rigour_n it_o be_v not_o understand_v malice_n because_o he_o be_v in_o his_o duty_n or_o office_n so_o the_o judge_n decide_v be_v in_o his_o office_n but_o the_o fault_n be_v a_o miscarriage_n which_o in_o all_o law_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v a_o error_n in_o his_o judgement_n for_o by_o the_o novel_a constitution_n a_o judge_n be_v only_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la to_o swear_v that_o he_o shall_v decide_v secuudum_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la visum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la justius_fw-la &_o melius_fw-la and_o it_o be_v from_o that_o reason_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v exeme_v judge_n from_o any_o process_n upon_o their_o sentence_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fraud_n or_o corruption_n arthur_n hodie_fw-la c_o de_fw-mi judiciis_fw-la 3tio_fw-la let_v it_o now_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o imaginary_a parallel_n betwixt_o the_o judge_n and_o officious_a accuser_n can_v subsist_v which_o be_v impossible_a yet_o that_o can_v found_v no_o action_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o judge_n upon_o king_n james_n the_o fifths_o act_n for_o that_o act_n do_v only_o mention_v the_o case_n of_o lase-majesty_n and_o do_v provide_v that_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v against_o heir_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n so_o that_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o to_o putsute_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o traitor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o both_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o do_v recede_v from_o the_o general_a rule_n that_o all_o crime_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n in_o the_o special_a case_n of_o laese_n majesty_n but_o neither_o of_o these_o do_v authorize_v process_n to_o be_v pursue_v against_o the_o heir_n upon_o statutory_a treason_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o last_o law_n ffâ—â—â—d_fw-la legem_fw-la juliam_fw-la majestatis_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_o reatu_fw-la decedit_fw-la integri_fw-la status_fw-la dece_v 〈◊〉_d extinguitur_fw-la enim_fw-la crimen_fw-la mortalitate_fw-la nisi_fw-la fortè_fw-la quis_fw-la majestatis_fw-la reus_fw-la fuit_fw-la hoc_fw-la crimine_fw-la nisi_fw-la à _fw-la successeribus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la haereditas_fw-la fisco_fw-la vindicatur_fw-la non_fw-la quisquis_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la eadem_fw-la conditione_n est_fw-la sâ—_n perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la aâ—â—_n tus_fw-la caeterum_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la ex_fw-la aliâ_fw-la cousâ_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la reus_fw-la sit_fw-la morâ—_n my_o liberatur_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o every_o treasâ—_n not_o competent_a to_o be_v pursue_v against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o traitor_n that_o which_o be_v special_o call_v laese-majesty_n or_o perduellion_n against_o king_n or_o commonwealth_n but_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o treason_n suâ—â—_n the_o statute_n against_o false_a accuser_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n 4to_fw-la but_o even_o suppose_v also_o that_o as_o the_o crime_n libel_v be_v treâ—â—_n so_o the_o pursut_o be_v competent_a against_o the_o heir_n what_o interest_n arise_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n by_o this_o mean_n the_o king_n majesty_n 〈◊〉_d indeed_o pursue_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o gift_n it_o to_o the_o earl_n but_o such_o nâ—â—â—_n processess_v be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o vogue_n but_o by_o what_o pretence_n thâ—â—_n shall_v by_o a_o seem_a condescendence_n restrict_n the_o claim_n of_o pâ—â—ture_n to_o damage_n and_o interest_n pass_v all_o understanding_n for_o if_o trâ—â—â—_n be_v incur_v the_o action_n arise_v not_o to_o the_o earl_n nor_o can_v damaâ—â—_n pursue_v by_o he_o upon_o that_o ground_n that_o the_o heir_n be_v liable_a as_o 〈◊〉_d case_n of_o treason_n and_o after_o all_o the_o earl_n pretend_v bounty_n iâ—_n strict_v the_o lybel_n be_v whole_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o heir_n the_o i_o â—â—ges_v acclaim_v be_v far_o beyond_o the_o value_n of_o the_o defunctâ—â—_n whole_a estate_n it_o be_v therefore_o humble_o and_o confident_o expect_v from_o the_o wisdom_n aâ—â—stice_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n that_o no_o countenâ—â—_n encouragement_n will_v be_v give_v to_o the_o streach_v pretence_n in_o the_o claim_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o all_o foundation_n in_o law_n civil_a municipal_a and_o without_o example_n and_o which_o carry_v along_o more_o â—â—ning_a consequence_n to_o the_o fame_n and_o reputation_n of_o judge_n whoâ—â—_n honour_n and_o credit_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o innocent_a heir_n and_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o such_o as_o be_v alive_a then_o ever_o be_v point_v any_o former_a case_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n under_o the_o sun_n
by_o fraud_n and_o corruption_n in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n be_v punish_v in_o the_o full_a damage_n and_o interest_n and_o infamy_n but_o by_o that_o law_n fraud_n be_v never_o presume_v prosocio_fw-la presume_v l_o 6_o c_o de_fw-mi dolo_fw-la l_o 13_o §_o 1_o ff_o de_fw-fr pro_fw-la l_o 51_o ff_n prosocio_fw-la so_o that_o however_o palpable_o unjust_a the_o sentence_n do_v appear_v yet_o the_o presumption_n be_v for_o the_o judge_n that_o it_o be_v per_fw-la imprudentiam_fw-la aut_fw-la imperitiam_fw-la unless_o there_o be_v a_o positive_a probation_n that_o there_o be_v corruption_n and_o the_o law_n be_v so_o favourable_a to_o the_o judge_n that_o it_o do_v allow_v he_o to_o purge_v himself_o of_o the_o suspicion_n of_o corruption_n by_o his_o own_o oath_n 2._o oath_n nov_n 124_o cap_n 2._o and_o do_v further_o most_o severe_o punish_v the_o party_n who_o do_v slander_v the_o judge_n and_o subject_v he_o to_o the_o punishment_n to_o which_o the_o judge_n shall_v have_v be_v liable_a so_o that_o the_o presumption_n do_v still_o lie_v for_o the_o judge_n that_o any_o error_n that_o be_v commit_v by_o he_o be_v mere_o per_fw-la imprudentiam_fw-la and_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o be_v arbitrary_a but_o all_o writer_n upon_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la â—alâ—_n judicantium_fw-la do_v agree_v that_o the_o practice_n general_o of_o all_o nation_n have_v recede_v from_o that_o severity_n express_v in_o the_o law_n ‖_o del_o ‖_o perezius_fw-la de_fw-la poem_n jud_v n_o 5_o christene_n u._fw-mi vol_n 4_o decis_n 95_o n_o 4_o argentre_n ad_fw-la consuetud_fw-la britan._n art_n 33_o â—_o 4_o â—_o groenweg_n de_fw-la leg._n abrog_n ad_fw-la tiâ—_n inst_z de_fw-mi ob_fw-la ex_fw-la quas_fw-la del_o it_o be_v therefore_o a_o very_a injurious_a censor_n and_o reflection_n that_o these_o judge_n do_v malicious_o cooperate_v with_o popish_a design_n in_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a see_v all_o of_o they_o live_v and_o dye_v without_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o decline_v from_o the_o protestant_a religion_n in_o which_o they_o be_v educate_v and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n to_o interpret_v the_o action_n of_o other_o man_n in_o the_o most_o favourable_a and_o benign_a sense_n they_o can_v bear_v every_o person_n who_o weigh_v humane_a frailty_n and_o consider_v himself_o likewise_o subject_a to_o infirmity_n aught_o to_o construct_v all_o doubtful_a action_n in_o the_o best_a sense_n and_o never_o to_o presume_v malice_n or_o fraud_n no_o man_n desire_v his_o own_o action_n to_o be_v so_o construct_v et_fw-la quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fâ—â—â—â—_n non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la 3tio_fw-la the_o civil_a law_n do_v restrict_n all_o penal_a action_n and_o do_v alloâ—_n the_o same_o only_a to_o be_v pursue_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a but_o there_o be_v no_o action_n competent_a against_o his_o heir_n except_o in_o two_o case_n where_o either_o the_o action_n have_v be_v pursue_v against_o the_o defunct_a and_o proceed_v the_o length_n of_o litiscontestation_n whereby_o it_o be_v no_o more_o consider_v as_o a_o penal_a action_n but_o as_o a_o civil_a debt_n ex_fw-la quasi_fw-la contractis_fw-la or_o otherwise_o in_o case_n the_o heretage_n be_v enrich_v by_o the_o defunct_n crime_n and_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v only_o action_n grant_v in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o heir_n be_v enrich_v in_o quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la haeredem_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la turpe_fw-la lucrum_fw-la extorqueâ—â—â—_n but_o in_o all_o other_o case_n perduellion_n and_o the_o action_n call_v in_o law_n condictio_fw-la furtiva_fw-la only_o except_v mortalitate_fw-la extinguitur_fw-la crimen_fw-la this_o be_v a_o point_n so_o clear_a that_o it_o be_v beyond_o all_o debate_n be_v plain_o express_v by_o innumerable_a text_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o full_o that_o there_o do_v not_o ariâ—â—_n any_o contraversie_n in_o that_o point_n among_o writer_n or_o practitioner_n 1._o practitioner_n l_o un_fw-we c_o ex_fw-la del_o def_n l_o 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr calum_fw-la l_o 19_o ff_n quod_fw-la moetus_fw-la causa_fw-la l_o ind_n neratius_fw-la 23_o §_o hanc_fw-la actionem_fw-la ff_n add_v l_o aquil_a l_o haec_fw-la actio_fw-la 13_o ff_fw-mi de_fw-mi serve_v corrup_n l._n l_o 9_o §_o 1_o ff_o quod_fw-la fall_v tut_o l_o 3_o §_o pen_n ff_fw-mi si_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d fall_v mod_n l_o 1_o de_fw-fr priv_n del_o l_o 2_o §_o ult_n ff_o vibon_n rapt_a l_o inhonorariis_fw-la 35_o the_o obl_n &_o act_n pupilâ—â—â—â—_n ill_o §_o 1_o de_fw-fr reg_n jur_fw-la §_o ult_n just_a de_fw-fr obl_a quae_fw-la quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la del_fw-it inst_z the_o perpet_n &_o temp_n act_n §_o 1._o if_o then_o this_o action_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o penal_a action_n it_o be_v câ—â—ly_o personal_a and_o it_o can_v with_o any_o shadow_n of_o reason_n be_v controvert_v that_o the_o same_o be_v penal_a against_o the_o judge_n or_o their_o heir_n because_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o process_n be_v the_o punishment_n of_o a_o allege_a fact_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o judge_n whereby_o they_o nor_o their_o heir_n aâ—â—_n no_o way_n enrich_v and_o there_o be_v many_o action_n which_o be_v not_o penâ—â—_n upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o claim_v nothing_o but_o damage_n and_o interest_n quod_fw-la à _fw-la patrimonio_fw-la svo_fw-la abest_fw-la and_o yet_o they_o be_v reckon_v penal_a because_o in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o defender_n they_o be_v such_o his_o fortune_n not_o be_v enrich_v by_o the_o pursuer_n damage_n and_o therefore_o most_o of_o all_o the_o text_n which_o mention_v penal_a action_n to_o be_v personal_a the_o example_n and_o species_n facti_fw-la contain_v in_o these_o law_n be_v inch_n as_o be_v only_o for_o damage_n and_o interest_n upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi but_o penal_a upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o defender_n as_o will_v be_v evident_a to_o any_o who_o shall_v consider_v the_o law_n and_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o lawyer_n in_o this_o matter_n be_v that_o quoties_fw-la actio_fw-la factum_fw-la punit_fw-la &_o in_fw-la dolum_fw-la concepta_fw-la est_fw-la and_o be_v pursue_v against_o he_o who_o be_v not_o enrich_v by_o the_o fraud_n tut_o d._n l_o 9_o §_o â—_o ff_fw-mi quod_fw-la fall_v tut_o the_o action_n be_v penal_a and_o not_o competent_a against_o heir_n albeit_o upon_o the_o pursuer_n part_n it_o may_v seem_v rei_fw-la persecutoria_fw-la for_o damage_n and_o interest_n *_o and_o albeit_o the_o law_n can_v enumerate_v every_o case_n to_o apply_v the_o general_a rule_n to_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v particular_o decide_v i_o 16_o ff_n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la that_o the_o heir_n of_o a_o judge_n can_v be_v pursue_v julianus_n autem_fw-la in_o haeredem_fw-la judicis_fw-la qui_fw-la litem_fw-la svam_fw-la fecit_fw-la actionem_fw-la competere_fw-la putat_fw-la quae_fw-la sententia_fw-la vera_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la multis_fw-la notata_fw-la and_o what_o shadow_n of_o pretence_n can_v remain_v to_o pursue_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v secure_v by_o innumerable_a text_n upon_o that_o general_a ground_n that_o no_o penal_a action_n be_v competent_a against_o heir_n and_o by_o a_o particular_a express_a law_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o judge_n be_v comprehend_v and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o other_o law_n which_o liberate_v the_o heir_n of_o all_o delinquent_n 4to_fw-la as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o heir_n of_o no_o delinquent_n can_v be_v pursue_v the_o like_a hold_n in_o our_o practice_n and_o by_o our_o statute_n and_o for_o verify_v of_o this_o alledgeance_n let_v all_o the_o crime_n which_o be_v punishable_a by_o our_o law_n be_v consider_v and_o see_v if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o can_v be_v instance_a which_o may_v found_v a_o action_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o delinquent_n except_o in_o quantum_fw-la pervenit_fw-la conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o let_v the_o earl_n condescend_v upon_o any_o action_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o be_v ever_o sustain_v or_o acclaim_v and_o why_o be_v it_o that_o our_o law_n do_v require_v a_o special_a statute_n to_o make_v treason_n punishable_a after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o traitor_n by_o a_o action_n against_o his_o heir_n but_o because_o that_o be_v a_o speciality_n wherein_o that_o crime_n be_v difference_v from_o all_o other_o and_o all_o processess_v of_o treason_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o defunct_n be_v express_o found_v upon_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n which_o render_v it_o beyond_o dâ—â—bate_n that_o all_o other_o crime_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o therefore_o although_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n be_v among_o the_o most_o odious_a of_o all_o crime_n and_o whereby_o frequent_o great_a damage_n arise_v to_o the_o heir_n yet_o there_o be_v never_o any_o action_n for_o assythment_n or_o any_o other_o effect_n sustain_v or_o intent_a against_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o murderâ—â—â—_n the_o earl_n appear_v to_o have_v foresee_v the_o inevitable_a force_n of_o this_o deffence_n and_o for_o obviate_a thereof_o he_o do_v in_o his_o