Selected quad for the lemma: law_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
law_n	common_a	court_n	judge_n	4,690	5	7.1911	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A70139	The great charter of the forest, declaring the liberties of it made at Wesminster, the tenth of February in the ninth year of Henry the Third, anno Dom. 1224, and confirmed in the eight and twentieth of Edward the First, anno Dom. 1299 : with some short observations taken out of the Lord Chief Justice Coke's fourth Institutes of the courts of the forests / written for the benefit of the publick.; Charta de foresta	England and Wales.; Coke, Edward, Sir, 1552-1634. Institutes of the laws of England. Part 4. Selections.	1680 (1680)	Wing G1677; ESTC R1823	19,215	42

the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o foreste_n declare_v the_o liberty_n of_o it_o make_a at_o westminister_n the_o ten_o of_o february_n in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o anno._n dom._n 1224._o and_o confirm_v in_o the_o eight_o and_o twenty_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1299._o with_o some_o short_a observation_n take_v out_o of_o the_o lord_n chief_z justice_z coke_n four_o institutes_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o forest_n write_a for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o public_a london_n print_v by_o the_o assignee_n of_o richard_n and_o edward_n atkins_n esquire_n for_o john_n kidgell_n at_o the_o atlas_n in_o cornhill_n near_o the_o royal_a exchange_n 1680._o a_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n find_v how_o well_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la have_v be_v receive_v among_o we_o as_o it_o have_v be_v late_o print_v with_o some_o of_o my_o lord_n coke_n note_n upon_o it_o and_o consider_v likewise_o that_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n which_o be_v make_v and_o confirm_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o other_o do_v in_o effect_n treat_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o therefore_o both_o be_v call_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n i_o can_v not_o but_o imagine_v that_o upon_o take_v the_o same_o course_n and_o present_v you_o with_o some_o of_o that_o great_a man_n comment_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o text_n as_o i_o can_v gather_v they_o out_o of_o his_o four_o institutes_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o forest_n &_o alibi_fw-la i_o can_v not_o i_o say_v but_o imagine_v that_o this_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o foreste_n will_v meet_v with_o a_o equal_a kind_a entertainment_n from_o you_o this_o together_o with_o the_o importunity_n of_o the_o stationer_n make_v i_o set_v about_o the_o work_n and_o i_o will_v here_o speak_v but_o a_o very_a few_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o preface_n because_o i_o will_v not_o long_o keep_v you_o from_o your_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o those_o shall_v be_v excerpt_v from_o my_o lord_n coke_n too_o there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o of_o this_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n put_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o send_v to_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o man_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v safe_o keep_v whereof_o one_o of_o they_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n at_o lambeth_n with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n this_o be_v a_o great_a reach_n of_o policy_n to_o have_v they_o well_o preserve_v and_o beside_o the_o same_o be_v enter_v of_o record_n in_o a_o parliament_n roll._n and_o afterward_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o 25_o e._n 1._o c._n 1._o do_v ordain_v that_o both_o these_o charter_n shall_v be_v send_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n as_o well_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o forest_n as_o to_o other_o and_o to_o all_o sheriff_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o all_o city_n through_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o the_o same_o charter_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o all_o the_o cathedral_n church_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v read_v and_o publish_v in_o every_o county_n four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n in_o full_a county_n viz._n the_o next_o county_n day_n 1._o 28_o e._n 1._o c._n 1._o after_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n the_o next_o county_n day_n after_o christmas_n and_o the_o next_o county_n day_n after_o easter_n and_o the_o next_o county_n day_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n john_n this_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n and_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la my_o lord_n coke_n call_v two_o glorious_a light_n and_o true_o so_o for_o they_o be_v adjudge_v in_o parliament_n to_o be_v take_v as_o the_o common_a 1._o 25_o e._n 1._o 1._o law_n and_o the_o law_n be_v the_o light_n and_o guide_n of_o judge_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la exercitus_fw-la judicum_fw-la tutissimus_fw-la ductor_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la optimus_fw-la judicis_fw-la zenagogus_fw-la &_o lex_fw-la est_fw-la tutissima_fw-la cassis_n and_o albeit_o judgement_n in_o the_o king_n court_n be_v of_o high_a regard_n in_o law_n and_o judicia_fw-la be_v account_v as_o juris_fw-la dicta_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o same_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o if_o any_o judgement_n be_v give_v contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o point_n of_o either_o of_o the_o charter_n by_o the_o justice_n or_o by_o any_o other_o of_o the_o king_n minister_n etc._n etc._n it_o shall_v be_v undo_v and_o hold_v for_o nought_o because_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o law_n and_o in_o such_o high_a estimation_n have_v these_o two_o charter_n be_v that_o they_o have_v be_v confirm_v establish_a and_o command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n by_o two_o and_o thirty_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n the_o great_a charter_n of_o forest_n etc._n etc._n edward_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n lord_n of_o ireland_n and_o duke_n of_o guyan_n to_o all_o to_o who_o these_o present_n shall_v come_v send_v greeting_n we_o have_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o lord_n henry_n our_o father_n sometime_o king_n of_o england_n concern_v the_o forest_n in_o these_o word_n henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n lord_n of_o ireland_n duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o guyan_n and_o earl_n of_o anjou_n to_o all_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n sheriff_n provost_n officer_n and_o to_o all_o bailiff_n and_o other_o our_o faithful_a subject_n who_o shall_v see_v this_o present_a charter_n greeting_n know_v you_o that_o we_o unto_o the_o honour_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o for_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o our_o progenitor_n and_o successor_n king_n of_o england_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o amendment_n of_o our_o realm_n of_o our_o mere_a and_o free_a will_v have_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o all_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o to_o all_o freeman_n of_o this_o our_o realm_n these_o liberty_n follow_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o ever_o chap._n i._n what_o wood_n shall_v be_v disafforre_v imprimis_fw-la we_o will_v that_o all_o forest_n which_o king_n henry_n our_o grandfather_n affore_v shall_v be_v view_v by_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n and_o if_o he_o have_v affore_v any_o other_o a_o wood_n more_o than_o his_o own_o demesne_n by_o which_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v damage_n it_o shall_v be_v forthwith_o disaffore_v and_o if_o he_o have_v affore_v his_o own_o wood_n than_o it_o shall_v remain_v forest_n save_v the_o b_o common_a of_o herbage_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o forest_n to_o they_o who_o before_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v the_o same_o 3._o bulstrode_n 213._o ockam_n cap._n quid_fw-la regis_fw-la foresta_n say_v foresta_n est_fw-la tuta_fw-la ferarum_fw-la mansio_fw-la non_fw-la quarum_fw-la libet_fw-la sed_fw-la silvestrium_fw-la non_fw-la quibuslibet_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la sed_fw-la certis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la idoneis_fw-la unde_fw-la foresta_n e._n mutata_fw-la in_o o._n quasi_fw-la feresta_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ferarum_fw-la statio_fw-la co._n litt._n sect._n 378._o fol._n 233._o a._n forest_n and_o chase_n be_v not_o enclose_v but_o a_o park_n must_v be_v the_o forest_n and_o chase_n do_v differ_v in_o office_n and_o law_n every_o forest_n be_v a_o chase_n but_o every_o chase_n be_v not_o a_o forest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v a_o forest_n by_o special_a grant_n of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o abbot_n of_o whitby_n have_v id_fw-la ibid._n a_o forest_n consist_v of_o eight_o thing_n viz._n of_o soil_n covert_n law_n court_n judge_n officer_n game_n and_o certain_a bound_n co._n inst_z 4._o part._n fol._n 289._o foresta_n est_fw-la nomen_fw-la collectivum_fw-la and_o by_o the_o grant_n thereof_o the_o soil_n game_n and_o a_o free_a chase_n do_v pass_v id_fw-la ibid._n king_n john_n the_o 15_o of_o june_n in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n at_o kummigs-mead_n alias_o kyme-mead_n between_o stanes_n and_o windsor_n grant_v the_o like_a charter_n as_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n be_v id_fw-la ibid._n a_o this_o be_v a_o act_n of_o restitution_n for_o if_o the_o king_n may_v have_v make_v a_o forest_n in_o other_o man_n wood_n than_o can_v not_o the_o owner_n have_v fell_v down_o his_o own_o wood_n without_o view_n and_o licence_n &_o sic_fw-la ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la illius_fw-la etc._n etc._n id_fw-la fol._n 300._o b_o note_v all_o manner_n of_o commons_o be_v save_v chap._n ii_o who_o bind_v to_o the_o summons_n of_o the_o forest_n man_n that_o dwell_v out_o of_o the_o forest_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o come_v before_o the_o justicer_n of_o our_o forest_n by_o common_a summons_n except_o they_o be_v implead_v there_o or_o be_v surety_n for_o some_o other_o that_o be_v attach_v for_o the_o forest_n this_o statute_n of_o charta_fw-la

for_o hunt_v by_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o same_o forester_n and_o before_o they_o attach_v and_o the_o say_a swanimote_n shall_v not_o be_v keep_v but_o within_o the_o county_n wherein_o they_o have_v use_v to_o be_v keep_v within_o every_o forest_n there_o be_v these_o court_n 1_o c._n first_o the_o court_n of_o the_o attachment_n or_o the_o woodmote_n court_n this_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v before_o the_o verderer_n every_o forty_o day_n throughout_o the_o year_n and_o thereupon_o be_v call_v the_o forty-day_n court_n at_o this_o court_n the_o forester_n bring_v in_o the_o attachment_n de_fw-fr viridi_fw-la &_o venatione_fw-la and_o the_o presentment_n thereof_o and_o the_o verderer_n do_v receive_v the_o same_o and_o enrol_v they_o but_o this_o court_n can_v only_o inquire_v and_o not_o convict_v but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v attach_v by_o his_o body_n for_o vert_fw-fr or_o venison_n unless_o he_o be_v take_v with_o the_o manner_n within_o the_o forest_n otherwise_o the_o attachment_n must_v be_v by_o his_o good_n 2_o c._n second_o the_o court_n of_o regard_n or_o survey_v of_o dog_n to_o be_v hold_v every_o three_o year_n for_o expeditation_n as_o before_o have_v be_v say_v 3_o c._n three_o the_o court_n of_o swanimote_a which_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v before_o the_o verderor_n as_o judge_n by_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o swanimote_a thrice_o in_o the_o year_n and_o the_o forester_n ought_v to_o present_v their_o attachment_n at_o the_o next_o swanimote-court_n and_o the_o freeholders_n within_o the_o forest_n be_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o swanimote_a to_o make_v inquest_n and_o jury_n and_o this_o court_n may_v inquire_v de_fw-fr super_fw-la onerationae_fw-la forestariorum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la ministrorum_fw-la forestae_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr eorum_fw-la oppressionibus_fw-la populo_fw-la nostro_fw-la illatis_fw-la and_o this_o court_n may_v not_o only_o inquire_v but_o convict_v also_o but_o not_o give_v judgement_n vid._n 1_o e._n 3._o ca._n 8._o 50_o e._n 3._o assiz_n 442._o co._n instit_fw-la 4_o par_fw-fr f._n 289._o swanimote_a be_v derive_v of_o swein_n that_o be_v saxonicè_fw-la minister_n and_o mote_n or_o gemote_a which_o be_v curia_n i._n e._n curia_fw-la ministrorum_fw-la forestae_fw-la so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o preparative_a for_o the_o justice-seat_n a._n ordinat_fw-la forestae_fw-la 34_o ed._n 1._o cap._n 4._o id_fw-la ibid._n for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a case_n in_o 45_o e._n 3._o in_o a_o writ_n of_o trespass_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n bring_v against_o j._n de_fw-fr w._n the_o defendant_n say_v he_o be_v forester_z in_o fee_n of_o the_o forest_n and_o that_o a_o certain_a swanimote_v it_o be_v present_v by_o the_o forester_n verderer_n regarder_n and_o agistors_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v chase_v and_o take_v deer_n within_o the_o forest_n whereupon_o the_o defendant_n be_v forester_n in_o fee_n come_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o pray_v he_o to_o find_v pledge_n to_o answer_v the_o same_o before_o the_o justice_n in_o eyre_n in_o this_o country_n that_o be_v at_o the_o justice-seat_n and_o that_o to_o do_v the_o plaintiff_n refuse_v by_o force_n whereof_o he_o retain_v he_o until_o he_o have_v perform_v the_o statute_n in_o that_o case_n provide_v and_o justify_v the_o imprisonment_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v de_n son_n tort_fw-fr demesne_n sans_fw-fr tiel_fw-fr cause_n and_o the_o issue_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o court._n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o before_o the_o justice_n in_o eire_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o averment_n against_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o forester_n id._n f._n 290._o hence_o be_v six_o conclusion_n observable_a 1._o first_o that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n be_v allow_v and_o bound_v by_o the_o common-law_n of_o this_o realm_n 2._o second_o that_o though_o the_o verderer_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o swanimote_a and_o the_o steward_n but_o a_o mininster_n yet_o the_o presentment_n in_o that_o court_n be_v as_o well_o by_o they_o as_o verderor_n as_o by_o forester_n or_o keeper_n regarder_n and_o agistors_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n 3._o three_o that_o a_o forester_n or_o keeper_n may_v arrest_v any_o man_n that_o kill_v or_o chase_v any_o deer_n within_o the_o forest_n when_o he_o be_v take_v with_o the_o manner_n within_o the_o forest_n or_o if_o the_o offender_n be_v indict_v if_o a_o man_n be_v so_o imprison_v and_o after_o offer_v sufficient_a pledge_n and_o they_o be_v not_o take_v see_v justice-seat_n for_o forest_n be_v very_o seldom_o hold_v this_o be_v his_o remedy_n in_o the_o termtime_n he_o may_v have_v exit_fw-la merito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n be_v bench_n or_o if_o he_o have_v privilege_n out_o of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n or_o of_o the_o exchequer_n or_o out_o of_o the_o chancery_n without_o any_o privilege_n in_o term_n or_o out_o of_o term_n in_o time_n of_o vocation_n and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v bail_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o next_o eire_n to_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o forest_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o may_v be_v bail_v by_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la replegiando_fw-la direct_v custodi_fw-la forestae_fw-la if_o he_o be_v arrest_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o forest_n for_o hunt_v etc._n etc._n whereof_o he_o stand_v indict_v or_o present_v take_v with_o the_o manner_n he_o find_v twelve_o pledge_n but_o if_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o justice_n in_o eire_n and_o imprison_v he_o can_v be_v bail_v by_o that_o writ_n if_o he_o be_v unjust_o proceed_v against_o he_o have_v there_o remedy_n by_o law_n note_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la replegiando_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o he_o can_v by_v stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 15._o replevy_n any_o man_n imprison_v for_o the_o forest_n be_v take_v with_o the_o manner_n or_o indict_v but_o this_o statute_n reach_v not_o to_o that_o of_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la replegiando_fw-la direct_v custodi_fw-la forestae_fw-la 4._o four_o that_o the_o offender_n may_v be_v retain_v by_o he_o until_o he_o have_v find_v pledge_n to_o appear_v before_o the_o justice_n in_o eire_n because_o as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o swanimote-court_n have_v no_o power_n of_o judicature_n but_o if_o sufficient_a surety_n be_v offer_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v imprison_v 5._o five_o the_o justice_n in_o eire_n at_o his_o session_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n proceed_v upon_o the_o presentment_n or_o verdict_n in_o the_o swanimote-court_n though_o they_o be_v take_v in_o another_o court_n and_o 6._o last_o note_v the_o issue_n join_v upon_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o forester_n viz._n de_fw-fr injuria_fw-la sva_fw-la propria_fw-la absque_fw-la tali_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o allow_v by_o the_o court_n and_o the_o consequent_a thereupon_o note_v also_o that_o if_o at_o the_o swanimote_a the_o presentment_n of_o the_o forester_n be_v find_v true_a by_o the_o jury_n concern_v vert_fw-fr or_o venison_n the_o offender_n stand_v thereof_o convict_v in_o law_n and_o can_v traverse_v the_o same_o but_o a_o indictment_n or_o presentment_n before_o the_o chief-justice_n of_o the_o forest_n at_o a_o court_n of_o 48._o 21_o e._n 3._o 48._o the_o justice-seat_n by_o a_o jury_n and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o swanimote_a may_v be_v traverse_v 8_o e._n 3._o itinere_fw-la pickering_n 147._o a._n because_o it_o be_v not_o present_v but_o by_o one_o jury_n co._n instit_fw-la 4_o par_fw-fr 290_o 291._o 4_o c._n there_o be_v also_o the_o court_n of_o the_o justice-seat_n hold_v before_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o forest_n apt_o call_v justice_n in_o eire_n for_o so_o he_o be_v and_o have_v authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v concern_v vert_fw-fr and_o venison_n etc._n etc._n by_o force_n of_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o forest_n on_o this_o side_n of_o trent_n the_o other_o beyond_o id._n 291._o the_o court_n of_o the_o justice-seat_n can_v be_v keep_v but_o every_o three_o year_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eire_n keep_v their_o court_n every_o seven_o year_n and_o it_o must_v be_v summon_v forty_o day_n at_o least_o before_o the_o sit_v thereof_o and_o one_o write_v of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n id._n ibid._n there_o be_v another_o writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v custodi_fw-la forestae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o this_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n 1._o to_o summon_v all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o forest_n to_o bring_v with_o they_o all_o record_n etc._n etc._n 2._o all_o person_n who_o claim_v any_o liberty_n or_o franchise_n within_o the_o forest_n etc._n etc._n to_o show_v how_o they_o claim_v the_o same_o id._n ibid._n more_o of_o this_o shall_v be_v say_v in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n ▵_o greenhue_n

de_fw-fr foresta_n have_v be_v above_o thirty_o time_n and_o last_o in_o 4_o hen._n 5._o confirm_v and_o enact_v and_o command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n co._n inst_z 4._o part._n fol._n 303._o and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o if_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v make_v against_o any_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o carta_n de_fw-fr foresta_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 42._o e._n 3._o the_o same_o be_v make_v void_a and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o confirmationes_fw-la cartarum_fw-la in_o 25._o e._n 1._o all_o judgement_n give_v against_o any_o of_o the_o point_n of_o carta_n de_fw-fr foresta_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o void_a chap._n iii_o what_o wood_n make_v forest_n shall_v be_v disaffore_v all_o wood_n that_o have_v be_v make_v forest_n by_o king_n richard_n our_o uncle_n or_o by_o king_n john_n our_o father_n until_o our_o first_o coronation_n shall_v be_v forthwith_o disaffore_v unless_o it_o be_v our_o demesne_n wood._n whereas_o henry_n 2._o fitz_n empress_n claim_v that_o he_o may_v make_v forest_n not_o only_o within_o his_o own_o wood_n and_o ground_n but_o in_o the_o wood_n and_o ground_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o thereupon_o make_v divers_a such_o forest_n within_o his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n wood_n and_o ground_n whereupon_o some_o reader_n and_o other_o that_o have_v follow_v they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o henry_n 2._o might_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la do_v that_o which_o he_o do_v this_o act_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n which_o be_v but_o a_o declaratory_a law_n restore_v the_o subject_a to_o his_o former_a right_n be_v direct_o against_o that_o conceit_n as_o you_o may_v see_v before_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o it_o and_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v this_o three_o chapter_n neither_o can_v henry_n 2._o or_o any_o other_o king_n have_v make_v or_o raise_v a_o free_a chase_n park_n or_o warren_n for_o himself_o in_o any_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o subject_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v in_o plowdens_n commentary_n lord_n berkely_n case_n fol._n 236._o that_o the_o common_a law_n have_v so_o admeasured_a note_n note_n the_o king_n prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o take_v away_o nor_o prejudice_v the_o inheritance_n of_o any_o but_o we_o agree_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o ancient_a king_n have_v the_o most_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n or_o at_o least_o great_a desert_n waste_v and_o woody_n ground_n for_o want_v of_o habitation_n they_o may_v make_v what_o forest_n it_o please_v they_o therein_o which_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n and_o cause_n of_o a_o lawful_a beginning_n and_o therefore_o a_o forest_n may_v be_v by_o prescription_n good_a in_o law_n over_o other_o man_n ground_n but_o the_o king_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n may_v make_v a_o forest_n at_o this_o day_n which_o be_v prove_v by_o these_o two_o chapter_n for_o such_o forest_n be_v thereby_o save_v and_o enact_v to_o stand_v co._n 4._o part._n instit_fw-la fol._n 300_o 301._o desertum_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la ab_fw-la hominibus_fw-la deseritur_fw-la &_o feris_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la chap._n iu._n no_o purpresture_n waste_v or_o assart_n to_o be_v make_v in_o forest_n all_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o other_o our_o freeholder_n who_o have_v their_o wood_n in_o forest_n shall_v have_v their_o wood_n as_o they_o have_v they_o at_o the_o first_o ‖_o coronation_n of_o henry_n our_o grandfather_n so_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v quit_v for_o ever_o of_o all_o a_o purpresture_n b_o waste_v and_o c_o assert_n make_v in_o those_o wood_n after_o that_o time_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o year_n of_o our_o coronation_n and_o those_o who_o from_o henceforth_o do_v make_v purpresture_n without_o our_o licence_n or_o waste_v or_o assert_v in_o the_o same_o shall_v answer_v unto_o we_o for_o the_o same_o waste_v purpresture_n and_o assert_n a_o purpresture_n come_v of_o the_o french_a word_n purprise_v or_o pourpris_fw-fr which_o signify_v a_o enclosure_n or_o building_n and_o in_o legal_a understanding_n signify_v a_o encroachment_n on_o the_o king_n either_o upon_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demesne_fw-la land_n of_o his_o crown_n which_o be_v account_v in_o law_n as_o re's_fw-fr publicae_fw-la &_o semper_fw-la favorabile_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la republica_n principis_fw-la patrimonium_fw-la or_o in_o the_o high_a way_n or_o in_o common_a river_n or_o in_o the_o common_a street_n of_o a_o city_n or_o general_o when_o any_o common_a nusans_n be_v do_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n endeavour_v to_o make_v that_o private_a which_o ought_v to_o be_v public_a which_o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 11._o very_o apt_o describe_v in_o these_o word_n dicitur_fw-la autem_fw-la purprestura_fw-la vel_fw-la porprestura_fw-la popriè_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la injustè_fw-fr occupatur_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o viis_fw-la publicis_fw-la obstruct_v '_o well_fw-mi in_o aquis_fw-la publicis_fw-la transversis_fw-la à_fw-la recto_fw-la cursu_fw-la vel_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquis_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la super_fw-la regiam_fw-la plateam_fw-la aliquid_fw-la aedificando_fw-la occupaverit_fw-la &_o generaliter_fw-la quoties_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fit_a ad_fw-la nocumentum_fw-la regii_fw-la tenementi_fw-la vel_fw-la regiae_n viae_fw-la vel_fw-la civitatis_fw-la co._n 2._o instit_fw-la fol._n 272._o it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o the_o eyre_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr bigamis_fw-la in_o 4._o ed._n 1._o to_o inquire_v de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n sive_fw-la in_o aqua_fw-la dulci_fw-la sive_fw-la infra_fw-la libertatem_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la cap._n itineris_fw-la id_fw-la ibid._n it_o appear_v also_o by_o glanvil_n that_o there_o be_v likewise_o purpresture_n do_v to_o subject_n id_fw-la ibid._n b_o waste_v vastum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la à_fw-la vastando_fw-la of_o waste_v and_o depopulate_v and_o for_o that_o waste_n be_v often_o allege_v to_o be_v timber_n which_o we_o call_v in_o latin_a maremium_fw-la or_o maresnium_n or_o maresmium_n it_o be_v good_a to_o fetch_v both_o of_o they_o say_v my_o lord_n coke_n from_o the_o original_a first_o timber_n be_v a_o saxon_a word_n second_o maremium_fw-la be_v derive_v of_o the_o french_a word_n marreim_n or_o marrein_a which_o proper_o signify_v timber_n co._n 1._o instit_fw-la fol._n 52._o b._n 53._o c_o assert_v be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o effect_n as_o some_o hold_v and_o be_v derive_v say_v they_o of_o ad_fw-la and_o sero_fw-la assero_fw-la because_o of_o wood_n ground_n marsh_n or_o waste_a ground_n they_o be_v convert_v to_o be_v sow_o with_o corn_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o register_n and_o f._n n._n b._n it_o be_v write_v assertare_fw-la with_o a_o e._n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o this_o chapter_n here_o in_o the_o latin_n bracton_n 226._o bracton_n lib._n 4._o fol._n 226._o hereof_o say_v illud_fw-la quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la aliquando_fw-la boscus_fw-la &_o locus_fw-la vastae_fw-la solitudinis_fw-la &_o communia_fw-la &_o jam_fw-la inde_fw-la efficitur_fw-la assartum_fw-la vel_fw-la redactum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o culturam_fw-la and_o herewith_o agree_v fleta_n lib._n 4._o c._n 22._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 25._o illud_fw-la olim_fw-la fuit_fw-la foresta_n et_fw-la boscus_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la jam_fw-la efficitur_fw-la assartum_fw-la &_o reductum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o culturam_fw-la et_fw-la idem_fw-la dici_fw-la poterit_fw-la de_fw-la mariscis_fw-la et_fw-la aliis_fw-la vastitatibus_fw-la in_o culturam_fw-la redactis_fw-la other_o fetch_v it_o otherwise_o but_o we_o hold_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o french_a word_n essarter_n to_o grub_v up_o or_o clear_v a_o ground_n of_o wood_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o appear_v by_o domesday_n hereford-shire_n merchela_n in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la sunt_fw-la 58._o acrae_fw-la terrae_fw-la provect_n de_fw-fr silva_fw-la write_v over_o the_o same_o essar_n the_o essart_n silvae_fw-la exeunt_fw-la 17._o s._n and_o 4._o d._n e._n be_v turn_v into_o a._n co._n instit_fw-la 4._o part_n fol._n 306_o 307._o ‖_o where_o it_o it_o be_v say_v tempore_fw-la coronationis_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la avi_fw-la that_o be_v of_o h._n 2._o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o he_o be_v crown_v twice_o viz._n the_o 20._o of_o december_n in_o the_o first_o year_n he_o cause_v his_o son_n henry_n to_o be_v crown_v king_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n in_o the_o 16._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n henry_n his_o son_n die_v the_o 11._o of_o june_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o who_o death_n king_n henry_n fitz-empresse_n be_v crown_v again_o id._n fol._n 293._o chap._n v._o when_o ranger_n be_v to_o make_v their_o range_v in_o the_o forest_n our_o ranger_n shall_v go_v through_o the_o forest_n to_o make_v range_v as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o coronation_n of_o king_n henry_n our_o grandfather_n

be_v vert_fw-fr and_o signify_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n every_o thing_n that_o do_v grow_v and_o bear_v green_a leaf_n within_o the_o forest_n that_o may_v cover_v and_o hide_v a_o deer_n manwood_n 2_o par_fw-fr forest-law_n fol._n 6._o a._n &_o fol._n 33._o b._n vert_fw-fr be_v divide_v into_o general_n and_o special_a vert_fw-fr general_n be_v as_o above_z define_v special_a be_v every_o tree_n and_o bush_n within_o the_o forest_n to_o feed_v the_o deer_n withal_o as_o pear-tree_n crabtree_n hauthorn_n black_a bush_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o name_n be_v because_o the_o offence_n of_o destroy_v such_o vert_fw-fr be_v more_o high_o punish_v than_o any_o other_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n thereof_o see_v more_o c._n 16._o mensis_fw-la vetitus_fw-la fencemonth_n or_o defence-month_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v the_o fawning-month_n when_o the_o do_v have_v fawn_n for_o the_o preservation_n whereof_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v fence_v and_o defend_v from_o hurt_n and_o disquiet_v it_o contain_v a_o kalendar-month_n of_o one_o and_o thirty_o day_n and_o begin_v the_o fifteen_o day_n before_o midsummer_n in_o the_o beginning_n whereof_o a_o swanimote_a be_v to_o be_v hold_v and_o end_v fifteen_o day_n after_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o chapter_n the_o three_o swanimote_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o fifteen_o day_n ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptistae_fw-la quando_fw-la agistatores_fw-la nostri_fw-la conveniunt_fw-la pro_fw-la *_o faonatione_fw-la seu_fw-la feonatione_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la nostrarum_fw-la co._n instit_fw-la 4_o par_fw-fr fol_z 313._o in_o the_o print_a book_n it_o be_v venatione_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v amend_v and_o make_v faonatione_n or_o feonatione_n which_o signify_v the_o fawn_v this_o word_n faonatio_n or_o feonatio_n be_v derive_v of_o the_o french_a word_n faonier_n i._n e._n to_o fawn_n or_o for_o do_v to_o bring_v forth_o id._n ibid._n chap._n ix_o who_o to_o take_v agistment_n and_o pawnage_n in_o forest_n every_o freeman_n may_v agi_v his_o own_o wood_n within_o our_o forest_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o shall_v take_v his_o □_o pawnage_n also_o we_o do_v grant_v that_o every_o freeman_n may_v drive_v his_o swine_n free_o without_o impediment_n through_o our_o demesne_n wood_n to_o agi_v they_o in_o their_o own_o wood_n or_o where_o else_o they_o will_n and_o if_o the_o swine_n of_o any_o freeman_n lie_v one_o night_n within_o our_o forest_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o occasion_n take_v thereof_o whereby_o he_o may_v lose_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o own_o agistator_n so_o call_v because_o he_o take_v beast_n to_o agistment_n that_o be_v to_o depasture_n within_o the_o forest_n or_o to_o feed_v upon_o the_o pawnage_n and_o come_v of_o the_o french_a word_n geyser_n i._n e._n to_o lie_n because_o the_o beast_n that_o feed_v there_o be_v there_o levant_n and_o couchant_a lie_v and_o rise_v co._n instit_fw-la 4_o par_fw-fr fol._n 293._o agistment_n be_v proper_o the_o common_a of_o herbage_n of_o any_o kind_n of_o ground_n or_o land_n or_o wood_n or_o the_o money_n due_a for_o the_o same_o mr._n manwood_n par_fw-fr prio_fw-la of_o his_o forest-law_n this_o officer_n be_v constitute_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n and_o of_o these_o in_o such_o forest_n where_o there_o be_v any_o pawnage_n there_o be_v four_o in_o number_n co._n ibid._n there_o office_n consist_v in_o these_o four_o point_n 1._o in_o agistando_n 2._o recipiendo_fw-la 3._o imbreviando_n 4._o et_fw-la certificando_fw-la ibid._n □_o pawnage_n pannagium_fw-la alias_o pasnagium_n or_o pennagium_n as_o it_o be_v latine_v in_o pupilla_fw-la oculi_fw-la may_v be_v think_v to_o come_v of_o the_o french_a panez_n or_o panet_n which_o be_v a_o root_n much_o what_o like_v to_o a_o parsnip_n but_o less_o and_o rank_a in_o taste_n which_o hog_n do_v there_o feed_v upon_o though_o it_o be_v eat_v by_o man_n also_o it_o signify_v in_o our_o common-law_n the_o money_n take_v by_o the_o agistors_n for_o the_o feed_v of_o hog_n with_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o king_n forest_n cromp._n jurisd_v fol._n 155._o mr._n manwood_n par_fw-fr prio_fw-la of_o his_o forest-law_n say_v pawnage_n be_v most_o proper_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o wood_n or_o land_n or_o hedge-rowes_a or_o the_o money_n due_a to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o same_o for_o it_o mr._n skene_n de_fw-fr verbor_n signif_n call_v it_o pannagium_fw-la and_o define_v it_o to_o be_v the_o duty_n give_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o pasturage_n of_o swine_n in_o the_o forest_n quietum_fw-la esse_fw-la de_fw-fr pannagio_fw-it i._n e._n to_o be_v quit_v to_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o pawnage_n vid._n f._n n._n b._n p._n 230._o chap._n x._o the_o punishment_n for_o kill_v the_o king_n deer_n no_o man_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v lose_v either_o life_n or_o member_n for_o kill_v of_o our_o deer_n but_o if_o any_o man_n be_v ⊙_o taken_n and_o convict_v for_o take_v of_o our_o venison_n he_o shall_v make_v a_o grievous_a fine_a if_o he_o have_v any_o thing_n whereof_o and_o if_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o lose_v he_o shall_v be_v imprison_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o after_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n be_v expire_v if_o he_o can_v find_v sufficient_a surety_n he_o shall_v be_v deliver_v and_o if_o not_o he_o shall_v abjure_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n stat._n 1._o ed._n 3._o 8._o sess_n 1._o stat._n 1._o h._n 7._o 7._o register_n fol._n 80._o in_o this_o and_o in_o other_o chapter_n of_o this_o statute_n venatio_n signify_v venison_n as_o in_o the_o eight_o and_o sixteenth_o it_o be_v call_v venison_n of_o the_o mean_a whereby_o the_o beast_n be_v take_v quoniam_fw-la ex_fw-la venatione_fw-la capiuntur_fw-la and_o be_v hunt_v be_v most_o wholesome_a they_o be_v call_v beast_n of_o venary_a not_o venery_n as_o some_o term_n it_o because_o they_o be_v get_v by_o hunt_v ordinatio_fw-la forestae_fw-la cap._n 15._o co._n instit_fw-la 4_o par_fw-fr fol._n 316._o there_o be_v many_o beast_n of_o the_o forest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n of_o england_n the_o hare_n in_o summer_n the_o hind_n in_o winter_n and_o all_o that_o proceed_v as_o of_o they_o the_o buck_n in_o summer_n the_o do_v in_o winter_n and_o the_o proceed_v of_o they_o the_o hare_n male_a and_o female_a and_o their_o proceed_v the_o wild-boar_n male_a and_o female_a and_o their_o proceed_v and_o the_o wolf_n male_a and_o female_a and_o their_o proceed_v the_o martin_n male_a and_o female_a the_o roe_n be_v no_o beast_n of_o the_o forest_n but_o it_o be_v a_o beast_n of_o chase_n and_o so_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o king_n council_n that_o capreoli_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la bestiae_fw-la de_fw-la foresta_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o eo_fw-la quod_fw-la fugant_fw-la alius_fw-la feras_fw-la hill_n 13._o e._n 3._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o thesaur_n co._n litt._n sect._n 378._o fol._n 233._o a._n the_o proceed_v of_o the_o hart_n and_o hind_n the_o male_a the_o first_o year_n a_o calf_n the_o second_o a_o brocket_n the_o three_o a_o spayad_n the_o four_o he_o stagger_v the_o five_o a_o stagg_n the_o six_o a_o hart_n and_o so_o after_o the_o female_a the_o first_o year_n a_o calf_n the_o second_o a_o brocket_n sister_n and_o the_o three_o year_n a_o hind_n co._n instit_fw-la 4_o par_fw-fr fol._n 316._o the_o proceed_v of_o the_o buck_n and_o do_v the_o first_o year_n a_o fawn_n the_o second_o year_n a_o pricket_n the_o three_o year_n a_o sorel_n the_o four_o a_o sore_a the_o five_o a_o buck_n of_o the_o first_o head_n the_o sixth_z a_o great_a buck._n ibid._n the_o proceed_v of_o the_o hare_n the_o first_o year_n a_o leveret_n the_o second_o year_n a_o hare_n the_o three_o a_o great_a hare_n of_o a_o wild-boar_n a_o pig_n a_o hogg_n a_o hogg-stea●_a a_o boar_n and_o after_o a_o sangly_a the_o season_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n for_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o forest_n be_v these_o of_o the_o hart_n and_o the_o buck_n begin_v at_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n and_o end_v at_o holy_a rood-day_n of_o the_o hind_n and_o do_v begin_v at_o holy-rood_n and_o continue_v till_o candlemass_n of_o the_o fox_n at_o christmas_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o march._n of_o the_o hare_n at_o michaelmass_n and_o last_v till_o midsummer_n of_o the_o boar_n from_o christmas_n till_o candlemass_n id_fw-la ibid._n ⊙_o take_a take_v with_o the_o mayneer_n à_fw-la manu_fw-la be_v in_o four_o kind_n viz._n dog-draw_a that_o be_v draw_v after_o a_o deer_n which_o he_o have_v hurt_v stablestand_a viz._n at_o his_o stand_v with_o any_o knife_n gun_n or_o bow_n or_o close_o with_o greyhoud_n in_o his_o leash_n ready_a to_o shoot_n or_o course_n backbear_a bracton_n lib._n 3._o fol._n 32._o that_o be_v carry_v away_o the_o deer_n which_o he_o