be_v proper_o we_o may_v be_v common_a to_o other_o let_v we_o now_o examine_v whether_o in_o what_o be_v proper_o we_o there_o may_v yet_o remain_v a_o right_n in_o common_a to_o other_o which_o question_n may_v by_o some_o be_v think_v strange_a consider_v that_o property_n seem_v to_o swallow_v up_o all_o right_n which_o be_v at_o first_o hold_v in_o common_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o our_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v look_v back_o to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o who_o first_o introduce_v particular_a dominion_n which_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v such_o as_o do_v as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v recede_v from_o natural_a equity_n for_o if_o even_o our_o write_a law_n oblige_v we_o but_o to_o a_o quatenus_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o what_o in_o natural_a equity_n may_v be_v do_v as_o appear_v by_o our_o frequent_a appeal_n from_o our_o statute_n and_o common_a law_n unto_o our_o court_n of_o chancery_n much_o more_o may_v our_o custom_n 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a_o just_a war_n may_v lawful_o surprise_v and_o hold_v some_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o country_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o he_o be_v but_o weak_o guard_v that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o there_o be_v no_o imaginary_a but_o a_o certain_a danger_n that_o his_o enemy_n may_v possess_v himself_o of_o it_o and_o thereby_o do_v he_o a_o irreparable_a damage_n especial_o if_o nothing_o be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o security_n as_o namely_o the_o bare_a custody_n of_o the_o place_n leaâ—ing_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o profit_n thereof_o unto_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o last_o if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o a_o full_a purpose_n to_o restore_v even_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o place_n also_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o necessity_n of_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o indemnity_n shall_v cease_v 24._o livy_n l._n 24._o
our_o reason_n approve_v to_o be_v honest_a or_o at_o least_o be_v so_o comparative_o to_o those_o that_o be_v oppose_v unto_o they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o enjoin_v we_o yet_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a by_o this_o natural_a law_n moreover_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o natural_a law_n do_v not_o determine_v of_o such_o thing_n only_o as_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o man_n will_n but_o of_o many_o thing_n also_o which_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n have_v already_o mould_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o law_n thus_o be_v dominion_n as_o now_o in_o use_n by_o common_a consent_n introduce_v as_o by_o a_o law_n but_o be_v introduce_v this_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v instruct_v we_o that_o to_o take_v away_o from_o any_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o without_o his_o consent_n be_v impious_a and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n conclude_v theft_n to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o vâ—pian_o that_o it_o be_v dishonest_a and_o julian_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n there_o be_v a_o second_o law_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n holy_a julian_n julian_n and_o of_o divine_a extraction_n that_o enjoin_v we_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n to_o abstain_v from_o theft_n and_o rapine_n and_o that_o forbid_v we_o either_o in_o word_n in_o deed_n or_o in_o our_o most_o retire_a thought_n to_o mix_v or_o confound_v each_o other_o property_n .._o 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o for_o as_o cicero_n out_o of_o chrysippus_n well_o observe_v for_o any_o man_n to_o gain_v to_o himself_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o lively_a hood_n be_v not_o unjust_a but_o to_o take_v it_o away_o by_o force_n from_o any_o other_o be_v not_o right_o euripides_n also_o condemn_v this_o as_o hateful_a to_o god_n himself_o námque_fw-la odit_fw-la ipse_fw-la vim_o deus_fw-la nec_fw-la divites_fw-la nos_fw-la esse_fw-la rapto_fw-la sed_fw-la probe_n partis_fw-la cupit_fw-la spernenda_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la pure_a veniat_fw-la copia_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la aether_n hominibus_fw-la tellus_fw-la quoque_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la ampliare_fw-la cuique_fw-la sic_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la domum_fw-la ut_fw-la ab_fw-la alienis_fw-la rebus_fw-la ac_fw-la vi_fw-la temperet_fw-la for_o god_n himself_o hate_v force_v nor_o will_v that_o we_o grow_v rich_a by_o fraud_n but_o good_n get_v honest_o riches_n unjust_o gain_v we_o shall_v disdain_v the_o earth_n the_o air_n and_o eke_o the_o ocean_n main_fw-fr stand_v free_a to_o all_o each_o may_v his_o house_n maintain_v by_o these_o so_o that_o from_o rapine_n he_o abstain_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o immutable_a that_o god_n himself_o can_v alter_v it_o nature_n god_n himself_o can_v alter_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o though_o the_o power_n of_o god_n be_v immense_a yet_o may_v something_n be_v say_v whereunto_o this_o great_a power_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o because_o what_o be_v so_o say_v be_v say_v only_o but_o have_v no_o sense_n which_o can_v express_v the_o thing_n but_o they_o must_v contradict_v themselves_o as_o therefore_o that_o twice_o two_o shall_v not_o be_v four_o god_n himself_o can_v effect_v so_o neither_o can_v he_o that_o what_o be_v intrinsical_o evil_a shall_v not_o be_v evil_a for_o as_o the_o be_v of_o thing_n after_o they_o be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v depend_v not_o upon_o any_o other_o so_o do_v the_o propriety_n that_o necessary_o follow_v that_o be_v but_o such_o be_v the_o malignity_n of_o some_o act_n compare_v with_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v guide_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o therefore_o do_v god_n himself_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o abraham_n to_o god_n 18.25_o gen._n 18.25_o shall_v not_o the_o judge_n of_o all_o the_o world_n do_v right_o such_o a_o contradiction_n it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v not_o do_v right_o that_o though_o it_o may_v be_v speak_v yet_o do_v the_o word_n though_o speak_v bear_v no_o sense_n but_o rather_o imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n the_o like_a we_o may_v find_v in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 6._o es_fw-ge 5.3_o ez._n 18.25_o â—er_n 2.19_o mich._n 6.2_o rom._n 2.6_o 3_o 6._o it_o sometime_o notwithwstand_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o these_o act_n concern_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v determine_v something_o there_o be_v some_o show_n or_o appearance_n of_o change_n which_o may_v easy_o deceive_v the_o unwary_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o change_n be_v not_o in_o that_o law_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v immutable_a but_o in_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o that_o law_n be_v conversant_a as_o for_o example_n if_o he_o to_o who_o i_o owe_v a_o just_a debt_n shall_v free_o discharge_v i_o of_o it_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o not_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v cease_v to_o command_v i_o to_o pay_v what_o i_o owe_v but_o because_o that_o which_o i_o do_v owe_v cease_v to_o be_v my_o debt_n be_v so_o discharge_v for_o as_o arrianus_n in_o epictetus_n right_o argue_v to_o make_v a_o just_a debt_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o the_o money_n be_v lend_v but_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o obligation_n remain_v uncancel_v so_o when_o god_n command_v any_o man_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o his_o good_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o murder_n and_o theft_n do_v not_o thereby_o become_v lawful_a for_o these_o very_a word_n do_v imply_v sin_n and_o no_o sin_n can_v be_v lawful_a but_o those_o act_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o murder_n or_o theft_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o express_a command_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o sovereign_a lord_n both_o of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n last_o there_o be_v something_n justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o simple_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o condition_n of_o affair_n stand_v thus_o so_o till_o 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fish_n and_o beast_n and_o fowl_n that_o soar_v on_o high_a have_v no_o law_n do_v on_o each_o other_o prey_n but_o in_o good_a law_n do_v all_o our_o safety_n lay_v we_o say_v not_o of_o horse_n and_o lion_n m._n off._n lib._n 1._o vita_fw-la cat._n m._n say_v cicero_n that_o they_o be_v just_a neither_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v do_v we_o by_o nature_n make_v use_v of_o law_n or_o justice_n against_o any_o other_o creature_n but_o man_n among_o all_o other_o creature_n not_o endue_v with_o reason_n say_v lactantius_n nature_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v she_o own_o carver_n 5._o lib._n 5._o nocent_a aliis_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la prosint_fw-la they_o destroy_v other_o to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o be_v ignorant_a that_o they_o do_v amiss_o but_o man_n who_o have_v a_o faculty_n to_o discern_v good_a from_o evil_n wise_o abstain_v from_o hurt_v other_o though_o thereby_o he_o sometime_o incommodate_v himself_o 6._o lib._n 6._o polybius_n have_v declare_v upon_o what_o ground_n man_n at_o first_o enter_v into_o society_n add_v that_o when_o the_o rest_n see_v some_o man_n abuse_v their_o own_o parent_n and_o other_o behave_v themselves_o injurious_o towards_o their_o benefactor_n they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o grieve_v at_o it_o whereof_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o mankind_n say_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o understanding_n and_o reason_n above_o all_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o they_o shall_v behold_v act_n so_o abhorrent_n from_o nature_n without_o express_v some_o sign_n of_o discontent_n so_o likewise_o chrysostom_n this_o we_o learn_v from_o nature_n herself_o 13._o â—e_z statuis_fw-la 13._o that_o when_o we_o see_v one_o man_n abuse_v another_o we_o can_v but_o sympathize_v with_o the_o injure_a person_n and_o swell_v with_o indignation_n against_o the_o
that_o be_v they_o that_o lie_v aside_o their_o arm_n when_o there_o be_v no_o persecution_n that_o threaten_v they_o for_o by_o the_o word_n peace_n the_o primitive_a christian_n understand_v only_o a_o vacancy_n from_o persecution_n as_o appear_v by_o cyprian_a and_o other_o nostrae_fw-la paci_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quam_fw-la persecutio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n what_o great_a war_n can_v there_o be_v than_o persecution_n tertul._n tertul._n so_o st._n cyprian_n cyprian_a cyprian_a when_o god_n begin_v to_o give_v peace_n unto_o his_o church_n that_o be_v when_o he_o free_v it_o from_o persecution_n next_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o julian_n soldier_n who_o be_v no_o mean_a proficient_o in_o the_o school_n of_o christianity_n for_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o testify_v their_o faith_n in_o christ_n by_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n of_o who_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o the_o emperor_n julian_n though_o a_o apostate_n yet_o have_v many_o christian_n that_o fight_v under_o his_o banner_n to_o who_o when_o command_n be_v give_v to_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n they_o ready_o obey_v but_o be_v command_v to_o march_v against_o the_o christian_n than_o they_o acknowledge_v no_o emperor_n but_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n such_o also_o be_v long_o before_o they_o the_o thebaean_a legion_n which_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o zabda_n the_o thirty_o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o legion_n do_v afterward_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o singular_a pattern_n to_o all_o future_a generation_n of_o christian_a patience_n and_o constancy_n whereof_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o it_o shall_v suffice_v in_o this_o place_n to_o rehearse_v that_o excellent_a speech_n they_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o do_v both_o solid_o and_o summary_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a soldier_n against_o any_o foreign_a power_n we_o free_o offer_v our_o hand_n which_o yet_o we_o dare_v not_o imbrue_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o innocent_n our_o arm_n which_o have_v be_v long_o practise_v in_o suppress_v vice_n and_o in_o vanquish_a foe_n never_o yet_o know_v how_o to_o oppress_v the_o righteous_a or_o to_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o our_o neighbour_n and_o fellow-citizen_n when_o first_o we_o engage_v in_o war_n we_o remember_v it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o not_o to_o destroy_v they_o we_o have_v hitherto_o fight_v for_o justice_n for_o piety_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o innocence_n for_o these_o prize_n we_o have_v slight_v all_o danger_n we_o have_v fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o faith_n which_o shall_v we_o have_v break_v with_o god_n how_o can_v thou_o o_o emperor_n expect_v that_o we_o shall_v keep_v with_o thou_o basil_n also_o give_v this_o testimony_n of_o thâ—_n primitive_a christian_n that_o their_o ancestor_n never_o account_v that_o execution_n that_o be_v do_v in_o war_n as_o murder_n but_o always_o hold_v they_o excuse_v that_o fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o chastity_n and_o of_o piety_n chap._n iii_o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o supreme_a power_n explain_v i._o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a ii_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n even_o after_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v all_o private_a war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a prove_v iii_o no_o nor_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n the_o objection_n answer_v iu._n public_a war_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v solemn_a and_o that_o which_o be_v less_o than_o solemn_a v._o whether_o a_o war_n make_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o magistrate_n not_o have_v supreme_a power_n be_v public_a and_o when_o vi_o wherein_o the_o civil_a power_n consist_v vii_o what_o power_n be_v supreme_a viii_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v ever_o in_o the_o people_n refute_v and_o the_o argument_n answer_v ix_o as_o also_o that_o the_o subjection_n between_o king_n and_o people_n be_v mutual_a x._o caution_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o question_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o likeness_n of_o word_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v unlike_a xi_o the_o second_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o right_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v that_o right_n xii_o that_o some_o empire_n be_v hold_v full_o that_o be_v with_o a_o power_n to_o alienate_v they_o xiii_o that_o other_o be_v hold_v not_o so_o full_o fourteen_o that_o some_o though_o not_o supreme_a yet_o be_v hold_v full_o that_o be_v with_o a_o power_n to_o alienate_v they_o xv._o the_o say_a distinction_n appear_v by_o the_o difference_n in_o assign_v protector_n in_o kingdom_n xvi_o that_o the_o power_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v supreme_a by_o a_o promise_n even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o either_o natural_a or_o divine_a xvii_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v sometime_o divide_v into_o part_n subjective_a and_o potential_a xviii_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v well_o conclude_v that_o the_o power_n be_v not_o supreme_a because_o king_n will_v not_o have_v their_o act_n to_o be_v firm_a unless_o approve_v of_o by_o some_o assembly_n xix_o some_o other_o example_n not_o to_o be_v draw_v hither_o xx._n true_a example_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n divide_v xxi_o he_o that_o be_v tie_v up_o by_o a_o league_n on_o term_n unequal_a may_v yet_o retain_v the_o supreme_a power_n xxii_o so_o may_v he_o that_o pay_v tribute_n xxiii_o so_o may_v he_o that_o hold_v it_o from_o another_o in_o fief_n xxiv_o a_o man_n right_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n with_o several_a example_n i._o war_n divide_v the_o first_o and_o most_o necessary_a division_n of_o war_n be_v this_o that_o some_o be_v public_a and_o some_o private_a and_o some_o mix_v public_a be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o public_a authority_n and_o private_a be_v that_o when_o the_o authority_n be_v so_o and_o mix_v when_o it_o be_v in_o part_n public_a and_o in_o part_n private_a and_o first_o let_v we_o treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v private_a as_o be_v most_o ancient_a that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n some_o private_a war_n may_v lawful_o be_v wage_v be_v as_o i_o suppose_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o it_o be_v show_v that_o to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o natural_a equity_n but_o the_o question_n will_v be_v whethersince_o the_o erection_n of_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v now_o lawful_a to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o court_v of_o judicature_n be_v not_o institute_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o humane_a authority_n yet_o do_v natural_a reason_n and_o common_a equity_n instruct_v we_o that_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o common_a honesty_n and_o to_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n among_o man_n that_o all_o difference_n shall_v be_v public_o scan_v and_o determine_v by_o person_n that_o be_v unconcern_v rather_o than_o by_o they_o who_o be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n do_v ofttimes_o mistake_v right_a for_o wrong_n and_o will_v do_v that_o only_a which_o seem_v good_a in_o their_o own_o eye_n non_fw-la est_fw-la singulis_fw-la concedendum_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la magistratum_fw-la publicae_fw-la possit_fw-la fieri_fw-la con_fw-la paulus_n juris_n con_fw-la ne_fw-la occasio_fw-la sit_fw-la majoris_fw-la tumultus_fw-la faciendi_fw-la that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o every_o private_a man_n that_o may_v be_v do_v public_o by_o a_o magistrate_n lest_o for_o every_o petty_a injury_n man_n run_v into_o tumult_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v 4._o cassiod_n l_o 4_o var._n ep._n 4._o say_v king_n theodorick_n that_o so_o great_a a_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o law_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o revenge_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o by_o the_o suggestion_n of_o his_o own_o passion_n for_o if_o all_o difference_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o plan_n force_n wherein_o will_v a_o calm_a peace_n differ_v from_o the_o tumult_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n call_v that_o force_n when_o any_o man_n take_v that_o which_o be_v his_o due_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n without_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n ii_o that_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v all_o war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o licence_n which_o before_o tribunal_n be_v establish_v public_o be_v permit_v be_v since_o much_o restrain_v and_o yet_o in_o some_o place_n the_o same_o licence_n still_o remain_v namely_o where_o judgement_n can_v be_v have_v against_o offender_n for_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o own_o unless_o it_o be_v judicial_o do_v tacit_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o at_o such_o a_o time_n where_o a_o
ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v have_v now_o judgement_n cease_v either_o for_o a_o while_n only_o or_o for_o continuance_n for_o a_o while_n when_o the_o judge_n can_v be_v so_o long_o wait_v for_o without_o certain_a danger_n and_o damage_n servius_n upon_o these_o word_n of_o virgil_n injicere_fw-la manum_fw-la parcae_fw-la the_o fate_n have_v snatch_v he_o hence_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o a_o phrase_n borrow_v from_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v call_v injectio_fw-la manus_fw-la the_o snatch_v away_o of_o a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v by_o force_n when_o without_o attend_v the_o warrant_n of_o authority_n we_o sudden_o seize_v upon_o something_o that_o be_v our_o due_n which_o be_v usual_o do_v when_o the_o law_n do_v for_o a_o while_o cease_v and_o sometime_o there_o be_v a_o total_a and_o continue_a cessation_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o either_o by_o right_n or_o in_o fact_n by_o right_o as_o in_o place_n that_o be_v desert_n and_o unoccupied_a on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o island_n not_o inhabit_v and_o in_o any_o other_o such_o place_n wherein_o be_v not_o civil_a society_n in_o fact_n as_o when_o subject_n do_v not_o regard_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o judge_n public_o refuse_v to_o examine_v the_o case_n now_o what_o we_o say_v before_o namely_o that_o since_o public_a judicatory_n be_v establish_v all_o private_a war_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v clear_o evince_v by_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n 22.2_o exod._n 22.2_o where_o god_n give_v this_o charge_n by_o moses_n if_o a_o thief_n be_v find_v break_v up_o i._o e._n by_o night_n and_o be_v smite_v that_o he_o die_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o blood_n shed_v for_o he_o but_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v upon_o he_o there_o shall_v be_v blood_n shed_v for_o he_o certain_o this_o law_n so_o accurate_o distinguish_v of_o the_o time_n when_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v seem_v not_o only_o to_o induce_v a_o impunity_n but_o serve_v to_o explain_v even_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o so_o much_o ground_v on_o any_o one_o particular_a divine_a precept_n as_o indeed_o upon_o common_a equity_n which_o guide_v other_o nation_n also_o to_o do_v the_o like_a law_n solon_n law_n the_o old_a attic_a law_n be_v this_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v steal_v in_o the_o day_n time_n to_o above_o the_o value_n of_o fifty_o drachma_n let_v he_o be_v try_v by_o eleven_o man_n but_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v steal_v to_o the_o small_a value_n in_o the_o night_n he_o may_v lawful_o be_v kill_v this_o ancient_a law_n of_o solon_n doubtless_o occasion_v that_o of_o the_o twelve_o table_n among_o the_o roman_n si_fw-mi nox_fw-la furtum_fw-la faxit_fw-la 12._o vide_fw-la infra_fw-la bo._n 2._o ch_n 12._o si_fw-la furem_fw-la aliquis_fw-la occisit_fw-la jure_fw-la caesus_fw-la esto_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v kill_v a_o thief_n rob_v in_o the_o night_n he_o shall_v be_v hold_v innocent_a so_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o as_o yet_o we_o have_v know_v he_o that_o by_o arm_n shall_v defend_v himself_o against_o he_o that_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n be_v account_v guiltless_a which_o so_o plain_a a_o consent_n do_v evident_o assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n iii_o neither_o be_v it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o evangelical_n law_n but_o whether_o this_o private_a war_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v somewhat_o more_o doubtful_a i_o dare_v not_o but_o grant_v that_o almighty_a god_n who_o have_v a_o much_o great_a power_n over_o life_n than_o we_o have_v may_v have_v impose_v upon_o we_o such_o a_o unlimited_a patience_n that_o even_o private_o in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n we_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n thus_o strict_o to_o tie_v we_o up_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n there_o be_v two_o place_n of_o scripture_n that_o seem_v to_o favour_v the_o affirmative_a which_o we_o quote_v above_o when_o we_o handle_v the_o general_a question_n the_o former_a be_v that_o in_o the_o five_o of_o mat._n v._n 39_o 5.39_o mat._n 5.39_o resist_v not_o he_o that_o do_v thou_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o latter_a that_o in_o the_o twelve_o to_o the_o rom._n v._n 19_o dear_o belove_v avenge_v not_o yourselves_o which_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v defend_v not_o yourselves_o but_o a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v namely_o that_o of_o christ_n to_o peter_n 26.52_o mat._n 26.52_o put_v up_o thy_o sword_n into_o the_o sheath_n for_o they_o that_o take_v the_o sword_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n some_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o christ_n himself_o who_o die_v for_o his_o enemy_n rom._n 5.8_o 10._o neither_o be_v there_o want_v among_o the_o ancient_n some_o who_o although_o they_o do_v not_o disallow_v of_o public_a war_n yet_o believe_v that_o all_o private_a even_o that_o which_o be_v defensive_a be_v forbid_v some_o place_n out_o of_o st._n ambrose_n for_o war_n we_o allege_v above_o but_o many_o more_o and_o much_o clear_a and_o more_o general_o know_v may_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o st._n augustine_n 10._o in_o luc._n 10._o but_o yet_o the_o same_o ambrose_n in_o another_o place_n say_v that_o haply_o therefore_o christ_n say_v unto_o peter_n when_o he_o show_v he_o two_o sword_n it_o be_v enough_o as_o if_o till_o the_o gospel_n come_v it_o have_v be_v lawful_a that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v as_o in_o the_o law_n the_o doctrine_n of_o equity_n so_o in_o the_o gospel_n the_o doctrine_n of_o verity_n 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o christian_a though_o assault_v by_o robber_n ought_v not_o to_o strike_v again_o ne_fw-fr dum_fw-la salutem_fw-la defendit_fw-la pietatem_fw-la contaminet_fw-la lest_o whilst_o he_o seek_v to_o preserve_v his_o own_o safety_n 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n 15._o he_o sin_n against_o piety_n and_o st._n augustin_n himself_o speak_v of_o thief_n and_o robber_n say_v legem_fw-la quidem_fw-la non_fw-la reprehendo_fw-la qua_fw-la tale_n permittit_fw-la interfici_fw-la sed_fw-la quomodo_fw-la istos_fw-la qui_fw-la intersiciunt_fw-la defendam_fw-la non_fw-la invenio_fw-la the_o law_n that_o adjudge_v these_o man_n to_o death_n 55._o ep._n 154._o ad_fw-la publ._n cap._n 43._o &_o 55._o i_o disallow_v not_o but_o how_o to_o justify_v the_o executioner_n i_o find_v not_o and_o in_o another_o place_n but_o as_o to_o they_o that_o give_v advice_n that_o some_o man_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n lest_o other_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v i_o can_v subscribe_v unless_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o be_v either_o a_o soldier_n or_o a_o public_a executioner_n who_o do_v it_o not_o by_o his_o own_o but_o by_o public_a authority_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v basil_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o amphilochius_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v the_o last_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o orleans_n 2._o c._n 13._o q._n 2._o cite_v by_o gratian._n but_o the_o opposite_a opinion_n as_o it_o be_v more_o catholic_n so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n namely_o that_o christian_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o patience_n we_o be_v indeed_o command_v by_o the_o christian_a law_n to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o but_o not_o above_o ourselves_o so_o that_o when_o we_o be_v both_o of_o we_o involve_v in_o the_o same_o or_o in_o equal_a danger_n we_o be_v no_o where_n forbid_v to_o preser_fw-ge our_o own_o safety_n before_o another_o as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o rule_n st._n paul_n give_v to_o christian_a beneficence_n and_o which_o cassiodore_n in_o the_o duty_n or_o office_n of_o friendship_n likewise_o confirm_v there_o be_v say_v he_o neither_o law_n nor_o reason_n anicitia_fw-la cass_n de_fw-fr anicitia_fw-la that_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o redeem_v another_o man_n soul_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o own_o or_o to_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o his_o body_n set_v aside_o our_o hope_n of_o eternal_a salvation_n with_o the_o certainty_n of_o our_o own_o ruin_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o prefer_v ourselves_o before_o other_o in_o danger_n that_o be_v equal_a but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o be_v unequal_a and_o therefore_o i_o ought_v rather_o to_o give_v up_o my_o own_o life_n than_o to_o suffer_v he_o that_o invade_v i_o to_o fall_v into_o eternal_a damnation_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o that_o be_v assault_v may_v stand_v in_o as_o much_o need_n of_o time_n to_o repent_v in_o and_o that_o the_o aggressor_n may_v also_o have_v
otherwise_o repel_v or_o avoid_v the_o evil_n intend_v against_o i_o neither_o do_v charity_n by_o itself_o seem_v to_o restrain_v we_o herein_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o nocent_a linus_n the_o musician_n provoke_v his_o disciple_n hercules_n with_o a_o slight_a blow_n have_v his_o brain_n beat_v out_o by_o hercules_n with_o his_o own_o harp_n and_o be_v by_o some_o arraign_v for_o the_o murder_n appeal_v for_o his_o indemnity_n to_o that_o law_n of_o rhadamant_n whereby_o he_o that_o wound_v another_o be_v by_o he_o first_o assault_v be_v declare_v innocent_a but_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v clear_o forbid_v it_o and_o christ_n himself_o do_v express_o charge_v his_o disciple_n patient_o to_o suffer_v any_o such_o slight_a injury_n though_o reiterated_a rathâ—r_o than_o to_o hurt_v our_o adversary_n how_o much_o more_o do_v he_o forbid_v they_o to_o kill_v he_o to_o avoid_v a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n by_o which_o particular_a instance_n we_o be_v sufficient_o caution_v against_o that_o of_o covarruvias_n that_o man_n understanding_n be_v well_o instruct_v in_o what_o be_v natural_o right_a will_v not_o endure_v that_o any_o thing_n shall_v in_o natural_a reason_n be_v permit_v that_o be_v not_o also_o permit_v by_o god_n who_o be_v very_a nature_n itself_o for_o god_n who_o be_v so_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n that_o he_o sometime_o act_n free_o above_o nature_n have_v a_o right_a to_o bind_v and_o to_o limit_v we_o by_o law_n even_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n free_a and_o indefinite_a much_o more_o have_v he_o power_n to_o oblige_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o honest_a though_o not_o due_a but_o a_o wonder_n it_o be_v that_o since_o god_n will_v be_v in_o this_o point_n so_o express_o declare_v in_o the_o gospel_n 5._o navarr_n c_o 15._o 4_o henr._n de_fw-fr irregul_n c._n 11._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v lâ—_n n._n 5._o there_o shall_v yet_o be_v find_v so_o many_o christian_n yea_o and_o those_o divine_n who_o maintain_v not_o only_o that_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n or_o such_o like_a slight_a injury_n we_o may_v lawful_o kill_v our_o adversary_n but_o that_o in_o case_n he_o that_o have_v smite_v we_o do_v fly_v yet_o may_v we_o pursue_v he_o even_o to_o death_n for_o the_o vindication_n of_o our_o own_o honour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o equidistant_a from_o natural_a reason_n what_o honour_n what_o as_o from_o christian_a piety_n for_o honour_n est_fw-la opinio_fw-la de_fw-fr excellentia_fw-la revenge_n see_v more_o in_o patience_n than_o a_o overhasty_a revenge_n honour_n be_v a_o opinion_n of_o some_o excellency_n in_o the_o person_n honour_v but_o he_o that_o can_v bear_v such_o a_o injury_n do_v express_v himself_o eminent_o patient_a and_o by_o that_o mean_n do_v rather_o magnify_v than_o diminish_v his_o own_o honour_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o material_a that_o some_o man_n of_o corrupt_a judgement_n do_v reproach_n this_o virtue_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cowardice_n for_o those_o shallow_a head_n can_v neither_o alter_v the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o lessen_v the_o reputation_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v this_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n only_o but_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n also_o who_o ever_o account_v it_o a_o argument_n of_o a_o weak_a and_o pusillanimous_a spirit_n not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o digest_v a_o injury_n charity_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o a_o slight_a injury_n though_o natural_o lawful_a yet_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o charity_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v how_o deserve_o their_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v explode_v who_o hold_v it_o lawful_a by_o even_o divine_a right_n for_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o even_o from_o mean_a and_o slight_a injury_n by_o even_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v although_o we_o may_v without_o any_o danger_n avoid_v he_o by_o flight_n or_o otherwise_o because_o it_o be_v account_v dishonourable_a in_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n so_o to_o do_v whereas_o indeed_o the_o scandal_n be_v not_o just_o give_v but_o by_o a_o popular_a misprision_n unjust_o take_v and_o by_o all_o those_o who_o understand_v wherein_o true_a wisdom_n and_o valour_n do_v consist_v to_o be_v contemn_v and_o it_o do_v not_o a_o little_a rejoice_v i_o that_o herein_o i_o have_v the_o concurrent_a opinion_n of_o that_o excellent_a lawyer_n charles_n moline_n among_o other_o to_o abett_v i_o 119._o in_o addit_fw-la ad_fw-la alex._n cons_n 119._o now_o what_o be_v say_v of_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n and_o of_o flight_n the_o very_a same_o may_v also_o be_v say_v in_o all_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o honour_n or_o reputation_n be_v not_o great_o wound_v but_o what_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v speak_v that_o of_o we_o which_o be_v believe_v may_v blast_v our_o credit_n and_o esteem_v with_o man_n some_o there_o be_v that_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o we_o may_v lawful_o kill_v he_o also_o 376._o pet._n navar._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o n._n 376._o but_o very_o erroneous_o and_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o this_o be_v no_o fit_a mean_n whereby_o we_o may_v hope_v to_o clear_v our_o fame_n or_o to_o repair_v our_o good_a name_n be_v sully_v xi_o to_o kill_v any_o man_n in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o unlawful_a let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o those_o injury_n whereby_o we_o be_v damnify_v in_o our_o good_n or_o estate_n and_o if_o we_o respect_v expletive_a justice_n only_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o they_o the_o robber_n if_o need_v be_v may_v be_v kill_v for_o as_o there_o be_v some_o inequality_n between_o a_o righteous_a man_n and_o a_o thief_n so_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n the_o good_n of_o the_o innocent_a be_v even_o balance_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o nocent_a whence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v this_o right_n only_a a_o thief_n fly_v away_o with_o steal_a good_n if_o those_o good_n can_v otherwise_o be_v recover_v may_v be_v kill_v so_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o aristocrates_n be_v it_o not_o say_v he_o a_o very_a sad_a case_n and_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o equity_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o use_v violence_n against_o he_o who_o by_o violence_n have_v dispossess_v i_o of_o my_o good_n neither_o do_v common_a charity_n set_v aside_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n hinder_v i_o by_o way_n of_o precept_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o thing_n of_o so_o small_a value_n as_o deserve_v rather_o to_o be_v slight_v than_o with_o such_o eagerness_n to_o be_v prosecute_v which_o be_v a_o exception_n that_o some_o writer_n do_v admit_v of_o xii_o how_o far_o lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n let_v we_o now_o see_v in_o what_o sense_n the_o moysaicall_a law_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v whereunto_o that_o old_a law_n of_o solon_n be_v parallel_v which_o demosthenes_n commemorate_v against_o timocrates_n from_o whence_o be_v take_v the_o law_n of_o the_o 12._o table_n and_o that_o of_o plato_n also_o in_o his_o nine_o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la all_o which_o law_n do_v agree_v in_o this_o that_o they_o put_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o night_n and_o a_o day-thief_n but_o concern_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n there_o be_v some_o question_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n distinguish_v the_o day-thief_n and_o the_o night-thief_n distinguish_v that_o the_o only_a reason_n of_o this_o law_n be_v because_o by_o night_n it_o can_v well_o be_v discern_v whether_o he_o that_o break_v into_o a_o house_n be_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o murderer_n and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v the_o worst_a he_o may_v be_v kill_v as_o a_o murderer_n other_o place_v the_o difference_n in_o this_o that_o in_o the_o night_n a_o thief_n can_v be_v know_v and_o consequent_o the_o good_n steal_a can_v be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o he_o may_v be_v kill_v but_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o lawmaker_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o either_o of_o these_o proper_o but_o rather_o that_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v kill_v for_o steal_v of_o good_n direct_o yet_o that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o good_n steal_v might_n occasion_n the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o steal_v they_o namely_o when_o the_o good_n steal_a can_v otherwise_o be_v recover_v but_o by_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v fly_v away_o with_o they_o but_o if_o i_o myself_o in_o pursue_v after_o my_o good_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o danger_n of_o my_o life_n than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o redeem_v my_o own_o life_n out_o of_o danger_n though_o with_o the_o hazard_n or_o loss_n of_o another_o man_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v
liceant_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o hominem_fw-la licere_fw-la commune_v jus_o animantium_fw-la vetat_fw-la although_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v to_o a_o slave_n be_v lawful_a yet_o be_v there_o some_o thing_n which_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n for_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v a_o man_n though_o he_o be_v a_o slave_n phelim_n phelim_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o man_n so_o seneca_n be_v they_o servant_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n 47._o epist_n 47._o be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o companion_n be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o humble_a friend_n be_v thy_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o fellow_n servant_n if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o power_n fortune_n have_v over_o either_o of_o we_o and_o a_o little_a after_o in_o the_o same_o epistle_n consider_v that_o he_o who_o thou_o call_v thy_o servant_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n equal_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o common_a air_n equal_o to_o breathe_v live_v and_o die_v as_o thyself_o and_o if_o it_o have_v so_o please_v fortune_n may_v as_o well_o have_v see_v thou_o a_o slave_n as_o he_o now_o see_v thou_o a_o freeman_n and_o what_o we_o may_v read_v in_o macrobius_n be_v but_o the_o same_o advice_n that_o st._n paul_n commend_v unto_o we_o 4.1_o coll._n 4.1_o master_n do_v unto_o your_o servant_n that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a as_o know_v that_o you_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o admonish_v we_o not_o to_o terrify_v they_o with_o menace_n and_o threaten_n which_o he_o press_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n because_o we_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n who_o regard_v not_o such_o distinction_n of_o quality_n 14._o lib._n 7._o c._n 14._o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clemens_n romanus_n we_o have_v this_o advice_n govern_v not_o thy_o man_n nor_o thy_o maid-servant_n with_o too_o much_o austerity_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v give_v by_o barnabas_n in_o his_o epistle_n lest_o thereby_o thou_o testify_v against_o thyself_o that_o thou_o fear_v not_o he_o who_o be_v the_o supreme_a lord_n both_o of_o they_o and_o thou_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n also_o exhort_v we_o to_o use_v our_o servant_n as_o our_o second_o self_n see_v that_o they_o be_v man_n as_o well_o as_o we_o imitate_v therein_o that_o wise_a hebrew_n if_o thou_o have_v a_o servant_n use_v he_o as_o a_o brother_n for_o he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o thyself_o iii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o innocent_a let_v we_o now_o admit_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o uphold_v his_o domestic_a discipline_n but_o then_o let_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v use_v with_o that_o religious_a moderation_n as_o the_o magistrate_n use_v in_o the_o public_a this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o seneca_n 47._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o &_o ep._n 47._o in_o thy_o bondman_n thou_o be_v to_o consider_v not_o what_o thou_o may_v inflict_v on_o he_o without_o the_o restraint_n of_o the_o law_n but_o what_o in_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n thou_o ought_v to_o do_v unto_o he_o which_o require_v sometime_o to_o favour_n even_o thy_o captive_n and_o thy_o slave_n who_o thou_o have_v buy_v with_o thy_o money_n 18._o de._n benes_z lib._n 3._o c._n 18._o and_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v subject_n with_o servant_n he_o say_v though_o they_o have_v different_a title_n yet_o be_v the_o licence_n over_o both_o the_o same_o which_o certain_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o particular_a in_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o either_o majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la domum_fw-la nostram_fw-la pusillam_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la our_o ancestor_n say_v seneca_n do_v reckon_v every_o family_n as_o a_o little_a commonwealth_n 43._o ep._n 43._o so_o also_o pliny_n every_o man_n house_n as_o to_o servant_n be_v as_o a_o city_n insomuch_o that_o cato_n the_o censor_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o will_v not_o punish_v any_o of_o his_o servant_n for_o never_o so_o great_a a_o fault_n nisi_fw-la postquam_fw-la damnatus_fw-la esset_fw-la etiam_fw-la conservorum_fw-la judicio_fw-la until_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a by_o his_o fellow_n servant_n 15._o job_n 31.13_o 14_o 15._o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o job_n if_o i_o do_v despise_v the_o cause_n of_o my_o manservant_n or_o of_o my_o maid-servant_n when_o they_o contend_v with_o i_o what_o then_o shall_v i_o do_v when_o god_n rise_v up_o and_o when_o he_o visit_v what_o shall_v i_o answer_v he_o do_v not_o he_o that_o make_v he_o make_v i_o and_o do_v not_o one_o fashion_n we_o both_o iu._n nor_o unmerciful_o to_o punish_v he_o yea_o and_o to_o lesser_a punishment_n as_o stripe_n and_o blow_n etc._n etc._n much_o of_o equity_n and_o favour_n be_v to_o be_v show_v to_o captive_n and_o bondman_n thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v he_o or_o rule_n over_o he_o with_o rigour_n say_v the_o divine_a law_n concern_v the_o hebrew_n servant_n which_o since_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n 25._o levit._fw-la 25._o by_o reason_n of_o that_o affinity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n aught_o to_o extend_v to_o all_o servant_n upon_o which_o law_n philo_n thus_o gloss_v servant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o good_n of_o fortune_n be_v our_o inferior_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o common_a nature_n our_o equal_n but_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n say_v he_o be_v not_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o fortune_n but_o to_o nature_n master_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o behave_v themselves_o towards_o their_o servant_n insolent_o nor_o to_o abuse_v that_o power_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v they_o thereby_o to_o grow_v cruel_a for_o these_o be_v sign_n not_o of_o a_o meek_a and_o calm_a but_o rather_o of_o a_o froward_a and_o intemperate_a mind_n domineer_a over_o their_o servant_n in_o a_o tyrannical_a way_n legationum_fw-la in_o excerp_v legationum_fw-la priscus_n compare_v the_o roman_n with_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o treat_v captive_n with_o much_o more_o mildness_n than_o other_o do_v perform_v unto_o they_o rather_o the_o office_n of_o father_n and_o tutor_n than_o of_o conqueror_n for_o as_o they_o studious_o withdraw_v they_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o own_o custom_n be_v unlawful_a so_o if_o they_o do_v offend_v they_o only_o correct_v they_o as_o son_n but_o to_o kill_v they_o as_o the_o scythian_n do_v they_o esteem_v utter_o unlawful_a there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o liberty_n indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o lord_n and_o that_o not_o only_o whilst_o they_o live_v but_o at_o their_o death_n for_o whatsoever_o die_v they_o ordain_v or_o appoint_v to_o be_v do_v with_o that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o have_v the_o power_n and_o force_v of_o a_o law_n philo_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o special_a law_n as_o also_o st._n cyprian_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o demetrian_n high_o blame_v this_o severity_n towards_o servant_n if_o thou_o be_v not_o ready_o obey_v in_o all_o thing_n say_v they_o if_o thy_o will_n be_v not_o execute_v as_o a_o law_n thou_o grow_v present_o imperious_a and_o cruel_a thou_o torment_v thy_o slave_n with_o whip_n and_o scourge_n thou_o afflict_a he_o with_o hunger_n thirst_n nakedness_n and_o ofttimes_o wound_v he_o and_o throw_v he_o into_o prison_n and_o yet_o wretched_a man_n that_o thou_o be_v whilst_o thou_o thus_o abuse_v thy_o power_n towards_o thy_o captivate_v slave_n thou_o forget_v thy_o duty_n to_o and_o thy_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_a and_o absurd_a say_v seneca_n seneca_n seneca_n than_o to_o make_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o servant_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o a_o beast_n he_o that_o will_v skilful_o manage_v a_o horse_n will_v not_o provoke_v and_o exasperate_v he_o with_o many_o stripe_n for_o unless_o he_o be_v gentle_o handle_v at_o the_o first_o he_o grow_v fearful_a and_o headstrong_a and_o again_o what_o can_v be_v more_o unseemly_a say_v the_o same_o seneca_n than_o to_o exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o a_o man_n though_o our_o slave_n which_o we_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o exercise_v over_o dog_n or_o oxen._a to_o restrain_v which_o brutish_a cruelty_n it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n that_o if_o a_o master_n do_v strike_v out_o the_o eye_n or_o tooth_n of_o his_o servant_n injurious_o he_o be_v for_o that_o eye_n or_o tooth_n sake_n to_o let_v he_o go_v free_a exod._n 21.26_o 27._o whereby_o it_o fall_v out_o say_v philo_z that_o the_o master_n undergo_v for_o his_o cruelty_n a_o double_a punishment_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o servant_n both_o labour_n and_o ransom_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v a_o three_o more_o grievous_a
the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n the_o reverend_a w_n evat_v b_o d_o aetat_fw-la suae_fw-la 77._o the_o most_o excel_v t_o hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o warr_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o the_o reverend_a william_n evat_v b_o d_o print_v for_o ralph_n smith_n under_o the_o piazza_n of_o the_o royal_a exch_n in_o cornhill_n t._n cross_n senior_n sculpsit_fw-la the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n his_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n &_o peace_n in_o the_o first_o be_v handle_v whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_o in_o the_o second_o be_v show_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n both_o just_a and_o unjust_a in_o the_o three_o be_v declare_v what_o in_o war_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a with_o the_o annotation_n digest_v into_o the_o body_n of_o every_o chapter_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o william_n evat_v b._n d._n london_n print_v by_o m._n w._n for_o thomas_n basset_n at_o the_o george_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o ralph_n smith_n at_o the_o bible_n under_o the_o piazza_n of_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o cornhill_n mdclxxxii_o the_o preface_n the_o civil_a law_n whether_o that_o proper_a to_o the_o roman_n or_o that_o appertain_v to_o any_o other_o people_n many_o have_v endeavour_v either_o to_o expound_v by_o large_a commentary_n or_o to_o expose_v to_o present_a view_n by_o epitomy_n but_o of_o that_o law_n which_o govern_v most_o nation_n and_o the_o ruler_n of_o diverse_a people_n whether_o it_o arise_v from_o nature_n or_o be_v institute_v by_o divine_a authority_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v introduce_v by_o custom_n or_o tacite_fw-la consent_n few_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v and_o none_o at_o all_o either_o universal_o or_o methodical_o treatise_n the_o usefulness_n of_o this_o treatise_n though_o such_o a_o treatise_n will_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o mankind_n the_o excellency_n of_o this_o science_n say_v seneca_n be_v see_v in_o league_n covenant_n article_n of_o agreement_n and_o condition_n make_v between_o diverse_a free_a people_n and_o between_o king_n of_o foreign_a nation_n and_o in_o all_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n insomuch_o that_o euripides_n prefer_v it_o before_o all_o other_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n either_o divine_a or_o humane_a say_v it_o be_v vain_a of_o thing_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o boast_v past_a or_o to_o come_v unless_o what_o be_v just_o thou_o know_v and_o indeed_o such_o a_o treatise_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o necessary_a war._n the_o vulgar_a error_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o war._n by_o how_o much_o we_o find_v many_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o former_a age_n contemn_v this_o part_n of_o justice_n as_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o but_o a_o empty_a name_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a in_o every_o man_n mouth_n than_o that_o of_o euphemus_n in_o thucydides_n to_o king_n and_o city_n imperial_a there_o be_v nothing_o unjust_a that_o be_v profitable_a 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o that_o also_o which_o the_o athenian_n be_v then_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n in_o all_o greece_n tell_v the_o metians_n to_o humane_a reason_n those_o thing_n be_v just_a which_o a_o equal_a necessity_n on_o both_o side_n impose_v otherwise_o whatsoever_o the_o strong_a party_n can_v and_o will_v do_v the_o weak_a party_n must_v suffer_v as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n to_o make_v oppression_n just_a or_o that_o no_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v well_o govern_v without_o injustice_n whereunto_o they_o usual_o add_v that_o the_o sword_n be_v the_o common_a judge_n or_o arbiter_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v between_o king_n and_o foreign_a nation_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a only_o that_o all_o law_n be_v silence_v by_o war_n but_o some_o such_o like_a say_n do_v often_o fall_v from_o man_n otherwise_o learned_a and_o prudent_a whereby_o this_o opinion_n gather_v strength_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_o oppose_v one_o to_o another_o than_o law_n and_o arm_n thus_o we_o find_v they_o oppose_v in_o enneus_n to_o gain_v their_o right_n not_o at_o the_o law_n but_o with_o their_o arm_n they_o fight_v the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o horace_n who_o speak_v of_o achilles_n say_v nothing_o by_o law_n but_o all_o by_o arm_n he_o claim_v old_a antigonus_n laugh_v at_o he_o who_o behold_v he_o busy_v in_o batter_v the_o fort_n and_o city_n of_o his_o enemy_n gent._n alber._n gent._n present_v he_o with_o some_o commentary_n of_o justice_n marius_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o he_o can_v not_o hear_v the_o cry_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o clash_v of_o arms._n lysander_n in_o plutarch_n lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o sword_n say_v lys_n plut._n lys_n he_o that_o know_v how_o to_o use_v this_o be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o empire_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o caesar_n non_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la tempus_fw-la armorum_fw-la quod_fw-la legum_n arm_n and_o law_n do_v never_o flourish_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n king_n say_v seneca_n grant_v many_o thing_n blindfold_a especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o no_o one_o man_n though_o just_o can_v possible_o satisfy_v the_o desire_n of_o so_o many_o arm_a man_n neither_o can_v any_o one_o man_n at_o the_o same_o time_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a man_n and_o of_o a_o good_a general_n nay_o even_o pompey_n himself_o though_o otherwise_o very_o modest_a yet_o will_v say_v armatus_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la cogitem_fw-la what_o do_v you_o tell_v i_o of_o law_n that_o be_o in_o arm_n or_o as_o plutarch_n frame_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o mamertine_n what_o will_v you_o never_o cease_v to_o upbraid_v we_o with_o your_o law_n who_o you_o see_v begird_v with_o sword_n 9_o lib._n 9_o so_o easy_o say_v curtius_n do_v war_n pervert_v and_o destroy_v even_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n even_o among_o christian_a author_n we_o find_v many_o such_o like_a say_n that_o of_o tertullian_n shall_v suffice_v instead_o of_o the_o rest_n dolus_fw-la asperitas_fw-la injustitia_fw-la propria_fw-la sunt_fw-la praeliorum_fw-la negotia_fw-la fraud_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n be_v the_o proper_a employment_n of_o war._n now_o they_o that_o favour_v this_o opinion_n will_v doubtless_o object_v against_o i_o that_o of_o the_o comedian_n if_o thing_n uncertain_a thou_o with_o certain_a rule_n will_v guide_v thou_o will_v undertake_v a_o task_n as_o bad_a as_o he_o that_o will_v with_o reason_n run_v stark_o mad._n see_v then_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o treat_v of_o right_a if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o will_v very_o much_o concern_v we_o to_o commend_v and_o defend_v this_o ensue_a discourse_n by_o a_o brief_a but_o sound_a confutation_n of_o this_o error_n but_o that_o we_o may_v avoid_v confusion_n in_o dispute_v with_o a_o multitude_n confute_v this_o error_n confute_v let_v we_o allow_v they_o a_o advocate_n and_o who_o fit_a than_o carneades_n who_o arrive_v at_o that_o height_n and_o perfection_n of_o eloquence_n that_o he_o can_v plead_v as_o strong_o for_o error_n as_o for_o truth_n this_o man_n have_v undertake_v to_o decry_v justice_n especial_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o now_o defend_v can_v find_v no_o argument_n more_o forceable_a than_o this_o man_n say_v he_o justice_n carneades_n his_o argument_n against_o justice_n have_v ordain_v unto_o themselves_o law_n for_o profit_n sake_n various_a according_a to_o their_o several_a manner_n which_o also_o they_o often_o change_v with_o the_o time_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a law_n or_o right_n at_o all_o for_o all_o both_o man_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n be_v by_o the_o mere_a guidance_n of_o nature_n lead_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o themselves_o be_v profitable_a wherefore_o there_o be_v either_o no_o justice_n at_o all_o or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o it_o be_v extreme_a folly_n because_o it_o rob_v itself_o to_o enrich_v other_o but_o what_o the_o philosopoer_n here_o say_v and_o the_o poet_n after_o he_o what_o be_v just_o or_o unjust_a nature_n can_v discern_v must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v admit_v for_o man_n indeed_o be_v a_o live_a body_n but_o far_o more_o excellent_a than_o all_o other_o and_o much_o more_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n than_o they_o do_v one_o from_o another_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o action_n how_o man_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o creature_n and_o how_o which_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o mankind_n among_o which_o this_o be_v one_o that_o he_o greedy_o affect_v society_n that_o be_v community_n yet_o not_o any_o but_o that_o which_o be_v peaceable_a and_o according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o his_o understanding_n regular_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n which_o the_o stoic_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d familiarity_n man_n say_v chrysostom_n with_o man_n
the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v willing_a that_o every_o man_n in_o himself_o single_o consider_v shall_v be_v infirm_a and_o defective_a of_o many_o thing_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a life_n the_o more_o strict_o to_o engage_v we_o to_o affect_v society_n but_o it_o be_v common_a profit_n i_o grant_v that_o occasion_v the_o civil_a law_n for_o that_o very_a consociation_n or_o subjection_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v first_o institute_v for_o some_o utility_n yea_o and_o they_o that_o prescribe_v law_n unto_o other_o either_o do_v or_o shall_v propose_v something_o of_o profit_n even_o therein_o but_o as_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o city_n do_v main_o regard_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o city_n even_o so_o among_o all_o or_o at_o least_o the_o most_o city_n there_o may_v nay_o certain_o be_v some_o law_n by_o common_a consent_n agree_v on_o which_o respect_v the_o benefit_n not_o of_o those_o particular_a city_n nation_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o in_o general_n and_o this_o that_o we_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o often_o as_o we_o distinguish_v that_o law_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o in_o that_o partition_n carneades_n make_v of_o all_o law_n into_o natural_a and_o civil_a only_o be_v omit_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v between_o nation_n for_o he_o subject_v his_o discourse_n to_o war_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o war_n he_o ought_v most_o especial_o to_o have_v mention_v this_o law_n but_o whereas_o he_o traduce_v justice_n wisdom_n to_o neglect_v our_o own_o profit_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o nation_n be_v wisdom_n by_o call_v it_o folly_n he_o do_v ill_a for_o as_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n that_o citizen_n be_v no_o fool_n who_o observe_v the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o city_n he_o live_v in_o although_o he_o for_o the_o reverence_n he_o bear_v unto_o those_o law_n omit_v some_o thing_n that_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o himself_o so_o neither_o be_v that_o a_o foolish_a people_n who_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o esteem_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n as_o for_o it_o to_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n common_a to_o all_o or_o to_o most_o nation_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o both_o for_o as_o he_o that_o for_o his_o present_a profit_n shall_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o live_v in_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v but_o destroy_v that_o which_o shall_v perpetual_o defend_v both_o he_o and_o he_o in_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v or_o shall_v acquire_v so_o also_o a_o people_n in_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n do_v but_o pull_v down_o those_o bulwark_n that_o shall_v thenceforth_o secure_v their_o own_o peace_n and_o safety_n 9_o and_o why_o lib._n 9_o for_o as_o m._n antoninus_n well_o observe_v whatsoever_o action_n it_o be_v that_o aim_v not_o either_o direct_o or_o mediate_o at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o it_o by_o dissolve_v the_o connexion_n of_o all_o its_o part_n and_o be_v no_o less_o seditious_a than_o he_o that_o head_n a_o party_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n for_o one_o man_n separate_v from_o another_o can_v but_o be_v separate_v from_o mankind_n in_o general_n for_o quod_fw-la examini_fw-la expedit_fw-la idem_fw-la &_o api_fw-la as_o what_o be_v good_a for_o the_o hive_n be_v good_a for_o the_o bee_n so_o what_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o likewise_o to_o every_o citizen_n so_o then_o although_o by_o our_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n we_o can_v expect_v no_o profit_n at_o all_o to_o ourselves_o yet_o will_v it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o wisdom_n rather_o than_o folly_n to_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v carry_v thither_o whither_o we_o may_v perceive_v ourselves_o to_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o manuduction_n of_o nature_n wherefore_o neither_o be_v that_o altogether_o true_a for_o fear_v of_o wrong_n good_a law_n invent_v be_v as_o if_o man_n be_v enforce_v to_o be_v just_a for_o fear_v of_o punishment_n only_o for_o this_o belong_v to_o such_o law_n and_o constitution_n as_o be_v find_v out_o to_o be_v most_o expedient_a for_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n defence_n coercive_a law_n invent_v for_o mutual_a defence_n as_o when_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n find_v themselves_o single_o and_o apart_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o shall_v unite_v and_o conspire_v with_o their_o common_a and_o joint_a force_n to_o institute_v and_o to_o defend_v such_o law_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n as_o shall_v punish_v those_o who_o shall_v attempt_v to_o oppress_v they_o so_o that_o what_o they_o can_v do_v single_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o do_v with_o a_o unite_a force_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o may_v very_o well_o be_v understand_v which_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o be_v just_a which_o please_v the_o most_o powerful_a party_n fruitless_a jus_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la validiori_fw-la placuit_fw-la law_n without_o power_n to_o defend_v they_o be_v fruitless_a whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o the_o law_n itself_o without_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v it_o lose_v its_o external_a force_n and_o so_o become_v fruitless_a which_o make_v solon_n to_o boast_v what_o gallant_a thing_n he_o have_v do_v by_o couple_v may_v in_o equal_a yoke_n with_o right_n but_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o law_n though_o it_o want_v a_o force_n sufficient_a to_o abett_v it_o external_o external_o altogether_o fruitless_a because_o it_o beget_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o conscience_n internal_o not_o internal_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a injustice_n do_v wound_n and_o torment_v it_o as_o plato_n instance_v in_o those_o of_o tyrant_n beside_o justice_n be_v approve_v of_o and_o injustice_n condemn_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o good_a man_n yea_o and_o what_o be_v the_o great_a comfort_n of_o all_o this_o have_v god_n for_o its_o avenger_n that_o 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justice_n which_o respect_v stranger_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v namely_o that_o all_o law_n be_v not_o ordain_v for_o profit_n only_o there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o strong_a and_o of_o itself_o sufficient_a but_o may_v sometime_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o foreign_a aid_n either_o by_o way_n of_o commerce_n or_o to_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o many_o foreign_a nation_n confederate_a against_o it_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n and_o state_n have_v always_o be_v desirous_a of_o league_n which_o will_v be_v of_o little_a use_n or_o force_n be_v all_o law_n and_o justice_n confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o city_n only_o most_o true_a it_o be_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o recede_v from_o the_o law_n law_n no_o community_n can_v subsist_v without_o law_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o we_o can_v certain_o call_v we_o if_o no_o community_n can_v possible_o subsist_v without_o 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afterward_o to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o all_o covenant_n or_o agreement_n make_v in_o war_n which_o appear_v for_o this_o reason_n to_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v no_o man_n have_v ever_o yet_o treat_v upon_o this_o subject_n and_o they_o that_o have_v handle_v the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v leave_v very_o much_o to_o other_o man_n industry_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o this_o subject_a extant_a from_o the_o old_a philosopher_n neither_o of_o the_o grecian_n among_o who_o aristotle_n indeed_o have_v compose_v a_o book_n entitle_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o right_n of_o war_n nor_o among_o the_o christian_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o work_n very_o desiderable_a nay_o of_o those_o book_n write_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n concern_v their_o fecial_a law_n there_o be_v nothing_o traduce_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n they_o that_o collect_v the_o sum_n of_o such_o case_n as_o they_o call_v case_n of_o conscience_n have_v as_o of_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o of_o war_n of_o promise_n of_o oath_n and_o of_o reprizal_n write_v whole_a chapter_n i_o have_v also_o see_v some_o special_a book_n write_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n partly_o by_o divine_n as_o by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr victoria_n henricus_fw-la gorichemus_fw-la willielmus_fw-la mathaeus_n johannes_n de_fw-fr carthagena_n and_o partly_o by_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n as_o by_o johannes_n lupus_n franciscus_n arius_n johannes_n de_fw-fr lignano_n and_o martinus_n laudensis_n but_o on_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n they_o all_o of_o they_o say_v but_o very_o little_a and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o have_v confound_v thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o divine_a law_n thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n mix_v they_o altogether_o without_o either_o order_n or_o distinction_n but_o what_o all_o these_o be_v most_o defective_a in_o namely_o the_o light_n of_o history_n the_o most_o learned_a faber_n in_o some_o chapter_n of_o his_o semestria_fw-la but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o conduce_v to_o his_o purpose_n and_o allege_v testimony_n only_o have_v endeavove_v to_o supply_v so_o also_o do_v balthasar_n ayala_n but_o somewhat_o more_o full_o and_o albertus_n gentilis_fw-la yet_o more_o full_o than_o ayala_n who_o labour_n as_o i_o know_v they_o may_v be_v helpful_a to_o other_o and_o confess_v have_v be_v to_o i_o so_o what_o may_v be_v want_v in_o he_o either_o in_o the_o way_n of_o teach_v or_o in_o his_o method_n or_o in_o distinguish_v of_o question_n and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o diverse_a law_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o reader_n judgement_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o in_o his_o decision_n of_o controversy_n he_o usual_o follow_v either_o some_o few_o example_n not_o altogether_o to_o be_v allow_v or_o he_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n in_o their_o answer_n many_o whereof_o be_v frame_v in_o favour_n to_o their_o client_n more_o than_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n the_o cause_n that_o render_v a_o war_n either_o just_a or_o unjust_a be_v not_o by_o ayala_n so_o much_o as_o touch_v gentilis_fw-la have_v indeed_o describe_v some_o general_a head_n in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o please_v himself_o but_o many_o place_n of_o such_o controversy_n as_o be_v both_o noble_a and_o very_a frequent_a he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o glance_v at_o now_o lest_o any_o such_o shall_v escape_v we_o we_o have_v adventure_v to_o discover_v the_o very_a foundation_n whereupon_o we_o may_v build_v our_o judgement_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_a to_o decide_v any_o such_o question_n as_o shall_v happen_v by_o we_o to_o be_v omit_v law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o how_o distinguish_v from_o other_o law_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o brief_o declare_v by_o who_o assistance_n and_o with_o what_o care_n we_o undertake_v this_o work_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n my_o care_n be_v to_o refer_v the_o proof_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v so_o certain_a and_o undoubted_o true_a that_o no_o man_n without_o wrong_v his_o own_o judgement_n can_v deny_v they_o for_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o law_n if_o right_o observe_v be_v as_o plain_a and_o evident_a of_o themselves_o almost_o as_o those_o we_o discern_v with_o our_o outward_a sense_n which_o if_o our_o organ_n be_v right_o dispose_v and_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o necessary_a not_o want_v can_v deceive_v we_o therefore_o euripides_n bring_v in_o polynices_n assert_v the_o righteousness_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n thus_o these_o thing_n be_v plain_a and_o regular_o due_a both_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a must_v confess_v be_v true_a whereunto_o he_o present_o add_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o chorus_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o barbarian_n consist_v all_o of_o woman_n acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o polynices_n have_v say_v the_o same_o author_n in_o another_o place_n bring_v in_o hermione_n say_v we_o live_v not_o like_o barbarian_n here_o i_o trow_v whereunto_o andromache_n answer_v yet_o what_o with_o they_o be_v ill_o with_o we_o be_v so_o for_o the_o proof_n also_o of_o this_o law_n i_o have_v likewise_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o philosopher_n historian_n poet_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n orator_n not_o that_o they_o be_v all_o either_o equal_o or_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v for_o they_o speak_v many_o thing_n in_o favour_n to_o their_o own_o sect_n and_o to_o the_o argument_n or_o cause_n they_o undertake_v to_o defend_v but_o that_o which_o many_o wise_a man_n live_v in_o several_a age_n and_o in_o several_a place_n do_v all_o of_o they_o affirm_v to_o be_v true_a and_o certain_a that_o i_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o some_o universal_a cause_n which_o in_o these_o question_n bring_v by_o we_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o either_o some_o inference_n direct_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o nature_n or_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o former_a show_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o latter_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o testimony_n themselves_o distinguish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n how_o distinguish_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v every_o where_n by_o writer_n promiscuous_o use_v but_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o that_o which_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o certain_a principle_n by_o certain_a and_o conclude_a argument_n and_o yet_o every_o where_o appear_v to_o be_v observe_v we_o may_v conclude_v have_v its_o rise_n or_o beginning_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n and_o therefore_o i_o alone_o have_v endeavour_v to_o distinguish_v these_o two_o not_o only_o one_o from_o another_o but_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n right_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o which_o be_v perfect_o right_a distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o have_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a i_o have_v distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v true_o and_o in_o every_o respect_n right_o from_o that_o which_o have_v only_o get_v a_o certain_a outward_a effect_n like_o unto_o that_o of_o primitive_a right_n namely_o that_o it_o may_v not_o lawful_o be_v resist_v or_o that_o it_o ought_v every_o where_o to_o be_v defend_v even_o by_o public_a force_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o profit_n or_o that_o some_o great_a inconvenience_n may_v be_v eschew_v which_o how_o necessary_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v will_v appear_v in_o the_o contexture_n of_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n nor_o have_v i_o be_v less_o careful_a to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v right_o strict_o and_o proper_o take_v whence_o arise_v the_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o account_v because_o to_o do_v otherwise_o will_v be_v repugnant_a to_o some_o other_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n of_o which_o diversity_n of_o right_n we_o have_v say_v somewhat_o already_o both_o here_o and_o above_o commend_v aristotle_n commend_v among_o philosopher_n aristotle_n deserve_o claim_v the_o pre-eminence_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o order_n of_o his_o treatise_n his_o acute_a distinction_n or_o the_o strength_n and_o weight_n of_o his_o reason_n only_o i_o wish_v that_o this_o principality_n of_o he_o have_v not_o for_o some_o age_n past_a degenerate_v into_o tyranny_n so_o that_o truth_n for_o the_o discovery_n whereof_o aristotle_n take_v so_o great_a pain_n find_v no_o great_a oppressor_n than_o the_o very_a name_n of_o aristotle_n ay_o as_o well_o here_o as_o elsewhere_o do_v challenge_n to_o myself_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o ancient_a
new_a covenant_n there_o be_v no_o use_n at_o all_o to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o old_a as_o to_o this_o we_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n as_o well_o for_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v as_o because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o new_a law_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v command_v in_o the_o old_a appertain_v to_o virtue_n and_o good_a manner_n the_o same_o or_o much_o great_a be_v command_v in_o the_o new_a and_o after_o this_o manner_n do_v the_o ancient_a christian_a writer_n make_v use_v of_o the_o testimony_n draw_v from_o the_o old_a testament_n but_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n we_o have_v no_o small_a help_n from_o the_o hebrew_a writer_n especial_o those_o who_o be_v thorough_o instruct_v in_o the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o new_a testament_n i_o do_v also_o make_v use_n of_o to_o instruct_v christian_n in_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v which_o can_v be_v elsewhere_o learned_a which_o notwithstanding_o contrary_a to_o what_o some_o have_v do_v i_o have_v distinguish_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n counsel_n a_o great_a sanctity_n require_v by_o the_o gospel_n thâ—n_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n precept_n distinguish_v from_o counsel_n be_v most_o assure_v that_o in_o that_o most_o holy_a law_n a_o great_a sanctity_n be_v command_v than_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v of_o itself_o require_v neither_o have_v i_o omit_v to_o observe_v what_o be_v rather_o commend_v unto_o we_o than_o command_v that_o so_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o to_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v command_v be_v impiety_n and_o render_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n but_o eager_o to_o aspire_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o excellent_a as_o it_o argue_v a_o noble_a and_o generous_a mind_n so_o shall_v it_o not_o want_v its_o due_a reward_n ecclesiastical_a canon_n ecclesiastical_a synodical_a canon_n if_o they_o be_v right_a be_v nothing_o but_o collection_n draw_v from_o the_o general_a say_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o fit_v to_o particular_a case_n which_o do_v usual_o happen_v these_o also_o do_v either_o point_n out_o what_o the_o divine_a law_n do_v enjoin_v or_o exhort_v we_o to_o that_o which_o god_n commend_v unto_o we_o and_o this_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o true_a christian_a church_n faithful_o to_o traduce_v unto_o other_o what_o god_n have_v deliver_v unto_o she_o and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v but_o even_o the_o custom_n use_v among_o those_o ancient_a christian_n and_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o that_o great_a name_n be_v either_o general_o receive_v or_o praise_v be_v deserve_o to_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o canon_n father_n the_o father_n after_o these_o the_o second_o authority_n be_v of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o their_o time_n famous_a among_o christian_n for_o either_o their_o pious_a life_n or_o doctrine_n and_o be_v as_o yet_o never_o note_v for_o any_o great_a error_n for_o even_o these_o man_n also_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v in_o good_a esteem_n as_o to_o what_o with_o great_a asseveration_n they_o affirm_v and_o have_v find_v out_o to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o be_v obscure_a and_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o both_o their_o consent_n be_v the_o great_a and_o they_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o purity_n long_o before_o any_o supremacy_n be_v usurp_v or_o any_o sect_n or_o faction_n know_v to_o adulterate_a the_o primitive_a truth_n the_o schoolman_n that_o succeed_v to_o these_o schoolman_n the_o schoolman_n do_v often_o show_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o wit_n but_o they_o happen_v to_o live_v in_o very_o unhappy_a time_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o good_a art_n no_o marvel_v then_o if_o among_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o their_o write_n commendable_a there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v pardonable_a and_o yet_o when_o they_o agree_v in_o matter_n of_o morality_n they_o seldom_o err_v be_v very_o quick-sighted_a to_o discern_v what_o in_o the_o say_n of_o other_o man_n be_v to_o be_v reprove_v and_o yet_o even_o in_o this_o very_a endeavour_n of_o they_o to_o defend_v their_o diverse_a opinion_n they_o furnish_v we_o with_o great_a example_n of_o modesty_n while_o they_o contend_v among_o themselves_o with_o reason_n and_o argument_n and_o not_o as_o the_o custom_n now_o begin_v to_o deface_v our_o book_n with_o reproach_n the_o spurious_a issue_n of_o weak_a and_o effeminate_a mind_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o first_o be_v they_o who_o pain_n appear_v in_o the_o pandect_a constitution_n the_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n 1._o the_o pandect_a 2._o code_o 3._o novel_a constitution_n the_o code_o of_o theodosius_n and_o justinian_n and_o in_o the_o novel_a constitution_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v they_o who_o succeed_v to_o irnerius_n as_o acursius_n bartolus_n and_o many_o more_o who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v of_o those_o who_o join_v humane_a learning_n with_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o first_o i_o confess_v i_o owe_v much_o as_o well_o for_o the_o solidity_n of_o their_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o for_o the_o testimony_n they_o often_o give_v both_o to_o that_o law_n and_o not_o much_o less_o to_o that_o of_o nation_n yet_o so_o that_o even_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v often_o use_v these_o name_n promiscuous_o misapply_v that_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o force_n but_o among_o some_o people_n only_o and_o that_o not_o by_o any_o consent_n or_o agreement_n but_o because_o they_o take_v it_o one_o from_o another_o by_o imitation_n or_o by_o chance_n yea_o and_o even_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o ofttimes_o handle_v confuse_o and_o indiscreet_o with_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o chapter_n of_o captive_n and_o postliminy_n to_o distinguish_v these_o i_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n the_o second_o sort_n sort_n second_o sort_n regardless_o of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o ancient_a history_n endeavour_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o king_n or_o people_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n assume_v some_o thing_n from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n but_o these_o also_o be_v often_o frustrate_v by_o the_o infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o those_o law_n although_o otherwise_o acute_a enough_o to_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v good_a and_o right_a whereby_o they_o often_o become_v good_a lawmaker_n though_o not_o so_o good_a expositor_n of_o law_n already_o make_v these_o therefore_o be_v then_o to_o be_v hearken_v unto_o when_o they_o give_v testimony_n to_o such_o a_o custom_n as_o now_o pass_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n sort_n three_o sort_n but_o of_o those_o of_o the_o three_o form_n who_o confine_v themselves_o whole_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o never_o or_o at_o least_o very_a seldom_o expatiate_v into_o that_o law_n that_o be_v common_a there_o be_v but_o very_o little_a use_n to_o be_v make_v to_o our_o purpose_n these_o man_n have_v join_v their_o school-subtlety_n with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o canon_n abstain_v not_o from_o the_o decide_n of_o all_o controversy_n between_o king_n and_o people_n among_o who_o be_v two_o spaniard_n namely_o covarruvia_n and_o vasquius_fw-la this_o latter_a use_v great_a boldness_n the_o former_a much_o more_o modesty_n and_o not_o without_o sound_a judgement_n the_o french_a choose_v rather_o to_o intersert_n history_n with_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v bodine_n and_o hottoman_n the_o former_a in_o a_o continue_a treatise_n the_o latter_a in_o some_o scatter_a question_n who_o judgement_n and_o reason_n will_v often_o supply_v we_o with_o matter_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n especial_o three_o thing_n the_o author_n propose_v to_o himself_o especial_o in_o this_o whole_a treatise_n i_o chief_o propose_v to_o myself_o three_o thing_n first_o to_o make_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o definition_n as_o evident_a as_o i_o can_v second_o to_o dispose_v the_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o into_o a_o certain_a order_n and_o method_n and_o three_o clear_o to_o distinguish_v those_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o be_v not_o i_o have_v purposely_o abstain_v from_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o another_o treatise_n as_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v of_o common_a use_n to_o be_v do_v because_o these_o have_v a_o art_n
mark_n mark_v ch._n 6_o ver._n 45_o he_o constrain_v his_o disciple_n p_o 390_o mark_n ver._n 48_o make_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v p_o 439_o mark_n ch._n 14_o ver._n 21_o it_o have_v be_v better_a p_o 366_o luck_n luke_n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o all_o the_o world_n p_o 407_o luke_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 14_o be_v content_n with_o your_o wage_n p_o 23_o 53_o luke_n ch._n 13_o ver._n 33_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n p_o 48_o luke_n ch._n 14_o ver._n 23_o compel_v they_o to_o come_v in_o p_o 390_o luke_n ch._n 17_o ver._n 3_o forgive_v if_o he_o repent_v p_o 371_o luke_n ch._n 18_o ver._n 7_o 8_o shall_v not_o god_n revenge_v p_o 33_o luke_n ch._n 22_o ver._n 30_o destroy_v this_o temple_n p_o 441_o luke_n ver._n 36_o buy_v a_o sword_n p_o 33_o luke_n ch._n 24_o ver._n 28_o make_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v p_o 438_o john_n john_n ch._n 4_o ver._n 9_o water_n of_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n p_o 185_o john_n ch._n 8_o ver._n 7_o cast_v the_o first_o stone_n p_o 363_o john_n ch._n 11_o ver._n 11_o lazarus_n sleep_v p_o 440_o john_n ch._n 33_o ver._n 21_o destroy_v this_o temple_n p_o 441_o john_n ch._n 18_o ver._n 8.9_o suffer_v these_o to_o go_v p_o 33_o john_n ver._n 36_o my_o kingdom_n be_v not_o of_o this_o p_o 408_o acts._n act_n ch._n 10_o ver._n 2_o cornelius_n p_o 8_o act_n ch._n 13_o ver._n 2_o sergius_n paulus_n p_o 20_o act_n ch._n 16_o ver._n 3_o paul_n circumcise_v timothy_n and_o why_o p_o 439_o act_n ch._n 17_o ver._n 4_o pious_a grecian_n p_o 8_o act_n ch._n 25_o ver._n 11_o i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v p_o 21_o act_n ch._n 26_o king_n agrippa_n p_o 18_o act_n ch._n 28_o ver._n 18_o they_o find_v no_o cause_n of_o death_n in_o i_o p_o 20_o roman_n rom._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 14_o by_o nature_n the_o thing_n of_o the_o law_n p_o 9_o rom._n ch._n 3_o ver._n 27_o the_o law_n of_o work_n p_o 17_o rom._n ch._n 5_o ver._n 12_o judge_v those_o that_o be_v without_o p_o 408_o rom._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 12_o the_o law_n be_v holy_a and_o just_a p_o 10_o rom._n ver._n 14_o spiritual_n law_n p_o 17_o 18_o rom._n ch._n 10_o ver._n 5_o the_o law_n lead_v unto_o christ_n p_o 10_o rom._n ch._n 12_o ver._n 19_o avenge_v not_o yourselves_o p_o 31_o 33_o rom._n ch._n 13_o ver._n 1_o let_v every_o soul_n p_o 18_o 24_o 59_o rom._n ver._n 2_o subject_n not_o resist_v p_o 55_o rom._n ver._n 4_o for_o conscience_n sake_n p_o 33_o rom._n ver._n 5_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n ib._n rom._n ver._n 6_o tribute_n p_o 20_o rom._n ch._n 14_o ver._n 23_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n p_o 411_o 1_o corinthian_n 1_o cor._n ch._n 4._o ver._n 6_o p_o 439_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o christian_n not_o to_o go_v to_o law_n p_o 21_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 17_o all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a p_o 456_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 10_o who_o without_o repentance_n p_o 49_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 21_o servant_n be_v content_a p_o 407_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 25_o no_o commandment_n from_o the_o lord_n p_o 109_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 36_o virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v for_o themselves_o p_o 107_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 11_o ver._n 14_o man_n not_o to_o wear_v long_a hair_n p_o 165_o 2_o corinthian_n 2_o cor._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 20_o yea_o and_o amen_n p_o 174_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 14_o what_o fellowship_n have_v christ_n with_o belial_n p_o 186_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 10_o ver._n 34_o the_o weapon_n of_o our_o warfare_n p_o 24_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 12_o ver._n 14_o but_o parent_n for_o their_o child_n p_o 124_o galatian_n gal._n ch._n 3_o ver._n 25_o the_o law_n be_v our_o guide_n p_o 10_o gal._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 1_o the_o pupil_n during_o nonage_n p_o 89_o gal._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 5_o servant_n not_o to_o fly_v p_o 116_o ephesian_n eph._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 3_o by_o nature_n child_n of_o wrath_n p_o 165_o eph._n ver._n 14_o the_o partition_n wall_n p_o 9_o 20_o eph._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 12_o wrestle_v not_o against_o flesh_n p_o 24_o philippian_n phil._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 8_o all_o honesty_n and_o virtue_n p_o 21_o colossian_n colos_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 22_o servant_n to_o please_v their_o master_n p_o 117_o 1_o thessalonian_o 1_o thess_n ch._n 1_o ver._n 15_o equal_o yoke_v with_o unbeliever_n p_o 186_o 1_o timothy_n 1_o tim._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o 2_o 3_o prayer_n for_o king_n p_o 17_o 1_o tim._n ch._n 5_o ver._n 3_o 17_o to_o honour_n be_v to_o do_v good_a p_o 170_o titus_n tit._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 9_o servant_n not_o to_o fly_v from_o their_o master_n p_o 116_o 117_o hebrew_n heb._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 17_o by_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v lie_v p_o 168_o heb._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 4_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n p_o 468_o heb._n ver._n 16_o the_o law_n of_o a_o carnal_a commandment_n p_o 17_o heb._n ver._n 19_o the_o law_n imperfect_a p_o 10_o heb._n ch._n 8_o ver._n 7_o have_v the_o first_o covenant_n be_v blameless_a ibid._n heb._n ch._n 11_o ver._n 6_o religion_n a_o access_n unto_o god_n p_o 388_o heb._n ver._n 34_o by_o faith_n p_o 13_o james_n james_n ch._n 4_o ver._n 1_o whence_o come_v war._n p_o 24_o james_n ch._n 5_o ver._n 12_o above_o all_o thing_n swear_v not_o p_o 174_o 1_o peter_n 1_o pet._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o to_o king_n as_o supreme_a to_o magistrate_n as_o subordinate_a p_o 58_o 59_o 1_o pet._n ver._n 17_o 18_o honour_n the_o king_n servant_n be_v subject_a p_o 57_o 1_o john_n 1_o john_n ch._n 2_o ver._n 16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o eye_n p_o 379_o 1_o john_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 16_o lay_v down_o our_o life_n for_o our_o brethren_n p_o 34_o 1_o john_n ch._n 5_o ver._n 16_o sin_n unto_o death_n p_o 366_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n of_o this_o translation_n be_v by_o profession_n a_o divine_a eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n he_o be_v a_o great_a admirer_n of_o the_o work_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n anâ—_n value_v he_o particular_o upon_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n wherein_o find_v matter_n fit_a for_o a_o general_a communication_n he_o think_v it_o well_o worth_a his_o time_n to_o translate_v it_o be_v the_o labour_n or_o rather_o pastime_n of_o the_o last_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o life_n to_o perfect_v it_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o print_v during_o his_o life_n and_o so_o we_o find_v it_o in_o his_o study_n after_o his_o death_n and_o although_o it_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o estate_n yet_o we_o to_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n think_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o make_v this_o public_a believe_v it_o will_v prove_v a_o more_o durable_a monument_n to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n than_o any_o other_o we_o can_v raise_v unto_o he_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v a_o jewel_n but_o hide_v from_o vulgar_a capacity_n it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o jewel_n now_o it_o be_v make_v intelligible_a to_o every_o capacity_n we_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v this_o epistle_n in_o praise_n either_o of_o the_o work_n or_o the_o author_n the_o translation_n be_v sufficient_a for_o both_o if_o thou_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v it_o john_n nelham_n thomas_n whitfield_n nou._n 1681._o hugh_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o war_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n what_o war_n be_v and_o what_o right_o be_v i._o the_o order_n of_o the_o whole_a treatise_n ii_o the_o definition_n of_o war_n and_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n bellum_n iii_o right_n as_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o action_n define_v and_o divide_v into_o that_o which_o concern_v governor_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v equal_n iu._n right_o take_v for_o a_o quality_n divide_v into_o faculty_n and_o aptitude_n or_o fitness_n v._o faculty_n strict_o take_v divide_v into_o power_n dominion_n and_o credit_n vi_o another_o division_n of_o faculty_n into_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a and_o that_o which_o be_v high_a and_o eminent_a vii_o aptitude_n what_o viii_o of_o expletive_a and_o attributive_a justice_n not_o right_o distinguish_v by_o geometrical_a and_o arithmetical_a proportion_n nor_o in_o that_o this_o be_v conversant_a about_o thing_n common_a that_o about_o thing_n private_a ix_o right_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n how_o define_v and_o divide_v into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a x._o the_o law_n of_o nature_n define_v divide_v and_o distinguish_v from_o such_o as_o be_v not_o proper_o so_o call_v xi_o that_o natural_a instinct_n either_o common_a with_o other_o live_a creature_n or_o
regard_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o person_n but_o the_o bare_a right_n of_o he_o that_o ought_v to_o receive_v it_o this_o young_a cyrus_n learn_v of_o his_o tutor_n in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v two_o boy_n that_o have_v two_o coat_n gill._n aulus_n gill._n both_o of_o different_a dimension_n the_o big_a boy_n have_v the_o lesser_a coat_n and_o the_o lesser_a boy_n have_v the_o big_a coat_n which_o the_o big_a boy_n take_v from_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o himself_o leave_v he_o the_o lesser_a coat_n which_o also_o be_v fit_a for_o he_o whereof_o cyrus_n be_v make_v judge_n mistake_n cyrus_n his_o mistake_n and_o regard_v more_o what_o be_v fit_a and_o convenient_a than_o what_o be_v just_a and_o right_o adjudge_v the_o great_a coat_n to_o the_o big_a boy_n and_o the_o little_a coat_n to_o the_o lesser_a boy_n but_o his_o tutor_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v do_v amiss_o for_o have_v he_o be_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v fit_a he_o have_v do_v well_o but_o be_v to_o judge_v who_o each_o coat_n be_v he_o be_v to_o regard_v who_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o it_o he_o that_o by_o force_n take_v the_o great_a coat_n away_o or_o be_v that_o make_v it_o 19.15_o exod._n 23.3_o levit._fw-la 19.15_o or_o buy_v it_o this_o be_v it_o that_o moses_n in_o his_o law_n forbid_v say_v thou_o shall_v not_o regard_v the_o poor_a in_o judgement_n but_o shall_v judge_v thy_o neighbour_n with_o righteousness_n which_o can_v be_v do_v unless_o we_o do_v as_o philo_n advise_v a_fw-la personis_fw-la litig_fw-mi antibus_fw-la res_fw-la abstrahere_fw-la consider_v the_o matter_n without_o regard_v the_o party_n contend_v ix_o right_o as_o take_v for_o a_o rule_n or_o law_n define_v there_o be_v also_o a_o three_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n jus_n or_o right_o which_o make_v it_o equivalent_a to_o the_o word_n lex_n that_o be_v law_n when_o take_v in_o its_o large_a sense_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n to_o moral_a action_n oblige_v we_o to_o do_v that_o 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injurer_n although_o those_o injury_n do_v not_o the_o least_o touch_v we_o and_o the_o great_a the_o wrong_a be_v the_o great_a be_v our_o indignation_n against_o he_o that_o do_v it_o no_o man_n be_v equal_o incense_v against_o he_o that_o cut_v a_o purse_n only_o as_o he_o be_v against_o he_o that_o commit_v a_o murder_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n justice_n be_v attribute_v to_o brute_n beast_n it_o be_v improper_o and_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o analogy_n or_o resemblance_n that_o it_o have_v to_o humane_a justice_n 5._o pliny_n l._n 8._o c._n 5._o as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o 30_o elephant_n record_v by_o pliny_n who_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v provoke_v to_o be_v instrumental_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o king_n bacchus_n in_o worry_v 30_o other_o elephant_n which_o he_o have_v bind_v to_o so_o many_o tree_n on_o purpose_n to_o have_v they_o destroy_v 10._o lib._n 10._o and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o asp_n record_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n who_o have_v be_v say_v 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erratum_fw-la sed_fw-la traditum_fw-la what_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o most_o be_v not_o error_n but_o tradition_n i_o say_v before_o that_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o nature_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o most_o civilise_v nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o some_o people_n be_v so_o fierce_a and_o savage_a that_o they_o have_v hardly_o any_o humanity_n among_o they_o as_o prophyrie_n right_o observe_v now_o no_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n sure_o will_v impute_v this_o as_o a_o general_a reproach_n to_o all_o mankind_n sure_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o the_o same_o with_o all_o mankind_n that_o be_v of_o sound_n and_o perfect_a mind_n rhod._n andr._n rhod._n but_o if_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o to_o such_o be_v of_o distemper_a and_o perverse_a spirit_n or_o have_v be_v so_o corrupt_v through_o a_o evil_a education_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v even_o common_a sense_n and_o all_o natural_a notion_n it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o weaken_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v evince_v that_o honey_n be_v not_o sweet_a because_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v so_o to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a or_o of_o distemper_a palate_n not_o much_o discrepant_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o pompey_n there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o be_v any_o man_n by_o nature_n wild_a and_o unsociable_a many_o have_v indeed_o be_v make_v so_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n law_n and_o yet_o even_o these_o by_o change_v their_o manner_n of_o life_n or_o the_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o become_v gentle_a and_o sociable_a and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o the_o description_n that_o he_o give_v of_o man_n make_v this_o as_o it_o be_v his_o proper_a passion_n that_o he_o be_v by_o nature_n a_o creature_n mild_a and_o tractable_a 3._o top._n l._n 5._o c._n 3._o especial_o if_o we_o judge_v of_o he_o according_a to_o that_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n lay_v down_o quid_fw-la naturale_fw-la sit_fw-la spectandum_fw-la in_o his_o quae_fw-la bene_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la se_fw-la habent_fw-la non_fw-la in_o depravatis_fw-la 5._o pol._n l._n 1._o 5._o what_o be_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v perfect_a in_o their_o own_o kind_n and_o not_o by_o those_o that_o be_v deprave_v and_o corrupt_v for_o if_o we_o steer_v our_o judgement_n by_o this_o rule_n we_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v man_n to_o be_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n the_o most_o meek_a gentle_a and_o peaceable_a creature_n of_o all_o other_o as_o have_v nothing_o by_o nature_n give_v he_o whereby_o either_o to_o offend_v other_o or_o to_o defend_v himself_o beside_o as_o nature_n have_v make_v he_o the_o gentle_a of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n so_o as_o philo_n observe_v have_v she_o make_v he_o sociable_a nay_o greedy_a of_o society_n and_o have_v also_o fit_v he_o thereunto_o by_o give_v he_o that_o excellent_a ornament_n of_o speech_n wherewith_o his_o passion_n though_o never_o so_o fierce_a and_o rage_a be_v sudden_o as_o if_o by_o some_o spell_n or_o incantation_n becalm_v xiii_o voluntary_a law_n another_o species_n of_o jus_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n there_o be_v which_o we_o call_v voluntary_a because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n which_o be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a fourteen_o humane_a law_n divide_v we_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a because_o it_o be_v more_o general_o know_v and_o this_o be_v either_o civil_a or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o extend_v or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o contract_v than_o civil_a the_o civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n the_o civil_a power_n
be_v that_o which_o govern_v any_o city_n now_o a_o city_n be_v a_o complete_a company_n of_o freeman_n associate_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o right_n and_o for_o their_o common_a profit_n that_o law_n that_o be_v of_o lesser_a extent_n and_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o civil_a power_n though_o subject_n unto_o it_o be_v various_a comprehend_v under_o it_o that_o of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n that_o of_o a_o master_n over_o his_o servant_n and_o the_o like_a that_o law_n which_o be_v more_o extensive_a than_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a be_v that_o of_o nation_n which_o derive_v its_o authority_n from_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o all_o or_o at_o least_o of_o many_o nation_n i_o say_v of_o many_o because_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o law_n beside_o that_o of_o nature_n which_o also_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n yea_o ofttimes_o that_o which_o be_v account_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o another_o be_v not_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o captivity_n and_o postliminy_n now_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v prove_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o unwritten_a civil_a law_n be_v namely_o by_o continual_a use_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o man_n skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o dio_n chrysostome_n call_v it_o the_o daughter_n of_o time_n and_o experience_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o annal_n of_o former_a age_n of_o singular_a use_n xv._o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n divide_v the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o express_a will_n of_o god_n as_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o very_a word_n itself_o whereby_o it_o be_v difference_v from_o the_o natural_a law_n which_o in_o some_o sense_n may_v be_v term_v divine_a also_o and_o here_o that_o which_o be_v say_v by_o anaxarchus_n in_o plutarch_n though_o somewhat_o confuse_o may_v take_v place_n namely_o that_o god_n do_v not_o will_n thing_n because_o they_o be_v just_a but_o thing_n be_v therefore_o just_a that_o be_v right_o due_a because_o he_o wiâ—s_v they_o now_o this_o law_n be_v give_v by_o god_n either_o to_o all_o mankind_n or_o to_o one_o nation_n to_o all_o mankind_n we_o find_v that_o god_n give_v law_n thâ—iâ—e_v auditor_n that_o this_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n be_v as_o oblige_v before_o the_o write_n of_o it_o in_o â—ooks_n or_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o be_v since_o be_v clear_a for_o first_o if_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v only_o from_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n they_o that_o live_v before_o moses_n be_v no_o way_n oblige_v by_o it_o because_o till_o then_o it_o be_v not_o write_v second_o than_o the_o obligation_n must_v needs_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o law_n so_o write_v and_o so_o to_o every_o circumstance_n of_o the_o judaical_a sabbath_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o only_a true_a god_n neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o say_v it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o adam_n and_o noah_n it_o be_v uncertain_a unto_o we_o now_o whether_o there_o be_v so_o ancient_a a_o record_n or_o not_o much_o more_o *_o whether_o that_o which_o be_v write_v be_v as_o the_o table_n of_o the_o law_n write_v by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n *_o dr._n hammond_n the_o six_o law_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n as_o first_o that_o against_o strange_a and_o false_a worship_n second_o that_o of_o blessing_n the_o name_n of_o god_n that_o be_v of_o adore_v invocate_a and_o praise_v god_n three_o that_o of_o judgement_n that_o be_v of_o erect_v of_o magistrate_n and_o require_v administration_n of_o justice_n four_o that_o of_o disclose_v nakedness_n i._n e._n set_v bound_n to_o lust_n and_o prohibit_v marriage_n within_o such_o degree_n five_o that_o of_o shed_v blood_n against_o homicide_n and_o sixthly_a that_o against_o theft_n and_o rapine_n and_o of_o do_v to_o all_o as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v unto_o be_v not_o where_o record_v in_o holy_a writ_n yet_o be_v they_o as_o oblige_v to_o the_o jâ—ws_n that_o know_v they_o as_o any_o of_o the_o write_a law_n of_o moses_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o touch_v at_o act._n 15.20_o â—ut_v so_o sure_o that_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o those_o writing_n of_o the_o jew_n that_o be_v never_o within_o their_o canon_n nor_o in_o we_o we_o of_o these_o time_n have_v never_o know_v to_o what_o that_o reference_n belong_v and_o as_o all_o the_o law_n that_o be_v give_v to_o adam_n noah_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o patriarch_n although_o not_o commit_v to_o writing_n nor_o traduce_v to_o we_o yet_o lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o oblige_a power_n to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v give_v so_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a law_n although_o christ_n reveal_v much_o of_o his_o father_n will_n in_o sermon_n and_o other_o occasional_a discourse_n very_o few_o whereof_o be_v write_v and_o those_o that_o be_v be_v not_o so_o write_v until_o many_o year_n after_o his_o resurrection_n yet_o will_v no_o man_n say_v that_o because_o they_o be_v not_o leave_v write_v therefore_o they_o do_v not_o oblige_v his_o auditor_n first_o immediate_o after_o the_o creation_n of_o man_n second_o in_o the_o restauration_n of_o mankind_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o three_o in_o that_o more_o perfect_a reparation_n by_o christ_n tâ—ese_n three_o law_n do_v doubtless_o oblige_v all_o mankind_n as_o soon_o as_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o xvi_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o oblige_v stranger_n of_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v but_o one_o to_o who_o god_n vouchsafe_v to_o give_v law_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o jew_n what_o nation_n say_v moses_n so_o great_a to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v statute_n and_o judgement_n so_o righteous_a as_o this_o whole_a law_n deut._n 4.7_o so_o likewise_o davia_n the_o lord_n have_v show_v his_o word_n unto_o jacob_n his_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n unto_o israel_n non_fw-la ita_fw-la fecit_fw-la genti_fw-la ulli_fw-la he_o have_v not_o do_v so_o to_o any_o nation_n neither_o have_v the_o heathen_a knowledge_n of_o his_o law_n 147._o psalm_n 147._o doubtless_o then_o those_o jew_n and_o among_o they_o tryphon_n himself_o in_o his_o disceptation_n against_o justine_n do_v gross_o err_v who_o hold_v that_o even_o foreigner_n if_o they_o will_v be_v save_v must_v submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n for_o that_o law_n bind_v none_o but_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v and_o who_o these_o be_v the_o preface_n to_o the_o law_n itself_o will_v plain_o declare_v audi_fw-la israel_n hear_v o_o israel_n say_v the_o text_n and_o every_o where_o we_o read_v that_o the_o covenant_n be_v make_v with_o they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n which_o maimonides_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v true_a and_o prove_v it_o out_o of_o deut._n 33.4_o but_o even_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o always_o live_v some_o foreigner_n be_v holy_a man_n and_o such_o as_o fear_v god_n as_o the_o syrophoenician_n woman_n mat._n 15.22_o cornelius_n act_v 10.2_o the_o grecian_n mention_v act_n 18.4_o who_o they_o call_v the_o pious_a among_o the_o gentile_n such_o as_o be_v term_v stranger_n leu._n 22.25_o and_o a_o sojourner_n leu._n 25.47_o who_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v call_v a_o inhabitant_n that_o be_v uncircumcised_a whereof_o we_o may_v read_v exod._n 12.45_o who_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o proselyte_n who_o though_o a_o foreigner_n yet_o be_v circumcise_v as_o appear_v bâ—_n compare_v this_o place_n with_o that_o of_o numb_a 9.14_o these_o uncircumcised_a sojourner_n maimonides_n admit_v may_v be_v partaker_n of_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v st._n chrysostome_n upon_o the_o second_o to_o the_o roman_n 10._o rom._n 2.9_o 10._o where_o st_n paul_n mention_n the_o jew_n and_o gentile_a write_v thus_o what_o jew_n and_o what_o gentile_a do_v st._n paul_n here_o mean_a sure_o those_o say_v he_o that_o live_v before_o christ_n as_o job_n the_o ninevite_n melchisedeck_v cornelius_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o grecian_n do_v he_o discourse_v of_o sure_o not_o such_o as_o be_v idolater_n but_o such_o as_o worship_v god_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o set_v aside_o the_o jewish_a ceremony_n religious_o observe_v all_o thing_n that_o appertain_v to_o a_o holy_a life_n and_o again_o the_o grecian_a he_o call_v not_o he_o that_o worship_v idol_n but_o he_o that_o be_v pious_a and_o devout_a though_o be_v submit_v not_o to_o the_o jewish_a rite_n and_o thus_o likewise_o do_v he_o expound_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n to_o he_o
be_v blamles_o undo_v so_o as_o to_o consist_v as_o i_o may_v say_v in_o a_o very_a point_n from_o which_o if_o a_o man_n deviate_v on_o either_o side_n he_o fall_v into_o vice_n and_o some_o time_n large_o for_o that_o which_o may_v be_v commendable_o do_v and_o yet_o blameless_o either_o leave_v undo_v or_o do_v otherwise_o now_o concern_v thing_n honest_a in_o this_o latter_a sense_n be_v all_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a conversant_a make_v those_o thing_n due_a debt_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v commendable_a only_o above_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v question_v whether_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v not_o unjust_o but_o that_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v unjust_a which_o have_v a_o necessary_a repugnancy_n to_o rational_a and_o social_a nature_n now_o among_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o thing_n repugnant_a to_o war_n nay_o all_o thing_n seem_v high_o to_o favour_v it_o for_o both_o the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v the_o conservation_n both_o of_o our_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o the_o acquire_v or_o retain_v of_o what_o do_v necessary_o conduce_v thereunto_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a instinct_n and_o to_o do_v this_o by_o force_n if_o necessity_n require_v it_o be_v a_o like_a natural_a for_o why_o else_o have_v nature_n give_v unto_o every_o creature_n strength_n to_o help_v and_o to_o defend_v itself_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n say_v xenophon_n be_v expert_a in_o some_o kind_n of_o war_n have_v no_o other_o instructor_n than_o nature_n each_o both_o its_o enemy_n and_o preserver_n know_v she_o weapon_n give_v and_o how_o to_o use_v they_o show_v so_o likewise_o horace_n who_o teach_v the_o wolf_n to_o bite_v the_o ox_n to_o gore_v the_o horse_n to_o kick_v all_o be_v set_v on_o nature_n score_n but_o lucretius_n yet_o more_o full_o all_o beast_n their_o power_n to_o hurt_v full_a well_o can_v tell_v calf_n ere_o they_o sprout_v know'ng_v where_o their_o horn_n shall_v dwell_v with_o angry_a brow_n their_o urge_v foe_n repel_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o martial_a the_o calf_n with_o unhorned_a brow_n to_o fight_n prepare_v animal_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la animal_n every_o live_a creature_n say_v porphyry_n be_v teach_v by_o nature_n wherein_o its_o strength_n and_o wherein_o in_o its_o weakness_n lie_v and_o according_o to_o expose_v the_o one_o to_o defend_v the_o other_o the_o libard_n make_v use_v of_o his_o tooth_n the_o lion_n of_o his_o claw_n and_o tooth_n the_o horse_n defend_v himself_o with_o his_o hoof_n and_o the_o ox_n with_o his_o horn_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o galen_n we_o see_v every_o live_a creature_n make_v use_n of_o that_o part_n for_o its_o own_o defence_n wherein_o it_o conceive_v itself_o strong_a the_o young_a colt_n will_v kick_v with_o his_o hoof_n before_o they_o be_v harden_v and_o the_o calf_n threaten_v with_o its_o head_n partium_fw-la de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la though_o it_o have_v no_o horn_n and_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o member_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n fit_v by_o nature_n either_o for_o war_n or_o peace_n for_o although_o he_o be_v bear_v unarm_v yet_o have_v nature_n give_v he_o hand_n apt_a to_o provide_v and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o arm_n which_o infant_n we_o see_v do_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o instruction_n it_o be_v well_o observe_v of_o st._n chrysostome_n 11._o de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la 11._o that_o to_o all_o creature_n who_o want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n nature_n have_v affix_v arm_n to_o their_o body_n as_o to_o the_o ox_n horn_n to_o the_o boar_n tusk_n to_o the_o lion_n claw_n but_o to_o i_o say_v he_o have_v god_n assign_v arm_n not_o affix_v to_o my_o body_n but_o without_o it_o hereby_o show_v that_o he_o intend_v man_n for_o a_o gentle_a creature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o i_o at_o all_o time_n to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o arms._n for_o as_o i_o often_o lay_v they_o aside_o so_o i_o sometime_o assume_v they_o that_o therefore_o i_o may_v be_v the_o more_o free_a and_o at_o liberty_n and_o not_o always_o compel_v to_o go_v arm_v god_n though_o he_o have_v give_v i_o arm_n yet_o have_v place_v they_o without_o i_o aristotle_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hand_n be_v give_v unto_o man_n instead_o of_o a_o sword_n a_o spear_n or_o any_o other_o weapon_n because_o he_o can_v thereby_o make_v use_n of_o all_o hence_o than_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o in_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o war._n but_o if_o we_o will_v examine_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n by_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n which_o be_v the_o second_o and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n to_o judge_v by_o we_o shall_v plain_o perceive_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o force_n be_v not_o thereby_o forbid_v but_o that_o only_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a society_n that_o be_v which_o invade_v another_o man_n right_a for_o the_o main_a end_n whereunto_o such_o society_n be_v at_o first_o enter_v into_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a shall_v engage_v itself_o that_o each_o part_n thereof_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v its_o own_o which_o without_o much_o difficulty_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n although_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v dominion_n have_v not_o be_v introduce_v because_o our_o life_n our_o limb_n and_o our_o liberty_n have_v even_o then_o be_v our_o own_o and_o can_v not_o without_o manifest_a injury_n have_v be_v invade_v or_o take_v from_o we_o so_o likewise_o to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v then_o in_o common_a and_o to_o have_v consume_v as_o much_o of_o they_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o sustain_v nature_n death_n to_o rob_v another_o be_v more_o against_o nature_n than_o sickness_n imprisonment_n or_o than_o death_n have_v be_v even_o then_o the_o right_n of_o the_o occupant_a but_o since_o dominion_n have_v be_v either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n establish_v this_o be_v much_o easy_a to_o be_v admit_v and_o understand_v which_o i_o shall_v take_v leave_n to_o express_v in_o cicero_n own_o word_n 3._o word_n de_fw-fr offic_n l._n 3._o to_o purloyn_n from_o another_o that_o which_o be_v his_o or_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o by_o the_o spoil_n of_o other_o be_v more_o repugnant_a to_o nature_n than_o sickness_n poverty_n imprisonment_n banishment_n yea_o than_o death_n itself_o for_o it_o dissolve_v that_o contignation_n that_o there_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v betwixt_o mankind_n for_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v it_o must_v necessary_o disjoint_v and_o break_v in_o piece_n that_o sweet_a consociation_n that_o there_o be_v between_o man_n and_o man_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n if_o every_o member_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v possess_v with_o this_o opinion_n that_o it_o shall_v enjoy_v better_a health_n if_o it_o can_v attract_v unto_o itself_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o member_n next_o unto_o it_o and_o shall_v thereupon_o do_v it_o will_v not_o the_o whole_a body_n languish_v present_o and_o die_v so_o if_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o what_o one_o man_n sow_v another_o shall_v reap_v that_o what_o one_o man_n plant_v another_o shall_v receive_v the_o fruit_n of_o or_o that_o one_o man_n shall_v enrich_v himself_o by_o the_o spoil_n of_o another_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o that_o society_n shall_v long_o stand_v for_o as_o it_o be_v most_o natural_a for_o every_o man_n to_o love_v himself_o best_a and_o to_o feed_v and_o support_v himself_o rather_o than_o another_o with_o what_o be_v his_o own_o so_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o unnatural_a or_o abhor_v from_o right_a reason_n than_o for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v away_o from_o his_o neighbour_n that_o wherewith_o he_o shall_v sustain_v himself_o or_o to_o improve_v his_o own_o estate_n by_o the_o ruin_n of_o his_o neighbour_n neither_o be_v this_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n than_o it_o be_v to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o city_n for_o to_o this_o point_n do_v they_o all_o steer_v at_o this_o they_o chief_o collime_v this_o they_o all_o of_o they_o strict_o command_v and_o enjojn_n that_o every_o member_n of_o that_o society_n shall_v free_o enjoy_v his_o own_o without_o fear_n or_o disturbance_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v that_o excellent_a conjunction_n and_o confederation_n between_o they_o preserve_v sound_a and_o entire_a and_o he_o that_o willing_o break_v this_o golden_a chain_n of_o humane_a society_n be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n and_o astipulation_n of_o all_o people_n adjudge_v as_o unworthy_a of_o humane_a society_n and_o therefore_o like_o some_o noxious_a beast_n be_v deserve_o prosecute_v to_o banishment_n bond_n
imprisonment_n yea_o and_o even_o to_o death_n itself_o this_o then_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o municipal_a law_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o the_o voice_n of_o god_n himself_o whereunto_o whosoever_o willing_o conform_v himself_o will_v certain_o so_o moderate_a his_o desire_n that_o he_o will_v never_o covet_v what_o be_v not_o his_o own_o nor_o either_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n impoverish_v other_o for_o his_o own_o private_a gain_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unnatural_a nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a nothing_o more_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n neither_o be_v it_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n for_o a_o man_n to_o provide_v for_o himself_o so_o as_o he_o do_v not_o damnify_v his_o neighbour_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o force_n which_o do_v not_o violate_v another_o man_n right_n be_v not_o unjust_a which_o the_o same_o cicero_n thus_o express_v since_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o decertation_n the_o one_o by_o argument_n the_o other_o by_o plain_a force_n the_o former_a be_v proper_a to_o man_n the_o other_o to_o beast_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o latter_a our_o refuge_n when_o by_o the_o former_a we_o can_v prevail_v and_o in_o another_o place_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la contra_fw-la vim_o fieri_fw-la sine_fw-la vi_fw-la posset_n 3._o ep._n fam._n l._n 12._o ep_n 3._o what_o remedy_n can_v we_o have_v against_o force_n but_o by_o force_n so_o vulpian_n to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n be_v a_o right_a that_o nature_n ordain_v for_o all_o creature_n arm_n against_o arm_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v ovid._n ovid._n ii_o this_o prove_v by_o history_n what_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o war_n that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v far_o justify_v out_o of_o the_o sacred_a story_n for_o god_n by_o his_o highpriest_n melchisedeck_v do_v approve_v of_o the_o war_n make_v by_o abraham_n and_o his_o confederate_n upon_o those_o four_o king_n that_o come_v to_o plunder_v sodom_n yea_o and_o melchisedeck_v bless_v god_n for_o the_o victory_n bless_v say_v he_o be_v the_o most_o high_a god_n who_o have_v deliver_v thy_o enemy_n into_o thy_o hand_n gen._n 14.20_o and_o yet_o have_v abraham_n no_o special_a commission_n from_o god_n for_o it_o but_o be_v excite_v and_o persuade_v thereunto_o by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v himself_o a_o man_n not_o only_o exceed_o holy_a but_o very_o wise_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n that_o berosus_n and_o orpheus_n give_v of_o he_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n upon_o the_o seven_o nation_n who_o god_n deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o i_o purposely_o omit_v because_o they_o have_v a_o special_a warrant_n from_o god_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o that_o people_n who_o have_v high_o provoke_v he_o and_o therefore_o those_o war_n be_v in_o holy_a writ_n call_v the_o war_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v undertake_v by_o divine_a not_o humane_a authority_n more_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o moses_n and_o joshua_n against_o the_o amalekite_n who_o have_v forcible_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o passage_n towards_o canaan_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o command_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n exod._n 17._o 17.14_o exod._n 17.14_o nay_o far_a god_n himself_o prescribe_v unto_o moses_n certain_a general_n and_o last_a rule_n and_o ordinance_n how_o he_o shall_v make_v war_n whereby_o he_o sufficient_o testify_v that_o war_n may_v sometime_o be_v just_a 20.10.15_o deut._n 20.10.15_o though_o we_o have_v no_o special_a command_n from_o god_n to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o war_n for_o there_o moses_n make_v a_o manifest_a difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o the_o seven_o nation_n and_o the_o case_n of_o other_o people_n for_o these_o they_o may_v receive_v to_o mercy_n but_o not_o they_o and_o see_v he_o do_v not_o prescribe_v for_o what_o particular_a cause_n they_o may_v make_v a_o just_a war_n it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v presume_v that_o those_o cause_n may_v easy_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o very_a light_n of_o nature_n such_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n that_o jephtha_n make_v against_o the_o ammonite_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o boundary_n judg._n 11._o and_o that_o which_o david_n be_v enforce_v upon_o against_o those_o who_o have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o his_o ambassador_n 2_o sam._n 10._o and_o it_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v what_o the_o author_n to_o the_o hebrew_n record_n concern_v those_o pious_a hero_n gideon_n baruck_n samson_n jephtha_n david_n samuel_n etc._n etc._n that_o by_o faith_n they_o subdue_v kingdom_n and_o put_v whole_a army_n of_o the_o alien_n to_o flight_n heb._n 11.34_o where_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o faith_n 11.34_o heb._n 11.34_o be_v include_v a_o full_a assurance_n they_o have_v that_o what_o they_o then_o do_v be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o presumption_n also_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v say_v by_o a_o wise_a woman_n to_o fight_v the_o lord_n battle_n and_o make_v a_o pious_a and_o just_a war_n 25.28_o 1_o sam._n 25.28_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o all_o manner_n of_o war_n have_v be_v utter_o unlawful_a iii_o by_o example_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a story_n we_o may_v add_v for_o great_a confirmation_n the_o universal_a consent_n of_o all_o or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o wise_a of_o all_o nation_n concern_v that_o force_n whereby_o our_o life_n be_v defend_v cicero_n give_v we_o the_o testimony_n of_o nature_n itself_o est_fw-la haec_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la lex_fw-la this_o say_v he_o be_v no_o write_a law_n but_o a_o law_n that_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o miloâ—e_n pro_fw-la miloâ—e_n that_o if_o our_o life_n be_v endanger_v either_o through_o force_n or_o treachery_n all_o mean_v we_o can_v use_v for_o our_o safety_n be_v just_a and_o honest_a and_o again_o this_o the_o learned_a be_v teach_v by_o reason_n the_o unlearned_a by_o necessity_n the_o nation_n by_o custom_n and_o the_o very_a beast_n themselves_o by_o natural_a instinct_n to_o repel_v by_o all_o mean_n whatsoever_o all_o force_n and_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v we_o whereby_o our_o body_n our_o member_n or_o our_o life_n shall_v be_v endanger_v so_o cajus_n the_o lawyer_n against_o all_o imminent_a danger_n 25._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jud._n l._n 3._o c._n 25._o natural_a reason_n teach_v we_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o and_o florentinus_n whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a josephus_n also_o inform_v we_o that_o to_o preserve_v life_n be_v a_o law_n that_o nature_n herself_o have_v imprint_v in_o all_o live_a creature_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o they_o who_o endeavour_v to_o dispoil_v we_o of_o our_o life_n be_v just_o account_v our_o enemy_n which_o indeed_o have_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a equity_n that_o even_o among_o beast_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v already_o have_v nothing_o of_o justice_n or_o law_n among_o they_o more_o than_o a_o faint_a shadow_n or_o resemblance_n of_o it_o we_o distinguish_v between_o that_o beast_n which_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n assault_v we_o and_o that_o which_o assault_v we_o in_o its_o own_o defence_n and_o ulpian_n notwithstanding_o that_o he_o have_v say_v before_o that_o beast_n want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v say_v proper_o to_o do_v wrong_n yet_o he_o present_o subjoin_v that_o when_o ram_n or_o bull_n fight_v and_o kill_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n of_o qu._n mutius_n they_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o they_o so_o that_o if_o he_o perish_v that_o be_v the_o aggressor_n the_o action_n be_v null_a but_o if_o he_o perish_v that_o be_v provoke_v the_o action_n be_v good_a the_o ground_n of_o which_o law_n be_v set_v down_o by_o pliny_n because_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a creature_n but_o what_o be_v impatient_a of_o a_o injury_n and_o be_v assault_v will_v assault_v again_o for_o as_o he_o well_o observe_v lion_n will_v not_o prey_v upon_o lion_n nor_o serpent_n bite_v or_o sting_v serpent_n yet_o if_o any_o violence_n be_v offer_v they_o there_o be_v none_o but_o will_v express_v somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o anger_n none_o so_o stupid_a but_o be_v hurt_v will_v to_o his_o utmost_a power_n defend_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o all_o contest_v that_o which_o be_v defensive_a be_v the_o most_o just_a because_o natura_fw-la potior_fw-la est_fw-la salus_fw-la nostra_fw-la quam_fw-la adversarii_fw-la pernity_n commandment_n pernity_n quintil._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o see_v philo_n in_o the_o preface_n upon_o the_o five_o commandment_n our_o own_o preservation_n be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o
nature_n than_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o enemy_n iv_o that_o war_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n then_o which_o may_v likewise_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v condemn_v nor_o yet_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o history_n will_v sufficient_o instruct_v we_o wherein_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o people_n be_v faithful_o record_v nay_o by_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v war_n introduce_v say_v hermogenianus_n so_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o man_n famous_a in_o their_o several_a age_n in_o that_o of_o the_o life_n of_o themistocles_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v by_o his_o advice_n that_o the_o athenian_n surround_v their_o city_n with_o wall_n which_o notwithstanding_o by_o the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o nation_n they_o may_v do_v whereby_o to_o defend_v their_o public_a and_o private_a god_n from_o the_o sury_n of_o their_o enemy_n yet_o whereas_o i_o say_v before_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n war_n be_v at_o the_o first_o introduce_v the_o word_n will_v as_o i_o conceive_v admit_v of_o a_o better_a sense_n than_o what_o at_o the_o first_o view_n they_o seem_v to_o import_v as_o namely_o that_o there_o be_v some_o certain_a form_n and_o ceremony_n introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n do_v give_v such_o and_o such_o peculiar_a effect_n to_o such_o war_n as_o have_v they_o whence_o arise_v that_o distinction_n whereof_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o make_v use_n between_o a_o war_n that_o be_v solemn_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a that_o be_v full_a and_o absolute_a and_o a_o war_n that_o be_v not_o solemn_a yet_o cease_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v just_a that_o be_v congruous_a to_o right_n for_o even_o other_o war_n so_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v neither_o approve_v of_o nor_o yet_o impugn_v as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o it_o be_v ordain_v as_o a_o law_n among_o all_o nation_n 43._o lib._n 43._o say_v livy_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v repel_v with_o arms._n with_o who_o agree_v florentinus_n it_o be_v general_o consent_v unto_o by_o all_o nation_n that_o we_o may_v forcible_o drive_v away_o all_o violence_n and_o wrong_n offer_v unto_o we_o whereby_o our_o life_n be_v endanger_v which_o justify_v all_o war_n that_o be_v mere_o defensive_a for_o as_o much_o as_o nature_n be_v much_o better_o please_v with_o its_o own_o preservation_n than_o with_o the_o destruction_n of_o enemy_n v._n nor_o to_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n before_o christ_n but_o the_o main_a question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n to_o make_v war_n and_o here_o if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a nothing_o can_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n himself_o contrary_a to_o it_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v express_o either_o command_n or_o forbid_v but_o not_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o lawful_a only_a that_o be_v tolerate_v for_o such_o as_o these_o because_o they_o belong_v not_o proper_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o be_v without_o its_o jurisdiction_n objection_n answer_v may_v be_v either_o command_v or_o forbid_v the_o first_o objection_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n against_o war_n be_v that_o law_n give_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o posterity_n gen._n 9.5_o 6._o 6._o gen._n â—_o 5_o 6._o where_o god_n speak_v thus_o sure_o the_o blood_n of_o your_o life_n will_v i_o require_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o beast_n will_v i_o require_v it_o and_o at_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n brother_n will_v i_o require_v the_o life_n of_o man_n whosoever_o shed_v man_n blood_n by_o man_n shall_v his_o blood_n be_v shed_v for_o in_o the_o image_n of_o god_n make_v he_o man_n some_o there_o be_v that_o will_v have_v the_o former_a word_n of_o require_v blood_n understand_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n and_o the_o latter_a word_n of_o shed_v blood_n they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o commination_n and_o not_o a_o approbation_n but_o i_o like_v neither_o for_o the_o prohibition_n to_o shed_v blood_n be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n than_o that_o in_o the_o moral_a law_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v which_o do_v neither_o prohibit_v a_o magistrate_n from_o put_v to_o death_n a_o obstinate_a malefactor_n nor_o do_v it_o forbid_v a_o lawful_a war_n neither_o do_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o so_o much_o enjoin_v any_o new_a thing_n as_o revive_v and_o proclaim_v that_o old_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o through_o evil_a custom_n have_v be_v almost_o deface_v where_o by_o kill_v and_o shed_v of_o blood_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n as_o imply_v some_o vice_n as_o by_o the_o word_n homicide_n or_o murder_n we_o understand_v not_o every_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n but_o the_o wilful_a destroy_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v concern_v the_o shed_n of_o blood_n for_o blood_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o conceive_v not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o bare_a fact_n as_o of_o the_o right_a to_o do_v it_o which_o i_o thus_o explain_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v suffer_v as_o much_o evil_n from_o other_o as_o he_o have_v do_v unto_o other_o be_v not_o natural_o unjust_a according_a to_o that_o old_a rhadamanthaean_a law_n to_o suffer_v as_o we_o do_v be_v just_a and_o right_o that_o phalaris_n shall_v be_v torment_v in_o his_o own_o bull_n that_o he_o that_o intend_a mischief_n to_o another_o shall_v suffer_v the_o same_o mischief_n from_o another_o be_v justissima_fw-la patiendi_fw-la norma_fw-la as_o seneca_n speak_v the_o most_o equal_a rule_n of_o sufferance_n that_o can_v be_v ordain_v out_o of_o a_o deep_a sense_n of_o this_o natural_a equity_n it_o be_v that_o cain_n his_o hand_n yet_o reek_v in_o his_o brother_n blood_n past_o this_o sentence_n upon_o himself_o and_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o whosoever_o find_v i_o shall_v kill_v i_o 4.14_o gen._n 4.14_o but_o god_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o world_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o man_n or_o because_o this_o sin_n be_v rare_o practise_v and_o so_o the_o less_o need_n of_o exemplary_a punishment_n to_o deter_v they_o do_v by_o a_o edict_n repress_v that_o which_o seem_v natural_o to_o have_v be_v lawful_a and_o adjudge_v the_o homicide_n to_o wander_v as_o a_o vagabond_n forbid_v all_o man_n to_o have_v any_o commerce_n or_o to_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o he_o yet_o will_v he_o not_o have_v his_o life_n take_v from_o he_o thus_o also_o do_v plato_n ordain_v among_o his_o law_n and_o that_o this_o punishment_n be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n euripides_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n how_o wise_o do_v our_o ancestor_n decree_v that_o he_o that_o guilty_a be_v of_o blood_n shall_v flee_v far_o from_o commerce_n or_o sight_n of_o man_n that_o he_o punish_v by_o flight_n rather_o than_o death_n may_v be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o thucydides_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o ancient_o small_a punishment_n be_v award_v to_o great_a crime_n but_o at_o length_n those_o be_v slight_v they_o proceed_v to_o death_n servius_n upon_o the_o first_o book_n of_o virgil_n descant_v upon_o these_o two_o word_n solvetis_fw-la luetis_fw-la say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n antiquorum_fw-la enim_fw-la poenae_fw-la omnes_fw-la pecuniariae_fw-la fuêre_fw-la for_o among_o the_o ancient_n all_o punishment_n be_v pecuniary_a the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o lactantius_n hitherto_o it_o be_v account_v impious_a to_o put_v man_n to_o death_n though_o never_o so_o wicked_a ground_v their_o conjecture_n upon_o that_o one_o notable_a example_n of_o cain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o homicide_n shall_v be_v so_o punish_v whereupon_o it_o grow_v at_o length_n into_o a_o law_n so_o that_o lamech_v not_o long_o after_o have_v commit_v the_o like_a sin_n or_o rather_o if_o he_o do_v commit_v the_o like_a for_o moses_n his_o word_n will_v bear_v this_o sense_n yet_o by_o this_o one_o example_n promise_v to_o himself_o the_o same_o impunity_n gen._n 4.24_o nevertheless_o though_o before_o the_o flood_n in_o the_o age_n of_o the_o giant_n through_o the_o remissness_n of_o punishment_n man_n grow_v savage_a and_o outrageous_a kill_v each_o other_o like_o beast_n yet_o when_o after_o the_o flood_n the_o earth_n
his_o time_n and_o those_o say_n that_o be_v there_o rehearse_v as_o speak_v to_o they_o of_o old_a be_v mean_v as_o speak_v by_o moses_n himself_o not_o by_o the_o lawyer_n either_o in_o the_o same_o word_n 27.19_o exod._n 20.13_o lâ—vit_fw-la 20.21_o exod._n 20.14_o deut._n 24.1_o exod._n 20._o â—_o leu._n 24.20.19.18_o exod._n 34.2_o deut._n 7.1_o exod._n 27.19_o or_o to_o that_o sense_n as_o thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v whosoever_o kill_v shall_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o judgement_n thou_o shall_v not_o commit_v adultery_n whosoever_o shall_v put_v away_o his_o wife_n let_v he_o give_v she_o a_o write_n of_o divorcement_n thou_o shall_v not_o forswear_v thyself_o thou_o shall_v perform_v unto_o the_o lord_n thy_o oath_n a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n that_o be_v thou_o may_v exact_v this_o in_o judgement_n so_o thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n that_o be_v a_o israelite_n and_o hate_v thy_o enemy_n that_o be_v those_o seven_o nation_n with_o who_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o contract_v friendship_n or_o to_o who_o they_o ought_v to_o show_v no_o mercy_n unto_o who_o we_o may_v add_v the_o amalekite_n with_o who_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o have_v a_o perpetual_a war_n deut._n 25.19_o now_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o christ_n we_o must_v necessary_o understand_v that_o the_o law_n give_v by_o moses_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o twofold_a construction_n either_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n carnal_a a_o twofold_a sense_n of_o moses_n his_o law_n carnal_a as_o be_v common_a with_o all_o humane_a law_n namely_o as_o it_o restrain_v man_n from_o gross_a sin_n by_o the_o fear_n of_o public_a punishment_n heb._n 2.2_o and_o so_o it_o be_v give_v by_o moses_n to_o restrain_v the_o hebrew_n in_o the_o state_n of_o a_o civil_a government_n heb._n 7.16_o where_o it_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o a_o carnal_a commandment_n as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o another_o place_n call_v the_o law_n of_o work_n rom._n 3.27_o 3.27_o rom._n 3.27_o or_o it_o be_v take_v in_o a_o sense_n more_o proper_a to_o a_o divine_a law_n namely_o as_o it_o require_v also_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o such_o duty_n the_o omission_n whereof_o no_o humane_a law_n do_v punish_v in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v call_v a_o spiritual_a law_n rom._n 7.14_o spiritual_a spiritual_a comfort_v the_o soul_n psal_n 19.9_o which_o the_o latin_n make_v the_o 18_o the_o pharisee_n and_o lawyer_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o carnal_a part_n of_o the_o law_n whole_o neglect_v the_o spiritual_a as_o superfluous_a and_o therefore_o never_o instruct_v the_o people_n therein_o as_o not_o our_o own_o writer_n only_o but_o josephus_n and_o many_o of_o their_o own_o doctor_n do_v testify_v against_o they_o but_o as_o to_o the_o spiritual_a part_n also_o we_o must_v know_v that_o those_o virtue_n which_o be_v require_v from_o we_o christian_n be_v either_o command_v or_o commend_v unto_o the_o hebrew_n also_o although_o not_o in_o that_o degree_n and_o latitude_n as_o they_o be_v unto_o we_o which_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v for_o a_o more_o perfect_a and_o exact_a obedience_n be_v now_o require_v from_o we_o ult_n supra_fw-la ch_n â—_o §._o ult_n than_o be_v former_o from_o the_o jew_n because_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n do_v heighten_v our_o hope_n by_o far_o more_o precious_a promise_n and_o the_o grace_n of_o his_o spirit_n which_o descend_v unto_o they_o but_o as_o a_o little_a dew_n upon_o the_o herb_n fall_v on_o we_o as_o shower_n on_o the_o grass_n 44._o chrysost_n de_fw-fr virg_n c._n 44._o under_o the_o law_n god_n do_v not_o bind_v we_o up_o to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o virtue_n as_o hâ—â—ow_o do_v under_o the_o gospel_n than_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o take_v some_o revenge_n for_o injury_n do_v as_o to_o revile_v they_o that_o revile_v we_o we_o may_v exact_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n it_o be_v then_o permit_v unto_o we_o to_o swear_v though_o not_o to_o for_o swear_v and_o to_o hate_v our_o enemy_n it_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o forbid_v to_o be_v angry_a to_o put_v away_o a_o wife_n that_o offend_v we_o or_o to_o marry_v another_o nay_o nor_o to_o have_v diverse_a at_o the_o same_o time_n great_a be_v the_o indulgence_n of_o the_o old_a law_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n but_o since_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n the_o way_n to_o heaven_n be_v make_v much_o strait_o and_o narrow_a than_o before_o both_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o many_o new_a precept_n not_o give_v in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o also_o by_o strain_v up_o those_o that_o be_v so_o give_v to_o a_o much_o high_a key_n christ_n therefore_o oppose_v his_o own_o doctrine_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o both_o these_o sense_n first_o because_o his_o own_o take_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o outward_a man_n only_o to_o restrain_v it_o by_o pure_a negative_n as_o other_o law_n do_v but_o restrain_v the_o inward_a man_n also_o oblige_v to_o positive_a duty_n who_o omission_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o moses_n his_o law_n but_o also_o in_o the_o second_o place_n because_o it_o enjoin_v spiritual_a duty_n in_o that_o height_n of_o degree_n that_o neither_o moses_n nor_o any_o other_o lawgiver_n do_v ever_o reach_v whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o what_o christ_n deliver_v be_v not_o a_o bare_a interpretation_n of_o moses_n his_o law_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o yet_o that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v know_v be_v not_o only_o pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n but_o to_o many_o other_o purpose_n lest_o we_o shall_v attribute_v great_a authority_n to_o moses_n his_o law_n than_o indeed_o be_v fit_a or_o due_a unto_o it_o vii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o gospel_n to_o make_v war._n omit_v such_o argument_n as_o be_v less_o convince_a the_o first_o and_o principal_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v that_o all_o right_n of_o make_v war_n be_v not_o full_o take_v away_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n be_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n to_o timothy_n i_o exhort_v you_o say_v st._n paul_n that_o above_o all_o thing_n prayer_n and_o supplication_n intercession_n and_o give_v of_o thanks_o be_v make_v for_o all_o man_n for_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o authority_n 3._o 1_o tim._n 2.1_o 2_o 3._o that_o we_o may_v lead_v a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a life_n in_o all_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n for_o this_o be_v good_a and_o acceptable_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n our_o saviour_n who_o will_v have_v all_o man_n to_o be_v save_v and_o to_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n from_o whence_o these_o three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v learn_v first_o that_o it_o be_v acceptable_a unto_o god_n that_o king_n be_v make_v christian_n arg._n 1_o second_o that_o be_v make_v so_o yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v king_n which_o justin_n martyr_n thus_o express_v we_o pray_v say_v he_o that_o king_n and_o prince_n may_v together_o with_o their_o regal_a power_n retain_v a_o sound_n and_o perfect_a mind_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o christian_a king_n shall_v use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n that_o other_o christian_n may_v lead_v under_o they_o godly_a and_o christian_a life_n but_o you_o will_v happy_o say_v how_o sure_o the_o same_o apostle_n explain_v himself_o elsewhere_o thus_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n for_o thy_o good_a and_o if_o thou_o do_v ill_o than_o fear_n sword_n the_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n non_fw-la enim_fw-la frustra_fw-la gladium_fw-la gerit_fw-la for_o he_o bear_v not_o the_o sword_n in_o vain_a for_o he_o be_v god_n minister_n a_o avenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o they_o that_o do_v evil_a under_o the_o right_n of_o the_o sword_n be_v comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o restrain_v or_o coercive_a authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o sometime_o understand_v by_o lawyer_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a part_n that_o be_v the_o true_a and_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n be_v not_o exclude_v 2._o psalm_n 2._o the_o second_o psalm_n do_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o power_n which_o psalm_n though_o verify_v of_o david_n yet_o be_v much_o full_a and_o clear_a understand_v of_o christ_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v out_o of_o act_n 4.25_o and_o act_v 13.33_o and_o out_o of_o heb._n 5.5_o now_o that_o psalm_n exhort_v all_o king_n to_o kiss_v the_o son_n of_o god_n with_o reverence_n king_n how_o king_n serve_v god_n as_o king_n that_o be_v to_o express_v themselves_o his_o servant_n as_o they_o be_v king_n for_o so_o st._n aug._n right_o expound_v that_o place_n who_o very_a word_n as_o be_v pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n sound_v thus_o herein_o say_v he_o do_v
have_v intend_v to_o have_v introduce_v a_o new_a and_o never_o before_o hear_v of_o form_n of_o government_n without_o doubt_n he_o will_v have_v declare_v it_o in_o such_o distinct_a term_n and_o in_o such_o a_o plain_a dress_n of_o word_n as_o shall_v have_v be_v liable_a to_o no_o misprision_n as_o let_v no_o man_n hereafter_o adjudge_v malefactor_n to_o death_n let_v no_o man_n take_v arm_n to_o defend_v himself_o or_o the_o like_a which_o we_o no_o where_n read_v that_o ever_o he_o do_v but_o whatsoever_o word_n be_v wrest_v from_o the_o scripture_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v either_o very_a general_n or_o very_o obscure_a but_o equity_n itself_o and_o common_a reason_n will_v instruct_v we_o thus_o much_o that_o in_o publish_v new_a law_n we_o be_v to_o restrain_v word_n too_o general_a and_o to_o explain_v term_n too_o ambiguous_a and_o rather_o to_o decline_v a_o little_a from_o the_o common_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n than_o to_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o sense_n of_o they_o as_o may_v introduce_v so_o many_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n with_o it_o the_o five_o argument_n be_v this_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conclude_v by_o any_o probable_a argument_n arg._n 5_o that_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o moses_n be_v ever_o abolish_v till_o their_o city_n jerusalem_n be_v burn_v and_o with_o it_o not_o the_o form_n only_o but_o the_o very_a hope_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v utter_o vanish_v for_o neither_o do_v moses_n prefix_v any_o term_n or_o period_n to_o this_o law_n nor_o do_v christ_n or_o his_o apostle_n any_o where_o declare_v the_o surcease_n of_o it_o unless_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n yea_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a st._n paul_n say_v that_o the_o high_a priest_n be_v constitute_v that_o he_o may_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n act_n 24.3_o and_o christ_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o pecept_n mat._n 5._o say_v 5.17_o mat._n 5.17_o that_o he_o come_v to_o fulfil_v the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o destroy_v it_o which_o word_n if_o we_o refer_v to_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v not_o difficult_a to_o be_v understand_v for_o when_o the_o picture_n be_v finish_v what_o need_v we_o the_o foul_a draught_n the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v fulfil_v in_o he_o it_o consist_v in_o type_n and_o shadow_n whereof_o the_o substance_n be_v christ_n but_o how_o can_v christ_n be_v say_v to_o fulfil_v the_o judicial_a law_n if_o as_o some_o hold_v he_o take_v it_o away_o and_o if_o the_o jew_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o judicial_a law_n till_o the_o dissolution_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o jew_n though_o christianize_v in_o case_n they_o have_v be_v call_v to_o be_v magistrate_n can_v neither_o have_v avoid_v it_o nor_o have_v judge_v otherwise_o than_o as_o moses_n have_v prescribe_v ay_o true_o have_v thorough_o weigh_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v can_v find_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o why_o any_o pious_a man_n shall_v expound_v those_o word_n of_o christ_n in_o any_o other_o sense_n this_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o many_o thing_n be_v tolerate_v among_o the_o jew_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n whether_o as_o to_o outward_a impunity_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o inward_a purity_n also_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o determine_v which_o christ_n will_v not_o permit_v in_o his_o disciple_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n for_o every_o offence_n and_o for_o a_o man_n injure_v to_o require_v revenge_n by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n but_o yet_o between_o christ_n precept_n and_o moses_n his_o permission_n there_o may_v be_v some_o difference_n but_o no_o repugnancy_n for_o under_o the_o law_n if_o a_o man_n do_v retain_v his_o wife_n or_o if_o he_o do_v remit_v revenge_n private_o due_a he_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o break_v the_o law_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o law_n do_v chief_o require_v of_o he_o but_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o a_o judge_n who_o the_o law_n do_v not_o permit_v but_o enjoin_v to_o punish_v a_o murderer_n with_o death_n which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o himself_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a before_o god_n now_o if_o christ_n have_v command_v such_o a_o judge_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o adjudge_v any_o malefactor_n to_o death_n this_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n he_o have_v dissolve_v and_o not_o fulfil_v it_o the_o six_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o cornelius_n the_o centurion_n who_o receive_v the_o holy_a ghost_n arg._n 6_o an_o undeniable_a sign_n of_o justification_n from_o christ_n himself_o cornelius_n from_o the_o example_n of_o cornelius_n and_o be_v baptize_v into_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n by_o st._n peter_n yet_o do_v we_o no_o where_n read_v that_o he_o lay_v down_o his_o commission_n or_o that_o he_o be_v admonish_v by_o st._n peter_n so_o to_o do_v but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o be_v instruct_v by_o st._n peter_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o do_v resolve_v to_o desert_v his_o call_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v any_o where_o find_v among_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n or_o infallible_o prove_v that_o christ_n do_v forbid_v to_o make_v war_n than_o what_o they_o say_v be_v to_o the_o purpose_n but_o see_v no_o such_o precept_n be_v extant_a certain_o it_o be_v much_o more_o probable_a that_o in_o this_o case_n of_o cornelius_n somewhat_o will_v have_v be_v say_v against_o it_o if_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v unlawful_a that_o so_o in_o after_o age_n man_n of_o that_o profession_n may_v not_o have_v plead_v ignorance_n of_o the_o danger_n incident_a to_o that_o function_n neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o in_o case_n the_o centurion_n have_v then_o renounce_v his_o military_a profession_n st._n luke_n will_v have_v omit_v the_o record_v of_o it_o as_o usual_o he_o do_v in_o like_a case_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o several_a place_n but_o especial_o act_n 19.19_o arg._n 7_o the_o seven_o argument_n we_o deduce_v from_o sergius_n paulus_n of_o who_o after_o his_o conversion_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least-mention_n make_v of_o his_o renounce_v his_o propraetorship_n paulus_n and_o of_o sergius_n paulus_n or_o of_o any_o admonition_n give_v he_o by_o st._n paul_n to_o do_v it_o that_o which_o be_v not_o record_v be_v most_o expedient_a to_o have_v be_v so_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o to_o have_v be_v do_v at_o all_o arg._n 8_o the_o eight_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o st._n paul_n who_o understand_v that_o the_o jew_n have_v lay_v wait_v to_o kill_v he_o paâ—â—_n and_o of_o st._n paâ—â—_n acquaint_v the_o chief_a captain_n therewith_o who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a guard_n of_o soldier_n to_o secure_v his_o person_n which_o st._n paul_n do_v not_o refuse_v nor_o do_v he_o admonish_v either_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o the_o soldier_n that_o it_o be_v not_o acceptable_a to_o god_n to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n which_o he_o have_v be_v apt_a enough_o to_o have_v do_v have_v he_o believe_v it_o to_o have_v be_v unlawful_a arg._n 9_o the_o nine_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o st._n paul_n precept_n for_o pay_v tribute_n for_o conscience_n sake_n 13.6_o from_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v rom._n 13.6_o for_o of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v honest_a and_o just_a its_o proper_a end_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o now_o the_o properend_a of_o pay_v of_o tribute_n be_v to_o maintain_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n whereby_o the_o innocent_a be_v protect_v and_o the_o nocent_a correct_v or_o cut_v off_o but_o that_o we_o render_v unto_o prince_n their_o tribute_n due_a be_v a_o precept_n of_o the_o new_a law_n and_o bind_v the_o conscience_n as_o st._n paul_n testify_v to_o the_o roman_n therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n be_v honest_a and_o just_a very_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n 74._o hist_o l._n 4._o lib._n 22._o contra_fw-la faustum_n c._n 74._o be_v that_o of_o tacitus_n there_o can_v be_v no_o peace_n among_o nation_n without_o arm_n no_o arm_n without_o pay_n nor_o pay_v without_o tax_n so_o st._n aug._n for_o this_o cause_n pay_v we_o tribute_n that_o soldier_n may_v have_v their_o wage_n to_o buy_v necessary_n arg._n 10_o the_o ten_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o st._n paul_n speech_n act_v 25._o 25._o act_n 25._o if_o i_o have_v wrong_v any_o man_n or_o if_o i_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o death_n i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v so_o act._n 28.18_o 28.18_o act._n 28.18_o they_o find_v no_o cause_n of_o death_n in_o i_o 28.18_o act._n 28.18_o say_v st._n paul_n whereupon_o justine_n martyr_n thus_o gloss_v if_o there_o be_v any_o
or_o break_v the_o second_o be_v the_o choice_n of_o fit_a person_n for_o magistrate_n and_o the_o three_o be_v a_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n make_v the_o civil_a power_n to_o consist_v in_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o the_o creation_n of_o magistrate_n 2._o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o 3._o the_o power_n of_o conclude_v either_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o elsewhere_o he_o add_v this_o four_o namely_o a_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o difference_n by_o pass_v definitive_a sentence_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v the_o care_n of_o settle_v religion_n and_o the_o power_n of_o call_v assembly_n but_o he_o that_o will_v right_o divide_v this_o power_n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v either_o defective_a or_o redundant_fw-la may_v do_v it_o thus_o he_o that_o rule_v in_o any_o commonwealth_n do_v it_o partly_o by_o himself_o and_o partly_o by_o other_o what_o he_o do_v by_o himself_o concern_v either_o universals_z or_o particular_n what_o concern_v universals_z be_v the_o make_n of_o law_n or_o the_o abrogate_a of_o they_o and_o these_o be_v either_o sacred_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o concern_v the_o civil_a state_n or_o profane_a this_o aristotle_n call_v the_o art_n of_o build_v up_o a_o city_n those_o singular_n about_o which_o this_o power_n be_v conversant_a be_v either_o thing_n direct_o public_a or_o private_a yet_o such_o as_o be_v in_o order_n to_o public_a those_o that_o be_v direct_o public_a be_v either_o action_n as_o peace_n war_n league_n or_o thing_n as_o tax_n custom_n tribute_n and_o such_o like_a wherein_o also_o be_v comprehend_v that_o eminent_a dominion_n that_o every_o commonwealth_n have_v over_o the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o its_o own_o subject_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o public_a safety_n and_o this_o art_n aristotle_n term_n by_o its_o general_a name_n political_n that_o be_v civil_a or_o the_o art_n of_o counsel_v and_o well_o advise_v or_o as_o i_o say_v they_o be_v thing_n private_a namely_o thing_n controvert_v between_o singular_a person_n the_o determination_n whereof_o do_v much_o conduce_v to_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n and_o this_o art_n aristotle_n term_v judicial_a but_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o dispatch_v by_o another_o he_o do_v either_o by_o magistrate_n or_o by_o procurator_n among_o who_o we_o be_v to_o place_v ambassador_n and_o envoye_n and_o in_o these_o thing_n do_v principal_o consist_v the_o civil_a power_n vii_o power_n supreme_a what_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o supreme_a power_n who_o act_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o nor_o can_v by_o any_o humane_a authority_n be_v make_v void_a when_o i_o say_v by_o another_o i_o exclude_v he_o who_o have_v this_o supreme_a power_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o change_v his_o own_o will_n so_o also_o i_o exclude_v his_o successor_n who_o have_v the_o same_o right_n and_o so_o the_o same_o power_n and_o no_o other_o this_o therefore_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o supreme_a power_n be_v in_o who_o it_o be_v now_o let_v we_o see_v in_o who_o it_o rest_v the_o subject_a wherein_o this_o sovereign_a power_n remain_v be_v either_o common_a or_o proper_a as_o the_o common_a subject_n wherein_o sight_n rest_v be_v the_o body_n the_o proper_a subject_n be_v the_o eye_n so_o of_o this_o supreme_a power_n the_o common_a subject_n be_v the_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v a_o perfect_a company_n or_o society_n of_o man_n hence_o than_o we_o exclude_v those_o who_o have_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o people_n as_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v no_o long_o call_v kingdom_n but_o roman_a province_n for_o such_o a_o people_n can_v be_v call_v a_o city_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o we_o now_o take_v the_o word_n but_o the_o unworthy_a member_n of_o that_o city_n that_o conquer_v they_o as_o servant_n be_v the_o mean_a member_n of_o a_o family_n again_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o of_o divers_a people_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o head_n and_o yet_o every_o one_o of_o these_o people_n do_v constitute_v one_o perfect_a society_n for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o moral_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o natural_a body_n where_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o one_o head_n shall_v govern_v two_o body_n for_o in_o the_o moral_a one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n diverse_o consider_v may_v be_v the_o head_n of_o divers_a and_o distinct_a body_n whereof_o this_o be_v a_o most_o infallible_a sign_n for_o whensoever_o the_o regal_a family_n of_o he_o in_o who_o the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o divers_a nation_n be_v unite_v shall_v be_v extinct_a the_o power_n itself_o separate_v and_o each_o revert_v to_o its_o own_o people_n so_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o many_o city_n may_v be_v link_v in_o so_o strait_a a_o confederacy_n that_o as_o strabo_n speak_v they_o may_v constitute_v but_o one_o well_o govern_v body_n and_o yet_o do_v each_o of_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o state_n of_o a_o perfect_a city_n as_o be_v well_o observe_v both_o by_o other_o and_o also_o by_o aristotle_n in_o divers_a place_n so_o than_o the_o common_a subject_n wherein_o this_o power_n reside_v be_v a_o city_n so_o understand_v as_o i_o have_v already_o express_v but_o the_o proper_a subject_n of_o this_o power_n be_v either_o one_o person_n or_o many_o according_a to_o the_o several_a law_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o every_o nation_n viii_o not_o in_o the_o people_n and_o here_o first_o we_o must_v disclaim_v their_o opinion_n who_o affirm_v the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v every_o where_n and_o without_o any_o exception_n in_o the_o people_n and_o that_o so_o full_o that_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n either_o to_o enforce_v or_o to_o punish_v their_o king_n if_o he_o govern_v amiss_o what_o great_a mischief_n this_o opinion_n be_v once_o fix_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o rabble_n already_o have_v and_o hereafter_o may_v introduce_v there_o be_v no_o wise_a man_n but_o may_v easy_o discover_v prove_v this_o prove_v for_o confutation_n of_o which_o opinion_n we_o offer_v these_o argument_n to_o the_o more_o ingenious_a reader_n by_o all_o the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n it_o will_v appear_v 7._o exod._n 21.6_o gell._n l._n 21._o c._n 7._o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n that_o have_v power_n over_o himself_o to_o bind_v himself_o as_o a_o servant_n or_o a_o apprentice_n to_o who_o he_o please_v and_o why_o then_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o any_o people_n natural_o free_a to_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o any_o one_o person_n or_o society_n to_o be_v govern_v whole_o by_o they_o without_o retain_v any_o part_n of_o their_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v to_o say_v this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v presume_v for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o what_o in_o a_o doubtful_a case_n be_v to_o be_v presume_v but_o what_o by_o right_o may_v be_v do_v and_o it_o be_v as_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a to_o urge_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o hence_o inconvenience_n no_o form_n of_o government_n without_o some_o inconvenience_n for_o there_o be_v no_o form_n of_o government_n whatsoever_o be_v it_o never_o so_o well_o fancy_v and_o frame_v in_o the_o brain_n but_o upon_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o will_v produce_v some_o inconvenience_n and_o some_o danger_n with_o it_o so_o that_o we_o must_v do_v what_o we_o can_v resolve_v to_o take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o comedian_n aut_fw-la haec_fw-la cum_fw-la illis_fw-la sunt_fw-la habenda_fw-la aut_fw-la illa_fw-la cum_fw-la his_fw-la mittenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la either_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o inconvenience_n with_o the_o convenience_n or_o to_o renounce_v both_o and_o so_o live_v like_o beast_n without_o government_n which_o be_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n of_o all_o as_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n of_o trade_n or_o calling_n for_o man_n to_o live_v by_o some_o better_a some_o worse_a and_o every_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o choose_v which_o he_o please_v so_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o government_n it_o be_v in_o the_o people_n choice_n which_o of_o they_o they_o will_v be_v govern_v by_o neither_o be_v the_o right_a to_o govern_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o form_n whereof_o divers_a man_n judge_v diverse_o but_o by_o the_o freedom_n of_o their_o own_o will_n what_o cato_n sometime_o say_v of_o law_n may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o government_n there_o be_v none_o so_o perfect_a but_o have_v some_o defect_n but_o what_o the_o same_o cato_n observe_v be_v very_o true_a it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o commend_v any_o government_n that_o it_o produce_v good_a effect_n in_o the_o general_n and_o profit_v the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n now_o as_o
but_o neither_o shall_v this_o move_v we_o for_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n concern_v either_o the_o common_a good_a of_o both_o party_n confederate_a or_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o that_o league_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o common_a concernment_n 11.22_o dan._n 11.22_o the_o assembly_n not_o sit_v he_o that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n though_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a league_n do_v usual_o command_v his_o associate_n as_o agamemnon_n in_o the_o trojan_a expedition_n do_v the_o grecian_a prince_n and_o as_o afterward_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v the_o grecian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o athenian_n thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o corinthian_n say_v it_o very_o well_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n in_o private_a matter_n to_o deal_v equal_o but_o in_o public_a to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o solicitous_a isocrates_n commend_v that_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a athenian_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o social_a war_n say_v that_o they_o take_v care_n for_o all_o without_o entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o allow_v they_o to_o command_v but_o not_o to_o domineer_v it_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o what_o the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o word_n imperare_fw-la to_o command_v the_o greek_n more_o modest_o express_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dispose_v or_o set_v in_o order_n the_o athenian_n to_o who_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v commit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v thucydides_n do_v order_v which_o city_n shall_v contribute_v money_n and_o which_o ship_n and_o they_o that_o be_v send_v from_o rome_n into_o greece_n 24._o plinii_n ep_v lib._n 8._o c._n 24._o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o free_a city_n now_o if_o he_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a party_n in_o a_o equal_a league_n do_v thus_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o that_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n be_v superior_a in_o honour_n and_o dignity_n do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o word_n imperium_fw-la that_o be_v empire_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o signify_v only_o a_o ordinance_n and_o appointment_n equal_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a do_v not_o at_o all_o imply_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o liberty_n 37._o livy_n l._n 37._o the_o rhodian_o in_o their_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o the_o grecians_n be_v wont_a to_o defend_v their_o empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n but_o their_o empire_n where_o now_o it_o be_v they_o wish_v that_o it_o may_v remain_v for_o ever_o they_o be_v now_o well_o content_v to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o your_o arm_n 15._o lib._n 15._o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o do_v it_o with_o their_o own_o so_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o take_n of_o the_o cadmean_a fort_n by_o the_o theban_n many_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n meet_v and_o agree_v among_o themselves_o that_o every_o city_n in_o greece_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o freedom_n yet_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o athenian_n and_o yet_o dion_n prusaeensis_n speak_v of_o those_o very_a athenian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v that_o have_v at_o that_o time_n lose_v their_o command_n in_o the_o war_n they_o retain_v only_o their_o own_o liberty_n so_o those_o people_n which_o caesar_n reckon_v to_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o suevian_o he_o by_o and_o by_o call_v his_o confederate_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o appertain_v to_o his_o own_o particular_a profit_n the_o request_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v usual_o take_v for_o command_n not_o that_o they_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o that_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o usual_a effect_n equivalent_a to_o command_n for_o he_o need_v no_o force_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v fear_v armatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la regum_fw-la praeces_fw-la the_o request_n of_o king_n have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o command_n and_o a_o denial_n how_o just_a soever_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o as_o ill_o digest_v as_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o say_v livy_n before_o caius_n posthumius_fw-la that_o any_o consul_n be_v either_o chargeable_a or_o burdensome_a to_o our_o associate_n in_o any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v our_o magistrate_n supply_v abundant_o with_o mule_n pavilion_n and_o all_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o require_v they_o from_o our_o associate_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o sometime_o so_o fall_v out_o subjection_n the_o weak_a associate_n sometime_o reduce_v unto_o subjection_n that_o if_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n he_o may_v by_o degree_n at_o length_n usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o especial_o if_o the_o league_n be_v perpetual_a and_o that_o he_o have_v thereby_o a_o right_a to_o place_v garrison_n in_o any_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n as_o the_o athenian_n sometime_o do_v when_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v appeal_v unto_o from_o their_o associate_n 34._o hal._n l._n 6._o livy_n l._n 34._o which_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v never_o do_v wherefore_o isocrates_n equal_v the_o government_n that_o the_o athenian_n exercise_v in_o those_o day_n over_o their_o associate_n with_o that_o of_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n so_o the_o latin_n in_o livy_n complain_v against_o the_o roman_n that_o under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o be_v associate_n in_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mere_a subjection_n which_o society_n in_o arm_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v a_o gentle_a slavery_n 4._o hist_o 4._o so_o festus_n rufus_n in_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o rhodian_o at_o first_o they_o live_v in_o great_a freedom_n till_o afterward_o the_o roman_n gentle_o urge_v they_o they_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o a_o habit_n of_o subjection_n so_o the_o aetolian_n likewise_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o bare_a shadow_n and_o empty_a name_n of_o liberty_n so_o likewise_o afterward_o the_o achaian_n complain_n that_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o league_n in_o appearance_n but_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v into_o a_o precarious_a servitude_n the_o like_a complaint_n civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la in_o tacitus_n make_v against_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o use_v they_o not_o as_o former_o like_o companion_n but_o usurp_v and_o insult_v over_o they_o as_o mere_a slave_n and_o in_o another_o place_n they_o false_o call_v that_o peace_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o miserable_a slavery_n thus_o eumenes_n also_o in_o livy_n concern_v the_o confederate_n of_o the_o rhodian_o that_o they_o be_v their_o associate_n in_o name_n but_o their_o vassal_n indeed_o thus_o also_o magnetes_n in_o polybius_n say_v that_o demetrias_n be_v in_o show_n free_a but_o in_o effect_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o thessalian_n likewise_o be_v in_o appearance_n free_a but_o indeed_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o macedonian_n as_o the_o same_o polybius_n testify_v now_o when_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o so_o do_v as_o by_o patient_a endurance_n they_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_o do_v whereof_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o discourse_v more_o full_o then_o either_o of_o companion_n they_o be_v make_v subject_n or_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v a_o partition_n of_o the_o supremacy_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o may_v sometime_o happen_v xxii_o of_o such_o as_o pay_v tribute_n they_o that_o pay_v any_o thing_n either_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o wrong_n past_a or_o to_o be_v protect_v against_o injury_n to_o come_v be_v by_o thucydides_n call_v tributary_n associate_n such_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n after_o the_o time_n of_o m._n anthony_n free_a though_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o that_o reign_v so_o have_v supreme_a power_n within_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o have_v a_o full_a right_a to_o punish_v delinquent_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o m._n anthony_n defend_v king_n herod_n be_v accuse_v for_o murder_a aristobulus_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a to_o call_v a_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o what_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n for_o if_o so_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n for_o common_a equity_n require_v that_o they_o that_o give_v he_o that_o honour_n shall_v permit_v he_o the_o free_a use_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v appendent_a unto_o it_o so_o
in_o history_n many_o example_n â—_o example_n meierum_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1339._o de_fw-la flandr_n &_o brab_n &_o â—_o xv._o a_o usurper_n how_o far_o to_o be_v obey_v the_o act_n of_o a_o usurper_n bind_v and_o why_o we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o he_o who_o have_v or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v now_o something_o we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o government_n not_o after_o he_o have_v either_o by_o long_a possession_n or_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n obtain_v a_o right_n unto_o it_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o unjust_a acquisition_n continue_v and_o certain_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o possess_v the_o empire_n his_o act_n may_v have_v power_n to_o bind_v but_o yet_o not_o as_o they_o be_v his_o for_o right_o to_o command_v he_o have_v none_o but_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o he_o who_o of_o right_o shall_v govern_v whether_o king_n people_n or_o senate_n have_v rather_o that_o his_o law_n for_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v bind_v than_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v live_v altogether_o without_o law_n and_o without_o judgement_n which_o must_v necessary_o introduce_v the_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n cicero_n condemn_v sylla_n law_n as_o too_o cruel_a against_o the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v in_o make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o sue_v for_o honour_n yet_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o those_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v affirm_v as_o quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o those_o law_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v florus_n also_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o the_o same_o sylla_n say_v thus_o lepidus_n go_v about_o to_o rescind_v the_o act_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o man_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n if_o at_o least_o he_o can_v have_v do_v it_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o wound_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o law_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o fret_v and_o scarrifie_v her_o wound_n by_o attempt_v a_o untimely_a cure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o obedience_n be_v not_o so_o exquisite_o necessary_a and_o yet_o may_v help_v to_o confirm_v the_o usurper_n in_o his_o unjust_a possession_n if_o by_o our_o disobedience_n we_o incur_v no_o great_a danger_n we_o must_v not_o obey_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o deject_v he_o that_o shall_v thus_o usurp_v the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o to_o kill_v he_o be_v disputable_a xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v during_o the_o war_n if_o no_o contract_n be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n have_v not_o gain_v it_o by_o a_o just_a war_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o war_n as_o have_v all_o the_o right_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o he_o or_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o hold_v his_o possession_n by_o force_n only_o the_o right_n of_o war_n seem_v in_o this_o case_n to_o continue_v continue_v by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o war_n continue_v and_o therefore_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o he_o who_o any_o private_a man_n that_o have_v not_o give_v his_o faith_n to_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o private_a man_n say_v tertullian_n be_v a_o soldier_n so_o against_o such_o as_o desert_v their_o colour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n apolog._n tertul._n apolog._n it_o be_v indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n to_o take_v public_a revenge_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n xvii_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o antecedent_n law_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v if_o before_o such_o a_o invasion_n there_o be_v extant_a any_o such_o law_n authorise_v any_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o dare_v in_o his_o presence_n commit_v such_o or_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o for_o example_n if_o be_v but_o a_o private_a man_n he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o guard_n about_o he_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v a_o fort_n or_o kill_v a_o citizen_n uncondemned_a or_o illegal_o condemn_v or_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o just_a suffrage_n many_o such_o law_n we_o may_v read_v of_o to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n with_o who_o it_o be_v also_o think_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o tyrant_n such_o be_v that_o law_n of_o solon_n in_o athens_n renew_v after_o his_o return_n from_o piraeeus_n against_o such_o as_o have_v abolish_v popular_a government_n or_o that_o after_o such_o abolition_n have_v bear_v any_o office_n the_o like_a law_n there_o be_v also_o in_o rome_n call_v the_o valerian_n law_n against_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n uncondemned_a public_a plut._n public_a as_o plutarch_n relate_v where_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v solon_n law_n from_o that_o of_o publicola_n solon_n will_v have_v such_o a_o man_n legal_o convict_v but_o publicola_n permit_v any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o any_o formal_a process_n and_o such_o be_v the_o consular_a law_n immediate_o after_o the_o decemviral_n government_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o a_o appeal_n and_o he_o that_o create_v such_o may_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n be_v kill_v xviii_o by_o his_o commission_n who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n no_o less_o lawful_a it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o usurper_n that_o have_v a_o express_a warrant_n so_o to_o do_v from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o just_a right_n of_o government_n belong_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o people_n or_o the_o senate_n among_o who_o likewise_o we_o may_v place_v the_o protector_n or_o guardian_n of_o king_n during_o their_o nonage_n such_o as_o be_v jehojada_n to_o king_n joas_n at_o who_o command_n athalia_fw-la be_v deprive_v at_o once_o both_o of_o her_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 2_o chron._n 23._o xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n now_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n i_o can_v perceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n by_o force_n either_o to_o deject_v or_o to_o destroy_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o true_a right_o have_v rather_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o under_o the_o usurper_n power_n than_o embroil_n his_o country_n in_o blood_n or_o to_o vex_v his_o subject_n with_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v the_o sad_a and_o bloody_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o attend_v the_o murder_n or_o expulsion_n of_o king_n especial_o if_o his_o quarrel_n be_v espouse_v by_o either_o a_o strong_a faction_n at_o home_n or_o powerful_a friend_n abroad_o or_o because_o it_o be_v at_o least_o doubtful_a whether_o that_o king_n people_z or_o senate_n in_o who_o the_o right_a of_o empire_n be_v be_v willing_a that_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o issue_n and_o without_o the_o precise_a knowledge_n of_o this_o all_o violence_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o favonius_n in_o plutarch_n observe_v pejus_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la civil_a dominatu_fw-la illegitimo_fw-la bruti_fw-la vita_fw-la bruti_fw-la a_o intestine_a war_n be_v more_o destructive_a than_o any_o tyranny_n for_o though_o the_o rage_n of_o incense_a tyrant_n may_v produce_v more_o tragical_a effect_n upon_o some_o particular_a family_n ☜_o ☜_o yet_o the_o deluge_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n spread_v far_a continue_v long_a and_o leave_v more_o dreadful_a print_n behind_o it_o than_o any_o tyranny_n give_v i_o any_o peace_n say_v cicero_n rather_o than_o a_o civil_a war._n titus_n quintus_fw-la tell_v the_o lacedaemonian_n 34._o liv._o 34._o that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a for_o they_o to_o bear_v with_o the_o tyranny_n of_o nabis_n than_o by_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n to_o make_v the_o tyrant_n grave_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o city_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o prudent_a advice_n of_o aristophanes_n leo_n in_o civitate_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la alendus_fw-la
enna_n say_v livy_n be_v detain_v either_o by_o fraud_n or_o out_o of_o pure_a necessity_n for_o whatsoever_o here_o do_v in_o the_o small_a degree_n decline_v from_o necessity_n be_v injury_n the_o grecian_n that_o stand_v in_o great_a danger_n for_o want_n of_o ship_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o xenophon_n 5._o de_fw-fr exped_a cyri_n lib._n 5._o seize_v such_o as_o pass_v by_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o good_n be_v preserve_v entire_a for_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o seaman_n well_o feed_v and_o pay_v the_o first_o right_o therefore_o that_o since_o propriety_n be_v introduce_v plead_v for_o exemption_n be_v this_o of_o necessity_n xi_o in_o case_n of_o innocent_a profit_n the_o next_o be_v that_o of_o innocent_a profit_n what_o shall_v hinder_v we_o say_v cicero_n 4._o cicero_n de_fw-fr off_z l._n 1._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 4._o from_o communicate_v with_o other_o when_o we_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o detriment_n to_o ourselves_o especial_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v profitable_a to_o those_o that_o receive_v they_o and_o not_o damagable_a to_o we_o that_o give_v they_o seneca_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o this_o to_o be_v a_o courtesy_n to_o kindle_v a_o coal_n at_o our_o fire_n or_o to_o light_v a_o torch_n or_o a_o candle_n by_o we_o plutarch_n account_v it_o a_o act_n of_o impiety_n to_o cast_v away_o what_o we_o can_v eat_v to_o seal_v up_o a_o fountain_n when_o we_o have_v drink_v ourselves_o full_a to_o remove_v land_n or_o sea-mark_n which_o have_v be_v useful_a unto_o we_o for_o say_v he_o in_o these_o thing_n after_o that_o we_o have_v satisfy_v ourselves_o every_o man_n have_v a_o common_a right_n so_o a_o river_n as_o it_o be_v a_o river_n be_v the_o propriety_n of_o those_o people_n who_o the_o bank_n be_v or_o he_o who_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v dam_n or_o mill_n in_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v breed_v in_o that_o river_n be_v his_o but_o that_o river_n as_o it_o be_v a_o 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as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n xiii_o a_o right_a to_o travel_v by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o thus_o both_o land_n river_n and_o such_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n in_o propriety_n aught_o to_o lie_v open_a and_o free_a to_o all_o such_o as_o have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v over_o they_o upon_o any_o just_a and_o lawful_a cause_n as_o namely_o either_o because_o be_v expel_v their_o own_o they_o seek_v after_o some_o other_o country_n that_o lie_v waste_v or_o because_o they_o desire_v to_o traffic_v with_o some_o people_n remote_a from_o they_o or_o even_o because_o they_o seek_v to_o recover_v what_o be_v their_o own_o by_o a_o just_a war_n the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o here_o as_o above_o because_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v at_o the_o first_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o such_o thing_n shall_v remain_v in_o common_a use_n which_o may_v be_v profitable_a to_o some_o and_o not_o hurtful_a to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o first_o author_n of_o propriety_n be_v conceive_v to_o have_v thus_o agree_v it_o a_o signal_n example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o history_n of_o moses_n numb_a 20.21_o â—â—â—1_n numb_a â—â—â—1_n who_o be_v to_o march_v through_o the_o border_n of_o the_o edomite_n and_o amorites_n offer_v these_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v travel_v only_o through_o their_o highway_n without_o trespass_v upon_o any_o private_a man_n possession_n if_o he_o have_v need_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v they_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o just_a price_n of_o it_o which_o be_v reject_v be_v ground_n sufficient_a for_o that_o war_n which_o he_o make_v against_o the_o amorites_n whence_o st._n augustin_n thus_o 20._o li._n quaest_n 4_o sup_n numb_a c._n 20._o a_o innocent_a passage_n be_v deny_v they_o which_o ought_v by_o the_o law_n of_o humanity_n to_o lie_v open_a and_o free_a to_o all_o who_o require_v it_o whereupon_o st._n augustin_n conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n against_o the_o amorites_n be_v just_a hercules_n fly_v amyntor_n king_n of_o the_o orchomenian_n apollodor_n apollodor_n because_o he_o deny_v he_o a_o free_a passage_n so_o do_v the_o grecian_n make_v war_n against_o josephus_n because_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o border_n of_o his_o country_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o grecian_n canidiam_fw-la scholiast_n in_o hor._n carmen_fw-la in_o canidiam_fw-la which_o be_v under_o clearchus_n plead_v we_o say_v they_o be_v travel_v towards_o our_o own_o country_n peaceable_o if_o none_o molest_v we_o but_o if_o any_o shall_v hinder_v we_o we_o will_v endeavour_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o god_n to_o force_v our_o way_n so_o likewise_o agesilaus_n return_v out_o of_o asia_n when_o he_o come_v to_o troas_n demand_v a_o ut_fw-la amicum_fw-la se_fw-la a_o ut_fw-la hostem_fw-la transire_fw-la mallent_fw-la age_n plut._n age_n whether_o they_o desire_v that_o he_o shall_v pass_v through_o their_o country_n as_o a_o friend_n or_o as_o a_o enemy_n the_o like_a demand_n be_v make_v by_o lysander_n to_o the_o boeotian_o rectis_fw-la se_fw-la hastis_fw-la se_fw-la transire_fw-la vellent_fw-la a_o inclinatis_fw-la whether_o they_o will_v have_v he_o to_o pass_v in_o a_o peaceful_a or_o in_o a_o warlike_a posture_n 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o thus_o do_v the_o batavian_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o bonnenses_n in_o tacitus_n if_o none_o oppose_v we_o our_o march_n shall_v be_v innocent_a but_o if_o we_o find_v resistance_n we_o will_v force_v our_o passage_n with_o our_o sword_n cimon_n carry_v succour_n to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n lead_v they_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o corinth_n and_o be_v blame_v by_o the_o corinthian_n ask_v leave_v to_o be_v first_o ask_v that_o he_o have_v not_o first_o acquaint_v the_o city_n with_o his_o purpose_n for_o they_o that_o knock_v at_o other_o man_n door_n say_v they_o enter_v not_o but_o by_o permission_n return_v this_o answer_n but_o you_o say_v he_o have_v not_o knock_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o cleonaean_n and_o of_o the_o megarense_n but_o have_v break_v they_o open_a censentes_fw-la omne_fw-la potere_fw-la debere_fw-la plus_fw-la valentibus_fw-la conceive_v that_o all_o place_n ought_v to_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o strong_a but_o the_o most_o moderate_a opinion_n be_v the_o best_a leave_v be_v first_o to_o be_v demand_v according_a to_o that_o of_o aristophanes_n whilst_o towards_o delphos_n we_o our_o army_n lead_v first_o from_o boeotian_o we_o free_a passage_n crave_v but_o if_o it_o be_v deny_v then_o may_v our_o passage_n be_v just_o force_v by_o arm_n force_v which_o if_o deny_v may_v be_v force_v when_o the_o german_n and_o the_o french_a make_v war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o for_o maranus_fw-la the_o venetian_n give_v free_a passage_n to_o they_o both_o whereof_o when_o the_o german_n complain_v they_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o can_v not_o hinder_v it_o but_o by_o arm_n which_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o use_v but_o against_o their_o public_a enemy_n agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n return_v out_o of_o asia_n 11._o paruta_n lib._n 11._o and_o demand_v free_a passage_n for_o his_o army_n through_o macedon_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n that_o he_o will_v consult_v about_o it_o whereunto_o agesilaus_n reply_v consultet_fw-la nos_fw-la interea_fw-la intrabimus_fw-la let_v he_o consult_v and_o we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n will_v enter_v neither_o may_v it_o be_v just_o object_v that_o the_o multitude_n of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o pass_v may_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o fear_n for_o jus_fw-la meum_fw-la metis_fw-la tuo_fw-la non_fw-la tollitur_fw-la my_o right_n be_v not_o take_v away_o by_o thy_o fear_n fear_n remedy_n against_o this_o fear_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o there_o be_v certain_a remedy_n provide_v against_o this_o fear_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v march_v
little_a slight_a cottage_n on_o the_o shore_n for_o present_a shelter_n notwithstanding_o that_o we_o do_v grant_v that_o shore_n to_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o people_n that_o be_v native_n for_o whereas_o pomponius_n require_v a_o order_n from_o the_o people_n or_o praetor_n to_o license_v any_o man_n to_o erect_v any_o thing_n upon_o the_o common_a shore_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o edifice_n as_o be_v last_a and_o permanent_a whereunto_o tend_v that_o of_o the_o poet_n contracta_fw-la pisces_fw-la aequora_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la jactis_fw-la in_o altum_fw-la molibus_fw-la whilst_o hill_n in_o sea_n be_v cast_v fish_v fright_v from_o their_o hold_n do_v stand_v aghast_a xvi_o a_o right_a to_o inhabit_v for_o such_o as_o be_v expel_v their_o own_o country_n neither_o may_v we_o just_o deny_v such_o stranger_n as_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o own_o seat_n a_o right_a of_o perpetual_a cohabitation_n whilst_o they_o shall_v submit_v to_o the_o government_n establish_v and_o to_o other_o thing_n necessary_a to_o avoid_v sedition_n which_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o the_o poet_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o aeneas_n tender_v these_o reasonable_a condition_n socer_fw-la arma_fw-la latinus_n habeto_fw-la imperium_fw-la solenne_fw-fr socer_fw-la and_o latinus_n himself_o in_o halicarnassensis_n adjudge_v aeneas_n his_o cause_n to_o be_v just_a 1._o lib._n 1._o if_o be_v destitute_a of_o any_o other_o place_n of_o habitation_n he_o be_v enforce_v thither_o barbarum_fw-la est_fw-la hospites_fw-la pellere_fw-la to_o drive_v those_o from_o we_o who_o come_v like_o friend_n to_o visit_v we_o or_o to_o dwell_v among_o we_o be_v barbarous_a 17._o lib._n 17._o neither_o be_v the_o spartan_n herein_o to_o be_v approve_v of_o so_o st._n ambrose_n 5._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o c._n 7._o herod_n l._n 1._o &_o 4._o paus_n l._n 7._o oros_n l._n 7._o diod._n l._n 5._o their_o advice_n be_v not_o to_o be_v follow_v who_o will_v not_o have_v stranger_n to_o live_v among_o they_o thus_o do_v the_o grecian_n receive_v the_o colophonian_n the_o rhodian_o phorbantes_n with_o his_o associate_n the_o lacedæmonians_n the_o minyan_o as_o the_o cumaean_o do_v other_o that_o come_v to_o cohabit_v with_o they_o but_o when_o the_o same_o minyan_o be_v so_o receive_v demand_v to_o share_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o their_o government_n herodotus_n just_o condemn_v they_o as_o ungrateful_a 6._o lib._n 4._o c._n 6._o for_o pretend_v to_o that_o whereunto_o they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n whereby_o as_o valerius_n maximus_n observe_v that_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o injury_n which_o be_v intend_v as_o a_o courtesy_n xvii_o especial_o place_n desert_a and_o untilled_a and_o if_o there_o be_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n any_o land_n that_o be_v desert_a and_o incultivate_v that_o also_o be_v to_o be_v grant_v unto_o stranger_n if_o they_o request_v it_o or_o they_o may_v lawful_o possess_v it_o because_o that_o which_o be_v not_o cultivate_v be_v repute_v as_o desert_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n which_o remain_v notwithstanding_o with_o the_o people_n or_o prince_n within_o who_o territory_n it_o lie_v servius_n note_n 7._o ad_fw-la xi_o aen._n orat._n 7._o that_o seven_o hundred_o furlong_n of_o land_n be_v barren_a and_o hard_a be_v by_o the_o old_a latin_n grant_v to_o the_o trojan_n and_o we_o read_v in_o dionysius_n prusaeensis_fw-la that_o nihil_fw-la peccant_a qui_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la incultam_fw-la colunt_fw-la they_o do_v no_o wrong_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o inhabit_v place_n desert_n and_o unoccupied_a 13._o annal._n l._n 13._o the_o ansibarii_n of_o old_a in_o tacitus_n cry_v out_o against_o the_o roman_n for_o deny_v they_o some_o ground_n that_o as_o they_o conceive_v lie_v waste_v thus_o as_o the_o god_n have_v reserve_v heaven_n to_o themselves_o so_o have_v they_o give_v the_o earth_n to_o mankind_n every_o part_n whereof_o that_o lie_v unoccupied_a be_v common_a and_o then_o look_v up_o to_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n he_o thus_o demand_v of_o they_o vellent_fw-la ne_fw-la intueri_fw-la inane_fw-la solum_fw-la whether_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o behold_v the_o earth_n to_o lie_v desolate_a and_o not_o rather_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v overflow_v it_o than_o to_o suffer_v such_o destroyer_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o engross_v it_o and_o to_o make_v no_o use_n of_o it_o but_o these_o general_a say_n though_o true_a yet_o be_v ill_o apply_v to_o the_o matter_n then_o in_o question_n for_o those_o land_n do_v not_o at_o all_o lie_n waste_v but_o serve_v for_o the_o depasture_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o be_v deny_v they_o no_o less_o just_a be_v that_o query_n which_o the_o ancient_a roman_n make_v to_o the_o gallisinones_n 5._o livy_n l._n 5._o by_o what_o right_o they_o exact_v land_n from_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n threaten_v war_n xviii_o a_o right_a to_o such_o act_n without_o which_o man_n can_v well_o live_v after_o the_o right_n that_o be_v common_a to_o thing_n follow_v that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o some_o act_n and_o this_o right_n be_v grant_v either_o simple_o or_o upon_o supposition_n simple_o this_o right_n in_o common_a be_v grant_v to_o such_o act_n whereby_o those_o thing_n may_v be_v acquire_v without_o which_o we_o can_v convenient_o subsist_v i_o mean_v not_o here_o such_o a_o necessity_n as_o justify_v we_o in_o the_o take_n away_o of_o another_o man_n good_n for_o we_o discourse_v not_o here_o of_o thing_n take_v away_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n but_o of_o the_o mean_n how_o to_o obtain_v thing_n convenient_a with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n at_o least_o that_o no_o impediment_n be_v give_v either_o by_o a_o public_a law_n or_o any_o private_a conspiracy_n for_o in_o such_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v such_o a_o impediment_n be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a society_n pericle_v pericle_v thus_o plutarch_n concern_v the_o megarense_n they_o bitter_o complain_v 87._o the_o right_n of_o traffic_n common_a to_o all_o eâ—_n 87._o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o be_v deny_v traffic_n and_o drive_v from_o all_o port_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o athenian_n what_o every_o country_n abound_v with_o say_v seneca_n be_v make_v know_v to_o all_o nation_n that_o all_o man_n may_v see_v the_o necessity_n there_o be_v of_o maintain_v commerce_n among_o themselves_o in_o case_n any_o nation_n do_v want_v what_o another_o nation_n have_v and_o again_o whatsoever_o any_o people_n have_v that_o do_v commerce_n give_v to_o all_o and_o those_o country_n that_o be_v disperse_v and_o distant_a from_o each_o other_o traffic_n unite_v and_o knit_v together_o i_o speak_v not_o here_o as_o to_o thing_n superfluous_a or_o voluptuous_a but_o of_o such_o only_a as_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o our_o life_n as_o aliment_n vestment_n medicament_n and_o the_o like_a xix_o a_o right_a of_o buy_v necessary_n to_o procure_v those_o thing_n at_o a_o equal_a rate_n every_o man_n we_o say_v have_v a_o common_a right_n unless_o they_o from_o who_o such_o thing_n be_v require_v do_v themselves_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o common_a dearth_n we_o usual_o forbid_v the_o transportation_n of_o corn_n for_o 34._o cassiod_n l._n 1._o ep._n 34._o that_o the_o native_n shall_v first_o be_v feed_v with_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o own_o land_n be_v but_o reasonable_a and_o yet_o in_o so_o necessitous_a a_o time_n the_o stranger_n who_o we_o have_v once_o admit_v we_o can_v expel_v for_o commune_fw-la malum_fw-la communiter_fw-la tolerandum_fw-la common_a calamity_n must_v be_v bear_v in_o common_a xx._n but_o not_o always_o to_o sell_v but_o to_o sell_v their_o commodity_n it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o allow_v every_o man_n the_o same_o right_n for_o every_o man_n be_v free_a to_o prescribe_v what_o he_o will_v buy_v and_o what_o he_o will_v not_o so_o the_o belgian_n of_o old_a will_v not_o admit_v of_o wine_n and_o other_o exotic_a commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v among_o they_o the_o like_a strabo_n testify_v of_o the_o arabian_n among_o who_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v import_v and_o other_o not_z xxi_o a_o right_a to_o contract_v matrimony_n by_o this_o right_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n of_o one_o nation_n to_o contract_v matrimony_n with_o the_o people_n of_o another_o especial_o if_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n they_o shall_v come_v to_o inhabit_v another_o for_o though_o some_o man_n may_v live_v without_o the_o use_n of_o woman_n yet_o other_o can_v they_o be_v man_n of_o excellent_a temper_n that_o can_v content_v themselves_o to_o lead_v single_a life_n and_o therefore_o to_o abridge_v they_o of_o the_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n be_v a_o
man_n enjoy_v his_o own_o paneg._n paneg._n so_o say_v pliny_n the_o empire_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v much_o great_a than_o his_o private_a patrimony_n now_o there_o be_v common_o two_o thing_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o empire_n first_o person_n which_o alone_o sometime_o suffice_v as_o in_o a_o army_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n seek_v new_a plantation_n second_o land_n which_o be_v call_v territory_n and_o although_o both_o empire_n and_o dominion_n be_v usual_o gain_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o art_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o themselves_o distinct_a so_o we_o find_v in_o apollodorus_n that_o the_o land_n as_o well_o in_o arcadia_n as_o in_o attica_n be_v divide_v yet_o the_o empire_n remain_v in_o one_o only_a and_o therefore_o although_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n of_o thing_n do_v usual_o pass_v not_o to_o subject_n only_o but_o sometime_o to_o stranger_n yet_o may_v the_o sovereignty_n still_o remain_v where_o it_o be_v before_o siculus_n in_o the_o book_n that_o he_o write_v concern_v the_o condition_n of_o land_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o field_n belong_v to_o their_o own_o colony_n be_v insufficient_a they_o that_o take_v the_o care_n to_o assign_v and_o divide_v the_o land_n do_v apportion_n to_o such_o of_o their_o citizen_n as_o come_v afterward_o such_o field_n as_o they_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a possession_n but_o leave_v the_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o unto_o those_o who_o the_o territory_n be_v demosthenes_n call_v those_o field_n which_o lie_v within_o their_o own_o territory_n inheritance_n but_o those_o that_o lay_v in_o another_o possession_n only_o v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o possess_v thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v but_o in_o a_o place_n who_o empire_n be_v already_o possess_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v anticipate_v as_o we_o say_v above_o for_o this_o right_n proceed_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n rather_o permit_v it_o than_o command_v that_o it_o be_v always_o lawful_a neither_o indeed_o do_v humane_a society_n require_v it_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n seem_v to_o justify_v it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o although_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o common_o be_v or_o have_v be_v so_o receive_v yet_o do_v it_o never_o amount_v to_o a_o compact_a or_o general_a argument_n among_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o be_v rather_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o many_o nation_n distribute_v which_o notwithstanding_o may_v by_o any_o particular_a nation_n be_v reject_v as_o indeed_o there_o be_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o our_o civil_a lawyer_n seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o division_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n vi_o upon_o what_o right_a the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n be_v ground_v this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o no_o right_a of_o propriety_n can_v be_v admit_v to_o those_o who_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o common_a good_a do_v indulge_v this_o favour_n unto_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n that_o they_o may_v lawful_o receive_v and_o retain_v the_o propriety_n of_o thing_n all_o mankind_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n favour_v and_o as_o it_o be_v sustain_v their_o person_n for_o humane_a law_n may_v constitute_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v preternatural_a but_o not_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o therefore_o that_o right_n of_o dominion_n that_o in_o favour_n to_o such_o be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o civilise_v nation_n thus_o introduce_v may_v haply_o consist_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o dominion_n which_o be_v a_o power_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v thing_n in_o propriety_n but_o not_o with_o the_o second_o act_n which_o be_v free_o and_o voluntary_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o by_o themselves_o without_o a_o guardian_n for_o as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o alienation_n and_o the_o like_a because_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o imply_v the_o act_n of_o a_o will_n guide_v with_o reason_n which_o infant_n and_o madman_n have_v not_o therefore_o do_v not_o the_o law_n permit_v these_o act_n unto_o they_o whereunto_o the_o apostle_n allude_v gal._n 4.1_o 4.1_o gal._n 4.1_o the_o pupil_n though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o inheritance_n yet_o during_o his_o nonage_n be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o servant_n that_o be_v as_o to_o the_o use_n and_o free_a exercise_n of_o his_o right_n we_o have_v heretofore_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o shall_v now_o complete_a vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v possess_v in_o our_o own_o proper_a right_n river_n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n though_o neither_o the_o water_n above_o nor_o beneath_o be_v include_v within_o our_o territory_n but_o do_v co-here_a with_o both_o or_o with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v they_o we_o that_o their_o great_a part_n that_o be_v their_o bank_n on_o both_o side_n wherein_o they_o be_v include_v be_v we_o and_o that_o that_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v be_v but_o a_o small_a thing_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v so_o but_o by_o this_o it_o shall_v also_o appear_v that_o the_o sea_n may_v have_v be_v hold_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o on_o both_o side_n possess_v the_o shore_n yea_o although_o it_o be_v open_a above_o as_o a_o gulf_n or_o both_o above_o and_o below_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o they_o now_o what_o be_v lawful_a to_o any_o one_o king_n or_o people_n may_v also_o be_v lawful_a to_o two_o or_o three_o in_o case_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o possess_v the_o sea_n run_v alike_o between_o they_o so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o great_a river_n glide_v between_o two_o territory_n occupy_v by_o both_o at_o first_o but_o at_o last_o divide_v ix_o not_o so_o of_o old_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o former_a age_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o one_o people_n shall_v challenge_v any_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v that_o when_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n for_o first_o the_o word_n be_v so_o general_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o such_o a_o limitation_n for_o what_o the_o latin_n render_v in_o these_o word_n omnium_fw-la commune_fw-la the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o theophilus_n expound_v by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n as_o open_v and_o free_a for_o all_o man_n as_o the_o air._n and_o so_o do_v celsus_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o all_o man_n alike_o common_a beside_o civilian_n do_v manifest_o distinguish_v the_o public_a thing_n of_o the_o people_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v river_n from_o those_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n for_o so_o we_o read_v in_o the_o constitution_n that_o some_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o and_o some_o thing_n be_v public_a by_o natural_a right_n these_o thing_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o all_o the_o air_n run_v water_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n adjoin_v but_o all_o river_n and_o port_n be_v public_a the_o very_a same_o also_o we_o read_v in_o theophilus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o sea_n coast_n neratius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o public_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n but_o as_o those_o which_o nature_n at_o the_o first_o discover_v but_o be_v never_o since_o in_o the_o occupancy_n of_o any_o no_o not_o of_o any_o one_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v that_o of_o celsus_n who_o say_v that_o to_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v extend_v itself_o there_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n but_o the_o sea_n as_o
to_o the_o use_n thereof_o lie_v common_a to_o all_o men._n which_o seem_v contradiction_n may_v be_v thus_o easy_o reconcile_v propriety_n the_o sea_n and_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n neratius_n speak_v of_o the_o shoar_n as_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o to_o mariner_n and_o to_o such_o as_o pass_v by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v natural_o common_a but_o as_o to_o any_o benefit_n or_o profitable_a improvement_n of_o it_o by_o erect_v fort_n or_o other_o durable_a building_n so_o as_o celsus_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o as_o pomponius_n likewise_o inform_v we_o such_o building_n can_v not_o be_v erect_v without_o special_a licence_n from_o the_o praetor_n either_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n and_o so_o repute_v as_o part_v of_o it_o x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o part_n of_o sea_n close_v by_o land_n may_v be_v occupy_v though_o these_o thing_n be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o arise_v from_o custom_n and_o consent_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o sense_n take_v as_o be_v before_o declare_v be_v not_o occupy_v nor_o by_o right_n can_v be_v so_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v some_o merchant_n ship_n of_o hull_n for_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n near_o island_n without_o leave_n our_o most_o wise_a queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v that_o the_o best_a lawyer_n have_v adjudge_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v free_a and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n common_a to_o all_o nor_o can_v be_v interdict_a by_o any_o prince_n and_o as_o to_o custom_n she_o answer_v that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v ever_o exact_v it_o 1600._o camd._n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1600._o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o his_o father_n have_v grant_v that_o the_o english_a abstain_v from_o injury_n shall_v have_v freedom_n of_o fish_v without_o leave_n for_o river_n also_o be_v public_a we_o know_v and_o yet_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o some_o corner_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o same_o river_n may_v proper_o belong_v to_o some_o private_a person_n nay_o even_o of_o the_o sea_n itself_o it_o be_v say_v by_o paulus_n the_o civilian_n that_o where_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a right_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n he_o may_v have_v a_o injunction_n to_o quiet_a his_o possession_n for_o this_o be_v now_o a_o private_a case_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n which_o proper_o appertain_v to_o private_a not_o public_a cause_n where_o doubtless_o he_o treat_v of_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o some_o private_a man_n ground_n which_o we_o read_v be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o by_o lucullus_n and_o other_o and_o as_o sallust_n testify_v by_o many_o private_a man_n in_o his_o time_n who_o have_v subvert_v many_o mountain_n and_o make_v sea_n out_o of_o dry_a land_n whereunto_o horace_n thus_o allude_v while_o mountain_n into_o sea_n be_v cast_v fish_v frighten_v from_o their_o hold_n do_v stand_v aghast_a the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o paterculus_n we_o say_v he_o inject_n huge_a hill_n of_o earth_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o when_o we_o have_v make_v mountain_n hollow_a we_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o concave_n pliny_n likewise_o speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v that_o it_o must_v be_v embowel_v to_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o what_o great_a bulwark_n say_v cassiodore_n be_v the_o sea_n bank_n decent_o invade_v how_o far_o do_v the_o earth_n encroach_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o as_o tibullus_n write_v the_o untamed_a sea_n with_o mountain_n be_v immure_v that_o fish_n from_o winter_n storm_n may_v lie_v secure_v varro_n write_v of_o l._n lucullus_n say_v that_o have_v cut_v through_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n and_o thereby_o make_v a_o passage_n for_o the_o maritine_n river_n into_o his_o pond_n he_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n of_o sea_n fish_n luculli_fw-la vita_fw-la luculli_fw-la that_o neptune_n himself_o have_v not_o more_o plutarch_n also_o record_v the_o same_o of_o lucullus_n that_o have_v surround_v his_o village_n with_o trench_n and_o channel_n even_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o store_v they_o with_o fish_n he_o make_v his_o banqueting-house_n within_o the_o sea_n itself_o 54._o lib._n 9_o c._n 54._o so_o do_v pliny_n that_o have_v at_o a_o vast_a charge_n dug_n through_o a_o mountain_n and_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v by_o pompey_n the_o great_a call_v xerxem_n togatum_fw-la the_o very_a like_a do_v valerius_n maximus_n record_n of_o c._n sergius_n orata_n who_o by_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o springtide_n and_o intercept_n its_o go_v out_o make_v sea_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o but_o the_o very_a same_o we_o find_v afterward_o produce_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n about_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v enclose_v within_o certain_a bound_n and_o possess_v as_o a_o private_a estate_n now_o if_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v annex_v to_o a_o private_a man_n estate_n as_o be_v environ_v by_o it_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n so_o small_a in_o proportion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v deem_v as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o oppose_v it_o why_o may_v not_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o he_o or_o their_o dominion_n who_o the_o shore_n be_v especial_o while_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o territory_n be_v no_o great_a than_o a_o small_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n compare_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o private_a man_n land_n wherewith_o it_o be_v encompass_v neither_o will_v it_o much_o alter_v the_o case_n to_o say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v not_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v as_o may_v be_v easy_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o river_n that_o be_v not_o every_o where_o begird_v with_o bank_n or_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o for_o conveniency_n of_o importation_n be_v let_v into_o some_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o shoar_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n indulge_v unto_o we_o by_o nature_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o common_a consent_n do_v prohibit_v wherefore_o where_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n and_o not_o by_o common_a consent_n repeal_v no_o one_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n surround_v by_o the_o shoar_n and_o questionless_a though_o the_o sea_n be_v natural_o free_a yet_o as_o to_o any_o profit_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n as_o by_o fish_v or_o otherwise_o it_o may_v by_o custom_n or_o consent_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o prince_n who_o the_o territory_n be_v prince_n whether_o stranger_n may_v fish_v in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o join_v to_o the_o shoar_n of_o another_o prince_n for_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n border_v on_o the_o territory_n of_o any_o prince_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tax_n and_o tribute_n which_o those_o prince_n take_v of_o stranger_n for_o fish_v whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n as_o in_o russia_n where_o the_o tax_n for_o fish_v be_v very_o great_a insomuch_o that_o the_o hollander_n give_v the_o ten_o fish_n denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n at_o ward-house_n and_o in_o the_o sound_n as_o also_o for_o fish_v in_o the_o north_n sea_n and_o even_o for_o navigate_a that_o sea_n between_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o island_n as_o the_o merchant_n of_o hall_n late_o find_v by_o sad_a experience_n as_o sweden_n also_o do_v heretofore_o when_o norway_n be_v they_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v the_o like_a for_o fish_v on_o their_o respective_a coast_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n in_o scotland_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n so_o do_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n also_o on_o those_o take_v on_o their_o own_o coast_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v 6_o d._n per_fw-la tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v now_o as_o much_o as_o 18_o d._n h._n 7._o resolve_v to_o set_v up_o the_o fish_n trade_n in_o england_n consider_v that_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o he_o
a_o globe_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o both_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a unto_o he_o and_o constantinus_n monomachus_n be_v say_v in_o history_n to_o be_v terrae_fw-la marisque_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la emperor_n and_o lord_n both_o of_o land_n and_o sea_n 1602._o goth._n 3._o of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o venetian_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n see_v paruta_n how_o it_o be_v claim_v camden_n 1602._o thus_o be_v the_o aegean_a sea_n make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o yet_o procopius_n give_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n at_o and_o about_o marselles_n to_o the_o french_a the_o like_a do_v other_o historian_n give_v to_o the_o venetian_n in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n now_o the_o dominion_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v obtain_v as_o other_o empire_n be_v namely_o as_o be_v above_o say_v either_o by_o the_o number_n of_o man_n as_o when_o their_o fleet_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o exercitus_fw-la maritinus_n a_o sea_n army_n do_v usual_o ride_v in_o such_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o territory_n when_o from_o the_o land_n they_o can_v command_v those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v as_o full_o as_o if_o it_o be_v all_o dry_a land_n fourteen_o of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v toll_v by_o sea_n wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v think_v repugnant_a either_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n for_o such_o prince_n as_o shall_v undergo_v the_o charge_n of_o maintain_v fleet_n to_o secure_a passenger_n from_o pirate_n or_o of_o sea-marks_a or_o land-light_n to_o guide_v merchant_n through_o dangerous_a place_n 17._o plin._n l._n 19_o c._n 4._o strabo_n l._n 17._o to_o impose_v equal_a and_o indifferent_a toll_n upon_o such_o as_o shall_v receive_v benefit_n by_o they_o such_o be_v that_o which_o the_o roman_n impose_v on_o all_o merchant_n that_o sail_v by_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o compensate_a the_o charge_n they_o be_v at_o in_o send_v out_o every_o year_n a_o fleet_n with_o certain_a band_n of_o archer_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o pirate_n that_o infest_a those_o sea_n and_o that_o toll_n which_o the_o byzantine_n require_v from_o those_o that_o pass_v through_o their_o sea_n whereof_o herodian_a make_v mention_v in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o emperor_n severus_n and_o that_o also_o which_o the_o athenian_n do_v ancient_o exact_a when_o they_o hold_v chrysopolis_n in_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o polybius_n testify_v and_o that_o which_o the_o same_o athenian_n require_v from_o those_o that_o pass_v the_o hellespont_n when_o they_o have_v take_v byzantium_n as_o demosthenes_n record_v the_o like_a do_v procopius_n mention_v in_o his_o secret_a history_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o his_o time_n the_o rhodian_o also_o exact_v toll_n from_o the_o islander_n for_o secure_v the_o sea_n from_o pirate_n yea_o and_o from_o pharo_n at_o alexandria_n as_o we_o read_v in_o ammianus_n the_o like_a do_v caesar_n testify_v of_o the_o venetian_n who_o sea_n be_v tempestuous_a and_o have_v but_o few_o port_n which_o they_o themselves_o hold_v they_o make_v all_o that_o traffic_v in_o those_o sea_n pay_v toll_n so_o likewise_o florus_n concern_v the_o roman_n that_o have_v lose_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o island_n be_v take_v from_o they_o they_o be_v ashamed_a to_o pay_v that_o tribute_n which_o they_o themselves_o be_v wont_a to_o command_v the_o same_o procopius_n above_o mention_v as_o well_o in_o his_o public_a as_o secret_a history_n speak_v of_o a_o ancient_a tribute_n pay_v in_o the_o hellespont_n as_o also_o of_o a_o new_a imposition_n exact_v in_o the_o strait_n of_o the_o euxine_a and_o byzantine_n sea_n the_o one_o pay_v at_o blackhern_a the_o other_o at_o abydos_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o freight_v which_o be_v afterward_o lessen_v by_o the_o empress_n irene_n and_o last_o by_o the_o emperor_n immanuel_n comnenus_n grant_v unto_o certain_a monastery_n as_o balsamo_n inform_v we_o upon_o the_o four_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n and_o upon_o the_o twelve_o canon_n of_o the_o seven_o synod_n the_o dane_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n require_v a_o rose_n noble_a of_o every_o ship_n and_o one_o piece_n of_o money_n in_o the_o hundred_o 1602._o camden_n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1582._o &_o 1602._o and_o lastage_n for_o secure_v the_o english_a sailor_n through_o their_o sea_n to_o muscovy_n neither_o will_v they_o permit_v the_o english_a to_o fish_n in_o those_o sea_n without_o leave_n or_o a_o yearly_a toll_n xv._o some_o people_n by_o agreement_n forbid_v to_o sail_v beyond_o such_o bound_n some_o precedent_n also_o we_o find_v of_o league_n whereby_o one_o nation_n be_v bind_v to_o another_o that_o they_o will_v not_o sail_v beyond_o such_o bound_n so_o it_o be_v of_o old_a article_v between_o the_o king_n border_v on_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o the_o egyptian_n that_o the_o egyptian_n shall_v not_o come_v into_o that_o sea_n with_o any_o long_a ship_n or_o with_o above_o one_o ship_n of_o burden_n 11._o philost_n de_fw-fr vit_fw-fr apol._n l._n 3._o c._n 11._o plut._n cymo_n diod._n l._n 11._o so_o it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o athenian_n and_o the_o persian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cymon_n that_o no_o median_a ship_n arm_v shall_v sail_v between_o the_o cyanea_fw-la and_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o mountain_n taurus_n this_o be_v that_o most_o honourable_a peace_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n wherein_o it_o be_v also_o agree_v that_o the_o persian_n shall_v not_o approach_v near_o unto_o the_o sea_n than_o the_o length_n of_o a_o horse_n race_n that_o be_v than_o forty_o furlong_n and_o in_o those_o annual_a truce_n of_o the_o peloponesian_a war_n it_o be_v article_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n shall_v not_o sail_v with_o long_a ship_n but_o with_o other_o vessel_n which_o shall_v not_o carry_v above_o the_o weight_n of_o five_o hundred_o talent_n 4._o thucyd._n l._n 4._o and_o in_o the_o first_o league_n which_o the_o roman_n immediate_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o their_o king_n make_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n polyb._n polyb._n it_o be_v agree_v that_o neither_o the_o roman_n nor_o their_o associate_n shall_v sail_v beyond_o the_o promontory_n call_v pulchrum_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n they_o shall_v either_o by_o distress_n of_o wether_n or_o by_o their_o enemy_n be_v drive_v beyond_o it_o they_o shall_v carry_v nothing_o from_o thence_o but_o necessary_n and_o shall_v also_o depart_v within_o five_o day_n whereupon_o servius_n upon_o that_o of_o virgil_n littora_fw-la littoribus_fw-la contraria_fw-la observe_v that_o in_o that_o league_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o neither_o the_o roman_n shall_v approach_v the_o carthaginian_a shoar_n nor_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o roman_a shoar_n such_o another_o league_n there_o be_v make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o tarentines_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o roman_n shall_v not_o sail_v beyond_o the_o promontory_n lacinium_n so_o in_o the_o second_o league_n that_o be_v make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o roman_n shall_v neither_o traffic_v nor_o take_v any_o prize_n beyond_o the_o say_a promontory_n pulchrum_n massia_n or_o tarseium_n as_o also_o that_o the_o roman_n shall_v not_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n either_o of_o africa_n or_o sardinia_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o receive_v safe_a conduct_n 59_o liv._o l._n 48._o c._n 59_o or_o to_o repair_v their_o ship_n and_o after_o the_o three_o punic_a war_n we_o find_v the_o carthaginian_a senate_n blame_v for_o that_o contrary_a to_o their_o league_n they_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n and_o be_v make_v naval_a provision_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o the_o sultan_n of_o egypt_n that_o by_o a_o league_n make_v with_o the_o grecian_n he_o have_v obtain_v liberty_n to_o send_v two_o ship_n every_o year_n through_o the_o strait_n of_o bosphorus_n but_o yet_o be_v not_o all_o these_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o either_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o right_n of_o navigate_a they_o may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n by_o any_o one_o or_o more_o people_n for_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o person_n may_v by_o contract_n and_o agreement_n among_o themselves_o relinquish_v not_o only_o what_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o but_o what_o belong_v unto_o they_o in_o common_a with_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o favour_n to_o those_o who_o may_v reap_v benefit_n by_o it_o and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n we_o say_v not_o that_o the_o sea_n can_v lose_v their_o freedom_n but_o that_o the_o people_n contract_v and_o their_o successor_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v their_o contract_n and_o agreement_n that_o so_o the_o law_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o both_o the_o present_a occupant_n and_o they_o that_o shall_v
to_o prove_v the_o injustice_n of_o his_o demand_n in_o require_v those_o city_n which_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o father_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n ever_o enjoy_v thus_o queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o new_a island_n without_o leave_n that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v exact_v it_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a see_v also_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v free_a for_o all_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n porphyry_n account_v thirty_o year_n for_o a_o age_n and_o herodian_a in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n what_o a_o age_n what_o account_v three_o age_n for_o a_o century_n philo_n also_o reckon_v in_o three_o hundred_o year_n ten_o king_n to_o reign_v in_o egypt_n so_o plutarch_n record_v fourteen_o king_n to_o have_v reign_v in_o lacedaemon_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n wise_o forbid_v that_o any_o title_n shall_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n that_o have_v be_v discontinue_v for_o four_o age_n viii_o a_o objection_n answer_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o see_v that_o man_n do_v natural_o love_v themselves_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v they_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v cast_v away_o what_o be_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o such_o negative_a act_n though_o long_o continue_v can_v be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o conclude_v a_o dereliction_n but_o we_o ought_v also_o to_o believe_v so_o charitable_o of_o man_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v one_o another_o to_o live_v perpetual_o in_o a_o sin_n unrepented_a of_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v vain_a and_o perishable_a which_o can_v ofttimes_o be_v avoid_v unless_o we_o do_v grant_v such_o a_o dereliction_n as_o concern_v empire_n though_o they_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n among_o man_n dejot_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la dejot_fw-la yet_o be_v they_o not_o without_o their_o burden_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o well_o administer_v they_o expose_v the_o governor_n to_o the_o wrath_n of_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v sad_a when_o they_o that_o be_v tutor_n and_o guardian_n shall_v waste_v the_o orphan_n estate_n with_o needless_a suit_n at_o law_n about_o the_o right_n of_o tutelage_n 1._o lib._n 1._o or_o to_o use_v plato_n similitude_n to_o this_o very_a purpose_n when_o mariner_n in_o a_o storm_n shall_v contend_v to_o the_o endanger_n of_o the_o ship_n whether_o of_o they_o can_v best_o steer_v she_o so_o they_o be_v not_o always_o the_o best_a patriot_n who_o can_v be_v content_a to_o sacrifice_v the_o public_a peace_n to_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n and_o not_o without_o the_o vast_a expense_n of_o innocent_a blood_n dispute_n which_o of_o they_o can_v best_o provide_v for_o the_o people_n safety_n high_o extol_v by_o our_o ancestor_n be_v that_o act_n of_o antiochus_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o empire_n by_o scipio_n and_o confine_v to_o that_o only_a which_o lie_v beyond_o mount_n taurus_n give_v hearty_a thanks_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o ease_v he_o of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n 1._o val._n max._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o and_o for_o contract_v his_o dominion_n within_o moderate_a bound_n of_o the_o very_a same_o mind_n seem_v jonathan_n to_o be_v will_v rather_o to_o forego_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o to_o destroy_v his_o country_n with_o civil_a war_n so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v but_o next_o unto_o david_n who_o he_o love_v as_o his_o own_o soul_n 1_o sam._n 23.17_o it_o be_v say_v of_o otho_n the_o emperor_n that_o in_o his_o life_n he_o be_v as_o dissolute_a as_o nero_n finem_fw-la plut._n vit_fw-mi othon_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la but_o in_o his_o death_n as_o honourable_a as_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n for_o rather_o than_o harass_n his_o own_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n he_o choose_v to_o die_v resolute_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n among_o those_o many_o grave_a say_n bequeath_v unto_o we_o by_o lucan_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o the_o least_o cantone_n novorum_fw-la proventu_fw-la scelerum_fw-la quaerunt_fw-la uter_fw-la imperet_fw-la urbi_fw-la vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la fuerat_fw-la civilia_fw-la bella_fw-la movere_fw-la ut_fw-la neuter_n shall_v they_o my_o praise_n have_v who_o seek_v by_o broil_n which_o shall_v the_o state_n enslave_v it_o have_v scarce_o be_v so_o much_o worth_n to_o expect_v whether_o as_o to_o provide_v by_o civil_a war_n that_o neither_o but_o howsoever_o see_v that_o it_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o title_n to_o empire_n shall_v at_o length_n become_v fix_v and_o undoubted_a certain_a title_n to_o empirâ—s_n shall_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a therefore_o whatsoever_o proof_n though_o but_o conjectural_a shall_v be_v bring_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o end_n must_v be_v embrace_v 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to_o dominion_n or_o empire_n because_o there_o be_v few_o of_o they_o but_o some_o that_o be_v unborn_a may_v pretend_v a_o title_n to_o if_o we_o say_v it_o may_v then_o will_v it_o seem_v as_o strong_a how_o silence_n can_v prejudice_v they_o that_o can_v never_o speak_v as_o have_v as_o yet_o no_o existence_n or_o how_o the_o fact_n of_o one_o man_n may_v damnify_v another_o to_o resolve_v this_o we_o must_v know_v right_n he_o that_o have_v no_o visible_a be_v can_v have_v no_o right_n that_o he_o that_o have_v no_o visible_a be_v can_v have_v no_o right_n as_o that_o which_o have_v no_o existence_n can_v have_v no_o accident_n wherefore_o if_o the_o people_n from_o who_o will_n all_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n do_v original_o proceed_v may_v change_v their_o will_n sure_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v those_o that_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a see_v they_o have_v as_o yet_o not_o acquire_v right_o but_o as_o the_o people_n may_v change_v their_o will_n express_o so_o may_v 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non_fw-la valent_fw-la ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la convalescere_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la those_o title_n which_o be_v original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o post_n fact_n be_v make_v good_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o exception_n unless_o some_o new_a cause_n do_v intervene_v which_o of_o itself_o be_v apt_a and_o able_a to_o form_v a_o new_a right_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n that_o be_v by_o a_o manifest_a dereliction_n and_o a_o long_a possession_n he_o that_o be_v a_o true_a king_n may_v lose_v his_o kingdom_n and_o become_v a_o subject_a to_o the_o people_n and_o he_o that_o be_v real_o no_o king_n but_o a_o prince_n may_v become_v a_o absolute_a king_n and_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v once_o whole_o in_o either_o king_n or_o people_n may_v at_o length_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o xii_o whether_o king_n be_v oblige_v by_o those_o civil_a law_n of_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n but_o here_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unworthy_a 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supreme_a we_o must_v also_o grant_v it_o some_o privilege_n and_o prerogative_n above_o and_o before_o other_o i_o never_o yet_o find_v any_o civil_a law_n that_o treat_v of_o prescription_n that_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n be_v understand_v to_o include_v the_o high_a power_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o neither_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n can_v suffice_v to_o acquire_v a_o sovereign_a empire_n or_o any_o of_o its_o necessary_a part_n in_o case_n these_o natural_a conjecture_n whereof_o we_o have_v here_o treat_v be_v want_v nor_o be_v such_o a_o space_n of_o time_n require_v if_o within_o that_o time_n sufficient_a conjecture_n of_o dereliction_n shall_v appear_v nor_o last_o do_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o forbid_v thing_n
legatione_n in_o legatione_n the_o same_o do_v simplicius_n testify_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n respect_v as_o well_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o father_n as_o their_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n in_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n the_o better_a to_o tie_v they_o up_o in_o the_o strict_a bond_n of_o obedience_n without_o exception_n yet_o as_o i_o believe_v presume_v upon_o their_o natural_a assection_n et_fw-la venundandi_fw-la si_fw-la vellent_fw-la &_o impunè_fw-la interficiendi_fw-la parentibus_fw-la jus_o dederunt_fw-la give_v the_o parent_n absolute_a power_n either_o to_o sell_v or_o if_o they_o will_v to_o kill_v their_o own_o child_n the_o like_a power_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o persian_n aristotle_n condemn_v as_o tyrannical_a which_o i_o be_v therefore_o willing_a to_o insert_v that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o more_o exact_o distinguish_v between_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n viii_o a_o right_n over_o person_n by_o consent_n of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n the_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o consent_n be_v gain_v either_o by_o consociation_n or_o by_o subjection_n of_o that_o which_o arise_v from_o consociation_n the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o of_o wedlock_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a yet_o the_o right_n of_o command_n which_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o husband_n as_o be_v of_o the_o noble_a sex_n be_v not_o common_a for_o he_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o wife_n as_o well_o in_o conjugal_a as_o in_o household_n affair_n for_o the_o wife_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o husband_n family_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o husband_n right_o to_o appoint_v law_n in_o his_o own_o house_n but_o what_o power_n soever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o husband_n beyond_o this_o as_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n the_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o make_v void_a all_o the_o vow_n make_v by_o his_o wife_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o people_n he_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v away_o all_o his_o wife_n good_n this_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o man_n and_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o matrimony_n what_o matrimony_n what_o and_o we_o find_v marriage_n take_v natural_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o such_o a_o cohabitation_n of_o a_o man_n with_o a_o woman_n as_o placeth_z the_o woman_n as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o eye_n that_o be_v under_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o man_n for_o such_o a_o consociation_n we_o may_v observe_v to_o be_v among_o dumb_a creature_n but_o because_o man_n be_v govern_v by_o reason_n therefore_o it_o be_v require_v from_o the_o woman_n that_o she_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a unto_o her_o husband_n for_o subjection_n be_v rational_o due_a to_o protection_n ix_o whether_o the_o tie_n of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n inseparable_o be_v by_o the_o natural_a or_o evangelical_n law_n only_o sure_o nature_n seem_v to_o require_v no_o more_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o marriage_n than_o cohabitation_n and_o protection_n neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o god_n require_v more_o before_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o diverse_a holy_a man_n before_o the_o law_n have_v several_a wife_n at_o the_o same_o time_n st._n chrysostome_n speak_v of_o sarah_n say_v that_o it_o be_v some_o comfort_n against_o her_o barrenness_n to_o have_v child_n by_o her_o husband_n though_o beget_v on_o her_o handmaid_n nondum_fw-la enim_fw-la talia_fw-la tunc_fw-la vetita_fw-la erant_fw-la for_o such_o thing_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o forbid_v so_o st._n augustine_n 14.8_o augustine_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 16._o c_o 38._o de_fw-fr doct._n christ_n lib._n 4._o c._n 12._o deut._n 21.15.17.16_o 17._o 2_o sam._n 14.8_o there_o be_v then_o no_o law_n give_v against_o the_o have_v of_o many_o wife_n for_o propagation_n sake_n and_o in_o another_o place_n erat_fw-la uxorum_fw-la plurium_fw-la simul_fw-la habendarum_fw-la tunc_fw-la inculpabilis_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o be_v then_o unblameable_a and_o even_o under_o the_o law_n we_o find_v some_o precept_n give_v to_o those_o that_o shall_v have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o and_o we_o find_v it_o express_o forbid_v to_o their_o king_n to_o be_v excessive_a in_o accumulate_v either_o wife_n or_o horse_n wherefore_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n upon_o that_o place_n do_v limit_v their_o king_n to_o eighteen_o wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o no_o more_o and_o josephus_n acknowledge_v that_o to_o have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o be_v mos_fw-la patrius_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n therefore_o god_n himself_o seem_v to_o upbraid_v david_n for_o that_o he_o have_v give_v he_o his_o master_n wife_n and_o concubine_n quas_fw-la justè_fw-la &_o legitimè_fw-la habere_fw-la posset_n who_o he_o may_v just_o and_o lawful_o enjoy_v say_v josephus_n indissoluble_a ant._n hist_o l._n 17._o c._n 1._o nor_o be_v this_o knot_n indissoluble_a neither_o be_v this_o knot_n of_o marriage_n under_o the_o law_n indissoluble_a as_o now_o it_o be_v for_o we_o find_v a_o prescript_n form_n to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n neither_o be_v any_o man_n forbid_v to_o marry_v the_o person_n repudiate_v but_o he_o only_o that_o put_v she_o away_o and_o the_o priest_n who_o also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n forbid_v to_o marry_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o harlot_n now_o whereas_o philo_n and_o many_o modern_a interpreter_n 21.7_o leu._n 21.7_o do_v understand_v this_o to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o high_a priest_n only_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v ver_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v evident_a by_o that_o of_o ezek._n 44.22_o that_o every_o priest_n be_v thereby_o forbid_v as_o may_v also_o be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o connexion_n of_o this_o seven_o verse_n with_o the_o verse_n precede_v but_o yet_o this_o liberty_n that_o be_v thus_o give_v to_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v repudiate_v to_o become_v another_o man_n wife_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n restrain_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n after_o her_o divorce_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n about_o her_o issue_n to_o prevent_v which_o the_o jew_n do_v require_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v three_o month_n interval_n law_n whether_o a_o woman_n have_v conceive_v may_v marry_v before_o delivery_n the_o christian_a law_n between_o the_o divorce_n and_o the_o second_o marriage_n whence_o arise_v that_o question_n in_o tacitus_n whether_o a_o woman_n have_v conceive_v may_v be_v marry_v before_o her_o delivery_n but_o the_o christian_a law_n have_v reduce_v this_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n beside_o to_o a_o more_o perfect_a rule_n whereby_o both_o he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n unless_o for_o the_o act_n of_o uncleanness_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o that_o be_v put_v away_o be_v both_o pronounce_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n and_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v both_o his_o apostle_n and_o interpreter_n do_v give_v not_o only_o to_o the_o husband_n the_o power_n over_o his_o wife_n body_n which_o he_o have_v before_o under_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o he_o that_o join_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n in_o marriage_n in_o corpus_fw-la ejus_fw-la habet_fw-la dominium_fw-la have_v power_n over_o her_o body_n say_v artemidorus_z but_o to_o the_o wife_n likewise_o power_n over_o the_o body_n of_o her_o husband_n thereby_o make_v the_o obligation_n mutual_a and_o the_o transgression_n on_o either_o part_n equal_a so_o lactantius_n the_o divine_a law_n do_v so_o conjoin_v two_o person_n in_o matrimony_n that_o be_v into_o one_o body_n 23._o inst_z l._n 6._o c._n 23._o on_o such_o equal_a term_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v violate_v this_o bond_n or_o cut_v asunder_o this_o knot_n shall_v be_v repute_v a_o adulterer_n and_o therefore_o he_o present_o subjoin_v by_o thy_o own_o example_n thou_o be_v to_o teach_v thy_o wife_n chastity_n iniquum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la id_fw-la exigas_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la praestare_fw-la non_fw-la possis_fw-la it_o be_v very_o unjust_a to_o exact_v that_o from_o she_o which_o thou_o can_v not_o perform_v thyself_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n speak_v nazianzene_n be_v equal_o bind_v quomodo_fw-la exigis_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la rependis_fw-la with_o what_o conscience_n can_v thou_o exact_v that_o which_o thou_o refuse_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o st._n jerome_n to_o oceanus_n the_o law_n of_o caesar_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n another_o papinian_n command_v one_o thing_n and_o st._n paul_n another_o by_o the_o former_a the_o reins_o of_o our_o unbridled_a lust_n be_v let_v loose_a and_o adultery_n only_o be_v condemn_v every_o where_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o frequent_v the_o stew_n and_o brothel-house_n without_o restraint_n quasi_fw-la dignitas_fw-la culpam_fw-la
two_o or_o more_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v yea_o though_o their_o judgement_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o righteous_a as_o it_o may_v be_v yet_o eo_fw-la quod_fw-la major_a pars_fw-la decrevit_fw-la stetur_fw-la 10._o curtius_n l._n 10._o because_o the_o major_a part_n have_v decree_v it_o it_o must_v stand_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o paucis_fw-la jam_fw-la deficiente_fw-la caterva_fw-la nec_fw-la persona_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la patriae_fw-la nec_fw-la curia_fw-la constat_fw-la the_o assembly_n be_v dissolve_v in_o two_o or_o three_o no_o face_n of_o country_n nor_o of_o court_n can_v be_v and_o by_o and_o by_o after_o prudentius_n prudentius_n infirma_fw-la minoris_fw-la vox_fw-la cedat_fw-la numeri_fw-la parvaque_fw-la in_o parte_fw-la quiescat_fw-la of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v xenophon_n who_o will_v have_v all_o thing_n do_v according_a to_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o suffragans_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n do_v as_o well_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v as_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n understand_v that_o of_o moses_n exod._n 23.2_o neither_o shall_v thou_o speak_v in_o a_o cause_n to_o decline_v after_o many_o to_o wrest_v judgement_n which_o the_o say_a paraphra_v render_v thus_o neither_o shall_v thou_o cease_v to_o speak_v thy_o own_o mind_n in_o judgement_n juxta_fw-la sententiam_fw-la plurimorum_fw-la perfice_fw-la judicium_fw-la according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o give_v judgement_n xviii_o which_o part_n carry_v the_o sentence_n when_o the_o vote_n be_v equal_a but_o if_o the_o sentence_n be_v equal_o balance_v nothing_o can_v be_v do_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n of_o moment_n sufficient_a to_o cast_v the_o scale_n in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o sentence_n be_v equal_a the_o accuse_a shall_v be_v hold_v innocent_a and_o this_o the_o greek_n call_v the_o suffrage_n of_o minerva_n as_o aeschylus_n and_o euripides_n inform_v we_o so_o where_o the_o judge_n be_v equal_o divide_v in_o opinion_n possessor_n rem_fw-la tenet_fw-la the_o right_n go_v with_o the_o possession_n say_v aristotle_n and_o seneca_n in_o one_o of_o his_o controversy_n say_v the_o same_o one_o judge_n condemn_v and_o another_o absolve_n sen._n orestes_n electra_n arist_n probl._n sect._n 29._o non_fw-fr est_fw-fr invidiosa_fw-la potestas_fw-la quae_fw-la misericordia_fw-la vincit_fw-la sen._n where_o the_o judge_n be_v equal_a and_o their_o judgement_n so_o unequal_a the_o mild_a sentence_n must_v prevail_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n say_v seneca_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v envy_v that_o power_n which_o overcome_v only_o by_o show_v mercy_n nay_o the_o jew_n go_v yet_o further_o for_o if_o the_o condemn_a part_n have_v but_o one_o single_a vote_n more_o than_o the_o absolve_a part_n it_o stand_v for_o nothing_o as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o exodus_fw-la before_o cite_v and_o by_o other_o for_o so_o also_o in_o all_o logical_a collection_n the_o inference_n follow_v that_o part_n which_o be_v least_o grievous_a xix_o where_o the_o question_n be_v not_o agree_v unto_o what_o be_v to_o be_v conjoin_v and_o what_o divide_v but_o here_o another_o question_n arise_v namely_o when_o and_o what_o sentence_n be_v to_o be_v conjoin_v and_o what_o to_o be_v divide_v wherein_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o that_o be_v if_o no_o law_n or_o covenant_n have_v otherwise_o determine_v we_o ought_v to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o opinion_n or_o sentence_n as_o be_v altogether_o inconsistent_a and_o differ_v in_o the_o whole_a and_o such_o as_o differ_v only_o in_o part_n that_o so_o these_o latter_a may_v conjoin_v in_o that_o wherein_o they_o agree_v though_o the_o former_a can_v and_o therefore_o where_o the_o question_n to_o be_v argue_v wrap_v up_o many_o thing_n together_o it_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o discuss_v in_o part_n thus_o seneca_n when_o another_o man_n deliver_v his_o opinion_n in_o a_o question_n whereunto_o i_o consent_v in_o part_n only_o i_o desire_v he_o to_o divide_v that_o wherein_o i_o agree_v with_o he_o from_o that_o wherein_o i_o disagree_v and_o i_o shall_v then_o join_v with_o he_o part_n where_o the_o question_n be_v not_o assent_v unto_o it_o be_v to_o be_v dispute_v in_o part_n as_o for_o example_n they_o that_o adjudge_v a_o delinquent_a to_o pay_v twenty_o pound_n and_o they_o that_o adjudge_v he_o to_o pay_v but_o ten_o pound_n may_v unite_v in_o the_o ten_o against_o they_o that_o will_v acquit_v he_o but_o they_o that_o censure_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n and_o they_o that_o censure_v he_o to_o banishment_n can_v be_v reconcile_v because_o death_n and_o banishment_n be_v inconsistent_a neither_o can_v that_o part_n that_o will_v absolve_v he_o join_v with_o those_o that_o will_v banish_v he_o for_o though_o they_o both_o agree_v that_o he_o deserve_v not_o death_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o express_v in_o the_o sentence_n but_o deducible_a from_o it_o by_o consequence_n aristonem_fw-la lib._n 8._o ep._n ad_fw-la aristonem_fw-la for_o he_o that_o will_v banish_v do_v not_o absolve_v it_o be_v therefore_o well_o observe_v by_o pliny_n that_o when_o there_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v such_o a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n in_o a_o free_a assembly_n concern_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o they_o can_v be_v include_v in_o any_o one_o question_n they_o must_v divide_v the_o matter_n into_o several_a and_o distinct_a question_n for_o it_o avail_v but_o little_a that_o two_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o three_o if_o in_o nothing_o they_o agree_v between_o themselves_o polybius_n just_o tax_v posthumius_fw-la the_o praetor_n with_o fraud_n when_o in_o demand_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o senate_n concern_v the_o grecian_a captive_n he_o join_v together_o those_o that_o condemn_v they_o and_o those_o that_o will_v have_v have_v they_o detain_v as_o prisoner_n for_o a_o while_n only_o against_o those_o that_o will_v have_v release_v they_o such_o a_o question_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o gellius_n 365._o lib._n 9_o c._n 15._o declam_fw-la 365._o and_o another_o in_o quintilian_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o of_o seven_o judge_n what_o punishment_n the_o major_a part_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o decree_v the_o malefactor_n shall_v suffer_v two_o adjudge_v he_o to_o banishment_n and_o two_o to_o be_v brand_v with_o infamy_n and_o three_o to_o death_n and_o when_o the_o person_n so_o adjudge_v plead_v that_o four_o of_o his_o judge_n agree_v that_o he_o shall_v live_v and_o three_o only_a that_o he_o shall_v die_v the_o accuser_n desire_v he_o to_o recite_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o four_o and_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o say_v two_o sentence_v i_o to_o banishment_n and_o two_o to_o ignominy_n he_o be_v present_o answer_v by_o his_o adversary_n that_o of_o two_o sentence_n he_o make_v but_o one_o and_o that_o that_o number_n which_o be_v unite_v have_v preserve_v he_o be_v divide_v destroy_v he_o and_o how_o can_v they_o be_v unite_v that_o so_o express_o divide_v themselves_o xx._n the_o right_a of_o the_o absent_a remain_v with_o the_o present_a whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v add_v this_o that_o in_o all_o assembly_n the_o right_a of_o those_o that_o either_o by_o absence_n or_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v hinder_v from_o make_v use_n of_o their_o right_n be_v devolve_v on_o those_o that_o be_v present_a yea_o sometime_o even_o to_o one_o single_a person_n who_o sole_a act_n shall_v be_v repute_v the_o act_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o say_v seneca_n think_v thyself_o to_o be_v the_o common_a servant_n 3._o de_fw-fr coner_n l._n 3._o yet_o shall_v thou_o serve_v that_o master_n that_o be_v present_a yet_o herein_o also_o as_o well_o as_o in_o that_o general_a rule_n of_o plurality_n of_o vote_n humane_a law_n do_v make_v some_o exception_n as_o namely_o when_o they_o require_v that_o so_o many_o shall_v be_v present_a to_o make_v a_o court_n as_o in_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o or_o that_o the_o person_n absent_a may_v give_v their_o vote_n by_o their_o proxy_n as_o in_o our_o house_n of_o peer_n xxi_o what_o order_n be_v to_o be_v use_v among_o person_n equal_a the_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v this_o that_o among_o equal_n he_o shall_v be_v esteem_v the_o first_o that_o first_o enter_v into_o that_o society_n for_o so_o we_o find_v it_o be_v among_o brethren_n the_o elder_a always_o precede_v the_o rest_n and_o after_o he_o the_o second_o etc._n etc._n notwithstanding_o all_o other_o qualification_n all_o brother_n be_v equal_a say_v aristotle_n it_o be_v only_o their_o age_n that_o make_v they_o unequal_a theodosius_n and_o valens_n in_o design_v the_o order_n that_o shall_v be_v observe_v among_o consul_n say_v of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o honour_n who_o shall_v precede_v but_o they_o that_o be_v first_o think_v worthy_a of_o that_o honour_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n among_o christian_a king_n and_o state_n be_v
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
altogether_o discharge_v of_o the_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o he_o as_o a_o father_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o alienation_n but_o yet_o he_o may_v commit_v his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n to_o be_v feed_v and_o educate_v by_o way_n of_o substitution_n xxvii_o what_o power_n lord_n have_v over_o their_o slave_n the_o most_o ignoble_a of_o all_o subjection_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o man_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o perfect_a slavery_n such_o be_v they_o among_o the_o german_n of_o who_o tacitus_n speak_v that_o sell_v themselves_o for_o food_n and_o raiment_n and_o of_o such_o there_o be_v great_a number_n among_o the_o grecian_n who_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n note_v of_o freeman_n become_v slave_n and_o perform_v their_o service_n according_a to_o article_n of_o agreement_n now_o that_o we_o call_v perfect_a bondage_n which_o tie_v a_o man_n during_o life_n to_o perform_v all_o manner_n of_o work_n for_o no_o other_o reward_n but_o food_n and_o clothing_n which_o if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o whatsoever_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v grieve_v at_o for_o our_o continual_a labour_n be_v indifferent_o well_o recompense_v with_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n which_o they_o that_o hire_v out_o themselves_o by_o the_o day_n only_o do_v often_o want_v this_o the_o stoic_a possidonius_fw-la observe_v out_o of_o history_n that_o many_o in_o ancient_a time_n conscious_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n to_o maintain_v themselves_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o be_v command_v by_o other_o constant_o perform_v what_o they_o be_v able_a and_o receive_v from_o their_o lord_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o like_o he_o in_o plautus_n if_o i_o be_v free_a the_o charge_n be_v i_o but_o be_v bind_v that_o charge_n be_v thou_o xxviii_o whether_o this_o power_n extend_v to_o life_n and_o death_n no_o lord_n can_v have_v absolute_a power_n over_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o his_o slave_n if_o we_o respect_v internal_a justice_n for_o no_o man_n can_v take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o and_o be_v guiltless_a unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o capital_a crime_n commit_v and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o nation_n he_o that_o shall_v kill_v his_o slave_n for_o what_o cause_n soever_o be_v indemnify_v as_o king_n be_v in_o all_o nation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vast_a and_o unlimited_a power_n for_o as_o seneca_n note_n if_o a_o servant_n dare_v not_o plead_v with_o his_o master_n for_o fear_n of_o suffer_v the_o worst_a of_o torment_n 22._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 22._o no_o more_o dare_v subject_n with_o their_o prince_n nor_o soldier_n with_o their_o general_n who_o have_v all_o of_o they_o equal_a right_n though_o under_o unequal_a title_n no_o master_n then_o have_v a_o just_a power_n to_o injure_v his_o slave_n but_o only_o as_o that_o be_v sometime_o improper_o call_v just_o which_o be_v do_v be_v not_o punishable_a such_o a_o right_o do_v solon_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o own_o child_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n witness_v that_o of_o sopater_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o be_v a_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o child_n if_o they_o offend_v for_o the_o law_n presume_v upon_o the_o father_n integrity_n have_v permit_v such_o a_o right_n unto_o he_o the_o like_a power_n say_v dion_z we_o find_v permit_v in_o many_o nation_n famous_a for_o wise_a and_o wholesome_a law_n xxix_o of_o the_o child_n of_o slave_n that_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o their_o master_n family_n slave_n vide_fw-la infra_fw-la ch._n 8._o §._o 18._o pliny_n l._n 10._o c._n 34._o de_fw-la columbis_fw-la lex_fw-la visigothica_n the_o sclavonian_a law_n judge_v the_o child_n by_o the_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n littleton_n de_fw-fr villanagio_n the_o roman_a law_n what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o parent_n can_v maintain_v the_o child_n but_o at_o the_o lord_n charge_v the_o child_n be_v a_o slave_n but_o of_o the_o child_n of_o captive_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o slave_n in_o their_o lord_n family_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n concern_v captive_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v as_o of_o brute_n beast_n so_o of_o people_n of_o a_o servile_a condition_n it_o hold_v true_a that_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la as_o be_v the_o mother_n so_o be_v the_o child_n but_o this_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o altogether_o congruous_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n especial_o where_o the_o father_n of_o the_o child_n may_v be_v sufficient_o know_v for_o since_o even_o among_o dumb_a creature_n as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o dove_n amor_fw-la utrique_fw-la sobolis_fw-la aequalis_fw-la both_o parent_n be_v equal_o concern_v for_o their_o own_o young_a thereby_o acknowledge_v their_o common_a interest_n in_o they_o so_o also_o have_v not_o the_o civil_a law_n otherwise_o determine_v the_o child_n have_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o father_n no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o mother_n for_o if_o the_o son_n say_v the_o visigothick_n law_n be_v bear_v and_o create_v by_o both_o parent_n why_o shall_v he_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o who_o without_o the_o father_n can_v not_o beget_v he_o among_o the_o sclavonian_n as_o also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o italy_n among_o the_o lombard_n and_o saxon_n the_o child_n be_v account_v either_o bond_n or_o free_a from_o their_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n judge_n of_o the_o child_n not_o by_o the_o mother_n but_o by_o the_o father_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v but_o one_o person_n in_o our_o law_n and_o the_o wife_n marry_v a_o freeman_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o issue_n be_v free_a which_o law_n though_o different_a from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n yet_o as_o aquinus_n note_n do_v not_o much_o deviate_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o not_o since_o among_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o mensian_a law_n if_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v alien_n the_o child_n bear_v of_o they_o be_v so_o too_o as_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o now_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v slave_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n to_o know_v whether_o natural_o the_o child_n be_v so_o or_o not_o and_o certain_o if_o the_o parent_n have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o the_o child_n but_o in_o their_o lord_n family_n or_o at_o his_o charge_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o a_o slave_n for_o although_o the_o child_n be_v ingenuous_a and_o freeborn_a yet_o in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o have_v power_n by_o the_o law_n to_o sell_v he_o and_o in_o case_n the_o parent_n be_v servant_n to_o several_a master_n then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o child_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v between_o their_o respective_a lord_n but_o if_o they_o have_v but_o one_o child_n then_o of_o right_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o slave_n the_o father_n be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n be_v first_o satisfy_v for_o his_o half_a part_n and_o yet_o of_o the_o child_n of_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o house_n of_o his_o lord_n two_o part_n do_v accrue_v to_o his_o lord_n and_o but_o one_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n according_a to_o the_o edict_n of_o theodoric_n not_o otherwise_o not_o as_o cassiodore_n record_v now_o whereas_o i_o say_v before_o that_o the_o parent_n if_o they_o have_v not_o any_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o their_o child_n but_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o lord_n may_v deliver_v they_o up_o unto_o he_o as_o his_o slave_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o power_n do_v natural_o arise_v from_o their_o supply_v they_o with_o food_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n as_o where_o there_o be_v other_o mean_n to_o breed_v they_o they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o charles_n the_o bald_a wherefore_o the_o right_a that_o these_o lord_n have_v in_o the_o child_n of_o their_o bond-servant_n spring_n from_o the_o many_o year_n alimony_n that_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o lord_n before_o they_o can_v be_v serviceable_a to_o he_o which_o they_o be_v to_o recompense_v by_o their_o future_a labour_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o parent_n can_v dispose_v of_o they_o to_o any_o other_o man_n neither_o may_v the_o servant_n flee_v from_o his_o lord_n until_o full_a satisfaction_n be_v give_v unto_o that_o lord_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o education_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v too_o unmerciful_o cruel_a then_o that_o even_o they_o who_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o as_o slave_n may_v provide_v for_o their_o
a_o intestate_a to_o who_o it_o natural_o descend_v dominion_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o which_o natural_o guide_v the_o succession_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o person_n die_v intestate_a set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a for_o see_v that_o the_o force_n of_o dominion_n be_v such_o that_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n unto_o another_o therefore_o in_o case_n a_o man_n die_v possess_v of_o a_o estate_n leave_v nothing_o to_o testify_v his_o mind_n after_o his_o death_n because_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o he_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o he_o that_o can_v next_o catch_v it_o therefore_o shall_v it_o succeed_v to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v it_o have_v he_o live_v to_o have_v declare_v it_o defunctorum_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la intellexisse_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la est_fw-la say_v pliny_n junior_n to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n 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haereditatem_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la debitam_fw-la expectant_a our_o child_n look_v for_o our_o estate_n as_o due_a unto_o they_o after_o our_o death_n so_o great_a be_v the_o equity_n of_o this_o reason_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la vita_fw-la cler_n &_o ser_n 52._o ad_fw-la frat_fw-la in_o eremo_fw-la gratian._n c._n 13._o q._n 2._o etc._n etc._n 17._o q._n 4._o in_o fine_a pers_n l._n 1._o second_o reason_n that_o st._n augustine_n will_v not_o admit_v that_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o have_v exheredate_v their_o own_o child_n shall_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o church_n and_o as_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n observe_v though_o humane_a law_n do_v in_o other_o thing_n extreme_o differ_v one_o from_o another_o yet_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o romans_z as_o barbarian_n in_o this_o agree_v that_o child_n shall_v succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n as_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o what_o they_o leave_v again_o qui_fw-la formam_fw-la that_fw-mi that_fw-mi quae_fw-la ad_fw-la formam_fw-la sunt_fw-la necessaria_fw-la he_o that_o give_v the_o form_n give_v thing_n necessary_a to_o that_o form_n say_v aristotle_n therefore_o he_o that_o give_v man_n his_o existence_n aught_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o provide_v for_o he_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o natural_a and_o social_n life_n for_o hereunto_o he_o be_v bear_v there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o bind_v we_o to_o this_o duty_n for_o all_o other_o creature_n even_o by_o nature_n instinct_n do_v feed_v their_o young_a as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o swallow_n that_o with_o great_a equity_n they_o feed_v their_o little_a one_o by_o turn_n summa_fw-la aequitate_fw-la alternant_fw-la cibum_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a civilian_n do_v refer_v the_o education_n of_o child_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n comprehend_v all_o creature_n under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n which_o say_v he_o be_v common_a as_o well_o to_o man_n among_o themselves_o as_o to_o they_o with_o all_o other_o sensible_a creature_n for_o that_o which_o natural_a instinct_n commend_v to_o they_o the_o same_o do_v reason_n prescribe_v unto_o we_o of_o such_o force_n be_v natural_a affection_n that_o it_o easy_o persuade_v we_o to_o nourish_v our_o child_n say_v justinian_n nature_n be_v a_o indulgent_a mistress_n to_o all_o live_a creature_n equal_o instruct_v they_o how_o to_o conserve_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o that_o so_o by_o this_o successive_a charity_n she_o may_v aspire_v to_o make_v herself_o immortal_a quintilian_n bring_v in_o the_o son_n claim_v a_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pâ—to_fw-la partem_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la pâ—to_fw-la and_o sallust_n condemn_v that_o testament_n as_o impious_a and_o unnatural_a by_o which_o the_o son_n be_v exclude_v from_o his_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n and_o because_o this_o be_v a_o debt_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o nature_n therefore_o be_v the_o mother_n bind_v to_o nourish_v the_o child_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a father_n bastard_n the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o bastard_n and_o though_o the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o child_n ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la legibus_fw-la concubitu_fw-la that_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o that_o by_o solon_n law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o natural_a issue_n yet_o do_v the_o canon_n of_o our_o religion_n correct_v the_o severity_n of_o these_o law_n by_o teach_v we_o that_o our_o child_n however_o beget_v by_o we_o shall_v be_v a_o part_n of_o our_o care_n and_o that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v needful_a they_o beyond_o necessary_n no_o man_n bind_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o leave_v they_o enough_o to_o preserve_v that_o life_n which_o we_o give_v they_o but_o beyond_o necessary_n be_v no_o man_n bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o provide_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v we_o bind_v to_o nourish_v our_o son_n only_o but_o those_o also_o that_o proceed_v from_o they_o yea_o even_o to_o the_o three_o generation_n according_a to_o justinian_n and_o that_o for_o humanity_n sake_n neither_o shall_v our_o charity_n rest_n here_o but_o it_o shall_v extend_v itself_o even_o unto_o those_o who_o issue_n out_o of_o our_o loin_n and_o be_v bear_v unto_o we_o by_o strange_a woman_n if_o they_o can_v otherwise_o be_v maintain_v v._o in_o succession_n the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o parent_n and_o why_o child_n ought_v also_o to_o nourish_v their_o parent_n not_o only_o in_o obedience_n to_o many_o wholesome_a law_n but_o in_o common_a gratitude_n like_o the_o stork_n who_o when_o their_o parent_n be_v spend_v with_o age_n feed_v they_o and_o be_v faint_a receive_v they_o on_o their_o back_n and_o carry_v they_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o therefore_o in_o foster_a those_z who_o when_o we_o be_v child_n foster_v we_o we_o be_v proverbial_o say_v to_o imitate_v the_o stork_n 8._o stork_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reverence_n to_o parent_n and_o sustenance_n to_o child_n nic._n 8._o solon_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o set_v a_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o those_o that_o do_v it_o not_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o so_o ordinary_a as_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v of_o child_n because_o child_n when_o they_o be_v bear_v bring_v nothing_o into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o whereby_o to_o live_v and_o have_v probable_o a_o long_a time_n to_o live_v here_o than_o their_o parent_n have_v and_o as_o honour_v and_o obedience_n be_v proper_o due_a to_o parent_n and_o not_o to_o child_n so_o be_v sustentation_n due_a rather_o to_o child_n than_o to_o parent_n and_o thus_o be_v lucian_n to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n for_o
parent_n to_o love_v their_o child_n than_o for_o child_n their_o parent_n and_o that_o also_o of_o aristotle_n that_o which_o beget_v be_v always_o better_o affect_v to_o the_o thing_n beget_v than_o that_o which_o be_v beget_v can_v be_v to_o the_o begetter_n for_o that_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v our_o own_o which_o derive_v its_o be_v from_o we_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o without_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o first_o succession_n to_o the_o good_n of_o the_o parent_n be_v transmit_v to_o their_o child_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o next_o after_o themselves_o they_o will_v that_o those_o bear_v of_o they_o as_o be_v part_n of_o their_o own_o body_n shall_v be_v plentiful_o supply_v with_o all_o thing_n not_o only_o necessary_a for_o life_n but_o for_o a_o more_o honest_a and_o comfortable_a livelihood_n insomuch_o that_o be_v all_o humane_a law_n asleep_o yet_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n observe_v will_v natural_a reason_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a law_n adjudge_v the_o father_n inheritance_n unto_o his_o child_n and_o invest_v they_o in_o it_o as_o their_o due_a by_o a_o undoubted_a succession_n but_o yet_o as_o papinianus_n note_n can_v parent_n claim_v the_o estate_n of_o their_o child_n by_o the_o same_o right_n as_o child_n do_v the_o inheritance_n of_o their_o parent_n for_o parent_n be_v admit_v to_o their_o child_n good_n mere_o out_o of_o commiseration_n but_o child_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o parent_n by_o the_o common_a vote_n that_o be_v both_o of_o nature_n and_o of_o their_o parent_n philo_z in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n give_v this_o reason_n why_o moses_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o parent_n out_o of_o their_o child_n estate_n because_o see_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v provide_v that_o child_n shall_v succeed_v their_o parent_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o not_o parent_n their_o child_n therefore_o do_v moses_n pass_v over_o in_o silence_n what_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o desire_n of_o all_o parent_n and_o may_v prove_v unlucky_a hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o parent_n descend_v upon_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n partly_o as_o a_o mere_a debt_n of_o nature_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o their_o parent_n that_o their_o own_o child_n shall_v be_v best_o provide_v for_o 9_o lib._n 5._o c._n 9_o sanguini_fw-la honorem_fw-la relinquit_fw-la say_v val._n max._n of_o quintus_n hortensius_n his_o honour_n he_o bequeath_v to_o his_o blood_n for_o though_o he_o detest_v the_o wicked_a life_n of_o his_o son_n yet_o die_v ne_o ordinem_fw-la naturae_fw-la confunderet_fw-la non_fw-la nepotes_fw-la sed_fw-la filium_fw-la haeredem_fw-la scripsit_fw-la to_o preserve_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n he_o make_v his_o son_n and_o not_o his_o nephew_n heir_n to_o his_o estate_n think_v it_o enough_o that_o he_o have_v declare_v his_o dislike_n of_o his_o son_n ill_a manner_n while_o he_o live_v and_o therefore_o die_a ib._n ib._n he_o leave_v he_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o his_o blood_n the_o like_a he_o record_v of_o fulvius_n who_o cause_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v apprehend_v for_o conspire_v his_o death_n do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o prosecute_v he_o while_o he_o live_v but_o die_v dominum_fw-la omnium_fw-la esse_fw-la voluit_fw-la quem_fw-la genuerat_fw-la haeredem_fw-la iâ—â—â—ituens_fw-la non_fw-la quem_fw-la fuerat_fw-la expertus_fw-la make_v he_o heir_n of_o all_o he_o have_v regard_v his_o birth_n and_o blood_n and_o not_o his_o crime_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n child_n do_v not_o lay_v up_o for_o their_o parent_n 12.14_o 2_o cor._n 12.14_o but_o parent_n for_o their_o child_n vi_o of_o representative_a succession_n now_o because_o it_o be_v thus_o natural_a and_o ordinary_a for_o parent_n to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o child_n education_n therefore_o while_o they_o live_v there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n upon_o the_o grand_a parent_n to_o give_v they_o maintenance_n yet_o in_o case_n the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n die_v or_o be_v otherwise_o disable_v than_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n which_o in_o all_o equity_n the_o parent_n of_o the_o decease_a son_n or_o daughter_n be_v oblige_v unto_o to_o see_v their_o nephew_n or_o niece_n virtuous_o bring_v up_o and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o the_o parent_n of_o more_o remote_a degree_n if_o these_o fail_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o the_o nephew_n to_o inherit_v the_o estate_n instead_o of_o a_o decease_a son_n as_o ulpian_n speak_v which_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o hebrew_n saying_n filius_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o sepulchro_fw-la succedit_fw-la that_o the_o son_n succeed_v though_o in_o his_o grave_n because_o filii_fw-la filiorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la silij_fw-la the_o son_n of_o that_o dead_a son_n be_v repute_v son_n and_o as_o modestinus_n speak_v shall_v fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a place_n of_o their_o dead_a father_n justinian_n think_v nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o that_o the_o nephew_n shall_v succeed_v instead_o of_o the_o decease_a father_n in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o grandfather_n in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a and_o this_o kind_n of_o vice-succession_n our_o modern_a civilian_n do_v affect_o call_v representative_a when_o the_o son_n claim_v a_o estate_n by_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o their_o father_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o that_o manner_n of_o right_n be_v approve_v of_o among_o the_o hebrew_n the_o division_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n among_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v as_o our_o son_n and_o daughter_n be_v near_a unto_o we_o in_o blood_n so_o be_v those_o who_o be_v bear_v of_o either_o of_o they_o as_o demosthenes_n observe_v in_o his_o oration_n against_o macartatus_n vii_o abdication_n or_o exheredation_n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n arise_v from_o our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v of_o force_n if_o there_o appear_v no_o certain_a sign_n that_o he_o be_v otherwise_o mind_v such_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v among_o the_o grecian_n a_o abdication_n or_o a_o manifest_a renounce_n or_o cast_v off_o of_o the_o person_n claim_v and_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o open_a disinherit_n of_o he_o yet_o so_o that_o if_o that_o person_n do_v not_o by_o his_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n he_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v nature_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a viii_o the_o right_n of_o bastard_n and_o here_o we_o may_v add_v another_o exception_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n that_o be_v if_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o such_o a_o son_n or_o daughter_n be_v beget_v by_o he_o but_o yet_o we_o know_v that_o of_o such_o matter_n of_o fact_n there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n but_o of_o such_o act_n as_o be_v public_o do_v before_o man_n there_o may_v be_v some_o certainty_n upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o in_o which_o sense_n the_o mother_n may_v be_v certain_a that_o the_o child_n be_v she_o by_o those_o who_o be_v present_a at_o its_o birth_n and_o education_n but_o thus_o certain_o can_v a_o father_n be_v which_o homer_n first_o and_o after_o he_o menander_n thus_o intimate_v know_v direct_o no_o man_n can_v from_o what_o stock_n himself_o first_o spring_v and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n he_o thus_o distinguish_v between_o the_o parent_n father_n do_v love_v their_o child_n mother_n dote_v she_o know_v they_o she_o but_o this_o he_o take_v by_o rote_n therefore_o some_o way_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o appear_v who_o the_o father_n of_o every_o child_n be_v and_o this_o be_v marriage_n take_v in_o its_o natural_a term_n that_o be_v for_o such_o a_o cohabitation_n as_o place_v the_o woman_n under_o the_o custody_n or_o safeguard_n of_o the_o man_n but_o whether_o by_o this_o or_o some_o other_o way_n the_o true_a father_n of_o the_o child_n be_v know_v or_o that_o any_o man_n do_v own_o the_o child_n as_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o child_n as_o well_o as_o that_o bear_v in_o marriage_n shall_v inherit_v neither_o be_v this_o strange_a see_v that_o we_o see_v mere_a stranger_n be_v adopt_v for_o son_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o jnheritance_n only_o by_o conjecture_n at_o the_o owner_n will_n and_o the_o nephew_n instead_o of_o the_o father_n as_o old_a jacob_n adopt_v ephraim_n and_o manasses_n into_o the_o number_n of_o his_o son_n in_o the_o stead_n of_o their_o father_n joseph_n but_o our_o natural_a issue_n be_v difference_v from_o our_o legitimate_a by_o law_n only_o so_o euripides_n bastard_n no_o less_o than_o those_o in_o wedlock_n bear_v be_v we_o although_o by_o law_n
they_o be_v leave_v forlorn_a and_o yet_o may_v those_o also_o be_v adopt_v son_n if_o the_o law_n forbid_v not_o as_o it_o be_v ancient_o permit_v among_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o law_n of_o anastasius_n but_o afterward_o in_o favour_n to_o lawful_a marriage_n there_o be_v a_o more_o difficult_a way_n find_v to_o make_v bastard_n equal_a to_o such_o as_o be_v legitimate_a namely_o by_o the_o free_a offer_n of_o the_o court_n when_o they_o say_v cause_n or_o by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o child_n thus_o do_v old_a jacob_n adopt_v his_o natural_a son_n s_o make_v they_o equal_a to_o his_o legitimate_a and_o give_v they_o equal_a share_n in_o his_o inheritance_n but_o the_o contrary_n may_v sometime_o happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n but_o even_o by_o agreement_n when_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o both_o party_n before_o that_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o that_o wedlock_n shall_v receive_v only_a aliment_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o such_o a_o marriage_n the_o hebrew_n call_v concubinary_a although_o make_v with_o a_o freewoman_n such_o be_v that_o of_o abraham_n with_o keturah_n call_v therefore_o his_o concubine_n gen._n 25.6_o who_o child_n together_o with_o ishmael_n the_o son_n of_o agar_n his_o bondmaid_n be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v gift_n that_o be_v legacy_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n so_o it_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o mexican_n who_o give_v all_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n but_o nothing_o to_o the_o rest_n but_o sustenance_n only_o and_o not_o much_o better_a be_v second_o marriage_n in_o brabant_n where_o the_o child_n by_o the_o second_o venture_n have_v no_o propriety_n in_o the_o estate_n which_o the_o father_n hold_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o former_a wife_n the_o like_a law_n we_o find_v among_o the_o ancient_a burgundian_n ix_o if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o who_o shall_v the_o estate_n descend_v tribe_n the_o father_n estate_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o mother_n to_o she_o the_o ancient_a estate_n to_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o tribe_n if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o withal_o intestate_a on_o who_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v determine_v there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n wherein_o the_o law_n do_v more_o differ_v all_o which_o difference_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v reduce_v under_o two_o head_n whereof_o the_o one_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n the_o other_o to_o the_o several_a spring-head_n from_o whence_o it_o descend_v that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o relation_n and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o mother_n to_o she_o but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o that_o late_o purchase_v that_o of_o plato_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a ego_fw-la legum_n conditor_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o be_v a_o law_n giver_n say_v he_o do_v ordain_v that_o neither_o your_o person_n nor_o patrimonial_a estate_n be_v in_o your_o own_o power_n full_o but_o your_o stock_n and_o lineage_n have_v a_o right_a thereunto_o as_o well_o they_o that_o now_o be_v as_o they_o that_o be_v to_o come_v whereby_o it_o seem_v that_o plato_n will_v have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o ancient_a inheritance_n preserve_v entire_a for_o that_o tribe_n or_o kindred_n by_o which_o it_o come_v which_o i_o will_v not_o have_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o it_o be_v not_o natural_o lawful_a to_o dispose_v of_o any_o good_n that_o descend_v unto_o we_o from_o either_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n otherwise_o for_o sometime_o to_o relieve_v the_o want_n of_o a_o friend_n who_o have_v well_o deserve_v of_o we_o be_v not_o only_o commendable_a but_o necessary_a but_o that_o in_o a_o case_n ambiguous_a it_o may_v appear_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v for_o we_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o that_o die_v have_v at_o his_o death_n a_o full_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n but_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o retain_v this_o right_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o will_v not_o altogether_o lose_v that_o right_n whereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v his_o friend_n it_o concern_v we_o to_o inquire_v in_o what_o order_n this_o benefit_n shall_v natural_o descend_v wherein_o that_o of_o aristotle_n be_v most_o rational_a potius_fw-la est_fw-la gratiam_fw-la referri_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la benefecit_fw-la quam_fw-la amico_fw-la confer_v beneficium_fw-la that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o return_v thanks_o to_o our_o benefactor_n than_o to_o oblige_v new_a friend_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v true_o there_o be_v no_o duty_n so_o necessary_a as_o that_o of_o gratitude_n oblige_v our_o benefactor_n be_v first_o to_o be_v gratify_v and_o then_o our_o friend_n oblige_v for_o since_o liberality_n have_v but_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o be_v to_o do_v good_a the_o other_o to_o repay_v good_a the_o former_a we_o may_v do_v if_o we_o will_v but_o the_o latter_a we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o will_v be_v honest_a and_o can_v do_v it_o without_o injure_v any_o so_o st._n ambrose_n it_o become_v every_o man_n to_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n unto_o he_o from_o who_o we_o have_v receive_v a_o courtesy_n than_o unto_o other_o and_o present_o after_o what_o can_v be_v more_o against_o our_o duty_n than_o not_o to_o return_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v now_o our_o gratitude_n be_v express_v either_o to_o the_o live_n or_o 〈◊〉_d the_o dead_a as_o lisias_n observe_v in_o his_o funeral_n oration_n it_o be_v show_v in_o do_v good_a to_o their_o child_n be_v natural_o the_o survive_a part_n of_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o their_o parent_n if_o live_v will_v have_v be_v most_o beneficent_a in_o i_o confere_n quicquid_fw-la in_o liberos_fw-la meos_fw-la contuleris_fw-la say_v the_o fisherman_n in_o procopius_n 1._o procop._n pers_n 1._o who_o be_v about_o to_o adventure_v his_o life_n against_o a_o dogfish_n to_o gain_v a_o very_a great_a pearl_n for_o the_o emperor_n cosroe_n that_o be_v the_o best_a gratitude_n that_o be_v show_v to_o the_o dead_a for_o what_o o_o emperor_n thou_o shall_v confer_v on_o my_o child_n if_o i_o perish_v thou_o bestow_v upon_o i_o and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n do_v they_o walk_v who_o frame_v the_o justinian_n law_n in_o that_o question_n concern_v whole_a and_o half_a brother_n and_o in_o that_o concern_v cousin_n in_o blood_n and_o in_o some_o other_o brother_n say_v aristotle_n do_v love_n each_o other_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o parent_n ortus_fw-la communis_fw-la ipsos_fw-la quasi_fw-la eosdem_fw-la facit_fw-la one_o common_a blood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v make_v they_o almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o whence_o frater_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la fere_n alter_fw-la a_o brother_n be_v but_o almost_o another_o or_o as_o one_o cast_v in_o the_o same_o mould_n for_o as_o the_o high_a bond_n of_o love_n be_v deserve_o that_o which_o child_n owe_v their_o parent_n 5._o val._n max._n lib._n 5._o c._n 5._o from_o who_o they_o receive_v the_o most_o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n as_o their_o life_n and_o livelihood_n so_o the_o next_o be_v that_o of_o brethren_n to_o each_o other_o as_o have_v receive_v the_o same_o benefit_n together_o from_o the_o same_o parent_n and_o therefore_o for_o brethren_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o succeed_v one_o another_o be_v according_a to_o justin_n the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o case_n he_o from_o who_o the_o good_n last_v descend_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v nor_o any_o of_o his_o child_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o thanks_o be_v pay_v to_o they_o to_o who_o though_o not_o so_o much_o yet_o next_o after_o he_o they_o be_v notwithstanding_o due_a namely_o to_o the_o parent_n of_o the_o next_o degree_n above_o he_o and_o to_o his_o child_n especial_o see_v by_o this_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v continue_v between_o the_o kinsman_n both_o of_o he_o who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o of_o he_o from_o who_o the_o say_v good_n first_o descend_v so_o the_o same_o aristotle_n cousin_n germane_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o kinsfolk_n be_v link_v together_o by_o their_o parent_n as_o be_v bear_v of_o one_o common_a stock_n yet_o so_o as_o some_o be_v more_o near_o ally_v than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a birth_n thus_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n the_o uncle_n succeed_v after_o the_o brother_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o first_o owner_n than_o the_o brother_n child_n numb_a 27.10_o 11._o x._o a_o estate_n late_o gain_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n but_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v but_o late_o acquire_v because_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n of_o thankfulness_n
principal_o rely_v for_o in_o persia_n that_o xerxes_n the_o postnate_a son_n be_v prefer_v before_o artabazanes_n the_o antenate_n be_v more_o by_o the_o power_n of_o atossa_n his_o mother_n than_o by_o true_a right_n as_o herodotus_n observe_v for_o in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n when_o the_o same_o controversy_n afterward_o arise_v between_o artaxerxes_n mnemon_n and_o cyrus_n the_o son_n of_o darius_n and_o parisardis_n artaxerxes_n the_o first-born_a though_o beget_v by_o his_o father_n in_o his_o private_a condition_n be_v notwithstanding_o salute_v king_n unless_o we_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o ammianus_n have_v deliver_v unto_o we_o that_o the_o succession_n to_o that_o monarchy_n do_v much_o depend_v upon_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n confine_v only_o within_o the_o royal_a stock_n xxx_o whether_o the_o nephew_n by_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n it_o be_v no_o less_o dispute_v both_o by_o war_n and_o single_a combat_n whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n his_o father_n be_v dead_a shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o second_o brother_n but_o this_o in_o a_o lineal_a descent_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o dispute_n for_o herein_o be_v the_o dead_a reckon_v as_o live_v in_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o transfer_v a_o right_n to_o their_o child_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v doubtless_o in_o such_o a_o succession_n be_v prefer_v without_o any_o exception_n make_v to_o his_o age_n yea_o and_o where_o the_o succession_n be_v cognatical_a the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o uncle_n because_o in_o such_o succession_n neither_o sex_n nor_o age_n shall_v make_v we_o to_o decline_v the_o right_a line_n but_o in_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o divisible_a there_o shall_v each_o have_v a_o share_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o right_a of_o representation_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o receive_v as_o of_o old_a among_o many_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o nephew_n have_v be_v admit_v before_o their_o uncle_n but_o where_o it_o once_o come_v into_o debate_n sure_o the_o nephew_n case_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v as_o be_v most_o please_v to_o humane_a nature_n and_o where_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o any_o nation_n representative_a succession_n be_v once_o open_o admit_v there_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o his_o father_n though_o in_o that_o law_n the_o word_n proximus_n that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n be_v only_o mention_v the_o reason_n that_o be_v extract_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n for_o this_o be_v but_o weak_a as_o be_v evident_a to_o such_o as_o inspect_v they_o but_o this_o be_v the_o best_a reason_n that_o in_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o be_v favourable_o understand_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n must_v be_v extend_v to_o all_o propriety_n not_o only_o vulgar_a but_o artificial_a so_o that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o son_n may_v be_v comprehend_v those_o of_o adoption_n and_o under_o the_o word_n dead_a may_v in_o include_v those_o that_o be_v dead_a in_o law_n because_o the_o law_n do_v usual_o speak_v thus_o and_o thus_o he_o may_v deserve_o be_v say_v to_o be_v proximus_n who_o the_o law_n present_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n but_o yet_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v hereditary_a and_o withal_o individual_a and_o where_o this_o representative_a succession_n be_v not_o exclude_v neither_o be_v the_o nephew_n always_o prefer_v to_o the_o succession_n nor_o always_o the_o second_o son_n but_o as_o among_o equal_n because_o by_o a_o effect_n of_o right_n as_o to_o degree_n that_o be_v adequate_a his_o case_n be_v best_a that_o be_v elder_a 6._o diod._n l._n 6._o for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n succession_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o privilege_n of_o age_n among_o the_o corinthian_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n do_v succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n 3._o procop._n vand._n lib._n 3._o so_o among_o the_o vandal_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n to_o the_o first_o king_n and_o the_o elder_a shall_v be_v declare_v heir_n so_o that_o the_o second_o son_n because_o of_o his_o maturity_n of_o year_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n 24._o vid._n sup_v §._o 24._o so_o in_o sicily_n robert_n be_v the_o second_o son_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n before_o martell_n his_o elder_a brother_n son_n not_o proper_o for_o the_o reason_n fancy_v by_o bartolus_n because_o sicily_n be_v hold_v in_o fee_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o superior_a lord_n but_o because_o that_o kingdom_n be_v hereditary_a there_o be_v in_o guntanus_n a_o ancient_a example_n of_o such_o a_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o franc_n but_o that_o proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o people_n choice_n which_o at_o that_o time_n do_v not_o full_o cease_v but_o since_o that_o kingdom_n cease_v to_o be_v elective_a and_o that_o the_o line_n of_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v there_o establish_v the_o matter_n admit_v of_o no_o dispute_n as_o ancient_o among_o the_o spartan_n where_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la the_o same_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v introduce_v and_o therefore_o areus_n the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n cleonymus_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n before_o his_o uncle_n but_o even_o in_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n the_o nephew_n have_v be_v prefer_v as_o in_o england_n john_n the_o nephew_n of_o king_n edward_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v prefer_v before_o hemon_n and_o thomas_n which_o also_o be_v settle_v by_o law_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n xxxi_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n by_o the_o same_o distinction_n we_o may_v resolve_v another_o doubt_n between_o the_o survive_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n but_o that_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o among_o child_n the_o live_a may_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o dead_a in_o the_o right_a line_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o transverse_n but_o where_o the_o right_o be_v not_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a it_o be_v most_o rational_a to_o incline_v to_o that_o part_n which_o favour_v the_o child_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o father_n because_o we_o be_v thereunto_o guide_v by_o natural_a equity_n namely_o in_o that_o estate_n which_o descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o impediment_n that_o justinian_n call_v the_o right_a of_o brother_n child_n depredatory_a for_o this_o he_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n but_o not_o to_o natural_a equity_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o other_o case_n propose_v by_o emanuel_n costa_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n or_o even_o his_o daughter_n he_o say_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n this_o be_v true_a not_o in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n only_o but_o even_o in_o a_o hereditary_a in_o such_o kingdom_n where_o representative_a succession_n take_v place_n but_o not_o in_o such_o kingdom_n which_o in_o express_a term_n do_v bind_v we_o up_o to_o the_o degree_n that_o be_v natural_a for_o there_o they_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v which_o have_v the_o precedency_n of_o sex_n and_o age._n xxxiii_o the_o nephew_n by_o the_o son_n prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n it_o be_v true_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o sex_n yet_o with_o this_o exception_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o nation_n which_o even_o among_o child_n respect_v only_o the_o degree_n xxxiv_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n before_o the_o elder_a from_o the_o daughter_n he_o far_o add_v that_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_n from_o the_o daughter_n which_o be_v likewise_o true_a where_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n be_v in_o use_n but_o not_o in_o a_o hereditary_a without_o the_o warrant_n of_o some_o special_a law_n neither_o do_v we_o approve_v of_o the_o reason_n allege_v namely_o because_o the_o father_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o other_o for_o that_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o dignity_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a and_o descend_v no_o far_o and_o yet_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o read_v that_o ferdinando_n the_o son_n of_o berengaria_n the_o young_a sister_n of_o king_n henry_n decease_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n
before_o blanch_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o the_o same_o king_n but_o this_o as_o mariana_z note_n be_v do_v in_o hatred_n to_o the_o house_n of_o france_n into_o which_o blanch_n marry_v â—xxv_n the_o niece_n from_o the_o elder_a son_n prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n that_o which_o he_o add_v as_o seem_v to_o he_o most_o probable_a namely_o that_o the_o niece_n from_o the_o elder_a son_n exclude_v the_o young_a son_n can_v hold_v in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n although_o representative_a succession_n be_v there_o in_o force_n for_o that_o give_v only_o a_o capacity_n to_o succeed_v but_o of_o those_o that_o be_v capable_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o sex_n xxxvi_o the_o sister_n son_n prefer_v before_o the_o brother_n daughter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n the_o sister_n son_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o brother_n daughter_n and_o as_o mariana_n observe_v it_o be_v credible_a that_o in_o that_o kingdom_n in_o time_n long_o since_o past_a the_o king_n brother_n and_o not_o his_o daughter_n have_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o afterward_o they_o be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o a_o lineal_a succession_n that_o they_o prefer_v the_o sister_n son_n before_o those_o that_o in_o a_o more_o remote_a degree_n descend_v from_o the_o brother_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o alphonsus_n he_o say_v that_o unto_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n after_o his_o son_n ferdinando_n he_o appoint_v his_o nephew_n by_o his_o son_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o than_o the_o nephew_n by_o his_o own_o daughter_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v ferdinando_n whereunto_o he_o add_v sic_fw-la saepe_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la regum_fw-la jura_fw-la regnandi_fw-la commutantur_fw-la they_o be_v title_n to_o kingdom_n ofttimes_o fan_v about_o by_o the_o breath_n of_o king_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v hereditary_a the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o the_o king_n young_a brother_n chap._n viii_o of_o dominion_n vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i._o many_o thing_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o to_o speak_v proper_o be_v not_o thereby_o due_a ii_o fish_n and_o deer_n in_o pond_n and_o park_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n hold_v in_o propriety_n contrary_a to_o what_o the_o roman_a law_n deliver_v unto_o we_o iii_o that_o wild_a beast_n stray_v out_o of_o enclosure_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o first_o owner_n if_o they_o may_v be_v know_v iv_o whether_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o may_v be_v gain_v by_o instrument_n as_o by_o net_n and_o how_o v._o that_o such_o wild_a beast_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n vi_o how_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o owner_n may_v be_v gain_v vii_o money_n find_v who_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o of_o the_o diversity_n of_o law_n about_o this_o viii_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v island_n and_o increment_n be_v neither_o natural_a nor_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o that_o naturally_n island_n in_o river_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v dry_v up_o be_v they_o who_o the_o river_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o river_n be_v that_o be_v the_o people_n x._o that_o natural_o the_o propriety_n of_o a_o ground_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o a_o inundation_n xi_o that_o increment_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v the_o people_n xii_o but_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v grant_v unto_o those_o who_o ground_n have_v no_o other_o bound_n but_o the_o river_n xiii_o the_o same_o may_v be_v presume_v concern_v whatsoever_o the_o stream_n leave_v dry_a fourteen_o what_o be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o increment_n and_o what_o a_o island_n xv._o when_o the_o increment_n belong_v unto_o vassal_n xvi_o the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o roman_n will_v prove_v their_o law_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v natural_a answer_v xvii_o that_o a_o way_n be_v natural_o a_o impediment_n to_o increment_n xviii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o xix_o that_o natural_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v common_a as_o well_o by_o give_v a_o form_n to_o another_o man_n matter_n as_o by_o confusion_n xx._n yea_o though_o that_o matter_n be_v ill_o wrought_v xxi_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a that_o the_o lesser_a part_n shall_v yield_v to_o the_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o prevalence_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v other_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n xxii_o natural_o by_o plant_v sow_v or_o build_v upon_o another_o ground_n there_o arise_v a_o community_n to_o both_o in_o the_o fruit_n perceive_v xxiii_o he_o that_o sow_v another_o ground_n by_o mistake_n may_v require_v his_o charge_n but_o not_o the_o fruit_n xxiv_o yea_o though_o he_o do_v it_o know_o xxv_o that_o natural_o tradition_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n xxvi_o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v i._o that_o many_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o proper_o do_v not_o now_o our_o method_n lead_v we_o to_o treat_v of_o that_o dominion_n which_o be_v vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v distinct_a from_o that_o gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o have_v therefore_o term_v the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n such_o be_v that_o dominion_n which_o be_v get_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v discourse_v better_o hereafter_o where_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v explain_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n do_v reckon_v up_o many_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v acquire_v which_o they_o seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o to_o he_o that_o diligent_o examine_v they_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o except_o that_o gain_v by_o war_n that_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o that_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v but_o be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o so_o yet_o to_o that_o which_o follow_v close_o upon_o it_o dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v and_o so_o antecede_v all_o civil_a law_n or_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o very_a civil_a law_n not_o that_o of_o the_o sole_a people_n of_o rome_n but_o of_o many_o other_o nation_n which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o this_o civil_a law_n or_o custom_n come_v original_o from_o the_o greek_n who_o institutes_n as_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n observe_v with_o some_o other_o all_o italy_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v nation_n follow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o it_o serve_v not_o to_o conglutinate_v all_o nation_n mutual_o among_o themselves_o but_o rather_o to_o preserve_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o every_o nation_n and_o be_v therefore_o alterable_a by_o any_o one_o people_n without_o consult_v the_o rest_n so_o that_o it_o may_v also_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o other_o place_n and_o in_o other_o age_n a_o far_o different_a common_a custom_n and_o so_o another_o law_n of_o nation_n improper_o so_o call_v may_v be_v introduce_v which_o we_o have_v find_v real_o do_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o german_a nation_n have_v invade_v all_o europe_n for_o as_o of_o old_a the_o grecian_a law_n so_o then_o the_o german_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o receive_v and_o do_v as_o yet_o flourish_v the_o first_o way_n of_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v it_o be_v by_o the_o primary_n seizure_n or_o occupancy_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o owner_n which_o without_o doubt_n be_v natural_a in_o that_o sense_n which_o i_o have_v declare_v that_o be_v dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v and_o so_o long_o as_o no_o law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v for_o dominion_n may_v also_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n ii_o as_o fish_n in_o pond_n deer_n in_o park_n and_o hitherto_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o may_v refer_v the_o take_n of_o wild_a beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n but_o how_o all_o these_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o none_o will_v afford_v matter_n of_o debate_n nerva_n the_o son_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o fish_n if_o in_o a_o pond_n be_v possess_v but_o not_o in_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o that_o wild_a beast_n if_o in_o a_o park_n or_o
warren_n have_v a_o owner_n but_o range_v in_o wood_n hedge_v about_o not_o as_o though_o fish_n enclose_v in_o a_o great_a pond_n can_v not_o be_v as_o well_o own_v as_o in_o a_o lesser_a and_o deer_n and_o coney_n as_o well_o possess_v in_o a_o well_o fence_v wood_n as_o in_o a_o park_n or_o warren_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o difference_n between_o they_o than_o that_o in_o the_o one_o they_o be_v close_a prisoner_n and_o in_o the_o other_o prisoner_n at_o large_a wherefore_o in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v most_o prevalent_a that_o both_o deer_n in_o private_a wood_n and_o fish_n enclose_v in_o lake_n may_v be_v as_o possess_v so_o also_o hold_v in_o propriety_n iii_o that_o outly_a deer_n cease_v not_o be_v the_o owner_n can_v they_o be_v know_v in_o wild_a beast_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o recover_v their_o natural_a liberty_n we_o lose_v our_o property_n say_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n but_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n the_o dominion_n that_o be_v get_v by_o possession_n be_v not_o lose_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o possession_n nay_o it_o give_v we_o also_o a_o right_a to_o recover_v our_o possession_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o by_o another_o or_o stray_v away_o of_o itself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o fugitive_n servant_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o the_o title_n we_o may_v retain_v though_o the_o possession_n be_v lose_v wherefore_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n that_o our_o property_n be_v not_o lose_v mere_o because_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v wild_a have_v escape_v our_o custody_n but_o because_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o recover_v they_o we_o have_v utter_o desert_v they_o especial_o when_o it_o can_v be_v know_v unto_o other_o that_o they_o be_v we_o but_o this_o conjecture_n may_v easy_o be_v wipe_v away_o by_o other_o conjecture_n as_o namely_o by_o affix_v unto_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o thing_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v know_v who_o they_o be_v as_o be_v usual_o do_v to_o heart_n hawk_n and_o the_o like_a to_o acquire_v a_o full_a dominion_n in_o thing_n natural_o wild_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v have_v a_o corporal_a possession_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o entitle_v ourselves_o to_o a_o deer_n that_o we_o have_v wound_v he_o but_o we_o must_v catch_v he_o too_o lest_o the_o proverb_n upbraid_v we_o with_o folly_n in_o start_v a_o hare_n for_o another_o to_o eat_v according_a to_o that_o of_o ovid_n et_fw-la lepus_fw-la hic_fw-la aliis_fw-la exagitatus_fw-la erit_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lumbards_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o wild_a beast_n be_v first_o wound_v by_o another_o may_v take_v away_o the_o shoulder_n with_o the_o rib_n the_o rest_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o wound_v he_o if_o he_o claim_v it_o within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n otherwise_o not_o for_o as_o ovid_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o know_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o another_o to_o find_v it_o 5._o met._n 5._o iv_o possession_n how_o get_v by_o instrument_n as_o net_n etc._n etc._n now_o this_o possession_n may_v be_v gain_v either_o by_o hand_n only_o or_o by_o engine_n as_o by_o trap_n net_n snare_n begin_v etc._n etc._n provide_v first_o that_o those_o instrument_n be_v under_o our_o own_o power_n and_o second_o that_o the_o beast_n so_o take_v can_v escape_v and_o thus_o be_v the_o question_n decide_v concern_v a_o wild_a boar_n that_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o snare_n or_o toil_n v._o that_o wild_a beast_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v where_o no_o civil_a law_n intervene_v wherefore_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n be_v much_o mistake_v who_o think_v these_o right_n to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o can_v be_v change_v for_o they_o be_v not_o simple_o or_o absolute_o so_o but_o as_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n be_v before_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v of_o they_o the_o people_n of_o germany_n consult_v about_o some_o allowance_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o king_n and_o prince_n whereby_o to_o support_v their_o regal_a dignity_n think_v it_o prudence_n to_o begin_v with_o such_o thing_n as_o no_o private_a man_n can_v claim_v as_o his_o own_o which_o prudential_a course_n the_o egyptian_n also_o ancient_o take_v where_o the_o king_n attorney_n seize_v on_o all_o such_o thing_n to_o his_o master_n use_n but_o the_o law_n of_o itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o transfer_v a_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o already_o occupy_v the_o whale_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o shoar_n the_o portugal_n give_v unto_o their_o king_n vi_o possession_n of_o thing_n not_o own_v how_o gain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o wild_a beast_n be_v possess_v be_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n for_o nature_n do_v indifferent_o adjudge_v all_o such_o thing_n to_o the_o first_o finder_n and_o possessor_n of_o they_o thus_o be_v the_o island_n acanthos_n 29._o acanthos_n plut._n graec._n qu._n 29._o be_v desert_n adjudge_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o chalcis_n who_o first_o enter_v upon_o it_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o andrian_o who_o have_v first_o throw_v their_o dart_n into_o it_o because_o possession_n be_v take_v either_o by_o the_o apprehend_n of_o a_o thing_n if_o movable_a most_o by_o the_o hand_n or_o if_o immovable_a as_o of_o land_n by_o set_v our_o foot_n upon_o it_o for_o as_o the_o poet_n tell_v we_o scire_fw-la ubi_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la invenire_fw-la it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o know_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v unless_o we_o can_v find_v it_o vii_o money_n find_v who_o it_o be_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o a_o owner_n be_v treasure_n reckon_v that_o be_v money_n the_o owner_n whereof_o be_v unknown_a for_o thing_n that_o appear_v not_o be_v as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o wherefore_o such_o treasure_n be_v natural_o his_o that_o find_v and_o apprehend_v they_o yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o law_n and_o custom_n may_v dispose_v otherwise_o of_o they_o plato_n will_v have_v the_o finder_n to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o magistrate_n 15._o philostr_n d._n 15._o or_o to_o take_v advice_n of_o a_o oracle_n apollonius_n look_v at_o such_o treasure_n as_o be_v a_o especial_a gift_n of_o god_n and_o adjudge_v it_o to_o he_o that_o be_v best_a belove_v of_o he_o lex_fw-la bibliorum_fw-la lex_fw-la it_o be_v scripture_n law_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la posuisti_fw-la ne_fw-la tollas_fw-la take_v not_o away_o what_o thou_o do_v not_o lay_v down_o the_o hebrew_n give_v such_o treasure_n to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o that_o parable_n of_o our_o saviour_n concern_v treasure_n hide_v in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v find_v he_o that_o find_v it_o sell_v all_o he_o have_v and_o buy_v the_o field_n mat._n 13.44_o so_o do_v the_o syrian_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o philostratus_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o plautus_n his_o time_n this_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_n the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v much_o vary_v about_o this_o as_o may_v appear_v partly_o by_o their_o constitution_n 16._o annal_n l._n 16._o and_o partly_o by_o the_o history_n of_o lampridius_n zonoras_n cedrenus_n and_o tacitus_n who_o write_v of_o the_o great_a treasure_n find_v in_o africa_n say_v which_o nero_n in_o his_o hope_n devour_v the_o german_n give_v such_o as_o also_o they_o do_v all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v now_o so_o common_a every_o where_n that_o it_o may_v well_o pass_v for_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v this_o day_n observe_v in_o germany_n france_n england_n spain_n and_o denmark_n but_o this_o very_a same_o custom_n we_o read_v of_o among_o the_o goth_n 34._o lib._n 4._o c._n 34._o witness_n king_n theuderick_n in_o cassiodore_n non_fw-la est_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la eripere_fw-la quae_fw-la nullus_fw-la se_fw-la dominus_fw-la ingemescat_fw-la amisisse_fw-la it_o can_v be_v impute_v as_o covetousness_n to_o take_v that_o which_o no_o man_n have_v just_a reason_n to_o complain_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o and_o in_o another_o place_n those_o riches_n which_o have_v lie_v so_o long_o hide_v have_v lose_v their_o master_n by_o thy_o diligent_a inquisition_n be_v now_o we_o for_o since_o we_o permit_v every_o man_n free_o to_o enjoy_v his_o own_o king_n what_o be_v no_o man_n be_v the_o king_n what_o be_v no_o man_n aught_o to_o be_v we_o he_o may_v well_o be_v content_a to_o lose_v what_o he_o have_v find_v who_o know_v that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o lose_v nothing_o that_o be_v his_o
with_o the_o land_n not_o so_o much_o by_o any_o rigâ—â—_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o that_o hold_v the_o fee_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o what_o the_o flood_n cast_v up_o xvi_o the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n will_v prove_v their_o law_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n answer_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n to_o prove_v the_o law_n by_o they_o use_v to_o be_v natural_a do_v often_o allege_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v most_o natural_a that_o his_o shall_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o any_o thing_n who_o be_v the_o disprofit_v whereupon_o they_o infer_v that_o since_o the_o river_n waste_v a_o part_n of_o my_o land_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o of_o what_o it_o add_v to_o i_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o benefit_n but_o this_o rule_n hold_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o benefit_n arise_v from_o what_o be_v my_o own_o but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o river_n which_o be_v another_o but_o that_o that_o which_o perish_v shall_v perish_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o be_v natural_a beside_o neither_o be_v that_o universal_o true_a that_o they_o allege_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o exception_n of_o ground_n limit_v which_o themselves_o admit_v not_o now_o to_o insist_v upon_o that_o which_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v natural_o that_o river_n do_v sometime_o impoverish_v and_o sometime_o enrich_v their_o neighbour_n field_n whence_o lucan_n thus_o illos_fw-la terra_fw-la fugit_fw-la dominos_fw-la his_fw-la rura_fw-la colonis_fw-la accedunt_fw-la donante_fw-la pado_n old_a lord_n forsake_v the_o earth_n do_v glide_v go_v new_a to_o enrich_v thanks_o to_o the_o river_n po._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o some_o be_v enrich_v and_o impoverish_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o river_n xvii_o whether_o a_o highway_n do_v stop_v the_o increment_n of_o a_o river_n but_o whereas_o also_o they_o say_v that_o a_o public_a way_n do_v not_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o increment_n of_o a_o river_n it_o have_v nothing_o of_o natural_a reason_n in_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o field_n be_v private_a through_o which_o such_o a_o way_n ought_v to_o pass_v xviii_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o be_v not_o natural_a among_o other_o mean_n whereby_o propriety_n by_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v acquire_v one_o be_v procreation_n wherein_o that_o which_o as_o well_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o other_o nation_n have_v determine_v namely_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o be_v not_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 'samine_v say_v see_v ch_n 5._o §._o 29._o vid._n gall._n l._n 2._o the_o 'samine_v natural_a but_o only_o as_o the_o father_n be_v unknown_a for_o if_o the_o father_n by_o any_o probable_a mean_n can_v be_v discover_v why_o the_o child_n shall_v not_o as_o well_o be_v repute_v his_o as_o she_o no_o natural_a reason_n can_v be_v give_v since_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o what_o be_v so_o beget_v be_v a_o part_n of_o he_o that_o do_v beget_v it_o but_o whether_o of_o they_o do_v contribute_v most_o to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o child_n natural_a philosopher_n do_v not_o accord_v whereof_o notwithstanding_o plutarch_n speak_v thus_o nature_n say_v he_o do_v mix_v the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n and_o so_o confound_v they_o that_o what_o be_v thereby_o bear_v shall_v be_v common_a to_o they_o both_o and_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v they_o from_o that_o which_o be_v the_o other_o and_o hereupon_o be_v the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o french_a and_o lumbards_n ground_v xix_o community_n may_v arise_v by_o give_v a_o new_a form_n to_o another_o matter_n if_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o one_o and_o the_o form_n give_v by_o another_o the_o sabinian_o give_v the_o property_n to_o he_o who_o the_o matter_n be_v but_o proculus_n to_o he_o that_o give_v the_o form_n because_o he_o give_v it_o such_o a_o existence_n as_o before_o it_o have_v not_o at_o length_n a_o middle_a opinion_n creep_v in_o namely_o that_o if_o the_o matter_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o pristine_a form_n than_o shall_v the_o thing_n be_v he_o who_o give_v the_o matter_n but_o if_o it_o can_v not_o then_o shall_v it_o be_v his_o that_o give_v the_o form_n but_o this_o opinion_n please_v not_o connanus_n who_o will_v have_v no_o respect_n but_o to_o the_o value_n so_o that_o whether_o of_o they_o be_v of_o great_a value_n shall_v attract_v unto_o it_o that_o which_o be_v of_o lesser_a value_n by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n concern_v accession_n but_o if_o we_o look_v to_o the_o naked_a truth_n as_o by_o a_o commixture_n of_o several_a matter_n there_o arise_v a_o community_n to_o each_o according_a to_o proportion_n because_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v determine_v so_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v compound_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n as_o of_o its_o part_n if_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n belong_v to_o one_o and_o the_o form_n to_o another_o which_o can_v be_v divide_v there_o must_v natural_o follow_v a_o community_n to_o each_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a proportion_n for_o the_o form_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n but_o not_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o ulpian_n in_o say_v that_o the_o form_n be_v change_v the_o substance_n be_v almost_o destroy_v xx._n yea_o though_o the_o matter_n be_v abuse_v but_o although_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unjust_a that_o he_o that_o abuse_v the_o matter_n be_v another_o man_n shall_v lose_v the_o form_n he_o give_v it_o yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o be_v penal_a and_o therefore_o not_o natural_a for_o though_o it_o be_v natural_a that_o every_o delinquent_n shall_v be_v punish_v yet_o do_v not_o nature_n determine_v how_o nor_o do_v she_o of_o herself_o take_v away_o any_o man_n property_n for_o his_o offence_n xxi_o that_o the_o lesser_a shall_v yield_v to_o the_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o prevalence_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o that_o the_o great_a part_n shall_v swallow_v up_o the_o lesser_a whereupon_o connanus_n ground_n his_o opinion_n though_o it_o be_v natural_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o fact_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a right_n wherefore_o he_o that_o have_v but_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o field_n have_v as_o much_o right_n in_o that_o as_o he_o that_o have_v the_o other_o nineteen_o therefore_o what_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v decree_v concern_v a_o acquisition_n gain_v by_o way_n of_o prevalence_n or_o what_o they_o have_v or_o may_v decree_v in_o other_o the_o like_a case_n be_v not_o justifyable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o better_a dispatch_n of_o business_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o repugnant_a unto_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n have_v a_o power_n to_o create_v dominion_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o question_n in_o the_o law_n juris_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la facti_fw-la non_fw-la juris_fw-la more_o various_o handle_v among_o lawyer_n than_o this_o for_o who_o can_v grant_v that_o if_o brass_n and_o gold_n be_v mix_v together_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o ulpian_n write_v or_o that_o if_o metal_n be_v solder_v together_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v confound_v as_o paulus_n ferruminatione_fw-la ferruminatione_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o that_o there_o be_v one_o rule_n for_o a_o picture_n another_o for_o a_o scripture_n that_o the_o table_n shall_v carry_v away_o this_o but_o not_o that_o xxii_o of_o thing_n plant_v or_o sow_v on_o another_o ground_n the_o fruit_n be_v natural_o to_o be_v communicate_v that_o thing_n plant_v or_o sow_o shall_v go_v with_o the_o soil_n be_v a_o dictate_v likewise_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n ground_v on_o this_o reason_n because_o they_o be_v nourish_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o material_a question_n concern_v a_o tree_n whether_o it_o have_v take_v root_n but_o in_o case_n we_o look_v unto_o nature_n only_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o nourishment_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v existence_n before_o give_v but_o augmentation_n to_o the_o thing_n nourish_v which_o be_v but_o a_o additional_a part_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v a_o right_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o nourishment_n so_o sure_o there_o remain_v a_o right_n natural_o to_o he_o that_o own_v the_o plant_n or_o the_o seed_n without_o which_o the_o soil_n can_v not_o produce_v such_o fruit_n so_o that_o here_o also_o nature_n admit_v of_o a_o community_n no_o less_o than_o in_o a_o house_n build_v upon_o another_o
it_o much_o amiss_o what_o cynus_n and_o rainerius_n have_v deliver_v unto_o we_o that_o if_o the_o emperor_n either_o by_o sickness_n or_o by_o captivity_n be_v disable_v to_o perform_v his_o duty_n it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n to_o appoint_v a_o deputy_n or_o viceroy_n in_o his_o room_n xii_o that_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n succeed_v to_o the_o person_n decease_v be_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v the_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n either_o private_a or_o public_a be_v of_o undoubted_a right_n xiii_o but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o conqueror_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o conquer_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v explain_v chap._n x._o what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n i._o the_o obligation_n to_o restore_v that_o which_o be_v another_o from_o whence_o and_o what_o manner_n of_o obligation_n it_o be_v ii_o a_o obligation_n to_o restore_v the_o profit_n of_o what_o be_v another_o this_o prove_v by_o many_o example_n iii_o he_o that_o make_v use_v of_o what_o be_v another_o think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n if_o the_o thing_n perish_v iv_o yet_o be_v the_o same_o person_n bind_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n in_o be_v v._o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v spend_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o spend_v they_o vi_o but_o not_o those_o that_o he_o neglect_v to_o gather_v vii_o nor_o those_o that_o he_o have_v give_v away_o to_o other_o this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n viii_o nor_o if_o he_o sell_v only_o what_o he_o buy_v explain_v by_o a_o like_a distinction_n ix_o when_o he_o that_o honest_o buy_v of_o one_o man_n what_o be_v real_o another_o may_v reserve_v the_o price_n or_o part_n of_o it_o x._o another_o man_n good_n be_v buy_v can_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o that_o sell_v they_o but_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n xi_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o thing_n that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o claim_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o yield_v it_o up_o to_o any_o xii_o what_o be_v receive_v be_v due_a though_o for_o some_o bad_a cause_n or_o otherwise_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v natural_o xiii_o the_o opinion_n that_o what_o consist_v in_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n may_v be_v alienate_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n refell_v i._o restitution_n have_v thus_o sufficient_o as_o to_o our_o purpose_n unfold_v what_o right_o or_o dominion_n we_o may_v have_v over_o thing_n or_o person_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o obligation_n lie_v against_o we_o upon_o this_o account_n now_o this_o arise_v either_o out_o of_o thing_n extant_a wherein_o also_o i_o include_v person_n if_o profitable_a unto_o we_o or_o out_o of_o thing_n not_o yet_o extant_a out_o of_o thing_n or_o person_n appear_v there_o natural_o arise_v this_o obligation_n that_o he_o that_o have_v in_o his_o power_n that_o which_o of_o right_a be_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v that_o it_o may_v be_v restore_v unto_o i_o among_o other_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n this_o be_v one_o that_o thing_n find_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n 22.1_o deut._n 22.1_o which_o be_v ground_v as_o well_o upon_o natural_a equity_n as_o upon_o that_o in_o deuteronomy_n where_o we_o read_v thus_o thou_o shall_v not_o see_v thy_o brother_n ox_n or_o his_o ass_n go_v astray_o and_o hide_v thyself_o from_o they_o but_o thou_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a bring_v it_o home_o again_o unto_o thy_o brother_n etc._n etc._n many_o there_o be_v say_v hierom_n who_o think_v that_o what_o they_o find_v though_o of_o another_o man_n they_o may_v keep_v without_o offence_n leu._n in_o leu._n that_o say_v deus_fw-la mihi_fw-la dedit_fw-la cvi_fw-la habeo_fw-la reddere_fw-la god_n have_v give_v it_o i_o to_o who_o shall_v i_o restore_v it_o but_o let_v they_o know_v say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n next_o to_o that_o of_o theft_n not_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v so_o find_v so_o likewise_o st._n augustine_n si_fw-mi quid_fw-la invenisti_fw-la &_o non_fw-la reddidisti_fw-la rapuisti_fw-la 5._o ser._n 9_o de_fw-fr verb._n domini_fw-la grat._n c._n 14._o q._n 5._o if_o what_o thou_o have_v find_v thou_o restore_v not_o thou_o have_v rob_v thy_o neighbour_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n enjoy_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o belong_v to_o another_o he_o may_v be_v honest_a for_o his_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o detention_n but_o be_v once_o convince_v of_o his_o error_n then_o if_o he_o restore_v not_o he_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v a_o usurper_n as_o for_o my_o part_n say_v bellisarius_fw-la i_o make_v but_o little_a difference_n between_o he_o that_o know_o detain_v what_o be_v another_o man_n 2._o proc._n goth._n l._n 2._o and_o he_o that_o be_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o robber_n pari_fw-la loco_fw-la habeo_fw-la res_fw-la alienas_fw-la non_fw-la reddentem_fw-la cum_fw-la raptore_fw-la yet_o do_v this_o obligation_n reach_v no_o far_o than_o as_o far_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v for_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n nor_o to_o restore_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v lose_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n but_o to_o declare_v his_o knowledge_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n that_o so_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v recover_v they_o for_o as_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n to_o be_v observe_v where_o any_o thing_n be_v hold_v in_o common_a that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o no_o less_o by_o one_o than_o another_o so_o dominion_n be_v once_o admit_v this_o be_v mutual_o agree_v on_o between_o the_o proprietor_n that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n good_n he_o shall_v restore_v they_o to_o their_o right_a owner_n now_o if_o this_o obligation_n extend_v no_o far_a than_o to_o restore_v upon_o demand_n it_o will_v both_o too_o much_o weaken_v the_o future_a property_n and_o aggravate_v the_o charge_n of_o keep_v the_o thing_n lose_v neither_o be_v it_o in_o this_o place_n regard_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v get_v the_o possession_n of_o another_o man_n good_n honest_o or_o dishonest_o for_o there_o be_v one_o manner_n of_o obligation_n arise_v from_o the_o crime_n and_o another_o arise_v from_o the_o thing_n hold_v and_o detain_v by_o that_o crime_n the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v they_o have_v expiate_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o theban_n by_o lay_v a_o heavy_a fine_a upon_o phaebidus_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o league_n between_o they_o and_o the_o theban_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o cadmaean_a fort_n though_o they_o restore_v it_o not_o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v all_o grâ—â—e_n stand_v amaze_v at_o their_o injustice_n quod_fw-la cujus_fw-la facinoris_fw-la authorem_fw-la poena_fw-la affecissent_fw-la facinus_fw-la tamen_fw-la reipsa_fw-la approbarent_fw-la in_o that_o they_o punish_v the_o offendor_n yet_o in_o effect_n justify_v his_o offence_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o bajazet_n record_v by_o leunclavius_n the_o former_a plutarch_n attribute_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o agesilaus_n who_o persuade_v the_o city_n agâ—silao_n plâ—â—_n agâ—silao_n to_o transfer_v the_o blame_n upon_o he_o but_o to_o preserve_v the_o fort_n to_o themselves_o but_o this_o kind_n of_o injustice_n be_v singular_a be_v usual_o as_o xenophon_n note_n punish_v by_o the_o especial_a providence_n of_o god_n 5._o hist_o cyr._n l._n 5._o thus_o be_v m._n crassus_n and_o qu._n hortensius_n much_o blame_v by_o cicero_n for_o detain_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n which_o be_v get_v by_o a_o testament_n that_o be_v forge_v though_o not_o by_o any_o fault_n of_o they_o but_o because_o this_o obligation_n as_o by_o a_o universal_a contract_n bind_v all_o man_n and_o create_v a_o certain_a right_n to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o thing_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o singular_a contract_n as_o be_v post-nate_a do_v from_o hence_o receive_v their_o exception_n which_o seem_v to_o illustrate_v that_o of_o tryphoninus_n a_o thief_n deliver_v that_o whereof_o he_o have_v rob_v i_o to_o sejus_n to_o keep_v for_o he_o right_n restitution_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o not_o to_o he_o who_o have_v usurp_a another_o right_n who_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o theft_n now_o the_o question_n be_v to_o who_o be_v sejus_n bind_v to_o restore_v it_o if_o we_o look_v only_o to_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n it_o be_v just_a that_o the_o thing_n entrust_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o that_o give_v it_o but_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o take_v in_o all_o the_o person_n concern_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v doubtless_o to_o i_o from_o who_o it_o be_v fraudulent_o take_v whereunto_o he_o add_v et_fw-la probo_fw-la hanc_fw-la esse_fw-la justitiam_fw-la quae_fw-la
suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la ita_fw-la tribuit_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la distrahatur_fw-la ab_fw-la ullius_fw-la personae_fw-la justiore_fw-la repetitione_n and_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o to_o be_v justice_n which_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o it_o be_v not_o withhold_v from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o any_o other_o person_n that_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o it_o now_o his_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o just_a title_n that_o claim_v by_o a_o right_a as_o ancient_a as_o propriety_n itself_o whence_o it_o likewise_o follow_v that_o he_o that_o ignorant_o accept_v of_o that_o from_o another_o in_o trust_n which_o afterward_o he_o know_v to_o be_v his_o own_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o restore_v it_o and_o the_o case_n which_o the_o same_o tryphoninus_n put_v concern_v good_n deposit_v by_o he_o who_o whole_a estate_n be_v before_o confiscate_v be_v better_a determine_v by_o this_o rule_n than_o by_o that_o which_o he_o there_o produce_v concern_v the_o profit_n gain_v by_o punishment_n for_o if_o we_o look_v strict_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o propriety_n it_o matter_n not_o whether_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o either_o way_n it_o carry_v with_o it_o all_o thing_n natural_a unto_o itself_o whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o every_o person_n be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n good_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n thereof_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o martianus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o possident_fw-la res_fw-la condici_fw-la possunt_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la justa_fw-la causa_fw-la possident_fw-la that_o good_n may_v by_o personal_a action_n at_o law_n be_v require_v from_o those_o who_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n be_v possess_v of_o they_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o spring_v that_o in_o ulpian_n he_o that_o find_v what_o be_v another_o be_v so_o strict_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o that_o he_o can_v so_o much_o as_o require_v a_o reward_n for_o the_o find_n of_o it_o but_o he_o be_v to_o restore_v it_o with_o its_o fruit_n if_o any_o be_v save_v only_o to_o himself_o his_o reasonable_a charge_n ii_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o what_o belong_v to_o another_o of_o thing_n not_o extant_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n run_v thus_o that_o if_o another_o be_v enrich_v by_o what_o be_v i_o i_o not_o enjoy_v my_o own_o he_o stand_v oblige_v to_o restore_v to_o i_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v make_v the_o rich_a by_o what_o be_v i_o because_o as_o to_o that_o which_o he_o have_v gain_v by_o what_o be_v i_o he_o have_v the_o more_o and_o i_o for_o want_v of_o what_o be_v my_o own_o have_v the_o less_o by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o have_v gain_v for_o dominion_n be_v therefore_o general_o agree_v on_o that_o every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o proportion_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o cicero_n off._n 3._o ex_fw-la hominis_fw-la incommodo_fw-la suum_fw-la augere_fw-la commodum_fw-la for_o one_o man_n to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o that_o which_o be_v another_o man_n loss_n be_v unnatural_a say_v cicero_n and_o in_o another_o place_n that_o we_o shall_v build_v up_o our_o own_o power_n fortune_n or_o wealth_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o other_o man_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o permit_v there_o be_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a reason_n in_o this_o say_n that_o the_o lawyer_n be_v enforce_v to_o decline_v the_o prescript_n rule_v of_o their_o law_n and_o to_o determine_v many_o case_n by_o this_o of_o equity_n as_o be_v the_o most_o convince_a a_o contract_n make_v by_o a_o servant_n be_v a_o factor_n shall_v bind_v his_o master_n unless_o proclamation_n be_v first_o make_v that_o no_o credit_n shall_v be_v give_v unto_o he_o but_o yet_o although_o such_o proclamation_n be_v make_v if_o that_o servant_n make_v any_o profit_n thereby_o either_o to_o himself_o or_o put_v it_o to_o his_o master_n account_n it_o shall_v be_v judge_v a_o fraud_n videtur_fw-la enim_fw-la dolum_fw-la malum_fw-la facere_fw-la qui_fw-la ex_fw-la aliena_fw-la jactura_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quaerat_fw-la for_o he_o seem_v to_o deal_v deceitful_o that_o make_v himself_o rich_a by_o another_o man_n loss_n where_o the_o word_n dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la signify_v whatsoever_o be_v repugnant_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o equity_n if_o a_o wife_n shall_v give_v unto_o her_o husband_n money_n which_o by_o the_o law_n she_o may_v require_v of_o he_o again_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v either_o a_o personal_a action_n against_o her_o husband_n or_o shall_v relieve_v herself_o by_o that_o which_o be_v buy_v with_o her_o money_n because_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o husband_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a by_o it_o and_o therefore_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v make_v what_o he_o possess_v that_o be_v buy_v with_o her_o money_n so_o again_o if_o thou_o have_v spend_v or_o otherwise_o dispose_v of_o money_n which_o my_o servant_n have_v steal_v from_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v his_o i_o have_v a_o good_a action_n against_o thou_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o my_o good_n come_v into_o thy_o possession_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n pupil_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v what_o they_o borrow_v yet_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v the_o rich_a by_o what_o they_o borrow_v a_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o they_o so_o likewise_o if_o thou_o contract_a with_o my_o debtor_n not_o as_o i_o but_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v another_o man_n and_o borrow_v my_o money_n of_o he_o thou_o stand_v bind_v to_o pay_v i_o not_o because_o i_o trust_v thou_o with_o my_o money_n which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o mutual_a consent_n but_o because_o my_o money_n come_v into_o thy_o possession_n it_o be_v both_o just_a and_o righteous_a that_o thou_o shall_v restore_v it_o to_o i_o as_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n our_o modern_a lawyer_n do_v prudent_o judge_v of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n by_o these_o as_o namely_o that_o he_o who_o good_n whilst_o he_o lay_v conceal_v have_v be_v sell_v when_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o exception_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o and_o that_o he_o that_o accommodate_v the_o father_n with_o money_n for_o his_o son_n maintenance_n if_o the_o father_n be_v not_o able_a to_o discharge_v the_o debt_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n against_o the_o son_n if_o he_o enjoy_v any_o good_n that_o be_v his_o mother_n these_o two_o rule_n be_v thorough_o understand_v may_v guide_v we_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n of_o conscience_n as_o be_v usual_o by_o as_o well_o lawyer_n as_o divine_n propose_v iii_o he_o that_o use_v another_o think_v it_o his_o own_o not_o bind_v to_o restore_v if_o the_o thing_n perish_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o hence_o appear_v that_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o what_o be_v another_o yet_o think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o restitution_n if_o the_o thing_n itself_o so_o possess_v do_v perish_v because_o he_o have_v neither_o the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o any_o gain_n by_o it_o but_o he_o that_o know_o possess_v what_o be_v another_o be_v bind_v not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o for_o his_o fact_n in_o detain_v it_o iv_o yet_o be_v he_o bind_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n in_o be_v if_o any_o be_v second_o he_o that_o through_o ignorance_n possess_v another_o right_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n but_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v extant_a the_o fruit_n i_o say_v of_o the_o thing_n but_o not_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o labour_n for_o though_o without_o the_o thing_n those_o fruit_n can_v not_o be_v perceive_v yet_o be_v they_o not_o due_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o without_o his_o labour_n can_v not_o have_v produce_v they_o now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o obligation_n arise_v from_o propriety_n for_o he_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v natural_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o fruit_n arise_v from_o the_o thing_n v._o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v consume_v unless_o otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o spend_v they_o three_o he_o that_o unknowing_o possess_v another_o man_n good_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n both_o of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o fruit_n that_o be_v spend_v if_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o must_v otherwise_o have_v spend_v as_o much_o of_o what_o be_v his_o own_o because_o he_o be_v by_o that_o so_o much_o the_o rich_a this_o suetonius_n high_o commend_v in_o caligula_n that_o those_o who_o he_o restore_v to_o their_o kingdom_n he_o likewise_o restore_v to_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o they_o for_o half_a the_o time_n they_o stand_v exile_v vi_o but_o not_o for_o those_o which_o he_o
valid_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n to_o fulfil_v it_o ix_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a do_v natural_o oblige_v explain_v by_o distinction_n x._o what_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o gain_v something_o that_o be_v before_o due_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o firm_a promise_n xii_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v valid_o make_v by_o other_o where_o also_o be_v discuss_v that_o of_o ambassador_n exceed_v their_o commission_n xiii_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n how_o far_o they_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n fourteen_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n valid_a acception_n in_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v requisite_a xv._o whether_o this_o acception_n ought_v to_o be_v certify_v to_o the_o promiser_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xvi_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v die_v before_o its_o acceptance_n xvii_o whether_o it_o be_v revocable_a the_o person_n die_v by_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v send_v explain_v by_o distinction_n xviii_o whether_o a_o promise_v be_v revocable_a be_v accept_v by_o another_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xix_o in_o what_o time_n a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v to_o a_o promise_n xx._n how_o a_o weak_a promise_n may_v be_v make_v firm_a and_o valid_a xxi_o a_o promise_v make_v without_o cause_n be_v not_o natural_o void_a xxii_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o it_o oblige_v natural_o i._o that_o natural_o a_o right_o may_v arise_v from_o promise_n by_o our_o method_n former_o design_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o obligation_n make_v by_o promise_n where_o we_o find_v franciscus_n connanus_n a_o man_n eminent_o learn_v oppose_v we_o who_o hold_v that_o those_o promise_n that_o be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n 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the_o same_o power_n over_o our_o action_n as_o we_o have_v over_o our_o good_n and_o herein_o likewise_o we_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o learned_a nay_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v that_o where_o the_o thing_n consult_v about_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o delay_n our_o silence_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o sponsion_n for_o as_o the_o lawyer_n say_v no_o title_n can_v be_v natural_o more_o assure_v than_o that_o which_o the_o proprietor_n do_v willing_o transfer_v to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v nothing_o so_o fit_a to_o preserve_v faithful_a deal_n among_o man_n as_o to_o observe_v and_o perform_v whatsoever_o be_v promise_v and_o agree_v upon_o between_o themselves_o so_o a_o decree_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n promise_v though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n assign_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v due_a but_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o he_o that_o promise_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n he_o say_v paulus_n 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the_o civil_a law_n to_o prevent_v the_o occasion_n of_o unnecessary_a suit_n do_v give_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n to_o exact_v it_o but_o tully_n in_o his_o office_n attribute_n so_o great_a a_o power_n to_o promise_n 1._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o make_v faithfulness_n to_o be_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o justice_n which_o horace_n also_o call_v the_o sister_n of_o justice_n as_o the_o platonist_n also_o do_v ofttimes_o express_v justice_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d come_v apul._n de_fw-fr plat._n plat._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr rep_n three_o degree_n of_o speak_v of_o thing_n to_o come_v truth_n which_o apuleius_n render_v by_o the_o word_n fidelity_n and_o simonides_n call_v it_o justice_n not_o only_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v but_o even_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o be_v to_o perform_v what_o we_o
if_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o now_o what_o we_o have_v before_o say_v concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v not_o amiss_o to_o be_v here_o repeat_v 4._o see_v b._n 3._o c._n 19_o §._o 4._o but_o what_o force_n or_o strength_n oath_n do_v add_v unto_o promise_n to_o confirm_v they_o shall_v be_v show_v anon_o viii_o what_o be_v promise_v aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n again_o that_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v strong_a and_o bind_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o thing_n promise_v either_o now_o be_v or_o hereafter_o may_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o promiser_n wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o no_o promise_n can_v bind_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v in_o itself_o unlawful_a for_o id_fw-la possumus_fw-la quod_fw-la jure_fw-la possumus_fw-la that_o only_o we_o can_v do_v which_o we_o can_v do_v which_o we_o can_v lawful_o do_v all_o promise_n receive_v their_o vigour_n from_o his_o 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this_o kind_n also_o for_o profit_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v bind_v we_o unto_o as_o when_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n shall_v promise_v to_o marry_v another_o hereafter_o be_v now_o already_o marry_v and_o not_o a_o few_o other_o promise_v make_v by_o minor_n and_o child_n while_o under_o their_o parent_n tuition_n xi_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o do_v a_o act_n simple_o evil_a oblige_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v demand_v whether_o a_o promise_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o act_n in_o itself_o vicious_a do_v natural_o oblige_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v promise_v a_o reward_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v kill_v another_o that_o this_o be_v a_o wicked_a promise_n do_v sufficient_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o it_o be_v make_v to_o excite_v a_o man_n to_o do_v a_o wicked_a act._n but_o yet_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v vicious_o do_v do_v lose_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o thing_n prodigal_o give_v wherein_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o gift_n be_v prodigal_o give_v retain_v thing_n prodigal_o give_v may_v lawful_o be_v retain_v the_o obliquity_n cease_v for_o the_o gift_n contract_v no_o soil_n from_o the_o giver_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v without_o sin_n be_v possess_v by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v but_o in_o promise_n make_v to_o a_o vicious_a end_n the_o vice_n remain_v so_o long_o till_o the_o crime_n be_v perpetrate_v for_o so_o long_a the_o very_a fulfil_n of_o the_o promise_n be_v a_o incentive_a to_o vice_n must_v needs_o be_v sinful_a which_o begin_v to_o cease_v when_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o such_o a_o promise_n until_o that_o time_n do_v hang_v in_o suspense_n as_o i_o say_v before_o concern_v the_o thing_n promise_v be_v not_o in_o our_o own_o power_n but_o the_o crime_n be_v do_v than_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o that_o promise_n break_v forth_o which_o from_o the_o beginning_n be_v not_o intrinsical_o want_v but_o hinder_v by_o a_o vice_n that_o be_v accidental_a a_o example_n hereof_o we_o have_v in_o judah_n the_o son_n of_o jacob_n 11._o judah_n promise_n to_o thamar_n gen._n 38._o val._n max._n l._n 8._o lib._n 2._o n._n 2._o ch._n 12._o §._o 9_o 10_o 11._o who_o perform_v his_o promise_n unto_o thamar_n who_o he_o deal_v with_o as_o with_o a_o harlot_n by_o send_v she_o the_o reward_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n then_o in_o force_n be_v due_a unto_o she_o though_o it_o be_v otherwise_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o sentence_n which_o c._n aquilius_n pass_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o in_o case_n that_o promise_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o fraud_n or_o injustice_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v or_o if_o it_o be_v make_v upon_o any_o unequal_a term_n or_o condition_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v rectify_v be_v another_o question_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v anon_o x._o concern_v a_o promise_n of_o that_o which_o be_v former_o due_a 2._o see_v book_n 2._o c._n 6._o §._o 2._o but_o when_o any_o promise_n be_v make_v for_o some_o cause_n former_o due_a it_o be_v not_o thereby_o the_o less_o due_a if_o we_o look_v unto_o natural_a right_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v our_o acceptance_n of_o that_o which_o be_v another_o because_o promise_n be_v natural_o debt_n though_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n precede_v but_o here_o also_o if_o any_o damage_n accrue_v by_o extortion_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o inequality_n in_o the_o agreement_n make_v that_o damage_n be_v to_o be_v repair_v according_a to_o such_o rule_n as_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o anon_o xi_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o firm_a promise_n make_v by_o ourselves_o now_o as_o to_o what_o appertain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o promise_v it_o require_v as_o i_o say_v before_o concern_v the_o alienation_n of_o dominion_n some_o external_a act_n or_o sign_n sufficient_a to_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n which_o may_v be_v do_v sometime_o by_o a_o beck_n or_o nod_n but_o be_v usual_o do_v either_o by_o voice_n or_o writing_n xii_o of_o the_o like_a make_v by_o other_o but_o we_o may_v also_o be_v bind_v up_o by_o another_o man_n act_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o have_v depute_v and_o empower_v he_o to_o act_v for_o we_o either_o as_o our_o instrument_n in_o that_o particular_a business_n or_o under_o some_o general_a notion_n or_o qualification_n and_o it_o may_v likewise_o happen_v that_o where_o the_o commission_n be_v to_o act_v in_o general_n he_o that_o be_v so_o commissionated_a may_v oblige_v we_o by_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o private_a instruction_n for_o here_o be_v two_o distinct_a act_n of_o the_o will_n the_o one_o whereby_o we_o oblige_v ourselves_o to_o confirm_v and_o ratify_v whatsoever_o our_o agent_n shall_v do_v in_o such_o a_o business_n command_n of_o ambassador_n exceed_v their_o private_a command_n the_o other_o whereby_o we_o oblige_v our_o say_a agent_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o act_v beyond_o our_o secret_a instruction_n this_o we_o observe_v in_o relation_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o ambassador_n do_v promise_n for_o their_o master_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o instruction_n or_o letter_n of_o credence_n but_o exceed_v their_o secret_a command_n xiii_o the_o obligatition_n of_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n how_o far_o they_o natural_o extend_v from_o hence_o also_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o such_o action_n as_o be_v bring_v against_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o factor_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o good_n transport_v by_o sea_n into_o foreign_a part_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o action_n as_o quality_n of_o action_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o here_o we_o can_v but_o note_v the_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n which_o by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o master_n do_v bind_v every_o one_o of_o the_o mariner_n for_o and_o in_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v both_o repugnant_a to_o natural_a equity_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v satisfy_v if_o every_o mariner_n be_v bind_v for_o what_o concern_v himself_o and_o also_o damagable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o man_n will_v thereby_o be_v deter_v from_o navigate_a the_o sea_n fear_v to_o be_v so_o strict_o and_o as_o it_o be_v infinite_o bind_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o master_n insomuch_o that_o in_o holland_n a_o country_n of_o late_a famous_a for_o merchandize_v this_o roman_a law_n both_o of_o old_a be_v and_o now_o be_v of_o no_o force_n nay_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n in_o general_a shall_v each_o of_o they_o be_v bind_v no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o value_n of_o
l._n 3._o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o xenophon_n but_o what_o exception_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n admit_v of_o in_o these_o case_n shall_v be_v discourse_v of_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n xi_o equality_n in_o the_o act_n itself_o if_o it_o be_v permutatory_n in_o the_o very_a principal_a act_n of_o contract_n there_o be_v also_o require_v this_o equality_n that_o no_o more_o be_v exact_v than_o what_o be_v fit_a which_o rule_n be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o such_o act_n as_o be_v beneficent_a for_o if_o i_o will_v give_v somewhat_o more_o by_o way_n of_o reward_n either_o for_o work_v do_v at_o my_o command_n or_o for_o thing_n lend_v i_o or_o for_o preserve_v thing_n deposit_v than_o be_v just_o due_a i_o do_v no_o man_n wrong_v i_o do_v but_o mix_v the_o act_n by_o make_v it_o partly_o permutatory_n and_o partly_o gratuitous_a but_o in_o all_o permutatory_n contract_v this_o equality_n be_v punctual_o to_o be_v observe_v neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o pretend_v that_o what_o be_v either_o promise_v or_o give_v by_o either_o party_n more_o than_o be_v due_a may_v be_v account_v as_o a_o donative_n for_o this_o be_v not_o the_o usual_a meaning_n of_o contractor_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v so_o presume_v unless_o by_o some_o act_n or_o word_n it_o be_v so_o declare_v receiver_n a_o just_a proportion_n to_o be_v observe_v between_o the_o giver_n and_o the_o receiver_n for_o whatsoever_o either_o party_n do_v either_o give_v or_o promise_v be_v but_o in_o proportion_n to_o what_o they_o expect_v to_o receive_v and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o even_o the_o balance_n insomuch_o that_o st._n chrysostom_n be_v of_o opinion_n and_o not_o without_o reason_n that_o in_o contract_n as_o often_o as_o we_o strive_v earnest_o to_o buy_v any_o thing_n for_o less_o than_o it_o be_v worth_a or_o to_o have_v more_o than_o our_o just_a measure_n or_o weight_n there_o be_v in_o that_o fact_n a_o kind_n of_o theft_n he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o isidore_n in_o photius_n tell_v a_o story_n of_o one_o hermias_n who_o have_v buy_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v judge_v more_o worth_a than_o he_o pay_v for_o it_o will_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n add_v as_o much_o as_o it_o want_v of_o the_o true_a value_n hold_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o injustice_n to_o detain_v it_o but_o such_o a_o injustice_n as_o few_o man_n than_o understand_v and_o as_o few_o now_o adays_o will_v scruple_n at_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n do_v the_o jewish_a doctor_n interpret_v that_o law_n of_o moses_n 17._o leu._n 25.14_o and_o 17._o if_o thou_o selle_v aught_o to_o thy_o neighbour_n or_o buy_v aught_o of_o thy_o neighbour_n hand_n you_o shall_v not_o oppress_v one_o anocher_n xii_o and_o in_o the_o thing_n contract_v for_o yet_o far_o though_o both_o party_n have_v equal_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n contract_v for_o and_o also_o equal_a freedom_n of_o will_n so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o conceal_v that_o shall_v be_v discover_v nor_o a_o great_a price_n exact_v than_o be_v think_v to_o be_v due_a yet_o if_o there_o prove_v to_o be_v any_o inequality_n in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o which_o the_o party_n themselves_o can_v not_o discern_v or_o that_o there_o be_v a_o mistake_n of_o the_o just_a price_n or_o value_n than_o that_o error_n or_o mistake_n be_v to_o be_v rectify_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o he_o that_o have_v too_o much_o must_v impart_v to_o he_o that_o have_v too_o little_a because_o in_o that_o contract_n it_o be_v or_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v the_o mind_n and_o meaning_n of_o both_o party_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o even_a balance_n in_o a_o right_a estimation_n and_o yet_o do_v not_o the_o roman_a law_n require_v this_o in_o every_o unequal_a contract_n lex_fw-la minima_fw-la non_fw-la persequitur_fw-la lex_fw-la in_o case_n the_o inequality_n be_v but_o small_a the_o law_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o it_o to_o prevent_v multitude_n of_o suit_n but_o only_o where_o the_o inequality_n be_v weighty_a as_o where_o it_o exceed_v half_a of_o the_o just_a value_n for_o the_o law_n as_o cicero_n say_v restrain_v iniquity_n by_o pinnacle_v the_o hand_n but_o philosophy_n by_o reason_n and_o understanding_n but_o they_o that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o civil_a law_n aught_o to_o follow_v that_o which_o by_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n seem_v unto_o they_o righteous_a yea_o and_o they_o also_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o law_n so_o oft_o as_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o piety_n and_o religion_n if_o the_o law_n do_v neither_o give_v nor_o take_v away_o right_o but_o only_o deny_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n unto_o it_o for_o some_o certain_a reason_n xiii_o what_o equality_n take_v place_n in_o act_n mere_o or_o in_o part_n beneficent_a but_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o equality_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v even_o in_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v beneficent_a yet_o not_o altogether_o so_o strict_a as_o be_v in_o those_o that_o be_v permutatory_n but_o as_o the_o case_n of_o such_o contract_n may_v be_v suppose_v namely_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o good_a he_o do_v for_o example_n that_o he_o who_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o obedience_n to_o another_o command_n shall_v be_v save_v harmless_a and_o indemnifyed_a as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o charge_n as_o of_o any_o loss_n sustain_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o that_o command_n again_o lend_v thing_n lend_v that_o he_o to_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v free_o lend_v shall_v satisfy_v the_o just_a value_n if_o the_o thing_n perish_v in_o his_o custody_n because_o he_o stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o owner_n not_o only_o for_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o to_o be_v thankful_a for_o the_o courtesy_n do_v he_o in_o the_o loan_n thereof_o unless_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o thing_n so_o lend_v have_v certain_o so_o perish_v have_v it_o continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n for_o in_o this_o case_n he_o lose_v nothing_o by_o the_o loan_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o with_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v deposit_v deposit_v thing_n deposit_v receive_v nothing_o but_o a_o bare_a trust_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o thing_n miscarry_v he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n neither_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n trust_v there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o be_v neither_o be_v the_o trustee_n any_o thing_n the_o rich_a for_o it_o nor_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o acceptance_n of_o the_o trust_n because_o thereby_o he_o receive_v no_o courtesy_n but_o do_v one_o and_o as_o to_o thing_n pawn_v as_o also_o in_o thing_n let_v out_o to_o hire_v a_o middle_a way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o in_o every_o case_n of_o loss_n the_o receiver_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n as_o he_o be_v to_o who_o a_o thing_n be_v lend_v yet_o be_v a_o much_o great_a care_n require_v from_o he_o to_o preserve_v it_o than_o of_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v bare_o to_o trust_v because_o the_o acceptance_n of_o it_o though_o gratuitous_a yet_o usual_o come_v very_o near_o unto_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v burdensome_a all_o which_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o be_v original_o extract_v from_o natural_a equity_n and_o be_v therefore_o find_v to_o be_v of_o force_n among_o other_o nation_n as_o among_o other_o of_o the_o hebrew_n 13._o see_v exod._n 22_o 6_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o for_o so_o moses_n maimonides_n testify_v and_o hereunto_o have_v seneca_n respect_n 19_o respect_n de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr l._n 7._o c._n 19_o when_o he_o say_v that_o some_o owe_v fidelity_n and_o other_o tutelage_n and_o protection_n and_o by_o these_o rule_v we_o may_v easy_o pass_v our_o judgement_n upon_o other_o contract_n but_o now_o have_v as_o far_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o our_o purpose_n sufficient_o discourse_v of_o contract_n in_o general_a we_o shall_v brief_o handle_v some_o more_o particular_a question_n concern_v they_o fourteen_o concern_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n how_o they_o may_v be_v dear_a or_o cheap_a the_o most_o natural_a measure_n whereby_o the_o true_a value_n of_o every_o thing_n be_v know_v be_v by_o the_o want_n of_o it_o as_o aristotle_n right_o observe_v which_o rule_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n do_v very_o strict_o walk_v by_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o the_o only_a rule_n that_o guide_v the_o value_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n like_o a_o empress_n covet_v many_o thing_n for_o their_o rarity_n which_o be_v not_o pure_o necessary_a margaritis_fw-la pretia_fw-mi luxuria_fw-la fecit_fw-la it_o be_v pride_n that_o give_v the_o price_n to_o pearl_n say_v pliny_n coral_n pliny_n lib._n 32._o pearl_n â—nd_v coral_n and_o in_o another_o place_n look_v say_v he_o what_o value_n we_o put_v upon_o
some_o contract_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o usury_n and_o be_v vulgar_o so_o account_v which_o yet_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n as_o when_o the_o lender_n require_v somewhat_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a detention_n of_o his_o money_n lend_v or_o be_v frustrate_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n that_o he_o may_v have_v make_v by_o it_o deduct_v notwithstanding_o somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o those_o hope_n and_o also_o for_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n he_o must_v have_v run_v for_o it_o so_o likewise_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o he_o that_o lend_v money_n to_o many_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n keep_v his_o money_n ready_a with_o his_o book_n of_o account_n and_o for_o the_o danger_n he_o run_v of_o lose_v the_o principal_a where_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o secure_v if_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o case_n be_v require_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v usury_n and_o if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o opinion_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v of_o it_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o they_o hate_v the_o word_n foenus_fw-la so_o they_o will_v easy_o admit_v of_o vsura_fw-la vsura_fw-la non_fw-la propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la petentium_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la moram_fw-la solventium_fw-la not_o that_o the_o lender_n desire_v to_o make_v again_o by_o the_o want_v of_o the_o borrower_n but_o because_o his_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n agree_v on_o the_o difference_n be_v only_o this_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la and_o usura_fw-la how_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la be_v that_o which_o we_o contract_v for_o more_o than_o the_o principal_n mere_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o vsura_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v give_v more_o than_o the_o principal_n lest_o the_o lender_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o principal_n but_o since_o this_o word_n vsura_fw-la be_v abuse_v by_o some_o have_v get_v a_o ill_a report_n therefore_o have_v this_o latter_a age_n substitute_v in_o its_o room_n the_o word_n interest_n demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o pantaenetus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o usurer_n that_o lend_v what_o he_o have_v get_v either_o by_o merchandize_v or_o by_o his_o honest_a labour_n sub_fw-la modico_fw-la lucello_fw-la for_o some_o moderate_a gain_n partly_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v what_o he_o have_v so_o get_v and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v another_o it_o be_v record_v of_o germanus_n kinsman_n to_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v money_n to_o every_o man_n that_o need_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n true_n it_o be_v that_o the_o scripture_n the_o father_n the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o decretal_n do_v all_o declaim_v against_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o civilian_n baldus_n call_v it_o a_o profitable_a theft_n or_o piracy_n bartolus_n condemn_v all_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o most_o commonwealth_n yet_o be_v they_o content_v to_o tolerate_v it_o be_v restrain_v and_o moderate_v the_o hebrew_n word_n nishech_n signify_v a_o bite_a or_o grind_v usury_n such_o a_o lend_n of_o money_n as_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o charity_n devour_v the_o poor_a borrower_n the_o matter_n that_o bind_v the_o conscience_n be_v the_o debtor_n gain_v nothing_o by_o the_o money_n lend_v and_o not_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n it_o be_v a_o more_o bite_a usury_n to_o take_v 2_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o he_o that_o get_v nothing_o than_o to_o receive_v 6_o or_o 8_o of_o he_o that_o make_v thereof_o a_o great_a gain_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o among_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o rob_v the_o rich_a no_o man_n be_v by_o the_o law_n bind_v or_o so_o much_o as_o admonish_v to_o lend_v to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o need_n and_o in_o case_n another_o man_n gain_n by_o what_o be_v i_o natural_a equity_n require_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v a_o gainer_n by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o by_o my_o mean_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a again_o if_o to_o a_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o present_a want_n i_o lend_v free_o until_o such_o a_o time_n prefix_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o of_o payment_n and_o i_o thereby_o incur_v any_o damage_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o damage_n and_o so_o interest_n may_v be_v due_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v also_o if_o a_o tradesman_n lend_v his_o money_n which_o he_o can_v spare_v till_o such_o a_o mart_n to_o be_v then_o pay_v and_o the_o borrower_n fail_v in_o his_o payment_n whereby_o he_o be_v disable_v to_o drive_v on_o his_o trade_n for_o the_o next_o year_n then_o shall_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o damage_n the_o lender_n sustain_v propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o our_o hope_n of_o gain_n cease_v again_o four_o man_n be_v partner_n in_o one_o shop_n two_o be_v age_a supply_n money_n the_o other_o two_o be_v young_a and_o active_a do_v take_v pain_n to_o improve_v it_o if_o they_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o care_n gain_v 20_o or_o 30_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o pay_v the_o other_o two_o be_v past_o their_o labour_n 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o their_o maintenance_n can_v this_o be_v call_v bite_a usury_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o two_o lender_n take_v no_o pain_n nor_o run_v any_o hazard_n i_o answer_v yes_o they_o do_v doubtless_o take_v pain_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o they_o do_v now_o run_v a_o hazard_n by_o lend_v their_o money_n to_o they_o that_o be_v painful_a but_o have_v nothing_o it_o be_v record_v by_o procopius_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o germanus_n 3._o proc._n got._n l._n 3._o a_o kinsman_n of_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o such_o as_o need_v it_o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n our_o king_n edgar_n forbid_v usury_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o send_v away_o all_o the_o banker_n who_o gregory_n the_o ten_o have_v send_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o england_n and_o place_v in_o lumbardstreet_n henry_n the_o eight_o allow_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o one_o year_n which_o edward_n the_o six_o repeal_v queen_n elizabeth_z tolerate_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o do_v king_n james_n which_o charles_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n which_o yet_o continue_v xxii_o what_o power_n the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o case_n but_o these_o humane_a law_n that_o tolerate_v a_o moderate_a gain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o in_o holland_n they_o permit_v 8_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o some_o and_o 12_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o merchant_n for_o a_o year_n as_o a_o reasonable_a compensation_n for_o that_o loss_n which_o the_o lender_n do_v or_o may_v sustain_v by_o the_o forbearance_n of_o his_o money_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o divine_a but_o if_o they_o exceed_v this_o rate_n those_o law_n may_v afford_v impunity_n but_o no_o just_a right_n xxiii_o how_o contract_v concern_v ensurance_n be_v to_o be_v value_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o ensure_v of_o good_n from_o casualty_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v altogether_o void_a if_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n do_v know_v that_o the_o good_n be_v already_o safe_o arrive_v at_o the_o port_n or_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v bind_v or_o that_o they_o be_v perish_v by_o the_o way_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o parity_n or_o equality_n of_o knowledge_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v between_o such_o contractor_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o contract_n which_o be_v a_o loss_n but_o uncertain_a which_o in_o respect_n of_o both_o party_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v but_o at_o what_o rate_n these_o good_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v depend_v upon_o common_a estimation_n xxiv_o how_o in_o society_n with_o their_o several_a kind_n in_o social_a negotiation_n where_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o company_n if_o every_o member_n contribute_v a_o equal_a proportion_n in_o money_n their_o gain_n or_o loss_n shall_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v unequal_a every_o member_n shall_v be_v rate_v according_a to_o his_o proportion_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v where_o the_o traffic_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o joint_a service_n according_o as_o the_o service_n be_v by_o agreement_n either_o equal_o or_o unequal_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o yet_o in_o such_o negotiation_n service_n may_v be_v set_v against_o money_n
swear_v that_o create_v this_o obligation_n it_o be_v a_o error_n in_o cicero_n to_o hold_v it_o no_o perjury_n si_fw-mi praedonibus_fw-la pactum_fw-la pro_fw-la capite_fw-la pretium_fw-la non_fw-la attuleris_fw-la nulla_fw-la fraus_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la juratus_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la feceris_fw-la de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o though_o a_o man_n do_v not_o pay_v the_o money_n which_o he_o promise_v by_o oath_n to_o robber_n for_o save_v his_o life_n because_o a_o pirate_n be_v not_o a_o particular_a enemy_n to_o this_o or_o that_o nation_n but_o a_o common_a enemy_n to_o all_o mankind_n cum_fw-la quo_fw-la nec_fw-la fides_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nec_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la commune_v with_o who_o say_v he_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o keep_v either_o faith_n or_o common_a oath_n the_o very_a same_o he_o elsewhere_o say_v of_o tyrant_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o any_o oath_n or_o promise_n they_o make_v to_o or_o with_o they_o for_o though_o the_o difference_n be_v vast_a between_o a_o enemy_n and_o a_o pirate_n yet_o will_v not_o that_o difference_n much_o alter_v the_o case_n where_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o god_n and_o not_o with_o man_n and_o though_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o as_o that_o he_o can_v claim_v a_o right_n in_o what_o be_v so_o promise_v yet_o to_o perform_v it_o be_v swear_v be_v a_o duty_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o therefore_o be_v a_o oath_n term_v a_o vow_n vow_n it_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o vow_n because_o be_v make_v to_o god_n we_o stand_v oblige_v before_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o neither_o can_v we_o grant_v what_o cicero_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v no_o society_n of_o right_n with_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoever_o be_v deposit_v with_o we_o by_o a_o pirate_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o triphonius_n right_o state_v this_o question_n wherefore_o neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o lay_v down_o the_o ransom_n which_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o pay_v so_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o take_v it_o away_o again_o because_o when_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o god_n we_o ought_v to_o deal_v simple_o and_o sincere_o so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v some_o effect_n and_o better_o it_o be_v to_o bear_v a_o temporal_a loss_n lysand_n vita_fw-la lysand_n than_o to_o provoke_v god_n by_o the_o breach_n of_o our_o vow_n for_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v qui_fw-la juramento_fw-la hostem_fw-la circumvenit_fw-la be_v ostendit_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o se_fw-la metui_fw-la deum_fw-la contemni_fw-la he_o that_o circumvent_v a_o enemy_n by_o a_o false_a oath_n plain_o discover_v that_o he_o fear_v his_o enemy_n but_o despise_v god_n yet_o that_o what_o be_v so_o pay_v may_v by_o a_o due_a course_n of_o law_n be_v recover_v notwithstanding_o our_o oath_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aquinas_n 7._o 2da_fw-la 2dae_fw-la q._n 89._o art_n 7._o and_o therefore_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v leave_n to_o depart_v upon_o his_o oath_n give_v to_o return_v though_o he_o come_v private_o back_o and_o then_o depart_v do_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n satisfy_v his_o oath_n yet_o if_o a_o man_n do_v haply_o break_v his_o faith_n with_o a_o pirate_n or_o a_o robber_n whether_o swear_v or_o unsworn_a he_o shall_v thereby_o incur_v no_o penalty_n among_o other_o nation_n for_o general_o all_o nation_n in_o detestation_n of_o these_o man_n who_o they_o account_v as_o common_a enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n be_v please_v to_o connive_v at_o whatsoever_o be_v though_o unjust_o do_v against_o they_o for_o they_o that_o break_v the_o communion_n and_o league_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n be_v common_a enemy_n and_o can_v have_v no_o right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n xvi_o whether_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o faithless_a but_o it_o be_v far_o question_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o keep_v faith_n with_o they_o who_o keep_v not_o they_o with_o we_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o of_o accius_n may_v be_v in_o this_o sense_n approve_v of_o namely_o t._n thy_o faith_n thou_o break_a haste_n a._n which_o i_o never_o give_v nor_o to_o the_o faithless_a give_v if_o our_o promise_n make_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n be_v manifest_o ground_v on_o some_o other_o promise_n which_o be_v as_o a_o condition_n whereunto_o we_o relate_v than_o that_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v make_v void_a our_o promise_n though_o confirm_v by_o oath_n but_o if_o the_o two_o promise_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n and_o do_v not_o mutual_o respect_v each_o other_o than_o each_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o he_o that_o swear_v it_o without_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o what_o the_o other_o do_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o silius_n so_o high_o extol_v the_o fact_n of_o regulus_n in_o that_o he_o keep_v his_o faith_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o have_v be_v so_o often_o know_v to_o break_v they_o with_o the_o roman_n a_o manifest_a inequality_n in_o contract_n do_v natural_o afford_v cause_n sufficient_a either_o to_o reform_v or_o rescind_v they_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v change_v somewhat_o herein_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v in_o force_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o same_o people_n recourse_n be_v often_o have_v to_o that_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v allow_v as_o we_o have_v also_o elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o if_o the_o contract_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o a_o oath_n notwithstanding_o this_o inequality_n our_o faith_n give_v unto_o god_n must_v be_v observe_v the_o psalmist_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o good_a man_n psal_n 15._o that_o if_o he_o swear_v to_o his_o neighbour_n he_o disappoint_v he_o not_o though_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n xvii_o how_o far_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o promise_n stand_v oblige_v and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o where_o no_o right_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o person_n with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o such_o defect_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o oath_n that_o we_o have_v make_v to_o god_n there_o the_o hire_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o oath_n be_v not_o bind_v for_o although_o transeunt_fw-la bona_fw-la cum_fw-la onere_fw-la the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a do_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n with_o the_o debt_n which_o he_o owe_v i_o mean_v those_o good_n which_o be_v use_v in_o commerce_n with_o man_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o debt_n of_o mere_a piety_n gratitude_n or_o fidelity_n oblige_v his_o child_n for_o these_o do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o that_o right_n which_o among_o man_n be_v strict_o so_o call_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v xviii_o two_o case_n wherein_o the_o obligation_n cease_v moreover_o where_o the_o promise_n confer_v no_o right_a to_o the_o person_n yet_o if_o be_v swear_v it_o seem_v to_o respect_v another_o profit_n if_o that_o man_n will_v not_o accept_v thereof_o or_o if_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o release_v the_o promiser_n the_o oath_n shall_v not_o bind_v he_o so_o also_o if_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n cease_v in_o reference_n whereunto_o a_o man_n swear_v than_o the_o oath_n make_v to_o that_o person_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o quality_n be_v of_o no_o force_n as_o if_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v recede_v from_o his_o dignity_n and_o become_v a_o private_a man_n the_o obligation_n make_v by_o oath_n to_o he_o cease_v as_o curio_n right_o inform_v domitius_n his_o soldier_n who_o scruple_v at_o the_o oath_n they_o have_v former_o take_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o you_o say_v he_o shall_v be_v bind_v by_o oath_n unto_o he_o who_o have_v throw_v away_o the_o ensign_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o renounce_v his_o kingdom_n be_v now_o become_v a_o private_a man_n and_o a_o prisoner_n to_o a_o strange_a prince_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v that_o the_o oath_n have_v lose_v its_o oblige_a power_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o prince_n freedom_n xix_o when_o that_o which_o be_v do_v against_o a_o oath_n be_v void_a another_o question_n be_v sometime_o make_v whether_o a_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o a_o oath_n be_v unlawful_a only_o or_o void_a where_o we_o must_v distinguish_v for_o if_o our_o faith_n only_o be_v engage_v the_o act_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o our_o oath_n shall_v stand_v good_a as_o in_o testament_n and_o bargain_n and_o sales_n but_o in_o case_n the_o oath_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o comprehend_v a_o utter_a abdication_n of_o any_o power_n to_o do_v that_o act_n then_o shall_v the_o oath_n prevail_v and_o the_o subsequent_a act_n be_v make_v
on_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v revoke_v although_o the_o contract_n be_v agreeable_a to_o honesty_n and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o bind_v because_o he_o have_v swear_v but_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o such_o just_a covenant_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o other_o party_n but_o we_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o distinguish_v so_o do_v we_o here_o between_o the_o act_n of_o king_n which_o they_o do_v as_o king_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o the_o same_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v so_o esteem_v as_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o over_o such_o act_n as_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n because_o the_o community_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o itself_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o prerogative_n law_n of_o a_o king_n null_a his_o own_o public_a act_n because_o a_o king_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o himself_o wherefore_o restitution_n which_o receive_v its_o vigour_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n only_o be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o such_o contract_n neither_o be_v those_o contract_n to_o be_v exempt_v which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o minority_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v without_o all_o question_n if_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n yet_o not_o with_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n but_o restrain_v he_o with_o some_o law_n then_o what_o act_v he_o shall_v do_v contrary_a to_o those_o law_n may_v by_o those_o law_n be_v make_v null_n either_o altogether_o or_o in_o part_n because_o the_o people_n do_v reserve_v that_o right_n unto_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v reign_v in_o full_a right_n i._n e._n not_o bound_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o hold_v not_o his_o kingdom_n in_o propriety_n i._n e._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o revenue_n all_o such_o act_n of_o his_o that_o shall_v tend_v to_o such_o a_o alienation_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n void_a because_o what_o he_o so_o alienates_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o private_a act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o community_n but_o as_o the_o act_n of_o a_o part_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v with_o a_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v follow_v the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o the_o law_n which_o make_v void_a some_o act_n either_o simple_o or_o if_o the_o person_n damnify_v will_n shall_v take_v place_n even_o here_o also_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v contract_v upon_o this_o condition_n so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o king_n who_o have_v consult_v the_o law_n for_o remedy_n against_o extortion_n yet_o may_v a_o king_n if_o he_o please_v exempt_v from_o those_o law_n his_o own_o act_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v so_o do_v or_o not_o must_v be_v gather_v from_o circumstance_n if_o he_o do_v then_o shall_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n determine_v the_o case_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o where_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n not_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o person_n act_v but_o as_o his_o punishment_n those_o law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o the_o act_n of_o king_n nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o penal_a law_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o imply_v vim_o cogendi_fw-la a_o power_n coercive_a for_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o compel_v can_v proceed_v but_o from_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a will_n and_o so_o from_o distinct_a person_n neither_o can_v the_o compeller_n and_o the_o compel_v be_v any_o one_o person_n though_o under_o diverse_a respect_n iii_o when_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o a_o king_n may_v make_v void_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o a_o private_a man_n antecedenter_n i._n e._n if_o by_o a_o former_a oath_n he_o have_v deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n to_o oblige_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o consequent_o he_o can_v for_o herein_o also_o be_v require_v a_o distinction_n of_o person_n beside_o to_o every_o such_o absolution_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o in_o the_o very_a oath_n before_o take_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v this_o limitation_n or_o exception_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v nisi_fw-la superior_a voluerit_fw-la unless_o my_o prince_n command_v the_o contrary_a which_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v admit_v because_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n superior_a to_o himself_o or_o to_o make_v his_o oath_n still_o to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o will_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o whereas_o a_o oath_n though_o make_v may_v confer_v no_o right_n to_o another_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o default_n in_o that_o person_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o swear_v bind_v before_o god_n to_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o thus_o also_o be_v king_n bind_v by_o their_o oath_n which_o they_o make_v no_o less_o than_o private_a man_n though_o bodinus_fw-la think_v otherwise_o iv_o how_o far_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o those_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v without_o cause_n we_o have_v likewise_o already_o show_v that_o full_a and_o absolute_a promise_n be_v accept_v of_o do_v natural_o transfer_v our_o right_n to_o another_o now_o this_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o king_n as_o in_o private_a man_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n which_o they_o make_v without_o good_a cause_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o v._o of_o what_o use_n that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n be_v well_o acknowledge_v by_o vasquius_fw-la but_o that_o which_o he_o will_v thence_o infer_v namely_o that_o what_o be_v by_o he_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o no_o price_n certain_a or_o what_o be_v by_o he_o let_v or_o take_v to_o hire_v without_o any_o rent_n agree_v on_o or_o what_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o in_o fee_n without_o any_o write_n or_o grant_v under_o his_o hand_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n we_o can_v admit_v for_o these_o act_n be_v do_v by_o he_o not_o as_o a_o king_n but_o as_o any_o private_a person_n and_o over_o such_o act_n as_o these_o not_o only_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o even_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o city_n wherein_o the_o king_n reside_v have_v power_n because_o the_o king_n for_o some_o special_a reason_n place_v himself_o there_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o corporation_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o good_a circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o those_o act_n of_o his_o shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o other_o example_n bring_v by_o the_o same_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v a_o promise_n any_o way_n make_v do_v very_o well_o agree_v and_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o by_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o civilian_n do_v general_o affirm_v that_o the_o covenant_n which_o a_o king_n enter_v into_o with_o his_o subject_n do_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a for_o that_o be_v sometime_o corrupt_o say_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o yet_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a as_o for_o a_o executor_n to_o pay_v the_o entire_a legacy_n without_o defalcation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o testator_n estate_n leave_v he_o or_o to_o pay_v a_o just_a debt_n though_o the_o creditor_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n uncapable_a of_o receive_v it_o or_o to_o requite_v a_o courtesy_n receive_v all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v recover_v by_o any_o action_n at_o law_n sometime_o again_o that_o be_v more_o proper_o say_v natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v indeed_o true_o obligatory_a whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o transfer_v a_o right_a unto_o another_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o such_o as_o transfer_v none_o as_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a pollicitation_n maimonides_n the_o jew_n do_v very_o apt_o distinguish_v between_o these_o three_o whatsoever_o come_v more_o than_o be_v due_a fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o mercy_n which_o
be_v but_o the_o overflowing_n of_o a_o good_a nature_n distinguish_v mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n distinguish_v such_o be_v good_a work_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o bounty_n and_o munificence_n second_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o be_v strict_o bind_v to_o do_v which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v judgement_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n only_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v this_o they_o call_v righteousness_n or_o equity_n which_o three_o some_o expositor_n upon_o that_o of_o mat._n 23.23_o render_v by_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o fidelity_n whereby_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o greek_n do_v common_o understand_v righteousness_n and_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d judgement_n that_o which_o we_o be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o do_v as_o we_o may_v find_v 1_o mac._n 7.18_o &_o 32._o moreover_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v civil_o oblige_v by_o his_o own_o act_n either_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o obligation_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o mere_a right_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o a_o civil_a right_n or_o from_o both_o or_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o a_o action_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v lie_v against_o he_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o covenant_n and_o promise_n which_o a_o king_n make_v with_o his_o people_n there_o may_v arise_v such_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a obligation_n as_o may_v confer_v a_o right_n unto_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o promise_n and_o contract_n even_o between_o god_n and_o man_n as_o we_o have_v show_v already_o if_o the_o act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o man_n the_o civil_a law_n shall_v bind_v he_o but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o he_o mere_o as_o a_o king_n the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o reach_v he_o which_o difference_n be_v not_o by_o vasquius_fw-la sufficient_o observe_v nevertheless_o a_o action_n may_v arise_v from_o either_o of_o these_o act_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o no_o enforcement_n there_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n for_o that_o subject_n shall_v compel_v he_o who_o subject_n they_o be_v be_v not_o lawful_a which_o equal_v may_v do_v against_o equal_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o superior_n against_o inferior_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o how_o a_o right_o gain_v by_o subject_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v note_v that_o a_o king_n may_v take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o his_o subject_n two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o this_o latter_a way_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o some_o public_a profit_n and_o then_o also_o the_o subject_n must_v receive_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a a_o just_a satisfaction_n out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n for_o the_o loss_n he_o shall_v sustain_v this_o therefore_o as_o it_o hold_v in_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o in_o that_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o either_o promise_n or_o contract_n viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a law_n reject_v neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n whether_o the_o right_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o king_n have_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o subject_a without_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v against_o natural_a right_n that_o what_o dominion_n or_o other_o right_n a_o man_n have_v lawful_o gain_v to_o himself_o he_o shall_v be_v causeless_o deprive_v of_o and_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v it_o he_o ought_v without_o doubt_n to_o make_v restitution_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v sustain_v because_o he_o do_v thereby_o violate_v the_o true_a right_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o right_n of_o stranger_n much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o subject_n for_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o no_o respect_n be_v subject_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v under_o that_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n as_o the_o right_n of_o subject_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a unless_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n whereof_o hereafter_o ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v upon_o how_o sandy_a a_o foundation_n they_o build_v who_o hold_v all_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n to_o be_v law_n for_o from_o the_o law_n there_o arise_v no_o right_a against_o a_o king_n to_o any_o man_n therefore_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o repeal_v those_o law_n he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v any_o man_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o good_a cause_n he_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n but_o from_o promise_n and_o contract_v a_o man_n may_v claim_v a_o right_n for_o by_o contract_v the_o contractor_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o by_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v subject_n yet_o may_v some_o thing_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a nature_n partly_o by_o contract_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o law_n as_o when_o a_o king_n contract_v with_o a_o neighbour_n king_n or_o with_o farmer_n of_o his_o revenue_n which_o he_o present_o proclaim_v a_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o contain_v what_o be_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v observe_v x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n his_o heir_n may_v stand_v bind_v let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o successor_n concern_v who_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n together_o with_o his_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n either_o by_o his_o testament_n or_o from_o a_o intestate_a and_o between_o those_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n only_o either_o by_o a_o new_a election_n or_o by_o prescript_n and_o that_o either_o in_o imitation_n of_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n or_o otherwise_o or_o whether_o they_o succeed_v by_o any_o mix_v right_o for_o they_o that_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n with_o the_o kingdom_n be_v without_o doubt_n oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o contract_n and_o promise_v of_o the_o decease_a king_n and_o that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v stand_v oblige_v for_o his_o personal_a debt_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o dominion_n itself_o xi_o and_o how_o his_o successor_n but_o how_o far_o they_o that_o succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n only_o or_o to_o the_o good_n in_o part_n but_o to_o the_o kingdom_n entire_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n be_v as_o worthy_a to_o be_v discuss_v as_o it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v confuse_o handle_v they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o as_o heir_n be_v not_o immediate_o bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n because_o the_o title_n they_o have_v they_o receive_v not_o from_o he_o but_o from_o the_o people_n whether_o that_o succession_n fall_v like_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n to_o he_o that_o be_v near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a or_o to_o those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a but_o mediate_o i._n e._n by_o the_o city_n that_o choose_v he_o such_o successor_n also_o be_v bind_v which_o shall_v be_v thus_o understand_v every_o society_n no_o less_o than_o every_o particular_a person_n have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v itself_o either_o by_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o major_a part_n this_o right_a every_o society_n may_v transfer_v either_o express_o or_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o be_v by_o transfer_v the_o empire_n for_o in_o moral_n he_o that_o give_v the_o end_n give_v all_o thing_n conduce_v to_o the_o end_n xii_o and_o how_o far_o and_o yet_o shall_v not_o this_o be_v boundless_a neither_o be_v it_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o the_o good_a government_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o this_o oblige_a power_n shall_v be_v infinite_a no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o guardian_n be_v but_o so_o far_o forth_o only_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o power_n require_v tutor_n domini_fw-la loco_fw-la habetur_fw-la cum_fw-la rem_fw-la administrat_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillum_fw-la spoliat_fw-la the_o guardian_n say_v julian_n have_v a_o power_n equal_a to_o the_o lord_n while_o he_o order_v the_o estate_n prudent_o but_o not_o when_o he_o waste_v it_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v every_o society_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o governor_n be_v the_o agreement_n profitable_a or_o damagable_a to_o that_o society_n yet_o
as_o they_o be_v a_o nation_n and_o all_o king_n as_o they_o be_v king_n shall_v sympathize_v with_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o king_n that_o be_v oppress_v neither_o be_v every_o person_n more_o bind_v to_o defend_v his_o own_o member_n than_o prince_n be_v in_o obedience_n to_o christ_n to_o defend_v each_o other_o with_o that_o power_n which_o he_o have_v give_v they_o but_o this_o duty_n neither_o king_n nor_o people_n can_v well_o perform_v whilst_o christendom_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n unless_o they_o do_v mutual_o assist_v each_o other_o which_o can_v never_o be_v do_v successful_o unless_o they_o strong_o confederate_a together_o for_o that_o end_n and_o such_o a_o general_n league_n between_o christian_a prince_n have_v heretofore_o be_v make_v whereof_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v by_o general_a consent_n choose_v general_n whereby_o all_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o contribute_v either_o man_n or_o money_n according_a to_o their_o power_n as_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n for_o the_o neglect_n whereof_o i_o can_v see_v how_o any_o people_n can_v plead_v excuse_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o as_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o inevitable_a war_n or_o afflict_v with_o some_o other_o general_a calamity_n at_o home_n xiii_o if_o our_o confederate_n be_v engage_v in_o several_a war_n which_o we_o ought_v to_o assist_v another_o question_n do_v often_o arise_v namely_o in_o case_n two_o nation_n be_v engage_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v our_o confederate_n whether_o of_o they_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o help_v where_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v remember_v what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v that_o ad_fw-la bella_fw-la injusta_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la obligatio_fw-la no_o league_n can_v bind_v we_o to_o a_o war_n that_o be_v unjust_a he_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n if_o the_o war_n be_v against_o a_o strange_a prince_n yea_o if_o it_o be_v against_o another_o confederate_n the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o another_o be_v these_o si_fw-mi scivero_fw-la velle_fw-la te_fw-la aliquem_fw-la just_a offendere_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la generaliter_fw-la aut_fw-la specialiter_fw-la fuero_fw-la requisitus_fw-la meum_fw-la tibi_fw-la sicut_fw-la potero_fw-la praestabo_fw-la auxilium_fw-la if_o i_o shall_v understand_v 4._o see_v book_n 3._o chap._n 25._o §._o 4._o that_o thou_o will_v make_v a_o offensive_a war_n against_o any_o man_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o i_o be_o either_o general_o or_o special_o require_v to_o give_v thou_o my_o assistance_n i_o shall_v do_v it_o to_o my_o utmost_a power_n thus_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v megalopolis_n the_o athenian_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o league_n to_o aid_v the_o messenian_n their_o confederate_n against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n their_o confederate_n if_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n which_o hold_v true_a unless_o in_o our_o article_n it_o shall_v be_v express_o forbid_v to_o send_v out_o any_o aid_n against_o such_o a_o confederate_a 6._o polyb._n l._n 6._o in_o that_o agreement_n which_o hannibal_n make_v with_o the_o macedonian_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n host_n erimus_fw-la hostium_fw-la exceptis_fw-la regibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quibuscum_fw-la foedus_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o amicitia_fw-la est_fw-la enemy_n we_o shall_v be_v to_o thy_o enemy_n except_o only_o such_o as_o be_v in_o league_n and_o amity_n with_o we_o if_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n and_o both_o our_o confederate_n and_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v a_o just_a cause_n which_o may_v so_o happen_v we_o be_v to_o stand_v neuter_n and_o to_o assist_v neither_o so_o aristides_n if_o either_o of_o our_o confederate_n have_v require_v our_o aid_n against_o stranger_n it_o have_v be_v ready_o grant_v but_o if_o against_o one_o another_o we_o desire_v to_o stand_v neuter_n leuctrica_fw-la leuctrica_fw-la if_o both_o our_o confederate_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o just_a war_n against_o stranger_n and_o both_o send_v for_o aid_n if_o we_o be_v able_a we_o must_v send_v to_o both_o either_o man_n or_o money_n but_o if_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v require_v by_o both_o to_o aid_v they_o in_o his_o own_o person_n have_v so_o promise_v then_o because_o his_o person_n can_v be_v divide_v it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v prefer_v he_o with_o who_o he_o have_v contract_v the_o ancient_a league_n as_o the_o epirot_n answer_v the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o polybius_n the_o like_a answer_n be_v give_v to_o the_o campane_n by_o the_o roman_a consul_n in_o contract_a friend_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o take_v care_n that_o the_o new_a do_v not_o supplant_v the_o old_a the_o ancient_a the_o league_n be_v the_o more_o inviolable_a thus_o ptolemy_n answer_v the_o athenian_n in_o the_o like_a case_n amicis_fw-la ferenda_fw-la auxilia_fw-la contra_fw-la host_n non_fw-la contra_fw-la amicos_fw-la we_o be_v to_o aid_v our_o friend_n against_o enemy_n but_o not_o against_o our_o friend_n which_o also_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o exception_n unless_o the_o latter_a league_n do_v bind_v we_o far_o than_o our_o bare_a promise_n for_o it_o may_v include_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o government_n and_o imply_v somewhat_o of_o subjection_n and_o thus_o we_o say_v that_o in_o sell_v of_o good_n the_o first_o sale_n be_v the_o best_a unless_o the_o latter_a shall_v also_o transfer_v the_o property_n and_o dominion_n so_o livy_n of_o the_o nepesines_n that_o the_o faith_n give_v upon_o their_o surrender_n bind_v they_o fast_o sanctior_fw-la deditionis_fw-la quam_fw-la societatis_fw-la fides_fw-la sanctior_fw-la than_o that_o give_v by_o former_a league_n as_o to_o their_o associate_n some_o there_o be_v that_o do_v more_o nice_o distinguish_v between_o these_o but_o what_o i_o have_v say_v i_o take_v to_o draw_v near_o as_o to_o simplicity_n so_o also_o to_o truth_n fourteen_o when_o renew_v a_o league_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n prefix_v be_v not_o easy_o presume_v to_o be_v renew_v through_o silence_n unless_o such_o act_n intervene_v which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v understand_v for_o a_o new_a obligation_n be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v presume_v xv._o the_o league_n be_v void_a if_o either_o party_n break_v it_o if_o either_o party_n violate_v the_o league_n the_o other_o party_n be_v free_v because_o each_o article_n of_o the_o league_n have_v the_o force_n and_o virtue_n of_o a_o condition_n thus_o thucydides_n determine_v it_o they_o say_v he_o be_v not_o the_o first_o breaker_n of_o the_o league_n who_o be_v desert_v seek_v for_o aid_n to_o other_o but_o they_o that_o perform_v not_o by_o their_o deed_n what_o they_o have_v promise_v to_o do_v upon_o their_o oath_n and_o in_o another_o place_n si_fw-la vel_fw-la tantillum_fw-la ex_fw-la dictis_fw-la pars_fw-la alterutra_fw-la transgrederetur_fw-la 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c._n 20._o §._o 11._o shall_v be_v understand_v so_o as_o to_o imply_v the_o restore_v he_o to_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v forcible_o detain_v from_o he_o for_o the_o word_n in_o their_o large_a signification_n will_v admit_v of_o this_o construction_n as_o cicero_n plead_v in_o his_o oration_n against_o caecina_n but_o in_o such_o as_o be_v yet_o more_o favourable_a if_o he_o that_o promise_v any_o thing_n be_v verse_v in_o the_o law_n or_o use_v the_o advice_n of_o lawyer_n the_o word_n shall_v then_o be_v yet_o more_o large_o understand_v so_o as_o to_o include_v the_o signification_n of_o art_n or_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o law_n have_v give_v it_o but_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o such_o interpretation_n as_o be_v plain_o improper_a we_o ought_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v where_o some_o absurdity_n will_v otherwise_o ensue_v or_o when_o somewhat_o will_v render_v the_o agreement_n unprofitable_a on_o the_o contrary_a if_o necessity_n shall_v so_o require_v to_o avoid_v either_o some_o manifest_a injustice_n or_o some_o as_o evident_a absurdity_n we_o may_v not_o interpret_v the_o word_n more_o strict_o than_o their_o propriety_n will_v bear_v and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n yet_o if_o there_o appear_v either_o manifest_a equity_n or_o very_o great_a utility_n in_o the_o restriction_n we_o be_v to_o confine_v ourselves_o within_o the_o strict_a bound_n of_o propriety_n unless_o other_o circumstance_n forbid_v it_o but_o in_o such_o as_o be_v odious_a that_o the_o burden_n may_v be_v moderate_v even_o figurative_a speech_n be_v sometime_o admit_v and_o therefore_o in_o voluntary_a grant_n and_o in_o the_o remission_n of_o that_o which_o be_v a_o man_n right_a though_o the_o word_n be_v general_a yet_o be_v they_o to_o be_v restrain_v unto_o those_o thing_n to_o which_o in_o probability_n they_o be_v intend_v and_o among_o thing_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v sometime_o understand_v to_o be_v possess_v which_o we_o have_v hope_n may_v be_v recover_v so_o succour_v promise_v by_o one_o party_n only_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v raise_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o that_o party_n that_o require_v they_o xiii_o under_o the_o name_n of_o associate_n whether_o those_o at_o present_a only_o be_v comprehend_v but_o here_o a_o notable_a question_n be_v sometime_o start_v whether_o by_o friend_n mention_v in_o a_o league_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v those_o only_o who_o be_v so_o at_o the_o league_n make_v or_o those_o also_o which_o shall_v afterward_o be_v admit_v in_o that_o league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n after_o the_o sicilian_n war_n it_o be_v covenant_v thus_o vtriusque_fw-la populi_fw-la socii_fw-la ab_fw-la utroque_fw-la populo_fw-la tuti_fw-la sunto_fw-la that_o the_o friend_n of_o either_o party_n shall_v not_o be_v molest_v by_o either_o party_n hence_o the_o roman_n will_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o league_n make_v with_o asdrubal_n of_o not_o pass_v the_o river_n iberas_n do_v nothing_o avail_v they_o because_o the_o carthaginian_n refuse_v to_o sign_v it_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o carthaginian_n shall_v own_v that_o fact_n of_o hannibal_n in_o besiege_v the_o saguntines_n who_o have_v be_v admit_v into_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n though_o after_o the_o say_a league_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n they_o may_v just_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o as_o have_v first_o break_v the_o league_n livy_n think_v the_o saguntines_n well_o enough_o provide_v for_o discuss_v lib._n 21._o the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n discuss_v in_o that_o the_o ally_n on_o either_o side_n be_v except_v for_o neither_o be_v this_o clause_n add_v they_o that_o be_v at_o that_o time_n friend_n nor_o be_v they_o exclude_v that_o shall_v afterward_o be_v admit_v which_o be_v add_v in_o the_o peloponnesian_a league_n between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o athenian_n and_o see_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o admit_v of_o new_a confederate_n who_o can_v conclude_v it_o reasonable_a either_o that_o no_o nation_n shall_v be_v receive_v upon_o any_o merit_n whatsoever_o or_o that_o be_v admit_v they_o shall_v not_o according_o be_v defend_v provide_v always_o that_o none_o of_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v be_v either_o solicit_v to_o revolt_v or_o receive_v into_o protection_n in_o case_n they_o voluntary_o do_v so_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n almost_o of_o polybius_n and_o from_o he_o by_o livy_n borrow_v 3._o hist_o l._n 3._o there_o be_v no_o question_n at_o all_o but_o that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o league_n may_v admit_v of_o either_o i._n e._n either_o to_o restrain_v they_o to_o those_o then_o in_o league_n only_o or_o to_o enlarge_v they_o to_o those_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v receive_v and_o that_o without_o any_o incongruity_n of_o speech_n but_o the_o best_a interpretation_n may_v easy_o be_v guess_v at_o by_o the_o precedent_n rule_v according_a to_o which_o we_o say_v that_o they_o who_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v be_v not_o comprehend_v for_o the_o matter_n in_o treaty_n now_o be_v of_o the_o break_n of_o a_o league_n which_o be_v res_fw-la odiosa_fw-la a_o thing_n in_o itself_o odious_a sense_n the_o breach_n of_o a_o league_n be_v a_o thing_n odious_a and_o the_o take_n of_o a_o just_a revenge_n natural_a the_o carthaginian_a league_n with_o the_o roman_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o second_o it_o concern_v the_o abridge_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n of_o their_o liberty_n in_o take_v a_o just_a revenge_n upon_o those_o who_o have_v injure_v they_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v their_o due_n and_o so_o not_o rash_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o give_v away_o what_o then_o shall_v we_o hence_o conclude_v that_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o saguntine_n as_o their_o friend_n or_o be_v so_o admit_v
ambassador_n admittance_n and_o he_o may_v command_v he_o to_o depart_v his_o kingdom_n if_o he_o behave_v himself_o seditious_o but_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v without_o cause_n deny_v now_o cause_v there_o may_v be_v first_o from_o he_o that_o send_v second_o from_o he_o that_o be_v send_v and_o three_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o embassage_n as_o to_o the_o first_o we_o read_v that_o pericles_n dismiss_v melesippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a ambassador_n beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o athens_n because_o he_o come_v from_o a_o arm_a enemy_n and_o the_o roman_a senate_n deny_v admission_n to_o the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n zonaras_n vid._n camden_n an._n 1571._o quaest_n 4._o livy_n l._n 41._o zonaras_n because_o they_o have_v a_o army_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o italy_n so_o do_v the_o achaian_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o perseus_n because_o he_o attempt_v a_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o like_a do_v justinian_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o totilas_n and_o the_o goth_n in_o 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those_o commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v contain_v even_o those_o that_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n other_o do_v yet_o restrain_v this_o force_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o against_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v which_o some_o think_v to_o be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o therefore_o will_v have_v complaint_n make_v to_o he_o that_o send_v they_o and_o the_o ambassador_n send_v home_o to_o be_v by_o he_o punish_v other_o there_o be_v who_o think_v it_o fit_a in_o this_o case_n to_o appeal_v to_o other_o king_n and_o free_a state_n that_o be_v not_o concern_v desire_v their_o advice_n therein_o which_o indeed_o may_v stand_v with_o prudence_n but_o not_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o we_o as_o a_o law_n the_o argument_n which_o every_o one_o of_o these_o do_v bring_v to_o strengthen_v their_o several_a opinion_n do_v conclude_v nothing_o certain_o because_o this_o right_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o reason_n that_o be_v certain_a as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o it_o receive_v its_o bound_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n now_o the_o nation_n may_v either_o altogether_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n or_o with_o some_o certain_a exception_n for_o advantage_n may_v by_o either_o of_o these_o arise_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o this_o latter_a the_o punishment_n inflict_v upon_o such_o as_o notorious_o offend_v deter_v other_o and_o secure_v the_o peace_n of_o that_o nation_n by_o the_o former_a the_o profit_n arise_v to_o the_o state_n by_o embassy_n which_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o and_o willing_o undertake_v when_o the_o person_n send_v be_v encourage_v thereunto_o as_o know_v that_o the_o great_a care_n that_o can_v be_v be_v take_v for_o their_o security_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o observe_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o nation_n do_v agree_v in_o this_o point_n which_o can_v be_v evince_v by_o example_n alone_o for_o of_o these_o we_o have_v enough_o extant_a on_o either_o side_n we_o must_v therefore_o have_v recourse_n herein_o as_o well_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n as_o to_o our_o own_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n be_v guide_v by_o two_o notable_a precedent_n one_o out_o of_o livy_n the_o other_o out_o of_o sallust_n that_o out_o of_o livy_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o tarquin_n who_o pretend_v only_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o senate_n about_o some_o of_o tarquine_n good_n but_o be_v find_v conspire_v with_o the_o citizen_n to_o betray_v the_o city_n and_o when_o it_o be_v move_v in_o the_o senate_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o it_o be_v at_o length_n resolve_v on_o that_o though_o they_o deserve_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n yet_o valuit_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v be_v preserve_v whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n protection_n be_v due_a unto_o ambassador_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v plot_v against_o the_o state_n they_o be_v send_v unto_o that_o in_o sallust_n do_v more_o immediate_o respect_v the_o concomitant_n of_o ambassador_n than_o ambassador_n themselves_o and_o yet_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o that_o which_o be_v less_o credible_a to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v to_o ambassador_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a sallust_n speak_v of_o bomilcar_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n as_o a_o assistant_n in_o the_o embassage_n but_o be_v find_v stir_v up_o the_o citizen_n to_o rebellion_n say_v thus_o fit_a reus_fw-la magis_fw-la ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la bonoque_fw-la quam_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la he_o be_v make_v guilty_a rather_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n than_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n where_o by_o aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o require_v that_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a shall_v suffer_v for_o it_o be_v find_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n except_v from_o this_o general_a rule_n ambassador_n and_o such_o as_o like_o they_o come_v upon_o the_o security_n of_o the_o public_a faith_n wherefore_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v hold_v guilty_a as_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n our_o conjecture_n also_o may_v be_v thus_o guide_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o ambassador_n be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o what_o be_v due_a unto_o other_o by_o common_a right_n but_o in_o case_n they_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v secure_v than_o whilst_o they_o live_v regular_o what_o have_v they_o more_o than_o other_o beside_o the_o benefit_n that_o
accrue_v unto_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o secure_v their_o person_n do_v by_o much_o preponderate_a that_o which_o we_o may_v hope_v for_o in_o their_o punishment_n for_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o that_o send_v he_o if_o he_o be_v willing_a which_o if_o refuse_v than_o we_o can_v but_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o as_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n by_o his_o approve_v it_o but_o some_o will_v object_v that_o it_o be_v better_a that_o one_o shall_v be_v punish_v than_o a_o multitude_n engage_v in_o a_o war._n but_o if_o he_o that_o send_v the_o ambassador_n do_v approve_v of_o his_o fact_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o ambassador_n can_v free_v we_o from_o the_o danger_n now_o whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o connive_v and_o dissemble_v the_o fact_n or_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o war_n will_v be_v the_o question_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n will_v be_v but_o slender_o provide_v for_o if_o they_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o any_o but_o unto_o he_o that_o send_v they_o for_o since_o the_o design_n of_o they_o that_o send_v ambassador_n and_o of_o those_o to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n diverse_a if_o not_o contrary_a it_o can_v possible_o be_v but_o that_o some_o of_o their_o action_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v criminous_a and_o although_o some_o be_v so_o manifest_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o doubt_n yet_o be_v the_o universal_a danger_n sufficient_a for_o the_o equity_n and_o benefit_n of_o a_o universal_a law_n wherefore_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n that_o common_a custom_n which_o require_v that_o every_o man_n that_o reside_v in_o a_o foreign_a country_n shall_v conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o country_n shall_v except_v ambassador_n who_o as_o they_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v the_o person_n of_o they_o that_o send_v they_o for_o so_o speak_v cicero_n of_o a_o certain_a ambassador_n senatus_n faciem_fw-la secum_fw-la attulerat_fw-la he_o bring_v with_o he_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o senate_n the_o authority_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n so_o may_v they_o be_v imagine_v to_o live_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o therefore_o not_o bind_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o place_n they_o be_v real_o in_o wherefore_o if_o the_o offence_n be_v such_o as_o may_v safe_o be_v slight_v it_o be_v either_o to_o be_v dissemble_v or_o the_o ambassador_n command_v to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o polybius_n tell_v we_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o who_o procure_v the_o flight_n of_o the_o hostage_n from_o rome_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o muscovite_n ambassador_n and_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o the_o scottish_a and_o spanish_a ambassador_n for_o when_o mendoza_n the_o spanish_a ambassador_n be_v find_v practise_v with_o throckmorton_n and_o other_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o foreign_a power_n into_o england_n and_o to_o depose_v the_o queen_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o turbulent_a spirit_n and_o abuse_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o ambassador_n be_v command_v to_o depart_v the_o realm_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o rosse_n delegated_a ambassador_n from_o the_o imprison_a queen_n of_o scot_n be_v find_v design_v mean_n both_o within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o without_o to_o raise_v rebellion_n and_o to_o procure_v a_o foreign_a invasion_n it_o be_v demand_v of_o the_o most_o learned_a civilian_n of_o that_o age_n whether_o a_o ambassador_n raise_v rebellion_n against_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v may_v enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o ambassador_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o have_v thereby_o lose_v his_o privilege_n and_o may_v be_v punish_v as_o camden_n record_v it_o anno_fw-la 1571._o and_o 1584._o and_o we_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o at_o another_o time_n the_o roman_n cause_v the_o tarentine_n ambassador_n to_o be_v whip_v with_o rod_n for_o convey_v their_o hostage_n out_o of_o rome_n but_o this_o be_v do_v because_o the_o tarentines_n be_v conquer_v begin_v then_o to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o we_o read_v of_o charles_n the_o five_o that_o he_o command_v the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n as_o be_v his_o subject_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o depart_v his_o court_n without_o leave_n as_o guicciardine_n relate_v it_o but_o in_o case_n the_o crime_n be_v heinous_a and_o menace_a present_a danger_n to_o the_o state_n then_o be_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o his_o master_n with_o demand_n that_o he_o either_o punish_v he_o or_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o we_o read_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o they_o demand_v the_o fabii_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o but_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v before_o all_o humane_a law_n be_v so_o make_v that_o they_o oblige_v not_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n the_o same_o may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o these_o right_n of_o ambassador_n wherefore_o that_o we_o may_v prevent_v some_o imminent_a danger_n especial_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o no_o fit_a mean_n can_v be_v think_v on_o we_o may_v both_o apprehend_v and_o examine_v he_o as_o the_o roman_a consul_n do_v the_o ambassador_n of_o tarquin_n all_o intercourse_n by_o letter_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prevent_v as_o livy_n direct_v 3._o direct_v literarumim-primus_a habita_fw-la cura_fw-la ne_fw-la interciderent_fw-la plut._n vit._n pet._n off._n l._n 3._o pelopidas_n be_v imprison_v by_o alexander_n pheraeus_n for_o that_o be_v a_o ambassador_n he_o stir_v up_o the_o thessalian_n to_o liberty_n but_o in_o case_n a_o ambassador_n shall_v attempt_v to_o assault_v another_o man_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n sure_o he_o may_v be_v kill_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o way_n of_o natural_a defence_n so_o the_o gaul_n may_v have_v kill_v the_o fabii_n who_o livy_n brand_v as_o be_v the_o infringer_n of_o humane_a right_n wherefore_o when_o the_o herald_n in_o euripides_n attempt_v by_o force_n to_o rescue_v the_o suppliant_n he_o be_v by_o force_n resist_v and_o when_o the_o herald_n demand_v of_o he_o dare_v thou_o a_o herald_n hither_o send_v to_o smite_v he_o be_v answer_v yes_o if_o that_o herald_n first_o begin_v so_o fight_v and_o because_o that_o herald_n do_v act_n by_o force_n and_o violence_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o people_n of_o athens_n as_o philostratus_n record_v in_o the_o life_n of_o herod_n by_o the_o like_a distinction_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o do_v cicero_n resolve_v this_o question_n whether_o a_o son_n ought_v to_o accuse_v his_o own_o father_n be_v a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n namely_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a and_o imminent_a he_o ought_v by_o way_n of_o prevention_n but_o in_o case_n the_o danger_n be_v past_a he_o ought_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o the_o fact_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o ambassador_n say_v theodatus_fw-la the_o goth_n to_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n ambassador_n be_v with_o all_o man_n hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o honourable_a which_o honour_n they_o may_v just_o claim_v while_o they_o uphold_v their_o dignity_n by_o their_o modesty_n for_o most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o ambassador_n if_o he_o be_v injurious_a to_o the_o person_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v or_o shall_v defile_v himself_o by_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o marriage_n and_o when_o some_o ambassador_n do_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o suspicion_n of_o commit_v adultery_n that_o they_o can_v not_o stir_v abroad_o without_o a_o guard_n they_o prudent_o add_v that_o if_o a_o ambassador_n do_v deliver_v no_o other_o message_n 1571._o camdâ—n_n anno_fw-la 1571._o than_o what_o he_o receive_v from_o his_o master_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o unpleasant_a he_o be_v not_o faulty_a but_o he_o that_o send_v he_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o commit_v unto_o he_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v faithful_o discharge_v the_o command_n that_o be_v give_v he_o v._o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o these_o law_n of_o embassage_n to_o who_o the_o ambassador_n be_v not_o send_v this_o law_n of_o secure_v ambassador_n from_o force_n or_o violence_n oblige_v he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v at_o least_o when_o they_o be_v admit_v as_o if_o from_o that_o time_n there_o have_v pass_v between_o they_o a_o tacit_fw-la covenant_n but_o before_o they_o be_v receive_v they_o can_v claim_v no_o such_o privilege_n because_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v may_v haply_o declare_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v and_o if_o so_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v account_v as_o enemy_n as_o the_o roman_n premonish_v the_o aetolian_n and_o as_o the_o same_o roman_n long_o since_o by_o a_o edict_n signify_v to_o the_o
vejentine_a ambassador_n that_o unless_o they_o depart_v the_o city_n they_o will_v show_v they_o no_o more_o mercy_n 10._o liv._o l._n 27._o id._n l._n 4._o lib._n 10._o than_o tolumnius_n their_o king_n have_v show_v to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n who_o he_o command_v to_o be_v kill_v and_o as_o the_o samnite_n declare_v to_o the_o roman_n namely_o that_o if_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o assembly_n in_o samninus_n they_o shall_v not_o depart_v in_o safety_n this_o law_n therefore_o reach_v not_o unto_o those_o through_o who_o territory_n ambassador_n presume_v to_o pass_v without_o licence_n for_o if_o they_o be_v go_v to_o their_o enemy_n or_o come_v from_o they_o or_o do_v otherwise_o attempt_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n they_o may_v be_v even_o kill_v thus_o do_v the_o athenian_n serve_v the_o ambassador_n pass_v between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o spartan_n so_o do_v the_o illyrian_n 2._o thucyd._n l._n 2._o those_o that_o go_v between_o the_o essians_n and_o the_o roman_n much_o more_o be_v take_v may_v they_o be_v bind_v and_o keep_v in_o prison_n as_o xenophon_n past_o judgement_n upon_o some_o and_o alexander_n against_o those_o which_o be_v send_v from_o thebes_n and_o lacedaemon_n unto_o darius_n and_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o ambassador_n send_v to_o hannibal_n but_o if_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o the_o ambassador_n be_v evil_a treat_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v be_v not_o thereby_o violate_v but_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o prince_n either_o from_o who_o they_o come_v or_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v thereby_o wound_v and_o all_o friendship_n with_o they_o break_a thus_o write_v justine_n concern_v philip_n the_o latter_a king_n of_o macedon_n 29._o liâ—_n 29._o that_o he_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o letter_n to_o contract_v friendship_n with_o hannibal_n who_o be_v take_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o roman_a senate_n be_v dismiss_v with_o safety_n not_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n but_o lest_o of_o a_o doubtful_a friend_n they_o shall_v thereby_o make_v he_o their_o certain_a enemy_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n any_o prince_n shall_v lay_v in_o wait_n to_o surprise_v the_o ambassador_n of_o another_o prince_n without_o his_o own_o territory_n for_o this_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o thessalian_n against_o king_n philip_n record_v by_o livy_n vi_o a_o enemy_n be_v hereunto_o oblige_v if_o the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o embassage_n be_v admit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n protect_v the_o person_n send_v even_o among_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n one_o against_o another_o much_o more_o among_o such_o as_o be_v bare_o enemy_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o herald_n enjoy_v peace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o war._n the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o kill_v the_o herald_n send_v from_o the_o persian_n be_v say_v to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n 1._o nation_n vide_fw-la §._o 1._o if_o any_o man_n shall_v strike_v a_o ambassador_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n he_o shall_v be_v judge_v say_v pomponius_n legatis_fw-la pomponius_n l._n ult_n d._n de_fw-fr legatis_fw-la as_o one_o that_o have_v violate_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o nation_n because_o their_o person_n be_v general_o hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o tacitus_n call_v this_o right_a 2._o right_a ann._n l._n 1._o verrin_n 1._o lib._n 5._o c._n 2._o whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o right_a of_o enemy_n the_o sanctimony_n of_o embassy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n approve_v by_o god_n himself_o so_o likewise_o cicero_n nun_n legati_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n incolumes_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la ought_v not_o ambassador_n te_fw-la be_v secure_v though_o among_o troop_n of_o arm_a foe_n and_o seneca_n in_o his_o book_n of_o anger_n he_o offer_v violence_n even_o to_o ambassador_n thereby_o spurn_v at_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n a_o villainous_a act_n a_o wicked_a cause_n a_o impious_a murder_n as_o livy_n call_v it_o in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o fidenates_n assassinate_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n when_o their_o ambassador_n be_v bring_v into_o great_a danger_n he_o say_v ne_o belli_fw-la quidem_fw-la jura_fw-la relicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la they_o have_v not_o leave_v among_o they_o so_o much_o as_o the_o right_n of_o war._n 4._o lib._n 4._o so_o curtius_n he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o peace_n who_o the_o tyrian_n kill_v and_o throw_v headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o even_o in_o war_n many_o thing_n fall_v out_o which_o can_v be_v transact_v but_o by_o ambassador_n and_o very_o hardly_o can_v peace_n at_o any_o time_n be_v make_v without_o they_o vii_o neither_o be_v ambassador_n liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n another_o question_n do_v usual_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o prince_n may_v retaliate_v the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o own_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o ambassador_n of_o he_o who_o do_v that_o wrong_n and_o sure_o we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n many_o example_n of_o revenge_n take_v in_o this_o way_n and_o no_o marvel_n for_o historian_n do_v usual_o record_v not_o only_o thing_n that_o be_v just_o and_o pious_o do_v but_o those_o also_o that_o be_v do_v unjust_o in_o heat_n of_o anger_n rash_o and_o impotent_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o careful_o provide_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o person_n send_v but_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o person_n send_v so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a contract_n make_v between_o the_o ambassador_n send_v and_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o go_v and_o therefore_o though_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o injustice_n do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v his_o ambassador_n as_o have_v just_o deserve_v it_o for_o the_o affront_n give_v he_o in_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o ambassador_n yet_o to_o the_o person_n send_v there_o will_v be_v do_v a_o manifest_a injustice_n because_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o tacit_a agreement_n he_o may_v just_o claim_v his_o indemnity_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o magnanimous_o but_o just_o do_v by_o scipio_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o though_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n have_v be_v very_o hardly_o use_v at_o carthage_n yet_o when_o the_o roman_n bring_v the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n unto_o he_o demand_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o make_v answer_n nihil_fw-la tale_n quale_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la à _fw-la carthaginensibus_fw-la nothing_o of_o that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n do_v unto_o the_o roman_n or_o according_a to_o what_o livy_n add_v nihil_fw-la se_fw-la facturum_fw-la institutis_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la indignum_fw-la that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o unworthy_a of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n whereunto_o diodorus_n add_v this_o reason_n lest_o what_o we_o blame_v in_o they_o we_o justify_v in_o ourselves_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o though_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v yet_o dismiss_v their_o ambassador_n in_o safety_n thus_o do_v constantius_n remit_v titianus_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o by_o magnentius_n though_o his_o own_o ambassador_n philip_n send_v unto_o magnentius_n have_v be_v hy_z he_o detain_v as_o zosimon_n testify_v and_o when_o long_o before_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n cornelius_n asina_n be_v put_v in_o chain_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o hanno_n the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o rome_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o like_a measure_n the_o consul_n stand_v up_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o thus_o bespeak_v he_o isto_fw-la te_fw-la metu_fw-la hanno_n fides_fw-la civitatis_fw-la nostra_fw-la liberet_fw-la let_v the_o faith_n of_o our_o city_n hanno_n free_v thou_o from_o this_o fear_n viii_o the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n extend_v to_o their_o retinue_n not_o only_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o his_o follower_n and_o good_n be_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o privilege_n if_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o word_n use_v by_o ambassador_n and_o herald_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v these_o o_o king_n do_v thou_o admit_v of_o i_o as_o the_o royal_a messenger_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n together_o with_o my_o good_n and_o follower_n and_o by_o the_o julian_n law_n not_o only_o they_o that_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ambassador_n themselves_o but_o they_o that_o injure_v any_o of_o their_o attendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi publiea_fw-mi of_o violence_n do_v by_o force_n and_o arm_n but_o this_o sanctimony_n belong_v unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v attendant_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o therefore_o no_o further_o due_a than_o he_o shall_v please_v
wherefore_o in_o case_n any_o heinous_a crime_n be_v commit_v by_o they_o they_o be_v require_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o ambassador_n to_o punishment_n but_o they_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n which_o when_o once_o do_v by_o the_o achaian_n who_o seize_v upon_o some_o lacedaemonian_n who_o attend_v upon_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n the_o roman_n present_o cry_v out_o that_o they_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o sallust_n concern_v bomilcar_n which_o we_o have_v former_o quote_v but_o if_o the_o ambassador_n shall_v refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o than_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v before_o prescribe_v against_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o whether_o the_o ambassador_n have_v jurisdiction_n over_o his_o own_o family_n or_o whether_o his_o house_n be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v fly_v unto_o it_o for_o refuge_n depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v for_o this_o belong_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o to_o their_o movable_a good_n the_o movable_a good_n also_o of_o a_o ambassador_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v appertain_v to_o his_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o pawn_n or_o attach_v for_o any_o debt_n neither_o by_o any_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o some_o hold_n as_o the_o true_a opinion_n for_o no_o force_n or_o compulsion_n must_v be_v by_o any_o mean_n use_v against_o he_o or_o he_o that_o so_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a security_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v contract_v any_o debt_n and_o have_v no_o real_a estate_n as_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o he_o must_v only_o be_v fair_o entreat_v to_o discharge_v they_o which_o if_o he_o refuse_v then_o be_v he_o that_o send_v he_o to_o be_v likewise_o entreat_v to_o pay_v they_o but_o if_o neither_o will_v do_v it_o then_o in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o must_v flee_v to_o such_o remedy_n as_o be_v provide_v against_o such_o debtor_n as_o do_v reside_v in_o foreign_a country_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n that_o their_o coffer_n be_v search_v at_o their_o first_o entrance_n in_o case_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n whereunto_o they_o be_v send_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o sir_n thomas_n chaloner_n in_o spain_n who_o complain_v thereof_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v recall_v 1561._o cambden_n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1561._o be_v prudent_o answer_v by_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n that_o a_o ambassador_n shall_v take_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a part_n so_o as_o his_o prince_n honour_n be_v not_o direct_o violate_v x._o example_n where_o there_o be_v obligation_n but_o no_o power_n to_o compel_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o cause_n to_o fear_v as_o some_o may_v imagine_v that_o if_o the_o case_n be_v thus_o with_o ambassador_n no_o man_n will_v trust_v they_o or_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o they_o for_o the_o king_n himself_o though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n yet_o never_o want_v creditor_n if_o they_o give_v good_a price_n and_o among_o some_o nation_n as_o damascen_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v customable_a that_o as_o to_o such_o debt_n as_o be_v contract_v upon_o trust_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n provide_v by_o law_n no_o more_o than_o there_o be_v against_o man_n that_o be_v ungrateful_a so_o that_o man_n in_o those_o part_n be_v compel_v either_o to_o pay_v ready_o for_o what_o they_o buy_v and_o on_o both_o side_n to_o fulfil_v alike_o all_o their_o agreement_n or_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a faith_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o debtor_n seneca_n seem_v to_o envy_v the_o happiness_n of_o those_o country_n by_o wish_v the_o same_o custom_n in_o all_o place_n 15._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 15._o i_o will_v to_o god_n say_v he_o that_o we_o can_v persuade_v all_o people_n that_o money_n lend_v upon_o credit_n shall_v be_v recover_v only_o from_o those_o man_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v and_o that_o no_o stipulation_n shall_v bind_v the_o buyer_n to_o the_o seller_n and_o that_o no_o write_a contract_n or_o covenant_n under_o hand_n and_o seal_n shall_v be_v preserve_v but_o rather_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o faith_n and_o honesty_n of_o the_o debtor_n appian_n relate_v of_o the_o persian_n that_o they_o hate_v the_o borrow_n of_o money_n as_o be_v a_o inlet_n to_o fraud_n falshood_n and_o perjury_n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 15._o and_o aelian_a report_n the_o very_a same_o of_o the_o indian_n with_o who_o agree_v strabo_n in_o these_o word_n judicia_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la de_fw-la caede_fw-la &_o injuria_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o judicatory_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n to_o avoid_v these_o but_o as_o to_o contract_n and_o agreement_n it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o every_o man_n to_o make_v they_o or_o to_o refuse_v they_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o man_n break_v his_o faith_n with_o we_o we_o be_v to_o bear_v it_o patient_o and_o to_o learn_v rather_o to_o be_v wise_a in_o take_v heed_n before_o hand_n who_o we_o trust_v than_o by_o our_o folly_n to_o fill_v the_o city_n we_o live_v in_o with_o lawsuit_n it_o be_v also_o wise_o enact_v by_o charonda_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n at_o law_n against_o that_o man_n who_o faith_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v for_o the_o price_n of_o what_o he_o sell_v he_o which_o plato_n likewise_o approve_v of_o 15._o l._n 8._o de_fw-fr leg._n mor._n nic._n 8._o 15._o this_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o aristotle_n in_o some_o country_n say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o recover_v of_o such_o debt_n by_o lawsuit_n for_o they_o conceive_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o acquiesce_v and_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o faith_n of_o that_o man_n who_o they_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v trust_v 1._o mor._n l._n 9_o c._n 1._o so_o in_o another_o place_n some_o country_n there_o be_v where_o the_o law_n do_v forbid_v a_o man_n to_o recover_v by_o law_n that_o which_o he_o have_v trust_v upon_o the_o faith_n of_o another_o as_o if_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v any_o contract_n and_o on_o who_o faith_n we_o have_v take_v be_v private_o only_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o those_o argument_n which_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v bring_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v not_o unto_o our_o ambassador_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o province_n or_o from_o particular_a city_n xi_o profane_a history_n be_v full_a of_o the_o example_n of_o war_n undertake_v for_o the_o affront_v offer_v to_o ambassador_n and_o in_o the_o sacred_a story_n we_o read_v of_o a_o war_n make_v by_o king_n david_n against_o the_o ammonite_n upon_o that_o ground_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o cause_n more_o just_a as_o cicero_n plead_v against_o king_n mithridates_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o burial_n i._o from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o dead_a ii_o whence_o this_o spring_n iii_o it_o be_v due_a even_o to_o enemy_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a v._o whether_o to_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o vi_o what_o other_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n due_a i._o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o burial_n from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v voluntary_a arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a dion_z chrysostome_n among_o those_o custom_n which_o he_o oppose_v to_o write_v law_n place_v this_o of_o burial_n next_o to_o the_o right_n due_a to_o ambassador_n and_o seneca_n the_o father_n among_o those_o law_n that_o be_v unwritten_a which_o yet_o be_v more_o firm_a and_o bind_v than_o those_o that_o be_v write_v insert_v this_o of_o the_o interment_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o hebrew_n historiographer_n philo_n and_o josephus_n term_v this_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n and_o isidore_n pelusiota_n one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a with_o they_o to_o comprehend_v all_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v common_a among_o all_o nation_n and_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a reason_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o no_o marvel_n 19_o epist_n ult_n edit_fw-la 491._o lib._n 12._o lib._n 13._o hist_o 8._o 19_o see_v that_o as_o aelian_a speak_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v a_o thing_n command_v even_o by_o nature_n
itself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o earth_n and_o grave_n be_v to_o all_o man_n common_a and_o alike_o due_a eusebius_n also_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n the_o law_n of_o mortal_n aristides_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o law_n common_a to_o all_o man_n papinius_n the_o law_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o general_a league_n of_o the_o world_n tacitus_n the_o great_a commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o lysias_n the_o orator_n the_o common_a hope_n of_o all_o he_o that_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o body_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v say_v in_o claudian_n to_o divest_v himself_o of_o all_o humanity_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n to_o reproach_n nature_n herself_o and_o by_o isidore_n to_o profane_v that_o which_o be_v holy_a and_o because_o the_o ancient_n observe_v that_o what_o right_n soever_o be_v common_a to_o all_o civilise_v nation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v repute_v the_o more_o sacred_a be_v attribute_v to_o the_o god_n as_o their_o author_n as_o they_o do_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n so_o we_o find_v that_o they_o every_o where_n ascribe_v unto_o they_o this_o right_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o tragedy_n of_o euripides_n and_o in_o one_o also_o of_o sophocles_n you_o may_v find_v it_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ajace_n supplic_n ajace_n a_o divine_a law_n and_o in_o another_o antigone_n antigone_n you_o may_v find_v it_o reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o isocrates_n discourse_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n which_o theseus_n make_v against_o creon_n bring_v in_o adrastus_n have_v lose_v his_o army_n before_o thebes_n and_o by_o creon_n deny_v leave_v to_o bury_v the_o dead_a supplicate_v theseus_n then_o king_n of_o athens_n that_o he_o will_v commiserate_v those_o brave_a man_n that_o lay_v unbury_v before_o thebes_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o be_v despise_v nor_o that_o common_a right_o violate_v which_o all_o mankind_n may_v lay_v claim_n to_o as_o be_v institute_v not_o by_o a_o humane_a but_o by_o a_o divine_a power_n which_o when_o theseus_n hear_v he_o immediate_o send_v his_o ambassador_n to_o thebes_n the_o same_o author_n exceed_o blame_v the_o theban_n for_o prefer_v their_o own_o decree_n before_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o not_o only_a isocrates_n in_o this_o place_n but_o herodotus_n in_o his_o calliope_n diodorus_n siculus_n in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o history_n xenophon_n in_o the_o six_o of_o his_o grecian_a history_n and_o many_o other_o historian_n do_v unanimous_o assert_v that_o this_o war_n of_o theseus_n be_v undertake_v for_o the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o every_o where_o in_o all_o author_n of_o the_o best_a account_n we_o read_v this_o office_n of_o bury_v the_o dead_a commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o most_o specious_a name_n of_o the_o best_a virtue_n 1._o orat._n pro_fw-la quintio_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 11_o 22._o lib._n 5._o c._n 1._o cicero_n and_o lactantius_n commend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n valerius_n maximus_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o courtesy_n quintilian_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o religion_n seneca_n as_o a_o act_n of_o compassion_n and_o humanity_n philo_n attribute_n it_o to_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n of_o common_a nature_n tacitus_n call_v it_o the_o commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o ulpian_n ascribe_v it_o to_o mercy_n and_o piety_n euripides_n and_o lactantius_n term_v it_o a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o piety_n 12._o lib._n 6._o c._n 12._o ultimum_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o maximum_fw-la pietatis_fw-la officium_fw-la est_fw-la peregrinorum_fw-la &_o pauperum_fw-la sepultura_fw-la to_o bury_v the_o stranger_n and_o the_o poor_a be_v the_o last_o and_o great_a duty_n of_o piety_n say_v lactantius_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o the_o donatist_n do_v the_o body_n of_o the_o catholic_n optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la condemn_v as_o impiety_n and_o in_o papinus_n we_o read_v bello_fw-la cogendus_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la in_o mores_fw-la hominemque_fw-la creon_n by_o war_n and_o arm_n must_v creon_n be_v enforce_v to_o custom_n and_o humanity_n spartianus_n brand_v such_o man_n with_o infamy_n callae_n vita_fw-la cara_fw-it callae_n as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o respect_n or_o reverence_n at_o all_o to_o humanity_n and_o livy_n call_v it_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o humane_a anger_n homer_n bring_v in_o jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n as_o be_v offend_v at_o achilles_n for_o abuse_v the_o body_n of_o hector_n and_o lactantius_n condemn_v their_o wisdom_n as_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o impiety_n who_o esteem_v all_o care_n in_o bury_v the_o dead_a superfluous_a ii_o whence_o this_o custom_n arise_v upon_o what_o ground_n this_o custom_n of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v at_o first_o introduce_v whether_o embalm_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o burn_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o inter_v as_o we_o now_o use_v which_o cicero_n approve_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a 54._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 54._o and_o after_o he_o pliny_n who_o make_v this_o difference_n between_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la as_o if_o he_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v sepultus_fw-la who_o body_n be_v by_o any_o mean_v keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o he_o only_o to_o be_v humatus_fw-la that_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o agree_v upon_o on_o all_o side_n moschion_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o savage_a cruelty_n of_o the_o giant_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o devour_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o man_n cujus_fw-la abolitae_fw-la signum_fw-la est_fw-la sepultura_fw-la the_o abolish_n of_o which_o brutish_a custom_n be_v signify_v by_o sepulture_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n seem_v voluntary_o to_o pay_v that_o debt_n which_o nature_n will_v exact_v from_o we_o though_o we_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a for_o that_o all_o humane_a body_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o say_v by_o god_n only_o unto_o adam_n but_o all_o both_o greek_n and_o latin_n do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v cicero_n quote_v this_o out_o of_o euripides_n that_o reddenda_fw-la terrae_fw-la terra_fw-la earth_n must_v to_o earth_n return_v which_o also_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o solomon_n eccles_n 12.7_o 12.7_o eccles_n 12.7_o then_o shall_v the_o dust_n return_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v and_o the_o spirit_n shall_v return_v unto_o god_n that_o give_v it_o now_o on_o this_o subject_n what_o say_v solomon_n more_o than_o euripides_n who_o in_o the_o person_n of_o theseus_n say_v thus_o jam_fw-la sinite_fw-la terrae_fw-la mortuos_fw-la gremio_fw-la tegi_fw-la res_fw-la unde_fw-la quaeque_fw-la sumpserat_fw-la primordium_fw-la eo_fw-la recipitur_fw-la spiritus_fw-la coelo_fw-la redit_fw-la corpusque_fw-la terrae_fw-la jure_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la mancupî_fw-la sed_fw-la brevis_fw-la ad_fw-la aevi_fw-la tempus_fw-la utendum_fw-la datur_fw-la mox_fw-la terra_fw-la repetit_fw-la ipsa_fw-la quod_fw-la nutriverat_fw-la now_o let_v the_o dead_a be_v unto_o earth_n bequeath_v and_o each_o return_n from_o whence_o it_o once_o receive_v its_o be_v then_o will_v the_o spirit_n soon_o retire_v to_o heaven_n the_o flesh_n to_o dust_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v not_o give_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n lend_v that_o past_a and_o go_v the_o earth_n what_o it_o so_o lend_v soon_o seize_v on_o lucretius_n speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v she_o be_v of_o all_o the_o womb_n and_o common_a tomb._n pliny_n likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n receive_v we_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o be_v bear_v she_o nourish_v we_o and_o be_v bring_v up_o she_o always_o sustain_v we_o and_o at_o last_o be_v forsake_v by_o all_o the_o world_n she_o like_v a_o tender_a mother_n receive_v we_o into_o her_o own_o bowel_n again_o and_o there_o hide_v we_o flaccum_n see_v job_n 10.9_o in_o flaccum_n nature_n say_v philo_n have_v ordain_v the_o earth_n as_o man_n proper_a place_n not_o only_o while_o they_o live_v but_o be_v dead_a also_o ut_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la primos_fw-la suscepit_fw-la natales_fw-la suscipiat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la exitum_fw-la that_o she_o that_o receive_v we_o from_o the_o womb_n may_v when_o dead_a afford_v we_o a_o tomb._n and_o yet_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v laudable_o do_v in_o man_n but_o what_o god_n have_v imprint_v some_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o some_o beast_n so_o also_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o very_a thing_n 30._o lib._n 11._o 30._o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o pismire_n that_o they_o only_o of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n beside_o man_n do_v bury_v one_o another_o and_o yet_o he_o himself_o speak_v of_o the_o dolphin_n say_v 8._o lib._n 9_o c._n 8._o that_o
to_o god_n express_v command_v yet_o this_o he_o confident_o assert_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o destroy_v himself_o to_o avoid_v either_o the_o torment_n of_o this_o life_n lest_o he_o incur_v those_o infinite_o great_a in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v or_o to_o prevent_v sin_n in_o another_o lest_o he_o contract_v a_o worse_o in_o himself_o or_o for_o sin_n already_o past_a which_o require_v a_o large_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o or_o out_o of_o a_o impatient_a thirst_n after_o immortality_n because_o he_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o own_o death_n must_v not_o expect_v hereafter_o a_o better_a life_n 16._o de_fw-fr civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 16._o and_o yet_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o those_o who_o to_o preserve_v their_o chastity_n kill_v themselves_o he_o add_v who_o can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o humanity_n as_o not_o to_o forgive_v they_o among_o the_o grecian_n also_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o man_n exempt_v from_o burial_n which_o custom_n the_o locrian_o object_n against_o the_o phocenses_n 16._o diod._n l._n 16._o say_v that_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v through_o all_o greece_n that_o sacrilegious_a person_n shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v the_o like_a do_v dion_n prusaeensis_n report_n of_o such_o as_o be_v atheist_n and_o notorious_o impious_a and_o the_o very_a same_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v at_o athens_n against_o such_o as_o be_v traitor_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v but_o nicetas_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o alexius_n the_o brother_n of_o isaacius_n have_v declare_v the_o death_n of_o joannes_n comnenus_n crassus_n who_o raise_v sedition_n and_o affect_v the_o empire_n say_v that_o they_o afterward_o expose_v his_o body_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o bird_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v a_o act_n void_a of_o humanity_n and_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n but_o that_o i_o may_v retreat_v to_o what_o be_v first_o intend_v all_o ancient_a writer_n do_v unanimous_o accord_v in_o this_o that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v for_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o theseus_n which_o be_v record_v by_o euripides_n and_o isocrates_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v vi_o some_o other_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v also_o other_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v long_o possess_v succession_n to_o he_o that_o die_v intestate_a and_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o hold_v by_o contract_n though_o very_o unequal_a for_o all_o these_o though_o they_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n their_o rise_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o do_v they_o receive_v confirmation_n by_o humane_a law_n whether_o against_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o conjecture_n or_o against_o some_o exception_n which_o otherwise_o natural_a reason_n may_v haply_o suggest_v as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n chap._n xx._n of_o punishment_n i._o the_o definition_n and_o original_n of_o punishment_n ii_o that_o they_o appertain_v to_o commutative_a justice_n and_o how_o iii_o it_o natural_o belong_v to_o no_o one_o person_n but_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v exact_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o alike_o offend_v iv_o among_o man_n the_o end_n of_o punish_v be_v for_o some_o benefit_n but_o otherwise_o with_o god_n and_o why_o v._o in_o what_o sense_n revenge_n be_v natural_o unlawful_a vi_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o punishment_n threefold_a vii_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o delinquent_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v exact_v by_o any_o yet_o with_o a_o distinction_n viii_o so_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o of_o lawful_a revenge_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o every_o man_n x._o what_o the_o gospel_n require_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n xi_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n set_v forth_o in_o the_o gospel_n answer_v xii_o another_o concern_v the_o cut_n off_o the_o opportunity_n of_o repentance_n answer_v xiii_o a_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v fourteen_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o exact_a punishment_n even_o where_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v it_o xv._o or_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n willing_o xvi_o or_o to_o affect_v capital_a punishment_n xvii_o whether_o those_o humane_a law_n that_o permit_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n as_o a_o punishment_n give_v he_o a_o right_a or_o only_a impunity_n except_o by_o distinction_n xviii_o internal_a act_n not_o punishable_a by_o man_n xix_o nor_o such_o external_a as_o humane_a infirmity_n can_v avoid_v xx._n nor_o such_o act_n as_o neither_o direct_o nor_o indirect_o do_v hurt_v to_o humane_a society_n and_o why_o xxi_o the_o opinion_n that_o punishment_n be_v never_o to_o be_v remit_v reject_v xxii_o that_o they_o may_v be_v remit_v before_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v pass_v xxiii_o yet_o not_o always_o xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a xxv_o what_o probable_a intrinsic_a cause_n justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o xxvi_o what_o cause_n extrinsical_a xxvii_o the_o opinion_n that_o no_o dispensation_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o any_o cause_n but_o what_o be_v tacit_o except_v in_o the_o law_n reject_v xxviii_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o some_o merit_n xxix_o where_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o cause_n impel_v which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o xxx_o as_o also_o the_o cause_n which_o shall_v withdraw_v we_o and_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n that_o concern_v our_o neighbour_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n xxxi_o of_o the_o propensity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o either_o which_o have_v divers_a respect_n xxxii_o that_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n may_v extend_v to_o a_o great_a harm_n than_o that_o which_o the_o offender_n intend_v and_o why_o xxxiii_o a_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n in_o punishment_n reject_v xxxiv_o that_o punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mitigate_v out_o of_o charity_n unless_o a_o great_a charity_n forbid_v xxxv_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v how_o it_o incite_v to_o punishment_n also_o custom_n how_o it_o incite_v or_o dissuade_v from_o punish_v xxxvi_o of_o what_o use_n clemency_n be_v in_o the_o mitigate_a of_o punishment_n xxxvii_o what_o the_o hebrew_n or_o roman_n have_v respect_n to_o in_o punishment_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v xxxviii_o of_o war_n make_v for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n thirty-nine_o whether_o war_n make_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o injury_n begin_v be_v just_a explain_v by_o distinction_n xl._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n or_o state_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o have_v commit_v nothing_o against_o they_o or_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o necessary_a natural_o to_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n xli_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o civil_a custom_n large_o take_v xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o yet_o know_v to_o all_o nation_n xliii_o as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o which_o be_v manifest_a be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v not_o xliv_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v for_o sin_n commit_v against_o god_n only_o xlv_o of_o some_o common_a notion_n of_o god_n which_o and_o how_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o decalogue_n xlvi_o the_o first_o infringer_n of_o these_o punishable_a xlvii_o but_o not_o other_o as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n xlviii_o that_o war_n be_v not_o just_o to_o be_v make_v upon_o any_o only_o for_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v christian_a religion_n xlix_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o l._n but_o not_o against_o such_o christian_n as_o do_v misunderstand_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n illustrate_v by_o authority_n and_o example_n li._n but_o may_v and_o that_o just_o against_o those_o that_o be_v impious_a against_o such_o as_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v go_n i._o the_o definition_n of_o punishment_n above_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n we_o consider_v man_n deed_n in_o a_o twofold_a respect_n either_o as_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v may_v be_v repair_v or_o as_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v concern_v the_o former_a we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v punishment_n which_o we_o shall_v the_o more_o accurate_o discuss_v for_o as_o much_o as_o its_o origine_fw-la and_o nature_n be_v misunderstand_v have_v give_v occasion_n to_o many_o error_n punishment_n in_o its_o general_a acceptation_n be_v malum_fw-la passionis_fw-la quod_fw-la infligitur_fw-la ob_fw-la malum_fw-la actionis_fw-la the_o evil_a
nourishment_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v what_o we_o have_v write_v of_o fox_n and_o other_o noxious_a serpent_n the_o same_o we_o suppose_v may_v be_v say_v of_o man_n whereunto_o he_o present_o subjoin_v furem_fw-la &_o latronem_fw-la qui_fw-la quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la occiderit_fw-la sive_fw-la manu_fw-la sive_fw-la jussu_fw-la sive_fw-la suffragio_fw-la innocens_fw-la est_fw-la he_o that_o kill_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o murderer_n whether_o it_o be_v with_o his_o hand_n or_o by_o his_o command_n or_o suffrage_n be_v to_o be_v account_v innocent_a and_o to_o these_o place_n of_o democritus_n i_o suppose_v seneca_n have_v some_o respect_n in_o say_v 1._o sen._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 1._o when_o i_o command_v a_o obstinate_a malefactor_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n i_o do_v it_o with_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o intent_n as_o when_o i_o command_v a_o noisome_a and_o venomous_a beast_n to_o be_v kill_v nay_o if_o i_o see_v a_o viper_n or_o a_o scorpion_n say_v philo_n though_o he_o attempt_v not_o to_o bite_v or_o to_o wound_v i_o yet_o will_v i_o kill_v he_o if_o i_o can_v lest_o he_o shall_v endanger_v i_o or_o some_o other_o by_o that_o malignity_n that_o be_v in_o he_o we_o will_v not_o kill_v fox_n wolf_n and_o the_o like_a ravenous_a beast_n can_v we_o but_o make_v they_o tame_v and_o serviceable_a and_o not_o be_v endanger_v by_o they_o so_o ne_fw-fr homini_fw-la quidem_fw-la nocebimus_fw-la quia_fw-la peccavit_fw-la sed_fw-la ne_fw-la peccet_fw-la neither_o will_v we_o hurt_v and_o destroy_v man_n because_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o because_o they_o shall_v not_o offend_v again_o but_o since_o as_o well_o the_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o every_o fact_n do_v often_o require_v great_a diligence_n as_o also_o the_o fit_v of_o each_o crime_n with_o its_o just_a punishment_n much_o prudence_n and_o equity_n lest_o whilst_o every_o man_n presume_v on_o his_o own_o sufficiency_n shall_v arrogate_v more_o unto_o himself_o than_o other_o will_v be_v content_a to_o grant_v he_o and_o thereby_o much_o strife_n and_o contention_n shall_v arise_v therefore_o it_o be_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o that_o in_o all_o just_a society_n of_o man_n such_o shall_v be_v make_v choice_n of_o as_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o prudent_a among_o they_o or_o at_o least_o who_o they_o hope_v might_n in_o time_n prove_v to_o be_v so_o who_o thâ—y_o call_v magistrate_n upon_o who_o by_o common_a consent_n they_o transfer_v all_o that_o right_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v to_o punish_v malefactor_n so_o the_o same_o democritus_n the_o law_n will_v never_o restrain_v we_o from_o live_v as_o we_o please_v but_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o man_n go_v about_o to_o wrong_v one_o another_o for_o envy_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o sedition_n but_o yet_o what_o be_v say_v before_o of_o private_a revenge_n the_o same_o may_v be_v here_o also_o say_v of_o public_a and_o exemplary_a judgement_n namely_o that_o there_o do_v yet_o remain_v some_o footstep_n of_o that_o ancient_a right_n in_o such_o place_n and_o among_o such_o person_n as_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o public_a judicatories_n yea_o and_o among_o such_o also_o as_o be_v so_o subject_a in_o some_o particular_a case_n as_o among_o the_o jew_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o who_o forsake_v god_n and_o his_o law_n 26._o deut._n 13.9_o numb_a 25._o 1_o macc._n 2.24_o 26._o or_o that_o seduce_v his_o brother_n to_o idolatry_n which_o the_o jew_n call_v the_o judgement_n of_o zeal_n which_o be_v first_o exercise_v by_o phineas_n and_o from_o he_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n thus_o mattathias_n and_o his_o five_o son_n fall_v upon_o a_o certain_a jew_n who_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n command_n be_v sacrifice_v unto_o the_o heathenish_a god_n on_o the_o altar_n at_o modin_n and_o slay_v he_o as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o 2.24_o ant._n l._n 12._o c._n 4._o 1_o macc._n 2.24_o so_o we_o read_v of_o three_o hundred_o jew_n which_o be_v kill_v by_o their_o own_o countryman_n in_o that_o book_n which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n this_o be_v the_o sole_a pretence_n that_o the_o jew_n make_v for_o their_o ston_a of_o st_n steven_n act_v 7.57_o and_o for_o their_o conspiracy_n against_o st_n paul_n act_v 23._o many_o other_o example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o josephus_n and_o in_o philo_n who_o in_o his_o book_n of_o sacrificer_n to_o idol_n say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n as_o shall_v so_o sacrifice_v 9_o ch._n 20._o sect._n 9_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o public_a enemy_n to_o all_o man_n be_v he_o never_o so_o near_o relate_v unto_o we_o and_o his_o motive_n and_o argument_n whereby_o he_o will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o defection_n from_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o love_v true_a piety_n that_o all_o man_n may_v immediate_o run_v from_o all_o place_n to_o take_v revenge_n upon_o that_o impious_a wretch_n be_v full_o persuade_v that_o the_o desire_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n be_v a_o holy_a thing_n yea_o and_o in_o many_o nation_n this_o right_n do_v yet_o remain_v in_o master_n over_o their_o servant_n and_o in_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n to_o punish_v they_o even_o with_o death_n so_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o ephori_fw-la of_o sparta_n to_o put_v to_o death_n any_o of_o their_o citizen_n without_o judgement_n now_o from_o what_o have_v here_o be_v say_v we_o may_v clear_o understand_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v concern_v punishment_n and_o how_o long_o it_o continue_v x._o what_o the_o evangelical_n law_n require_v as_o to_o this_o let_v we_o now_o inquire_v whether_o this_o liberty_n of_o punish_v or_o revenge_v a_o injury_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o gospel_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v notwithstanding_o forbid_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n see_v that_o that_o law_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o law_n and_o propose_v a_o reward_n far_o great_a than_o humane_a nature_n or_o than_o can_v possible_o be_v give_v by_o any_o other_o lawmaker_n for_o the_o obtain_n whereof_o there_o be_v deserve_o require_v such_o virtue_n as_o exceed_v those_o command_v by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nature_n 18._o vide_fw-la lactant._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la dei_fw-la c._n 18._o those_o chastisement_n that_o leave_v behind_o they_o no_o brand_n of_o infamy_n nor_o last_a damage_n and_o be_v necessary_a for_o certain_a age_n and_o condition_n est_fw-la servorum_fw-la filiorúmque_fw-la peccata_fw-la non_fw-la coercere_fw-la peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la as_o for_o child_n and_o servant_n be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o divine_a evangelical_n law_n especial_o if_o do_v by_o such_o as_o by_o humane_a law_n have_v a_o permission_n so_o to_o do_v as_o by_o parent_n tutor_n master_n etc._n etc._n which_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o these_o be_v the_o soul_n physic_n altogether_o as_o harmless_a as_o well-tempered_a potion_n though_o to_o the_o sense_n as_o unwelcome_a but_o as_o to_o revenge_v it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o as_o it_o only_o satisfy_v the_o mind_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o wrong_n it_o suffer_v it_o be_v natural_o unlawful_a much_o less_o be_v it_o agreeable_a to_o this_o evangelical_n law_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v but_o the_o hebrew_n law_n do_v not_o only_o forbid_v to_o hate_v or_o bear_v any_o grudge_n against_o their_o brethren_n unlawful_a revenge_n as_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o delight_n in_o the_o revenger_n natural_o unlawful_a that_o be_v against_o their_o own_o countryman_n leu._n 19.17_o but_o it_o command_v they_o to_o confer_v on_o they_o some_o common_a courtesy_n though_o they_o be_v their_o enemy_n exod._n 23.4_o 5._o now_o our_o saviour_n embowel_v this_o law_n and_o show_v that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o neighbour_n all_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v do_v hereby_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o restrain_v from_o hurt_v our_o enemy_n but_o that_o we_o be_v also_o command_v to_o do_v they_o good_a matth._n 5.44_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n to_o revenge_v some_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o though_o not_o by_o themselves_o yet_o by_o their_o judge_n but_o the_o evangelical_n law_n take_v away_o this_o licence_n also_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o that_o opposition_n that_o he_o put_v between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o gospel_n you_o have_v hear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v say_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n say_v christ_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o etc._n etc._n and_o
be_v already_o say_v we_o may_v collect_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v for_o a_o christian_a be_v a_o private_a man_n to_o take_v revenge_n upon_o any_o wicked_a man_n especial_o by_o death_n either_o for_o his_o own_o or_o for_o the_o public_a good_a although_o it_o be_v sometime_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v 8._o declare_v see_v book_n 1._o chap._n 3._o sect._n 3._o and_o this_o ch._n sect._n 8._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o laudable_a custom_n among_o some_o people_n for_o such_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n to_o grant_v commission_n to_o such_o as_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n to_o persecute_v pirate_n wheresoever_o they_o find_v they_o whereof_o they_o may_v make_v use_n as_o occasion_n serve_v to_o show_v if_o need_v be_v that_o they_o do_v it_o not_o upon_o any_o private_a malice_n but_o in_o obedience_n to_o their_o prince_n command_n xv._o or_o to_o accuse_v any_o voluntary_o not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v another_o custom_n which_o i_o find_v in_o some_o country_n where_o every_o man_n that_o will_v be_v not_o permit_v to_o prefer_v a_o criminal_a accusation_n against_o another_o but_o some_o particular_a man_n be_v choose_v and_o thereunto_o commissionated_a by_o public_a authority_n so_o that_o no_o private_a man_n can_v attempt_v any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o humane_a blood_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n and_o to_o this_o have_v that_o canon_n of_o the_o eliberine_n council_n respect_n which_o deny_v the_o communion_n to_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v by_o his_o private_a suggestion_n or_o accusation_n occasion_n the_o death_n or_o proscription_n of_o another_o xvi_o or_o to_o affect_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n in_o capital_a matter_n and_o from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v we_o may_v collect_v also_o how_o unsafe_a and_o indecent_a it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n true_o christian_n rash_o to_o thrust_v himself_o into_o such_o public_a office_n as_o to_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o sentence_n man_n to_o death_n or_o to_o conceit_n and_o to_o publish_v himself_o to_o be_v fit_a that_o such_o a_o right_a of_o life_n and_o death_n shall_v be_v commit_v unto_o he_o as_o to_o the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o other_o and_z as_o unto_o a_o god_n among_o man_n for_o sure_o our_o bless_a saviour_n advice_n namely_o to_o take_v heed_n as_o in_o a_o case_n of_o danger_n how_o we_o pass_v sentence_n upon_o other_o because_o look_v 7.1_o matth._n 7.1_o what_o measure_n we_o meet_v unto_o other_o we_o must_v expect_v from_o god_n in_o like_a case_n do_v chief_o appertain_v unto_o this_o kind_n of_o judgement_n xvii_o whether_o those_o humane_a law_n that_o permit_v the_o kill_n of_o some_o man_n do_v give_v they_o a_o true_a right_n before_o god_n or_o only_o a_o impunity_n among_o man_n another_o notable_a question_n do_v sometime_o arise_v namely_o whether_o those_o humane_a law_n which_o permit_v the_o kill_n of_o some_o man_n do_v justify_v it_o before_o god_n or_o whether_o they_o grant_v only_o a_o impunity_n among_o man_n this_o latter_a opinion_n be_v much_o savour_v by_o covarruvia_n and_o fortunius_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a so_o distaste_v by_o vasquius_fw-la that_o he_o call_v it_o abominable_a without_o doubt_n the_o law_n may_v do_v both_o in_o some_o case_n but_o whether_o they_o will_v do_v so_o or_o not_o may_v be_v gather_v partly_o from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o matter_n for_o if_o the_o law_n have_v regard_n to_o the_o grief_n and_o sorrow_n of_o the_o offender_n it_o remit_v the_o punishment_n but_o not_o the_o sin_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o husband_n that_o kill_v his_o adulterous_a wife_n or_o of_o the_o wife_n her_o adulterous_a husband_n a_o wife_n take_v in_o adultery_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lombard_n be_v kill_v by_o she_o own_o husband_n quicunque_fw-la grat._n can._n 33._o q._n 2._o inter_fw-la haec_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 8._o quicunque_fw-la but_o not_o so_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v kill_v his_o adulterous_a wife_n be_v so_o take_v he_o be_v excuse_v and_o pardon_v non_fw-la à _fw-la culpa_fw-la vel_fw-la à _fw-la peccato_fw-la licet_fw-la à _fw-la poena_fw-la civili_fw-la not_o altogether_o from_o the_o sin_n though_o from_o the_o punishment_n due_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o as_o st_n augustin_n observe_v if_o he_o that_o kill_v or_o wound_v a_o malefactor_n be_v a_o magistrate_n he_o be_v god_n minister_n and_o not_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o private_a person_n he_o shall_v be_v judge_v as_o a_o homicide_n because_o he_o presume_v to_o usurp_v that_o authority_n which_o be_v not_o give_v he_o by_o god_n but_o if_o the_o law_n respect_v some_o ensue_a mischief_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o happen_v by_o the_o delay_n of_o the_o punishment_n than_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o transferr_v public_a authority_n to_o every_o private_a man_n who_o therein_o be_v repute_v a_o magistrate_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o law_n in_o the_o code_o of_o justinian_n under_o this_o title_n quando_fw-la liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la sine_fw-la judice_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n to_o revenge_v himself_o or_o the_o public_a worship_n without_o a_o judge_n in_o which_o law_n licence_n be_v give_v unto_o every_o man_n by_o severe_a punishment_n to_o repress_v soldier_n when_o they_o be_v find_v straggle_v from_o the_o army_n and_o plunder_v the_o country_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v there_o add_v melius_fw-la est_fw-la occurrere_fw-la in_o tempore_fw-la quà m_fw-la exitum_fw-la vindicare_fw-la better_a it_o be_v to_o prevent_v mischief_n in_o their_o beginning_n than_o to_o revenge_v they_o when_o do_v we_o therefore_o say_v the_o emperor_n grant_v you_o licence_n to_o avenge_v your_o own_o wrong_n and_o what_o be_v now_o too_o late_o judicial_o to_o punish_v we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o suppress_v by_o our_o proclamation_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v hereafter_o spare_v a_o soldier_n so_o plunder_v but_o shall_v resist_v and_o assault_v he_o with_o weapon_n as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o common_a thief_n and_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n also_o be_v the_o subsequent_a law_n concern_v soldier_n desert_v their_o colour_n let_v all_o man_n know_v say_v he_o that_o against_o robber_n and_o soldier_n that_o fly_v from_o the_o army_n power_n be_v hereby_o give_v to_o every_o man_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o common_a safety_n to_o execute_v public_a revenge_n and_o thus_o be_v that_o of_o tertullian_n to_o be_v understand_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la miles_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o man_n be_v a_o soldier_n there_o be_v not_o only_o in_o great_a commander_n and_o other_o potentate_n 4._o agathicas_n lib._n 4._o a_o innate_a and_o constant_a purpose_n of_o do_v well_o to_o the_o public_a but_o it_o be_v both_o lawful_a and_o honest_a for_o every_o man_n that_o will_v to_o be_v trouble_v at_o the_o calamity_n that_o befall_v the_o commonwealth_n he_o live_v in_o and_o to_o promote_v as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a the_o public_a safety_n and_o prosperity_n thereof_o but_o the_o right_n of_o kill_a exile_n who_o they_o also_o call_v bannites_n differ_v herein_o from_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o say_a law_n for_o as_o to_o the_o former_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v particular_o sentence_v unto_o death_n before_o they_o be_v kill_v but_o as_o to_o these_o latter_a a_o general_a edict_n together_o with_o the_o evidence_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v as_o authoritative_a as_o a_o sentence_n particular_o denounce_v so_o think_v quintilian_n there_o be_v some_o crime_n so_o evident_o commit_v against_o the_o commonwealth_n 206._o deck_v 206._o that_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o they_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v our_o revenge_n xviii_o what_o act_n be_v punishable_a by_o man_n the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o all_o act_n be_v such_o as_o ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o humane_a law_n and_o certain_o they_o be_v not_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n although_o they_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v know_v unto_o other_o as_o by_o confession_n or_o by_o some_o other_o accident_n can_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o man_n because_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n that_o any_o right_a or_o obligation_n shall_v arise_v from_o act_n mere_o internal_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o roman_a law_n to_o be_v understand_v when_o they_o say_v cogitationis_fw-la poenam_fw-la neminem_fw-la mereri_fw-la which_o we_o render_v thus_o thought_n be_v free_a yet_o
be_v about_o word_n only_o which_o a_o philosopher_n shall_v principal_o avoid_v for_o as_o he_o that_o write_v to_o herennius_n true_o note_n vitiosum_fw-la est_fw-la controversiam_fw-la intendere_fw-la propter_fw-la nominum_fw-la mutationem_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o to_o heighten_v controversy_n about_o the_o change_n of_o name_n be_v vicious_a and_o as_o st_n augustine_n argue_v against_o the_o academic_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la disputationibus_fw-la in_o verborum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la immorari_fw-la cùm_fw-la certamen_fw-la nullum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la it_o be_v absurd_a to_o contest_v about_o word_n only_o when_o there_o remain_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o about_o thing_n xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n but_o the_o pardon_v of_o offence_n after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a seem_v to_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o integrity_n of_o a_o prince_n because_o he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n bind_v up_o by_o his_o own_o law_n which_o be_v true_a as_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o city_n and_o as_o so_o only_o consider_v but_o not_o as_o he_o sustain_v the_o authority_n 12._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o sect._n 12._o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o as_o such_o he_o may_v take_v away_o even_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o institution_n only_o but_o of_o its_o continuation_n they_o humane_a law_n alterable_a by_o he_o that_o make_v they_o but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v subvert_v or_o take_v away_o any_o law_n without_o some_o probable_a reason_n or_o cause_n he_o sin_n against_o the_o rule_n of_o polity_n but_o as_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a law_n so_o also_o may_v he_o take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a fact_n the_o same_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o to_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o lactantius_n observe_v when_o he_o institute_v law_n for_o man_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v such_o as_o shall_v offend_v against_o those_o law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n and_o to_o absolve_v a_o person_n though_o condemn_v to_o die_v say_v st_n augustine_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la subjectus_fw-la legibus_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la leges_fw-la far_o because_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o law_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v one_o and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v another_o the_o magistrate_n be_v corrupt_a if_o his_o sentence_n be_v more_o remiss_a than_o the_o law_n but_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o a_o severe_a law_n be_v sometime_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o prince_n seneca_n speak_v in_o the_o person_n of_o nero_n say_v occidere_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la 63._o symmachus_n lib._n 3._o ep._n 63._o seruare_fw-la nemo_fw-la praeter_fw-la i_o kill_v contrary_a to_o law_n no_o man_n can_v and_o save_v none_o can_v beside_o myself_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o probable_a cause_n but_o what_o these_o probable_a cause_n be_v though_o it_o can_v be_v particular_o define_v yet_o must_v we_o grant_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a after_o the_o law_n be_v past_a than_o those_o that_o be_v look_v at_o before_o because_o unto_o the_o other_o cause_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v require_v there_o be_v superad_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v maintain_v xxv_o cause_n free_v from_o punishment_n intrinsic_a 1._o intrinsic_a but_o the_o cause_n exempt_n any_o man_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v usual_o either_o intrinsical_v or_o extrinsical_a intrinsical_a as_o when_o the_o punishment_n compare_v with_o the_o fact_n be_v severe_a if_o not_o unjust_a xxvi_o or_o extrinsical_a extrinsical_a when_o a_o man_n former_a merit_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n commend_v the_o person_n offend_v plead_v strong_o for_o his_o pardon_n or_o when_o we_o discern_v some_o extraordinary_a hope_n of_o future_a good_a in_o the_o delinquent_n but_o especial_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v at_o least_o particular_o cease_v in_o that_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v for_o although_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v not_o counterballance_v with_o a_o contrary_a reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o fail_v even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v so_o far_o operate_v that_o the_o law_n may_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o detriment_n to_o authority_n be_v dispense_v with_o as_o gratian_n prove_v by_o many_o instance_n 7._o c._n 1._o q._n 7._o and_o this_o usual_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v through_o ignorance_n though_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a or_o through_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n which_o haply_o may_v though_o not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v overcome_v whereunto_o a_o christian_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o regard_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n do_v merciful_o provide_v that_o most_o sin_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v by_o some_o kind_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v expiate_v as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n and_o as_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n we_o may_v find_v confirm_v both_o by_o word_n and_o example_n wherein_o he_o declare_v how_o willing_a he_o be_v to_o pardon_v such_o sin_n to_o those_o that_o repent_v as_o luke_n 23.34_o heb._n 4.15_o 1_o tim._n 1.13_o and_o by_o those_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v by_o which_o word_n theodosius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o he_o free_o forgive_v the_o antiochian_o who_o he_o have_v purpose_v to_o destroy_v as_o st_n chrysostome_n record_v xxvii_o yea_o though_o no_o such_o exemption_n be_v tacit_o include_v in_o the_o law_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o error_n of_o ferdinandus_n vasquius_fw-la who_o teach_v that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v dispense_v with_o but_o only_o to_o such_o wherein_o the_o lawmaker_n have_v he_o be_v consult_v with_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o in_o that_o case_n his_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v for_o vasquius_fw-la there_o do_v not_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o equitable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o reprove_v thomas_n and_o scotus_n for_o say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v bind_v though_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n do_v particular_o cease_v as_o if_o they_o take_v the_o law_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a letter_n which_o they_o never_o think_v but_o every_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v either_o grant_v or_o omit_v free_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v refer_v to_o equity_n proper_o so_o call_v that_o even_o that_o relaxation_n which_o be_v due_a either_o out_o of_o charity_n or_o polity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v thither_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o some_o probable_a cause_n or_o upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o declare_v that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o at_o the_o law-making_a so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o by_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o take_n away_o the_o punishment_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v their_o infliction_n xxviii_o all_o punishment_n be_v award_v according_a to_o man_n merit_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o punishment_n two_o thing_n be_v considerable_a first_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n second_o the_o profit_n that_o redound_v by_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o former_a nemo_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la meritum_fw-la no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v beyond_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o offence_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o that_o of_o horace_n 15._o epist_n 15._o adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irroget_fw-la aequas_fw-la let_v sin_n have_v rule_n which_o equal_a pain_n require_v and_o not_o plague_v
for_o other_o to_o follow_v xl._n war_n for_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o we_o must_v know_v that_o king_n and_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a right_n with_o they_o have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o exact_v punishment_n for_o offence_n do_v not_o against_o themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n only_o but_o for_o such_o injury_n as_o do_v not_o particular_o touch_v themselves_o but_o against_o any_o person_n by_o who_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n have_v be_v great_o violate_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o humane_a society_n by_o punishment_n which_o at_o first_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o every_o particular_a person_n city_n and_o judicatories_n be_v now_o institute_v reside_v in_o such_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n not_o so_o proper_o because_o they_o command_v all_o as_o indeed_o because_o they_o be_v command_v by_o none_o for_o that_o which_o take_v away_o this_o right_n from_o private_a man_n be_v their_o subjection_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n without_o who_o warrant_n they_o can_v attempt_v nothing_o of_o revenge_n yea_o and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o honourable_a it_o be_v to_o revenge_v other_o man_n wrong_n than_o our_o own_o by_o how_o much_o it_o may_v just_o be_v fear_v lest_o out_o of_o too_o great_a a_o sense_n of_o our_o own_o suffering_n we_o either_o exceed_v the_o just_a measure_n of_o punish_v or_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n with_o too_o much_o malice_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o hercules_n be_v so_o famous_a for_o subdue_a those_o tyrant_n antaeus_n busyris_n diomedes_n etc._n etc._n and_o cleanse_v both_o sea_n and_o land_n from_o all_o such_o noxious_a creature_n which_o he_o do_v not_o out_o of_o ambition_n or_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o to_o vindicate_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o to_o plague_v the_o unjust_a as_o philo_n testify_v of_o he_o legate_n de_fw-fr legate_n this_o character_n be_v likewise_o give_v of_o he_o by_o diodorus_n siculus_n many_o city_n he_o restore_v to_o a_o happy_a condition_n by_o take_v away_o insolent_a tyrant_n and_o such_o like_a oppressor_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v in_o another_o place_n orbem_fw-la obiit_fw-la poenam_fw-la de_fw-la iniquis_fw-la expetens_fw-la he_o travel_v through_o the_o world_n for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o scourge_v tyrant_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v dion_n prusiensis_fw-la give_v of_o he_o say_v that_o he_o every_o where_o plague_v the_o wicked_a destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o proud_a and_o transfer_v they_o unto_o other_o and_o for_o the_o general_a care_n that_o he_o have_v of_o all_o mankind_n aristides_n think_v he_o worthy_a to_o be_v translate_v among_o the_o go_n dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n record_v this_o and_o many_o more_o inhuman_a custom_n which_o hercules_n reform_v to_o the_o general_a benefit_n of_o mankind_n make_v therein_o no_o distinction_n between_o greek_n and_o barbarian_n 1._o lib._n 30._o c._n 1._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n testify_v of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v say_v he_o how_o much_o we_o owe_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o take_v away_o those_o monster_n among_o man_n who_o place_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n to_o kill_v man_n and_o their_o wholesome_a food_n to_o eat_v they_o thus_o justinian_n command_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o abasgi_n to_o abstain_v from_o gelding_n their_o child_n 4._o goth._n 4._o as_o procopius_n relate_v and_o the_o king_n of_o incha_fw-mi in_o peruana_n compel_v all_o their_o neighbour_a nation_n that_o will_v not_o willing_o obey_v he_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o abstain_v from_o incest_n sodomy_n eat_v of_o man_n flesh_n and_o such_o like_a abomination_n whereby_o they_o obtain_v the_o just_a empire_n that_o we_o have_v ever_o read_v of_o their_o religion_n only_o except_v the_o like_a honour_n be_v give_v to_o theseus_n for_o destroy_v those_o great_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n sciron_n sinis_n and_o procrustes_n who_o in_o that_o age_n trouble_v all_o greece_n with_o their_o barbarous_a inhumanity_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o and_o be_v therefore_o by_o euripides_n call_v the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n my_o noble_a act_n through_o greece_n be_v so_o extol_v that_o i_o the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n be_o call_v for_o as_o valerius_n maximus_n report_v of_o he_o whatsoever_o monster_n of_o cruelty_n that_o age_n produce_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o gallantry_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o subdue_v so_o that_o without_o doubt_n a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v against_o parricide_n whereof_o the_o sogdians_z be_v in_o a_o high_a measure_n guilty_a for_o till_o they_o be_v reclaim_v by_o alexander_n they_o usual_o kill_v their_o own_o parent_n against_o cannibal_n or_o such_o as_o feed_v upon_o man_n flesh_n as_o the_o scythian_n do_v and_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n before_o the_o former_a be_v better_a instruct_v by_o alexander_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o hercules_n as_o plutarch_n in_o diodorus_n record_v against_o pirate_n and_o such_o as_o live_v by_o robbery_n at_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a for_o against_o these_o any_o prince_n have_v power_n to_o make_v war_n though_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o his_o government_n for_o of_o such_o barbarous_a people_n who_o be_v rather_o beast_n than_o man_n panathenaic_n in_o panathenaic_n it_o may_v true_o be_v verify_v what_o aristotle_n sometime_o say_v of_o the_o persian_n naturale_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la esse_fw-la bellum_fw-la that_o war_n against_o such_o be_v natural_a or_o as_o isocrates_n note_n the_o just_a war_n be_v that_o which_o be_v undertake_v against_o wild_a beast_n and_o the_o next_o be_v that_o which_o be_v undertake_v against_o such_o man_n as_o be_v brutish_a what_o say_v seneca_n though_o they_o do_v not_o infest_v my_o country_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v vexatious_a to_o their_o own_o 7._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 7._o though_o they_o be_v divide_v from_o i_o yet_o if_o they_o infest_v their_o own_o people_n they_o deserve_v for_o the_o pravity_n and_o corruption_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o manner_n to_o be_v destroy_v and_o so_o far_o we_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o innocentius_n and_o other_o who_o hold_v that_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o we_o can_v approve_v of_o that_o which_o vasquius_fw-la victoria_fw-la azorius_fw-la and_o molina_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o to_o justify_v a_o war_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o person_n that_o undertake_v it_o be_v injure_v either_o in_o himself_o or_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a or_o that_o he_o against_o who_o the_o war_n be_v make_v be_v under_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n for_o whereas_o they_o make_v the_o right_a to_o punish_v to_o be_v but_o a_o effect_n proper_a to_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n derive_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o book_n and_o sure_o if_o these_o man_n opinion_n from_o who_o we_o differ_v be_v admit_v one_o enemy_n shall_v not_o now_o have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v another_o even_o after_o the_o war_n be_v undertake_v for_o any_o cause_n not_o punishable_a whereas_o most_o man_n do_v admit_v of_o this_o right_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n confirm_v it_o and_o that_o not_o only_a when_o the_o enemy_n be_v weaken_v and_o bring_v under_o but_o even_o whilst_o the_o war_n last_v not_o by_o any_o civil_a jurisdiction_n but_o by_o that_o natural_a right_n which_o be_v in_o force_n even_o before_o city_n be_v build_v and_o be_v yet_o in_o force_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v disperse_v in_o private_a family_n and_o be_v not_o congregat_v into_o city_n xli_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o civil_a custom_n but_o here_o some_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o we_o do_v not_o mistake_v civil_a custom_n which_o in_o most_o nation_n be_v deserve_o receive_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n such_o almost_o be_v those_o wherein_o the_o persian_n differ_v from_o the_o grecian_n who_o common_a pretence_n for_o their_o make_a war_n upon_o the_o persian_n be_v to_o civilize_v they_o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v they_o do_v but_o cloak_v their_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n under_o the_o title_n of_o reformation_n as_o if_o the_o disagreement_n between_o themselves_o and_o other_o in_o civil_a custom_n have_v be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o know_v to_o all_o man_n the_o second_o caution_n be_v this_o that_o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o do_v not_o rash_o intersert_v such_o thing_n whereof_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v affirm_v that_o they_o
be_v so_o forbid_v but_o be_v such_o rather_o as_o be_v interdict_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n in_o which_o number_n we_o may_v haply_o place_v the_o sin_n of_o fornication_n and_o some_o of_o those_o sin_n which_o we_o esteem_v to_o be_v incest_n usury_n etc._n etc._n thus_o asterius_n bishop_n of_o amasea_n they_o that_o yield_v obedience_n unto_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o prince_n only_o do_v leave_v whoredom_n unpunished_a so_o likewise_o st_n hierome_n to_o oceanus_n 9_o vide_fw-la hier._n ad_fw-la oceanum_fw-la supra_fw-la c._n 5._o sect_n 9_o the_o law_n of_o temporal_a prince_n let_v loose_v the_o reins_o of_o unbridled_a lust_n and_o condemn_v adultery_n only_o suffer_v man_n to_o run_v every_o where_o to_o stew_n and_o brothel-house_n without_o control_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o dignity_n that_o make_v the_o crime_n and_o not_o the_o will_n but_o with_o we_o what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o woman_n be_v likewise_o so_o for_o man_n the_o same_o yoke_n bind_v both_o to_o the_o same_o condition_n xliii_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o ought_v to_o distinguish_v between_o thing_n that_o be_v clear_a and_o that_o be_v obscure_a the_o three_o caution_n be_v that_o we_o diligent_o distinguish_v between_o those_o general_a maxim_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v manifest_a of_o themselves_o as_o this_o that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o live_v honest_o that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n and_o other_o that_o be_v near_a unto_o these_o but_o so_o manifest_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o no_o doubt_v such_o as_o this_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v away_o from_o another_o that_o which_o be_v he_o and_o between_o those_o maxim_n which_o be_v not_o of_o themselves_o so_o clear_a but_o must_v be_v collect_v from_o those_o before_o mention_v by_o consequence_n whereof_o some_o be_v easy_o draw_v as_o this_o admitting_z matrimony_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v so_o general_o receive_v that_o as_o philo_n testify_v in_o the_o life_n of_o joseph_n it_o be_v every_o where_o punish_v and_o lactantius_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o defile_v the_o marriagebed_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n other_o though_o as_o true_a yet_o be_v not_o so_o manifest_o true_a because_o our_o assent_n unto_o they_o can_v be_v gain_v but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o three_o or_o four_o consequence_n as_o this_o that_o that_o revenge_n that_o do_v acquiesce_v in_o another_o man_n grief_n be_v vicious_a it_o be_v here_o almost_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mathematics_n wherein_o some_o thing_n be_v of_o the_o first_o notion_n or_o next_o unto_o the_o first_o some_o be_v demonstration_n which_o be_v immediate_o both_o understand_v and_o assent_v unto_o but_o some_o other_o though_o true_a yet_o be_v not_o so_o evident_a unto_o all_o therefore_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n our_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n or_o of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o law_n do_v in_o part_n excuse_v we_o so_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n that_o our_o weakness_n to_o collect_v what_o be_v thereby_o forbid_v by_o such_o consequence_n or_o what_o a_o ill_a education_n have_v ingenerate_v in_o we_o shall_v also_o excuse_v we_o for_o as_o st_n hierome_n well_o observe_v vnaquaeque_fw-la gens_n hoc_fw-la legem_fw-la naturae_fw-la putat_fw-la quod_fw-la didicit_fw-la every_o nation_n think_v that_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o it_o first_o imbibe_n now_o our_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o take_v away_o a_o sin_n if_o it_o be_v inevitable_a so_o also_o it_o diminish_v a_o sin_n though_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o neglect_n and_o therefore_o those_o that_o be_v corrupt_v by_o some_o evil_a education_n aristotle_n compare_v to_o such_o who_o appetite_n be_v vitiate_a by_o some_o malignant_a distemper_n and_o plutarch_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v some_o disease_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o violent_o hurry_v a_o man_n from_o his_o natural_a constitution_n last_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v which_o i_o say_v once_o but_o shall_v not_o often_o repeat_v that_o those_o war_n which_o be_v undertake_v for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n unless_o the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v be_v very_o great_a very_o manifest_a or_o back_v with_o some_o other_o cause_n be_v always_o suspect_v to_o be_v unjust_a for_o what_o mithridates_n say_v of_o the_o roman_n be_v oftentimes_o too_o true_a non_fw-la delicta_fw-la regum_fw-la illos_fw-la sed_fw-la vires_fw-la ac_fw-la majestatem_fw-la insequi_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o prince_n do_v in_o such_o case_n then_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o severe_a chastiser_n of_o other_o man_n infirmity_n but_o rather_o pity_v their_o ignorance_n and_o their_o ill_a education_n pray_v for_o they_o as_o st._n stephen_n do_v for_o his_o persecutor_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v but_o their_o power_n and_o majesty_n that_o they_o persecute_v xliv_o whether_o war_n may_v be_v make_v for_o offence_n against_o god_n our_o propose_a method_n now_o guide_v we_o to_o crime_n commit_v against_o god_n and_o to_o inquire_v whether_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v covarruvius_fw-la handle_v this_o question_n at_o large_a but_o be_v sway_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o he_o hold_v that_o this_o punitive_a power_n can_v subsist_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o jurisdiction_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o we_o have_v already_o reject_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n the_o bishop_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n say_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o care_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n for_o so_o st_n cyprian_n speak_v it_o become_v we_o to_o watch_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o church_n who_o member_n be_v disperse_v into_o several_a province_n and_o again_o there_o be_v but_o one_o episcopacy_n whereof_o every_o one_o hold_v his_o part_n entire_o so_o beside_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o particular_a dominion_n king_n may_v be_v say_v to_o assume_v the_o general_a care_n of_o all_o humane_a society_n but_o a_o better_a argument_n bring_v by_o such_o as_o deny_v such_o a_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a be_v this_o that_o god_n alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o punish_v such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v against_o himself_o for_o deorum_fw-la injuriae_fw-la diis_fw-la curae_fw-la &_o perjurium_fw-la satis_fw-la habet_fw-la deum_fw-la ultorem_fw-la the_o affront_v commit_v against_o god_n god_n take_v care_n of_o and_o it_o suffice_v that_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o avenger_n of_o perjury_n but_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o sin_n god_n without_o doubt_n be_v sufficient_o able_a to_o punish_v they_o and_o yet_o we_o see_v that_o the_o law_n be_v just_o and_o due_o exercise_v upon_o such_o offender_n by_o magistrate_n in_o all_o nation_n none_o dissent_v but_o against_o this_o some_o reply_n that_o those_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v not_o so_o much_o for_o offence_n commit_v against_o god_n as_o because_o of_o the_o damage_n thereby_o do_v unto_o man_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o not_o only_o those_o offence_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o other_o direct_o be_v punish_v by_o humane_a law_n but_o those_o also_o which_o may_v by_o consequence_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o other_o as_o self-murder_n sodomy_n and_o the_o like_a for_o though_o the_o principal_a end_n and_o scope_n of_o religion_n be_v to_o purchase_v the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o god_n yet_o have_v it_o also_o a_o very_a strong_a influence_n and_o work_v many_o notable_a effect_n upon_o humane_a society_n plato_n call_v it_o the_o fortress_n and_o bulwark_n of_o all_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o very_a bond_n of_o good_a discipline_n plutarch_n call_v it_o the_o cement_n of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o the_o very_a foundation_n and_o groundwork_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n philo_n say_v it_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a charm_n to_o procure_v love_n and_o that_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o god_n be_v the_o most_o indissoluble_a band_n of_o friendship_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a heu_fw-la primae_fw-la scelerum_fw-la causae_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la aegris_fw-la naturam_fw-la nescire_fw-la dei_fw-la all_o wickedness_n '_o among_o mortal_n hence_o do_v flow_v that_o the_o most_o righteous_a god_n we_o do_v not_o know_v every_o false_a opinion_n concern_v religion_n say_v plutarch_n be_v dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v accompany_v with_o perturbation_n of_o mind_n most_o pernicious_a but_o to_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o opinion_n concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o to_o differ_v nothing_o in_o life_n and_o manner_n from_o each_o other_o do_v produce_v the_o most_o perfect_a harmony_n and_o agreement_n among_o man_n as_o
josephus_n testify_v against_o appion_n 1._o contr._n app._n lib._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n discourse_v of_o the_o reason_n why_o most_o city_n be_v so_o ill_o govern_v he_o add_v these_o because_o their_o lawgiver_n do_v not_o at_o first_o right_o apprehend_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o god_n nor_o do_v they_o study_v to_o explain_v that_o knowledge_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a nor_o to_o frame_v their_o government_n according_o but_o past_o it_o over_o slight_o as_o a_o thing_n of_o small_a moment_n jamblicus_n also_o have_v a_o excellent_a sentence_n out_o of_o pythagoras_n that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v both_o virtue_n wisdom_n and_o perfect_a happiness_n aristotle_n therefore_o place_v religion_n as_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o all_o public_a care_n and_o as_o justine_n martyr_n call_v it_o a_o work_n worthy_a of_o the_o care_n of_o all_o king_n and_o machiavelli_n himself_o assign_v the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o their_o singular_a care_n of_o religion_n magistrate_n de_fw-fr create_v magistrate_n philo_n seem_v to_o sum_n up_o the_o whole_a duty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o these_o three_o particular_n the_o care_n of_o his_o own_o estate_n the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a and_o the_o care_n of_o religion_n all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o only_o as_o in_o some_o one_o particular_a city_n or_o kingdom_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v true_a what_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n testify_v of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o be_v tanto_fw-la sibi_fw-la addictiores_fw-la quanto_fw-la dei_fw-la erant_fw-la metuentiores_fw-la the_o more_o religious_a they_o be_v the_o more_o loyal_a and_o obedient_a they_o be_v to_o their_o lawful_a magistrate_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o common_a safety_n of_o all_o mankind_n dear_a lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr nat._n dear_a for_o as_o cicero_n note_n take_v away_o religion_n and_o all_o faithful_a deal_n between_o man_n and_o man_n nation_n and_o nation_n and_o consequent_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o one_o of_o the_o four_o cardinal_n virtue_n justice_n will_v be_v quite_o lose_v whereby_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o epicurus_n when_o he_o deny_v the_o divine_a providence_n justitiae_fw-la quoque_fw-la nihil_fw-la reliquit_fw-la praeter_fw-la inane_fw-la nomen_fw-la left_a nothing_o to_o justice_n but_o a_o empty_a name_n which_o say_v he_o as_o it_o arise_v only_o from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n so_o it_o be_v no_o long_o in_o force_n than_o it_o yield_v profit_n to_o both_o party_n herein_o say_v seneca_n we_o can_v agree_v with_o epicurus_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o be_v natural_o just_a and_o that_o offence_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v because_o they_o be_v commit_v we_o can_v avoid_v fear_n as_o if_o nothing_o can_v restrain_v we_o from_o injure_v other_o but_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n only_o again_o it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o aristotle_n observe_v that_o as_o religion_n keep_v subject_n in_o due_a obedience_n to_o king_n so_o it_o restrain_v the_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n and_o beget_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o trust_n and_o confidence_n between_o they_o and_o their_o people_n the_o prince_n may_v be_v assure_v of_o his_o subject_n loyalty_n and_o the_o people_n will_v less_o fear_v to_o suffer_v unjust_o by_o their_o prince_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v religious_a plat._n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la placitis_fw-la hip._n &_o plat._n galen_n observe_v many_o question_n handle_v by_o hypocrates_n and_o plato_n concern_v the_o world_n and_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o as_o to_o the_o meliorate_n of_o man_n manner_n he_o conceive_v to_o be_v very_o impertinent_a yet_o confess_v that_o of_o the_o divine_a providence_n to_o be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n and_o importance_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o virtue_n both_o private_a and_o public_a which_o blind_a homer_n can_v very_o well_o see_v as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o the_o six_o and_o nine_o of_o his_o odyssey_n where_o to_o man_n that_o be_v unjust_a and_o cruel_a he_o oppose_v such_o who_o mind_n be_v season_v with_o religion_n justine_n out_o of_o trogus_n high_o commend_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o ancient_a jew_n as_o be_v thorough_o temper_v with_o religion_n and_o philo_n in_o the_o life_n of_o abraham_n make_v our_o love_n of_o god_n and_o our_o love_n of_o man_n to_o be_v congeneal_a and_o as_o it_o be_v twin_n of_o the_o same_o birth_n for_o as_o lactantius_n right_o infer_v if_o to_o know_v god_n be_v true_a piety_n 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o this_o knowledge_n be_v to_o worship_v he_o than_o he_o that_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v likewise_o ignorant_a of_o true_a justice_n for_o how_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o know_v justice_n who_o be_v ignorant_a from_o whence_o she_o come_v now_o religion_n be_v of_o more_o use_n and_o great_a necessity_n in_o the_o common_a society_n of_o nation_n than_o in_o the_o civil_a society_n of_o man_n because_o in_o this_o civil_a society_n the_o defect_n of_o religion_n may_v in_o part_n be_v supply_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o the_o easy_a execution_n of_o they_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o they_o be_v but_o few_o so_o be_v they_o very_o difficult_o execute_v namely_o by_o war_n wherefore_o these_o law_n have_v always_o be_v hold_v sacred_a because_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o immediate_a judge_n of_o they_o and_o he_o that_o violate_v these_o law_n be_v say_v to_o sin_n against_o god_n himself_o the_o injury_n then_o that_o be_v do_v against_o religion_n be_v by_o all_o emperor_n repute_v as_o common_a injury_n do_v as_o it_o be_v against_o all_o mankind_n xlv_o what_o be_v the_o common_a notion_n concern_v god_n express_v in_o the_o four_o first_o commandment_n but_o that_o we_o may_v pierce_v a_o little_a deep_o into_o this_o matter_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o true_a religion_n that_o have_v be_v universal_o profess_v in_o all_o age_n and_o in_o almost_o all_o place_n stand_v erect_v on_o these_o four_o column_n first_o the_o acknowledgement_n that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v but_o one._n second_o that_o nothing_o of_o all_o these_o thing_n we_o see_v be_v god_n but_o that_o he_o be_v something_o that_o be_v yet_o more_o sublime_a and_o excellent_a thiâ—dly_o that_o god_n take_v care_n of_o humane_a affair_n and_o that_o he_o do_v judge_v the_o world_n righteous_o and_o fourthly_a that_o he_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o himself_o which_o four_o proposition_n be_v explain_v in_o the_o four_o first_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n the_o first_o whereof_o show_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o deity_n plain_o the_o lord_n our_o god_n be_v one_o god_n the_o second_o declare_v his_o invisibility_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o as_o we_o can_v liken_v he_o to_o any_o thing_n so_o we_o can_v make_v any_o likeness_n or_o representation_n of_o he_o deut._n 4.10_o thus_o much_o do_v antisthenes_n testify_v of_o he_o no_o eye_n ever_o see_v he_o no_o likeness_n we_o have_v of_o he_o wherefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a by_o any_o image_n or_o resemblance_n to_o know_v he_o and_o so_o do_v king_n agrippa_n in_o plato_n to_o frame_v the_o likeness_n of_o that_o either_o by_o grave_v or_o paint_v which_o can_v be_v see_v be_v profane_a and_o ungodly_a the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o dion_n neither_o have_v the_o jew_n any_o image_n in_o jerusalem_n because_o they_o think_v that_o god_n can_v neither_o be_v see_v nor_o be_v by_o any_o word_n describe_v diodorus_n speak_v of_o moses_n say_v that_o he_o ordain_v no_o image_n because_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v god_n to_o be_v of_o humane_a shape_n and_o tacitus_n commend_v the_o jew_n for_o adore_v one_o only_a god_n and_o he_o in_o their_o mind_n only_o and_o condemn_v they_o as_o profane_v 36._o dion_n lib._n 36._o that_o worship_v the_o immortal_a and_o invisible_a god_n in_o image_n make_v of_o wood_n and_o stone_n in_o humane_a form_n plutarch_n also_o give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n why_o numa_n purge_v the_o temple_n from_o image_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o other_o way_n to_o comprehend_v the_o deity_n than_o by_o the_o mind_n only_o by_o the_o three_o commandment_n we_o be_v instruct_v to_o acknowledge_v god_n omniscience_n which_o extend_v to_o our_o most_o retire_a thought_n and_o the_o care_n he_o have_v of_o humane_a affair_n for_o upon_o this_o foundation_n be_v oath_n build_v wherein_o he_o be_v invoke_v as_o a_o witness_n only_o if_o we_o speak_v truth_n but_o if_o we_o deceive_v then_o as_o a_o judge_n and_o avenger_n whereby_o also_o both_o his_o justice_n and_o his_o omnipotency_n be_v at_o once_o acknowledge_v last_o that_o god_n create_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n and_o give_v be_v to_o all_o thing_n be_v confess_v by_o the_o four_o commandment_n in_o perpetual_a memory_n whereof_o
do_v not_o declare_v his_o knowledge_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v guilty_a so_o also_o st_n chrysostome_n not_o only_o the_o perjure_a person_n but_o they_o that_o know_v of_o it_o 14._o de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la 14._o conceal_v the_o perjury_n be_v guilty_a they_o that_o contribute_v their_o counsel_n and_o advice_n for_o so_o run_v the_o attic_a law_n he_o that_o give_v his_o counsel_n to_o a_o act_n that_o be_v wicked_a be_v involve_v in_o the_o same_o punishment_n with_o he_o that_o do_v it_o they_o that_o countenance_n encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n so_o st_n chrysostome_n pejor_fw-la peccante_fw-la qui_fw-la peccatum_fw-la laudat_fw-la he_o that_o praise_v and_o applaud_v a_o wicked_a act_n be_v more_o wicked_a than_o he_o that_o effect_n it_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lombard_n qui_fw-la facinorosum_fw-la astans_fw-la hortatur_fw-la pro_fw-la faciente_fw-la habetur_fw-la the_o by-stander_n that_o encourage_v a_o malefactor_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o he_o they_o who_o have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o forbid_v and_o restrain_v offender_n do_v it_o not_o so_o think_v st._n chrysostome_n not_o they_o only_a that_o commit_v the_o theft_n but_o they_o also_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o commission_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o do_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o be_v punish_v just_o as_o he_o who_o hinder_v a_o wound_a person_n from_o be_v cure_v be_v as_o guilty_a as_o he_o that_o wound_v he_o even_o unto_o death_n so_o they_o who_o be_v strict_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o help_v those_o that_o be_v oppress_v and_o do_v it_o not_o and_o they_o who_o do_v not_o dissuade_v when_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o and_o last_o they_o that_o conceal_v the_o fact_n which_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o some_o law_n to_o make_v know_v all_o these_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o punishment_n if_o there_o be_v in_o they_o such_o a_o malignity_n of_o spirit_n as_o may_v suffice_v to_o deserve_v punishment_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n ii_o how_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v punishable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o subject_n this_o will_v be_v make_v clear_a by_o example_n where_o offence_n be_v but_o personal_a there_o the_o punishment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v national_a no_o community_n or_o other_o civil_a society_n of_o man_n may_v just_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n without_o either_o commit_n or_o omit_v some_o fact_n or_o duty_n of_o their_o own_o whereunto_o they_o be_v general_o oblige_v for_o as_o st_n augustine_n well_o observe_v in_o every_o nation_n those_o sin_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o particular_a person_n be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o that_o be_v do_v in_o common_a as_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v assemble_v do_v unanimous_o decree_v it_o to_o be_v do_v hence_o arise_v that_o clause_n usual_a in_o all_o league_n si_fw-la defexerit_fw-la publico_fw-la consilio_fw-la if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o any_o public_a decree_n then_o shall_v the_o league_n be_v adjudge_v as_o break_v thus_o the_o locrian_o in_o livy_n excuse_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a senate_n say_v that_o their_o defection_n proceed_v from_o some_o ignorant_a and_o ill_a affect_a people_n and_o not_o by_o any_o public_a order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o rhodian_o in_o the_o same_o senate_n make_v their_o defence_n by_o the_o same_o argument_n distinguish_v between_o the_o public_a act_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n there_o be_v no_o city_n say_v they_o so_o well_o govern_v but_o may_v sometime_o have_v some_o malignant_a citizen_n sit_v even_o at_o the_o stern_a beside_o a_o unexperienced_a multitude_n always_o and_o if_o the_o attempt_n of_o every_o private_a person_n be_v ground_n sufficient_a for_o a_o just_a war_n no_o city_n can_v long_o subsist_v thus_o st._n chrysostome_n likewise_o argue_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a crime_n of_o the_o city_n but_o of_o some_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n who_o do_v all_o thing_n rather_o through_o rashness_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n than_o by_o reason_n neither_o say_v he_o be_v it_o just_a that_o so_o great_a a_o city_n shall_v be_v destroy_v for_o the_o indiscretion_n of_o some_o few_o nor_o that_o the_o innocent_a shall_v equal_o suffer_v with_o the_o nocent_a so_o neither_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o child_n to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o parent_n nor_o master_n to_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o their_o servant_n nor_o other_o that_o govern_v for_o those_o who_o they_o govern_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o delinquency_n of_o their_o own_o now_o of_o those_o way_n or_o mean_n whereby_o they_o that_o preside_v over_o other_o may_v be_v accessary_a to_o their_o sin_n and_o so_o involve_v in_o their_o punishment_n there_o be_v two_o of_o singular_a use_n and_o require_v our_o strict_a disquisition_n as_o first_o by_o connivance_n connivance_n 1._o by_o connivance_n for_o he_o that_o know_v that_o such_o a_o crime_n will_v be_v commit_v which_o he_o can_v hinder_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v it_o but_o do_v it_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o crime_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v thus_o cicero_n argue_v this_o case_n against_o piso_n pisonem_fw-la cicero_n in_o pisonem_fw-la it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a say_v he_o especialâ—y_v in_o a_o consul_n whether_o he_o do_v himself_o stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o sedition_n by_o his_o own_o pernicious_a law_n and_o wicked_a speech_n and_o so_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o whether_o by_o his_o connivance_n he_o permit_v other_o so_o to_o do_v par_fw-fr est_fw-fr delinquere_fw-la &_o delinquentes_fw-la non_fw-la prohibere_fw-la it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n say_v agapetus_n to_o justinian_n to_o be_v wicked_a ourselves_o and_o to_o suffer_v other_o to_o be_v so_o when_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o help_v it_o he_o that_o suffer_v a_o sinner_n to_o sin_n say_v arnobius_n add_v unto_o he_o the_o strength_n of_o confidence_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v salvian_n he_o who_o have_v a_o power_n to_o prohibit_v a_o wicked_a act_n and_o do_v it_o not_o do_v in_o effect_n command_v it_o and_o st._n augustine_n likewise_o he_o that_o do_v not_o resist_v and_o oppose_v himself_o against_o a_o sin_n when_o he_o can_v do_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n if_o a_o servant_n do_v kill_v a_o man_n with_o his_o master_n knowledge_n the_o main_a guilt_n be_v transfer_v to_o his_o master_n as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v the_o murderer_n even_o so_o he_o that_o suffer_v his_o bondslave_n to_o be_v prostitute_v when_o he_o may_v rescue_v she_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n judge_v the_o prostitutor_fw-la by_o the_o fabian_n law_n if_o one_o man_n servant_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o master_n seduce_v another_o man_n servant_n the_o master_n of_o the_o seducer_n be_v punish_v for_o it_o but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o beside_o the_o bare_a knowledge_n there_o be_v also_o a_o power_n and_o authority_n sufficient_a to_o restrain_v and_o hinder_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n intend_v for_o when_o knowledge_n be_v command_v to_o be_v punish_v it_o be_v take_v for_o connivance_n or_o toleration_n so_o that_o he_o stand_v guilty_a who_o have_v a_o power_n to_o forbid_v the_o do_n of_o a_o wicked_a act_n do_v it_o not_o and_o in_o this_o case_n knowledge_n be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v by_o his_o advice_n and_o counsel_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o master_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o servant_n crime_n though_o he_o do_v know_v thereof_o if_o that_o servant_n shall_v contemn_v his_o master_n authority_n and_o proclaim_v himself_o a_o freeman_n and_o as_o parent_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o child_n crime_n though_o they_o know_v of_o they_o if_o those_o child_n be_v not_o under_o the_o power_n and_o tuition_n of_o their_o parent_n because_o neither_o master_n nor_o parent_n have_v any_o power_n and_o authority_n over_o they_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n although_o they_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n over_o they_o and_o so_o may_v thereby_o prohibit_v the_o do_n of_o such_o crime_n yet_o if_o they_o know_v nothing_o of_o their_o purpose_n and_o intention_n to_o commit_v such_o act_n they_o can_v be_v punish_v for_o they_o for_o both_o these_o must_v necessary_o concur_v to_o make_v one_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o man_n crime_n knowledge_n of_o the_o sin_n commit_v and_o not_o restrain_v they_o when_o it_o be_v in_o
they_o be_v protect_v until_o their_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o by_o what_o law_n and_o this_o also_o be_v observable_a that_o suppliant_n may_v be_v defend_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o case_n be_v right_o know_v thus_o demophon_n tell_v the_o ambassador_n of_o eurysthius_n who_o demand_v of_o he_o some_o that_o flee_v unto_o he_o for_o protection_n si_fw-mi crimen_fw-la istis_fw-la aliquod_fw-la hospitibus_fw-la struis_fw-la jus_fw-la impetrabis_fw-la vi_fw-la quidem_fw-la hinc_fw-la non_fw-la abstrahe_n if_o with_o foul_a crime_n you_o can_v they_o charge_n you_o may_v what_o be_v right_a obtain_v but_o not_o they_o force_v away_o but_o if_o the_o crime_n whereof_o they_o stand_v accuse_v be_v such_o as_o be_v neither_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o suppliant_n come_v which_o aeschylus_n excellent_o prove_v in_o his_o tragedy_n of_o suppliant_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o argive_n bespeak_v a_o company_n of_o grecian_n that_o come_v out_o of_o egypt_n thus_o manum_fw-la tibi_fw-la si_fw-la immittat_fw-la aegypti_n genus_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la patria_fw-la proximos_fw-la se_fw-la sanguine_fw-la dicant_fw-la quis_fw-la haec_fw-la objicere_fw-la se_fw-la contra_fw-la velit_fw-la quare_fw-la tuum_fw-la est_fw-la docere_fw-la natalis_fw-la soli_fw-la exit_fw-la lege_fw-la nullo_n jure_fw-la te_fw-la illis_fw-la subjici_fw-la vii_o how_o subject_n may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n how_o the_o fault_n of_o subject_n whether_o native_n or_o stranger_n may_v be_v transfer_v to_o their_o governor_n we_o have_v already_o see_v now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n subject_n also_o may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n in_o case_n they_o either_o consent_n thereunto_o or_o act_v any_o thing_n at_o his_o command_n or_o by_o his_o persuasion_n that_o be_v wicked_a but_o hereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v more_o proper_o anon_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n there_o may_v be_v also_o a_o communication_n of_o crime_n between_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o each_o particular_a member_n thereof_o because_o as_o st_n augustine_n observe_v vbi_fw-la universi_fw-la ibi_fw-la &_o singuli_fw-la universals_z can_v consist_v without_o individual_n so_o every_o single_a person_n be_v congregat_v and_o unite_a in_o one_o gross_a body_n do_v constitute_v a_o body_n universal_a but_o yet_o the_o fault_n commit_v by_o this_o body_n politic_a be_v proper_o transfer_v to_o those_o particular_a member_n only_o which_o do_v yield_v their_o consent_n unto_o those_o public_a act_n and_o not_o unto_o those_o who_o be_v over-voted_n by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o council_n and_o as_o the_o fault_n so_o the_o punishment_n of_o singular_a person_n orat._n lycurgus_n orat._n be_v distinct_a from_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a nation_n for_o as_o upon_o individual_a person_n the_o great_a punishment_n that_o can_v be_v inflict_v be_v death_n so_o the_o death_n of_o a_o city_n be_v desolation_n 4._o sup._n cap._n 9_o sect_n 4._o which_o happen_v when_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v whole_o dissolve_v that_o be_v when_o all_o the_o law_n privilege_n and_o other_o advantage_n thereof_o do_v utter_o fail_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v every_o single_a person_n may_v of_o a_o citizen_n become_v a_o slave_n as_o the_o theban_n be_v to_o alexander_n of_o macedon_n alex._n plut._n alex._n those_o only_o except_v that_o contradict_v the_o decree_n of_o dissolve_v the_o society_n so_o also_o a_o city_n or_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o a_o civil_a servitude_n by_o be_v make_v a_o province_n and_o every_o particular_a person_n may_v lose_v his_o propriety_n by_o confiscation_n and_o whatsoever_o that_o city_n or_o people_n hold_v in_o common_a as_o their_o wall_n their_o magazine_n their_o port_n man_n of_o war_n fleet_n elephant_n treasury_n yea_o and_o their_o common_a field_n all_o become_v the_o conqueror_n but_o for_o private_a man_n to_o lose_v their_o particular_a estate_n through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o universality_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o they_o be_v unjust_a as_o libanius_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v the_o antiochian_a sedition_n the_o same_o author_n approve_v the_o fact_n of_o theodosius_n for_o punish_v a_o common_a fault_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o public_a theatre_n bath_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v a_o metropolis_n which_o st_n chrysostome_n also_o confirm_v in_o his_o seventeen_o oration_n de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la after_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n be_v the_o same_o antiochian_o of_o old_a punish_v by_o m._n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n etc._n etc._n viii_o whether_o a_o punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v but_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o notable_a question_n whether_o the_o punishment_n due_a for_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o any_o one_o city_n or_o state_n may_v at_o any_o time_n afterward_o be_v exact_v so_o long_o as_o that_o state_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n do_v subsist_v it_o may_v for_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a at_o all_o time_n may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v because_o the_o same_o body_n politic_a still_o remain_v though_o the_o individual_n succeed_v each_o to_o other_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o must_v note_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v primary_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o every_o corporation_n as_o to_o have_v a_o public_a treasury_n to_o have_v law_n and_o the_o like_a other_o appertain_v thereunto_o derivative_o only_a from_o those_o individual_a person_n that_o inhabit_v therein_o in_o which_o sense_n a_o nation_n or_o city_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a valiant_a prudent_a if_o most_o or_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v such_o and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o city_n for_o that_o which_o have_v no_o life_n can_v of_o itself_o contract_v any_o guilt_n but_o a_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o those_o particular_a person_n who_o actual_o offend_v but_o they_o be_v dead_a by_o who_o the_o guilt_n be_v deduce_v to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n the_o guilt_n die_v also_o and_o consequent_o the_o obligation_n to_o the_o punishment_n which_o without_o merit_n can_v consist_v thus_o libanius_n in_o his_o forecited_n oration_n there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v for_o revenge_n where_o all_o be_v dead_a that_o give_v the_o offence_n wherefore_o alexander_n be_v high_o condemn_v by_o arrianus_n for_o his_o too_o much_o cruelty_n and_o injustice_n in_o his_o revenge_n take_v upon_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v no_o one_o person_n then_o live_v of_o those_o who_o have_v former_o offend_v the_o grecian_n and_o therefore_o julian_n ascribe_v that_o war_n to_o another_o cause_n there_o be_v 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that_o the_o corinthian_n shall_v revenge_v a_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o the_o
to_o be_v lament_v whosoever_o therefore_o shall_v with_o any_o remorse_n consider_v those_o so_o great_a so_o horrid_a and_o so_o direful_a effect_n of_o war_n can_v but_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v miserable_a but_o he_o that_o can_v feel_v they_o or_o think_v upon_o they_o without_o sorrow_n much_o more_o he_o that_o can_v glory_v in_o the_o success_n of_o they_o ideo_fw-la se_fw-la putat_fw-la beatum_fw-la quia_fw-la humanum_fw-la perdidit_fw-la sensum_fw-la therefore_o think_v himself_o happy_a because_o he_o have_v lose_v all_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n so_o the_o same_o father_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o that_o 15._o id_fw-la de_fw-la civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 4._o c._n 15._o belligerare_fw-la malis_fw-la videtur_fw-la felicitas_fw-la bonis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la good_a man_n make_v war_n their_o refuge_n but_o wicked_a man_n make_v it_o their_o delight_n and_o be_v there_o nothing_o of_o injustice_n in_o the_o war_n yet_o to_o be_v enforce_v unto_o it_o that_o be_v in_o itself_o miserable_a say_v maximus_n tyrius_n whereunto_o he_o add_v wise_a man_n never_o make_v war_n but_o by_o constraint_n whereas_o fool_n fight_v for_o pleasure_n and_o gain_v 13._o lib._n 13._o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o diodorus_n consider_v those_o great_a enmity_n and_o animosity_n likely_a to_o arise_v from_o war_n think_v themselves_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o declare_v before_o the_o god_n and_o unto_o all_o good_a man_n that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o author_n of_o it_o plutarch_n bring_v in_o some_o make_n this_o objection_n but_o have_v not_o rome_n much_o improve_v herself_o by_o war_n whereunto_o he_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o she_o have_v so_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o place_n their_o great_a glory_n in_o riches_n in_o pleasure_n wantonness_n and_o martial_a power_n which_o be_v but_o the_o dregs_o of_o honour_n but_o not_o in_o they_o who_o place_n their_o glory_n in_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o people_n in_o meekness_n justice_n and_o 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subject_n that_o they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n 25._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 25._o pliny_n after_o he_o have_v recount_v so_o many_o famous_a battle_n gain_v by_o the_o dictator_n c._n caesar_n wherein_o be_v slay_v as_o he_o there_o compute_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o thousand_o man_n add_v this_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v it_o as_o any_o part_n of_o his_o glory_n to_o have_v do_v so_o great_a wrong_n to_o mankind_n however_o provoke_v philo_z in_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n observe_v that_o though_o the_o kill_n of_o enemy_n in_o war_n be_v by_o the_o law_n permit_v yet_o whosoever_o do_v kill_v a_o man_n though_o just_o though_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n though_o compel_v thereunto_o against_o his_o will_n do_v notwithstanding_o contract_v some_o guilt_n unto_o himself_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o common_a kindred_n and_o alliance_n between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o supreme_a cause_n wherefore_o expiation_n and_o purgation_n be_v think_v necessary_a to_o cleanse_v they_o from_o that_o crime_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o they_o if_o then_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n though_o against_o his_o will_n sanguine_fw-la pollutus_fw-la esset_fw-la hostili_fw-la quidem_fw-la attamen_fw-la sanguine_fw-la be_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o one_o of_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o if_o god_n will_v not_o permit_v david_n to_o build_v he_o a_o temple_n because_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o blood_n though_o of_o his_o enemy_n that_o be_v as_o josephus_n write_v because_o he_o have_v make_v many_o war_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v permit_v if_o among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n he_o that_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o accidental_o 4._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 4._o or_o in_o defence_n of_o himself_o have_v need_n of_o expiation_n who_o can_v see_v how_o unhappy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v and_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v avoid_v voluntary_o to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o a_o war_n though_o haply_o not_o unjust_a sure_o among_o the_o greek_a church_n that_o most_o christian_a canon_n be_v long_o in_o force_n whereby_o he_o that_o in_o what_o war_n soever_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n admit_v unto_o the_o sacrament_n chap._n xxv_o for_o what_o cause_n a_o war_n may_v be_v undertake_v for_o other_o i._o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v by_o a_o prince_n for_o his_o subject_n ii_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v so_o undertake_v iii_o whether_o a_o innocent_a subject_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o a_o enemy_n to_o prevent_v a_o war._n iv_o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o confederate_n equal_a or_o unequal_a v._o as_o also_o for_o our_o friend_n vi_o yea_o and_o for_o any_o man_n vii_o yet_o may_v it_o also_o be_v omit_v without_o blame_n if_o it_o endanger_v himself_o or_o can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o death_n of_o the_o invader_n viii_o whether_o that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v to_o relieve_v another_o man_n subject_n this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n ix_o all_o those_o military_a consociation_n and_o mercenary_a succour_n that_o respect_v not_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a x._o to_o engage_v in_o war_n for_o spoil_n or_o pay_v only_o be_v wicked_a i._o a_o prince_n may_v just_o make_v war_n for_o his_o subject_n above_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n it_o be_v say_v and_o show_v that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o vindicate_v not_o only_o his_o own_o but_o the_o right_n of_o another_o 5._o another_o see_v lib._n 1._o c._n 5._o wherefore_o look_v what_o cause_n do_v justify_v a_o war_n undertake_v for_o ourselves_o the_o very_a same_o do_v justify_v a_o war_n make_v for_o another_o but_o our_o principal_n and_o most_o necessary_a care_n shall_v be_v for_o our_o own_o subject_n whether_o they_o be_v our_o domestic_n or_o such_o as_o live_v under_o our_o civil_a government_n for_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o governor_n as_o we_o there_o show_v 2._o josh_n 10.6_o persicor_n 2._o thus_o joshua_n we_o read_v make_v war_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o gibeonite_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o man_n just_o that_o he_o wrong_v no_o man_n say_v procopius_n unless_o he_o also_o be_v careful_a to_o protect_v those_o from_o injury_n who_o for_o that_o very_a end_n have_v put_v themselves_o under_o he_o our_o ancestor_n say_v cicero_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n do_v often_o make_v war_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n when_o they_o have_v be_v abuse_v by_o stranger_n 2._o verr._n 2._o and_o in_o another_o place_n how_o many_o war_n say_v he_o do_v our_o forefather_n undertake_v to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n when_o their_o seaman_n have_v be_v imprison_v and_o their_o merchant_n spoil_v yea_o and_o the_o very_a same_o roman_n who_o refuse_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o people_n that_o be_v their_o confederate_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o same_o people_n when_o they_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o become_v their_o subject_n thus_o do_v the_o campane_n bespeak_v the_o roman_n though_o you_o refuse_v to_o assist_v or_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o enemy_n whilst_o we_o be_v your_o friend_n and_o confederate_n yet_o now_o that_o we_o be_v your_o subject_n you_o will_v certain_o protect_v we_o whereupon_o florus_n say_v that_o the_o campane_n make_v that_o league_n which_o they_o have_v former_o contract_v with_o the_o roman_n more_o strong_a and_o inviolable_a by_o their_o voluntary_a surrender_n of_o all_o they_o have_v unto_o they_o for_o it_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n 7._o
hollander_n than_o have_v with_o the_o spaniard_n the_o like_a have_v always_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o french_a to_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o that_o so_o free_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o enemy_n have_v in_o other_o man_n name_n transport_v their_o good_n without_o damage_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o edict_n make_v 1543._o chapter_n the_o 42._o and_o by_o another_o make_v 1584._o wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o their_o friend_n may_v free_o traffic_v whither_o they_o please_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o their_o own_o ship_n man_n and_o good_n and_o that_o those_o good_n be_v not_o belli_n instrumenta_fw-la arm_n nor_o ammunition_n for_o war_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v be_v make_v strong_a but_o in_o case_n they_o do_v so_o than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o seize_v they_o to_o their_o own_o use_n pay_v a_o valuable_a price_n for_o they_o wherein_o two_o thing_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o by_o these_o law_n ammunition_n for_o war_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o lawful_a prize_n much_o less_o be_v other_o innocent_a merchandize_n obnoxious_a to_o this_o danger_n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o northern_a nation_n have_v sometime_o usurp_v another_o right_n but_o not_o constant_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o rather_o by_o present_a necessity_n then_o by_o a_o perpetual_a equity_n the_o english_a upon_o pretence_n of_o their_o war_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o dane_n freedom_n of_o traffic_n whence_o arise_v that_o war_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n whereby_o the_o english_a be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o tribute_n to_o the_o dane_n which_o be_v call_v the_o dane_n penny_n which_o though_o the_o cause_n be_v change_v yet_o the_o name_n of_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o thuanus_n record_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1589._o again_o we_o find_v it_o record_v as_o well_o by_o rhâ—danus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o oâ—_n by_o master_n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n send_v her_o ambassador_n sr_n william_n winter_n and_o secretary_n beale_n to_o remonstrate_v that_o the_o english_a can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o war_n then_o with_o spain_n shall_v detain_v their_o ship_n trade_v in_o the_o spanish_a port_n and_o when_o the_o english_a and_o the_o hollander_n be_v both_o at_o war_n with_o spain_n do_v disturb_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o their_o traffic_n with_o the_o spaniard_n with_o what_o a_o disputable_a right_n they_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o eager_a dissertation_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v worthy_a our_o perusal_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o this_o controversy_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o english_a themselves_o do_v in_o their_o writing_n acknowledge_v no_o less_o whereas_o they_o principal_o insist_v upon_o these_o two_o argument_n to_o defend_v their_o cause_n namely_o that_o the_o german_n do_v furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o instrument_n of_o war_n and_o second_o that_o it_o have_v be_v mutual_o agree_v in_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o both_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v the_o like_a agreement_n we_o find_v afterward_o make_v between_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n and_o the_o lubecker_n and_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1593._o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v permit_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o traffic_v within_o their_o dominion_n or_o shall_v aid_v they_o with_o either_o man_n money_n ship_n or_o victual_n and_o afterward_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n that_o the_o dane_n shall_v obstruct_v all_o manner_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n be_v then_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o swede_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o merchandize_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o sound_n or_o the_o baltic_a sea_n to_o any_o of_o the_o swede_n enemy_n for_o which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v to_o receive_v other_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n from_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o these_o be_v particular_a contract_n from_o whence_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v infer_v neither_o do_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n only_o blame_v the_o english_a for_o deny_v they_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o enemy_n but_o the_o polander_n also_o complain_v against_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1597_o as_o cambden_n relate_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n waâ—_n violate_v because_o they_o be_v molest_v in_o their_o commerce_n with_o spain_n because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o spaniard_n have_v war_n with_o england_n but_o the_o french_a have_v make_v peace_n with_o spain_n be_v solicit_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v still_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o spaniard_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o english_a to_o search_v their_o ship_n for_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n will_v not_o admit_v so_o much_o as_o this_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o rapine_n and_o to_o disturb_v traffic_n so_o in_o the_o league_n that_o the_o english_a make_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o it_o concern_v to_o give_v check_n to_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n shall_v be_v solicit_v to_o forbiâ—_n all_o commerce_n with_o spain_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o voluntary_o then_o that_o they_o will_v permit_v their_o ship_n to_o be_v search_v that_o no_o arm_n or_o instrument_n for_o war_n may_v be_v thither_o import_v but_o beyond_o this_o neither_o be_v the_o good_n or_o ship_n detain_v nor_o any_o hurt_n do_v under_o that_o pretence_n to_o such_o as_o traffic_v peaceable_o nay_o when_o in_o the_o same_o year_n several_a hamburger_n be_v take_v lade_v most_o with_o instrument_n of_o war_n those_o only_o be_v challenge_v by_o the_o english_a as_o prize_n but_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commodity_n they_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n but_o the_o french_a when_o their_o ship_n be_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v by_o the_o english_a because_o bind_v for_o spain_n do_v declare_v unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v it_o it_o be_v fit_a therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v remonstrance_n and_o public_a declaration_n forbid_v traffic_n with_o our_o enemy_n before_o we_o seize_v their_o good_n as_o prize_n so_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o those_o of_o the_o holy_a league_n 1598._o see_v a_o example_n of_o a_o declaration_n make_v by_o the_o english_a in_o cambden_n about_o the_o year_n 1591._o and_o 1598._o send_v out_o her_o proclamation_n command_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v victual_n or_o provision_n for_o war_n out_o of_o â—ngland_n into_o any_o of_o the_o port_n of_o france_n possess_v by_o the_o leaguer_n or_o traffic_v with_o they_o uâ—on_a pain_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o afterward_o the_o war_n wax_v hot_a it_o be_v public_o command_v upon_o the_o like_a pain_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v corn_n munition_n or_o provision_n for_o ship_n into_o spain_n because_o he_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o england_n and_o refuse_v to_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a league_n betwixt_o their_o predecessor_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o any_o nation_n shall_v be_v restrain_v from_o their_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n by_o such_o declaration_n but_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o every_o nation_n choice_n to_o do_v as_o their_o own_o occasion_n and_o advantage_n shall_v prompt_v they_o to_o there_o be_v nothing_o find_v in_o history_n 1595._o vid._n thuan._n an._n 1589._o lib._n 96._o cambd._n an._n 1589._o &_o 1595._o that_o may_v probable_o infer_v any_o certain_a determination_n of_o this_o controversy_n among_o nation_n wherefore_o such_o declaration_n though_o publish_v have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v and_o sometime_o not_o according_o as_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o respective_a advantage_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o the_o hansetown_n make_v sore_a complaint_n against_o queen_n elizabeth_n 1595._o cambd._n an._n 1595._o upon_o her_o take_n of_o sixty_o hulk_n traffic_v to_o spain_n then_o in_o open_a war_n with_o england_n as_o if_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n have_v be_v break_v she_o answer_v that_o she_o have_v forewarn_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o carry_v any_o provision_n for_o war_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o carry_v they_o she_o have_v lawful_o take_v they_o and_o can_v do_v no_o other_o unless_o she_o will_v wilful_o draw_v destruction_n upon_o herself_o and_o people_n that_o
man_n of_o hermunduli_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o what_o in_o another_o place_n he_o express_v in_o these_o word_n hostess_fw-la sit_fw-la ille_fw-la quique_fw-la intra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la ejus_fw-la sunt_fw-la let_v he_o be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n and_o whosoever_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o protection_n but_o this_o custom_n be_v in_o force_n even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o perfect_a war_n absolute_o denounce_v but_o where_o notwithstanding_o a_o certain_a violent_a prosecution_n of_o our_o right_n be_v necessary_a which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o inchoate_n and_o imperfect_a war._n it_o be_v worth_a our_o observation_n what_o agesilaus_n answer_v to_o pharnabazus_n be_v a_o subject_a to_o the_o persian_a king_n o_o pharnabazus_n 4._o plut._n age_n &_o xenoph._n hist_n graec._n 4._o when_o heretofore_o we_o be_v friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n we_o deal_v friendly_a with_o all_o that_o appertain_v unto_o he_o so_o now_o be_v his_o enemy_n we_o use_v all_o his_o as_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o since_o thou_o be_v willing_a to_o depend_v upon_o his_o protection_n we_o may_v lawful_o weaken_v he_o by_o thou_o the_o learned_a damascene_fw-la do_v prudent_o distinguish_v between_o the_o take_n of_o prize_n or_o reprizal_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o debt_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o the_o make_n of_o war_n which_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o king_n herod_n for_o who_o 6._o jos_n antiq._n 6._o though_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o arabian_n yet_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o take_v prize_n throughout_o all_o arabia_n for_o the_o five_o hundred_o talent_n due_a unto_o he_o if_o not_o pay_v by_o a_o certain_a day_n appoint_v for_o so_o it_o be_v express_o covenant_v between_o they_o and_o therefore_o herod_n do_v right_o deny_v that_o to_o be_v the_o make_n of_o war_n which_o be_v but_o a_o just_a and_o lawful_a way_n to_o recover_v his_o own_o right_a iii_o a_o example_n in_o take_v of_o man_n prisoner_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o right_n be_v that_o which_o the_o athenian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o make_v man_n prisoner_n concern_v which_o the_o attic_a law_n be_v this_o if_o any_o man_n have_v be_v by_o forcible_a assault_n kill_v by_o a_o stranger_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v any_o three_o man_n prisoner_n but_o no_o more_o and_o to_o detain_v they_o until_o the_o murderer_n be_v either_o punish_v or_o deliver_v up_o to_o be_v punish_v hence_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o incorporeal_a right_n of_o subject_n that_o be_v a_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o and_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v engage_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o every_o society_n which_o ought_v to_o punish_v such_o of_o their_o own_o society_n as_o shall_v dare_v to_o injure_v those_o of_o another_o society_n so_o that_o any_o of_o the_o member_n of_o that_o society_n that_o shall_v negglect_v or_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o if_o take_v may_v be_v hold_v in_o bondage_n until_o that_o society_n do_v what_o they_o ought_v that_o be_v until_o they_o either_o punish_v or_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n for_o although_o the_o egyptian_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v do_v maintain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o just_a to_o imprison_v a_o man_n for_o debt_n yet_o be_v there_o nothing_o in_o it_o repugnant_a to_o nature_n and_o the_o general_a practice_n not_o only_o of_o the_o grecian_n but_o of_o most_o other_o nation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o warrant_v the_o contrary_n aristocrates_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o demosthenes_n demand_v that_o a_o decree_n may_v pass_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v kill_v charidemus_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o from_o what_o place_n soever_o and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v make_v resistance_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o a_o enemy_n in_o which_o decree_n demosthenes_n observe_v these_o error_n first_o that_o aristocrates_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o the_o put_n to_o death_n of_o charidemus_n just_o or_o unjust_o see_v that_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o may_v deserve_v death_n next_o that_o he_o do_v not_o require_v that_o judgement_n shall_v first_o be_v demand_v against_o he_o and_o three_o that_o not_o they_o among_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v kill_v but_o they_o that_o shall_v receive_v the_o murderer_n be_v escape_v into_o protection_n shall_v be_v prosecute_v as_o enemy_n demosthenes_n his_o word_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n if_o a_o murder_n be_v commit_v among_o any_o people_n and_o they_o refuse_v either_o to_o punish_v or_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o murderer_n the_o law_n allow_v the_o apprehension_n of_o three_o man_n but_o aristocrates_n leave_v these_o man_n untouched_a and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_n they_o but_o will_v have_v those_o persecute_v as_o enemy_n who_o have_v according_a to_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n concern_v suppliant_n receive_v he_o that_o have_v escape_v by_o flight_n for_o so_o i_o put_v the_o case_n into_o protection_n unless_o they_o deliver_v he_o the_o four_o thing_n that_o he_o reprove_v be_v that_o aristocrates_n will_v instant_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o absolute_a war_n whereas_o the_o law_n require_v only_o the_o detention_n of_o three_o man_n of_o these_o four_o exception_n that_o demosthenes_n take_v against_o aristocrates_n his_o decree_n the_o first_o the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o be_v not_o altogether_o without_o reason_n but_o for_o the_o three_o unless_o restrain_v to_o the_o sole_a event_n of_o the_o murder_n do_v either_o accidental_o or_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o himself_o i_o can_v perceive_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v mention_v unless_o it_o be_v like_o a_o orator_n for_o argument_n sake_n rather_o than_o true_o or_o just_o for_o as_o we_o say_v before_o 7._o vid._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 21._o sect._n 7._o that_o right_o which_o all_o man_n challenge_v of_o receive_v and_o defend_v suppliant_n do_v concern_v those_o only_o who_o fortune_n and_o not_o their_o own_o crime_n have_v make_v miserable_a for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n for_o those_o among_o who_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v as_o for_o those_o who_o resuse_v either_o to_o punish_v or_o deliver_v the_o guilty_a and_o sure_o either_o the_o law_n itself_o cite_v by_o demosthenes_n have_v through_o custom_n be_v thus_o interpret_v or_o against_o such_o cavil_n be_v afterward_o more_o liquid_o express_v the_o truth_n of_o one_o of_o these_o none_o will_v deny_v that_o read_v that_o of_o julius_n pollux_n 6._o lib._n 8._o c._n 6._o who_o word_n be_v these_o the_o take_n of_o man_n prisoner_n be_v then_o lawful_a when_o a_o man_n have_v demand_v homicide_n who_o have_v flee_v for_o safety_n to_o other_o can_v receive_v they_o for_o the_o right_n of_o apprehend_v three_o man_n lie_v against_o those_o who_o have_v receive_v malefactor_n into_o protection_n refuse_v either_o to_o deliver_v they_o or_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o law_n the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o harpocration_n the_o right_n of_o take_v prisoner_n be_v a_o right_a to_o snatch_v away_o some_o man_n from_o some_o other_o city_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n against_o such_o city_n as_o receive_v malefactor_n and_o refuse_v either_o to_o punish_v they_o or_o to_o deliver_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o right_n of_o pignoration_n the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o city_n who_o citizen_n have_v be_v manifest_o and_o injurious_o take_v away_o and_o detain_v from_o they_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o at_o carthage_n there_o be_v some_o that_o oppose_v the_o take_n of_o ariston_n the_o tyrian_a prisoner_n upon_o this_o ground_n 34._o liv._o l._n 34._o that_o the_o like_a will_v be_v do_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n both_o at_o tyre_n and_o at_o other_o mart_n town_n where_o the_o carthaginian_n use_v to_o traffic_v iu_o reprizal_n lawful_a another_o kind_n of_o forcible_a execution_n of_o this_o right_n be_v the_o take_n of_o good_n between_o the_o people_n of_o divers_a nation_n which_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n call_v reprizal_n or_o a_o violent_a seize_v and_o detention_n of_o each_o other_o good_n which_o the_o english_a and_o the_o saxon_n call_v withernam_fw-la and_o the_o french_a even_o where_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v obtain_v from_o the_o king_n letter_n of_o marque_n which_o also_o be_v frequent_o grant_v and_o be_v of_o force_n as_o lawyer_n say_v where_o right_o be_v deny_v v._o our_o right_n be_v first_o deny_v and_o when_o that_o be_v and_o this_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o only_a when_o they_o can_v in_o any_o reasonable_a time_n obtain_v judgement_n against_o a_o delinquent_n or_o a_o debtor_n but_o when_o in_o a_o case_n that_o will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o any_o doubt_n sentence_n shall_v pass_v plain_o against_o right_n for_o case_n that_o be_v ambiguous_a the_o definitive_a
a_o city_n 1._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 1._o so_o likewise_o cicero_n in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v neither_o law_n nor_o judgement_n nor_o any_o sign_n to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commonwealth_n aristides_n in_o his_o persuasive_a oration_n to_o the_o rhodian_o for_o peace_n prove_v that_o many_o good_a law_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v even_o with_o tyranny_n and_o aristotle_n inform_v we_o rep_n lib._n 5._o the_o rep_n that_o he_o that_o strain_v the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o noble_n or_o of_o the_o people_n to_o too_o high_a a_o key_n mar_v the_o harmony_n of_o good_a government_n and_o first_o corrupt_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o then_o destroy_v it_o let_v we_o illustrate_v this_o by_o example_n that_o they_o who_o be_v take_v by_o robber_n be_v not_o make_v slave_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o opinion_n of_o ulpian_n but_o if_o a_o roman_a citizen_n be_v take_v by_o the_o german_n or_o parthian_n he_o lose_v his_o freedom_n and_o yet_o among_o the_o german_n 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thus_o likewise_o do_v the_o platean_n in_o the_o same_o author_n plead_v 3._o plead_v lib._n 3._o by_o that_o law_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repel_v he_o by_o force_n that_o shall_v invade_v we_o like_o a_o enemy_n so_o flaminius_n in_o diodorus_n peiresianis_fw-la diodorus_n excerp_n peiresianis_fw-la call_v all_o both_o god_n and_o man_n to_o witness_v that_o according_a to_o this_o law_n the_o king_n and_o not_o himself_o be_v the_o aggressor_n and_o if_o so_o then_o as_o latinus_n in_o halicarnassensis_n note_n every_o man_n that_o be_v by_o a_o war_n damnify_v may_v right_v himself_o upon_o he_o that_o begin_v it_o and_o as_o aelian_a out_o of_o plato_n quod_fw-la ad_fw-la propulsandam_fw-la vim_o suscipitur_fw-la bellum_fw-la 1._o lib._n 1._o non_fw-la à _fw-la caduceatore_fw-la sed_fw-la à _fw-la natura_fw-la indicitur_fw-la that_o war_n that_o be_v make_v against_o a_o invader_n need_v
dominion_n whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o v._o testimony_n of_o these_o effect_n but_o the_o licence_n that_o a_o just_a war_n give_v to_o one_o enemy_n against_o another_o extend_v either_o to_o his_o person_n or_o his_o estate_n and_o first_o to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o hereof_o we_o have_v many_o testimony_n record_v in_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n the_o greek_a proverb_n acquit_v the_o soldier_n for_o what_o he_o do_v against_o the_o person_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n in_o that_o it_o say_v he_o guiltless_a be_v that_o do_v his_o enemy_n kill_v euripides_n euripides_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n be_v not_o to_o wash_v nor_o to_o eat_v with_o a_o homicide_n much_o less_o to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o any_o duty_n that_o be_v holy_a and_o yet_o with_o he_o that_o in_o the_o war_n have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n it_o be_v lawful_a and_o in_o all_o author_n we_o read_v that_o to_o kill_v be_v jus_n belli_n the_o right_a 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for_o our_o slain_n we_o grieve_v be_v this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o arm_n the_o chance_n of_o war._n yet_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o when_o these_o author_n seem_v to_o justify_v such_o act_n of_o cruelty_n by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o do_v not_o altogether_o free_v they_o from_o sin_n but_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o sin_n 1._o annal._n lib._n 1._o as_o will_v appear_v by_o other_o place_n in_o the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o tacitus_n in_o pace_n causas_fw-la &_o merita_fw-la spectari_fw-la ubi_fw-la bellum_fw-la ingruat_fw-la innocent_n ac_fw-la noxios_fw-la juxta_fw-la cadere_fw-la peace_n do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o cause_n and_o merit_n and_o according_o dispense_v reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o in_o war_n the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a do_v fall_v alike_o and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o common_a trooper_n who_o demand_v of_o his_o captain_n a_o reward_n for_o kill_v his_o own_o brother_n in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o enemy_n troop_n he_o say_v nec_fw-la illis_fw-la aut_fw-la honorare_fw-la eam_fw-la caedem_fw-la jus_o hominum_fw-la nec_fw-la ulcisci_fw-la ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la permittebat_fw-la neither_o will_v the_o law_n of_o humanity_n suffer_v they_o to_o reward_v so_o unnatural_a a_o murder_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n permit_v they_o to_o punish_v it_o for_o that_o which_o seneca_n observe_v be_v very_o true_a 1._o troad_n see_v the_o second_o book_n chap._n 1._o sect_n 1._o quodcunque_fw-la libuit_fw-la facere_fw-la victori_fw-la licet_fw-la what_o ever_o he_o will_v that_o may_v a_o victor_n do_v and_o what_o he_o note_v in_o his_o epistle_n 96._o epist._n 96._o quae_fw-la commissa_fw-la capite_fw-la luerent_fw-la tum_fw-la quia_fw-la paludati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la laudamus_fw-la what_o in_o another_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n that_o in_o a_o soldier_n under_o command_n we_o commend_v wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o st_n cyprian_a 2._o epist._n 2._o homicidium_fw-la cum_fw-la admittunt_fw-la singuli_fw-la crimen_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la voco_fw-la cum_fw-la publicè_fw-la geritur_fw-la that_o which_o in_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n be_v account_v valour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o fact_n but_o the_o exorbitancy_n of_o their_o cruelty_n that_o render_v soldier_n unpunishable_a and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o add_v consensere_fw-la jura_fw-la peccatis_fw-la &_o coepit_fw-la esse_fw-la licitum_fw-la quod_fw-la publicum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o law_n do_v connive_v at_o sin_n which_o be_v therefore_o sometime_o repute_v innocence_n because_o license_v by_o public_a authority_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a what_o lactantius_n say_v of_o the_o roman_n pharsal_a institut_fw-la 4._o c._n 9_o pharsal_a that_o they_o do_v legitimè_fw-la injurias_fw-la infer_v infest_v other_o lawful_o as_o that_o also_o of_o lucan_n jusque_fw-la datum_fw-la sceleri_fw-la which_o we_o may_v translate_v in_o the_o word_n of_o david_n wickedness_n be_v practise_v as_o by_o a_o law_n vi_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o war._n but_o this_o right_n of_o licence_n or_o impunity_n in_o war_n extend_v itself_o very_o far_o for_o it_o reach_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v actual_o in_o arm_n nor_o unto_o such_o only_a as_o be_v subject_n to_o these_o prince_n against_o who_o the_o war_n be_v make_v but_o unto_o all_o such_o as_o reside_v within_o their_o territory_n or_o dominion_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o form_n so_o often_o use_v in_o livy_n hostess_fw-la sit_fw-la ille_fw-la quique_fw-la intra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la sunt_fw-la ejus_fw-la let_v he_o and_o all_o that_o live_v under_o his_o protection_n be_v hold_v as_o enemy_n 37._o livy_n lib._n 37._o and_o no_o marvel_n see_v that_o by_o all_o such_o we_o may_v be_v damnify_v which_o in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v last_a and_o universal_a be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v the_o licence_n here_o speak_v of_o otherwise_o than_o in_o reprizal_n or_o pignoration_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v at_o the_o first_o introduce_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o tax_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o public_a debt_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o as_o baldus_n note_n this_o licence_n in_o war_n be_v much_o great_a than_o that_o in_o pignoration_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o question_n but_o that_o stranger_n come_v into_o the_o enemy_n territory_n after_o the_o war_n be_v proclaim_v and_o begin_v may_v be_v persecute_v as_o enemy_n vii_o though_o they_o come_v before_o the_o war_n begin_v but_o as_o for_o those_o that_o go_v thither_o before_o the_o war_n be_v proclaim_v it_o be_v think_v fit_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v some_o time_n allow_v they_o to_o depart_v thence_o with_o their_o good_n for_o so_o we_o read_v of_o the_o corcyraean_n that_o before_o they_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o epidamnum_n 1._o liv._o l._n 25._o thucyd._n lib._n 1._o they_o give_v warn_v to_o all_o stranger_n to_o depart_v or_o to_o be_v hold_v as_o enemy_n viii_o but_o natural_a subject_n every_o where_o unless_o protect_v by_o another_o prince_n but_o such_o as_o be_v true_a and_o natural_a subject_n if_o we_o have_v respect_n only_o to_o their_o person_n they_o may_v in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o be_v persecute_v because_o as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o war_n be_v decree_v and_o denounce_v it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v against_o a_o prince_n or_o nation_n and_o the_o people_n thereof_o so_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o decree_n against_o king_n philip_n do_v will_n and_o command_v that_o war_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v against_o he_o and_o the_o macedonian_n under_o his_o dominion_n now_o he_o that_o be_v a_o enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v every_o where_o persecute_v according_a to_o that_o of_o euripides_n ubicunque_fw-la prensum_fw-la jura_fw-la laedi_fw-la hostem_fw-la sinunt_fw-la
make_v use_n of_o the_o treachery_n of_o other_o in_o all_o other_o case_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o it_o in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v before_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o poison_n namely_o to_o restrain_v the_o danger_n that_o attend_v king_n and_o prince_n when_o one_o tell_v eumenes_n 14._o just_a lib._n 14._o that_o his_o enemy_n have_v hire_v one_o to_o kill_v he_o he_o will_v not_o believe_v that_o any_o general_n or_o inferior_a captain_n will_v give_v so_o ill_a a_o example_n against_o himself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o justine_n declare_v 12._o just_a lib._n 12._o that_o when_o bessus_n have_v kill_v king_n darius_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v endure_v for_o example_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o king_n for_o as_o seneca_n well_o observe_v regi_fw-la tuenda_fw-la est_fw-la maxim_n regum_fw-la salus_fw-la a_o king_n chief_a care_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o king_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o among_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o denounce_v a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n private_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n account_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a 11._o annal._n l._n 11._o tacitus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o the_o plot_n that_o be_v lay_v against_o the_o life_n of_o gannascus_n be_v at_o all_o 7._o lib._n 7._o degenerous_a because_o he_o be_v a_o traitor_n and_o curtius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o guilt_n of_o bessus_n in_o kill_v darius_n do_v make_v the_o treachery_n of_o spitamenes_n appear_v the_o less_o odious_a for_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v think_v wicked_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o regicide_n so_o likewise_o ammianus_n concern_v florentius_n and_o barchalba_n who_o have_v surprise_v procopius_n the_o traitor_n si_fw-mi principem_fw-la legitimum_fw-la prodidissent_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la justitia_fw-la jure_fw-la caesos_fw-la pronunciaret_fw-la si_fw-la rebellem_fw-la &_o oppugnatorem_fw-la internae_fw-la quietis_fw-la ut_fw-la ferebatur_fw-la amplas_fw-la ei_fw-la memorabilis_fw-la facti_fw-la opportuerat_fw-la deferri_fw-la mercedes_fw-la if_o it_o have_v be_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n that_o they_o have_v betray_v the_o law_n have_v just_o sentence_v they_o to_o death_n but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o rebel_n or_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o country_n as_o be_v say_v you_o ought_v to_o give_v he_o a_o reward_n worthy_a of_o so_o memorable_a a_o fact_n thus_o be_v artabanes_n high_o commend_v in_o procopius_n for_o kill_a gontharide_n as_o we_o may_v read_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o of_o his_o vandal_n history_n so_o perfidiousness_n or_o treachery_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o blameless_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n punishable_a because_o commit_v against_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n but_o what_o if_o they_o that_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o do_v owe_v he_o no_o faith_n kill_v but_o not_o if_o he_o owe_v he_o no_o faith_n but_o not_o if_o the_o person_n send_v owe_v no_o faith_n to_o he_o who_o he_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v nor_o be_v any_o way_n oblige_v unto_o he_o sure_o then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o kill_v he_o if_o they_o can_v even_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n thus_o pipin_n father_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a of_o france_n attend_v with_o one_o only_a of_o his_o guard_n pass_v the_o rhine_n and_o kill_v his_o enemy_n even_o in_o his_o own_o chamber_n the_o like_a be_v attempt_v by_o one_o theodotus_n a_o etolian_a upon_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n which_o polybius_n commend_v as_o no_o unmanly_a attempt_n such_o also_o be_v that_o heroic_a enterprise_n of_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n who_o be_v in_o plutarch_n esteem_n a_o man_n accomplish_v with_o all_o virtuous_a endowment_n which_o attempt_n he_o thus_o defend_v host_n hostem_fw-la occidere_fw-la volui_fw-la i_o be_v a_o enemy_n will_v have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n 3._o livy_n l._n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 3._o porsenna_n himself_o acknowledge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o true_a valour_n valerius_n maximus_n commend_v it_o for_o a_o brave_a and_o gallant_a resolution_n so_o do_v cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o publius_n sextus_n because_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n wheresoever_o we_o find_v he_o be_v lawful_a both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o difference_n how_o many_o they_o be_v that_o either_o thus_o act_n or_o suffer_v six_o hundred_o lacedaemonian_n we_o read_v of_o that_o with_o leonides_n their_o king_n march_v direct_o through_o the_o camp_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o their_o enemy_n even_o unto_o the_o king_n pavilion_n 4._o just_a l._n 2._o zozimus_fw-la l._n 4._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o few_o a_o reward_n be_v promise_v by_o the_o emperor_n valens_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v bring_v in_o the_o head_n of_o any_o scythian_a whereupon_o a_o peace_n immediate_o ensue_v they_o be_v not_o many_o that_o circumvent_v marcellus_n and_o his_o fellow_n consul_n and_o slay_v they_o 24._o livy_n 27._o tacit._n hist_o l._n 5._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 40._o &_o jos_n anc._n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 24._o and_o that_o have_v likely_a to_o have_v kill_v petilius_n cerealis_n even_o in_o his_o bed_n ambrose_n high_o commend_v eleazar_n who_o see_v a_o mighty_a elephant_n high_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n assaulted_z him_z suppose_v that_o he_o that_o sit_v upon_o he_o have_v be_v the_o king_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o attempt_n that_o theodosius_n make_v upon_o eugenius_n record_v by_o zozimus_n nor_o that_o of_o the_o ten_o persian_n against_o the_o emperor_n julian_n attest_v by_o ammianus_n neither_o be_v they_o only_o that_o make_v these_o attempt_n excusable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o they_o also_o that_o employ_v they_o those_o roman_a senator_n that_o be_v so_o renown_v for_o their_o war_n 2._o livy_n l._n 2._o be_v repute_v the_o author_n of_o that_o gallant_a attempt_n make_v by_o scaevola_n neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o object_n that_o such_o man_n be_v take_v be_v put_v to_o exquisite_a torment_n for_o this_o happen_v not_o for_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n every_o thing_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n and_o all_o conqueror_n be_v more_o or_o less_o severe_a according_a as_o it_o shall_v conduce_v to_o their_o future_a advantage_n for_o thus_o be_v spy_n deal_v withal_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v hold_v lawful_a by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o as_o moses_n do_v joshua_n into_o the_o land_n of_o caanan_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o kill_v spy_n say_v appian_n and_o that_o just_o sometime_o by_o such_o as_o have_v apparent_o a_o just_a cause_n to_o make_v war_n but_o by_o other_o it_o be_v only_o lawful_a by_o that_o licence_n which_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n sometime_o give_v but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o will_v not_o make_v use_n of_o such_o instrument_n though_o offer_v this_o proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o magnanimity_n and_o the_o confidence_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o war_n in_o his_o own_o strength_n than_o from_o a_o opinion_n he_o have_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a xix_o whether_o ravishment_n be_v in_o such_o a_o war_n lawful_a the_o ravish_v of_o woman_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n sometime_o permit_v in_o war_n and_o sometime_o forbid_v they_o that_o permit_v it_o do_v respect_n only_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n they_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o other_o much_o better_a look_v not_o unto_o the_o sole_a injury_n do_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o to_o the_o very_a unbridled_a act_n of_o lust_n which_o conduce_v nothing_o either_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o unpunishable_a in_o war_n than_o in_o peace_n and_o this_o be_v the_o law_n if_o not_o of_o all_o nation_n yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o better_a and_o more_o civilise_a among_o they_o marcellus_z before_o he_o take_v syracuse_n take_v special_a care_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o chastity_n 2._o aug._n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 2._o even_o of_o his_o enemy_n and_o scipio_n as_o livy_n testify_v tell_v his_o soldier_n that_o it_o much_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n 26._o lib._n 26._o and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o
contempt_n of_o the_o true_a god_n for_o which_o the_o prophet_n do_v so_o bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o chaldean_n 5.23_o dan._n 5.23_o and_o for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v so_o order_v by_o the_o divine_a providence_n that_o pompey_n shall_v afterward_o be_v kill_v at_o cassium_n a_o promontory_n in_o egypt_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o those_o jew_n who_o temple_n he_o have_v so_o profane_v but_o yet_o if_o we_o regard_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v nothing_o do_v by_o pompey_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o when_o josephus_n have_v declare_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o same_o temple_n by_o titus_n he_o likewise_o add_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n iii_o yea_o and_o thing_n that_o be_v religious_a what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o thing_n sacred_a may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o thing_n religious_a for_o these_o be_v not_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o dead_a but_o to_o the_o live_n whether_o of_o some_o people_n or_o of_o some_o family_n wherefore_o as_o pomponius_n well_o observe_v as_o place_n be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n though_o holy_a so_o whatsoever_o be_v religious_a in_o those_o place_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o after_o the_o victory_n sepulchra_fw-la hostium_fw-la religiosa_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la ideoque_fw-la lapides_fw-la inde_fw-la sublatos_fw-la in_o quemlibet_fw-la usum_fw-la convertere_fw-la possumus_fw-la the_o sepulcher_n of_o our_o enemy_n be_v not_o unto_o we_o religious_a say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v take_v away_o the_o stone_n and_o convert_v they_o to_o what_o use_v we_o please_v which_o notwithstanding_o must_v be_v understand_v so_o dead_a with_o caution_n to_o the_o dead_a that_o no_o violence_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a which_o by_o custom_n be_v admit_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n iu._n and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o force_n but_o by_o fraud_n this_o also_o we_o must_v here_o repeat_v that_o the_o good_n of_o our_o enemy_n may_v be_v take_v away_o from_o they_o not_o only_o by_o plain_a force_n but_o even_o by_o fraud_n also_o so_o it_o be_v without_o perfidiousness_n nay_o we_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v permit_v to_o excite_v the_o treachery_n of_o other_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o say_a law_n of_o nation_n begin_v so_o to_o connive_v at_o such_o petty_a and_o ordinary_a slip_n as_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v at_o whoredom_n and_o gripe_a usury_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o right_n to_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n i._n what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v concern_v thing_n gain_v by_o war._n ii_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ordain_v iii_o when_o thing_n movable_a be_v say_v to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n iv_o when_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v acquire_v v._o thing_n be_v not_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o acquire_v by_o war._n vi_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n determine_v concern_v good_n take_v in_o a_o enemy_n ship_n vii_o by_o that_o law_n what_o we_o get_v from_o enemy_n though_o by_o they_o take_v from_o other_o be_v lawful_a prize_n viii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o true_a that_o thing_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o ix_o that_o natural_o both_o possession_n and_o dominion_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o another_o x._o the_o distinction_n of_o public_a and_o private_a act_n do_v in_o war._n xi_o that_o land_n may_v be_v gain_v either_o to_o the_o people_n or_o to_o he_o that_o maintain_v the_o war._n xii_o that_o thing_n move_v themselves_o or_o movable_a be_v take_v by_o a_o private_a act_n become_v any_o man_n that_o take_v they_o xiii_o unless_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v fourteen_o that_o thing_n take_v by_o a_o public_a act_n be_v either_o the_o people_n or_o he_o who_o maintain_v the_o war._n xv._o yet_o in_o such_o thing_n somewhat_o be_v usual_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o general_n xvi_o who_o either_o adjudge_v they_o to_o the_o public_a treasury_n xvii_o or_o divide_v it_o among_o the_o soldier_n and_o how_o xviii_o or_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v pillage_v by_o the_o soldier_n xix_o or_o give_v it_o unto_o other_o xx._n or_o divide_v the_o spoil_n into_o part_n dispose_v of_o some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o and_o how_o xxi_o sometime_o the_o state_n be_v defraud_v of_o the_o spoil_n xxii_o that_o somewhat_o of_o this_o common_a right_n may_v be_v alter_v either_o by_o some_o law_n or_o some_o act_n of_o the_o will_n xxiii_o so_o some_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v give_v to_o our_o associate_n xxiv_o sometime_o also_o to_o subject_n this_o illustrate_v by_o example_n xxv_o what_o use_n may_v be_v make_v of_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v xxvi_o whether_o thing_n take_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o both_o party_n engage_v in_o war_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n lawful_o acquire_v xxvii_o this_o right_a whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v how_o proper_a to_o a_o solemn_a war._n i._o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n decree_v concern_v thing_n gain_v by_o war._n beside_o the_o licence_n that_o a_o just_a war_n give_v to_o commit_v such_o act_n against_o man_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v hitherto_o there_o be_v also_o another_o effect_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v proper_a to_o a_o solemn_a war._n and_o indeed_o even_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n those_o thing_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o a_o just_a war_n which_o be_v either_o equivalent_a to_o that_o 20._o that_o vide_fw-la lib._n 2._o ch_n 7._o §._o 2._o lib._n 2._o ch_n 20._o which_o though_o due_a can_v otherwise_o be_v obtain_v or_o which_o cause_v they_o to_o suffer_v who_o have_v do_v wrong_a so_o as_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o just_a punishment_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o right_n of_o acquire_v thing_n by_o a_o just_a war_n abraham_n offer_v unto_o god_n the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n he_o get_v from_o the_o five_o king_n 14._o king_n gen._n 14._o as_o the_o author_n to_o the_o hebrew_n seem_v to_o expound_v the_o story_n 7.4_o story_n heb._n 7.4_o so_o also_o do_v the_o grecian_n the_o carthaginian_n and_o the_o roman_n unto_o their_o god_n as_o to_o apollo_n to_o hercules_n to_o jupiter_n feretrius_n and_o other_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n leave_v to_o joseph_n a_o especial_a legacy_n above_o his_o brethren_n 48.22_o gen._n 48.22_o say_v lo_o i_o give_v thou_o one_o part_n above_o thy_o brother_n which_o i_o take_v from_o the_o amorites_n with_o my_o sword_n and_o with_o my_o bow_n where_o the_o word_n cepi_fw-la i_o take_v seem_v to_o be_v prophetical_o speak_v for_o certo_fw-la capiam_fw-la i_o shall_v sure_o take_v for_o so_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v expound_v it_o as_o if_o it_o have_v already_o be_v do_v by_o jacob_n prayer_n to_o god_n who_o by_o his_o special_a favour_n preserve_v sichem_n for_o jacob_n and_o his_o posterity_n where_o note_n also_o that_o that_o be_v attribute_v unto_o jacob_n which_o be_v do_v afterward_o by_o his_o posterity_n who_o be_v call_v by_o his_o name_n as_o if_o he_o and_o they_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n which_o place_n be_v better_a thus_o expound_v than_o to_o wrest_v it_o as_o the_o hebrew_n do_v to_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o sichemite_n which_o be_v long_o before_o do_v by_o the_o son_n of_o jacob._n for_o that_o as_o be_v somewhat_o perfidious_o do_v the_o old_a patriarch_n do_v conscientious_o disclaim_v as_o may_v be_v yet_o see_v upon_o record_n gen._n 34.30_o and_o gen._n 49.6_o now_o that_o this_o right_n which_o abraham_n and_o other_o have_v unto_o the_o spoil_v take_v in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v limit_v within_o the_o natural_a bound_n prescribe_v will_v appear_v not_o by_o this_o only_a but_o by_o other_o the_o like_a place_n of_o the_o scripture_n god_n in_o the_o law_n which_o he_o give_v deut._n 20.14_o concern_v that_o city_n that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o surrender_v but_o be_v afterward_o take_v by_o the_o sword_n order_n thus_o thou_o shall_v take_v the_o spoil_n of_o it_o to_o thyself_o and_o thou_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o prey_n of_o thy_o enemy_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v give_v thou_o 22._o 1_o chron._n 5.20_o 21_o 22._o again_o the_o rubenites_n the_o gadite_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o manasses_n be_v say_v to_o have_v conquer_v the_o iturean_o and_o their_o neighbour_n and_o to_o have_v take_v much_o spoil_n from_o they_o this_o be_v give_v as_o the_o reason_n because_o in_o the_o fight_n they_o call_v upon_o god_n and_o he_o be_v propitious_a unto_o they_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o that_o good_a king_n asa_n who_o be_v provoke_v by_o a_o unjust_a war_n make_v against_o he_o by_o the_o aethiopian_n
treasury_n but_o the_o money_n he_o have_v raise_v by_o the_o sell_n of_o the_o captive_n but_o have_v conquer_a the_o hetrusci_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o captive_n out_o of_o the_o money_n so_o raise_v he_o restore_v to_o some_o roman_a matron_n the_o gold_n they_o have_v contribute_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n and_o lay_v up_o three_o cup_n of_o gold_n in_o the_o capitol_n fabricus_fw-la have_v conquer_v the_o lacanes_n the_o brutii_n and_o the_o samnite_n 6._o liv._o l._n 5._o l._n 6._o do_v very_o much_o enrich_v the_o soldiery_n restore_v to_o every_o citizen_n his_o tax_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n four_o hundred_o talent_n beside_o so_o do_v fabius_n when_o he_o have_v take_v tarentum_n 37._o liv._o lib._n 37._o bring_v the_o money_n raise_v by_o the_o sale_n of_o prisoner_n into_o the_o treasury_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n he_o disperse_v among_o his_o soldier_n thus_o do_v q._n fulvius_n and_o appius_n claudius_n when_o they_o have_v take_v hanno_fw-la camp_n they_o sell_v the_o spoil_n and_o divide_v it_o reward_v every_o man_n that_o have_v do_v any_o signal_n service_n in_o that_o fight_n scipio_n have_v take_v carthage_n 25._o lib._n 25._o give_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o city_n to_o his_o soldier_n reserve_v only_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o gratify_v his_o friend_n acilius_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o lamia_n divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n one_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n and_o sell_v the_o other_o cn._n manlius_n have_v subdue_v the_o gallogrecian_o 37._o liv._o l._n 37._o and_o according_a to_o the_o than_o romish_a superstition_n burn_v their_o arm_n sell_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o prey_n 38._o id._n l._n 38._o part_v whereof_o as_o his_o own_o he_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n the_o rest_n he_o divide_v among_o his_o soldier_n with_o singular_a care_n as_o be_v most_o fit_a xxi_o ofttime_n it_o be_v embezelled_a whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o no_o less_o among_o the_o roman_n than_o among_o other_o nation_n the_o spoil_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n though_o the_o disposition_n thereof_o be_v sometime_o grant_v to_o their_o general_n yet_o so_o that_o they_o be_v to_o give_v account_n thereof_o to_o the_o people_n which_o we_o may_v learn_v among_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o l._n scipio_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o who_o as_o valerius_n maximus_n relate_v it_o have_v conquer_v king_n antiochus_n and_o add_v asia_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n 45._o livy_n lib._n 45._o be_v afterward_o as_o livy_n report_v condemn_v for_o enrich_v himself_o with_o the_o spoil_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o he_o have_v receive_v four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o talent_n of_o silver_n from_o the_o enemy_n more_o than_o he_o have_v bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n cato_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n bitter_o and_o resolute_o complain_v of_o the_o licence_n and_o impunity_n grant_v unto_o their_o general_n in_o his_o time_n in_o imbezel_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o rob_v the_o public_a treasury_n a_o fragment_n of_o which_o oration_n be_v record_v by_o aulus_n gellius_n in_o these_o word_n 18._o l._n 11._o c._n 18._o fures_fw-la privatorum_fw-la furtorum_fw-la in_o nervo_fw-la atque_fw-la compedibus_fw-la aetatem_fw-la agunt_fw-la fures_fw-la publici_fw-la in_o auro_fw-la atque_fw-la purpura_fw-la private_a thief_n we_o usual_o load_v with_o bolt_n and_o fetter_n but_o they_o that_o rob_v the_o commonwealth_n be_v clad_v in_o gold_n and_o purple_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o only_a gallant_n of_o our_o age_n so_o elsewhere_o the_o same_o cato_n wonder_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o hang_v up_o in_o his_o own_o house_n those_o ensign_n that_o be_v take_v in_o war_n as_o if_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o hiâ—_n own_o householdstuff_n neither_o be_v general_n only_o guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n but_o even_o private_a soldier_n in_o case_n what_o they_o so_o take_v from_o the_o enemy_n they_o do_v not_o forthwith_o produce_v in_o public_a for_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o bind_v by_o oath_n say_v polybius_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o purloin_v or_o convey_v away_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o prey_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v faithful_o discharge_v their_o trust_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o oath_n 4._o lib._n 16._o c._n 4._o the_o form_n whereof_o we_o find_v record_v by_o aulus_n gellius_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v not_o to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n either_o within_o the_o army_n or_o within_o ten_o mile_n of_o it_o that_o be_v more_o worth_a than_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n or_o if_o they_o do_v than_o they_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o consul_n or_o within_o three_o day_n to_o make_v open_a profession_n of_o what_o they_o have_v do_v which_o give_v some_o light_n to_o that_o of_o modestinus_n be_v qui_fw-la praedam_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la surripuit_fw-la peculatus_fw-la tenetur_fw-la he_o that_o steal_v away_o any_o of_o the_o spoil_n and_o keep_v it_o to_o himself_o be_v guilty_a of_o rob_v the_o public_a treasury_n and_o this_o one_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o admonish_v those_o that_o expound_v the_o law_n not_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o spoil_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v peculiar_a unto_o those_o that_o take_v they_o but_o unto_o the_o state_n that_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o rob_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v either_o public_a sacred_a or_o religious_a the_o result_n of_o all_o this_o be_v to_o show_v that_o set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o primary_o whatsoever_o be_v in_o the_o public_a act_n of_o a_o just_a war_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v the_o war._n xxii_o that_o somewhat_o may_v be_v change_v of_o this_o common_a right_n by_o any_o law_n or_o act_n of_o the_o will._n we_o add_v set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o primary_o or_o direct_o the_o former_a because_o the_o law_n whether_o make_v by_o the_o people_n as_o among_o the_o roman_n or_o by_o the_o king_n as_o among_o the_o hebrew_n and_o other_o place_n may_v dispose_v of_o these_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o actual_o possess_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o here_o under_o the_o word_n law_n we_o understand_v also_o custom_n if_o right_o introduce_v the_o latter_a i_o add_v that_o we_o may_v know_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n to_o grant_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o other_o as_o well_o as_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o other_o thing_n and_o that_o not_o only_o after_o they_o be_v get_v but_o before_o so_o that_o immediate_o upon_o the_o take_n of_o they_o action_n be_v commence_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v that_o be_v compendious_o decline_v the_o dilatory_a form_n of_o suit_n which_o grant_n may_v be_v make_v not_o only_o nominal_o but_o general_o also_o as_o to_o widow_n to_o the_o age_a and_o impotent_a and_o to_o poor_a orphan_n as_o part_v of_o the_o spoil_n be_v thus_o give_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o maccabite_n 30._o 2_o mac._n 8.28_o 30._o or_o unto_o uncertain_a person_n in_o imitation_n of_o those_o sportulae_fw-la which_o the_o roman_a consul_n and_o other_o prince_n cast_v among_o the_o people_n whereof_o every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o catch_v what_o he_o will_v neither_o be_v the_o translation_n of_o this_o right_n either_o by_o law_n or_o grant_v unto_o other_o always_o a_o mere_a donative_n for_o sometime_o it_o be_v due_a by_o some_o former_a covenant_n or_o agreement_n sometime_o in_o discharge_n of_o some_o debt_n or_o as_o a_o recompense_n for_o some_o loss_n receive_v or_o some_o extraordinary_a charge_n man_n have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o war_n either_o by_o purse_n or_o pain_n as_o when_o a_o man_n serve_v in_o the_o war_n without_o pay_n or_o for_o less_o than_o his_o pain_n deserve_v for_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v usual_a we_o see_v to_o grant_v either_o all_o or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o other_o xxiii_o some_o of_o the_o spoil_n may_v be_v due_a to_o our_o associate_n it_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o civilian_n that_o custom_n have_v so_o far_o prevail_v almost_o every_o where_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o our_o associate_n or_o subject_n that_o serve_v without_o pay_n and_o at_o their_o own_o cost_n and_o peril_n shall_v take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v their_o own_o as_o to_o our_o associate_n the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n they_o that_o be_v associate_v in_o a_o war_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v each_o other_o loss_n which_o shall_v be_v occasion_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v common_a and_o public_a beside_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o will_v
that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o forbear_v i_o say_v for_o it_o be_v no_o bargain_n or_o agreement_n whereby_o they_o stand_v oblige_v to_o save_v they_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o a_o persuasive_a argument_n draw_v from_o profit_n it_o be_v far_o more_o beneficial_a to_o the_o conqueror_n to_o sell_v his_o prisoner_n then_o to_o kill_v he_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o transfer_v his_o right_n in_o his_o captive_n to_o another_o as_o he_o have_v to_o assign_v over_o unto_o other_o the_o right_n and_o property_n he_o have_v in_o any_o of_o his_o own_o good_n or_o chattel_n this_o power_n be_v also_o extend_v to_o the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v after_o captivity_n because_o if_o the_o conqueror_n have_v use_v his_o power_n to_o the_o utmost_a they_o have_v not_o be_v bear_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v before_o that_o captivity_n in_o case_n he_o be_v not_o take_v prisoner_n remain_v free_a therefore_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o child_n bear_v of_o such_o captive_n follow_v the_o mother_n condition_n because_o their_o chastity_n be_v not_o provide_v for_o by_o any_o law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o strait_a guard_n keep_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o no_o presumption_n how_o great_a soever_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o father_n and_o thus_o be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v lex_fw-la naturae_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la qui_fw-la nascitur_fw-la sine_fw-la legitimo_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la matrem_fw-la sequatur_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v this_o that_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v without_o lawful_a marriage_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n that_o be_v general_n custom_n ground_v on_o some_o natural_a reason_n have_v mould_v this_o into_o a_o law_n 26._o law_n see_v second_o book_n ch_n 13._o §._o 26._o abusive_o sometime_o so_o take_v as_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o show_v they_o that_o be_v bear_v out_o of_o wedlock_n shall_v retain_v the_o name_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o mother_n and_o not_o of_o the_o father_n because_o of_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o other_o but_o that_o this_o unlimited_a power_n over_o captive_n be_v not_o introduce_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n in_o vain_a we_o may_v collect_v from_o the_o usual_a practice_n of_o civil_a war_n wherein_o all_o prisoner_n be_v common_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n because_o they_o can_v be_v sell_v for_o slave_n tertio_fw-la lib._n hist_o secundo_fw-la &_o tertio_fw-la which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o otho_n and_o by_o tacitus_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o captive_n take_v at_o cremona_n say_v irritam_fw-la praedam_fw-la militibus_fw-la fecerat_fw-la consensus_fw-la italiae_fw-la that_o it_o be_v agree_v throughout_o all_o italy_n that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v give_v whereby_o no_o booty_n come_v to_o the_o soldier_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o prisoner_n moreover_o whether_o the_o prisoner_n take_v shall_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n or_o to_o they_o that_o take_v they_o must_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o spoil_n be_v determine_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v in_o this_o case_n equal_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n with_o good_n so_o cajus_n the_o lawyer_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o that_o take_v they_o so_o that_o even_o such_o as_o be_v free_a man_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v into_o bondage_n vi_o whether_o such_o as_o be_v take_v may_v fly_v neither_o can_v i_o concur_v in_o opinion_n with_o those_o divine_n who_o hold_n that_o captive_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n not_o to_o make_v their_o escape_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o their_o own_o garrison_n for_o herein_o i_o believe_v they_o err_v sure_o in_o this_o lie_v the_o difference_n if_o they_o can_v fly_v and_o make_v it_o good_a to_o their_o own_o garrison_n whilst_o the_o war_n last_v 28._o see_v chap._n 9_o of_o this_o book_n §_o .._o 5_o 6._o plin._n nat._n hist_o lib._n 7._o c._n 28._o by_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n they_o recover_v their_o liberty_n and_o all_o thing_n consequent_a to_o it_o of_o m._n sergius_n pliny_n report_v that_o be_v twice_o take_v by_o hannibal_n he_o both_o time_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o his_o chain_n but_o in_o case_n they_o make_v their_o escape_n to_o other_o or_o unto_o their_o own_o country_n after_o the_o peace_n make_v be_v redemanded_n they_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v but_o yet_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o captive_n themselves_z be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o return_v for_o there_o be_v many_o law_n which_o bound_v only_o as_o to_o the_o outward_a judgement_n which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o restrain_v the_o conscience_n and_o such_o be_v these_o of_o war_n whereof_o we_o now_o discourse_v neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o dominion_n do_v of_o itself_o induce_v such_o a_o obligation_n because_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o dominion_n possible_a it_o be_v that_o such_o there_o be_v as_o be_v of_o force_n only_o in_o humane_a judgement_n and_o so_o long_o only_o as_o the_o coercive_a power_n last_v which_o be_v frequent_o see_v in_o other_o kind_n of_o right_n such_o in_o some_o sort_n also_o be_v that_o law_n that_o make_v void_a some_o testament_n because_o forsooth_o they_o want_v some_o formality_n which_o the_o civil_a law_n require_v whereas_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o what_o be_v bequeath_v by_o such_o a_o testament_n may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n be_v retain_v so_o long_o at_o least_o as_o nothing_o appear_v to_o contradict_v it_o and_o not_o much_o different_a be_v his_o right_n who_o have_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n unfaithful_o prescribe_v to_o another_o estate_n for_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o law_n even_o this_o man_n title_n shall_v be_v defend_v until_o it_o be_v make_v void_a by_o another_o sentence_n of_o the_o same_o law_n and_o thus_o be_v that_o riddle_n of_o aristotle_n resolve_v be_v it_o not_o just_a say_v he_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o 5._o lib._n 2._o the_o cavillat_n c._n 5._o but_o whatsoever_o the_o judge_n have_v according_a to_o his_o understanding_n decree_v be_v by_o law_n confirm_v though_o in_o itself_o it_o be_v faâ—se_a therefore_o will_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v both_o just_a and_o unjust_a but_o in_o this_o question_n of_o we_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n imaginable_a why_o the_o nation_n shall_v respect_v any_o other_o right_o than_o that_o which_o be_v external_a and_o mere_o humane_a for_o the_o right_n of_o lay_v claim_n to_o a_o captive_n of_o force_v he_o of_o bind_v he_o and_o possess_v what_o he_o have_v or_o can_v do_v be_v of_o itself_o motive_n sufficient_a to_o persuade_v the_o conqueror_n that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o alive_a than_o to_o kill_v they_o but_o in_o case_n this_o can_v move_v the_o conqueror_n sure_o no_o obligation_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o conscience_n can_v do_v it_o which_o notwithstanding_o he_o may_v impose_v by_o require_v either_o his_o verbal_a or_o sacramental_a engagement_n if_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a yet_o if_o the_o captive_n can_v make_v a_o escape_n and_o carry_v with_o he_o some_o good_n 10._o bemb_v lib._n 10._o his_o conscience_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o theft_n so_o as_o he_o carry_v away_o nothing_o but_o what_o be_v before_o his_o own_o in_o such_o law_n as_o arise_v not_o out_o of_o natural_a equity_n but_o be_v purposely_o make_v to_o avoid_v a_o great_a mischief_n we_o must_v not_o rash_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o interpretation_n as_o make_v that_o act_n to_o be_v sinful_a which_o be_v otherwise_o lawful_a nihil_fw-la interest_n quomodo_fw-la captivus_fw-la reversus_fw-la est_fw-la utrum_fw-la dimissus_fw-la ☜_o ☜_o a_o vi_o aut_fw-la fallacia_fw-la potestatem_fw-la hostium_fw-la evaserit_fw-la it_o matter_n not_o much_o say_v florentinus_n which_o way_n a_o captive_n get_v loose_a from_o his_o enemy_n whether_o he_o be_v free_o dismiss_v or_o make_v his_o escape_n either_o by_o force_n or_o fallacy_n because_o the_o right_n of_o hold_v a_o man_n captive_n be_v so_o a_o right_n that_o in_o another_o sense_n it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o injury_n for_o which_o reason_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n call_v it_o a_o right_a as_o to_o some_o certain_a effect_n but_o a_o injury_n as_o to_o the_o intrinsic_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o from_o whence_o this_o also_o appear_v that_o a_o man_n be_v take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o
they_o do_v among_o themselves_o and_o we_o may_v enjoy_v the_o same_o liberty_n and_o dominion_n with_o they_o as_o with_o ourselves_o wherefore_o that_o which_o follow_v in_o gallus_n aelius_n namely_o with_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v under_o our_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v no_o postliminy_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o supplement_n nor_o with_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v contract_v any_o league_n of_o friendship_n xix_o how_o the_o same_o may_v now_o take_v place_n but_o in_o our_o day_n not_o only_o among_o christian_n but_o even_o among_o mahometan_n this_o right_n of_o captivity_n without_o the_o time_n of_o war_n as_o also_o that_o of_o postliminy_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o use_n the_o necessity_n of_o both_o be_v take_v away_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o cognation_n or_o affinity_n wherein_o nature_n have_v link_v we_o which_o be_v now_o re-acknowledged_n to_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n yet_o may_v that_o ancient_a right_n of_o nation_n be_v now_o in_o force_n in_o case_n we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o any_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a as_o to_o conceive_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o invade_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n the_o person_n and_o property_n of_o all_o stranger_n without_o any_o provocation_n or_o denounce_v of_o war._n and_o even_o whilst_o i_o be_o write_v this_o thus_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o paris_n nicholaus_fw-la verdunius_n be_v precedent_n that_o the_o good_n which_o have_v be_v the_o subject_n of_o france_n but_o be_v afterward_o take_v by_o the_o pirate_n of_o argier_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o all_o that_o traffic_n by_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n just_o alienate_v and_o therefore_o be_v recover_v by_o other_o be_v they_o that_o recover_v they_o and_o in_o the_o same_o court_n this_o also_o be_v adjudge_v which_o i_o say_v even_o now_o that_o ship_n be_v not_o to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n reckon_v among_o the_o number_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n chap._n x._o admonition_n concern_v thing_n do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war._n i._o in_o what_o sense_n modesty_n may_v be_v say_v to_o forbid_v what_o law_n permit_v ii_o thiâ—_n apply_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n iii_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n what_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n permit_v be_v internal_o unjust_a iu._n who_o be_v hereby_o oblige_v to_o make_v restitution_n and_o how_o far_o v._o whether_o thing_n take_v in_o such_o a_o war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v by_o he_o that_o take_v they_o vi_o or_o by_o he_o that_o know_o do_v detain_v they_o i._o modesty_n forbid_v what_o the_o law_n permit_v i_o be_o now_o to_o look_v back_o and_o to_o take_v away_o from_o those_o that_o make_v war_n almost_o all_o those_o right_n which_o i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v grant_v they_o though_o indeed_o i_o have_v not_o for_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o explain_v this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o also_o declare_v that_o many_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_a and_o lawful_a because_o they_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o law_n partly_o because_o they_o derive_v their_o authority_n from_o military_a council_n which_o notwithstanding_o either_o swell_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o honesty_n whether_o we_o confine_v it_o to_o right_o strict_o take_v or_o place_v it_o in_o the_o precept_n of_o other_o virtue_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v more_o religious_o and_o among_o good_a man_n more_o commendable_o be_v leave_v undo_v seneca_n bring_v in_o pyrrhus_n plead_v thus_o lex_fw-la nulla_fw-la capto_fw-la parcit_fw-la aut_fw-la poenam_fw-la impedit_fw-la no_o law_n spare_v slave_n nor_o they_o from_o stripe_n defend_v to_o who_o agamemnon_n reply_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la vetat_fw-la lex_fw-la hoc_fw-la vetat_fw-la fieri_fw-la pudor_fw-la what_o law_n forbid_v not_o modesty_n commend_v for_o the_o word_n pudor_fw-la in_o this_o place_n respect_v not_o so_o much_o a_o man_n same_n and_o reputation_n as_o what_o be_v in_o itself_o right_a and_o honest_a or_o at_o lest_o what_o be_v better_o and_o more_o laudable_a than_o that_o which_o the_o law_n permit_v thus_o we_o read_v in_o justinian_n institution_n thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v commit_v to_o a_o man_n trust_n when_o they_o have_v no_o tie_n of_o the_o law_n to_o secure_v they_o but_o the_o honesty_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o person_n entrust_v so_o in_o quintilian_n the_o father_n the_o creditor_n can_v with_o any_o honesty_n or_o conscience_n require_v his_o debt_n of_o the_o surety_n pudore_fw-la salvo_n pudore_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v when_o he_o can_v get_v it_o from_o the_o principal_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o find_v that_o pudor_fw-la and_o justitia_fw-la equity_n and_o justice_n be_v very_o often_o conjoin_v nondum_fw-la justitiam_fw-la facinus_fw-la mortale_fw-la fugârat_fw-la vltima_fw-la de_fw-la superis_fw-la illa_fw-la reliquit_fw-la humum_fw-la próque_fw-la metu_fw-la populum_fw-la sine_fw-la vi_fw-la pudor_fw-la ipse_fw-la regebat_fw-la justice_z as_o yet_o do_v among_o mortal_n dwell_v she_o be_v the_o last_o that_o bid_v the_o earth_n farewell_o it_o be_v shame_n not_o force_n that_o then_o the_o people_n awe_v plato_n call_v justice_n the_o companion_n of_o modesty_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o god_n fear_v the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n have_v send_v equity_n and_o justice_n among_o man_n as_o ornament_n to_o city_n and_o as_o bond_n to_o contract_v love_n and_o friendship_n between_o they_o plutarch_n also_o in_o the_o life_n of_o theseus_n term_n justice_n a_o inmate_n or_o cohabitant_fw-la with_o righteousness_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o join_v they_o together_o as_o companion_n but_o cicero_n assign_v they_o their_o distinct_a bound_n 27._o de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 27._o say_v it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o justice_n not_o to_o hurt_v our_o neighbour_n but_o of_o modesty_n not_o to_o offend_v he_o justitiae_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la violare_fw-la homines_fw-la verecundiae_fw-la non_fw-la offendere_fw-la with_o that_o verse_n above_o quote_v of_o seneca_n agree_v that_o of_o the_o same_o seneca_n in_o his_o philosophy_n quam_fw-la augusta_fw-la est_fw-la innocentia_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la bonum_fw-la esse_fw-la how_o scant_o be_v that_o innocency_n that_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o law_n only_o justice_n and_o faithfulness_n require_v such_o thing_n of_o we_o as_o no_o law_n can_v oblige_v we_o unto_o where_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o he_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o jus_n and_o justitia_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o the_o law_n enjoin_v but_o unto_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o right_a reason_n and_o conscience_n dictate_v of_o how_o much_o large_a extent_n be_v the_o bound_n of_o our_o duty_n one_o to_o another_o than_o what_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o hedge_n of_o the_o law_n how_o many_o thing_n do_v piety_n humanity_n liberality_n justice_n and_o fidelity_n require_v of_o we_o which_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o command_v of_o the_o public_a law_n which_o the_o same_o seneca_n do_v in_o another_o place_n excellent_o illustrate_v by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o lord_n over_o his_o slave_n 18._o orat._n 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n c._n 18._o as_o to_o our_o bondservant_n say_v he_o we_o shall_v consider_v not_o what_o we_o may_v impose_v upon_o they_o with_o impunity_n to_o ourselves_o but_o what_o we_o ought_v in_o right_a reason_n and_o equity_n to_o do_v unto_o they_o which_o command_v we_o to_o show_v mercy_n even_o to_o our_o slave_n and_o to_o those_o who_o we_o have_v buy_v with_o our_o money_n and_o again_o come_v in_o servum_fw-la omne_fw-la liceant_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o hominem_fw-la licere_fw-la common_a jus_fw-la animantium_fw-la vetat_fw-la whereas_o all_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v that_o be_v do_v to_o a_o slave_n there_o be_v notwithstanding_o some_o thing_n that_o the_o common_a right_n of_o live_a creature_n forbid_v we_o to_o do_v unto_o he_o as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n where_o also_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o twofold_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n licet_fw-la the_o one_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n the_o other_o to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n say_v seneca_n 21._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 5._o c._n 21._o that_o be_v not_o enjoin_v we_o by_o any_o law_n neither_o will_v the_o omission_n of_o they_o bear_v a_o action_n notwithstanding_o we_o be_v lead_v into_o by_o the_o mere_a custom_n of_o our_o life_n which_o be_v far_o more_o forcible_a than_o any_o humane_a law_n quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o grant_v by_o the_o law_n 3._o instit_fw-la l._n 3._o yet_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v not_o very_o commendable_a as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o creditor_n to_o
divide_v the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n if_o insolvent_a between_o themselves_o which_o law_n common_a custom_n do_v abhor_v so_o likewise_o cicero_n in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o office_n aliter_fw-la leges_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 3._o aliter_fw-la philosophi_fw-la tollunt_fw-la astutias_fw-la leges_fw-la quatenus_fw-la manu_fw-la tenere_fw-la possunt_fw-la philosophi_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o intelligentia_fw-la the_o law_n take_v away_o fraud_n one_o way_n philosophy_n another_o the_o former_a by_o pinnacle_v the_o hand_n the_o latter_a by_o clear_v the_o understanding_n and_o inform_v the_o judgement_n ii_o this_o apply_v to_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o marcellus_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n that_o which_o come_v here_o to_o be_v discuss_v say_v he_o be_v not_o what_o i_o have_v do_v against_o the_o syracâ—sians_n for_o what_o ever_o i_o have_v do_v against_o they_o as_o enemy_n the_o law_n of_o arm_n will_v justify_v i_o in_o but_o what_o those_o man_n be_v overcome_v ought_v in_o reason_n and_o equity_n to_o suffer_v aristotle_n discuss_v this_o question_n whether_o captivity_n arise_v from_o war_n be_v just_a seem_v to_o own_o this_o distinction_n 2._o pol_n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o §_o 2._o some_o say_v he_o look_v only_o at_o that_o which_o the_o law_n permit_v for_o the_o law_n itself_o also_o be_v something_o that_o be_v just_a do_v hold_v that_o captivity_n in_o war_n be_v just_a but_o yet_o they_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_o because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o war_n may_v be_v unjust_a other_o there_o be_v say_v seneca_n that_o create_v unto_o themselves_o a_o right_n by_o arm_n in_o another_o territory_n where_o these_o two_o word_n he_o right_v and_o in_o another_o territory_n do_o seem_v no_o less_o to_o clash_v than_o the_o arm_n whereby_o that_o right_o be_v get_v but_o that_o be_v there_o call_v right_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n permit_v only_o consonant_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o the_o theban_n make_v to_o the_o roman_a senate_n as_o for_o those_o say_v he_o that_o be_v slay_v during_o the_o conflict_n we_o complain_v not_o for_o this_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n just_a nay_o the_o very_a roman_a lawyer_n themselves_o do_v often_o call_v that_o the_o right_n of_o captivity_n which_o in_o another_o place_n they_o term_v a_o injury_n and_o place_n it_o in_o opposition_n to_o natural_a equity_n and_o seneca_n respect_v that_o which_o often_o fall_v out_o namely_o when_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a account_v the_o very_a name_n of_o slave_n as_o a_o badge_n of_o injustice_n the_o italian_n in_o livy_n 32._o ep._n 32._o detain_v from_o the_o syracusian_n that_o which_o they_o have_v gain_v by_o war_n be_v say_v to_o be_v obstinate_a in_o the_o detention_n of_o that_o which_o they_o have_v gain_v unjust_o and_o dion_n prusaeensis_n have_v declare_v such_o captive_n free_v as_o can_v make_v their_o escape_n home_o add_v this_o as_o be_v unjust_o bring_v under_o bondage_n so_o lactantius_n observe_v that_o the_o philosopher_n in_o all_o their_o discourse_n concern_v military_a affair_n always_o fit_v their_o oration_n rather_o to_o the_o public_a custom_n of_o the_o age_n they_o live_v in_o than_o to_o justice_n and_o true_a valour_n and_o st_n augustine_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o marcellinus_n tell_v he_o observe_v ep._n 4._o de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la observe_v that_o if_o in_o this_o world_n the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n be_v due_o keep_v no_o war_n can_v be_v make_v without_o some_o mercy_n and_o in_o another_o place_n among_o the_o true_a worshipper_n of_o god_n even_o their_o very_a war_n be_v peaceable_a iii_o what_o be_v do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n a_o unjust_a as_o to_o internal_a justice_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a although_o it_o be_v solemn_o undertake_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n yet_o be_v all_o those_o act_n that_o be_v do_v in_o it_o unjust_a if_o we_o understand_v injustice_n not_o as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n but_o according_a to_o its_o natural_a acception_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n equity_n and_o conscience_n so_o they_o that_o shall_v know_o either_o commit_v such_o act_n or_o assist_v in_o the_o do_n of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o 6.10_o 1_o cor._n 6.10_o who_o without_o repentance_n can_v enter_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n for_o repentance_n if_o true_a necessary_o require_v from_o such_o as_o have_v time_n and_o estate_n sufficient_a that_o he_o that_o have_v do_v wrong_a either_o by_o kill_a man_n spoil_v good_n drive_v away_o cattle_n or_o the_o like_a shall_v make_v satisfaction_n 58.6_o es_fw-ge 58.6_o and_o therefore_o do_v god_n himself_o renounce_v the_o solemn_a feast_n of_o the_o hypocritical_a jew_n 5.6_o numb_a 5.6_o because_o they_o do_v not_o suffer_v their_o captive_n unjust_o take_v to_o go_v free_a and_o the_o king_n of_o niniveh_n proclaim_v a_o fast_a throughout_o the_o city_n 2.10_o jonah_n 2.10_o and_o command_v all_o his_o subject_n to_o turn_v every_o one_o from_o his_o evil_a way_n and_o to_o empty_v their_o hand_n from_o all_o thing_n get_v by_o rapine_n and_o violence_n as_o be_v by_o the_o very_a dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n teach_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o without_o restitution_n all_o their_o humiliation_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o fictitious_a non_fw-la differtur_fw-la ultionis_fw-la sententia_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la redduntur_fw-la universa_fw-la hier._n hier._n vengeance_n will_v not_o be_v long_o delay_v unless_o restitution_n be_v make_v to_o the_o full_a say_v hierome_n with_o who_o agree_v st_n augustine_n if_o that_o wherein_o we_o have_v sin_v be_v not_o restore_v be_v in_o our_o power_n we_o do_v not_o repent_v but_o dissemble_v neither_o be_v this_o the_o judgement_n of_o jew_n and_o christian_n only_o 17._o turcicor_n 5_o c._n 17._o but_o of_o the_o mahometan_n also_o as_o leunclavius_n inform_v we_o iu._n who_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o they_o be_v obige_v to_o restitution_n now_o they_o that_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v restitution_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v in_o general_a be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n whether_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n or_o as_o counsel_v and_o persuade_v thereunto_o and_o these_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n as_o well_o for_o all_o damage_n that_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o war_n as_o also_o for_o all_o those_o unusual_o do_v if_o they_o be_v do_v by_o their_o either_o order_n or_o persuasion_n or_o by_o their_o permission_n in_o case_n it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o have_v hinder_v it_o thus_o also_o be_v captain_n bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v either_o spoil_v or_o take_v away_o by_o any_o under_o their_o command_n yea_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o general_n that_o shall_v run_v headlong_o to_o any_o one_o common_a outrage_n as_o to_o fire_v a_o town_n or_o the_o like_a and_o for_o particular_a act_n every_o particular_a soldier_n shall_v satisfy_v for_o that_o loss_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o author_n either_o solitary_a or_o concurrent_a with_o other_o v._o whether_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v by_o he_o that_o take_v they_o neither_o may_v we_o herein_o admit_v of_o that_o exception_n which_o by_o some_o be_v bring_v of_o such_o as_o be_v only_a auxiliary_n if_o they_o be_v any_o way_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n to_o oblige_v any_o man_n to_o restitution_n without_o guilt_n the_o bare_a crime_n suffice_v some_o also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o though_o the_o war_n be_v never_o so_o unjust_a yet_o the_o thing_n take_v in_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v because_o both_o party_n when_o the_o war_n begin_v be_v presume_v to_o agree_v to_o this_o that_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v they_o that_o can_v take_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o can_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o any_o man_n will_v rash_o give_v away_o his_o right_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n be_v much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o contract_n but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o nation_n be_v once_o at_o peace_n shall_v rest_v so_o and_o not_o involve_v themselves_o in_o endless_a war_n against_o their_o will_n it_o be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o introduce_v this_o external_a right_n of_o dominion_n 11._o see_v book_n 2._o chap._n 11._o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v which_o notwithstanding_o may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o that_o internal_a obligation_n to_o restitution_n nay_o these_o very_a author_n seem_v to_o assert_v as_o much_o in_o their_o discourse_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o take_v prisoner_n
ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n be_v sometime_o excusable_a and_o sometime_o inexcusable_a all_o which_o do_v very_o well_o agree_v with_o what_o our_o civilian_n tell_v we_o not_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v another_o place_n of_o the_o same_o aristotle_n oratoria_fw-la de_fw-fr arte_fw-la oratoria_fw-la it_o be_v equity_n say_v he_o that_o distinguish_v as_o well_o between_o manifest_a injury_n and_o trespass_n as_o also_o between_o these_o trespass_n and_o mischance_n whatever_o hurt_n be_v do_v without_o a_o ill_a intention_n and_o that_o can_v not_o be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v be_v mere_o a_o mischance_n that_o which_o may_v have_v be_v foresee_v yet_o be_v do_v without_o any_o prepense_a malice_n be_v a_o fault_n or_o oversight_n but_o what_o be_v do_v purposely_o and_o with_o a_o wicked_a intent_n be_v a_o manifest_a mischief_n or_o a_o open_a injury_n which_o deserve_v no_o pardon_n the_o ancient_n digest_v all_o wrong_n do_v into_o these_o three_o form_n as_o proceed_v from_o either_o ignorance_n improvidence_n or_o wilfulness_n and_o homer_n in_o the_o last_o of_o his_o iliad_n speak_v of_o achilles_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o he_o be_v neither_o ignorant_a inconsiderate_a nor_o mischievous_a the_o like_a distinction_n also_o we_o find_v in_o marcian_n delinquitur_fw-la aut_fw-la proposito_fw-la aut_fw-la casu_fw-la aut_fw-la impetu_fw-la we_o common_o offend_v either_o purposely_o or_o casual_o or_o rash_o purposely_o as_o thief_n who_o trade_n it_o be_v to_o rob_v and_o kill_v man_n for_o what_o they_o have_v casual_o as_o when_o a_o man_n in_o hunt_a shoot_n at_o a_o deer_n and_o kill_v a_o man_n rash_o when_o man_n be_v drink_v with_o wine_n or_o anger_n do_v usual_o fall_v out_o from_o word_n to_o blow_n 1._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 1._o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o these_o cicero_n thus_o distinguish_v in_o all_o act_n of_o injustice_n say_v he_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a whether_o they_o be_v do_v by_o a_o too_o hasty_a eruption_n of_o passion_n which_o usual_o last_v not_o long_o and_o then_o end_v in_o repentance_n or_o by_o judgement_n and_o premeditation_n for_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o former_a be_v like_o mushroom_n hasty_a in_o their_o birth_n and_o sudden_a in_o their_o fall_n and_o be_v therefore_o much_o more_o pardonable_a than_o those_o that_o grow_v up_o leisurely_o by_o premeditation_n a_o wise_a man_n will_v easy_o remit_v injury_n 16._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 16._o say_v seneca_n if_o he_o understand_v that_o they_o proceed_v not_o from_o a_o deep_a root_a hatred_n but_o from_o some_o sudden_a puff_n of_o passion_n and_o a_o little_a after_o sometime_o he_o soon_o remit_v great_a injury_n than_o he_o do_v lesser_a that_o be_v if_o the_o former_a be_v commit_v through_o rashness_n and_o not_o cruelty_n and_o the_o latter_a proceed_v from_o a_o long_a linger_a and_o inveterate_a malice_n neither_o will_v he_o punish_v the_o same_o sin_n in_o two_o several_a person_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o what_o the_o one_o do_v unadvised_o the_o other_o do_v wilful_o thus_o also_o philo_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o some_o certain_a law_n dimidiatum_fw-la est_fw-la facinus_fw-la ubi_fw-la non_fw-la antecessit_fw-la long_fw-mi animi_fw-la deliberatio_fw-la that_o injury_n abate_v one_o half_a of_o its_o punishment_n that_o be_v unpremeditated_a of_o which_o kind_n be_v those_o that_o we_o be_v provoke_v unto_o by_o pure_a necessity_n which_o if_o it_o do_v not_o altogether_o justify_v yet_o it_o extenuate_v the_o fault_n prov._n see_v book_n 2._o chap._n 20._o sect._n 29._o and_o sect._n 3._o in_o this_o chapter_n lib._n 5._o de_fw-fr prov._n thus_o the_o samian_o in_o thucydides_n tell_v alcidas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a when_o he_o will_v have_v put_v the_o captive_n take_v at_o chios_n to_o death_n that_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o he_o come_v to_o set_v greece_n at_o liberty_n as_o he_o pretend_v who_o kill_v man_n no_o way_n obnoxious_a unto_o he_o but_o only_o as_o they_o be_v associate_v with_o the_o athenian_n whereunto_o also_o they_o be_v compel_v by_o necessity_n so_o also_o st_n chrysostome_n stranger_n can_v forgive_v stranger_n and_o one_o enemy_n another_o if_o the_o wrong_v do_v by_o they_o though_o never_o so_o great_a be_v involuntary_a and_o do_v by_o mere_a compulsive_a for_o as_o demosthenes_n plead_v against_o aristocrates_n so_o strong_a and_o impulsion_n a_o orator_n be_v necessity_n that_o it_o rob_v we_o of_o our_o freedom_n in_o judge_v what_o be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v in_o any_o thing_n that_o lie_v before_o we_o wherefore_o such_o case_n be_v not_o to_o be_v too_o nice_o sift_v in_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n concern_v which_o point_n the_o same_o demosthenes_n do_v much_o enlarge_v himself_o in_o his_o oration_n concern_v false_a witness_v against_o stephanus_n to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o thucydides_n also_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a say_v he_o 4._o lib._n 4._o that_o god_n himself_o be_v ready_a to_o forgive_v whatsoever_o be_v involuntary_o commit_v either_o in_o war_n or_o in_o such_o other_o like_o case_n of_o necessity_n for_o the_o altar_n of_o the_o god_n have_v ever_o be_v as_o so_o many_o sanctuary_n for_o such_o to_o fly_v unto_o as_o have_v offend_v against_o their_o will_n for_o they_o only_o be_v to_o be_v persecute_v as_o malefactor_n who_o be_v willing_o and_o profess_o so_o but_o not_o they_o who_o extreme_a necessity_n have_v enforce_v to_o transgress_v 22.26_o deut._n 22.26_o thus_o it_o be_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o that_o place_n wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o have_v ravish_v a_o damosel_n in_o the_o field_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n but_o in_o the_o damosel_n there_o be_v find_v nothing_o worthy_a death_n because_o there_o be_v a_o force_n upon_o she_o 7._o lib._n 7._o the_o caerite_n in_o livy_n humble_o beseech_v the_o roman_n that_o they_o will_v not_o call_v that_o a_o act_n of_o counsel_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o pure_a necessity_n and_o justine_n speak_v of_o that_o execrable_a act_n of_o sacrilege_n commit_v by_o the_o phocian_o say_v that_o the_o scandal_n thereof_o do_v more_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o theban_n by_o who_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extreme_a necessity_n than_o to_o the_o phocian_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o isocrates_n that_o he_o that_o be_v enforce_v to_o steal_v or_o else_o to_o starve_v have_v a_o excellent_a advocate_n to_o plead_v his_o paodon_n meaning_n necessity_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v aristides_n in_o the_o like_a case_n difficilia_fw-la tempora_fw-la excusationem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la daunt_v desciscentibus_fw-la â—_o leuct_v â—_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o time_n be_v some_o excuse_n for_o those_o that_o fly_v away_o as_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o close_a siege_n a_o famine_n or_o plague_n be_v the_o best_a plea_n for_o fugitive_n philostratus_n excuse_v the_o messenian_n for_o not_o entertain_v those_o that_o be_v banish_v athens_n upon_o this_o ground_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v it_o for_o fear_n of_o alexander_n who_o they_o and_o all_o greece_n at_o that_o time_n stand_v in_o awe_n of_o the_o like_a do_v he_o in_o aristotle_n who_o be_v compel_v through_o necessity_n to_o do_v some_o unjust_a act_n confess_v himself_o that_o he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d half_a wicked_a but_o neither_o altogether_o unjust_a nor_o at_o all_o malicious_a thus_o cleon_n in_o thucydides_n aggravate_v the_o crime_n of_o the_o mitylenean_n the_o injury_n they_o have_v do_v we_o be_v not_o casual_a nor_o compulsory_a but_o voluntary_a nay_o malicious_a but_o those_o injury_n only_o be_v pardonable_a that_o be_v do_v unwilling_o philo_z therefore_o instruct_v his_o prince_n thus_o that_o whensoever_o he_o be_v provoke_v to_o revenge_n or_o to_o punish_v he_o shall_v learn_v how_o to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o and_o profess_o wicked_a and_o those_o who_o be_v only_o evertaken_v with_o a_o sin_n or_o overbear_v by_o some_o violent_a temptation_n for_o to_o kill_v all_o that_o have_v in_o the_o least_o degree_n offend_v be_v brutish_a and_o savage_a themistius_n in_o his_o panegyric_n upon_o the_o emperor_n valens_n thus_o appli_v these_o distinction_n to_o our_o purpose_n thou_o say_v he_o have_v wise_o distinguish_v o_o emperor_n between_o act_n of_o prepense_a malice_n act_n of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o act_n of_o inevitable_a misfortune_n and_o although_o thou_o have_v not_o at_o all_o converse_v with_o plato_n nor_o read_v aristotle_n yet_o have_v thy_o practice_n be_v much_o according_a to_o their_o precept_n whereby_o thou_o have_v justify_v their_o say_n thou_o have_v not_o inflict_v the_o same_o punishment_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o offender_n upon_o those_o who_o be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o the_o war_n and_o upon_o those_o who_o in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v
soldier_n to_o satiate_v their_o anger_n with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o conquer_a vii_o even_o enemy_n deserve_v death_n may_v be_v sometime_o pardon_v yea_o though_o in_o strictness_n of_o justice_n they_o have_v deserve_v death_n yet_o ofttimes_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o goodness_n modesty_n and_o magnanimity_n of_o a_o conqueror_n to_o forgive_v than_o to_o revenge_n of_o this_o mind_n be_v king_n theuderick_n in_o cassiodore_n those_o war_n have_v always_o succeed_v well_o to_o i_o say_v he_o which_o have_v end_v moderate_o for_o he_o can_v never_o want_v the_o victory_n that_o know_v how_o to_o use_v it_o with_o temperance_n and_o clemency_n sallust_n ascribe_v the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n 41._o â—ib_fw-la 2._o c._n 41._o to_o nothing_o more_o than_o to_o their_o promptness_n to_o forgive_v and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o tacitus_n quanta_fw-la pervicacia_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la 12._o annal._n l._n 12._o tanta_fw-la benificentia_fw-la adversus_fw-la supplices_fw-la to_o show_v as_o much_o love_n and_o kindness_n to_o poor_a suppliant_n as_o courage_n and_o resolution_n towards_o enemy_n yea_o and_o seneca_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o most_o generous_a of_o beast_n do_v disdain_v to_o tear_v and_o prey_n upon_o thing_n vile_a and_o abject_a elephant_n and_o lion_n scorn_v thing_n that_o be_v prostrate_a and_o pass_v by_o what_o they_o have_v overcome_v 4._o lib._n 4._o the_o author_n to_o herennius_n have_v a_o excellent_a say_n to_o this_o purpose_n our_o ancestor_n say_v he_o do_v very_o wise_o observe_v this_o custom_n never_o to_o put_v any_o king_n to_o death_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o war_n but_o why_o because_o say_v he_o it_o will_v seem_v unreasonable_a to_o use_v that_o power_n which_o fortune_n have_v now_o give_v we_o to_o destroy_v they_o who_o the_o same_o fortune_n not_o long_o before_o have_v so_o eminent_o favour_v and_o why_o shall_v i_o now_o punish_v they_o because_o they_o have_v lead_v their_o army_n against_o i_o this_o have_v now_o get_v the_o victory_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o forget_v quia_fw-la viri_fw-la fortis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr victoria_fw-la contendant_fw-la eos_fw-la fortes_fw-la putare_fw-la qui_fw-la victi_fw-la sunt_fw-la eos_fw-la homines_fw-la judicare_fw-la ut_fw-la possit_fw-la bellum_fw-la fortitudo_fw-la minuere_fw-la pacem_fw-la humanitatis_fw-la augere_fw-la because_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o valiant_a commander_n to_o esteem_v man_n as_o enemy_n whilst_o they_o be_v able_a to_o contend_v for_o victory_n but_o be_v overcome_v then_o to_o pity_v they_o as_o man_n that_o so_o valour_n may_v end_v the_o war_n and_o humanity_n confirm_v the_o peace_n but_o you_o will_v haply_o say_v what_o if_o he_o have_v overcome_v you_o will_v he_o have_v do_v so_o wherefore_o then_o shall_v you_o spare_v he_o i_o answer_v quia_fw-la talem_fw-la stultitiam_fw-la contemnere_fw-la non_fw-la imitari_fw-la consuevi_fw-la because_o it_o be_v my_o custom_n to_o contemn_v and_o not_o to_o imitate_v such_o folly_n now_o if_o this_o author_n do_v mean_v this_o of_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o he_o intermix_v many_o strange_a and_o indeed_o romantic_a story_n with_o some_o true_a one_o it_o manifest_o contradict_v that_o which_o we_o read_v in_o the_o panegyric_n of_o constantine_n the_o son_n of_o constantius_n he_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o prudent_a man_n who_o have_v conquer_v rebel_n can_v bind_v they_o to_o himself_o by_o a_o free_a pardon_n but_o he_o of_o a_o valiant_a man_n who_o have_v vex_v they_o can_v trample_v upon_o they_o thou_o have_v revive_v o_o emperor_n that_o ancient_a confidence_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o triumph_v in_o the_o death_n of_o those_o great_a commander_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o war_n for_o in_o those_o day_n their_o captive_a king_n after_o they_o have_v grace_v their_o triumph_n by_o attend_v the_o conqueror_n chariot_n from_o the_o port_n to_o the_o most_o public_a place_n of_o the_o city_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o turn_v his_o chariot_n towards_o the_o capitol_n be_v hurry_v away_o to_o execution_n only_o perseus_n upon_o the_o intercession_n of_o paulus_n aemilius_n to_o who_o he_o have_v yield_v himself_o escape_v the_o severity_n of_o this_o custom_n but_o the_o rest_n have_v their_o eye_n put_v out_o remain_v for_o ever_o after_o in_o chain_n teach_v thereby_o other_o king_n rather_o to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n and_o friendship_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n than_o to_o exasperate_v their_o justice_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v write_v somewhat_o too_o loose_o josephus_n in_o his_o history_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o simon_n bar-jorae_a testify_v the_o same_o severity_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o he_o speak_v it_o of_o such_o captain_n and_o commander_n only_o as_o be_v pontius_n samnis_n but_o not_o of_o such_o as_o carry_v the_o title_n of_o king_n who_o word_n sound_v thus_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o triumph_n be_v after_o that_o the_o triumphant_a chariot_n be_v come_v to_o the_o capitol_n for_o there_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n the_o conqueror_n be_v to_o stay_v till_o tiding_n be_v bring_v of_o the_o death_n of_o that_o great_a commander_n who_o he_o lead_v in_o triumph_n who_o have_v a_o halter_n cast_v about_o he_o be_v present_o draw_v into_o the_o marketplace_n his_o keeper_n whip_v he_o forward_o for_o in_o that_o place_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n such_o as_o be_v condemn_v for_o capital_a crime_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o there_o execute_v so_o soon_o then_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v unto_o the_o emperor_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v dead_a they_o immediate_o proceed_v to_o perform_v all_o other_o the_o rite_n that_o be_v in_o those_o case_n provide_v very_o joyful_o ver._n orat._n in_o ver._n the_o very_a same_o ceremony_n do_v cicero_n also_o recite_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v punishment_n concern_v great_a commander_n thus_o execute_v history_n afford_v we_o example_n enough_o and_o some_o few_o of_o king_n also_o as_o of_o aristonicus_n jugurth_n artabasdus_n i_o shall_v be_v loath_a to_o revive_v this_o obsolete_a custom_n dion_n jos_n ant._n l._n 5._o c._n 1._o dion_n yet_o we_o read_v that_o joshua_n put_v to_o death_n those_o king_n that_o he_o take_v captive_n and_o dion_n relate_v of_o sossius_n that_o he_o whip_v antigonus_n with_o rod_n after_o be_v have_v fasten_v he_o to_o his_o cross_n but_o withal_o the_o same_o historian_n wise_o add_v which_o no_o king_n ever_o suffer_v by_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a conqueror_n the_o same_o history_n we_o may_v also_o read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o ant._n l._n 15._o eutropius_n likewise_o record_v it_o of_o maximianus_n herculius_n that_o have_v slay_v the_o franc_n and_o almain_n and_o take_v their_o king_n captive_n he_o expose_v they_o to_o be_v devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n so_o do_v ammianus_n concern_v a_o king_n of_o the_o almain_n who_o be_v take_v captive_a be_v crucify_v yet_o even_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v divers_a king_n beside_o perseus_n that_o escape_v the_o severity_n of_o that_o custom_n as_o syphax_n gentius_n juba_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o caesar_n caractius_n and_o other_o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o roman_n though_o as_o cicero_n and_o other_o blame_v they_o for_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o this_o case_n have_v always_o some_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n and_o also_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o prosecution_n when_o they_o thus_o punish_v they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a advice_n that_o m._n aemilius_n paulus_n give_v to_o the_o roman_a senate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o perseus_n si_fw-mi nihil_fw-la humani_fw-la metuerent_fw-la at_o divinam_fw-la vindictam_fw-la timerent_fw-la iis_fw-la imminentem_fw-la qui_fw-la victoriâ_fw-la insolentius_fw-la utuntur_fw-la though_o they_o stand_v not_o in_o awe_n of_o any_o humane_a power_n yet_o they_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o fear_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o avenge_v themselves_o on_o those_o who_o abuse_v their_o favour_n with_o too_o much_o pride_n and_o insolency_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o agis_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o grecian_a war_n such_o reverence_n be_v bear_v unto_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o a_o king_n that_o their_o very_a enemy_n dare_v not_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n a_o enemy_n therefore_o that_o consider_v not_o what_o humane_a law_n permit_v to_o be_v do_v but_o what_o in_o equity_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v or_o what_o religion_n and_o piety_n require_v to_o be_v do_v forbear_v the_o shed_n of_o the_o blood_n even_o of_o his_o enemy_n neither_o will_v he_o sentence_v any_o man_n to_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v life_n or_o livelihood_n to_o himself_o or_o for_o such_o personal_a crime_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n deserve_v death_n yea_o and_o though_o some_o
from_o war_n where_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o under_o this_o general_a name_n of_o merchant_n be_v comprehend_v all_o kind_n of_o tradesman_n and_o artificer_n who_o for_o their_o gain_n do_v usual_o prefer_v peace_n before_o war._n xiii_o and_o captive_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o such_o as_o have_v bear_v arm_n that_o of_o pyrrhus_n in_o seneca_n we_o have_v already_o quote_v namely_o that_o though_o the_o law_n permit_v we_o to_o do_v what_o we_o please_v to_o captive_n yet_o equity_n and_o conscience_n forbid_v we_o to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n of_o the_o like_a opinion_n be_v alexander_n who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v place_n captive_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o woman_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st_n augustine_n to_o boniface_n 1._o epist_n 1._o hostem_fw-la pugnantem_fw-la necessitas_fw-la perimat_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la it_o be_v not_o cruelty_n but_o necessity_n that_o make_v we_o destroy_v a_o fight_a enemy_n as_o force_v and_o violence_n be_v proper_o use_v against_o those_o that_o be_v arm_v against_o we_o so_o to_o those_o who_o the_o chance_n of_o war_n have_v leave_v naked_a and_o unarmed_a mercy_n and_o compassion_n be_v peculiar_o due_a especial_o to_o those_o who_o can_v no_o way_n endanger_v the_o public_a peace_n xenophon_n write_v of_o agesilaus_n that_o he_o give_v command_v to_o his_o soldier_n not_o to_o destroy_v their_o prisoner_n as_o malefactor_n but_o rather_o to_o preserve_v they_o for_o humanity_n sake_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v of_o the_o greek_n that_o they_o always_o fight_v valiant_o where_o they_o find_v resistance_n but_o to_o those_o that_o be_v subject_v they_o be_v very_o merciful_a sallust_n in_o his_o jugurthine_n history_n speak_v of_o some_o young_a man_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o be_v put_v to_o death_n say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o equity_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o civilise_a nation_n 5._o lib._n 5._o lactantius_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o say_v parcitur_fw-la victis_fw-la &_o est_fw-la locus_fw-la inter_fw-la arma_fw-la clementiae_fw-la we_o spare_v those_o who_o we_o have_v conquer_v and_o there_o be_v clemency_n to_o be_v use_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o even_o in_o arm_n tacitus_n commend_v primus_fw-la antonius_n and_o varus_n two_o flavian_n commander_n for_o that_o they_o never_o commit_v any_o act_n of_o cruelty_n beyond_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v secunda_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_fw-la secunda_fw-la so_o likewise_o aristides_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o age_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o subdue_v those_o that_o resist_v we_o but_o to_o deal_v merciful_o with_o those_o that_o submit_v unto_o we_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o war_n the_o prophet_n elisha_n put_v this_o question_n to_o the_o king_n of_o samaeria_n 6.22_o 2_o king_n 6.22_o will_v thou_o kill_v those_o who_o thou_o have_v take_v captive_a with_o thy_o sword_n and_o with_o thy_o bow_n when_o one_o in_o euripides_n demand_v whether_o the_o grecian_a law_n do_v forbid_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n he_o as_o ready_o answer_v quem_fw-la mars_n reliquit_fw-la praelio_fw-la superstitem_fw-la that_o they_o do_v if_o that_o enemy_n survive_v the_o fight_n and_o therefore_o euristeus_n be_v take_v prisoner_n comfort_v himself_o in_o this_o he_o that_o kill_v i_o guiltless_a shall_v never_o be_v plutarch_n compare_v marcellus_n with_o pelopidas_n seem_v to_o condemn_v marcellus_n for_o his_o cruelty_n in_o shed_v blood_n unnecessary_o after_o the_o victory_n whereas_o neither_o pelopidas_n nor_o epaminondas_n do_v ever_o put_v any_o to_o the_o sword_n who_o they_o have_v overcome_v neither_o do_v they_o take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o city_n that_o they_o take_v neither_o will_v the_o theban_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v have_v exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o orchomenian_n have_v either_o of_o these_o commander_n be_v present_a beside_o when_o scipio_n will_v have_v put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o utica_n to_o the_o sword_n vticensi_fw-la plut._n in_o caâ—_n vticensi_fw-la without_o regard_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n because_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o caesar_n cato_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o but_o protest_v against_o it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o inhumanity_n and_o call_v the_o god_n to_o witness_v in_o open_a council_n with_o great_a difficulty_n he_o save_v they_o from_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n procopius_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o persian_a war_n which_o he_o also_o repeat_v in_o his_o second_o say_v that_o to_o use_v cruelty_n to_o the_o conquer_a be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o piety_n so_o that_o when_o cabadas_n king_n of_o persia_n after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o city_n aâ—mada_n by_o storm_n have_v make_v great_a slaughter_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o certain_a old_a priest_n tell_v he_o that_o to_o kill_v so_o many_o captive_n be_v not_o king_n y._n ib._n goth._n l._n 1._o c._n ib._n and_o the_o same_o procopius_n elsewhere_o record_v a_o excellent_a speech_n of_o belisarius_n to_o his_o soldier_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o naples_n dissuade_v they_o from_o the_o unnecessary_a effu_fw-fr on_o of_o blood_n do_v not_o say_v he_o extend_v your_o hatred_n of_o your_o enemy_n beyond_o measure_n no_o conqueror_n continue_v to_o hate_v the_o conquer_a if_o you_o kill_v they_o now_o you_o do_v not_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o your_o foe_n but_o of_o your_o subject_n do_v not_o therefore_o prosecute_v your_o revenge_n too_o far_o but_o consider_v that_o have_v subdue_v they_o to_o become_v now_o slave_n to_o your_o own_o passion_n be_v ignoble_a comnâ—nat_n ann._n comnâ—nat_n when_o alexius_n the_o emperor_n be_v persuade_v by_o one_o of_o his_o council_n to_o kill_v his_o scythian_a captive_n he_o make_v this_o noble_a answer_n though_o they_o be_v scythian_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n though_o they_o be_v enemy_n yet_o do_v they_o deserve_v pity_n it_o be_v the_o chance_n of_o war_n only_o that_o put_v the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o it_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a observation_n that_o we_o read_v in_o gregoras_n 4._o lib._n 4._o whatsoever_o be_v do_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o fight_n be_v pardonable_a because_o the_o faculty_n of_o discourse_n and_o ratiocination_n be_v as_o it_o be_v block_v up_o so_o that_o the_o hand_n be_v as_o it_o be_v drink_v with_o anger_n and_o revenge_n and_o want_v the_o guidance_n and_o manuduction_n of_o reason_n do_v even_o they_o know_v not_o what_o but_o when_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o courage_n our_o danger_n be_v over_o end_n see_v chap._n 7._o towards_o the_o end_n and_o our_o reason_n enjoy_v her_o liberty_n to_o examine_v and_o judge_v of_o what_o we_o be_v about_o and_o to_o issue_v out_o her_o mandate_n to_o the_o hand_n for_o execution_n then_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v unjust_o or_o unseemly_o it_o plain_o show_v the_o perverseness_n of_o the_o mind_n julian_n in_o his_o second_o panegyric_n on_o constantius_n under_o who_o person_n he_o describe_v a_o virtuous_a prince_n say_v that_o have_v conquer_v his_o enemy_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n he_o make_v no_o far_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n esteem_v it_o impious_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o defend_v himself_o and_o therefore_o diodorus_n siculus_n condemn_v the_o byzantine_n and_o chalcedonian_o of_o notorious_a cruelty_n for_o kill_v a_o multitude_n of_o captive_n take_v in_o war._n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n general_o observe_v to_o spare_v captive_n and_o that_o he_o that_o violate_v this_o law_n do_v doubtless_o sin_n against_o god_n and_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o story_n we_o find_v those_o commander_n high_o commend_v who_o have_v take_v a_o multitude_n of_o captive_n who_o they_o can_v not_o without_o danger_n and_o charge_n keep_v have_v choose_v rather_o free_o to_o dismiss_v they_o than_o to_o kill_v they_o fourteen_o they_o be_v to_o be_v spare_v that_o surrender_n on_o equal_a condition_n wherefore_o they_o that_o in_o a_o battle_n shall_v cry_v for_o quarter_n or_o in_o a_o siege_n shall_v offer_v to_o yield_v upon_o condition_n to_o save_v their_o life_n be_v neither_o of_o they_o to_o be_v reject_v the_o roman_n as_o procopius_n testify_v 4._o testify_v goth._n 4._o thus_o bespeak_v the_o persian_n who_o they_o hold_v close_o besiege_v in_o the_o fort_n of_o petra_n we_o say_v they_o do_v extreme_o commiserate_v your_o hard_a condition_n and_o will_v glad_o spare_v you_o though_o you_o wish_v to_o die_v and_o that_o life_n which_o you_o so_o nice_o disdain_v we_o will_v save_v as_o it_o become_v christian_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o therefore_o arrianus_n speak_v in_o that_o slaughter_n which_o the_o theban_n make_v of_o their_o captive_n that_o have_v yield_v to_o mercy_n say_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o it_o
such_o thing_n in_o they_o as_o add_v but_o little_a to_o the_o conquest_n be_v take_v away_o and_o yet_o whereby_o many_o innocent_a person_n be_v or_o may_v be_v damnify_v so_o that_o such_o act_n as_o these_o christian_a clemency_n do_v always_o almost_o and_o justice_n itself_o also_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n abhor_v sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a tie_n and_o obligation_n among_o christian_n than_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o grecian_n yet_o we_o find_v a_o decree_n make_v by_o the_o amphictiones_fw-la ne_fw-la qua_fw-la vrbs_fw-la graeca_n bello_fw-la exscinderetur_fw-la that_o none_o of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n shall_v ever_o be_v burn_v down_o by_o war._n and_o it_o stand_v yet_o record_v by_o some_o ancient_a writer_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a never_o repent_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o he_o do_v the_o destroy_n of_o thebes_n chap._n xiii_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war._n i._o the_o good_n even_o of_o our_o enemy_n subject_n be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v detain_v only_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o some_o just_a debt_n ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n iii_o by_o debt_n here_o all_o the_o charge_n and_o damage_n occasion_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v also_o include_v vi_o not_o to_o exact_v the_o utmost_a of_o our_o right_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o humanity_n i._o subject_n good_n take_v in_o war_n detain_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o just_a debt_n the_o take_n of_o our_o enemy_n good_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v neither_o altogether_o blameless_a nor_o be_v it_o exempt_v from_o all_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o which_o be_v do_v right_o we_o can_v neither_o take_v nor_o detain_v more_o from_o our_o enemy_n than_o what_o be_v just_o due_a from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o beyond_o what_o be_v due_a we_o be_v enforce_v to_o detain_v for_o our_o necessary_a safety_n which_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v the_o danger_n be_v pass_v either_o in_o kind_n or_o to_o their_o full_a value_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v 2._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o for_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v to_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o be_v much_o more_o lawful_a to_o the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o be_v our_o enemy_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n may_v be_v take_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purpose_n to_o restore_v it_o as_o be_v already_o prove_v this_o necessity_n create_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o take_v that_o wherein_o we_o have_v otherwise_o no_o propriety_n at_o all_o 8._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o §_o 6_o 7_o 8._o but_o whereas_o debt_n may_v arise_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o inequality_n that_o there_o be_v in_o thing_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o punishment_n due_a for_o some_o act_n of_o injustice_n do_v unto_o we_o we_o may_v in_o either_o of_o those_o case_n possess_v ourselves_o if_o we_o can_v of_o the_o good_n of_o our_o enemy_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n namely_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o good_n not_o of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n only_o but_o those_o of_o his_o subject_n also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n stand_v oblige_v which_o right_o of_o nation_n we_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n than_o that_o which_o consist_v either_o in_o a_o bare_a impunity_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o external_a judgement_n for_o as_o by_o our_o own_o private_a consent_n or_o agreement_n he_o that_o deal_v with_o we_o for_o what_o be_v we_o seek_v to_o have_v not_o only_o a_o external_a or_o judicial_a right_n but_o a_o internal_a and_o equitable_a also_o in_o that_o which_o he_o deal_v for_o so_o be_v it_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o common_a consent_n or_o agreement_n wherein_o be_v virtual_o contain_v every_o particular_a man_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a pact_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n now_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o credible_a that_o it_o please_v the_o nation_n that_o such_o a_o right_o shall_v be_v thus_o acquire_v because_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o great_a mischief_n but_o also_o as_o a_o way_n whereby_o every_o state_n and_o nation_n may_v recover_v their_o own_o ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o crime_n but_o if_o the_o debt_n wherein_o a_o foreign_a prince_n stand_v oblige_v unto_o we_o be_v penal_a only_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n such_o a_o right_n be_v give_v to_o detain_v his_o subject_n good_n bare_o for_o his_o neglect_n for_o such_o a_o tie_n upon_o another_o man_n good_n will_v be_v odious_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o extend_v itself_o far_o than_o the_o person_n offend_v neither_o be_v there_o the_o like_a profit_n arise_v from_o these_o latter_a debt_n as_o from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a debt_n require_v some_o reparation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o good_n but_o so_o do_v not_o these_o latter_a and_o therefore_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o may_v without_o damage_n be_v omit_v neither_o do_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o attic_a law_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o contradict_v this_o for_o there_o man_n stand_v oblige_v not_o for_o that_o proper_o because_o the_o city_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o to_o compel_v the_o city_n to_o do_v what_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n upon_o offender_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a and_o not_o unto_o these_o latter_a sort_n of_o debt_n for_o to_o owe_v a_o duty_n in_o punish_v offender_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o to_o lie_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o that_o duty_n be_v another_o the_o omission_n of_o that_o do_v usual_o induce_v this_o 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divine_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_v with_o the_o principal_a debt_n that_o be_v until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v according_a to_o sound_a judgement_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v in_o the_o war_n itself_o thus_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o antiochus_n adjudge_v it_o equitable_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n through_o who_o default_n it_o be_v that_o the_o war_n begin_v so_o justine_n impensas_fw-la belli_n lege_fw-la justa_n suscepturus_fw-la qui_fw-la belli_n author_n est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o samian_o be_v condemn_v to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n now_o whatsoever_o be_v just_o impose_v on_o the_o vanquish_a may_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v exact_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n iv_o for_o humanity_n sake_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o exact_v our_o utmost_a due_n moreover_o this_o also_o must_v be_v remember_v which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o those_o of_o justice_n that_o man_n have_v but_o little_a of_o mercy_n in_o he_o who_o be_v opulent_a use_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o the_o law_n to_o enforce_v from_o his_o poor_a creditor_n the_o utmost_a farthing_n of_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v especial_o if_o that_o debt_n be_v contract_v by_o his_o kindness_n to_o his_o friend_n only_o in_o be_v surety_n for_o he_o very_o lamentable_a be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o a_o surety_n say_v quintilian_n the_o father_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o creditor_n do_v nothing_o herein_o but_o what_o he_o
may_v do_v by_o right_n strict_o take_v whereunto_o he_o add_v salvo_n pudore_fw-la ad_fw-la sponsorem_fw-la non_fw-la aliter_fw-la creditorem_fw-la venire_fw-la quà m_fw-la si_fw-la recipere_fw-la à _fw-la debitore_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la the_o creditor_n can_v for_o shame_n sue_v the_o surety_n unless_o the_o principal_n be_v insolvent_a wherefore_o it_o behoove_v we_o for_o humanity_n sake_n to_o spare_v their_o thing_n who_o have_v no_o way_n offend_v either_o as_o author_n or_o as_o promoter_n of_o the_o war_n nor_o be_v any_o other_o way_n concern_v than_o as_o by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n and_o who_o can_v worse_o endure_v the_o loss_n of_o they_o than_o we_o can_v but_o especial_o if_o it_o do_v sufficient_o appear_v unto_o we_o that_o they_o shall_v receive_v no_o reparation_n for_o what_o we_o shall_v so_o take_v away_o from_o that_o prince_n or_o city_n whereof_o they_o area_n part_n king_n ptolemy_n have_v overcome_v demetrius_n the_o son_n of_o antigonus_n and_o take_v his_o camp_n send_v back_o his_o money_n and_o his_o apparel_n demetrii_n plut._n vit_fw-mi demetrii_n with_o this_o message_n that_o the_o contest_v between_o they_o be_v for_o honour_n and_o empire_n only_o and_o not_o for_o private_a gain_n thus_o do_v cyrus_n bespeak_v his_o soldier_n when_o they_o have_v take_v babylon_n and_o plunder_v it_o what_o you_o have_v get_v from_o your_o enemy_n you_o may_v without_o any_o injustice_n possess_v but_o if_o you_o will_v leave_v they_o some_o thing_n it_o will_v testify_v your_o humanity_n this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o since_o this_o right_n of_o seize_v the_o good_n of_o innocent_a subject_n for_o their_o prince_n debt_n be_v but_o subsidiary_n or_o by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n in_o case_n there_o be_v any_o hope_n of_o recover_v our_o debt_n from_o the_o original_a debtor_n or_o from_o they_o who_o by_o not_o do_v we_o right_o have_v voluntary_o make_v themselves_o debtor_n then_o to_o fall_v upon_o they_o who_o be_v no_o way_n accessary_a to_o the_o injury_n do_v we_o though_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n strict_o take_v yet_o it_o can_v stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o humanity_n 2._o appian_n civil_a l._n 2._o the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v conquer_v their_o enemy_n never_o make_v sale_n of_o all_o their_o land_n but_o leave_v they_o some_o part_n thereof_o to_o till_o for_o their_o sustenance_n so_o do_v the_o vandal_n in_o africa_n and_o the_o goth_n in_o italy_n as_o procopius_n inform_v we_o history_n do_v plentiful_o supply_v we_o with_o such_o like_a example_n of_o humanity_n as_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v overcome_v their_o enemy_n grant_v they_o their_o field_n back_o upon_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v from_o thenceforth_o hold_v of_o the_o city_n they_o have_v conquer_v or_o when_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o those_o land_n be_v for_o honour_n sake_n leave_v unto_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n thus_o romulus_n punish_v the_o vejente_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o part_n of_o their_o territory_n so_o alexander_n restore_v the_o land_n he_o have_v conquer_v to_o the_o vxii_fw-la under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o several_a history_n of_o city_n take_v but_o restore_v and_o not_o destroy_v and_o of_o not_o the_o person_n only_o of_o husbandman_n but_o their_o good_n laudable_o restore_v at_o least_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n as_o also_o under_o the_o like_a tribute_n immunity_n from_o war_n we_o may_v read_v of_o usual_o grant_v to_o merchandises_n chap._n fourteen_o moderation_n concern_v captive_n i._o how_o far_o forth_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o make_v man_n slave_n by_o internal_a justice_n ii_o what_o may_v just_o be_v do_v to_o they_o by_o right_a reason_n equity_n or_o conscience_n iii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o innocent_a iu._n nor_o to_o punish_v he_o unmerciful_o v._n nor_o to_o impose_v upon_o he_o excessive_a labour_n vi_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o slave_n how_o far_o his_o own_o and_o how_o far_o his_o lord_n vii_o whether_o captive_n may_v fly_v from_o their_o lord_n viii_o whether_o the_o child_n of_o slave_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o master_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o ix_o what_o may_v be_v do_v where_o the_o service_n of_o captive_n be_v not_o in_o use_n i._o how_o far_o forth_o man_n may_v be_v enslave_v by_o internal_a justice_n in_o such_o place_n where_o this_o right_n be_v yet_o in_o force_n of_o take_v man_n prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o slave_n if_o we_o respect_v internal_a justice_n it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o right_n of_o take_v thing_n be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o be_v so_o far_o lawful_a until_o we_o be_v satisfy_v our_o original_a debt_n together_o with_o the_o subsequent_a charge_n thereof_o unless_o the_o person_n so_o take_v shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o such_o particular_a crime_n as_o in_o common_a equity_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o liberty_n hitherto_o therefore_o but_o no_o far_o have_v he_o that_o wage_v a_o just_a war_n a_o right_n in_o the_o captive_n take_v from_o his_o enemy_n and_o a_o power_n to_o transfer_v that_o right_n firm_o unto_o other_o but_o here_o also_o the_o same_o equity_n and_o humanity_n shall_v persuade_v we_o to_o put_v the_o like_a difference_n as_o before_o we_o observe_v when_o we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o kill_n of_o our_o enemy_n demosthenes_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o he_o write_v concern_v licurgus_n child_n extol_v the_o clemency_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n for_o that_o he_o make_v not_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o his_o enemy_n slave_n but_o weigh_v as_o in_o a_o just_a balance_n all_o circumstance_n he_o proceed_v rather_o as_o a_o judge_n than_o as_o a_o conqueror_n thus_o likewise_o do_v alexander_n his_o son_n alex._n plut._n vit_fw-mi alex._n who_o have_v take_v thebes_n set_v at_o liberty_n both_o their_o priest_n and_o such_o of_o their_o citizen_n as_o have_v not_o assent_v to_o the_o decree_n that_o the_o city_n pass_v against_o he_o ii_o what_o may_v be_v just_o do_v unto_o captive_n in_o equity_n but_o here_o it_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o right_n of_o make_v man_n slave_n which_o arise_v as_o by_o suretyship_n for_o that_o city_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o so_o far_o as_o that_o which_o arise_v direct_o from_o personal_a delinquency_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v slave_n by_o way_n of_o just_a punishment_n and_o therefore_o a_o resolute_a spartan_a be_v command_v to_o do_v some_o slavish_a office_n plead_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o a_o captive_n but_o no_o slave_n dicebat_fw-la captivum_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la servum_fw-la dicebat_fw-la philo_n observe_v that_o sometime_o parent_n be_v take_v and_o make_v slave_n for_o their_o child_n fault_n and_o sometime_o child_n for_o their_o parent_n crime_n as_o when_o they_o be_v take_v either_o by_o pirate_n or_o in_o the_o war_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o more_o vigorous_a than_o any_o humane_a law_n set_v free_a and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v direct_o into_o that_o general_a right_n which_o a_o just_a war_n give_v over_o captive_n it_o be_v much_o like_a unto_o that_o which_o a_o lord_n have_v over_o such_o servant_n as_o be_v reduce_v to_o poverty_n have_v sell_v themselves_o unto_o he_o only_o herein_o lie_v the_o difference_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o those_o take_v in_o war_n be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v pity_v because_o this_o calamity_n befall_v they_o not_o through_o any_o crime_n which_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o but_o through_o the_o default_n of_o their_o governor_n to_o be_v make_v a_o slave_n by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v as_o isocrates_n account_v it_o a_o bitter_a thing_n for_o this_o kind_n of_o bondage_n be_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n to_o all_o kind_n of_o labour_n and_o hardship_n for_o a_o perpetual_a supply_n of_o food_n and_o raiment_n chrysippus_n definition_n do_v very_o well_o agree_v with_o such_o kind_n of_o slave_n who_o say_v that_o a_o slave_n be_v a_o perpetual_a hireling_n and_o thus_o do_v the_o mosaic_a law_n esteem_v of_o he_o who_o poverty_n have_v compel_v to_o sell_v his_o liberty_n as_o we_o read_v levit._n 25.18_o 40_o 53._o and_o his_o redemption_n shall_v be_v pay_v by_o his_o work_n as_o the_o fruit_n of_o land_n sell_v or_o mortgage_v shall_v redeem_v it_o to_o they_o that_o sell_v it_o leu._n 25.50_o there_o be_v therefore_o a_o main_a difference_n between_o that_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n may_v be_v do_v unto_o a_o slave_n without_o punishment_n and_o that_o which_o natural_a reason_n and_o equity_n do_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o so_o say_v seneca_n in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v 18._o de_fw-fr clem._n l._n 1._o c._n 18._o come_v in_o servum_fw-la omne_fw-la
that_o city_n may_v stand_v no_o less_o oblige_v than_o their_o parent_n but_o for_o those_o that_o be_v unborn_a this_o reason_n suffice_v not_o but_o some_o other_o be_v requisite_a as_o the_o express_a consent_n of_o parent_n together_o with_o the_o necessity_n of_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o even_o for_o ever_o or_o for_o afford_v they_o aliment_n and_o that_o so_o long_o only_o until_o their_o labour_n shall_v full_o satisfy_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o maintenance_n if_o any_o right_n beyond_o this_o be_v give_v to_o a_o lord_n over_o such_o child_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o too_o great_a indulgence_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o the_o lord_n themselves_o ix_o what_o may_v be_v do_v where_o bond-slavery_n be_v not_o in_o use_n but_o in_o such_o place_n where_o this_o right_n of_o make_v man_n slave_n be_v not_o in_o use_n there_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o exchange_v prisoner_n and_o next_o to_o this_o be_v to_o release_v they_o pay_v their_o ransom_n which_o likewise_o shall_v not_o be_v over_o great_a but_o moderate_a neither_o can_v any_o man_n set_v down_o a_o certain_a rate_n but_o common_a humanity_n instruct_v we_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o excessive_a as_o that_o the_o prisoner_n be_v release_v shall_v thereby_o want_v necessary_n which_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n even_o unto_o such_o as_o through_o their_o own_o peculiar_a fact_n be_v fall_v into_o debt_n in_o other_o place_n the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n be_v prefix_v either_o by_o mutual_a covenant_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n among_o the_o grecian_n of_o old_a the_o ransom_n of_o a_o common_a soldier_n be_v mina_n a_o pound_n that_o be_v of_o our_o coin_n about_o three_o pound_n two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n we_o now_o a_o day_n require_v for_o every_o soldier_n a_o month_n pay_v in_o the_o war_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o italy_n the_o ransom_n of_o every_o horseman_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o year_n pay_v unless_o he_o be_v a_o captain_n or_o some_o other_o eminent_a commander_n or_o that_o he_o be_v take_v in_o a_o just_a fight_n or_o at_o the_o storm_a of_o a_o town_n as_o mariana_n testify_v 18._o lib._n 27._o c._n 18._o plutarch_n record_v it_o of_o the_o corinthian_n and_o the_o megarense_n quest_n graec._n graec._n that_o the_o war_n between_o they_o be_v prosecute_v mild_o and_o as_o it_o become_v neighbour_n and_o kinsman_n if_o any_o man_n be_v take_v prisoner_n he_o that_o take_v he_o entertain_v he_o as_o his_o guest_n and_o take_v his_o word_n for_o his_o ransom_n dismiss_v he_o friendly_a whence_o arise_v the_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o one_o that_o by_o the_o courteous_a usage_n of_o his_o enemy_n take_v in_o the_o war_n make_v he_o his_o friend_n but_o much_o more_o magnanimous_a be_v that_o of_o pyrrhus_n so_o high_o extol_v by_o cicero_n no_o wealth_n i_o ask_v nor_o ransom_n will_v i_o take_v it_o be_v steel_n not_o gold_n that_o must_v the_o victor_n make_v yet_o whoso_o after_o fight_n shall_v chance_v to_o live_v to_o he_o his_o liberty_n i_o will_v free_o give_v pyrrhus_n think_v no_o doubt_n that_o his_o cause_n be_v good_a but_o yet_o he_o be_v content_a to_o restore_v they_o to_o liberty_n who_o some_o probable_a reason_n have_v induce_v to_o fight_v against_o he_o the_o like_a fact_n of_o cyrus_n xenophon_n high_o commend_v as_o polybius_n do_v that_o of_o king_n philip_n 2._o cyropast_n l._n 2._o and_o curtius_n that_o of_o alexander_n plutarch_n also_o record_v the_o same_o of_o king_n ptolemy_n demet._n vit._n demet._n and_o of_o demetrius_n that_o they_o strive_v whether_o of_o they_o shall_v excel_v not_o so_o much_o in_o arm_n as_o in_o clemency_n and_o benignity_n towards_o the_o vanquish_a 7._o strabo_n l._n 7._o and_o dromichaetes_n king_n of_o the_o getes_n have_v take_v lysimachus_n prisoner_n in_o war_n entertain_v he_o friendly_a as_o his_o guest_n and_o understand_v by_o the_o king_n how_o poor_o and_o yet_o how_o oblige_o the_o getick_a nation_n live_v he_o choose_v ever_o after_o rather_o to_o make_v they_o his_o friend_n than_o his_o enemy_n chap._n xv._o moderation_n in_o the_o acquire_n of_o empire_n i._o how_o far_o internal_a justice_n permit_v the_o acquire_v of_o empire_n ii_o that_o by_o this_o right_a to_o spare_v the_o conquer_a be_v laudable_a iii_o either_o hy_z mix_v the_o conquer_a among_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n or_o by_o leave_v they_o under_o their_o government_n who_o before_o have_v it_o v._o yet_o sometime_o place_v garrison_n among_o they_o vi_o or_o by_o impose_v on_o they_o tribute_n and_o such_o like_a charge_n vii_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v from_o such_o moderation_n viii_o example_n and_o of_o the_o change_n of_o government_n over_o such_o as_o be_v conquer_v ix_o the_o empire_n though_o gain_v yet_o some_o part_n thereof_o aught_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o vanquish_a x._o or_o at_o least_o some_o kind_n of_o liberty_n xi_o especial_o in_o matter_n that_o concern_v religion_n xii_o at_o least_o the_o vanquish_a be_v to_o be_v treat_v with_o much_o clemency_n and_o why_o i._o how_o far_o empire_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o internal_a justice_n what_o in_o equity_n be_v requisite_a or_o in_o humanity_n commendable_a be_v do_v to_o single_a person_n be_v so_o much_o more_o be_v do_v to_o a_o nation_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o by_o how_o much_o the_o good_a or_o evil_n that_o be_v do_v to_o a_o multitude_n be_v more_o notorious_a than_o the_o same_o do_v to_o particular_a man_n sure_o by_o a_o just_a war_n as_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o people_n and_o the_o very_o right_o that_o the_o people_n have_v in_o the_o government_n may_v be_v lawful_o acquire_v that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o greatness_n either_o of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o their_o crime_n or_o of_o some_o other_o debt_n do_v warrant_v it_o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o secure_v the_o conqueror_n from_o some_o great_a and_o imminent_a danger_n that_o otherwise_o may_v befall_v he_o but_o this_o cause_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mix_v with_o other_o which_o notwithstanding_o as_o well_o in_o make_v of_o peace_n as_o in_o prosecute_a the_o victory_n be_v principal_o aim_v at_o for_o in_o the_o other_o case_n that_o the_o conqueror_n remit_v the_o punishment_n or_o debt_n it_o be_v from_o his_o mercy_n but_o that_o security_n which_o in_o public_a danger_n exceed_v moderation_n be_v cruelty_n thus_o do_v isocrates_n advise_v philip_n it_o will_v suffice_v thou_o so_o far_o to_o subdue_v the_o barbarian_n that_o thou_o may_v secure_v the_o peace_n of_o thy_o own_o country_n ii_o to_o abstain_v from_o it_o commendable_a that_o which_o sallust_n record_v of_o the_o ancient_n roman_n be_v worthy_a of_o our_o imitation_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v so_o religious_a that_o they_o they_o take_v nothing_o away_o from_o the_o conquer_a but_o the_o licence_n they_o take_v to_o do_v they_o wrong_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n for_o peace_n sake_n and_o sustain_v labour_n in_o hope_n of_o rest_n sapientes_fw-la pacis_fw-la causa_fw-la bellum_fw-la gerunt_fw-la 1._o jugurth_n de_fw-fr rep._n l._n 7._o c._n 14_o 15._o &_o c._n 10._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o &_o laborem_fw-la spe_fw-la otii_fw-la sustentant_fw-la not_o much_o discrepant_a be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v peace_n as_o the_o end_n of_o motion_n be_v rest_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o notable_a say_n of_o cicero_n bellum_fw-la ita_fw-la suscipiatur_fw-la ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la pax_fw-la quaesita_fw-la videatur_fw-la war_n shall_v be_v so_o make_v as_o if_o nothing_o else_o be_v thereby_o intend_v but_o peace_n and_o in_o another_o place_n war_n shall_v be_v undertake_v for_o this_o cause_n only_o that_o we_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o not_o be_v injure_v nor_o be_v this_o much_o different_a from_o what_o our_o christian_a divine_n teach_v we_o the_o end_n say_v they_o of_o war_n be_v to_o remove_v those_o thing_n that_o disturb_v peace_n before_o ninus_n his_o reign_n king_n be_v studious_a to_o preserve_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o empire_n but_o not_o to_o enlarge_v they_o thus_o alexander_n write_v to_o artaxerxes_n the_o persian_a manendum_fw-la cuique_fw-la intra_fw-la fine_n suos_fw-la nihil_fw-la novando_fw-la every_o king_n ought_v to_o confine_v himself_o within_o his_o own_o dominion_n and_o not_o encroach_v upon_o another_o neither_o shall_v any_o man_n out_o of_o a_o uncertain_a hope_n invade_v the_o right_n of_o another_o but_o rest_v content_v with_o his_o own_o all_o kingdom_n be_v at_o first_o limit_v with_o their_o own_o bound_n neither_o be_v king_n so_o ambitious_a of_o empire_n to_o themselves_o as_o of_o glory_n
under_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n be_v yet_o permit_v to_o live_v under_o a_o popular_a government_n as_o appianus_n testify_v such_o another_o shadow_n of_o liberty_n the_o grecian_n enjoy_v under_o the_o roman_n and_o cicero_n confess_v that_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v conquer_v cyprus_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o roman_n to_o call_v the_o cypriot_n out_o of_o their_o own_o island_n so_o likewise_o in_o pontus_n the_o city_n of_o amisenes_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o lucullus_n retain_v the_o use_n of_o their_o own_o law_n and_o the_o goth_n though_o they_o have_v conquer_v the_o roman_n yet_o they_o change_v not_o the_o roman_a law_n xi_o especial_o in_o religion_n another_o favour_n may_v also_o without_o danger_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vanquish_a namely_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o withdraw_v they_o from_o it_o unless_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o persuasion_n which_o as_o agrippa_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o emperor_n caius_n prove_v be_v both_o grateful_a to_o the_o conquer_a and_o no_o way_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o as_o well_o josephus_n himself_o as_o the_o emperor_n titus_n object_v against_o the_o rebellious_a jew_n at_o jerusalem_n that_o through_o the_o indulgence_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o may_v exercise_v their_o own_o religion_n with_o so_o great_a a_o right_n and_o freedom_n that_o they_o may_v drive_v stranger_n out_o of_o their_o temple_n even_o with_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o life_n but_o in_o case_n the_o religion_n of_o the_o conquer_a be_v false_a yet_o may_v the_o conqueror_n make_v it_o his_o care_n that_o the_o true_a religion_n be_v not_o oppress_v as_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n do_v by_o weaken_v licinius_n party_n and_o as_o the_o franc_n and_o other_o king_n do_v after_o he_o and_o although_o we_o can_v persuade_v they_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n yet_o must_v we_o not_o drive_v they_o from_o the_o worship_n of_o their_o own_o for_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o severus_n melius_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la aliquem_fw-la coli_fw-la deum_fw-la quà m_fw-la nullum_fw-la better_a it_o be_v that_o any_o god_n be_v there_o worship_v than_o none_o at_o all_o thus_o the_o goth_n in_o procopius_n profess_v that_o they_o will_v not_o compel_v any_o man_n to_o embrace_v their_o religion_n but_o leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o xii_o at_o least_o to_o use_v the_o conquer_a gentle_o and_o why_o the_o last_o premonition_n be_v this_o that_o where_o the_o empire_n be_v full_o and_o absolute_o get_v the_o vanquish_a shall_v be_v treat_v with_o much_o kindness_n and_o clemency_n and_o so_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o mutual_a good_a both_o of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o conquer_a cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n bid_v the_o assyrian_n who_o he_o have_v overcome_v to_o be_v of_o good_a cheer_n for_o their_o condition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o as_o before_o for_o they_o shall_v only_o change_v their_o king_n but_o their_o house_n field_n wife_n child_n etc._n etc._n shall_v as_o full_o remain_v they_o as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v wrong_v either_o they_o or_o they_o he_o and_o he_o will_v revenge_v their_o injury_n we_o read_v in_o sallust_n that_o the_o roman_n always_o seek_v to_o engage_v man_n as_o their_o friend_n rather_o than_o as_o their_o slave_n think_v themselves_o more_o safe_a in_o a_o free_a than_o in_o a_o compulsory_a obedience_n thus_o we_o read_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o thucydides_n we_o say_v they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o worst_a enemy_n may_v thus_o be_v make_v our_o best_a friend_n not_o if_o the_o one_o party_n thirst_v only_o for_o revenge_n and_o abuse_v his_o good_a fortune_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o bind_v the_o other_o party_n by_o oath_n to_o condition_n manifest_o unequal_a but_o if_o though_o he_o may_v so_o do_v he_o show_v no_o less_o equity_n in_o conquer_a his_o own_o passion_n than_o he_o do_v courage_n and_o conduct_n in_o conquer_a his_o enemy_n use_v his_o victory_n with_o as_o much_o moderation_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o his_o own_o security_n agr._n vit._n agr._n the_o britain_n in_o tacitus_n day_n do_v ready_o make_v their_o levy_n pay_v their_o tribute_n and_o perform_v all_o duty_n enjoin_v they_o by_o the_o roman_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v not_o provoke_v by_o manifest_a injury_n but_o such_o they_o bear_v very_o impatient_o jam_fw-la domiti_fw-la ut_fw-la parerent_fw-la nondum_fw-la ut_fw-la servirent_fw-la be_v already_o so_o far_o conquer_v as_o to_o be_v subject_n but_o not_o so_o far_o as_o yet_o 8._o lib._n 8._o as_o to_o be_v slave_n that_o pincernas_fw-la in_o livy_n who_o be_v ask_v in_o the_o roman_a senate_n what_o manner_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n may_v expect_v from_o he_o answer_v ready_o si_fw-mi bonam_fw-la dederitis_fw-la &_o fidam_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la si_fw-la malam_fw-la haud_fw-la diturnam_fw-la if_o on_o reasonable_a condition_n that_o which_o be_v firm_a and_o last_a if_o otherwise_o not_o very_o durable_a add_v this_o reason_n no_o nation_n and_o indeed_o no_o man_n will_v remain_v long_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n whereof_o he_o repent_v that_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o than_o necessity_n shall_v enforce_v he_o so_o camillus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o be_v the_o most_o last_a empire_n under_o which_o the_o subject_n rejoice_v 9_o curt._n lib._n 9_o thus_o the_o scythian_n answer_v alexander_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o slave_n there_o can_v be_v no_o true_a friendship_n for_o though_o they_o live_v in_o peace_n yet_o there_o still_o remain_v some_o right_n of_o war._n thus_o likewise_o hermocrates_n in_o diodorus_n to_o overcome_v be_v not_o so_o glorious_a as_o to_o use_v the_o victory_n with_o clemency_n and_o moderation_n 13._o lib._n 13._o whereunto_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o excellent_a say_v in_o tacitus_n bellorum_fw-la egregii_fw-la fine_n quoties_fw-la ignoscendo_fw-la transigitur_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o those_o war_n be_v notable_a which_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o a_o general_n pardon_v for_o as_o caesar_n observe_v haec_fw-la nova_fw-la sit_fw-la vincendi_fw-la ratio_fw-la ut_fw-la misericordia_fw-la &_o liberalitate_fw-la nos_fw-la muniamus_fw-la this_o be_v a_o new_a way_n of_o conquer_a when_o we_o secure_v ourselves_o by_o our_o act_n of_o mercy_n and_o liberality_n chap._n xvi_o moderation_n concern_v such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n want_v the_o benefit_n of_o postliminy_n i._o that_o what_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o enemy_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n aught_o in_o equity_n to_o be_v restore_v ii_o example_n iii_o whether_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v deduct_v iv_o that_o even_o a_o people_n be_v subject_v or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o if_o by_o a_o unjust_a war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o they_o who_o they_o former_o be_v v._o in_o what_o space_n of_o time_n this_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n cease_v vi_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v if_o the_o case_n be_v dubious_a i._o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n ought_v to_o be_v restore_v how_o far_o forth_o in_o a_o just_a war_n thing_n take_v away_o may_v be_v his_o that_o take_v they_o have_v be_v already_o declare_v from_o which_o be_v to_o be_v deduct_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n for_o these_o be_v as_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v take_v but_o the_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v to_o be_v restore_v not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o take_v they_o but_o by_o other_o also_o unto_o whosoever_o they_o shall_v by_o any_o mean_n come_v nemo_fw-la plus_fw-la juris_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la transfer_v potest_fw-la quam_fw-la ipse_fw-la habuit_fw-la no_o man_n can_v transfer_v more_o right_o to_o another_o than_o he_o have_v himself_o say_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n which_o seneca_n thus_o brief_o explain_v benef_n lib._n 5._o the_o benef_n nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la dare_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la no_o man_n can_v give_v what_o he_o have_v not_o but_o he_o that_o first_o take_v they_o have_v no_o internal_a right_n or_o property_n in_o they_o wherefore_o neither_o shall_v he_o have_v any_o that_o have_v no_o title_n to_o they_o but_o what_o he_o derive_v from_o he_o now_o that_o dominion_n which_o the_o second_o or_o the_o three_o occupant_n have_v gain_v we_o call_v external_a that_o be_v such_o a_o advantage_n that_o he_o be_v every_o where_o to_o be_v defend_v in_o it_o by_o all_o judiciary_n power_n and_o authority_n as_o if_o he_o be_v the_o first_o owner_n but_o yet_o if_o he_o plead_v this_o right_n against_o he_o from_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v at_o first_o unjust_o take_v he_o deal_v not_o honest_o for_o look_v what_o answer_v some_o eminent_a lawyer_n have_v give_v concern_v a_o servant_n captivis_fw-la l._n latrones_fw-la d._n de_fw-fr
of_o his_o epistle_n to_o his_o son_n wherein_o he_o advise_v he_o to_o take_v heed_n how_o he_o engage_v in_o battle_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n be_v then_o no_o soldier_n so_o we_o read_v in_o plutarch_n of_o one_o chrysantas_n a_o soldier_n under_o cyrus_n marcello_n plut._n quaest_n rom._n 39_o &_o the_o marcello_n who_o have_v his_o sword_n lift_v up_o to_o kill_v his_o enemy_n and_o hear_v the_o trumpet_n sound_v a_o retreat_n withdraw_v his_o hand_n and_o will_v not_o hurt_v he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v only_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v his_o general_n that_o can_v justify_v a_o soldier_n in_o kill_v his_o enemy_n without_o which_o it_o will_v be_v no_o better_o than_o homicide_n seneca_n tell_v we_o that_o that_o soldier_n be_v useless_a that_o neglect_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o retreat_n 9_o de_fw-fr ira._n c._n 9_o now_o they_o that_o conceive_v this_o to_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o external_a right_n of_o nation_n be_v mistake_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_o only_o 7._o bo._n 3_o ch_n 6._o supra_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 7._o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n as_o to_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o enemy_n good_n as_o have_v be_v say_v so_o to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n also_o for_o by_o that_o right_n host_n pro_fw-la nullis_fw-la habentur_fw-la enemy_n be_v not_o reckon_v as_o man_n this_o therefore_o that_o cato_n advise_v proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a military_a discipline_n which_o provide_v that_o he_o who_o be_v a_o soldier_n observe_v not_o the_o word_n of_o command_n though_o the_o success_n be_v good_a shall_v notwithstanding_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o modestinus_n observe_v but_o he_o that_o without_o order_n or_o command_v shall_v engage_v in_o fight_n with_o a_o enemy_n be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o he_o wilful_o disobey_v his_o general_n command_n 12._o livy_n lib._n 7._o plut._n paral_a rom._n &_o grae._n paral_a 12._o as_o we_o be_v teach_v as_o well_o by_o the_o severity_n of_o manlius_n to_o his_o own_o son_n as_o by_o the_o like_a proceed_n of_o epaminondas_n against_o he_o because_o in_o case_n such_o thing_n may_v rash_o be_v do_v it_o may_v happen_v that_o soldier_n may_v sometime_o desert_v their_o own_o station_n which_o licence_n increase_a the_o whole_a army_n or_o some_o part_n thereof_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v unexpected_o engage_v on_o term_n very_o unequal_a which_o by_o all_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o acidius_fw-la cassius_n past_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n in_o the_o like_a case_n evenire_fw-la potuit_fw-la ut_fw-la essent_fw-la infidiae_fw-la it_o may_v have_v so_o happen_v say_v he_o that_o ambush_n have_v be_v lay_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o sallust_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o war_n as_o well_o they_o who_o contrary_a to_o command_v have_v fight_v the_o enemy_n as_o they_o who_o be_v call_v back_o make_v not_o their_o return_n in_o time_n be_v frequent_o punish_v a_o certain_a spartan_a be_v just_a about_o to_o kill_v his_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v in_o his_o power_n hear_v the_o trumpet_n sound_v a_o retreat_n sudden_o stay_v his_o hand_n give_v this_o reason_n for_o it_o praefectis_fw-la parêre_fw-la satius_fw-la est_fw-la quà m_fw-la hostem_fw-la occidere_fw-la better_a it_o be_v to_o obey_v our_o commander_n than_o to_o kill_v our_o enemy_n and_o plutarch_n give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o that_o be_v dismiss_v the_o army_n have_v no_o right_a to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n because_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o any_o military_a law_n which_o they_o that_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v 17.6_o 17.6_o epictetus_n in_o arrian_n recite_v the_o fact_n beforementioned_a of_o chrysantas_n add_v tanto_fw-la illi_fw-la potius_fw-la videbatur_fw-la ducis_fw-la quam_fw-la svam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la exequi_fw-la that_o he_o think_v it_o much_o better_a to_o execute_v the_o command_n of_o his_o captain_n than_o to_o humour_v his_o own_o passion_n but_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_n which_o be_v internal_a and_o natural_a it_o seem_v lawful_a in_o a_o just_a war_n for_o any_o man_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n whereby_o the_o innocent_a party_n may_v receive_v benefit_n so_o as_o he_o exceed_v not_o the_o just_a measure_n of_o make_v war_n not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o take_v from_o the_o enemy_n his_o own_o for_o to_o he_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n owe_v unless_o haply_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n which_o he_o exact_v by_o that_o right_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o mankind_n which_o in_o what_o measure_n it_o be_v by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n restrain_v may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v above_o 17._o lib._n 2._o c._n 17._o now_o a_o command_n in_o war_n may_v be_v either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n as_o when_o in_o a_o tumult_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o consul_n cry_v out_o qui_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la saluam_fw-la volunt_fw-la i_o sequantur_fw-la let_v they_o that_o wish_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n follow_v i_o nay_o nead_v seru._n ad_fw-la 8._o ae._n nead_v sometime_o this_o power_n of_o kill_v be_v grant_v to_o every_o subject_a beyond_o what_o be_v do_v in_o our_o own_o defence_n if_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o public_a safety_n ii_o what_o reformado_n and_o privateer_n may_v do_v by_o internal_a right_n against_o a_o enemy_n a_o special_a charge_n or_o command_v to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n may_v be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o they_o who_o receive_v pay_v but_o to_o those_o who_o go_v to_o war_n on_o their_o own_o charge_n or_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o who_o administer_v upon_o their_o own_o charge_n a_o part_n of_o the_o war_n as_o they_o that_o build_v set_v out_o and_o maintain_v man_n of_o war_n at_o their_o own_o private_a charge_n who_o instead_o of_o pay_n gain_v to_o themselves_o whatsoever_o they_o can_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o declare_v 6._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o which_o how_o far_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o call_v internal_a justice_n be_v worthy_o dispute_v this_o justice_n have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o enemy_n or_o to_o the_o city_n with_o which_o we_o make_v our_o contract_n from_o a_o enemy_n the_o possession_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n may_v for_o our_o own_o security_n be_v take_v away_o but_o this_o must_v be_v under_o a_o condition_n of_o restitution_n but_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n in_o those_o thing_n must_v be_v no_o far_o retain_v than_o will_v serve_v to_o compensate_a the_o cost_n and_o damage_n which_o that_o city_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n have_v be_v at_o either_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n whether_o the_o thing_n so_o take_v belong_v 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unto_o they_o and_o concern_v that_o fact_n of_o sergius_n galba_n who_o in_o revenge_n upon_o the_o portugese_n for_o so_o often_o break_v their_o league_n with_o he_o first_o deceive_v they_o with_o a_o new_a league_n and_o then_o slay_v eight_o thousand_o of_o they_o appian_n give_v this_o answer_n perfidiâ_fw-la perfidiam_fw-la ultus_fw-la contra_fw-la romanam_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la barbaros_fw-la imitabatur_fw-la in_o revenge_v one_o treachery_n with_o another_o he_o wound_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n imitate_v therein_o the_o barbarian_n for_o which_o he_o be_v afterward_o worthy_o accuse_v by_o labo_n a_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n whereof_o valerius_n maximus_n give_v his_o opinion_n thus_o be_v be_v not_o equity_n but_o compassion_n that_o plead_v in_o that_o cause_n for_o that_o absolution_n which_o his_o own_o innocency_n can_v not_o challenge_v be_v give_v to_o his_o innocent_a babe_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o cato_n he_o have_v certain_o die_v for_o his_o treachery_n have_v not_o his_o own_o tear_n and_o the_o innocency_n of_o his_o child_n procure_v his_o pardon_n fourteen_o but_o not_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v or_o if_o either_o party_n stand_v not_o to_o the_o agreement_n but_o this_o also_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o way_n whereby_o a_o man_n though_o he_o perform_v not_o that_o which_o he_o promise_v yet_o may_v avoid_v perfidiousness_n as_o namely_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v whereupon_o that_o promise_n be_v ground_v or_o if_o some_o other_o compensation_n be_v make_v for_o it_o for_o want_v of_o the_o condition_n the_o promiser_n be_v not_o real_o discharge_v but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o event_n that_o there_o have_v be_v no_o obligation_n but_o what_o be_v contract_v upon_o condition_n therefore_o that_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v there_o need_v no_o discharge_n whereunto_o we_o may_v refer_v another_o case_n namely_o if_o the_o other_o do_v not_o perform_v that_o which_o he_o be_v first_o bind_v on_o his_o part_n to_o fulfil_v for_o the_o particular_a head_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o agreement_n seem_v to_o be_v complicate_v each_o with_o other_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o condition_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v thus_o express_v thus_o will_v i_o do_v if_o you_o do_v so_o or_o so_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v wherefore_o tullus_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o alban_n call_v the_o god_n to_o witness_v whether_o of_o the_o two_o nation_n be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n pray_v earnest_o that_o all_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o war_n may_v befall_v that_o nation_n for_o as_o ulpian_n note_n he_o break_v not_o the_o league_n who_o therefore_o renounce_v his_o associate_n because_o they_o do_v not_o perform_v some_o article_n whereupon_o the_o league_n be_v at_o the_o first_o make_v for_o which_o cause_n where_o it_o be_v otherwise_o intend_a it_o be_v usual_o thus_o express_v that_o if_o either_o party_n shall_v transgress_v in_o this_o or_o that_o article_n yet_o shall_v the_o rest_n remain_v firm_a and_o inviolable_a xv._o nor_o when_o there_o be_v otherwise_o a_o just_a compensation_n make_v the_o original_n of_o compensation_n or_o recompense_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o declare_v 2._o declare_v book_n 2._o ch._n 7._o §_o 2._o namely_o when_o we_o can_v otherwise_o recover_v either_o what_o be_v our_o own_o or_o what_o be_v just_o owe_v unto_o we_o we_o may_v take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o either_o detain_v it_o or_o owe_v it_o the_o full_a value_n thereof_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v actual_o in_o our_o possession_n whether_o it_o be_v corporeal_a or_o incorporeal_a we_o may_v much_o more_o lawful_o detain_v and_o keep_v whatsoever_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v promise_v it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n not_o to_o perform_v if_o it_o be_v of_o no_o great_a value_n than_o that_o which_o be_v once_o we_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v injurious_o keep_v from_o we_o comparatio_fw-la nulli_fw-la invidiosa_fw-la est_fw-la tertul._n tertul._n ubi_fw-la aut_fw-la gratiae_n aut_fw-la injuriae_fw-la communis_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la that_o comparison_n be_v to_o no_o man_n odious_a wherein_o a_o common_a regard_n be_v have_v to_o either_o courtesy_n or_o injury_n thus_o in_o a_o wager_n at_o law_n say_v seneca_n 4._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 6._o cap._n 4._o the_o debtor_n do_v sometime_o cast_v the_o creditor_n when_o he_o have_v upon_o some_o other_o account_n get_v more_o from_o he_o than_o his_o debt_n amount_v unto_o for_o between_o the_o creditor_n and_o the_o debtor_n only_o the_o judge_n sit_v as_o a_o equal_a arbitrator_n who_o may_v say_v to_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v thy_o money_n that_o thou_o lent_v how_o come_v thou_o then_o by_o the_o land_n which_o thou_o possesse_v but_o never_o buy_v wherefore_o upon_o a_o just_a valuation_n thou_o that_o come_v in_o a_o creditor_n depart_v hence_o a_o debtor_n xvi_o although_o due_a by_o another_o contract_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o if_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v owe_v i_o as_o much_o upon_o any_o other_o contract_n which_o i_o can_v otherwise_o recover_v but_o by_o detain_v that_o which_o i_o have_v promise_v to_o he_o in_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v say_v seneca_n 7._o seneca_n eod._n lib._n c._n 6_o 7._o some_o separate_a action_n neither_o be_v the_o form_n confound_v but_o those_o precedent_n as_o it_o be_v there_o say_v be_v contain_v within_o certain_a law_n which_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v follow_v one_o law_n be_v not_o mix_v with_o another_o we_o must_v walk_v as_o every_o law_n do_v lead_v we_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n admit_v of_o no_o such_o distinction_n namely_o where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o hope_n of_o recover_v what_o be_v our_o own_o xvii_o or_o some_o damage_n do_v the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v where_o he_o that_o exact_v a_o promise_n have_v damnify_v the_o promiser_n to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v thus_o the_o same_o seneca_n 4._o seneca_n eod._n lib._n c._n 4._o the_o farmer_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o his_o landlord_n though_o his_o lease_n be_v not_o cancel_v in_o case_n he_o wilful_o trample_v down_o his_o corn_n and_o cut_v down_o his_o fruit-tree_n not_o because_o he_o have_v receive_v what_o he_o agree_v for_o but_o because_o he_o have_v hinder_v his_o tenant_n from_o receive_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o ground_n whereby_o he_o shall_v have_v pay_v his_o rent_n where_o also_o he_o subjoin_v another_o example_n pecus_fw-la abegisti_fw-la servum_fw-la occidisti_fw-la thou_o have_v haply_o drive_v away_o his_o cattle_n or_o slay_v his_o servant_n and_o a_o little_a after_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o compare_v the_o good_a that_o any_o man_n do_v i_o with_o the_o hart_n that_o he_o do_v i_o and_o thereby_o to_o pronounce_v myself_o his_o debtor_n or_o he_o i_o xviii_o or_o for_o some_o punishment_n just_o due_a last_o whatsoever_o also_o be_v due_a to_o the_o promiser_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n may_v be_v emballance_v with_o what_o he_o have_v promise_v which_o seneca_n in_o the_o same_o place_n thus_o clear_o illustrate_v beneficio_fw-la gratia_n debetur_fw-la injuriae_fw-la ultio_fw-la thanks_o be_v due_a for_o a_o courtesy_n revenge_n for_o a_o injury_n if_o therefore_o i_o pay_v he_o no_o thanks_o nor_o require_v that_o punishment_n from_o he_o that_o i_o lawful_o might_n there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o due_a to_o either_o for_o the_o one_o acquit_v the_o other_o and_o anon_o by_o compare_v the_o good_a turn_n i_o receive_v with_o the_o wrong_n i_o receive_v 6._o ib._n c._n 6._o i_o shall_v easy_o discern_v whether_o i_o be_o indebt_v unto_o he_o or_o he_o to_o i_o xix_o how_o these_o take_v place_n in_o war._n but_o as_o whatsoever_o be_v contend_v for_o by_o a_o wager_n at_o law_n can_v whilst_o the_o suit_n depend_v be_v counterballance_v against_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n sue_v for_o or_o the_o cost_n and_o damage_n sustain_v in_o the_o suit_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o injury_n that_o first_o occasion_v the_o war_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o loss_n or_o expense_n which_o be_v usual_o through_o the_o licence_n in_o war_n cause_v be_v recompense_v as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v for_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o this_o business_n lest_o nothing_o at_o all_o be_v do_v show_v that_o set_v a_o part_n on_o either_o side_n the_o controversy_n of_o the_o war_n they_o be_v agree_v for_o otherwise_o there_o can_v be_v no_o agreement_n so_o firm_o make_v that_o may_v not_o be_v avoid_v whereunto_o may_v that_o of_o seneca_n not_o unfit_o be_v apply_v 15._o de_fw-fr benef._n lib._n 7_o cap._n 15._o our_o ancestor_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n at_o all_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o promise_n that_o so_o they_o may_v teach_v
his_o kingdom_n i_o know_v not_o but_o yet_o such_o the_o case_n may_v be_v that_o such_o a_o king_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o if_o he_o receive_v the_o whole_a as_o his_o propriety_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o divide_v it_o but_o as_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o may_v also_o become_v the_o king_n patrimony_n two_o way_n either_o as_o separable_a from_o the_o kingdom_n or_o as_o inseparable_o unite_v unto_o it_o if_o this_o latter_a way_n they_o may_v be_v transcribe_v 15._o see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o but_o not_o unless_o with_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o former_a they_o may_v be_v alienate_v without_o it_o but_o such_o king_n whosâ—_n kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a can_v hardly_o be_v permit_v to_o alienate_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o it_o evident_o appear_v by_o some_o primitive_a law_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a custom_n that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o vi_o how_o far_o the_o people_n and_o successor_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o peace_n make_v by_o the_o king_n but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v bind_v his_o subject_n and_o successor_n have_v already_o be_v declare_v etc._n declare_v see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 3._o §._o 10_o etc._n etc._n namely_o so_o far_o as_o the_o power_n obligatory_a be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n which_o shall_v be_v neither_o infinite_a nor_o empale_v within_o in_o too_o narrow_a bound_n but_o to_o extend_v so_o far_o only_o as_o in_o probable_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v convenient_a but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n be_v absolute_a lord_n 2._o lord_n see_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 8._o §._o 2._o over_o his_o people_n as_o have_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n conquer_v he_o and_o so_o hold_v they_o under_o a_o government_n mere_o despotical_a and_o not_o civil_a or_o if_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o dominion_n not_o over_o their_o person_n but_o over_o their_o thing_n as_o pharaoh_n buy_v all_o that_o the_o egyptian_n have_v for_o corn_n or_o as_o they_o that_o admit_v of_o stranger_n into_o their_o house_n to_o who_o they_o prescribe_v what_o law_n they_o please_v if_o i_o say_v the_o government_n be_v thus_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n for_o in_o this_o case_n beside_o that_o right_n which_o be_v regal_a there_o be_v a_o access_n of_o another_o right_n which_o make_v that_o justifyable_a which_o a_o bare_a regal_a power_n can_v not_o vii_o what_o power_n a_o king_n have_v over_o his_o subject_n good_n to_o the_o make_n of_o peace_n but_o here_o there_o usual_o arise_v another_o question_n namely_o what_o right_a king_n have_v over_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o that_o which_o particular_o belong_v to_o his_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o have_v as_o a_o king_n that_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o subject_n be_v under_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v a_o part_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v so_o that_o that_o commonwealth_n or_o he_o that_o exercise_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v use_n thereof_o either_o by_o even_o destroy_v they_o or_o by_o alienate_v they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o be_v even_o between_o private_a man_n justifyable_a but_o when_o it_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o shall_v befall_v any_o of_o her_o subject_n or_o citizen_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o such_o spoil_n or_o alienation_n out_o of_o their_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o a_o public_a contribution_n whereunto_o even_o he_o who_o have_v sustain_v the_o loss_n shall_v if_o need_v be_v pay_v his_o proportion_n neither_o shall_v that_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n stand_v discharge_v from_o this_o obligation_n although_o at_o present_a it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o satisfy_v it_o for_o whensoever_o that_o city_n shall_v be_v enable_v this_o sleep_a obligation_n may_v rise_v up_o against_o it_o viii_o but_o what_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v already_o lose_v by_o war._n neither_o can_v i_o here_o general_o admit_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o vasquius_fw-la namely_o that_o the_o city_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o her_o citizen_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n because_o such_o damage_n be_v by_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v for_o this_o right_n of_o war_n have_v only_a respect_n to_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o 2._o it_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o §._o 2._o and_o partly_o to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o open_a hostility_n among_o themselves_o but_o not_o to_o citizen_n among_o themselves_o who_o be_v mutual_o associate_v and_o equal_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n shall_v in_o equity_n esteem_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o common_a loss_n but_o yet_o doubtless_o it_o may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v so_o ordain_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o such_o a_o city_n for_o any_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o man_n may_v be_v the_o more_o watchful_a and_o resolute_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o ix_o no_o difference_n between_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n some_o there_o be_v that_o place_n a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o subject_n acco_n ding_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v they_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n gra_fw-mi thing_fw-mi a_o large_a right_n to_o the_o king_n in_o take_v away_o these_o without_o either_o cause_n or_o recompense_n but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o former_a but_o erroneous_o for_o a_o right_n of_o dominion_n however_o lawful_o gain_v have_v always_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n its_o proper_a effect_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v away_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o dominion_n itself_o or_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o some_o fact_n do_v by_o he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n x._o what_o be_v do_v by_o a_o king_n be_v take_v by_o foreigner_n to_o be_v do_v for_o a_o public_a good_a now_o this_o care_n and_o inspection_n that_o the_o thing_n of_o private_a person_n be_v not_o alienate_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o a_o public_a benefit_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o of_o repair_v of_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o city_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n for_o the_o bare_a fact_n of_o the_o king_n be_v sufficient_a to_o stranger_n that_o contract_v with_o he_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o presumption_n which_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o person_n bring_v with_o it_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o permit_v the_o good_n of_o subject_n to_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o king_n xi_o a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o interpret_n of_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o must_v here_o also_o be_v observe_v 12._o observe_v see_v bo._n 2._o c._n 16._o §._o 12._o the_o more_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_v any_o article_n contain_v the_o more_o extensive_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o the_o more_o of_o rigour_n it_o have_v the_o more_o restrictive_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o great_a favour_n that_o can_v be_v grant_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o wherefore_o where_o the_o article_n be_v ambiguous_a such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o that_o undertake_v a_o just_a war_n shall_v receive_v what_o he_o fight_v for_o together_o with_o his_o cost_n and_o damage_n but_o not_o that_o he_o shall_v get_v any_o thing_n more_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o savour_n of_o rigour_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v but_o because_o a_o bare_a acknowledgement_n of_o wrong_n do_v seldom_o procure_v a_o last_a peace_n therefore_o in_o article_n of_o peace_n such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o war_n make_v the_o balance_n on_o both_o side_n even_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o equal_a composure_n of_o
polybius_n note_v rather_o carry_v himself_o like_o a_o conqueror_n 16._o lib._n 16._o than_o think_v himself_o one_o 29.40_o lib._n 29.40_o and_o as_o to_o those_o other_o thing_n which_o as_o well_o livy_n in_o several_a place_n as_o the_o author_n before_o recite_v do_v set_v down_o as_o sign_n of_o victory_n as_o the_o take_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o grant_v leave_n to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o the_o offering_n battle_n a_o second_o time_n these_o though_o they_o carry_v some_o show_n of_o victory_n yet_o of_o themselves_o prove_v nothing_o but_o as_o they_o be_v back_v with_o other_o more_o demonstrative_a agument_n of_o the_o enemy_n flight_n plutarch_n concern_v agesilaus_n write_v thus_o have_v give_v the_o enemy_n leave_v to_o bury_v their_o dead_a and_o thereby_o gain_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v conqueror_n he_o go_v to_o delphos_n so_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o nicias_n prove_v both_o by_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o he_o who_o crave_v leave_v to_o bury_v his_o dead_a seem_v thereby_o to_o disclaim_v the_o victory_n neither_o have_v they_o that_o crave_v this_o leave_n any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o erect_v trophy_n but_o this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v no_o infallible_a sign_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o where_o the_o victory_n be_v otherwise_o doubtful_a he_o that_o first_o depart_v the_o field_n may_v more_o probable_o be_v think_v to_o fly_v than_o he_o that_o keep_v it_o but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n there_o every_o thing_n be_v to_o remain_v as_o before_o the_o fight_n and_o so_o both_o party_n be_v either_o to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n or_o to_o draw_v to_o a_o new_a agreement_n for_o peace_n xlvi_o war_n sometime_o determine_v by_o arbitration_n concern_v arbiter_n proculus_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n whereof_o the_o one_o he_o make_v so_o authoritative_a that_o whether_o his_o award_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a it_o must_v be_v obey_v which_o say_v he_o be_v to_o he_o observe_v whensoever_o both_o party_n do_v engage_v themselves_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o three_o person_n the_o other_o he_o make_v to_o be_v less_o bind_v as_o when_o both_o party_n be_v content_a to_o refer_v their_o case_n to_o be_v moderate_v by_o some_o indifferent_a person_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o that_o answer_n of_o celsus_n if_o the_o servant_n be_v make_v free_a shall_v swear_v to_o perform_v such_o service_n as_o his_o patron_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o impose_v upon_o he_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o patron_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v unless_o what_o he_o impose_v be_v equal_a but_o this_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n though_o haply_o it_o may_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o agree_v with_o the_o plain_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n simple_o take_v but_o yet_o this_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o word_n arbiter_n may_v be_v take_v in_o both_o sense_n either_o for_o a_o moderator_n only_o such_o as_o the_o athenian_n be_v between_o the_o rhodian_o and_o demetrius_n or_o for_o a_o absolute_a judge_n who_o sentence_n must_v be_v obey_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o as_o also_o we_o do_v elsewhere_o treat_v of_o the_o mean_n how_o to_o prevent_v a_o war._n 22._o lib._n 2._o c._n 22._o and_o yet_o even_o against_o such_o arbiter_n to_o who_o award_n both_o party_n have_v mutual_o promise_v to_o stand_v it_o may_v be_v provide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v that_o appeal_n shall_v be_v grant_v and_o bill_n of_o complaint_n admit_v but_o this_o can_v be_v between_o king_n or_o between_o nation_n for_o here_o can_v be_v no_o superior_a power_n that_o can_v either_o hinder_v or_o dissolve_v the_o oblige_a power_n of_o the_o promise_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o sentence_n be_v right_a or_o wrong_n we_o must_v be_v conclude_v by_o it_o so_o that_o what_o pliny_n sometime_o 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that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o grecian_n to_o be_v command_v whereunto_o the_o consul_n reply_v that_o he_o care_v not_o what_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v but_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v to_o impose_v law_n upon_o those_o who_o by_o their_o own_o concession_n have_v surrender_v themselves_o and_o immediate_o command_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v clap_v up_o in_o chain_n polybius_n word_n be_v to_o this_o sense_n do_v you_o have_v new_o surrender_v yourselves_o unto_o our_o trust_n teach_v we_o what_o we_o must_v or_o aught_o to_o do_v by_o which_o word_n it_o be_v evident_a what_o he_o to_o who_o faith_n any_o people_n do_v commit_v themselves_o may_v do_v with_o impunity_n and_o without_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o yet_o the_o roman_a consul_n do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o power_n so_o as_o these_o historian_n have_v report_v they_o only_o dismiss_v the_o ambassador_n and_o give_v the_o aetolian_n long_a time_n to_o 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it_o much_o material_a in_o what_o form_n of_o word_n such_o a_o surrender_n be_v make_v whether_o to_o the_o conquerour_n wisdom_n or_o to_o his_o moderation_n or_o to_o his_o mercy_n and_o clemency_n all_o these_o be_v but_o palliation_n the_o main_a thing_n intend_v be_v that_o the_o conqueror_n must_v be_v judge_n li._n of_o a_o conditional_a surrender_n yet_o there_o be_v also_o conditional_a surrender_n which_o make_v provision_n either_o for_o every_o person_n as_o when_o their_o life_n liberty_n or_o some_o part_n of_o their_o good_n be_v express_o except_v or_o for_o the_o generality_n and_o among_o these_o some_o may_v amount_v even_o unto_o a_o mix_v government_n whereof_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o discourse_v 17._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o §_o 17._o lii_o who_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v give_v as_o hostage_n to_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o for_o such_o a_o surrender_n there_o succeed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n surety_n for_o their_o performance_n and_o these_o be_v either_o hostage_n or_o pledge_n hostage_n be_v either_o such_o as_o free_o give_v themselves_o or_o such_o as_o be_v send_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o in_o all_o civil_a government_n he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_n civil_a power_n have_v a_o right_a as_o well_o to_o the_o action_n as_o to_o the_o good_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o so_o that_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o send_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v either_o they_o or_o their_o relation_n for_o the_o loss_n and_o damage_n they_o shall_v thereby_o sustain_v and_o in_o case_n there_o be_v many_o nominate_v to_o be_v send_v and_o it_o be_v indifferent_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n whether_o of_o they_o go_v it_o be_v best_o to_o determine_v it_o by_o lot_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o be_v only_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n have_v no_o such_o right_n over_o his_o vassal_n as_o to_o send_v he_o unless_o he_o be_v also_o his_o subject_n for_o the_o reverence_n and_o obedience_n due_a unto_o he_o do_v not_o extend_v so_o far_o liii_o what_o right_o be_v give_v over_o hostage_n that_o a_o hostage_n may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o that_o right_n of_o nation_n which_o we_o call_v external_a we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o not_o by_o that_o which_o be_v internal_a unless_o for_o some_o crime_n of_o his_o own_o he_o have_v deserve_v it_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v make_v slave_n nay_o far_o they_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n enjoy_v and_o leave_v their_o good_n to_o their_o next_o heir_n although_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o their_o good_n be_v confiscate_v shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o public_a treasury_n liv._o whether_o they_o may_v make_v their_o escape_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o hostage_n to_o make_v his_o escape_n will_v be_v likewise_o inquire_v certain_o it_o be_v not_o if_o either_o at_o his_o first_o entrance_n or_o at_o any_o time_n after_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v live_v under_o a_o more_o gentle_a restraint_n he_o engage_v his_o word_n that_o he_o will_v not_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o city_n or_o state_n in_o send_v their_o citizen_n to_o oblige_v he_o not_o to_o fly_v but_o to_o empower_v the_o enemy_n to_o keep_v he_o in_o such_o a_o strict_a custody_n that_o though_o he_o will_v yet_o he_o can_v not_o fly_v and_o thus_o may_v that_o fact_n of_o claelia_n be_v defend_v who_o make_v she_o escape_v from_o porsenna_n to_o who_o she_o be_v send_v with_o other_o lady_n as_o hostage_n but_o admit_v that_o claelia_n have_v not_o at_o all_o offend_v in_o make_v her_o escape_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n justify_v her_o reception_n and_o detension_n which_o make_v porsenna_n declare_v plain_o that_o unless_o they_o send_v back_o his_o hostage_n 2._o liv._o lib._n 2._o he_o will_v take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o their_o league_n whereupon_o the_o roman_n immediate_o restore_v she_o as_o a_o pledge_n of_o their_o peace_n lv._o whether_o a_o hostage_n may_v for_o any_o other_o cause_n be_v detain_v but_o this_o kind_n of_o assurance_n by_o hostage_n be_v to_o those_o who_o be_v send_v very_o odious_a as_o well_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o liberty_n as_o because_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o wherefore_o in_o all_o case_n that_o be_v dubious_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v it_o in_o the_o strict_a sense_n as_o that_o they_o that_o be_v send_v as_o hostage_n in_o one_o case_n can_v be_v detain_v as_o hostage_n in_o another_o which_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o when_o the_o latter_a agreement_n be_v make_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v of_o those_o hostage_n but_o if_o we_o have_v already_o break_v our_o faith_n in_o any_o other_o agreement_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o debt_n just_o due_a than_o those_o hostage_n may_v be_v detain_v yet_o not_o then_o as_o hostage_n but_o as_o subject_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n may_v be_v take_v and_o keep_v as_o prisoner_n for_o their_o sovereign_n debt_n which_o very_o thing_n may_v also_o be_v easy_o prevent_v by_o insert_v this_o clause_n among_o those_o article_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o that_o for_o which_o they_o be_v send_v shall_v be_v perform_v those_o hostage_n shall_v be_v free_o send_v back_o lvi_o the_o principal_a be_v dead_a the_o hostage_n be_v to_o be_v set_v free_a he_o that_o be_v send_v as_o a_o hostage_n to_o release_v for_o a_o while_n either_o a_o prisoner_n or_o another_o hostage_n this_o die_a the_o other_o shall_v be_v release_v for_o when_o the_o person_n die_v that_o be_v the_o hostage_n all_o the_o right_n that_o any_o man_n have_v in_o he_o as_o a_o hostage_n dye_v with_o he_o as_o ulpian_n speak_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o redeem_a captive_n wherefore_o as_o
of_o they_o 201._o give_v by_o do_v or_o not_o do_v ibid._n direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n page_n 400_o damage_n do_v by_o another_o and_o the_o obligation_n thence_o 200._o do_v to_o our_o honour_n and_o fame_n how_o repair_v 204._o who_o occasion_n bind_v to_o reparation_n 200._o if_o do_v in_o war_n no_o action_n arise_v 547._o in_o war_n remit_v peace_n be_v agree_v page_n 546_o 547_o danger_n to_o prevent_v by_o treachery_n poison_n etc._n etc._n whether_o it_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n 72._o to_o prevent_v we_o be_v sometime_o enforce_v on_o sin_n 378._o in_o thing_n equal_o doubtful_a choose_v that_o which_o have_v least_o danger_n page_n 412_o david_n how_o far_o forth_o he_o resist_v saul_n page_n 60_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a not_o to_o be_v recover_v by_o war_n page_n 409_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o conquer_a may_v be_v remit_v by_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 410_o 411_o for_o debt_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o subject_n good_n liable_a 446._o upon_o breach_n of_o faith_n not_o to_o be_v sue_v for_o 211_o 212._o of_o one_o private_a man_n anoh_o ers_a good_n not_o oblige_a page_n 446_o debt_n of_o mercy_n liberality_n and_o gratitude_n not_o recoverable_a by_o law_n page_n 151_o decalogue_n the_o four_o first_o precept_n explain_v page_n 387_o etc._n etc._n deceit_n sometime_o take_v in_o a_o good_a sense_n 437_o 438._o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o natural_a right_a page_n 147_o a_o deceitful_a contract_n to_o what_o restitution_n bind_v page_n 203_o dedition_n conditional_a and_o its_o effect_n 183._o pure_a how_o far_o it_o extend_v 553._o what_o in_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o 553_o 554_o see_v surrender_n defensive_a act_n break_v not_o the_o peace_n page_n 548_o defence_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o innocent_a and_o when_o page_n 424_o defendant_n in_o a_o just_a cause_n gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n page_n 76_o defence_n in_o a_o public_a war_n ibid._n of_o our_o limb_n whether_o it_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n or_o of_o chastity_n page_n 72_o he_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v other_o ought_v not_o rash_o to_o run_v himself_o into_o danger_n page_n 73_o defensive_a war_n lawful_a yet_o against_o the_o aggressor_n only_o and_o where_o the_o danger_n be_v certain_a and_o not_o opinionative_n only_a page_n 71_o 76_o defence_n in_o those_o who_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a unless_o ample_a satisfaction_n be_v first_o tender_v page_n 77_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n natural_o lawful_a page_n 74_o delay_n in_o perform_v article_n of_o agreement_n when_o only_o to_o be_v admit_v page_n 548_o delivery_n not_o necessary_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 140_o degree_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v belove_v page_n 23_o demosthenes_n apologue_n of_o wolf_n and_o sheep_n page_n 423_o the_o denial_n of_o just_a thing_n justify_v the_o take_n of_o they_o page_n 86_o war_n be_v sufficient_o denounce_v though_o at_o the_o next_o garrison_n page_n 454_o denunciation_n its_o form_n 453._o conditional_a require_v either_o restitution_n reparation_n or_o punishment_n 453._o to_o be_v make_v by_o he_o that_o require_v satisfaction_n page_n 453_o 454_o before_o denunciation_n to_o make_v war_n unjust_a 452._o why_o necessary_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 454._o absolute_a when_o necessary_a 453._o whether_o necessary_a the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n violate_a page_n 455_o war_n denounce_v against_o a_o prince_n be_v so_o against_o his_o subject_n and_o adherent_n page_v 454_o war_n without_o denunciation_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 452_o in_o denounce_v of_o war_n what_o nature_n strict_o require_v not_o may_v be_v honest_o and_o laudable_o do_v ibid._n deposit_v thing_n after_o confiscation_n must_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o exchequer_n not_o to_o the_o owner_n page_n 147_o the_o difference_n between_o thing_n deposit_v lend_v and_o pawn_v and_o of_o their_o obligation_n page_n 160_o 161_o dereliction_n when_o presume_v 98._o of_o empire_n example_n page_n 100_o to_o destroy_v thing_n profitable_a to_o we_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o enemy_n folly_n 511._o multitude_n without_o distinction_n inhuman_a page_n 434_o desert_n place_n and_o land_n untilled_a give_v to_o stranger_n page_n 85_o thing_n clear_o deserted_n be_v the_o next_o occupants_n page_n 95_o despair_n make_v enemy_n invincible_a page_n 516_o not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v another_o make_v it_o we_o page_v 122_o the_o detention_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n bind_v to_o restitution_n page_n 496_o devil_n who_o worship_n or_o man_n vice_n or_o that_o offer_v humane_a sacrifice_n to_o be_v persecute_v by_o all_o page_n 389_o dictator_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o a_o time_n kingly_a power_n page_n 40_o 42_o difference_n between_o prince_n how_o compose_a page_n 412_o 413_o diffidare_fw-la what_o page_n 454_o disability_n in_o a_o prince_n supply_v by_o a_o viceroy_n page_n 145_o discipline_n loose_a no_o distinction_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n 533._o make_v soldier_n seem_v senator_n 531_o 532._o military_a the_o end_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o spartan_a law_n page_n 524_o discovery_n of_o place_n preoccupyed_n no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o dispensation_n from_o penal_a law_n lawful_a 377._o distinguish_v from_o equity_n ibid._n to_o dispense_v with_o oath_n once_o in_o prince_n now_o in_o ecclesiastic_n page_v 174_o dissimulation_n whether_o lawful_a 438._o where_o truth_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v its_o companion_n folly_n page_n 404_o divorce_v permit_v in_o most_o nation_n page_n 106_o the_o divorce_v may_v marry_v after_o a_o set_a time_n to_o any_o save_v to_o he_o that_o pâ—t_v she_o away_o page_n 105_o dominion_n natural_o and_o by_o another_o gain_v 472._o of_o infant_n and_o madman_n 89._o conditional_a 97_o 98._o distinguish_v from_o its_o exercise_n 52._o external_a 470._o without_o internal_a 482_o 483._o over_o beast_n page_n 401_o in_o doubtful_a case_n what_o to_o do_v page_n 412_o servant_n in_o doubt_n that_o the_o war_n be_v just_a what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v page_n 429_o doubt_n whence_o in_o moral_n they_o arise_v 410_o where_o we_o doubt_v of_o we_o shall_v forbear_v page_n 411_o drown_v land_n to_o drain_v a_o time_n prefix_v 137_o lost_n if_o not_o drain_v or_o otherwise_o claim_v in_o ten_o year_n ibid._n due_o take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n page_n 376_o duel_v page_n 368_o duellum_fw-la page_n 2_o duel_n in_o two_o case_n lawful_a page_n 76_o duel_n and_o combat_v to_o be_v avoid_v page_n 510_o dumb_a sign_n sometime_o by_o custom_n significant_a page_n 570_o e_z earth_n to_o earth_n 214._o judea_n call_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o earth_n 407._o all_o add_v to_o earth_n yet_o must_v be_v restrain_v to_o the_o country_n speak_v of_o ibid._n education_n if_o bad_a corrupt_v the_o natural_a constitution_n page_n 385_o education_n of_o king_n ptolomie_n son_n page_n 44_o ehud_n fact_n what_o page_n 66_o ambassador_n sacred_a in_o all_o nation_n page_n 206_o ambassador_n resident_a a_o upstart_n custom_n 207_o 208._o they_o have_v no_o privilege_n till_o admit_v 210._o nor_o in_o another_o territory_n without_o licence_n ibid._n a_o twofold_a right_o due_a to_o they_o admittance_n and_o indemnity_n 206._o in_o what_o case_n inviolable_a in_o what_o case_n not_o 208_o 209._o not_o admit_v for_o three_o cause_n 206._o their_o good_n secure_v against_o creditor_n 211._o their_o companion_n and_o attendant_n how_o far_o protect_a page_n 211_o 212_o ambassador_n if_o admit_v secure_v even_o among_o enemy_n 210._o not_o liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n ibid._n move_v sedition_n may_v be_v send_v away_o 208._o perform_v the_o office_n blameless_a 200._o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v be_v apprehend_v and_o kill_v 208_o 209._o not_o admit_v from_o traitor_n pirate_n page_v 206_o 207_o empire_n some_o patrimonial_a and_o alienable_a 42._o how_o divide_v into_o part_n 46._o each_o part_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n 63_o 64._o it_o may_v be_v gain_v to_o the_o king_n or_o people_n by_o long_a possession_n or_o prescription_n page_n 100_o 101._o empire_n of_o rome_n distinct_a from_o the_o french_a and_o lumbards_n 143_o 144._o whether_o universal_a page_n 407_o empire_n of_o rome_n and_o germany_n whence_o they_o derive_v their_o right_a page_n 143_o 144_o empire_n relate_v to_o person_n and_o territory_n 118._o alienable_a with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ibid._n if_o great_a hardly_o keep_v 526._o how_o far_o acquire_v by_o internal_a justice_n 524._o as_o in_o a_o king_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o war_n 485._o how_o firm_o alienate_v for_o peace_n page_n 544_o 545_o empire_n and_o dominion_n how_o they_o differ_v 88_o 89_o under_o one_o firm_a than_o divide_v 128._o by_o a_o
just_a war_n it_o may_v be_v lawful_o acquire_v 524._o distinguish_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v 42._o over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o other_o propriety_n may_v be_v possess_v and_o how_o page_n 91_o 92_o 93_o empire_n and_o dominion_n when_o they_o cease_v 141_o 142_o 143._o not_o change_v with_o the_o imperial_a seat_n page_n 144_o empire_n may_v be_v acquire_v either_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o conquer_a king_n or_o absolute_o and_o so_o despotical_a page_n 485_o the_o empress_n irene_n design_n to_o divide_v the_o empire_n between_o her_o son_n page_n 127_o enemy_n to_o be_v bury_v page_n 216_o enemy_n be_v they_o that_o denounce_v war_n the_o rest_n be_v thief_n and_o robber_n and_o pirate_n page_v 450_o a_o enemy_n country_n with_o and_o how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v waste_v page_n 511_o etc._n etc._n to_o engross_v the_o fruit_n of_o one_o nation_n how_o far_o lawful_a page_n 87_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o with_o other_o man_n loss_n unnatural_a page_n 147_o ensign_n of_o sovereignty_n grant_v to_o a_o prince_n of_o a_o free_a people_n page_n 41_o 42_o ensurance_n void_a either_o party_n know_v the_o good_n either_o to_o be_v safe_a or_o lose_a page_n 164_o epicurus_n take_v away_o religion_n leave_v nothing_o to_o justice_n but_o a_o empty_a name_n page_n 386_o equal_a rate_n set_v upon_o thing_n to_o be_v exchange_v ibid._n equality_n in_o contract_n what_o page_n 159_o equality_n what_o take_v place_n in_o act_n mere_o or_o in_o part_n beneficent_a page_n 160_o equity_n take_v place_n where_o the_o obligation_n be_v in_o the_o literal_a sense_n grievous_a and_o intolerable_a page_n 197_o 198_o equitable_a court_n necessary_a 197._o in_o what_o case_n especial_o ibid._n equity_n the_o corrector_n in_o such_o case_n wherein_o the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o generality_n be_v deficient_a ibid._n equity_n what_o page_n 553_o equivocal_a expression_n not_o admit_v but_o upon_o great_a occasion_n 440._o especial_o in_o league_n page_n 191_o error_n whether_o it_o make_v void_a a_o act_n 151._o in_o some_o point_n of_o religion_n whether_o punishable_a page_n 391_o 392_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_v unknown_a to_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n at_o the_o contract-making_a must_v be_v rectify_v page_n 160_o of_o error_n the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v page_n 392_o a_o escape_v make_v by_o a_o captive_n he_o recover_v all_o he_o lose_v by_o postliminy_n page_n 488_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 534_o esseni_n swear_v not_o 220._o they_o whole_o abstain_v from_o war_n page_n 430_o evangelical_n precept_n whether_o comprehend_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 16_o evidence_n no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o contract_n page_n 199_o of_o evil_a the_o least_o to_o be_v choose_v 411._o have_v the_o appearance_n of_o good_a page_n 488_o excursion_n above_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o camp_n make_v what_o be_v take_v they_o that_o take_v it_o page_n 473_o executioner_n to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o the_o malefactor_n crime_n page_n 430_o 431_o exheredation_n 124._o a_o son_n exhederate_v whether_o any_o thing_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o ibid._n whether_o a_o king_n may_v exheredate_v his_o son_n page_n 130_o exile_n their_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o they_o 115_o to_o inhabit_v any_o other_o country_n lawful_a page_n 85_o extremity_n of_o our_o right_a not_o to_o be_v exact_v by_o war_n page_n 518_o f._n by_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o none_o natural_o oblige_v but_o the_o heir_n page_n 446_o factor_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n how_o far_o bind_v page_n 154_o faithfulness_n the_o foundation_n of_o justice_n page_n 151_o faith_n give_v to_o subject_n or_o slave_n though_o rebel_n as_o such_o must_v be_v keep_v page_n 539_o faith_n sometime_o take_v for_o a_o full_a persuasion_n of_o the_o mind_n page_n 411_o of_o faith_n whatever_o be_v not_o be_v sin_n ibid._n faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o faithless_a 173._o with_o pirate_n and_o thief_n upon_o oath_n ibid._n faith_n give_v by_o sign_n equivalent_a to_o oath_n 175._o its_o breach_n though_o by_o oath_n not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n and_o why_o 538._o sometime_o give_v by_o silence_n 569._o to_o be_v keep_v with_o enemy_n of_o all_o sort_n 536._o even_o with_o pirate_n and_o tyrant_n and_o when_o 537._o objection_n answer_v page_n 538_o faith_n not_o break_v by_o a_o generous_a man_n though_o provoke_v 542._o to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o perfidious_a 540._o and_o when_o not_o page_n 541_o whether_o private_a man_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o keep_v their_o faith_n with_o a_o enemy_n page_n 557_o 558_o faith_n give_v in_o war_n by_o private_a man_n to_o be_v keep_v even_o to_o pirate_n robber_n and_o tyrant_n though_o give_v but_o by_o minor_n page_v 538_o fides_n attica_n page_n 498_o to_o preserve_v faith_n a_o exhortation_n to_o king_n page_n 571_o false_a speak_v to_o some_o person_n better_o admit_v than_o equivocation_n etc._n etc._n page_n 444_o false_a speak_v to_o infant_n and_o madman_n no_o lie_n page_n 442_o falsehood_n of_o joseph_n and_o the_o simulation_n of_o solomon_n not_o fraud_n page_n 443_o falsehood_n may_v be_v sometime_o expedient_a for_o the_o common_a safety_n ibid._n false_a prophet_n page_n 392_o fate_n how_o understand_v in_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 472_o 473_o father_n of_o a_o family_n what_o it_o signify_v page_n 521_o father_n have_v as_o much_o power_n over_o their_o child_n as_o over_o slave_n page_n 104_o the_o father_n the_o more_o ancient_a the_o more_o authoritative_a pref._n nineteeen_o in_o they_o three_o thing_n observable_a page_n 25_o 26_o etc._n etc._n a_o father_n when_o he_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v his_o son_n 104._o forfeit_v his_o estate_n his_o child_n may_v be_v say_v to_o suffer_v but_o not_o to_o be_v punish_v page_n 400_o fear_v uncertain_a no_o ground_n of_o war_n page_n 71_o 406_o where_o the_o fear_n of_o loss_n be_v great_a than_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n none_o will_v adventure_v page_n 419_o by_o the_o fear_n of_o war_n what_o be_v gain_v can_v be_v recall_v yet_o from_o a_o thief_n it_o may_v if_o not_o bind_v by_o oath_n ibid._n fee-farm_n and_o copyhold_n why_o first_o grant_v 129._o this_o do_v first_o by_o the_o german_n page_n 38_o ferus_fw-la and_o erasmus_n great_a lover_n of_o peace_n pref._n twelve_o their_o opinion_n concern_v war_n refute_v ibid._n feud_n 51._o empire_n may_v be_v so_o hold_v from_o another_o it_o imply_v obligation_n personal_a or_o real_a but_o take_v away_o no_o right_n of_o empire_n or_o dominion_n page_n 52_o to_o fight_n for_o pay_v only_o unlawful_a but_o to_o receive_v pay_n be_v lawful_o call_v to_o fight_v lawful_a page_n 426_o no_o fight_v against_o famine_n page_n 420_o fire_v of_o house_n in_o war_n lawful_a page_n 434_o fish_n in_o pond_n deer_n in_o park_n hold_v in_o propriety_n page_n 135_o fish_n and_o fowl_n though_o natural_o common_a yet_o may_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n or_o water_n forbid_v their_o take_a page_n 81_o flight_n from_o persecution_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 61_o by_o flight_n they_o that_o will_v save_v themselves_o in_o a_o siege_n by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n may_v page_n 508_o force_n to_o repel_v with_o force_n natural_o lawful_a 14._o not_o all_o unjust_a 12_o 13._o force_v for_o punishment_n lawful_a page_n 434_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n to_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o possession_n what_o it_o signify_v page_n 196_o the_o form_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n how_o change_v 540._o of_o denounce_v of_o war_n page_n 70_o 71_o foreigner_n compare_v with_o a_o proselyte_n how_o they_o differ_v page_n 8_o fort_n of_o friend_n weak_o guard_v may_v to_o prevent_v danger_n to_o ourselves_o be_v surprise_v by_o we_o page_n 82_o frailty_n humane_a and_o fortune_n instability_n great_a motive_n to_o clemency_n page_n 504_o frater_fw-la quasi_fw-la fere_n alter_fw-la page_n 417_o fraud_n consist_v in_o act_n negative_a or_o positive_a 438._o whether_o in_o war_n lawful_a 337._o in_o its_o positive_a act_n distinguish_v if_o by_o act_n into_o simulation_n if_o in_o word_n into_o a_o lie_n page_n 338_o a_o free-pass_a how_o to_o be_v interpret_v 560._o it_o extend_v to_o person_n good_n and_o attendant_n page_v 561_o freedom_n be_v either_o personal_a or_o civil_a page_n 42_o a_o free-pass_a dye_n with_o he_o that_o give_v it_o 561._o if_o during_o pleasure_n only_o how_o to_o be_v understand_v ibid._n a_o free-state_n if_o power_n over_o its_o subject_n page_n 201_o a_o free_a nation_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o another_o page_n 49_o french_a kingdom_n ancient_o elective_a 144._o their_o custom_n to_o avoid_v civil_a war_n 414._o distinct_a from_o the_o roman_n 144._o divide_v into_o eastern_a and_o western_a ibid._n their_o succession_n agnatical_a 130._o their_o custom_n concern_v captive_n page_v 484_o friend_n to_o be_v assist_v if_o with_o
politic_a 377._o not_o punishable_a for_o their_o subject_n crime_n but_o for_o neglect_v of_o their_o own_o duty_n 393_o 394._o their_o oath_n may_v strengthen_v their_o power_n not_o lessen_v their_o supremacy_n page_n 44_o 45_o king_n vanquish_v what_o they_o have_v be_v the_o conqueror_n 479._o whether_o to_o be_v spare_v page_n 502_o 503_o king_n war_a for_o punishment_n bind_v to_o repair_v their_o subject_n loss_n page_n 420_o king_n though_o conquer_v yet_o substitute_v under_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o general_a care_n of_o humane_a society_n page_n 388_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o law_n and_o when_o page_n 177_o the_o king_n a_o minor_a mad_a a_o captive_n in_o who_o the_o power_n to_o make_v peace_n be_v page_n 544_o a_o king_n not_o reign_v by_o full_a right_n his_o act_n may_v be_v null_v by_o the_o people_n law_n page_n 176_o a_o king_n who_o pay_v not_o his_o army_n be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o wrong_n do_v by_o it_o page_n 533_o a_o king_n murder_v nothing_o ensue_v but_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n page_n 65_o a_o king_n may_v claim_v relief_n by_o the_o law_n against_o such_o private_a act_n of_o his_o as_o be_v occasion_v by_o fraud_n fear_n error_n and_o against_o extortion_n page_n 176_o a_o good_a king_n respect_v what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v not_o what_o he_o may_v do_v page_n 46_o king_n of_o persia_n absolute_a yet_o swear_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o law_n page_n 45_o king_n falsify_v their_o oath_n judge_v after_o death_n ibid._n king_n of_o israel_n punish_v beat_v with_o rod_n 47._o in_o some_o case_n have_v not_o right_o to_o judge_v ibid._n kingly_a government_n assert_v by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 18_o kingdom_n absolute_a 38._o mix_v between_o monarchy_n and_o principality_n 47_o 48._o patrimonial_a if_o indivisible_a due_a to_o the_o elder_a son_n page_n 127_o kingdom_n transfer_v by_o the_o people_n be_v inheritance_n yet_o separable_a from_o other_o nor_o liable_a to_o debt_n ibid._n in_o what_o case_n alienable_a not_o possess_v in_o full_a right_n not_o alienable_a without_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 44._o kingdom_n and_o principality_n promiscuous_o use_v page_n 41_o kingdom_n transfer_v by_o the_o people_n if_o in_o doubt_n individual_a and_o to_o descend_v rather_o to_o male_n than_o female_n 128._o more_o difficult_o keep_v than_o conquer_v 526._o how_o divide_v 143._o some_o hold_v during_o the_o people_n pleasure_n 42._o bound_a some_o by_o natural_a some_o by_o artificial_a bound_n page_n 94_o 137_o kingdom_n hold_v by_o a_o right_a usufructuary_n other_o by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n and_o so_o alienable_a page_n 42_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v descend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v near_o to_o the_o first_o king_n page_n 127_o king_n absolute_a accountable_a to_o none_o 39_o have_v a_o right_n from_o god_n to_o command_v subject_n to_o obey_v 54._o of_o judah_n can_v not_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n but_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n may_v unless_o in_o some_o case_n page_n 63_o king_n govern_v not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o law_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o the_o public_a good_a page_n 38_o 39_o king_n in_o their_o private_a concern_v submit_v their_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o they_o themselves_o make_v page_n 50_o l._n lacedæmonians_n prefer_v the_o son_n bear_v after_o the_o father_n be_v king_n before_o he_o bear_v before_o 132._o they_o use_v more_o craft_n than_o force_n in_o their_o war_n 437._o their_o custom_n concern_v land_n take_v page_n 410_o levinus_n his_o advice_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n page_n 56_o land_n take_v in_o war_n be_v his_o that_o maintain_v it_o 472._o when_o say_v to_o be_v gain_v 470._o may_v be_v sell_v the_o measure_n name_v and_o yet_o not_o according_a to_o that_o measure_n page_n 137_o land_n some_o divide_a and_o artificial_o fence_v some_o assign_v by_o measure_n and_o some_o arcifinious_a page_n 94_o land_n if_o in_o doubt_v not_o judge_v arcifinious_a ibid._n now_o find_v if_o prepossess_v no_o ground_n of_o war_n if_o drown_v where_o presume_v to_o be_v desert_v page_n 137_o land_n drown_v natural_o not_o lose_v ibid._n gain_v by_o war_n several_a way_n dispose_v yet_o always_o as_o the_o people_n order_v 472._o recover_v by_o postliminy_n page_n 491_o humane_a law_n may_v ordain_v thing_n preternatural_a but_o not_o thing_n against_o nature_n page_n 81_o 89_o a_o lawmaker_n may_v take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o particular_a act_n or_o person_n page_n 376_o 377_o law_n what_o 4._o of_o nature_n what_o it_o be_v ibid._n from_o whence_o pref._n v._o in_o some_o sense_n the_o law_n of_o god_n vi_fw-la not_o alterable_a by_o god_n himself_o 5._o distinguish_v into_o that_o which_o be_v so_o pure_o and_o that_o which_o be_v so_o for_o some_o certain_a state_n page_n 140_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n carnal_o and_o spiritual_o page_v 17_o law_n ceremonial_a and_o judicial_a when_o and_o how_o take_v away_o 19_o moysaicall_a have_v neither_o first_o nor_o last_o page_n 110_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n take_v place_n where_o the_o civil_a can_v be_v exercise_v page_n 368_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n explain_v by_o those_o give_v by_o god_n pref._n vi_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o distinguish_v from_o other_o pref._n fourteen_o nothing_o in_o the_o old_a law_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o xviii_o it_o have_v sometime_o some_o show_n of_o change_n pref._n ix_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n violate_v every_o prince_n may_v make_v war_n page_n 384_o every_o man_n take_v that_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o first_o imbibe_v page_n 385_o the_o law_n do_v not_o always_o null_a what_o it_o for_o bid_v 37._o of_o tithe_n and_o the_o sabbath_n how_o oblige_v christian_n page_n 10_o a_o law_n imply_v every_o man_n express_a conseâ—t_n 517._o ground_v upon_o presumption_n of_o a_o fact_n never_o do_v oblige_v not_o page_n 152_o 153_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n for_o land_n drown_v page_n 137_o the_o roman_a law_n concern_v such_o contract_n wherein_o the_o inequality_n be_v above_o half_a the_o value_n page_n 160_o 161_o the_o law_n in_o permit_v a_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n whether_o it_o free_v the_o conscience_n page_n 76_o 373_o 374_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v forbid_v what_o natural_o be_v lawful_a page_n 81_o the_o law_n of_o vsucapion_n whether_o it_o extend_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n 101._o or_o to_o its_o part_n ibid._n the_o universal_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n particular_o fail_v in_o any_o one_o fact_n the_o law_n may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 153_o 377_o how_o far_o a_o lawmaker_n oblige_v himself_o page_n 377_o etc._n etc._n hebrew_n law_n forbid_v polygamy_n and_o divorce_n page_n 105_o 106_o what_o law_n oblige_v page_n 530_o the_o hebrew_n law_n copy_n for_o christian_n except_o in_o three_o case_n page_n 10_o law_n and_o contract_n how_o they_o differ_v 178._o not_o all_o oblige_a 178_o 179._o common_a agreement_n among_o the_o people_n 150_o 151._o some_o very_a unjust_a page_n 121_o law_n adjudge_v criminal_n to_o death_n to_o be_v favourable_o interpret_v 59_o the_o divine_a law_n judge_v to_o death_n have_v sometime_o tacit_a exception_n ibid._n law_n respect_v that_o which_o be_v general_o profitable_a 56._o some_o may_v be_v make_v decree_a when_v and_o how_o the_o supreme_a shall_v be_v lose_v page_n 101_o law_n concern_v thing_n promise_v oblige_v 152._o judge_v to_o death_n the_o relation_n of_o criminal_a malefactor_n unjust_a page_n 403_o law_n civil_a concern_v the_o promise_n of_o minor_n page_v 152_o law_n pinnacle_n the_o hand_n philosophy_n the_o mind_n 160._o respect_n not_o small_a cheat_n and_o why_o ibid._n diverse_a concern_v buy_v and_o sell_v page_n 161_o law_n divine_a voluntary_a how_o different_a from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 7._o it_o oblige_v before_o it_o be_v write_v 8._o civil_a what_o 7._o whence_o pref._n seven_o ceremonial_a when_o abrogate_a and_o the_o judicial_a when_o page_n 9_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n oblige_v not_o stranger_n 8._o to_o the_o mos_n call_v law_n the_o israelite_n only_o stand_v oblige_v but_o to_o that_o of_o circumcision_n all_o abraham_n posterity_n page_n 9_o law_n have_v two_o part_n directive_n to_o king_n and_o coercive_a to_o subject_n page_n 39_o law_n give_v by_o god_n three_o time_n to_o adam_n noah_n christ_n 8._o the_o old_a not_o useless_a by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o new_a pref._n xviii_o law_n shall_v command_v thing_n possible_a 375._o give_v testimony_n of_o their_o integrity_n page_n 430_o law_n differ_v from_o counsel_n and_o how_o 3_o 4._o and_o from_o permission_n and_o how_o page_n 4._o a_o law_n make_v against_o murderer_n by_o force_n and_o arm_n judge_v all_o
sort_n of_o murderer_n page_n 196_o 197_o law_n guide_v to_o wisdom_n pref._n ix_o law_n may_v so_o far_o proceed_v against_o a_o king_n as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o not_o to_o compel_v he_o page_n 177_o 178_o contrary_a to_o law_n thing_n do_v not_o null_v unless_o so_o express_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o page_n 147_o law_n bound_v not_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n page_n 567_o law_n make_v to_o avoid_v great_a mischief_n only_o must_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o to_o make_v that_o sinful_a which_o be_v otherwise_o lawful_a page_n 483_o law_n without_o a_o coercive_a power_n external_o weak_a pref._n ix_o law_n and_o arm_n oppose_v pref._n two_o the_o six_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n what_o page_n 8_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n where_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n or_o equity_n page_n 196_o humane_a law_n to_o be_v interpret_v with_o some_o allowance_n for_o humane_a frailty_n page_n 59_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v the_o offence_n 380._o of_o moses_n erroneous_o quote_v for_o that_o of_o nature_n pref._n xviii_o without_o law_n no_o community_n can_v consist_v pref._n ix_o law_n humane_a depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o maker_n for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 21_o 22_o law_n may_v bind_v as_o to_o humane_a judgement_n that_o bound_v not_o the_o conscience_n 483._o nor_o bind_v long_o than_o the_o coercive_a power_n last_v ibid._n severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n page_n 61_o law_n command_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o permit_v and_o those_o that_o forbid_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o command_v page_n 199_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o law_n particular_o fail_v shall_v not_o exempt_v that_o case_n from_o the_o law_n but_o it_o may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 35_o lawful_a take_v either_o for_o that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a or_o for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 456_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o beneficial_a pref._n ix_o it_o be_v like_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n page_n 451_o humane_a law_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n both_o for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 377_o a_o league_n what_o 181._o when_o say_v to_o be_v renew_v 187._o void_a if_o by_o either_o break_a ibid._n of_o league_n the_o ancient_a to_o be_v prefer_v ibid._n that_o make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n real_a ibid._n that_o with_o a_o king_n not_o always_o personal_a ibid._n a_o league_n hold_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o exile_v his_o kingdom_n but_o not_o with_o a_o usurper_n page_n 195_o league_n equal_a or_o unequal_a page_n 183_o league_n how_o they_o differ_v from_o sponsion_n ibid._n league_n unequal_a 48_o 183_o 184._o give_v no_o jurisdiction_n proper_o page_n 49_o in_o unequal_a league_n king_n or_o people_n may_v be_v equal_a in_o freedom_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n ibid._n in_o league_n who_o be_v superior_a page_n 49_o 50_o league_n some_o require_v exact_a natural_a right_n only_o and_o why_o 182._o its_o breach_n be_v a_o matter_n odious_a page_n 193_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n may_v be_v say_v in_o some_o thing_n to_o command_v page_n 49_o 50_o in_o leaugues_n unequal_a the_o danger_n whence_o page_n 51_o league_n unequal_a contract_v sometime_o where_o no_o war_n be_v 184._o whether_o to_o be_v make_v with_o man_n of_o different_a religion_n ibid._n this_o prove_v by_o experience_n 185_o 186._o some_o caution_n page_n 186_o league_n forbid_v to_o be_v make_v with_o some_o nation_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o of_o league_n some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o personal_a some_o real_a page_n 195_o league_n of_o peace_n and_o society_n these_o either_o for_o commerce_n or_o war_n page_n 182_o 183_o whether_o they_o that_o be_v unequal_o league_v have_v the_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o league_n divide_v page_n 182_o a_o league_n for_o a_o set_a time_n not_o by_o silence_n renew_v page_n 187_o no_o league_n bind_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 186_o no_o breach_n of_o league_n to_o defend_v the_o injure_a party_n if_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o peace_n be_v keep_v page_n 194_o league_n never_o make_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 181_o league_n of_o joshua_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n 169_o he_o may_v not_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o canaanite_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o in_o league_n word_n of_o art_n interpret_v according_a to_o art_n 191._o the_o strong_a give_v the_o great_a power_n the_o weak_a the_o great_a honour_n 49_o 50._o this_o article_n not_o to_o make_v war_n without_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o offensive_a war_n only_a page_n 194_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n be_v real_a and_o bind_v though_o they_o admit_v of_o king_n unless_o make_v with_o other_o free_a city_n to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n page_n 195_o the_o lenity_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n towards_o they_o that_o err_v in_o thing_n divine_a page_n 391_o letter_n of_o marque_n page_n 448_o liberty_n personal_a recover_v by_o postliminy_n 489._o or_o peace_n which_o to_o be_v prefer_v page_n 419_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o people_n what_o it_o signify_v 42_o 43_o etc._n etc._n of_o make_v war_n not_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v renounce_v page_n 193_o the_o liberty_n of_o subject_n oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o superior_n page_v 447_o liberty_n natural_a be_v to_o live_v where_o we_o listen_v page_n 115_o liberty_n the_o usual_a cloak_n of_o ambition_n page_n 65_o liberty_n lose_v to_o recover_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o liberty_n some_o leave_v the_o conquer_a may_v secure_v the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o life_n prefer_v before_o liberty_n page_n 419_o the_o lesser_a number_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o great_a not_o natural_a page_n 139_o long_a possession_n see_v possession_n lot_n sometime_o end_v a_o war_n page_n 551_o love_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o that_o of_o child_n towards_o parent_n page_n 123_o a_o lie_v strict_o take_v what_o 440._o forbid_a 439._o by_o some_o good_a author_n in_o some_o case_n approve_v 440._o a_o wholesome_a lie_n the_o jocular_a and_o charitable_a not_o much_o blame_v page_n 442_o 443_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n what_o 441._o whether_o natural_o unlawful_a ibid._n to_o lie_v and_o to_o tell_v a_o lie_n difference_v by_o gellius_n page_n 440_o lie_n our_o refuge_n in_o danger_n rahab_v lie_v page_n 443_o no_o lie_n if_o by_o a_o untruth_n speak_v by_o i_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v page_n 442_o of_o lie_n the_o schoolman_n admit_v not_o but_o they_o do_v of_o equivocation_n page_n 443_o 444_o a_o lie_n to_o preserve_v life_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 443_o to_o lie_n to_o a_o enemy_n lawful_a 439_o 443._o to_o be_v understand_v of_o word_n assertory_n not_o promissory_a 443_o 444._o yet_o not_o if_o bind_v by_o oath_n ibid._n from_o lie_v to_o abstain_v even_o to_o a_o enemy_n magnanimous_a page_n 444_o lie_v to_o be_v exclude_v in_o all_o contract_n in_o a_o market_n page_n 441_o to_o lie_n in_o time_n and_o place_n fit_v the_o part_n of_o stoical_a wisdom_n page_n 440_o lie_v ill_o become_v a_o prince_n 444._o fear_n and_o poverty_n make_v liar_n ibid._n for_o lie_v and_o perjury_n the_o punishment_n the_o same_o page_n 175_o it_o be_v no_o lie_n if_o in_o a_o amphibology_n our_o word_n agree_v with_o either_o sense_n though_o misunderstand_v page_n 440_o m._n maccabee_n resistance_n what_o page_n 60_o macedonian_n put_v all_o that_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o traitor_n to_o death_n page_n 403_o magistrate_n shall_v punish_v offender_n as_o parent_n do_v child_n page_n 417_o magistrate_n kill_v man_n be_v innocent_a but_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o be_v murderer_n 374._o whether_o they_o may_v remit_v punishment_n 375._o inferior_n must_v not_o resist_v the_o supreme_a 58._o why_o choose_v 376._o they_o must_v judge_v according_a to_o law_n but_o prince_n the_o law_n themselves_o page_n 377_o no_o magistrate_n choose_v without_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n page_n 65_o magistrate_n inferior_a may_v reduce_v rebel_n in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n page_n 35_o magistrate_n christian_n in_o st._n paul_n time_n page_n 18_o magistrate_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o resist_v their_o king_n though_o wicked_a 57_o in_o what_o case_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n of_o damage_n 203._o how_o far_o they_o may_v oblige_v citizen_n page_n 564_o magistrate_n not_o take_v caution_n from_o privateer_n whether_o oblige_v for_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v to_o their_o friend_n page_n 203_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o greek_n page_n 445_o mahometan_n hold_v a_o necessity_n of_o restitution_n page_n 495_o majesty_n take_v for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n govern_v 49._o what_o that_o
be_v ibid._n malefactor_n to_o be_v either_o punish_v deliver_v or_o banish_a page_n 398_o major_a part_n have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a page_n 40_o man_n make_v to_o do_v good_a pref._n four_o greedy_a of_o society_n iii._o eminent_o just_a a_o magistrate_n bear_v 369._o only_a capable_a of_o knowledge_n by_o general_a rule_n four_o bear_v naked_a other_o arm_v v._o all_o of_o one_o stock_n page_n seven_o man_n use_v man_n as_o instrument_n page_v 471_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 506_o in_o market_n nothing_o to_o be_v speak_v but_o truth_n page_n 441_o marriage_n what_o lawful_a 106._o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n not_o necessary_a ibid._n of_o cousin_n german_n pref._n iii._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o 105._o with_o another_o wife_n void_a 107._o dissolve_v by_o captivity_n nor_o to_o be_v restore_v by_o postliminy_n 490._o under_o the_o law_n not_o undissolvable_a page_n 105_o in_o marriage_n the_o obligation_n be_v mutable_a ibid._n marriage_n though_o forbid_a to_o be_v make_v yet_o be_v make_v be_v not_o thereby_o null_v page_n 111_o 112_o matrimony_n wherein_o different_a from_o wedlock_n ibid._n to_o contract_v a_o common_a right_n 86._o to_o deny_v to_o stranger_n injurious_a to_o humane_a nature_n ibid._n yet_o be_v deny_v no_o just_a ground_n of_o war_n page_n 179_o in_o reference_n to_o marriage_n thing_n give_v alter_v not_o the_o property_n if_o it_o succeed_v not_o page_n 192_o the_o end_n of_o marriage_n be_v to_o know_v who_o the_o child_n be_v page_n 124_o marriage_n what_o justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 106._o why_o and_o by_o what_o law_n or_o custom_n forbid_v between_o kindred_n be_v difficult_a to_o prove_v 107._o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o grecian_a law_n in_o some_o case_n enjoin_v ibid._n in_o marriage_n more_o remote_a degree_n seem_v not_o forbid_v but_o among_o christian_n they_o be_v and_o why_o page_n 111_o marriage_n incestuous_a forbid_v by_o god_n to_o noah_n or_o adam_n page_n 109_o in_o marriage_n a_o son_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o choice_n page_n 107_o marriage_n concubinary_a what_o 125._o some_o amount_v to_o true_a marriage_n and_o when_o page_n 106_o 107_o marriage_n second_o in_o brabant_n page_n 125_o marriage_n rite_n among_o christian_n page_n 105_o marriage_n not_o to_o be_v contract_v with_o profane_a person_n page_n 186_o in_o some_o marriage_n the_o child_n shall_v not_o inherit_v page_n 124_o 125_o marriage_n with_o divers_a woman_n of_o old_a lawful_a 106._o between_o brother_n and_o sister_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v and_o whence_o unlawful_a page_n 108_o marriage_n to_o contract_n to_o who_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o liberty_n due_a page_n 86_o the_o measure_n whereby_o thing_n be_v natural_o value_v be_v their_o want_n page_n 161_o member_n to_o preserve_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v page_n 72_o memory_n of_o wrong_n do_v not_o to_o outlive_v they_o that_o do_v they_o page_n 400_o mercy_n in_o punish_v and_o cruelty_n in_o spare_v 3_o mitigate_a punishment_n as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o remission_n page_n 372_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o hebrew_n page_n 177_o to_o be_v merciful_a bring_v great_a advantage_n to_o a_o conqueror_n page_n 516_o may_v with_o right_n do_v wonder_n pref._n ix_o mildness_n of_o the_o father_n towards_o heretic_n page_n 391_o 392_o military_a discipline_n dear_a to_o the_o roman_n than_o their_o child_n page_n 491_o military_a oath_n page_n 28_o military_a act_n and_o order_n some_o repugnant_a to_o christianity_n page_n 26_o minor_n whether_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n page_n 152_o minor_a part_n not_o guilty_a if_o over-voted_n by_o the_o major_a page_n 399_o minos_n why_o hate_v pref._n x_o mischance_n mischief_n fault_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 500_o mix_v government_n gain_v by_o war_n page_n 486_o modesty_n sometime_o forbid_v what_o law_n permit_v page_n 494_o moderation_n as_o to_o the_o acquisition_n of_o empire_n 524_o 525._o in_o kill_a man_n 497_o 498._o in_o spoil_v thing_n useless_a in_o war_n page_n 516_o the_o moderation_n of_o scipio_n the_o african_a 481._o of_o antiochus_n page_n 100_o monogamy_n whether_o command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n only_o 105._o commend_v in_o the_o creation_n but_o polygamy_n not_o condemn_v page_n 106_o monopoly_n not_o all_o condemn_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 161_o to_o monopolise_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o nation_n which_o be_v not_o elsewhere_o to_o be_v find_v whether_o lawful_a page_n 87_o money_n whence_o it_o receive_v its_o value_n page_n 162_o moral_a duty_n more_o strict_o require_v by_o christ_n than_o moses_n page_n 10_o moses_n law_n pattern_n for_o christian_n unless_o in_o some_o case_n ibid._n mother_n bound_n to_o nourish_v their_o child_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a father_n page_n 123_o movable_n not_o capable_a of_o reception_n by_o postliminy_n page_n 492_o mountain_n dig_v through_o to_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n page_n 90_o multitude_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 509_o murderer_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o against_o enemy_n whether_o lawful_a 463._o see_v homicide_n mutius_n scaevola_n commend_v ibid._n mutual_a subjection_n of_o king_n and_o people_n refute_v page_n 41_o n._n nabide_v his_o controversy_n with_o the_o roman_n page_n 196_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o 174._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o ibid._n naucum_fw-la what_o ibid._n name_n of_o country_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v page_n 547_o nation_n may_v be_v equal_a in_o liberty_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n page_n 49_o nature_n first_o principle_n and_o what_o be_v consequent_a to_o they_o what_o page_n 11_o 12_o nature_n sometime_o take_v for_o custom_n page_n 163_o 164_o nature_n indulge_v many_o thing_n which_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n approve_v not_o page_n 90_o 91_o natural_a instinct_n common_a to_o man_n with_o beast_n make_v no_o distinct_a law_n page_n 7_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v know_v by_o that_o which_o be_v sound_a and_o perfect_a not_o from_o that_o which_o be_v corrupt_v page_n 108_o natural_a issue_n difference_v from_o that_o which_o be_v legitimate_a 124_o 125._o they_o may_v succeed_v their_o father_n unless_o some_o law_n hinder_v it_o ibid._n they_o may_v be_v adopt_v ibid._n not_o capable_a of_o that_o empire_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o people_n page_n 125_o natural_a some_o thing_n may_v be_v not_o simple_o but_o during_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v first_o in_o as_o deer_n fish_n page_n 135_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n lawful_a be_v so_o by_o god_n law_n page_n 74_o navigation_n a_o great_a help_n to_o humane_a society_n 84._o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n prohibit_v 94._o but_o this_o be_v by_o consent_n take_v not_o away_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o navigation_n ibid._n naval_a society_n page_n 163_o 164_o necessary_n to_o buy_v a_o common_a right_n unless_o they_o from_o who_o such_o thing_n be_v require_v do_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o page_n 86_o necessity_n know_v no_o law_n but_o that_o of_o nature_n 81_o 82_o 119._o it_o make_v what_o be_v proper_o we_o common_a 81._o yet_o under_o the_o condition_n of_o restore_v if_o able_a 82._o yet_o if_o that_o necessity_n be_v avoidable_a it_o justify_v not_o ibid._n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o like_a necessity_n in_o the_o right_a owner_n ibid._n if_o it_o justify_v not_o yet_o it_o extenuate_v page_n 501_o necessary_n to_o a_o lawful_a end_n be_v lawful_a page_n 434_o necessity_n what_o right_o it_o give_v to_o neuter_n page_n 531_o through_o necessity_n what_o be_v do_v break_v not_o the_o peace_n page_n 550_o neglect_v of_o punish_v punishable_a page_n 393_o neighbour_n who_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n and_o who_o by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 23_o neighbour_n power_n to_o diminish_v no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 76_o 77_o nephew_n from_o the_o first_o son_n prefer_v before_o the_o second_o son_n page_n 132_o whether_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_n from_o the_o daughter_n page_n 133_o to_o nephew_n be_v due_a aliment_n page_n 122_o 123_o neuter_n in_o war_n their_o duty_n 533._o nothing_o to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o without_o full_a satisfaction_n page_n 531_o ninus_n the_o first_o that_o make_v war_n to_o enlarge_v empire_n page_n 485_o 524_o nocent_o some_o to_o be_v spare_v for_o many_o innocent_n 434_o 504._o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o innocent_a page_n 363_o nocent_a he_o be_v not_o that_o punish_v nocent_o page_n 362_o o._n oath_n sacred_a among_o heathen_n 166._o may_v differ_v in_o form_n not_o in_o substance_n 171._o require_v great_a deliberation_n 167._o and_o great_a reverence_n 175._o so_o to_o
practice_n have_v over_o we_o to_o commend_v or_o discommend_v any_o thing_n to_o humane_a sense_n page_n 111_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o saint_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o christ_n precept_n page_v 25_o the_o six_o precept_n write_v to_o adam_n and_o noah_n page_n 110_o precept_n of_o christ_n for_o nonresistance_n in_o what_o sense_n page_n 33_o precept_n of_o the_o gospel_n whether_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 16_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n their_o order_n page_n 379_o prediction_n divine_a whether_o they_o confer_v a_o right_a page_n 411_o prayer_n and_o tear_n the_o best_a remedy_n against_o the_o tyranny_n of_o king_n page_n 47_o prey_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o greek_n roman_n french_a concern_v they_o 473_o 474._o sometime_o give_v to_o the_o soldier_n and_o why_o 475._o sometime_o to_o several_a use_n 477._o when_o this_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n begin_v 479._o it_o may_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 478_o sometime_o to_o subject_n and_o associate_n ibid._n the_o ten_o consecrate_v to_o god_n 468._o approve_a of_o by_o god_n page_n 468_o 469_o to_o prey_n upon_o stranger_n ancient_o lawful_a page_n 182_o after_o prey_n to_o hunt_v before_o the_o victory_n be_v assure_v dangerous_a page_n 479_o present_v government_n to_o obey_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a subject_a page_n 99_o preparation_n extraordinary_a for_o war_n a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 383_o price_n of_o thing_n whence_o page_n 204_o by_o prescription_n title_n to_o empire_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v 100_o 101._o yet_o not_o without_o some_o presumption_n of_o dereliction_n page_n 101_o prescription_n enforce_v by_o open_a hostility_n not_o good_a page_n 492_o by_o prescription_n may_v be_v lose_v what_o be_v separable_a from_o sovereignty_n 101._o whether_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o it_o ibid._n presumption_n sometime_o authoritative_a page_n 442_o priest_n not_o to_o be_v embroil_v in_o war_n 29._o exempt_v by_o the_o heathen_n 431._o to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n 505._o not_o to_o marry_v a_o woman_n divorce_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o whâ—re_a page_n 105_o prince_n to_o abstain_v from_o war_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o subject_n 418._o to_o regard_v their_o honour_n more_o than_o their_o power_n or_o profit_n ibid._n their_o life_n to_o be_v favourable_o censure_v 56._o not_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n 427._o their_o vice_n to_o be_v bear_v with_o patience_n 56._o may_v alienate_v the_o people_n money_n for_o the_o public_a good_n yet_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v give_v 179_o 180._o better_a to_o forego_v somewhat_o of_o their_o right_n than_o harrass_n their_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n page_n 99_o one_o prince_n may_v hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n and_o yet_o remain_v free_a and_o have_v supreme_a power_n page_n 66_o the_o prince_n elector_n consent_n include_v all_o the_o state_n in_o germany_n in_o any_o alienation_n page_n 119_o the_o prince_n of_o a_o free_a people_n may_v by_o force_n be_v restrain_v page_n 63_o a_o prince_n new_o make_v retain_v the_o same_o place_n which_o the_o people_n former_o do_v page_n 143_o principle_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o themselves_o manifest_a other_o by_o deduction_n page_n 385_o prisoner_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o a_o society_n 447._o release_v upon_o their_o promise_n to_o return_v whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v so_o page_n 567_o 568_o prisoner_n they_o be_v when_o carry_v into_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 470._o take_v by_o thief_n no_o slave_n page_n 451_o a_o prisoner_n release_v to_o release_v another_o he_o be_v dead_a be_v bind_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o ransom_n but_o not_o to_o return_v page_n 562_o a_o private_a man_n oblige_v himself_o to_o a_o enemy_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o against_o the_o commonwealth_n 566_o 567._o shall_v not_o attempt_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v the_o people_n page_n 66_o of_o private_a man_n kill_v their_o enemy_n example_n page_v 167_o 168_o etc._n etc._n whether_o for_o private_a christian_n to_o kill_v malefactor_n be_v lawful_a page_n 373_o a_o private_a man_n how_o far_o what_o he_o take_v he_o may_v make_v his_o own_o page_n 434_o 435_o private_a agreement_n with_o enemy_n when_o void_a and_o when_o oblige_a page_n 566_o 567_o a_o private_a cause_n in_o war_n may_v be_v join_v with_o a_o public_a page_n 66_o private_a man_n not_o engage_v natural_o for_o public_a debt_n far_o than_o proportion_n page_n 446_o private_a profit_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o public_a pref._n viij_o private_a man_n must_v be_v careful_a of_o themselves_o but_o prince_n of_o other_o page_n 495_o privilege_n how_o interpret_v 207_o 208._o which_o to_o be_v large_o interpret_v page_n 560_o prize_n see_v reprizal_n procreation_n beget_v a_o community_n in_o thing_n procreate_v page_n 138_o 139_o prodigal_a gift_n may_v be_v receive_v 154._o but_o when_o give_v by_o prince_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 180_o profit_n to_o procure_v to_o another_o to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o his_o no_o theft_n page_n 442_o profit_n common_a the_o ground_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n pref._n seven_o unnecessary_a no_o ground_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o prohibition_n do_v not_o always_o null_a the_o thing_n be_v do_v that_o be_v prohibit_v page_n 112_o promise_n all_o do_v not_o derogate_v from_o sovereign_a power_n 45._o to_o be_v bind_v they_o must_v be_v accept_v 155._o whether_o the_o acceptance_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n ibid._n promise_n natural_o debt_n 154._o make_v by_o another_o bind_v ibid._n when_o such_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 155_o a_o promise_v make_v whether_o revocable_a before_o accept_v or_o the_o person_n to_o who_o die_v before_o accept_v ibid._n a_o promise_n in_o itself_o invalid_a how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v good_a whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v be_v by_o another_o accept_v 56._o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o oblige_v ibid._n not_o to_o admit_v of_o this_o restriction_n thing_n remain_v as_o they_o be_v unless_o in_o one_o case_n 197._o make_v by_o oath_n bind_v not_o in_o two_o case_n 173._o some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o mix_a page_n 192._o promise_v that_o more_o damnify_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n the_o promise_a not_o to_o be_v perform_v when_o only_o true_a page_n 198_o in_o promise_v some_o case_n excuse_v the_o non-performance_n page_n 199_o promise_n to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o word_n then_o signify_v if_o no_o other_o conjecture_n hinder_v page_n 191_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o subject_n bind_v page_n 540_o promise_n natural_o may_v transfer_v a_o right_n 150._o make_v through_o error_n or_o misbelief_n not_o bind_v 566._o how_o far_o natural_o page_v 152_o a_o promise_n make_v not_o to_o sail_v or_o go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n not_o to_o take_v arm_n not_o to_o make_v a_o escape_n bind_v page_n 567_o promise_n confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n inviolable_a page_n 539._o the_o force_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 150_o to_o a_o promise_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v require_v in_o the_o promiser_n page_n 152_o a_o bare_a promise_n will_v bear_v no_o action_n ibid._n a_o promise_v call_v by_o the_o hebrew_n a_o bond_n and_o why_o ibid._n if_o rash_o make_v bind_v not_o ibid._n seldom_o make_v but_o to_o loss_n ibid._n promise_n transfer_v a_o right_o require_v some_o outward_a sign_n page_n 153_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n how_o far_o natural_o oblige_v 154._o bind_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a ibid._n to_o a_o promise_n when_o a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v page_n 156_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o some_o cause_n vicious_a oblige_v 154._o charge_v with_o somewhat_o beneficial_a to_o another_o how_o effectual_a page_n 156_o promise_n natural_o good_a sometime_o null_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 154_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o act_n of_o mercy_n gratitude_n etc._n etc._n oblige_v to_o ourselves_o but_o can_v be_v exact_v by_o law_n page_n 151_o prophecy_n none_n not_o yet_o fulfil_v can_v be_v understand_v but_o by_o the_o spirit_n of_o prophecy_n 409._o that_o of_o esay_n about_o the_o peaceableness_n of_o christ_n kingdom_n how_o understand_v page_n 20_o prophecy_n in_o expound_v caution_n to_o prince_n 409._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_v they_o no_o cause_n of_o war_n ibid._n proportion_n arithmetical_a and_o geometrical_a whether_o proper_o they_o distinguish_v between_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 396_o propriety_n its_o beginning_n and_o growth_n 78_o 80_o it_o come_v in_o 1._o by_o partition_n 2._o by_o occupancy_n 80._o it_o may_v be_v hold_v by_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n page_v 89_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n
may_v have_v 482_o 483._o to_o make_v be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 120._o they_o may_v be_v make_v by_o stranger_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n ibid._n by_o testament_n kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v be_v bequeath_v but_o other_o not_o but_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 43_o 44_o to_o hinder_v a_o man_n from_o make_v his_o testament_n oblige_v to_o satisfaction_n page_n 201_o thebaean_a legion_n page_n 62_o 93_o 428_o theseus_n the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n page_n 384_o theft_n prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 5._o in_o extreme_a necessity_n lawful_a with_o some_o condition_n 81_o 82._o nocturnal_a and_o diurnal_a the_o different_a punishment_n and_o why_o 74_o 75._o against_o it_o severe_a law_n sometime_o mitigate_v through_o charity_n page_n 75_o 76_o it_o be_v theft_n to_o require_v more_o or_o give_v less_o in_o measure_n weight_n or_o number_n than_o be_v contract_v for_o page_n 160_o theft_n not_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n 76._o nor_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v approve_v though_o tolerate_v ibid._n a_o thief_n nocturnal_a may_v be_v kill_v in_o what_o case_n 32_o 75._o to_o kill_v whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v only_o tolerate_v or_o justify_v page_n 76_o thief_n live_v not_o without_o law_n pref._n ix_o and_o pirate_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o no_o theft_n to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o another_o to_n procure_v he_o a_o great_a profit_n page_n 442_o thing_n thus_o stand_v how_o and_o when_o understand_v 151._o steal_a lose_v not_o their_o property_n 97._o that_o have_v no_o owner_n the_o german_n give_v their_o prince_n 135._o give_v as_o lose_v cease_v to_o be_v we_o 98._o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o though_o first_o take_v from_o friend_n 470_o 471._o take_v in_o a_o just_a war_n how_o far_a we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 468._o move_a and_o movable_a take_v by_o private_a act_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v lawful_a prize_n 472_o 473._o useless_a in_o war_n may_v be_v spare_v 514._o sacred_a and_o religious_a receive_v by_o postliminy_n 492._o not_o the_o enemy_n not_o gain_v by_o war_n 470_o etc._n etc._n to_o defend_v justify_v interfection_n natural_o 74._o how_o far_o lawful_a by_o the_o gospel_n 75._o twice_o sell_v who_o right_a be_v best_a page_n 161_o thing_n to_o restore_v take_v for_o any_o satisfaction_n as_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o understand_v for_o any_o injury_n 456._o lose_v not_o their_o dominion_n till_o within_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 492._o of_o enemy_n to_o spoil_v how_o far_o lawful_a page_n 411_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n what_o 99_o long_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o what_o force_n to_o prove_v dereliction_n page_n 98_o time_n and_o place_n of_o battle_n always_o proclaim_v page_n 445_o title_n none_o to_o be_v set_v on_o foot_n after_o four_o age_n 99_o 100_o to_o empire_n shall_v be_v fix_v 99_o original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o postact_n be_v make_v good_a how_o understand_v page_n 100_o 101_o toll_n for_o importation_n of_o good_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a 84_o 85._o for_o pass_a river_n and_o bridge_n ibid._n by_o sea_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v page_n 93_o to_o traffic_n a_o right_a common_a to_o all_o 86_o it_o unite_v country_n remote_a ibid._n to_o hinder_v it_o with_o such_o nation_n unjust_a page_n 84_o in_o traffic_n by_o company_n how_o the_o gain_n be_v divide_v page_n 164_o traitor_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassy_n 206._o against_o such_o and_o public_a enemy_n every_o man_n be_v a_o soldier_n 65_o 374._o to_o kill_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 462_o 463_o of_o treason_n against_o our_o country_n the_o danger_n not_o past_a a_o son_n may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n page_n 209_o to_o treason_n the_o next_o degree_n be_v to_o harbour_v traitor_n page_n 396_o traveller_n may_v for_o a_o while_n reside_v in_o any_o place_n page_n 85_o treasure_n find_v who_o it_o be_v 136._o the_o public_a not_o touch_v by_o mark_n antony_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n page_n 59_o treachery_n against_o robber_n and_o pirate_n when_o and_o why_o not_o punishable_a 463._o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n lawful_a unless_o by_o poison_n or_o private_a assasinatinn_n page_n 462_o tree_n of_o life_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 79_o tribunal_n want_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v place_n page_n 122_o tribune_n how_o make_v inviolable_a page_n 539_o tribute_n and_o tax_n due_a to_o king_n 3._o to_o maintain_v soldier_n page_n 20_o tributary_n associate_n page_v 57_o trifle_n not_o worth_a contend_v for_o page_z 21_o 22_o 23_o truce_n what_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n 557._o when_o it_o begin_v to_o oblige_v and_o when_o it_o end_v 558_o 559_o break_v on_o one_o side_n or_o end_v needs_o no_o indiction_n of_o war_n 558_o 560._o continue_v no_o place_n to_o be_v surprise_v nor_o receive_v that_o will_v revolt_v 559._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v within_o that_o time_n 559_o 560._o it_o may_v be_v make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n 565._o be_v end_v whether_o they_o that_o be_v forcible_o detain_v during_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o return_v page_n 559_o truth_n some_o easy_o assent_v unto_o other_o not_o but_o by_o three_o or_o four_o consequence_n page_n 385_o truth_n the_o same_o speak_v or_o swear_v page_n 175_o truth_n only_o to_o be_v speak_v in_o market_n page_n 441_o tyrant_n worse_o than_o hangman_n 426._o their_o scourge_n hercules_n 384_o with_o they_o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v if_o give_v as_o to_o such_o page_n 537_o 538_o v._n valentinian_n answer_n to_o his_o army_n page_n 40_o valour_n can_v prevail_v against_o nature_n nor_o dwell_v with_o famine_n page_n 119_o the_o valerian_n law_n in_o rome_n distinguish_v from_o solon_n in_o athens_n page_n 65_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o page_n 161_o the_o vanquish_a to_o be_v treat_v gentle_o 527._o which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o 1._o by_o mix_v they_o with_o the_o conqueror_n 525._o 2._o by_o take_v nothing_o from_o they_o but_o what_o disturb_v peace_n 524._o 3._o by_o leave_v they_o their_o own_o empire_n 525._o except_v some_o strong_a garrison_n 526._o 4._o permit_v their_o own_o law_n magistrate_n religion_n with_o caution_n for_o the_o true_a religion_n 527._o 5._o by_o impose_v some_o tribute_n on_o they_o 526._o or_o some_o part_n of_o their_o government_n page_n 525_o variety_n of_o manner_n occasion_v by_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o the_o element_n page_n 375_o venom_n to_o use_v unlawful_a in_o war_n page_n 461_o 462._o see_v poison_n veracity_n a_o guide_n to_o all_o virtue_n page_n 444_o virtue_n some_o require_v moderation_n of_o affection_n other_o not_o pref._n xvii_o what_o the_o law_n enjoin_v the_o gospel_n require_v in_o a_o large_a measure_n page_n 10_o vice_n what_o not_o to_o be_v punish_v 374._o of_o thing_n contract_v for_o to_o be_v make_v know_v and_o why_o page_n 159_o victor_n who_o 552._o his_o duty_n towards_o they_o that_o yield_v page_n 554_o victory_n disdain_v unless_o get_v by_o manhood_n 445_o sometime_o the_o gift_n of_o fortune_n and_o not_o always_o the_o reward_n of_o valour_n 504._o be_v assure_v to_o waste_v thing_n be_v madness_n 513._o gain_v by_o fraud_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o gain_v by_o force_n page_n 437_o 438_o virgin_n milesian_n page_n 218_o virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v themselves_o husband_n page_n 107_o visible_a what_o be_v not_o have_v no_o certain_a right_a page_n 100_o that_o universals_z have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v singular_n 113._o their_o debt_n how_o far_o they_o bound_v their_o member_n page_n 545_o unborn_a the_o right_o defend_v by_o law_n lose_v by_o prescription_n page_n 187_o uninhabited_a place_n be_v the_o first_o occupants_n page_n 85_o unjust_a that_o be_v which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 2_o unjust_o what_o be_v deny_v may_v just_o by_o war_n be_v take_v page_n 86_o unjust_a if_o the_o war_n be_v what_o ever_o be_v do_v in_o it_o be_v internal_o unjust_a page_n 495_o unjust_a war_n be_v no_o better_a than_o great_a robbery_n page_n 70_o to_o do_v unjust_a thing_n and_o to_o do_v unjust_o how_o distinguish_v page_n 428_o 429_o unlawful_a thing_n none_o to_o be_v urge_v unto_o page_n 446_o untruth_n whereby_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v no_o lie_n page_n 441_o unwilling_o what_o be_v do_v deserve_v pardon_n page_n 500_o vote_n in_o a_o society_n where_o divers_a claim_n unequal_a share_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o usurpation_n what_o 97._o of_o no_o force_n between_o king_n of_o divers_a nation_n ibid._n use_v common_a its_o authority_n in_o expound_v law_n page_n 25_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n natural_a page_n 78_o 79_o the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n consist_v in_o abuse_n
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n
proper_a to_o man_n do_v not_o constitute_v another_o distinct_a law_n xii_o how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v prove_v xiii_o the_o voluntary_a law_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a and_o that_o which_o be_v divine_a fourteen_o humane_a law_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a that_o which_o be_v more_o strict_a than_o civil_a and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o large_a which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o explain_v and_o how_o prove_v xv._o the_o divine_a law_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v universal_a and_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_o give_v to_o one_o only_a nation_n xvi_o that_o the_o law_n peculiar_o give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n do_v not_o oblige_v stranger_n xvii_o what_o argument_n christian_n may_v draw_v from_o the_o hebrew_n law_n and_o how_o i._o the_o order_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n all_o controversy_n between_o such_o as_o be_v not_o associate_v under_o one_o civil_a law_n as_o between_o those_o who_o never_o yet_o enter_v into_o any_o civil_a society_n or_o that_o be_v among_o themselves_o of_o several_a nation_n whether_o they_o be_v private_a subject_n or_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o sovereign_a power_n whether_o king_n nobles_z or_o free_a people_n all_o such_o controversy_n i_o say_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n either_o of_o peace_n or_o war._n but_o because_o the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v peace_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o controversy_n but_o may_v produce_v war_n therefore_o what_o difference_n soever_o do_v arise_v by_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v exact_o discuss_v that_o so_o war_n itself_o be_v due_o prosecute_v may_v lead_v we_o unto_o peace_n as_o to_o its_o proper_a end_n ii_o war_n define_v be_v therefore_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n it_o concern_v we_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o know_v what_o that_o war_n be_v whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v and_o then_o what_o that_o right_o be_v that_o we_o search_v for_o war_n as_o cicero_n define_v it_o be_v certatio_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o a_o debate_n by_o force_n but_o custom_n have_v translate_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n from_o the_o act_n itself_o to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o those_o that_o make_v war_n for_o as_o philo_n well_o observe_v they_o only_o be_v not_o enemy_n that_o be_v actual_o engage_v in_o battle_n whether_o at_o sea_n or_o land_n but_o they_o also_o that_o raise_v fort_n plant_v ordnance_n or_o such_o like_a engine_n of_o war_n on_o their_o wall_n or_o port_n though_o at_o present_a they_o fight_v not_o servius_n upon_o those_o word_n of_o virgil_n concern_v aeneas_n in_o war_n and_o arm_n none_o great_a be_v than_o he_o make_v this_o distinction_n by_o war_n we_o understand_v all_o consultation_n and_o preparation_n for_o war_n but_o by_o arm_n only_o the_o use_n or_o exercise_v of_o they_o therefore_o in_o another_o place_n he_o conclude_v that_o all_o that_o may_v be_v reckon_v a_o time_n of_o war_n wherein_o either_o thing_n necessary_a for_o fight_n be_v prepare_v or_o the_o fight_n itself_o last_o so_o that_o war_n may_v be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o state_n or_o condition_n of_o those_o that_o contend_v by_o force_n as_o such_o which_o general_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n comprehend_v all_o the_o kind_n of_o war_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v not_o exclude_v that_o which_o sometime_o happen_v between_o private_a person_n as_o duel_n or_o single_a combat_n which_o certain_o be_v precedent_n to_o those_o war_n that_o be_v public_a and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n may_v well_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o same_o proper_a name_n which_o sense_n the_o original_a word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v for_o from_o the_o old_a word_n duellum_fw-la be_v make_v this_o new_a word_n bellum_n as_o of_o duonus_n be_v make_v bonus_n and_o of_o duis_n bis._n now_o duellum_fw-la signify_v a_o contest_v between_o two_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n as_o we_o express_v peace_n by_o unity_n or_o as_o the_o greek_n do_v war_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o respect_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n that_o be_v engage_v in_o it_o as_o also_o they_o sometime_o do_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o respect_n of_o those_o direful_a effect_n that_o attend_v it_o now_o as_o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n will_v justify_v this_o large_a signification_n so_o will_v the_o common_a use_n thereof_o bear_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o word_n be_v take_v general_o for_o that_o contest_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v public_a i_o answer_v that_o this_o argue_v not_o that_o single_a combat_n may_v not_o be_v also_o so_o call_v for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v often_o peculiar_o adhere_v unto_o that_o of_o its_o species_n which_o be_v most_o excellent_a as_o to_o justice_n i_o do_v not_o admit_v of_o it_o in_o this_o definition_n because_o it_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_o and_o what_o war_n be_v so_o but_o that_o which_o we_o seek_v must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o concern_v which_o we_o seek_v iii_o right_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o action_n define_v and_o divide_v whereas_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n be_v the_o right_n of_o war_n we_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o understand_v what_o we_o say_v just_a now_o whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_a and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o it_o be_v in_o war_n that_o be_v just_a for_o we_o understand_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o word_n right_o that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o that_o also_o rather_o in_o the_o negative_a than_o in_o the_o positive_a sense_n so_o as_o we_o here_o term_v that_o just_a which_o be_v not_o unjust_a now_o that_o we_o account_v unjust_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rational_a society_n as_o for_o example_n to_o rob_v another_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o be_v as_o cicero_n observe_v contrary_a to_o nature_n which_o he_o thus_o prove_v if_o this_o say_v he_o be_v allow_v all_o society_n and_o communion_n between_o man_n will_v quick_o be_v dissolve_v so_o for_o one_o man_n to_o betray_v or_o deceive_v another_o be_v unjust_a as_o florentinus_n prove_v because_o it_o break_v that_o bond_n of_o alliance_n wherein_o nature_n have_v link_v together_o all_o mankind_n for_o mutual_a defence_n 32._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 32._o which_o seneca_n thus_o illustrates_n just_o as_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v equal_o solicitous_a one_o for_o another_o because_o in_o the_o preservation_n of_o each_o part_n consist_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o ought_v all_o man_n to_o forbear_v each_o other_o because_o they_o be_v bear_v for_o society_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o any_o society_n long_o to_o stand_v unless_o every_o part_n thereof_o be_v cherish_v and_o defend_v by_o the_o whole_a 48._o ep._n 48._o so_o in_o another_o place_n that_o society_n be_v faithful_o and_o religious_o to_o be_v preserve_v which_o so_o unite_v we_o one_o to_o another_o that_o we_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o whereunto_o all_o mankind_n have_v a_o common_a right_n but_o as_o of_o society_n some_o consist_v of_o person_n that_o be_v equal_a as_o that_o of_o brother_n of_o citizen_n of_o friend_n and_o ally_n and_o some_o consist_v of_o person_n that_o be_v unequal_a and_o these_o also_o vary_v according_a to_o their_o degree_n of_o excellency_n as_o that_o of_o parent_n and_o child_n of_o master_n and_o servant_n of_o king_n and_o their_o subject_n numa_n numa_n god_n and_o man_n for_o such_o a_o society_n there_o be_v if_o philo_n and_o plutarch_n deceive_v we_o not_o even_o so_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a respective_o for_o one_o thing_n may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o those_o that_o live_v together_o be_v equal_v and_o another_o one_o thing_n may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n govern_v and_o the_o person_n govern_v as_o such_o whereof_o this_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o right_n of_o ruler_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o equal_n iu._n right_o as_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n divide_v into_o faculty_n and_o fitness_n there_o be_v also_o another_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n right_o which_o though_o different_a from_o this_o do_v notwithstanding_o arise_v from_o it_o and_o respect_v the_o qualification_n of_o the_o person_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o signify_v a_o moral_a quality_n in_o any_o person_n sufficient_a to_o enable_v he_o just_o to_o have_v or_o to_o do_v something_o now_o this_o right_n
his_o gain_n but_o if_o the_o thing_n take_v away_o do_v perish_v than_o the_o value_n of_o it_o not_o to_o the_o high_a rate_n nor_o to_o the_o low_a but_o moderate_v among_o these_o we_o may_v also_o rank_a such_o as_o defraud_v prince_n of_o their_o lawful_a custom_n and_o contribution_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v they_o bind_v to_o reparation_n that_o have_v wrong_v other_o by_o either_o their_o unjust_a sentence_n or_o unjust_a accusation_n or_o by_o their_o false_a testimony_n xvii_o in_o he_o that_o by_o fear_n or_o fraud_n cause_v a_o promise_n as_o also_o he_o that_o shall_v either_o by_o fraud_n force_n or_o unjust_a fear_n urge_v a_o contract_n or_o a_o promise_n from_o any_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v reparation_n to_o the_o full_a for_o hereby_o he_o rob_v the_o man_n he_o deal_v with_o of_o a_o double_a right_n first_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n he_o have_v this_o right_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v deceive_v and_o then_o by_o the_o natural_a liberty_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v enforce_v or_o unjust_o affright_v and_o among_o these_o we_o may_v likewise_o range_v those_o that_o will_v not_o perform_v what_o by_o their_o office_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v without_o bribe_n xviii_o what_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v natural_o just_a but_o he_o that_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n why_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o force_n or_o fear_v compel_v have_v reason_n to_o blame_v himself_o for_o a_o involuntary_a act_n arise_v from_o a_o voluntary_a be_v natural_o reckon_v for_o a_o voluntary_a xix_o what_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o just_a but_o as_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n all_o war_n make_v and_o denounce_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n on_o both_o side_n be_v repute_v just_a as_o to_o to_o the_o external_a effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o so_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o such_o a_o war_n so_o far_o repute_v just_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v obtain_v thereby_o can_v be_v require_v back_o in_o which_o sense_n that_o distinction_n of_o cicero_n may_v be_v admit_v which_o he_o make_v between_o a_o enemy_n with_o who_o we_o enjoy_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n many_o common_a right_n and_o a_o thief_n or_o pirate_n for_o if_o these_o extort_v any_o thing_n from_o we_o by_o fear_n we_o may_v require_v it_o back_o unless_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n not_o to_o do_v it_o but_o so_o we_o can_v do_v from_o a_o enemy_n wherefore_o what_o polybius_n write_v concern_v the_o second_o punic_a war_n namely_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o make_v it_o because_o the_o roman_n by_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o another_o war_n against_o their_o seditious_a mercenary_n have_v enforce_v they_o from_o the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n and_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v indeed_o some_o show_n of_o equity_n but_o be_v not_o agreeable_a with_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o prove_v xx._n how_o far_o the_o civil_a power_n be_v bind_v by_o damage_n do_v by_o their_o subject_n king_n and_o magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o reparation_n if_o they_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o such_o remedy_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n to_o suppress_v they_o as_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o do_v for_o which_o neglect_n the_o scyrian_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o amphictyones_n i_o remember_v that_o this_o case_n be_v once_o propose_v among_o we_o when_o our_o estate_n have_v grant_v letter_n of_o mart_n against_o our_o enemy_n some_o of_o those_o to_o who_o these_o letter_n be_v grant_v abuse_v themselves_o and_o we_o have_v rob_v our_o friend_n and_o leave_v our_o country_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o though_o recall_v will_v not_o return_v whence_o arise_v this_o question_n whether_o our_o state_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n they_o by_o reason_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n grant_v they_o either_o because_o they_o make_v use_v of_o such_o wicked_a instrument_n or_o because_o they_o do_v not_o require_v from_o they_o sufficient_a caution_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o transgress_v their_o commission_n whereunto_o i_o give_v this_o answer_n that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o punish_v they_o be_v find_v or_o to_o deliver_v they_o up_o and_o beside_o to_o take_v care_n that_o reparation_n shall_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o delinquent_n case_n a_o judge_v case_n for_o that_o the_o state_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o depredation_n nor_o do_v they_o participate_v of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v forbid_v they_o by_o severe_a law_n to_o wrong_v their_o friend_n but_o to_o require_v caution_n from_o they_o they_o be_v not_o by_o any_o law_n oblige_v see_v that_o they_o may_v empower_v all_o their_o subject_n without_o any_o codicil_n to_o make_v what_o spoil_n they_o can_v of_o whatsoever_o be_v their_o enemy_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o do_v neither_o be_v this_o permission_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o their_o friend_n see_v that_o private_a man_n may_v arm_v their_o ship_n and_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n even_o without_o permission_n neither_o can_v they_o foresee_v that_o these_o man_n will_v prove_v wicked_a nor_o can_v they_o altogether_o avoid_v the_o make_v use_n of_o wicked_a man_n for_o than_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n neither_o if_o their_o soldier_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v injure_v their_o friend_n contrary_a to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n be_v they_o oblige_v to_o reparation_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o france_n and_o england_n yet_o in_o a_o league_n between_o francis_n de_fw-fr valois_n king_n of_o france_n and_z henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n 54._o herbert_n henry_n the_o 8._o page_n 54._o it_o be_v agree_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v depredation_n by_o sea_n that_o no_o merchant_n of_o either_o nation_n shall_v depart_v out_o of_o their_o port_n without_o give_v caution_n to_o their_o respective_a admiral_n that_o no_o wrong_a or_o molestation_n shall_v be_v do_v by_o sea_n to_o either_o of_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n which_o his_o servant_n shall_v without_o his_o fault_n and_o against_o his_o command_n do_v unto_o other_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o which_o this_o cause_n ought_v proper_o to_o be_v judge_v but_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o yet_o not_o in_o the_o general_n but_o as_o it_o be_v introduce_v for_o some_o particular_a reason_n against_o mariner_n and_o some_o other_o and_o thus_o have_v this_o case_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o supreme_a assembly_n against_o certain_a pomeranian_o and_o that_o according_a to_o precedent_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n two_o age_n before_o xxi_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o beast_n that_o hurt_v his_o neighbour_n not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o be_v worthy_a our_o observation_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o we_o deliver_v up_o our_o beast_n or_o bondslave_n to_o punishment_n which_o have_v endamage_v our_o neighbour_n for_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v innocent_a be_v natural_o bind_v to_o nothing_o as_o neither_o be_v he_o who_o ship_n without_o his_o fault_n fall_v foul_a and_o hurt_v another_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o such_o damage_n be_v usual_o divide_v between_o both_o because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v prove_v xxii_o the_o damage_n against_o a_o man_n honour_n how_o to_o be_v tepair_v but_o the_o wound_n we_o receive_v in_o our_o honour_n or_o fame_n as_o by_o stripe_n reproach_n curse_n and_o such_o like_a must_v have_v their_o proper_a cure_n and_o in_o these_o no_o less_o than_o in_o theft_n and_o other_o crime_n the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v discern_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o in_o those_o our_o reparation_n consist_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o thief_n so_o in_o this_o the_o damage_n we_o sustain_v be_v repair_v by_o confession_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o by_o exhibit_v all_o due_a honour_n to_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v and_o the_o public_a testimony_n give_v both_o of_o his_o innocency_n and_o our_o own_o repentance_n and_o such_o like_a mean_n although_o the_o offender_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v punish_v in_o his_o purse_n if_o the_o injure_a person_n desire_v it_o because_o money_n be_v the_o common_a standard_n whereby_o all_o thing_n tend_v to_o profit_n be_v measure_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n i._o there_o be_v some_o
obligation_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n ii_o among_o who_o this_o right_n take_v place_n iii_o whether_o a_o embassage_n be_v always_o to_o be_v admit_v iv_o against_o such_o ambassador_n as_o endeavour_v to_o raise_v sedition_n our_o defence_n be_v lawful_a but_o not_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n v._o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o the_o right_n of_o a_o embassage_n to_o who_o the_o ambassador_n be_v not_o send_v vi_o a_o enemy_n be_v bind_v if_o the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o vii_o ambassador_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n viii_o the_o right_n due_a to_o ambassador_n be_v due_a also_o to_o their_o companion_n and_o follower_n if_o the_o ambassador_n please_v ix_o and_o to_o their_o movable_a good_n x._o example_n of_o obligation_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o enforce_v xi_o how_o far_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n this_o right_n of_o embassage_n be_v in_o esteem_n i._o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n we_o have_v hitherto_o discourse_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o intersert_v some_o few_o thing_n which_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v supperad_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o come_v to_o such_o obligation_n as_o the_o very_a voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v of_o itself_o introduce_v whereof_o the_o chief_a head_n be_v of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n we_o have_v in_o all_o history_n mention_v make_v of_o the_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a right_n of_o embassage_n of_o the_o sanctimony_n of_o ambassador_n the_o right_n of_o nation_n peculiar_o due_a unto_o they_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n sacred_a among_o all_o nation_n sanctum_fw-la populis_fw-la per_fw-la saecula_fw-la nomen_fw-la age_n and_o nation_n do_v this_o name_n revere_a say_v papinius_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v strike_v a_o ambassador_n though_o send_v from_o a_o enemy_n he_o be_v say_v to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n because_o ambassador_n be_v account_v sacred_a say_v pomponius_n and_o therefore_o if_o whilst_o a_o ambassador_n from_o any_o nation_n legationibus_fw-la i._o si_fw-la quis_fw-la d._n de_fw-fr legationibus_fw-la be_v resident_a with_o we_o war_n be_v denounce_v against_o they_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v remain_v with_o we_o quintus_fw-la mucius_n will_v have_v he_o that_o presume_v to_o strike_v a_o ambassador_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o that_o enemy_n who_o ambassador_n he_o be_v 15._o ant._n lib._n 15._o josephus_n also_o high_o extol_v the_o sacred_a privilege_n of_o ambassador_n who_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o same_o name_n and_o title_n as_o be_v the_o angel_n who_o be_v god_n ambassador_n corpora_fw-la legatorum_fw-la sancta_fw-la the_o person_n of_o legate_n say_v varro_n be_v holy_a 3._o varro_n 3._o so_o likewise_o cicero_n the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n be_v guard_v by_o all_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o very_a name_n be_v so_o venerable_a that_o it_o secure_v their_o person_n not_o only_o among_o the_o law_n of_o their_o friend_n but_o among_o the_o very_a weapon_n of_o their_o enemy_n wherefore_o to_o violate_v this_o right_n be_v not_o unjust_a only_o but_o impious_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o plutarch_n call_v it_o 15._o vit._n aemil._n ant._n lib._n 15._o wherewith_o accord_v that_o also_o of_o josephus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o ambassador_n be_v so_o sacred_a that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o reconcile_v one_o enemy_n to_o another_o for_o what_o can_v argue_v more_o impiety_n than_o to_o kill_v ambassador_n intercede_v for_o peace_n and_o to_o speak_v general_o say_v totilas_n 3._o procop._n goth._n 3._o ambassador_n be_v reverence_v among_o all_o nation_n though_o barbarous_a and_o good_a reason_n for_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o war_n they_o be_v the_o sole_a mediator_n for_o peace_n and_o he_o that_o assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ambassador_n do_v for_o that_o time_n put_v off_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o enemy_n ii_o among_o who_o this_o right_n take_v place_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n know_v that_o this_o right_n of_o nation_n whatever_o it_o be_v belong_v to_o such_o legate_n only_o who_o be_v send_v by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o both_o nation_n between_o themselves_o for_o such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o province_n particular_a city_n or_o other_o subordinate_a power_n be_v govern_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v between_o diverse_a people_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o ambassador_n in_o livy_n call_v himself_o the_o public_a messenger_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o roman_a senate_n declare_v that_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n be_v grant_v not_o to_o a_o citizen_n but_o to_o a_o foreigner_n and_o cicero_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o m._n anthony_n say_v non_fw-la enim_fw-la cum_fw-la hannibale_n res_fw-la est_fw-la host_n reipublicae_fw-la sed_fw-la cum_fw-la cive_z for_o we_o have_v not_o now_o to_o do_v with_o hannibal_n a_o public_a enemy_n but_o with_o a_o citizen_n and_o a_o subject_a now_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o foreigner_n virgil_n will_v inform_v we_o as_o well_o as_o any_o lawyer_n can_v do_v a_o foreign_a land_n be_v that_o as_o i_o suppose_v which_o be_v free_a to_o we_o no_o duty_n owe_v but_o they_o that_o be_v confederate_n though_o upon_o term_n very_o unequal_a yet_o because_o they_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la a_o free_a people_n have_v likewise_o this_o right_n of_o send_v embassage_n yea_o and_o they_o also_o that_o be_v partly_o subject_n and_o partly_o free_a for_o that_o part_n wherein_o they_o be_v free_a but_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v conquer_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o drive_v out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n do_v lose_v together_o with_o their_o other_o good_n this_o right_n of_o send_v ambassador_n and_o therefore_o do_v paulus_n aemilius_n have_v conquer_v perseus_n in_o open_a war_n detain_v the_o herald_n which_o he_o send_v unto_o he_o but_o yet_o in_o civil_a war_n necessity_n do_v sometime_o plead_v for_o the_o admittance_n of_o this_o right_n though_o irregular_a as_o namely_o when_o the_o people_n be_v so_o equal_o divide_v into_o part_n that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o judge_v in_o whether_o part_n consist_v the_o right_a of_o empire_n or_o when_o two_o person_n with_o very_a equal_a title_n contend_v for_o the_o succession_n for_o in_o this_o case_n one_o nation_n for_o that_o time_n may_v be_v account_v as_o two_o 3._o hist_o l._n 3._o thus_o be_v the_o flaviani_n accuse_v by_o tacitus_n that_o in_o their_o civil_a discord_n they_o have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n sacred_a even_o among_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o the_o vitellian_o and_o magnensius_fw-la in_o zosimus_n do_v long_o debate_v it_o in_o his_o mind_n 11._o zof_n l._n 11._o whether_o he_o shall_v dismiss_v philip_n who_o be_v send_v he_o on_o a_o embassy_n from_o constantine_n without_o answer_n or_o despise_v the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n detain_v he_o pirate_n and_o thief_n be_v enemy_n to_o civil_a society_n can_v have_v no_o benefit_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n spartactus_fw-la in_o appian_n offer_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o crassus_n but_o be_v reject_v with_o scorn_n and_o tiberius_n when_o tacfarinus_n send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o be_v high_o vex_v to_o see_v a_o traitor_n and_o a_o thief_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o tacitus_n yet_o sometime_o these_o also_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n upon_o their_o faith_n give_v as_o of_o old_a those_o fugitive_n civili_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la bello_fw-la civili_fw-la in_o the_o pyrenean_n wood_n be_v who_o caesar_n mention_n yet_o be_v this_o a_o particular_a indulgence_n give_v at_o that_o time_n by_o he_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o natition_n be_v not_o due_a nor_o aught_o to_o be_v give_v to_o subject_n iii_o whether_o a_o embassage_n be_v always_o to_o be_v admit_v there_o be_v a_o twofold_a right_o due_a to_o ambassador_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n first_o that_o they_o be_v admit_v second_o that_o they_o be_v not_o injure_v as_o concern_v the_o former_a livy_n bring_v in_o hanno_n inveigh_v against_o hannibal_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n thus_o our_o goodly_a general_n refuse_v to_o admit_v into_o his_o camp_n ambassador_n come_v from_o friend_n and_o for_o friend_n jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la sustulit_fw-la he_o have_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o notwithstanding_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v so_o large_o as_o if_o none_o shall_v be_v deny_v for_o a_o prince_n may_v deny_v a_o
but_o the_o fruit_n of_o our_o own_o choice_n nor_o that_o of_o lysias_n there_o be_v no_o man_n willing_o unfortunate_a but_o when_o a_o man_n be_v make_v miserable_a either_o by_o the_o undeserved_a malice_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o by_o some_o secret_a fate_n or_o some_o misfortune_n which_o can_v not_o be_v foresee_v than_o protection_n by_o foreign_a prince_n be_v a_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o frailty_n and_o inconstancy_n of_o our_o humane_a condition_n it_o be_v a_o sanction_n of_o the_o wise_a law_n that_o ever_o be_v 11.13_o deut._n 19.1_o 23.15_o exod._n 21.14_o 1_o king_n 2.29_o 2_o king_n 11.13_o that_o he_o that_o have_v accidental_o slay_v a_o man_n who_o he_o hate_v not_o in_o time_n past_a shall_v fly_v to_o one_o of_o the_o five_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o there_o be_v safe_a because_o that_o act_n as_o to_o the_o irregularity_n of_o it_o have_v not_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o his_o sin_n as_o his_o misfortune_n whereas_o the_o very_a horn_n of_o the_o altar_n can_v not_o secure_v he_o who_o out_o of_o premeditate_a malice_n have_v slay_v a_o innocent_a person_n or_o who_o out_o of_o a_o affectation_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n do_v attempt_v a_o innovation_n in_o the_o state_n which_o law_n philo_n explain_v say_v profanis_fw-la in_o fanum_fw-la nullum_fw-la esse_fw-la receptum_fw-la that_o no_o sanctuary_n can_v give_v protection_n to_o such_o unsanctified_a person_n 32._o quaest_n graec._n 32._o the_o like_a provision_n we_o find_v to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v the_o chalcidenses_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v up_o nauplius_n to_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v give_v because_o he_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v himself_o of_o the_o crime_n they_o object_v against_o he_o the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o this_o latter_a age_n for_o king_n pepin_n do_v receive_v into_o his_o protection_n and_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v up_o such_o as_o be_v tyrannical_o oppress_v flee_v out_o of_o normandy_n unto_o he_o yea_o and_o the_o emperor_n ludovicus_n pius_n receive_v those_o that_o flee_v unto_o he_o even_o from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o decree_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 817_o and_o insert_v in_o the_o second_o tome_n of_o the_o gallican_n council_n etc._n etc._n cicero_n pomponius_n and_o other_o relate_v that_o there_o be_v in_o athens_n a_o altar_n call_v ara_n misericordiae_fw-la the_o altar_n of_o mercy_n which_o the_o calamitous_a have_v sacred_a make_v say_v the_o poet_n and_o a_o little_a after_o where_o the_o exile_v and_o the_o vanquish_v seek_v for_o rest_n and_o king_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n dispossess_v that_o be_v all_o that_o be_v unfortunate_o distress_v the_o city_n athens_n as_o aristides_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o all_o other_o city_n the_o most_o ready_a to_o protect_v stranger_n and_o such_o as_o be_v through_o misfortune_n miserable_a and_o elsewhere_o this_o in_o that_o age_n be_v the_o common_a port_n or_o haven_n wherein_o all_o the_o wreck_n of_o fortune_n put_v in_o and_o find_v relief_n from_o what_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o for_o what_o cause_v soever_o they_o be_v distress_v hither_o they_o come_v and_o here_o they_o find_v succour_n and_o protection_n the_o like_a encomium_n mariana_n give_v of_o arragon_n the_o gepidae_n choose_v rather_o universal_o to_o perish_v 13._o lib._n 20._o c._n 13._o as_o procopius_n inform_v we_o than_o to_o deliver_v up_o ildigisale_n either_o to_o the_o roman_n 4._o goth._n 4._o or_o to_o the_o lombard_n sophocles_n in_o one_o of_o his_o tragedy_n bring_v in_o oedipus_n supplicate_v the_o athenian_n in_o these_o word_n ah_o man_n of_o athens_n i_o have_v suffer_v much_o suffer_v indeed_o for_o god_n my_o witness_n be_v that_o know_o i_o have_v not_o do_v amiss_o and_o theseus_n answer_v he_o thus_o such_o guest_n as_o thou_o at_o all_o time_n to_o defend_v o_o oedipus_n repent_v i_o never_o can_v till_o i_o forget_v myself_o to_o be_v a_o man_n and_o yet_o as_o high_o as_o these_o athenian_n delight_v to_o protect_v their_o suppliant_n who_o fortune_n and_o not_o wilfulness_n have_v make_v miserable_a they_o will_v not_o protect_v a_o know_a malefactor_n nor_o give_v that_o to_o vice_n that_o be_v due_a only_o to_o innocence_n witness_n that_o in_o the_o same_o tragedy_n hunc_fw-la qui_fw-la facinorum_fw-la conscius_fw-la nec_fw-la legibus_fw-la fidens_fw-la ad_fw-la arras_n volvitur_fw-la supplex_fw-la deûm_fw-la trahere_fw-la ad_fw-la tribunal_n nulla_fw-la relligio_fw-la mihi_fw-la mala_fw-la semper_fw-la aequum_fw-la far_o qui_fw-la fecit_fw-la male_a from_o sacred_a altar_n who_o to_o judgement_n draw_v a_o guilty_a traitor_n that_o distrust_v the_o law_n do_v nothing_o impious_a for_o just_a it_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v suffer_v who_o have_v do_v amiss_o so_o the_o same_o poet_n elsewhere_o non_fw-la enim_fw-la tangi_fw-la decet_fw-la manu_fw-la nocente_fw-la numina_fw-la at_o justum_fw-la fuit_fw-la piis_fw-la patere_fw-la templa_fw-la contra_fw-la injurias_fw-la with_o hand_n impure_a the_o god_n to_o supplicate_v indecent_a be_v yet_o shall_v the_o temple_n gate_n stand_v open_a for_o the_o oppress_v to_o enter_v at_o lycurgus_n the_o orator_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o one_o calistratus_n who_o have_v commit_v some_o heinous_a crime_n and_o consult_v the_o oracle_n about_o his_o safety_n receive_v this_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o will_v fly_v to_o athens_n he_o shall_v have_v right_o do_v he_o in_o hope_n of_o impunity_n he_o betake_v himself_o to_o that_o altar_n in_o athens_n which_o be_v hold_v the_o most_o sacred_a yet_o even_o from_o thence_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n so_o also_o be_v ferdinand_n lord_n high_a chamberlain_n of_o portugal_n force_v from_o the_o altar_n 21._o lib._n 21._o and_o burn_v for_o ravish_v a_o noble_a virgin_n as_o mariana_n record_v so_o religious_o do_v they_o distinguish_v between_o such_o as_o be_v criminous_a and_o such_o as_o be_v unfortunate_a tacitus_n condemn_v some_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n of_o superstition_n who_o think_v their_o god_n to_o be_v please_v with_o their_o protect_a of_o malefactor_n prince_n say_v he_o be_v like_o god_n for_o neither_o do_v the_o god_n themselves_o answer_v the_o supplication_n of_o the_o wicked_a 3._o ann._n lib._n 3._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o assure_v we_o neque_fw-la à _fw-la diis_fw-la nisi_fw-la justas_fw-la supplicum_fw-la preces_fw-la audiri_fw-la that_o the_o god_n never_o hear_v the_o supplication_n of_o man_n unless_o they_o be_v just_a such_o then_o as_o be_v notorious_o faulty_a be_v either_o to_o be_v deliver_v up_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o banish_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n from_o who_o they_o be_v demand_v 1._o lib._n 1._o thus_o do_v the_o cymaei_fw-la in_o herodotus_n who_o though_o they_o will_v not_o deliver_v up_o pactye_n the_o persian_a who_o notwithstanding_o they_o dare_v not_o keep_v yet_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v safe_a to_o both_o which_o be_v to_o suffer_v he_o to_o fly_v to_o mitylene_n thus_o perseus_n king_n of_o macedon_n in_o his_o apology_n to_o martius_n concern_v those_o that_o have_v betray_v eumenes_n plead_v thus_o as_o soon_o as_o upon_o your_o information_n i_o find_v these_o man_n in_o macedon_n i_o command_v they_o forthwith_o to_o depart_v my_o kingdom_n and_o have_v for_o ever_o interdict_v they_o my_o dominion_n thus_o do_v queen_n elizabeth_n answer_v the_o scot_n who_o demand_v bothwell_n 1593._o camden_n an._n 1593._o that_o she_o be_v ready_a either_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o or_o to_o banish_v he_o out_o of_o england_n yet_o do_v the_o european_a prince_n in_o most_o place_n at_o this_o day_n and_o in_o the_o age_n last_o pass_v connive_v at_o one_o another_o for_o the_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n or_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o some_o egregious_a crime_n for_o lesser_a crime_n they_o usual_o pass_v by_o unless_o they_o be_v direct_o except_v against_o in_o the_o article_n of_o any_o league_n as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o make_v between_o england_n and_o france_n wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o rebel_n and_o fugitive_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o and_o in_o that_o make_v with_o the_o burgundian_n wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v expel_v as_o camden_n testify_v 1600._o anno_fw-la 1600._o however_o this_o be_v worth_a our_o observation_n that_o notorious_a thief_n and_o pirate_n when_o through_o long_a and_o prosperous_a success_n they_o be_v become_v formidable_a to_o their_o neighbour_n may_v be_v protect_v as_o from_o punishment_n because_o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o common_a safety_n to_o withdraw_v such_o person_n from_o their_o wicked_a practice_n by_o hope_n of_o indemnity_n in_o case_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v do_v this_o therefore_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n may_v undertake_v to_o do_v vi_o yet_o may_v
zeldi_n as_o arrianus_n testify_v because_o they_o be_v enforce_v to_o take_v part_n against_o he_o with_o the_o barbarian_n and_o diodorus_n bring_v in_o nicolaus_n the_o syracusian_a thus_o plead_v for_o the_o captive_n they_o that_o be_v confederate_n with_o our_o enemy_n be_v by_o force_n drive_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o we_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o they_o that_o studious_o and_o industrious_o make_v war_n against_o we_o be_v severe_o punish_v so_o to_o pardon_v those_o who_o unwilling_o offend_v we_o be_v alike_o conscientious_a so_o antigonus_n allege_v 38._o lib._n 38._o that_o he_o make_v war_n indeed_o against_o cleomenes_n but_o not_o against_o the_o spartan_n as_o justine_n report_v it_o iu._n nor_o for_o a_o intermediate_v fault_n between_o fraud_n and_o misfortune_n this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o between_o a_o plain_a and_o manifest_a injury_n and_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o a_o mere_a mischance_n there_o intercede_v sometime_o something_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n as_o if_o participate_v somewhat_o of_o either_o so_o as_o the_o action_n be_v neither_o mere_o or_o altogether_o voluntary_a nor_o yet_o do_v mere_o through_o ignorance_n or_o against_o our_o will_n aristotle_n call_v these_o act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d slip_n or_o fail_n as_o the_o latin_n do_v trespass_n or_o offence_n of_o action_n say_v he_o that_o be_v spontaneous_a some_o be_v do_v deliberate_o other_o rash_o 10._o mor._n l._n 5._o c._n 10._o and_o without_o consideration_n now_o whereas_o in_o humane_a society_n injury_n may_v be_v do_v three_o several_a way_n those_o do_v mere_o through_o ignorance_n be_v call_v mischance_n as_o when_o a_o mischief_n light_v upon_o a_o man_n against_o who_o no_o hurt_n be_v ever_o intend_v as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o son_n by_o force_v open_a a_o door_n shall_v accidental_o wound_v his_o own_o father_n who_o he_o can_v not_o suspect_v to_o be_v behind_o or_o if_o a_o great_a hurt_n or_o damage_n befall_v a_o man_n than_o what_o be_v intend_v as_o if_o a_o fencer_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o skill_n and_o only_o intend_v to_o draw_v blood_n shall_v kill_v his_o adversary_n it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o mischance_n but_o not_o a_o mischief_n for_o whatsoever_o happen_v beside_o what_o a_o man_n propose_v to_o himself_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o misfortune_n for_o haply_o vellicare_fw-la voluit_fw-la non_fw-la vulnerare_fw-la he_o intend_v to_o beat_v he_o not_o to_o wound_v he_o or_o if_o he_o do_v intend_v to_o wound_v yet_o haply_o not_o this_o man_n but_o another_o or_o it_o may_v be_v not_o in_o that_o manner_n or_o in_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o if_o therefore_o any_o such_o hurt_n or_o damage_n do_v arise_v beside_o what_o be_v intend_v or_o may_v probable_o be_v expect_v it_o shall_v be_v esteem_v as_o a_o mischance_n not_o a_o mischief_n but_o second_o if_o the_o wrong_v do_v may_v have_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v though_o it_o be_v not_o do_v improbo_fw-la animo_fw-la with_o a_o wicked_a intention_n it_o shall_v be_v account_v as_o a_o fault_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o aristotle_n term_v it_o for_o culpae_fw-la affinis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o se_fw-la habet_fw-la agendi_fw-la principium_fw-la qui_fw-la vero_fw-la extra_fw-la infoelix_fw-la he_o must_v needs_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n or_o fault_n commit_v that_o act_n by_o a_o principle_n within_o he_o but_o he_o that_o be_v passive_a and_o overrule_v by_o something_o without_o he_o be_v unhappy_a but_o when_o a_o man_n do_v what_o he_o do_v know_o though_o not_o deliberate_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v as_o he_o that_o in_o a_o forest_n shoot_v at_o a_o deer_n but_o kill_v a_o man_n who_o he_o see_v not_o be_v unfortunate_a but_o he_o that_o discharge_v a_o musket_n in_o a_o populous_a street_n though_o with_o no_o mischievous_a intention_n yet_o if_o he_o kill_v a_o man_n he_o sin_n because_o he_o do_v it_o free_o and_o voluntary_o though_o not_o considerate_o as_o also_o they_o that_o through_o anger_n or_o any_o other_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n either_o natural_a or_o necessary_a shall_v hurt_v a_o man_n can_v be_v faultless_a and_o yet_o we_o can_v account_v they_o wicked_a or_o malicious_a but_o yet_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v know_o and_o premeditated_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n he_o may_v just_o be_v account_v wicked_a wherefore_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v through_o anger_n sudden_o may_v very_o well_o be_v say_v to_o be_v unadvised_o do_v arist_n non_fw-la incipit_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la ex_fw-la ira_fw-la quid_fw-la facit_fw-la sed_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la â—â—am_fw-la provocavit_fw-la arist_n for_o it_o be_v not_o he_o that_o do_v the_o wrong_n through_o anger_n that_o begin_v the_o fray_n but_o he_o that_o first_o provoke_v that_o anger_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o before_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n can_v be_v give_v the_o query_n be_v not_o so_o much_o after_o the_o fact_n as_o after_o the_o occasion_n namely_o who_o give_v it_o and_o how_o great_a the_o provocation_n be_v for_o anger_v usual_o arise_v from_o hence_o when_o a_o man_n think_v himself_o to_o be_v injure_v and_o therefore_o in_o such_o difference_n as_o do_v arise_v about_o wrong_v do_v through_o anger_n the_o question_n be_v not_o as_o in_o ordinary_a contract_n a_o hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la sit_fw-la whether_o do_v or_o not_o for_o therein_o unless_o excuse_v by_o forgetfulness_n one_o of_o the_o party_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unjust_a as_o namely_o he_o that_o fulfil_v not_o the_o contract_n but_o the_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o the_o wrong_v do_v be_v just_o do_v consider_v the_o provocation_n for_o he_o that_o first_o give_v the_o occasion_n do_v it_o know_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n then_o if_o the_o one_o party_n may_v think_v himself_o to_o be_v injure_v and_o the_o other_o not_o it_o may_v notwithstanding_o so_o happen_v that_o he_o that_o through_o anger_n do_v the_o wrong_n may_v be_v unjust_a if_o namely_o the_o revenge_n swell_v high_o than_o the_o provocation_n or_o the_o wrong_n we_o do_v bear_v not_o a_o just_a proportion_n with_o what_o we_o before_o suffer_v for_o iustùs_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la deliberatò_fw-la justè_fw-la agit_fw-fr he_o be_v a_o just_a man_n who_o know_o and_o deliberate_o do_v just_o for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n may_v do_v just_o know_o but_o not_o deliberate_o moreover_o of_o such_o wrong_n as_o be_v spontaneous_a some_o deserve_v pardon_n other_o not_z those_o injury_n be_v pardonable_a which_o be_v do_v not_o only_o by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v lawful_o do_v they_o but_o these_o also_o that_o be_v do_v through_o ignoranee_n that_o be_v when_o their_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o offence_n but_o if_o injury_n be_v commit_v by_o ignorant_a person_n but_o not_o through_o their_o ignorance_n but_o with_o such_o a_o affection_n of_o mind_n as_o exceed_v the_o common_a bound_n of_o humanity_n such_o offender_n deserve_v no_o pardon_n thus_o far_o aristotle_n who_o very_a word_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o great_a use_n i_o have_v therefore_o say_v grotius_n entire_o turn_v into_o latin_a because_o usual_o be_v but_o ill_o translate_v they_o be_v not_o easy_o understand_v quod_fw-la sponte_fw-la non_fw-la fit_n omne_fw-la dignum_fw-la venia_fw-la whatsoever_o be_v unwilling_o do_v say_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n be_v pardonable_a so_o likewise_o procopius_n they_o who_o have_v wrong_v other_o if_o through_o ignorance_n that_o be_v when_o their_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wrong_n aught_o in_o equity_n to_o be_v forgive_v by_o those_o who_o they_o have_v wrong_v 7.2_o nic._n 7.2_o michael_n ephesius_n interpret_n that_o place_n of_o aristotle_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o a_o injury_n that_o may_v be_v do_v beyond_o the_o expectation_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o place_n that_o which_o i_o have_v before-recited_n as_o a_o instance_n in_o a_o son_n who_o force_v open_o a_o door_n wound_v his_o own_o father_n and_o of_o that_o which_o may_v have_v be_v foresee_v he_o put_v that_o of_o a_o man_n that_o without_o any_o malice_n shoot_v a_o arrow_n at_o random_n in_o a_o highway_n and_o of_o that_o do_v by_o necessity_n he_o instance_v in_o he_o who_o be_v oppress_v with_o hunger_n or_o famine_n be_v constrain_v to_o be_v injurious_a to_o other_o to_o preserve_v himself_o a_o example_n of_o fault_n commit_v out_o of_o natural_a perturbation_n he_o put_v in_o love_n grief_n fear_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v through_o ignorance_n when_o the_o fact_n be_v unknown_a as_o when_o abimilech_n will_v have_v take_v sarah_n not_o know_v that_o she_o be_v abraham_n wife_n a_o injury_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o person_n ignorant_a but_o not_o through_o ignorance_n where_o the_o law_n be_v unknown_a and_o this_o very_a