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the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o 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principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a 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dignity_n and_o to_o be_v cherish_v for_o by_o they_o country_n be_v discover_v familiarity_n between_o nation_n be_v procure_v and_o politic_a experience_n be_v attain_v whereupon_o i_o have_v be_v move_v by_o long_a observation_n to_o put_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n in_o plain_a and_o compendious_a writing_n by_o undoubted_a principle_n familiar_a example_n and_o demonstrative_a reason_n without_o affectation_n of_o curious_a word_n more_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o theme_n in_o some_o place_n do_v require_v i_o have_v entitle_v the_o book_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o not_o ius_n mercatorum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o customary_a law_n approve_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o not_o a_o law_n establish_v by_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o any_o prince_n either_o in_o the_o first_o foundation_n or_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n and_o beginning_n with_o 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unto_o i_o for_o to_o make_v application_n thereof_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o judicious_a reader_n which_o be_v the_o main_a scope_n that_o all_o writer_n be_v to_o regard_n and_o care_n for_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v end_v be_v also_o declare_v which_o most_o of_o all_o require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n and_o have_v need_n of_o a_o peremptory_a proceed_n as_o be_v invent_v for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o due_a commendation_n whereof_o be_v add_v hereunto_o show_v also_o how_o of_o the_o same_o there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n and_o what_o observation_n of_o other_o law_n be_v concur_v with_o we_o both_o in_o the_o strictness_n of_o law_n and_o the_o lenity_n of_o equity_n most_o consonant_a with_o the_o law-merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o so_o great_a consequence_n that_o without_o it_o all_o temporal_a law_n be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a the_o scope_n of_o all_o therefore_o be_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n may_v take_v place_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o velut_fw-la ariadnae_n caecaregens_fw-la filo_fw-la vestigia_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la nos_fw-la errare_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la feed_v etiam_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la aberrantes_fw-la in_o rectam_fw-la viam_fw-la deducamur_fw-la as_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o our_o last_o treatise_n of_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n late_o publish_v conclude_v gentle_a reader_n upon_o all_o the_o premise_n handle_v as_o i_o hope_v substantial_o i_o commend_v and_o submit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o love_a entertainment_n of_o the_o profound_a and_o discern_a judgement_n of_o the_o discreet_a wise_a and_o experience_v wish_v that_o like_a matter_n set_v down_o by_o the_o pen_n of_o apollo_n they_o may_v sound_v sweet_o in_o your_o apprehension_n and_o give_v to_o your_o conceit_n most_o harmonious_a music_n pleasure_n and_o delight_n london_n the_o 25_o of_o november_n 1622._o thou_o to_o use_v always_o ready_a gerard_n malynes_n a_o table_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v commodity_n compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n chapter_n pag._n 1_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o 1_o 2_o a_o observation_n concern_v time_n 8_o 3_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o 17_o 4_o of_o weight_n and_o measure_n use_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n with_o other_o observation_n 19_o 5_o of_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 58_o 6_o a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o europe_n measure_v by_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o map_n 66_o 7_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v 70_o 8_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n 83_o 9_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n 91_o 10_o of_o suretyship_n and_o merchant_n promise_n 93_o 11_o of_o the_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n 95_o 12_o of_o the_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n between_o merchant_n and_o other_o 98_o 13_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n 101_o 14_o of_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o blank_n sign_v 104_o 15_o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v and_o conveyance_n 106_o 16_o of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o 111_o 17_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n 119_o 18_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n 121_o 19_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n 122_o 20_o of_o bank_n and_o banker_n 131_o 21_o of_o the_o freight_a of_o ship_n charterparty_n and_o bill_n of_o lade_n 134_o 22_o of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n his_o power_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o master_n to_o the_o merchant_n 142_o 23_o of_o the_o duty_n and_o privilege_n of_o marinors_n 144_o 24_o of_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o same_o 146_o 25_o of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o they_o and_o of_o contribution_n 150_o 26_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o contribution_n or_o aueridge_n 157_o 27_o of_o the_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o assurance_n 159_o 28_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v for_o assurance_n in_o case_n of_o loss_n 161_o 29_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n 167_o 30_o of_o partner_n and_o ship_n voyage_n 169_o 31_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottomarie_a by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la 171_o 32_o of_o ship_n and_o navigation_n 173_o 33_o a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o imperial_a sea_n law_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 175_o 34_o of_o navigation_n and_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n 182_o 35_o of_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n 185_o 36_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n 193_o 37_o of_o merchant_n wager_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n 197_o 38_o of_o merchant_n mark_n set_v upon_o commodity_n 199_o 39_o of_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o broker_n and_o by_o the_o candle_n 201_o 40_o of_o buy_v of_o commodity_n by_o condition_n term_v capiticus_n and_o sell_v thing_n upon_o casualty_n 203_o 41_o of_o divide_v of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n 205_o 42_o of_o assotiation_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n 210_o 43_o of_o merchant_n oppignoration_n 218_o 44_o of_o the_o proceed_n use_v against_o bankrupt_n 221_o 45_o of_o manufacture_n 229_o 46_o of_o
principal_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v than_o the_o surety_n be_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o any_o course_n of_o law_n unless_o he_o be_v order_v by_o the_o court_n of_o merchant_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v also_o the_o soon_o recover_v the_o same_o of_o the_o principal_a for_o who_o he_o do_v give_v his_o promise_n it_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n among_o merchant_n that_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v indebt_v unto_o another_o and_o thereupon_o intreat_v another_o merchant_n to_o desire_v the_o creditor_n to_o respite_n he_o some_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o it_o if_o then_o the_o say_a merchant_n the_o debtor_n do_v not_o pay_v according_o at_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v be_v take_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la and_o sentence_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o the_o merchant_n court_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o only_o upon_o proof_n make_v that_o he_o do_v will_n another_o to_o crave_v the_o say_a respite_n of_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n by_o trial_n of_o jury_n of_o 12_o man_n upon_o proof_n make_v by_o evidence_n produce_v before_o they_o that_o the_o debtor_n do_v crave_v day_n of_o payment_n so_o that_o they_o will_v thereupon_o deliver_v their_o verdict_n and_o judgement_n and_o execution_n may_v be_v of_o course_n have_v for_o the_o same_o but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v not_o conditional_a then_o be_v he_o a_o absolute_a surety_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o according_o as_o merchant_n of_o credit_n always_o have_v do_v unaware_o to_o become_v a_o surety_n unaware_o a_o merchant_n may_v also_o be_v come_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o surety_n unaware_o or_o unknown_a unto_o he_o as_o befall_v unto_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o not_o may_o year_n since_o at_o frankford_n in_o germany_n who_o during_o the_o mart_n or_o fair_a go_v into_o a_o merchant_n warehouse_n to_o confer_v of_o some_o business_n with_o he_o where_o he_o find_v another_o merchant_n of_o his_o acquaintance_n to_o cheapen_v some_o parcel_n of_o silk_n ware_n with_o the_o say_v other_o merchant_n to_o who_o this_o man_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v unknown_a whereupon_o the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a silk_n ware_n take_v occasion_n to_o ask_v my_o friend_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o good_a man_n and_o of_o credit_n and_o he_o answer_v he_o be_v so_o the_o bargain_n be_v make_v and_o good_n be_v deliver_v unto_o the_o say_a merchant_n the_o buyer_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 460_o will_v for_o the_o which_o he_o make_v a_o bill_n obligatorie_n payable_a the_o next_o fair_a follow_v at_o which_o fair_a the_o party_n not_o appear_v demand_n be_v make_v of_o my_o friend_n to_o make_v payment_n of_o the_o say_v 460_o will_v because_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o withal_o some_o doubt_n be_v make_v of_o his_o sufficiency_n my_o friend_n have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o question_n be_v demand_v of_o he_o but_o the_o party_n do_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o it_o by_o circumstance_n and_o will_v be_v pay_v of_o he_o he_o in_o defence_n do_v allege_v it_o to_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la and_o so_o not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o as_o have_v have_v no_o consideration_n for_o it_o the_o opinion_n of_o merchant_n be_v demand_v wherein_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n so_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o determine_v the_o same_o and_o by_o the_o say_a law_n according_a to_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la consilij_fw-la he_o be_v adjudge_v to_o pay_v the_o say_v 460_o will_v and_o to_o have_v the_o debtor_n bill_n obligatorie_n make_v over_o unto_o he_o etc._n a_o caveat_n for_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o he_o can_v never_o recover_v one_o penny_n although_o he_o do_v pay_v the_o whole_a debt_n and_o damage_n for_o the_o party_n become_v insoluent_a this_o may_v be_v a_o good_a caveat_n for_o merchant_n and_o all_o man_n for_o if_o he_o have_v say_v he_o be_v take_v or_o repute_v to_o be_v a_o good_a man_n of_o credit_n or_o i_o take_v he_o to_o be_v so_o he_o have_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n promise_n considerable_a promise_n some_o promise_n be_v considerable_a according_a to_o reason_n as_o if_o a_o man_n upon_o a_o penalty_n do_v promise_v another_o not_o to_o molest_v or_o trouble_v he_o if_o the_o other_o give_v he_o cause_n of_o offence_n to_o break_v the_o same_o he_o incur_v not_o the_o penalty_n and_o a_o promise_n make_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n be_v always_o understand_v to_o be_v for_o the_o first_o time_n so_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o a_o pawn_n shall_v not_o be_v alienate_v yet_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o diverse_a that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v hipothecate_v unto_o another_o so_o the_o pawn_n be_v preserve_v again_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o shipwright_n do_v promise_n to_o build_v a_o ship_n for_o a_o merchant_n and_o he_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v by_o another_o here_o the_o promise_n be_v break_v by_o the_o law_n albeit_o this_o question_n be_v not_o material_a for_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n can_v be_v do_v without_o contract_n in_o writing_n and_o only_o by_o bare_a promise_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o question_n wherewith_o the_o book_n of_o civilians_n be_v freight_v so_o that_o for_o merchant_n understanding_n the_o ancient_a ordinary_a custom_n observe_v in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_v essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n be_v plain_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o distinguish_v from_o litigious_a question_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n even_o as_o the_o whole_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n consist_v of_o our_o land_n commodity_n and_o some_o fish_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o foreign_a nation_n so_o from_o hence_o follow_v a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o revolution_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n because_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n grow_v rank_a and_o abundant_a be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n in_o who_o steed_n needful_a commodity_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o return_v thither_o which_o be_v a_o neighbourly_a lend_n between_o kingdom_n and_o country_n for_o as_o be_v note_v god_n cause_v nature_n to_o distribute_v her_o benefit_n or_o his_o blessing_n to_o several_a climate_n of_o diverse_a thing_n find_v in_o some_o place_n that_o be_v not_o in_o other_o place_n to_o make_v a_o interchangeable_a course_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v this_o revolution_n of_o trade_n sell_v sundry_a mean_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o several_a mean_n whereby_o the_o say_v buy_v and_o sell_v be_v effect_v 1_o the_o first_o be_v buy_v with_o ready_a money_n money_n for_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v common_o the_o best_a and_o with_o most_o advantage_n for_o commodity_n be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a wherein_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o necessary_a use_n be_v requisite_a 2_o there_o be_v also_o a_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n time_n for_o ready_a money_n and_o paiable_a at_o time_n paiable_a at_o some_o limit_v time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n or_o partly_o ready_a money_n and_o partly_o at_o time_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o price_n herein_o be_v common_o above_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o commerce_n where_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v sell_v or_o buy_v and_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n extant_a unless_o the_o superaboundance_n of_o commodity_n do_v alter_v the_o same_o especial_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v perishable_a by_o corruption_n time_n and_o accident_n so_o that_o the_o condition_n quality_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o commodity_n be_v much_o to_o be_v respect_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o commodity_n do_v abound_v at_o the_o first_o and_o the_o wealth_n of_o man_n be_v describe_v by_o cattle_n and_o the_o like_a perishable_a thing_n all_o kind_n of_o metal_n as_o be_v durable_a be_v most_o esteem_v and_o the_o pure_a mettle_n take_v to_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v money_n of_o as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v ample_o declare_v in_o our_o second_n part._n exchange_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 3_o there_o be_v another_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o buyer_n give_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o many_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o place_n as_o for_o example_n one_o buy_v five_o hundred_o
all_o remedy_n against_o his_o estate_n for_o ever_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o make_v the_o debtor_n to_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o they_o can_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o perish_v which_o make_v also_o against_o the_o crditors_n profit_n the_o body_n of_o every_o subject_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n commonwealth_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o subject_n be_v a_o member_n or_o single_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o to_o take_v this_o body_n and_o to_o cast_v the_o same_o into_o prison_n for_o debt_n where_o he_o must_v lie_v rot_v idle_o and_o unprofitable_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o die_v miserable_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o strip_v and_o rob_v the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o limb_n and_o member_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o service_n and_o endeavour_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n yearly_a of_o all_o degree_n and_o profession_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n which_o number_n of_o prisoner_n exceed_v all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o all_o other_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o in_o christian_n charity_n wish_v and_o in_o all_o godly_a policy_n desire_v that_o the_o body_n and_o endeavour_n of_o all_o debtor_n may_v be_v free_a from_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o creditor_n recovery_n be_v make_v against_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o christian_n charity_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o godly_a policy_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o interim_n the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n may_v be_v permit_v which_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v for_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o her_o reign_n by_o a_o large_a commission_n record_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n the_o exemplification_n whereof_o be_v by_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n humble_o desire_v many_o other_o reason_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o say_a remonstrance_n invective_n against_o usury_n and_o usuror_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v and_o hereunto_o let_v we_o add_v certain_a observation_n in_o general_a concern_v execution_n the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mute_a magistrate_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v a_o living_n law_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o command_v and_o the_o strength_n of_o command_v be_v in_o the_o constrain_a or_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n which_o belong_v unto_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n the_o consideration_n hereof_o do_v produce_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n whether_o judge_n or_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o life_n the_o often_o change_v of_o they_o being_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v instigate_v man_n to_o accuse_v those_o that_o have_v not_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o their_o office_n due_o law_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o execution_n of_o law_n whereby_o wickedness_n be_v not_o only_o punish_v but_o also_o every_o man_n through_o emulation_n do_v endeavour_v himself_o to_o follow_v virtue_n and_o to_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o his_o call_n beside_o whereas_o virtue_n in_o all_o commonweal_n be_v the_o principal_a point_n whereat_o man_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v they_o so_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n be_v a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n which_o can_v be_v do_v to_o many_o when_o they_o be_v give_v in_o perpetuity_n to_o some_o few_o which_o many_o time_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n by_o the_o inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n in_o some_o commonweal_n officer_n inconvenience_n of_o yearly_a officer_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o they_o must_v leave_v their_o place_n before_o they_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o common_o unto_o one_o that_o be_v but_o a_o novice_n in_o the_o place_n whereby_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n fall_v into_o the_o government_n of_o such_o as_o be_v incapable_a thereof_o and_o without_o experience_n and_o if_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n their_o time_n be_v short_a that_o it_o do_v vanish_v away_o in_o feast_n and_o pleasure_n and_o matter_n either_o public_a or_o private_a do_v remain_v undecided_a and_o every_o thing_n protract_v without_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n beside_o how_o be_v it_o in_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n possible_a that_o he_o shall_v command_v with_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o a_o magistrate_n that_o within_o a_o little_a while_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cipher_n without_o power_n or_o authority_n what_o subject_n will_v yield_v he_o due_a respect_n and_o reverence_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o his_o office_n be_v perpetual_a and_o his_o estate_n assure_v he_o be_v resolve_v bold_o to_o resist_v the_o wicked_a to_o defend_v the_o good_a permanent_a commodity_n have_v by_o judge_n permanent_a to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o even_o to_o withstand_v tyrant_n who_o many_o time_n have_v be_v astonish_v to_o see_v the_o constancy_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o common_a law_n excellent_a because_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v authorise_v according_o for_o term_v of_o life_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o place_n require_v and_o be_v also_o choose_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o integrity_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ornament_n whereas_o to_o call_v the_o yearly_a judge_n in_o question_n after_o their_o time_n expire_v be_v a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n in_o other_o country_n the_o sheriff_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o put_v in_o every_o county_n the_o writ_n commandment_n annual_a subaltern_a officer_n annual_a and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o execution_n be_v remove_v every_o year_n and_o the_o same_o be_v expire_v they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o account_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n commit_v by_o they_o during_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n which_o make_v they_o vigilant_a and_o circumspect_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o place_n which_o they_o supply_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o deputy_n for_o who_o offence_n they_o must_v answer_v this_o authority_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n therefore_o do_v prevent_v many_o mischief_n put_v a_o fear_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o which_o in_o criminal_a case_n be_v call_v by_o some_o cruelty_n but_o the_o merciful_a judge_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o these_o case_n than_o the_o severe_a because_o severity_n make_v man_n to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n whereas_o too_o much_o lenity_n cause_v contempt_n both_o of_o law_n and_o magistrate_n nevertheless_o as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n two_o principal_a point_n which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o consider_v namely_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o sometime_o be_v too_o severe_a may_v do_v more_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o good_a see_v the_o intention_n of_o those_o that_o make_v the_o law_n good_a law_n intention_n be_v the_o common_a good_a be_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la this_o may_v be_v say_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n fresh_a in_o memory_n who_o be_v privy_a councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n 7_o cause_v the_o penal_a law_n to_o be_v strict_o execute_v against_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o king_n gather_v much_o treasure_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o displease_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v record_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o effectual_a to_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v call_v a_o tyrant_n than_o this_o course_n of_o strict_a execution_n of_o law_n which_o have_v a_o affinity_n with_o the_o say_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscanie_n touch_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o general_n it_o be_v miserable_a that_o we_o can_v do_v all_o thing_n machiavelli_n the_o say_n of_o machiavelli_n more_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o will_v do_v and_o most_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v informer_n nevertheless_o be_v necessary_a member_n in_o
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o 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cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o common-law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n great_a be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n for_o we_o find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o domination_n over_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n wilreshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o also_o the_o same_o law_n be_v use_v among_o the_o saxon_n which_o rule_v marshland_n and_o medland_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o lincoln_n northhampton_n rutland_n huntingdon_n bedford_n oxford_n buckingham_z cheshire_n derby_n nottingham_n and_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n of_o gloucester_n warwick_n hereford_n and_o shropshire_n at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v with_o diverse_a nation_n namely_o pict_n scot_n dane_n norman_n vandal_n and_o germane_a all_o which_o have_v continue_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n until_o the_o time_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o conquer_v the_o same_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o land_n and_o cause_v among_o other_o law_n the_o dane_n law_n to_o be_v collect_v which_o rule_v in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o a_o discreet_a view_n to_o be_v take_v of_o sundry_a law_n whereunto_o he_o do_v add_v some_o of_o his_o norman_a law_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n now_o call_v england_n in_o so_o much_o that_o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v long_o before_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n first_o government_n christum_fw-la annâ—_n 1198_o aunt_n christum_fw-la nay_o by_o the_o briton_n themselves_o which_o be_v one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o eight_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v now_o in_o continuance_n above_o two_o thousand_o and_o eight_o hundred_o year_n for_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o law_n of_o marcia_n to_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o britain_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o after_o that_o we_o find_v that_o king_n lucius_n and_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o continuance_n thereof_o the_o say_v common_a law_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v take_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n of_o the_o say_a law_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n &_o book_n case_n which_o be_v yearly_a observation_n upon_o manner_n and_o may_v be_v call_v responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la comprehend_v therein_o the_o municipal_a law_n etc._n municipal_a law_n as_o gavelkind_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o kingdom_n and_o government_n as_o a_o exception_n to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o wherein_o many_o singular_a argument_n draw_v from_o divinity_n and_o humanity_n be_v effectual_a though_o there_o be_v no_o book_n for_o it_o for_o the_o
have_v the_o first_o cause_n he_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o go_v on_o his_o side_n whereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o cause_n between_o he_o and_o the_o say_a doctor_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o proceed_n therein_o the_o student_n plead_v the_o condition_n in_o bar_n the_o court_n of_o chancery_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o it_o reason_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o complainant_n by_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o mention_v quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la for_o in_o the_o chancery_n every_o man_n be_v able_a by_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o foresee_v the_o end_n of_o his_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v himself_o a_o reason_n thereof_o and_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o cause_n whereas_o at_o the_o common-law_n the_o client_n matter_n be_v term_v a_o case_n case_n difference_n between_o cause_n and_o case_n according_a to_o the_o word_n casus_n which_o be_v accedentall_a for_o the_o party_n do_v hardly_o know_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v with_o or_o against_o he_o the_o chancery_n therefore_o upon_o bill_n and_o answer_n between_o the_o complainant_n and_o defendant_n grant_v a_o injunction_n to_o stay_v the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n until_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o equity_n find_v chancery_n injunction_n of_o the_o chancery_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v dismiss_v to_o the_o law_n again_o with_o cost_n to_o the_o party_n merchant_n cause_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o chancery_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v with_o great_a expedition_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o because_o they_o be_v by_o commission_n common_o refer_v to_o merchant_n to_o make_v report_n of_o the_o state_n thereof_o unto_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n â—or_a the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v preserve_v chief_o 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the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n by_o law_n this_o be_v first_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v and_o find_v accountable_a than_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v auditor_n to_o take_v the_o account_n by_o a_o commission_n direct_v out_o of_o the_o court_n to_o merchant_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n whereunto_o two_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n be_v join_v and_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o account_n and_o find_v wherein_o the_o difference_n do_v consist_v than_o they_o be_v to_o certify_v all_o their_o proceed_n into_o the_o court_n and_o the_o accountant_n must_v make_v issuable_a answer_n to_o be_v plead_v whereupon_o eight_o ten_o twelve_o or_o more_o issue_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o then_o a_o second_o jury_n be_v call_v to_o try_v all_o these_o several_a issue_n upon_o peremptory_a point_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o issue_n there_o be_v give_v a_o particular_a verdict_n and_o sometime_o a_o especial_a verdict_n which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o court_n again_o all_o these_o long_a proceed_n make_v long_a record_n subject_a to_o many_o error_n and_o because_o all_o these_o several_a issue_n be_v try_v by_o one_o jury_n and_o upon_o one_o record_n together_o with_o the_o former_a proceed_n whereby_o the_o other_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n accountable_a if_o in_o any_o or_o in_o the_o whole_a material_a error_n be_v find_v than_o all_o be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o the_o novo_fw-la and_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o then_o they_o will_v join_v other_o issue_n and_o so_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o account_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v of_o the_o chancery_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o therein_o more_o expedition_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o declare_v leave_v all_o 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whereof_o accompany_v with_o my_o bind_a duty_n have_v embolden_v i_o of_o late_a to_o dedicate_v unto_o your_o sacred_a majesty_n a_o little_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o volume_n which_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o i_o as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o by_o progression_n in_o wisdom_n endeavour_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o knowledge_n do_v perceive_v that_o the_o near_o approach_v thereunto_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o be_v further_a off_o so_o my_o endeavour_n strive_v to_o deserve_v some_o thing_n at_o your_o royal_a hand_n seem_v unto_o i_o to_o merit_v least_o of_o all_o but_o be_v confident_a of_o your_o most_o gracious_a benignity_n and_o superexcee_a grace_n i_o do_v offer_n unto_o your_o most_o judicial_a eye_n this_o law-merchant_n describe_v according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o majesty_n kingdom_n and_o dominion_n may_v be_v increase_v and_o preserve_v which_o be_v do_v by_o just_a and_o politic_a course_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o preheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n ground_v by_o commutatio_fw-la negotiatiuâ—_n upon_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n as_o aforesaid_a observe_v by_o your_o high_a wisdom_n upon_o the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n wherein_o your_o highness_n do_v surpass_v all_o the_o treatise_n and_o conference_n have_v by_o your_o noble_a ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n king_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n if_o your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n therefore_o shall_v be_v please_v from_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la of_o your_o gracious_a aspect_n to_o cast_v some_o reflect_a beam_n upon_o the_o plain_a superficies_n of_o this_o law-merchant_n every_o little_a spark_n therein_o will_v become_v a_o flame_n and_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o draw_v by_o the_o diameter_n of_o it_o meridian_n line_n of_o your_o royal_a favour_n without_o which_o this_o book_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o sun_n dial_n which_o be_v no_o long_o serviceable_a than_o while_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v illuminate_v the_o same_o in_o hope_n of_o which_o superaboundant_a favour_n i_o do_v apostrophate_o this_o epistle_n but_o do_v multiply_v my_o ardent_a prayer_n for_o your_o majesty_n most_o happy_a reign_v long_o to_o endure_v over_o we_o to_o god_n glory_n and_o our_o comfort_n your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a and_o obedient_a subject_n gerard_n malines_n to_o the_o courteous_n rerder_n that_o famous_a philosopher_n xenophon_n extol_v the_o persian_a law_n testify_v that_o their_o citizen_n from_o their_o infancy_n be_v educate_v and_o teach_v not_o to_o attempt_v or_o almost_o to_o imagine_v any_o thing_n but_o honest_a and_o just_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n as_o gellius_n report_v that_o draco_n a_o citizen_n of_o athens_n make_v their_o law_n so_o strict_a and_o severe_a that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v write_v with_o blood_n and_o not_o with_o ink_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o law_n make_v by_o solon_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o spider_n web_n which_o take_v the_o lesser_a fly_n and_o suffer_v the_o great_a to_o escape_v and_o to_o break_v the_o same_o so_o that_o every_o extreme_a be_v vicious_a reason_n require_v a_o law_n not_o too_o cruel_a in_o her_o frown_n nor_o too_o partial_a in_o her_o favour_n neither_o of_o these_o defect_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n because_o the_o same_o do_v proper_o consist_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o be_v approve_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o cicero_n vera_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la natura_fw-la congruens_fw-la diffusa_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la constans_n sempiterna_fw-la true_a law_n be_v a_o right_a reason_n of_o nature_n agree_v therewith_o in_o all_o point_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v in_o all_o nation_n consist_v perpetual_o whereby_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v and_o distribute_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v apparent_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o pleasant_a amiable_a and_o acceptable_a unto_o all_o prince_n and_o potentate_n that_o king_n have_v be_v and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o society_n of_o merchant_n and_o many_o time_n notwithstanding_o their_o particular_a difference_n and_o quarrel_n they_o do_v nevertheless_o agree_v in_o this_o course_n of_o trade_n because_o riches_n be_v the_o bright_a star_n who_o height_n traffic_n take_v to_o direct_v itself_o by_o whereby_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n do_v flourish_v merchant_n be_v the_o mean_n and_o instrument_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o to_o the_o glory_n illustration_n and_o benefit_n of_o their_o monarchy_n and_o state_n questionless_a therefore_o the_o state_n of_o a_o merchant_n be_v of_o great_a
subject_a to_o be_v number_v by_o age_n year_n month_n day_n hour_n minute_n and_o their_o division_n and_o subdivision_n we_o can_v in_o this_o place_n omit_v to_o particularise_v concern_v the_o same_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v think_v inconvenient_a to_o touch_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o period_n of_o monarchy_n and_o commonweal_n commonweal_n period_n of_o monarchy_n &_o commonweal_n make_v by_o some_o author_n which_o by_o many_o important_a reason_n may_v be_v amplify_v some_o distribute_v the_o whole_a age_n of_o the_o world_n into_o three_o part_n ascribe_v to_o every_o age_n 2000_o year_n which_o procee_v from_o that_o common_a opinion_n of_o elias_n a_o certain_a rabbin_z or_o jew_n affirm_v that_o the_o world_n shall_v stand_v 6000_o year_n and_o then_o be_v dissolve_v of_o the_o which_o they_o reckon_v 2000_o year_n before_o the_o law_n 2000_o year_n under_o the_o law_n and_o 2000_o year_n under_o christ_n which_o shall_v be_v shorten_v for_o the_o elect_v sake_n which_o opinion_n have_v be_v recevy_v by_o diverse_a godly_a father_n suppose_v that_o as_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n therein_o be_v create_v in_o six_o day_n so_o the_o same_o shall_v endure_v 6000_o year_n take_v each_o thousand_o year_n for_o a_o day_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o saint_n peter_n 3._o 1._o pet._n 3._o that_o one_o day_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v as_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o a_o thousand_o year_n as_o one_o day_n in_o this_o supputation_n be_v some_o reason_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n to_o abraham_n with_o who_o the_o first_o covenant_n be_v make_v and_o to_o who_o the_o law_n of_o circumcision_n be_v give_v we_o find_v to_o be_v near_o 2000_o year_n world_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o world_n and_o likewise_o under_o the_o law_n until_o christ_n about_o 2000_o year_n and_o now_o under_o christ_n be_v above_o 1620_o year_n reckon_v towards_o the_o last_o 2000_o year_n augustin_n write_v of_o these_o age_n divide_v they_o into_o six_o and_o reckon_v the_o first_o age_n to_o be_v from_o adam_n to_o noah_n the_o second_o from_o noath_a to_o abraham_n the_o three_o from_o abraham_n to_o david_n the_o four_o from_o david_n to_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n the_o five_o from_o the_o captivity_n to_o christ_n the_o sixth_o and_o last_o under_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n other_o there_o be_v that_o do_v distribute_v the_o same_o into_o four_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o four_o kind_n of_o metal_n the_o golden_a silver_n brass_n and_o iron_n age_n allude_v to_o the_o prophecy_n of_o daniel_n of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n other_o do_v account_n the_o same_o by_o thousand_o or_o millinary_n according_a to_o certain_a observation_n of_o 6000_o year_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o thing_n other_o do_v calculate_v according_a to_o the_o age_n of_o man_n suppose_v 100_o year_n for_o a_o age_n and_o so_o now_o be_v 56_o age_n and_o more_o the_o number_n 60_o or_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n shall_v come_v but_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o true_a computation_n of_o the_o church_n most_o general_o approve_v hitherto_o scripture_n computation_n of_o age_n by_o scripture_n and_o reckon_v from_o the_o creation_n until_o noah_n 1656_o year_n when_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o ark_n and_o from_o the_o flooâ—_n to_o abraham_n 367_o year_n and_o from_o the_o depart_n of_o the_o israelite_n out_o of_o egypt_n 430_o year_n and_o from_o the_o depart_n to_o the_o build_n of_o the_o temple_n by_o solomon_n 430_o year_n and_o from_o that_o time_n to_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o king_n zedekiah_n deduce_v by_o scripture_n be_v 427_o year_n so_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o these_o year_n come_v just_o to_o 3360_o year_n hereunto_o 70_o year_n be_v add_v of_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n be_v 3430_o year_n which_o be_v 790_o sabbaticall_a year_n of_o seven_o year_n every_o sabbaticall_a year_n without_o any_o odd_a number_n and_o from_o that_o time_n until_o christ_n there_o be_v no_o momentary_a difference_n by_o historical_a account_n whereof_o understand_v merchant_n ought_v to_o be_v inform_v &_o all_o man_n take_v pleasure_n of_o this_o observation_n in_o their_o almanac_n from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n 1620._o aâ—no_fw-la domâ—_n 1620._o until_o the_o last_o year_n 5582._o from_o the_o say_a creation_n until_o the_o flood_n 1656._o from_o the_o say_a creation_n until_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n 3962._o since_o brute_n do_v enter_v the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n 2727._o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o temple_n by_o solomon_n 2649._o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n 2371._o since_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n 2258._o since_o julius_n caesar_n be_v slay_v 1669._o since_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n until_o the_o last_o year_n 1620._o since_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n by_o duke_n william_n 553._o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n of_o england_n until_o the_o 24_o of_o march_n 1620_o be_v 17_o year_n complete_a but_o currant_n 18_o concern_v the_o year_n there_o be_v many_o observation_n year_n of_o the_o several_a beginning_n of_o the_o year_n and_o even_o of_o the_o several_a beginning_n of_o it_o and_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o the_o body_n the_o soul_n of_o man_n consist_v in_o the_o blood_n have_v 365_o vein_n as_o residence_n agreeable_a to_o so_o many_o day_n of_o the_o year_n all_o our_o almanac_n or_o calendar_n begin_v the_o year_n from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n albeit_o this_o beginning_n differ_v in_o many_o other_o country_n which_o be_v convenient_a for_o merchant_n to_o observe_v the_o astrologian_n begin_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o arijs_fw-la which_o be_v the_o 21_o of_o march_n at_z 12_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o noon_n the_o old_a roman_n do_v begin_v their_o year_n ab_fw-la hieberno_fw-la solstitio_fw-la the_o egyptian_n and_o old_a jew_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n with_o the_o astrologian_n those_o of_o asia_n and_o india_n ab_fw-la aquinoctio_fw-la autumnali_fw-la be_v the_o 23_o of_o september_n at_o 12_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o noon_n the_o grecian_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o venetian_n of_o the_o first_o of_o march_n the_o spaniard_n from_o the_o annunciation_n of_o the_o virgin_n marie_n the_o 25_o of_o march_n as_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n the_o portugal_n and_o the_o east-indies_n barbary_n preste-iohn_n the_o 29._o of_o august_n moses_n by_o god_n commandment_n ab_fw-la equinoctio_fw-la verno_fw-la which_o be_v easter_n according_a to_o which_o day_n easter_n day_n easter_n day_n be_v ordain_v upon_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o the_o first_o moon_n after_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o sign_n of_o aries_n which_o be_v also_o use_v in_o egypt_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 328_o the_o council_n of_o nice_n do_v ordain_v easter_n day_n always_o to_o be_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n or_o sunday_n next_o after_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n make_v thereupon_o a_o list_n according_a to_o the_o circle_n or_o golden_a number_n of_o the_o moon_n begin_v from_o the_o figure_n 1_o until_o number_v 19_o for_o that_o in_o 19_o year_n the_o moon_n make_v her_o complete_a revolution_n &_o concur_v with_o the_o sun_n and_o if_o the_o number_n do_v fall_v out_o upon_o a_o sunday_n than_o the_o sunday_n after_o be_v easter_n day_n day_n the_o listen_v appoint_v for_o easter_n day_n according_a to_o this_o abstract_n which_o be_v now_o alter_v by_o ten_o day_n upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o calendar_n by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o golden_a numberâ—_n 1._o the_o 5_o of_o april_n 2._o the_o 25_o of_o march_n 3._o the_o 13_o of_o april_n 4._o the_o 2_o of_o april_n 5._o the_o 22_o of_o march_n 6._o the_o 10_o of_o april_n 7._o the_o 30_o of_o march_n 8._o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 9_o the_o 7_o of_o april_n 10._o the_o 27_o of_o march_n 11._o the_o 15_o of_o april_n 12._o the_o 4_o of_o april_n 13._o the_o 24_o of_o march_n 14._o the_o 12_o of_o april_n 15._o the_o 1_o of_o april_n 16._o the_o 21_o of_o march_n 17._o the_o 9_o of_o april_n 18._o the_o 29_o of_o march_n 19_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n moon_n revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n the_o year_n be_v exact_o calculate_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o revolution_n in_o the_o zodiac_n through_o all_o the_o twelve_o sign_n consist_v of_o 365_o day_n 5_o hour_n 49_o minute_n and_o 16_o second_n and_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o go_v course_n be_v 27_o day_n and_o about_o 8_o hour_n and_o in_o her_o return_a course_n about_o 29_o day_n and_o one_o half_a
matter_n little_a sensible_a here_o may_v microcosmos_n the_o little_a world_n man_n behold_v how_o little_a the_o great_a world_n be_v which_o be_v make_v for_o he_o as_o a_o tabernacle_n where_o he_o have_v no_o abide_v place_n but_o travel_v as_o a_o pilgrim_n towards_o the_o celestial_a habitation_n with_o a_o thankful_a mind_n and_o remembrance_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o have_v be_v mindful_a of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o make_v he_o low_a than_o the_o angel_n to_o crown_v he_o with_o glory_n and_o worship_n psal._n 8._o thus_o much_o i_o think_v to_o demonstrate_v unto_o christian_a merchant_n touch_v the_o world_n before_o we_o entreat_v of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v by_o they_o and_o other_o nation_n maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a verse_n currit_fw-la mercator_fw-la ad_fw-la indos_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v mainetain_v genera_fw-la corporum_fw-la tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la albeit_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v declare_v that_o there_o be_v but_o three_o kind_n of_o body_n of_o thing_n namely_o 1_o quod_fw-la continetur_fw-la uno_fw-la spiritu_fw-la ut_fw-la homo_fw-la lapis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v contain_v of_o one_o spirit_n as_o man_n and_o a_o stone_n or_o such_o like_a 2_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la pluribus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la coherentibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la edificium_fw-la navis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n join_v together_o as_o a_o building_n a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 3_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la distantibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la corpora_fw-la uno_fw-la nomine_fw-la subiecta_fw-la veluti_fw-la populus_fw-la legio_fw-la grex_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o distant_a thing_n as_o many_o body_n under_o one_o name_n a_o people_n a_o legion_n a_o flock_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o this_o definition_n be_v not_o complete_a concern_v the_o body_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n consist_v of_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_v of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v to_o be_v describe_v in_o order_n and_o because_o commodity_n like_v unto_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n at_o the_o first_o by_o way_n of_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o they_o according_a to_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n therefore_o may_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o particular_a commodity_n of_o all_o country_n and_o of_o some_o of_o they_o their_o value_n and_o estimation_n by_o mean_n whereof_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v establish_v and_o maintain_v that_o thereupon_o we_o may_v proceed_v according_o very_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o innocency_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a but_o alas_o this_o community_n of_o thing_n endure_v but_o a_o while_n and_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o natural_a corruption_n and_o proneness_n to_o wrong_v one_o another_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o propriety_n and_o several_a possession_n which_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o consent_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o secondary_a nature_n this_o be_v my_o house_n this_o be_v my_o town_n and_o this_o be_v my_o servant_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v the_o revocation_n of_o this_o communion_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o nerve_n and_o bond_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o labour_n and_o diligence_n who_o will_v till_o the_o ground_n if_o he_o hope_v not_o to_o taste_v of_o the_o crop_n of_o it_o sure_o all_o will_v be_v waste_n and_o desolate_a if_o man_n be_v to_o plant_v and_o build_v for_o every_o body_n that_o be_v nobody_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o strong_a will_v deprive_v other_o of_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n unless_o the_o law_n do_v interpose_v her_o authority_n which_o be_v two_o fold_n namely_o paterna_fw-la &_o politica_fw-la effect_v by_o the_o father_n of_o family_n and_o magistrate_n and_o herein_o be_v no_o other_o equality_n to_o be_v find_v concern_v thing_n but_o a_o mutual_a voluntary_a estimation_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n and_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a that_o good_n hold_v in_o common_a be_v as_o it_o be_v no_o body_n good_n and_o not_o manure_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v whereupon_o plato_n in_o his_o second_o commonwealth_n upon_o better_a consideration_n do_v revoke_v his_o former_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o good_n and_o use_v to_o say_v that_o no_o man_n be_v a_o gainer_n but_o another_o become_v a_o loose_a which_o have_v a_o over_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o property_n of_o good_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o property_n of_o good_n all_o traffic_n will_v cease_v nevertheless_o the_o equality_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o commerce_n must_v be_v observe_v to_o avoid_v the_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v mention_v which_o require_v a_o three_o consideration_n of_o a_o other_o kind_n of_o equality_n for_o as_o we_o have_v note_v with_o aristotle_n riches_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a riches_n as_o land_n vine_n forest_n meadow_n and_o the_o like_a the_o artificial_a as_o money_n gold_n silver_n cloth_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n and_o household_n stuffe_n now_o as_o this_o artificial_a riches_n be_v proceed_v of_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o that_o both_o these_o do_v receive_v their_o price_n and_o estimation_n by_o money_n so_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o they_o which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v defective_a which_o be_v concern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n we_o can_v hardly_o make_v this_o inequality_n appear_v albeit_o we_o do_v find_v the_o want_n of_o the_o treasure_n transport_v from_o we_o into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o we_o concern_v money_n and_o wealth_n as_o it_o do_v to_o a_o general_n of_o a_o camp_n of_o ten_o thousand_o suppose_v arm_v man_n whereof_o muster_n be_v take_v at_o several_a time_n and_o upon_o several_a day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v arm_v because_o they_o lend_v their_o armour_n to_o each_o other_o whereas_o if_o they_o be_v all_o muster_v in_o a_o day_n and_o at_o one_o instant_a a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v be_v find_v to_o want_v armour_n so_o the_o like_a want_n of_o money_n and_o wealth_n will_v be_v find_v if_o rich_a man_n be_v examine_v for_o their_o personal_a estate_n upon_o any_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n begin_v from_o the_o east_n and_o end_n in_o the_o west_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o value_n of_o east_n india_n commodity_n the_o merchant_n trade_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n take_v beginning_n in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o at_o which_o time_n spice_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n be_v buy_v for_o the_o price_n hereafter_o declare_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o portugal_n tongue_n with_o my_o addition_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o those_o commodity_n clove_n clove_n clove_n grow_v in_o the_o land_n of_o molucco_n be_v clean_o of_o stalk_n by_o the_o portugal_n call_v fusty_n fuss_n fuss_n be_v sell_v for_o fifty_o pardaos_n the_o kintal_n or_o the_o 100_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v correspondent_a with_o our_o london_n quintal_n or_o hundred_o account_v the_o pardao_n or_o ducatt_n at_o 5_o ss_z be_v about_o 27_o penny_n the_o pound_n there_o be_v another_o lean_a and_o dry_a sort_n of_o clove_n call_v cravo_n di_fw-it bastao_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o 25_o ducat_n which_o the_o portugall_n do_v mingle_v many_o time_n the_o difference_n be_v half_a in_o half_n in_o price_n and_o the_o pound_n at_o 13_o ½_n penny_n mace_n mace_n mace_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a colour_n and_o large_a which_o grow_v upon_o the_o nutmeg_n and_o be_v have_v also_o in_o the_o island_n of_o bantan_n be_v sell_v for_o 74_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o which_o be_v 40_o penny_n starling_n the_o pound_n nuttmeg_n nuttmeg_n nutmeg_n in_o the_o say_a place_n be_v sell_v for_o 15_o ducat_n be_v 75_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o the_o pound_n weight_n eight_o penny_n starling_n ginger_n ginger_n ginger_n be_v dry_a from_o calicout_n call_v belledin_n or_o ash_n colour_n ginger_n at_o 9_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o be_v 45_o ss_z and_o the_o pound_n at_o 5_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o there_o be_v a_o inferior_a sort_n call_v mechino_n of_o six_o ducat_n the_o quintall_n ginger_n in_o conserve_v at_o 13_o ½_n ducat_n be_v about_o 7_o ½_n penny_n the_o pound_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n of_o zeilan_n grow_v in_o that_o island_n be_v sell_v at_o thirty_o
endeavour_v still_o to_o sell_v good_a cheap_a who_o see_v not_o that_o this_o bring_v a_o evident_a over_o ballence_v of_o commodity_n in_o price_n which_o be_v to_o be_v balance_v by_o the_o treasure_n and_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n again_o if_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v sell_v too_o good_a cheap_a other_o nation_n can_v make_v a_o trade_n thereby_o for_o other_o country_n and_o overthrow_v the_o trade_n of_o several_a society_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o have_v see_v in_o time_n past_a that_o the_o western_a colour_n carseye_n be_v sell_v at_o norenborough_n in_o germany_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n and_o hindrance_n of_o the_o than_o turkey_n trade_n and_o at_o this_o present_a our_o suffolk_n clothes_n be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n that_o they_o have_v make_v a_o large_a trade_n for_o russia_n and_o east-land_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o thereby_o overthrow_v our_o trade_n by_o preoccupy_v the_o market_n and_o engross_a the_o commodity_n of_o those_o country_n aforehand_o from_o zealand_n there_o be_v a_o trade_n establish_v for_o barbary_n with_o the_o say_a clothes_n sell_v unto_o they_o thereby_o prevent_v the_o trade_n of_o english_a merchant_n which_o yield_v they_o but_o little_a profit_n and_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o return_n as_o hide_n almond_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v better_o vent_v beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o merchant_n be_v force_v to_o transport_v they_o and_o the_o gold_n which_o they_o bring_v afford_v but_o little_a profit_n variable_a the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o trade_n be_v variable_a so_o that_o to_o make_v commerce_n to_o be_v a_o pastime_n be_v neither_o beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n noâ—_n to_o particular_a person_n the_o time_n or_o season_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v mutable_a and_o subject_a to_o accident_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o at_o some_o one_o time_n commodity_n be_v well_o vent_v and_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o rash_a sale_n be_v not_o the_o profitable_a have_v not_o we_o find_v of_o late_a year_n that_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o at_o great_a price_n when_o the_o todd_n of_o wool_n be_v sell_v at_o 32_o and_o 33_o shilling_n and_o clothes_n according_o than_o now_o when_o wool_n be_v sell_v for_o 18_o and_o 20_o shilling_n the_o revolution_n of_o thing_n may_v alter_v again_o and_o revive_v trade_n if_o not_o procure_v you_o to_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a whereof_o you_o have_v not_o so_o much_o need_v as_o they_o have_v of_o we_o strive_v not_o to_o undersell_v other_o to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n under_o colour_n to_o increase_v trade_n commeâ—ce_n cause_n increase_v trade_n and_o commeâ—ce_n for_o trade_n do_v not_o increase_v when_o commodity_n be_v good_a cheap_a because_o the_o cheapenesse_n proceed_v of_o the_o small_a request_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n cheap_a so_o that_o the_o contrary_n augment_v trade_n when_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n become_v dear_a be_v in_o request_n concern_v the_o particular_a barter_n or_o truck_v with_o merchant_n every_o man_n do_v know_v who_o deal_v therein_o barter_n particular_a barter_n that_o this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o dexterity_n to_o take_v advantage_n in_o the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n one_o against_o the_o other_o that_o common_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o find_v himself_o aggrieve_v for_o the_o overreach_n therein_o be_v account_v a_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a practice_n and_o the_o commodity_n thus_o barter_v be_v plentiful_a and_o not_o in_o request_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o to_o have_v good_a commodity_n which_o be_v vendible_a at_o all_o time_n there_o be_v part_v give_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o in_o bill_n payable_a at_o short_a day_n of_o payment_n whereby_o many_o merchant_n be_v overreach_v and_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n by_o law_n nor_o equity_n hence_o the_o proverb_n be_v derive_v caveat_n emptor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o buy_v and_o sell_v imply_v a_o advantage_n intend_v by_o both_o party_n how_o soever_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o colour_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o proverb_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v upon_o all_o bargain_n of_o commodity_n whereby_o a_o man_n become_v a_o loser_n and_o he_o that_o deal_v in_o barter_n must_v be_v very_o circumspect_a and_o the_o money_n give_v in_o barter_n can_v be_v overset_v whereupon_o a_o principal_a merchant_n of_o london_n make_v once_o a_o barter_n in_o hope_n to_o overreach_v another_o merchant_n and_o they_o both_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o best_a endeavour_n therein_o agree_v to_o esteem_n and_o value_v their_o commodity_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n commutation_n a_o cunning_a commutation_n but_o withal_o the_o great_a merchant_n will_v have_v the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o some_o they_o shall_v barter_n for_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o so_o the_o more_o he_o do_v overualue_n his_o commodity_n which_o be_v cloth_n the_o more_o money_n be_v the_o other_o to_o lay_v out_o the_o bargain_n come_v to_o one_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n whereupon_o the_o party_n pay_v five_o hundred_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n instant_o for_o all_o be_v do_v in_o two_o hour_n and_o deliver_v he_o also_o forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o first_o piece_n and_o in_o every_o two_o or_o three_o piece_n raise_v the_o price_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o that_o kind_n of_o commodity_n the_o great_a merchant_n have_v overset_v his_o commodity_n or_o clothes_n fifty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o other_o merchant_n that_o can_v not_o overset_v his_o money_n have_v value_v his_o lawn_n at_o a_o very_a high_a rate_n of_o three_o for_o one_o at_o the_o least_o for_o all_o the_o say_v forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n be_v sell_v for_o 120_o will_v payable_a at_o two_o year_n day_n of_o payment_n and_o by_o the_o cloth_n there_o be_v not_o lose_v above_o one_o hundred_o pound_n hereupon_o long_o after_o the_o say_a party_n fall_v at_o variance_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o they_o compromit_v unto_o very_o sufficient_a arbitrator_n merchant_n and_o they_o do_v approve_v and_o confirm_v the_o say_a commutation_n and_o barter_n to_o be_v good_a for_o that_o the_o commodity_n be_v merchantable_a and_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o try_v their_o wit_n to_o overreach_v each_o other_o and_o moreover_o they_o award_v the_o great_a merchant_n to_o pay_v charge_n and_o will_v he_o to_o remember_v the_o old_a proverb_n he_o that_o buy_v lawn_n before_o he_o can_v fold_v it_o will_v repent_v before_o he_o have_v sell_v it_o but_o these_o particular_a commutation_n between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n unless_o they_o be_v between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n in_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o thing_n commute_v between_o we_o and_o they_o commutation_n a_o rule_n for_o commutation_n to_o prescribe_v therefore_o some_o kind_n of_o rule_n in_o permutation_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o effect_n three_o kind_n of_o they_o and_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o say_v to_o be_v discreet_a temperate_a and_o desperate_a commutation_n discreet_a commutation_n the_o discreet_a be_v where_o without_o any_o compulsion_n or_o of_o course_n one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v either_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n barter_v or_o deliver_v for_o another_o commodity_n of_o another_o kingdom_n as_o the_o bargain_n be_v to_o deliver_v sea-coal_n of_o newcastle_n into_o france_n for_o salt_n pay_v the_o freight_n on_o either_o side_n equal_o between_o they_o commutation_n temperate_a commutation_n the_o temperate_a commutation_n be_v where_o a_o merchant_n do_v expect_v a_o convenient_a time_n for_o the_o sell_n of_o his_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o accident_n and_o occasion_n offer_v and_o do_v not_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o that_o have_v the_o like_a commodity_n to_o sell_v by_o his_o rash_a sale_n commutation_n desperate_a commutation_n the_o desperate_a commutation_n be_v mere_a opposite_a unto_o it_o where_o a_o man_n either_o for_o want_v of_o discretion_n or_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n to_o supply_v his_o credit_n and_o occasion_n sell_v or_o barter_v away_o his_o commodity_n for_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o return_v homeward_o in_o all_o which_o great_a discretion_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o principal_a study_n for_o society_n and_o company_n to_o look_v unto_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v not_o of_o such_o importance_n as_o the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n when_o merchant_n strive_v to_o engross_v they_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o ship_n as_o for_o corrint_n have_v happen_v at_o zante_n and_o venice_n chap._n ix_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n every_o
pound_n worth_a at_o london_n in_o commodity_n which_o be_v account_v in_o price_n as_o if_o he_o have_v buy_v they_o for_o ready_a money_n and_o do_v give_v unto_o the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n one_o or_o more_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o antuerp_n amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o place_n to_o be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v make_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n by_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n and_o discrepance_n of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n where_o and_o when_o the_o say_v money_n shall_v be_v pay_v by_o the_o buyer_n friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n and_o so_o the_o say_a bill_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v pay_v according_o for_o the_o commodity_n so_o buy_v bank_n by_o money_n payable_a in_o bank_n 4_o another_o merchant_n have_v money_n in_o bank_n or_o in_o the_o banker_n hand_n at_o amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o place_n where_o bank_n be_v keep_v buy_v some_o commodity_n in_o the_o say_a place_n and_o cast_v up_o what_o the_o same_o do_v amount_v unto_o he_o go_v to_o the_o bank_n and_o assign_v the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n to_o receive_v so_o much_o money_n there_o and_o the_o bank_n accept_v thereof_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o payment_n he_o make_v unto_o other_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bank_n hereafter_o declare_v credit_n by_o a_o letter_n of_o credit_n 5_o another_o buy_v some_o commodity_n there_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n he_o have_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n call_v a_o procuration_n or_o a_o letter_n of_o credit_n either_o from_o his_o master_n or_o any_o other_o here_o at_o london_n or_o elsewhere_o who_o upon_o his_o credit_n have_v promise_v thereby_o to_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_a good_n in_o some_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o a_o price_n of_o exchange_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o party_n here_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v pay_v here_o which_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o both_o part_n answerable_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v between_o london_n and_o exeter_n plymouth_n yarmouth_n and_o many_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o and_o uniform_a coin_n by_o letter_n missive_a between_o merchant_n here_o and_o there_o obligatorie_n for_o bill_n obligatorie_n 6_o the_o most_o usual_a buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v for_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o obligation_n call_v bill_n obligatorie_n which_o one_o merchant_n give_v unto_o another_o for_o commodity_n buy_v or_o sell_v which_o be_v altogether_o use_v by_o the_o merchant_n aduenturor_n at_o amsterdam_n middleborough_n hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n for_o when_o they_o have_v sell_v their_o clothes_n unto_o other_o merchant_n or_o other_o payable_a at_o 4_o 6_o 8_o or_o more_o month_n they_o present_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o these_o bill_n so_o receive_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o clothes_n unto_o other_o merchant_n and_o take_v for_o they_o other_o commodity_n at_o such_o price_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v with_o the_o seller_n of_o they_o be_v it_o velvet_n silk_n satin_n fustian_n or_o any_o other_o ware_n or_o commodity_n to_o make_v return_n of_o the_o provenue_n of_o they_o and_o so_o sell_v those_o foreign_a commodity_n here_o in_o england_n they_o present_o buy_v more_o clothes_n and_o continue_v a_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o in_o effect_n as_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o example_n suppose_v a.b._n the_o clothier_n sell_v to_o c.d._n the_o merchant_n one_o pack_n of_o clothes_n traffic_n example_n of_o of_o the_o revolution_n in_o traffic_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n paiable_a at_o six_o month_n and_o do_v condition_n with_o he_o to_o make_v he_o a_o bill_n in_o the_o name_n of_o such_o a_o man_n as_o he_o shall_v nominate_v unto_o he_o a.b._n the_o clothier_n buy_v of_o d.e._n the_o gentleman_n so_o much_o wool_n as_o amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o do_v intend_v to_o deliver_v he_o the_o bill_n of_o c._n d._n the_o merchant_n in_o full_a payment_n of_o his_o wool_n and_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o this_o gentleman_n name_n but_o d.e._n the_o say_a gentleman_n cause_v he_o to_o make_v the_o bill_n payable_a to_o e.g._n the_o mercer_n and_o the_o mercer_n be_v content_v with_o the_o like_a condition_n to_o accept_v thereof_o but_o he_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o c._n d._n the_o merchant_n of_o who_o he_o buy_v his_o velvet_n and_o silk_n and_o so_o in_o payment_n of_o they_o he_o deliver_v he_o by_o a_o intermissive_a time_n his_o own_o bill_n which_o he_o first_o shall_v have_v make_v to_o the_o clothier_n and_o herein_o you_o be_v to_o note_v that_o in_o the_o buy_n by_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o clothier_n or_o to_o the_o bearer_n thereof_o and_o so_o all_o the_o party_n be_v bearer_n thereof_o unto_o who_o the_o same_o be_v set_v over_o by_o tradition_n of_o it_o only_o which_o by_o a_o retrograde_a examination_n will_v appear_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o rescounter_n in_o payment_n debt_n rescounter_v by_o bill_n of_o debt_n use_v among_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o seem_v strange_a unto_o all_o man_n that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o custom_n and_o yet_o do_v they_o perceive_v a_o reason_n for_o it_o and_o can_v deny_v the_o commodiousness_n thereof_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v direct_o against_o this_o course_n for_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o alienation_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o of_o debt_n because_o they_o be_v hold_v choose_v en_fw-fr action_n and_o such_o whereof_o no_o property_n can_v pass_v by_o assignment_n or_o alienation_n and_o many_o good_a lawyer_n do_v wish_v as_o well_o as_o merchant_n that_o there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o like_a course_n in_o england_n by_o reason_n whereof_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n handle_v this_o matter_n more_o distinct_o and_o declare_v the_o benefit_n which_o the_o realm_n will_v receive_v thereby_o and_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o negotiate_v for_o great_a sum_n there_o be_v other_o manner_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n and_o upon_o condition_n and_o casualty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v declare_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n whereunto_o relation_n may_v be_v have_v hereafter_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o transfer_v or_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n between_o merchant_n and_o other_o we_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n declare_v the_o use_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n or_o bill_n of_o debt_n which_o they_o give_v each_o to_o other_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o commodity_n buy_v and_o sell_v by_o way_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n it_o rest_v now_o to_o speak_v thereof_o more_o ample_o for_o the_o sincerity_n of_o plain_a deal_n have_v hitherto_o be_v inviolable_a sea_n the_o manner_n of_o bill_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n which_o every_o man_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n give_v of_o his_o own_o hand_n write_v or_o make_v by_o his_o servant_n and_o by_o he_o subscribe_v without_o any_o seal_n or_o witness_v thereunto_o and_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o such_o a_o merchant_n or_o person_n or_o to_o the_o bearer_n of_o the_o bill_n at_o such_o time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n as_o be_v agree_v and_o conclude_v between_o the_o party_n either_o for_o money_n or_o commodity_n lend_v or_o buy_v and_o so_o declare_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n according_a to_o the_o form_n hereafter_o express_v this_o custom_n be_v much_o practise_v by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o middleborough_n amsterdam_n antuerp_n hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n where_o they_o do_v trade_n in_o manner_n follow_v as_o we_o have_v note_v a_o merchant_n have_v many_o of_o these_o bill_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v for_o his_o clothes_n sell_v unto_o draper_n or_o other_o merchant_n dwell_v in_o several_a town_n and_o place_n will_v resort_v unto_o a_o shopkeeper_n or_o another_o merchant_n common_o accompany_v with_o a_o mediator_n or_o broker_n to_o buy_v a_o good_a round_a quantity_n of_o silk_n ware_n debt_n the_o set_n over_o of_o
bill_n of_o debt_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v payable_a at_o some_o day_n of_o payment_n either_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o month_n and_o have_v agree_v upon_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o before_o he_o make_v the_o seller_n acquaint_v what_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n he_o will_v give_v he_o in_o bill_n of_o such_o and_o such_o person_n amount_v to_o such_o a_o sum_n either_o little_a more_o or_o less_o than_o the_o commodity_n do_v amount_v unto_o or_o to_o take_v in_o commodity_n so_o much_o as_o the_o say_a bill_n do_v contain_v or_o do_v amount_v unto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remainder_n due_a for_o the_o commodity_n more_o than_o the_o bill_n do_v amount_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o upon_o his_o own_o bill_n payable_a at_o such_o a_o time_n as_o they_o agree_v between_o they_o which_o often_o come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a sum_n hereupon_o all_o such_o bill_n as_o be_v of_o know_a person_n be_v soon_o accept_v of_o and_o of_o the_o unknown_a person_n either_o himself_o that_o be_v the_o seller_n or_o the_o broker_n will_v inquire_v of_o their_o sufficiency_n and_o then_o likewise_o accept_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o payment_n and_o have_v take_v their_o bill_n which_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o receiver_n of_o these_o bill_n go_v unto_o the_o party_n and_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v content_v to_o pay_v he_o those_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n specify_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n for_o commodity_n which_o if_o it_o be_v within_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o good_a payment_n the_o debtor_n make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v his_o bill_n to_o the_o bearer_n thereof_o according_o for_o if_o this_o man_n will_v not_o ride_v out_o as_o they_o say_v the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n he_o may_v go_v to_o another_o man_n and_o buy_v other_o commodity_n therewith_o as_o if_o it_o be_v with_o ready_a money_n the_o time_n only_o consider_v nay_o more_o if_o he_o will_v have_v ready_a money_n for_o these_o bill_n obligatorie_n sell_v of_o bill_n obligatorie_n he_o may_v sell_v they_o to_o other_o merchant_n that_o be_v moneyed_a man_n and_o abate_v for_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n and_o common_o one_o month_n over_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a they_o shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o time_n to_o employ_v in_o commodity_n or_o to_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n or_o to_o pay_v debt_n withal_o or_o to_o carry_v home_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o for_o any_o other_o purpose_n at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o be_v commodious_a for_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n as_o also_o for_o all_o man_n upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o it_o be_v proper_o as_o money_n pay_v by_o assignation_n whereby_o very_o great_a matter_n be_v compass_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n the_o commodity_n be_v soon_o vent_v in_o all_o place_n debt_n general_a benefit_n by_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n of_o debt_n the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o prince_n do_v increase_v the_o poor_a and_o mechanical_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n man_n be_v better_o assure_v in_o their_o payment_n the_o counterfeit_n of_o bill_n and_o difference_n be_v prevent_v the_o more_o commodity_n there_o be_v sell_v the_o less_o ready_a money_n be_v transport_v and_o life_n be_v infuse_v into_o traffic_n and_o trade_n for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o herein_o we_o see_v and_o may_v observe_v that_o thing_n which_o be_v indeed_o and_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o indeed_o but_o take_v to_o be_v indeed_o may_v produce_v all_o one_o effect_n and_o every_o man_n be_v enable_v with_o his_o own_o mean_n and_o credit_n to_o augment_v commerce_n this_o laudable_a custom_n as_o i_o say_v be_v not_o practise_v in_o england_n yet_o sometime_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v accept_v of_o bill_n of_o debt_n in_o payment_n for_o commodity_n sell_v with_o advantage_n but_o then_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v new_a again_o and_o in_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n name_n and_o this_o be_v not_o without_o some_o danger_n to_o he_o that_o buy_v the_o commodity_n or_o merchandise_n for_o another_o man_n bill_n as_o factor_n may_v do_v for_o their_o master_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o good_a experience_n bill_n a_o law_n case_n about_o the_o set_n over_o of_o bill_n that_o a_o factor_n in_o london_n have_v sell_v for_o his_o master_n a_o merchant_n of_o antuerpe_n some_o commodity_n to_o a_o english_a merchant_n to_o the_o value_n of_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n and_o take_v the_o merchant_n bill_n payable_a at_o six_o month_n and_o six_o month_n for_o it_o his_o master_n of_o antuerpe_n do_v appoint_v he_o to_o buy_v bay_n â—or_a these_o bill_n of_o another_o merchant_n which_o he_o do_v perform_v and_o have_v the_o value_n of_o 700_o will_v deliver_v unto_o he_o in_o bay_n according_o and_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o other_o merchant_n name_n for_o his_o bay_n short_o after_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o english_a merchant_n become_v insoluent_a but_o before_o it_o be_v public_o know_v the_o factor_n bring_v the_o bill_n alter_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n in_o the_o bay_n merchant_n name_n who_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o and_o say_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v he_o the_o bill_n be_v tender_v with_o a_o scrivener_n according_a to_o their_o agreement_n but_o still_o be_v refuse_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v expire_v the_o bay_a merchant_n do_v arrest_v the_o say_a factor_n the_o matter_n be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n by_o a_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o london_n by_o a_o party_n jury_n of_o english_a man_n and_o stranger_n the_o verdict_n be_v find_v for_o the_o bay_a merchant_n and_o the_o factor_n do_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n against_o his_o master_n the_o reason_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o common_a law_n in_o this_o case_n require_v a_o release_n or_o acquittance_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bay_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o factor_n otherwise_o he_o be_v still_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o answer_v for_o the_o say_a bay_n england_n to_o establish_v this_o custom_n in_o england_n this_o custom_n may_v with_o great_a facility_n nevertheless_o be_v establish_v in_o england_n and_o will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n ingenerall_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n demand_v a_o seal_n and_o delivery_n of_o deed_n and_o that_o the_o bill_n cannon_n convenient_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o or_o be_v alter_v in_o another_o man_n name_n as_o abovesaid_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o in_o england_n be_v always_o revocable_a before_o the_o fact_n nevertheless_o if_o there_o be_v a_o register_n keep_v of_o the_o pass_a and_o transfer_v of_o these_o bill_n from_o man_n to_o man_n and_o by_o a_o endorsement_n thereof_o also_o upon_o the_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o ease_n and_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v acknowledge_v thereby_o to_o be_v the_o lawful_a attorney_n in_o law_n and_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o undecent_a plea_n of_o non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la will_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o to_o prevent_v fraudulent_a deal_n if_o any_o bill_n shall_v be_v lose_v notice_n may_v be_v give_v instant_o to_o the_o register_n which_o at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n be_v call_v a_o prothonotary_n by_o mean_n whereof_o many_o questionable_a parcel_n or_o payment_n be_v make_v apparent_a rouen_n office_n of_o prothonotary_n at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n and_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v remain_v in_o the_o office_n at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o last_o assign_v or_o assign_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o most_o usual_o bill_n be_v make_v for_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v between_o party_n and_o party_n whereby_o many_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o rescounter_n payment_n rescounter_v by_o bill_n for_o payment_n as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o bank_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v for_o merchant_n do_v meet_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n jump_o together_o in_o their_o say_a payment_n and_o hereby_o also_o may_v the_o difficulty_n for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o acquittance_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v remove_v by_o enter_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o say_a register_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o transfer_v or_o register_n thereof_o i_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o have_v this_o to_o be_v establish_v here_o but_o hitherto_o thing_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v
it_o be_v whereby_o other_o nation_n have_v still_o a_o advantage_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n such_o be_v the_o sincerity_n and_o candour_n animi_fw-la among_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o plain_a deal_v concern_v the_o say_a billâ—_n obligatorie_n between_o man_n and_o man_n that_o no_o man_n dare_v presume_v to_o question_v his_o own_o hand_n for_o if_o he_o be_v stain_v therewith_o he_o be_v not_o only_o utter_o discredit_v but_o also_o detest_v of_o all_o merchant_n the_o form_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v as_o follow_v only_o mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la form_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n i_o a._n b._n merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n do_v acknowledge_v by_o these_o present_n to_o be_v true_o indebt_v to_o the_o honest_a c._n d._n english_a merchant_n dwell_v at_o middleborough_n in_o the_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n which_o be_v for_o commodity_n receive_v of_o he_o to_o my_o contentment_n which_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o do_v promise_n to_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_a c.d._n or_o the_o bringer_n hereof_o within_o six_o month_n next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n in_o witness_n whereof_o i_o have_v subscribe_v the_o same_o at_o amsterdam_n the_o 10_o of_o julie_n 1622_o stilo_fw-it novo_fw-la a.b._n in_o the_o east_n country_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o will_v put_v a_o seal_n to_o it_o and_o then_o the_o word_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v go_v together_o but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o delivery_n or_o deed_n for_o that_o be_v understand_v of_o course_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o for_o want_v of_o payment_n the_o bill_n be_v put_v in_o suit_n and_o the_o party_n adiourn_v or_o cite_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n the_o judge_n make_v no_o doubt_n of_o any_o such_o matter_n will_v instant_o say_v to_o he_o my_o friend_n what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o you_o have_v not_o pay_v this_o your_o bill_n to_o c._n d_o for_o to_o deliver_v a_o write_n or_o a_o bill_n as_o a_o civilians_n a_o call_v apocha_n or_o apodissa_n by_o the_o civilians_n escroll_n as_o we_o say_v at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unknown_a unto_o all_o merchant_n there_o and_o the_o bringer_n of_o the_o bill_n call_v with_o we_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o without_o any_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o other_o warrant_n obligatoâ—ie_v especial_a note_n concering_n bill_n obligatoâ—ie_v the_o civilâ—_n law_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v require_v that_o the_o bill_n shall_v declare_v for_o what_o the_o debt_n grow_v either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o lawful_a consideration_n the_o word_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n be_v because_o that_o merchant_n for_o diverse_a respect_n tolerate_v common_o the_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n at_o a_o 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trial_n in_o law_n it_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a discharge_n for_o they_o all_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o general_a acquittance_n these_o observation_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o such_o like_a book_n case_n as_o i_o have_v put_v down_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v necessary_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v albeit_o we_o handle_v the_o law-merchant_n in_o this_o treatise_n and_o not_o matter_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o you_o take_v beyond_o the_o sea_n any_o bill_n obligatorie_n for_o money_n deliver_v upon_o two_o or_o three_o life_n or_o for_o wager_n or_o lay_n which_o be_v conditional_a life_n bill_n obligatory_a upon_o two_o or_o three_o life_n let_v the_o party_n be_v put_v to_o prove_v if_o upon_o proof_n of_o life_n make_v the_o bill_n payable_a at_o a_o day_n certain_a unless_o one_o of_o the_o party_n be_v dead_a whereby_o the_o party_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v or_o else_o to_o prove_v the_o decease_n of_o the_o one_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o you_o make_v the_o 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many_o thousand_o pound_n in_o that_o place_n or_o thereabouts_o that_o he_o will_v either_o procure_v he_o the_o same_o or_o pass_v his_o promise_n bill_n or_o bond_n for_o it_o and_o he_o will_v provide_v he_o the_o money_n or_o pay_v he_o by_o exchange_n or_o give_v he_o such_o satisfaction_n as_o he_o shall_v require_v the_o party_n to_o who_o this_o letter_n be_v direct_v will_n according_o do_v his_o endeavour_n and_o perform_v the_o request_n of_o the_o other_o and_o keep_v the_o letter_n for_o his_o assurance_n or_o security_n and_o what_o he_o do_v thereupon_o undertake_v be_v make_v apparent_a by_o such_o write_n or_o evidence_n as_o he_o take_v of_o the_o say_a bearer_n of_o the_o letter_n that_o thereupon_o he_o may_v be_v well_o deal_v withal_o according_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v fall_v out_o that_o for_o some_o know_a cause_n to_o this_o party_n he_o do_v not_o accomplish_v his_o request_n contain_v in_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n then_o the_o bearer_n of_o the_o same_o keep_v the_o say_a letter_n and_o return_v they_o unto_o the_o giver_n without_o any_o other_o proceed_v credit_n protest_v for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o letter_n of_o credit_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n where_o this_o party_n be_v a_o debtor_n to_o he_o that_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o then_o he_o must_v take_v witness_n of_o it_o and_o with_o a_o scrivener_n or_o notary_n make_v a_o protest_v against_o he_o protest_v to_o recover_v of_o he_o by_o all_o lawful_a and_o convenient_a mean_n all_o the_o damage_n charge_n and_o interest_n which_o he_o or_o any_o other_o shall_v sustain_v thereby_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nonperformance_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n and_o that_o in_o time_n and_o place_n as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v which_o protest_v be_v a_o sufficient_a means_n among_o merchant_n and_o before_o any_o judge_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o upon_o proof_n at_o all_o time_n according_o but_o if_o the_o 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other_o side_n not_o to_o be_v too_o rash_a to_o affirm_v the_o goodness_n or_o sufficiency_n of_o another_o man_n estate_n credit_n or_o reputation_n whereby_o a_o three_o man_n become_v a_o loser_n loss_n be_v the_o great_a hinderer_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n the_o civilians_n therefore_o have_v a_o title_n in_o their_o law_n which_o be_v strict_o observe_v as_o you_o shall_v understand_v hereafter_o the_o sign_v of_o blank_n be_v also_o a_o custom_n among_o merchant_n whereby_o they_o strengthen_v the_o credit_n of_o their_o factor_n or_o servant_n in_o the_o like_a occasion_n which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a confidence_n merchant_n great_a confidence_n among_o merchant_n consider_v the_o easy_a transfer_v of_o bâ—lles_n already_o speak_v of_o for_o a_o merchant_n set_v his_o name_n to_o a_o blank_a paper_n his_o factor_n or_o servant_n have_v a_o ability_n to_o wrong_v his_o master_n many_o way_n therefore_o such_o as_o be_v provident_a do_v restrain_v that_o power_n by_o certain_a covenant_n or_o declaration_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o be_v know_v unto_o the_o party_n that_o do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o say_a blank_n may_v become_v scrupelous_a thereupon_o to_o be_v well_o deal_v withal_o howsoever_o we_o see_v what_o honest_a and_o plain_a deal_n be_v use_v among_o merchant_n and_o what_o adventure_n they_o bear_v to_o compass_v their_o business_n a_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n will_v send_v his_o servant_n at_o amsterdam_n to_o buy_v he_o 500_o last_v of_o corn_n upon_o advice_n he_o have_v that_o corn_n be_v spoil_v or_o the_o harvest_n fail_v in_o spain_n portugal_n and_o other_o place_n and_o because_o he_o be_v uncertain_a what_o his_o servant_n can_v effect_v doubt_v that_o other_o man_n may_v have_v the_o like_a advice_n and_o prevent_v he_o he_o deliver_v blank_a paper_n by_o he_o subscribe_v with_o order_n to_o his_o say_a servant_n that_o he_o shall_v upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n write_v his_o letter_n upon_o the_o say_a paper_n to_o such_o 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of_o debt_n herein_o we_o may_v consider_v a_o necessity_n to_o give_v blank_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o master_n credit_v requisite_a but_o also_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o find_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v chap._n xv._o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v or_o conveyance_n etc._n a_o definition_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n etc._n etc._n a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v a_o act_n public_o do_v before_o a_o notary_n or_o scrivener_n whereby_o one_o man_n give_v power_n and_o authority_n of_o himself_o unto_o another_o man_n by_o way_n of_o deputation_n to_o do_v execute_v and_o perform_v for_o he_o any_o lawful_a thing_n which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o constituant_fw-la might_n or_o may_v aswell_o present_a as_o absent_a do_v conclude_v and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o politic_a with_o power_n also_o to_o substitute_n one_o or_o more_o person_n to_o do_v the_o same_o under_o he_o in_o the_o say_v first_o constituant_n name_n and_o to_o swear_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o he_o if_o cause_n so_o require_v albeit_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o substance_n which_o must_v be_v observe_v they_o be_v call_v beyond_o the_o sea_n procuration_n to_o procure_v or_o effect_v that_o which_o a_o man_n will_v have_v common_o in_o a_o other_o place_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o authority_n for_o law_n cause_n they_o go_v one_o degree_n further_o than_o letter_n of_o credit_n because_o the_o law_n do_v require_v the_o same_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o authority_n or_o power_n of_o the_o party_n constitute_v may_v public_o appear_v wherein_o a_o letter_n missive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a as_o the_o same_o be_v in_o thing_n concern_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o negotiation_n and_o deal_n between_o merchant_n which_o by_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v of_o great_a validity_n procuration_n general_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n contain_v the_o word_n irrevocable_a irrevocable_a pâ—ocurations_n irrevocable_a imply_v that_o power_n give_v shall_v endure_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o it_o be_v take_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o word_n be_v use_v pro_fw-la forma_fw-la and_o a_o procuration_n or_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v revocable_a at_o all_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v contain_v a_o transport_v of_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v convey_v thereby_o as_o if_o a_o man_n do_v constitute_v another_o for_o the_o recouver_n of_o certain_a money_n for_o the_o party_n own_o proper_a use_n without_o account_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o and_o the_o say_a party_n have_v recover_v the_o say_a money_n by_o virtue_n of_o it_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n can_v be_v revoke_v to_o any_o purpose_n the_o effect_n be_v full_o perform_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o procurator_n in_o law_n to_o follow_v a_o cause_n for_o you_o in_o law_n although_o the_o same_o be_v make_v irrevocable_a yet_o upon_o good_a cause_n you_o may_v revoke_v the_o same_o and_o appoint_v another_o to_o follow_v the_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v common_o do_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o court_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v consist_v or_o depend_v and_o because_o the_o intimation_n and_o citation_n be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v the_o nomination_n of_o some_o place_n as_o it_o be_v to_o choose_v a_o domicilium_fw-la must_v be_v do_v power_n procuration_n with_o a_o limit_a power_n but_o the_o power_n may_v be_v limit_v a_o attorney_n may_v have_v authority_n to_o convict_v a_o man_n by_o law_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o money_n or_o good_n and_o to_o proceed_v to_o execution_n by_o imprison_v of_o the_o debtor_n yet_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o release_v he_o out_o of_o prison_n without_o further_a authority_n so_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o good_n or_o money_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v to_o use_v his_o discretion_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v a_o merchant_n may_v also_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o notary_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o make_v any_o insinuation_n or_o intimation_n or_o protest_v against_o any_o other_o merchant_n there_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o all_o occasion_n or_o occurrence_n concern_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n for_o a_o procuration_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o validity_n that_o the_o party_n who_o have_v the_o same_o and_o be_v the_o procurator_n be_v take_v in_o law_n as_o absolute_a as_o the_o constituant_fw-la and_o many_o sundry_a proceed_n may_v be_v use_v against_o he_o according_o by_o citation_n intimation_n protest_v recovery_n of_o good_n deliver_v former_o and_o recall_v back_o again_o or_o the_o value_n thereof_o upon_o any_o attachment_n or_o sequestration_n which_o can_v be_v do_v against_o a_o man_n factor_n or_o servant_n procurator_n a_o caveat_n for_o procurator_n therefore_o they_o that_o have_v procuration_n be_v to_o be_v careful_a of_o the_o dispossess_v of_o themselves_o of_o any_o good_n or_o money_n receive_v to_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o law_n which_o happen_v common_o of_o good_n take_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o sequester_v in_o any_o harbour_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n the_o civilians_n entreat_v of_o procuration_n or_o constitution_n under_o titulas_fw-la mandati_fw-la have_v well_o observe_v mandata_fw-la the_o original_n of_o mandata_fw-la that_o commandment_n have_v their_o original_n from_o friendship_n or_o out_o of_o authority_n of_o office_n and_o place_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v diligent_o to_o be_v execute_v and_o keep_v and_o hereupon_o they_o have_v also_o note_v diverse_a question_n and_o proposition_n nos_fw-la igitur_fw-la pauca_fw-la tractabimus_fw-la adrem_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la agitur_fw-la pertinentia_fw-la a.b._n will_v c.d._n his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v unto_o e._n â—_o one_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o do_v owe_v he_o c.d._n do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a money_n but_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o queritur_fw-la whether_o c.d._n have_v perform_v the_o commission_n or_o commandment_n give_v he_o and_o whether_o he_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n as_o also_o whether_o this_o order_n or_o commission_n can_v be_v revoke_v a.b._n owe_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o e.f._n herein_o c.d._n have_v not_o perform_v his_o commission_n which_o be_v to_o pay_v and_o not_o to_o promise_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v revoke_v and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v entire_a and_o all_o entire_a commission_n be_v revocable_a mandatum_fw-la enim_fw-la re_fw-la integra_fw-la revocari_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o si_fw-la stipulatio_fw-la promissiove_n interuenerit_fw-la cum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la mandaverim_fw-la for_o if_o c.d._n shall_v break_v or_o become_v insoluent_a e.f._n will_v come_v to_o a.b._n his_o debtor_n to_o have_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o say_a money_n and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n owe_v unto_o a.b._n but_o if_o e.f._n have_v take_v his_o promise_n for_o payment_n then_o upon_o proof_n make_v of_o it_o the_o case_n be_v clear_a it_o be_v a_o question_n also_o whether_o a_o procurator_n have_v commission_n to_o receive_v money_n which_o be_v owe_v or_o lend_v and_o to_o give_v a_o acquittance_n for_o the_o same_o and_o receive_v the_o money_n without_o make_v a_o acquittance_n have_v perform_v his_o commission_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o have_v not_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o he_o make_v no_o acquittance_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la confessio_fw-la aliud_fw-la numeratio_fw-la albeit_o the_o acquittance_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o procurator_n but_o the_o party_n who_o repay_v the_o money_n another_o case_n they_o handle_v at_o large_a bartholomew_n do_v make_v and_o constitute_v nicholas_n to_o be_v his_o procurator_n or_o agent_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o he_o the_o constituant_fw-la to_o be_v answerable_a for_o the_o price_n and_o total_a sum_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o withal_o give_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n unto_o the_o say_a nicholas_n that_o his_o procuration_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o available_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o honest_a person_n gerome_n john_n and_o angel_n of_o who_o the_o say_v constituant_fw-la have_v his_o commission_n and_o that_o they_o also_o together_o and_o apart_o insolidum_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o performance_n and_o himself_o also_o nicholas_n the_o procurator_n by_o the_o commission_n of_o jerome_n john_n and_o angel_n as_o also_o
of_o bartholomew_n cause_v by_o a_o instrument_n or_o act_n pass_v before_o a_o notary_n the_o say_a party_n to_o be_v name_v in_o the_o contract_n and_o thereby_o bind_v they_o unto_o titus_n and_o mevius_n for_o the_o commodity_n buy_v of_o they_o to_o the_o value_n or_o sum_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n but_o bartholomew_n be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o article_n whereby_o the_o other_o party_n be_v bind_v in_o the_o covenant_n whereupon_o some_o will_v conclude_v that_o for_o want_v of_o form_n bartholomew_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o payment_n although_o by_o commission_n of_o the_o other_o three_o he_o have_v constitute_v and_o make_v nicholas_n to_o be_v the_o procurator_n regard_v in_o procuration_n the_o will_n of_o the_o constituant_fw-la be_v to_o be_v regard_v the_o rule_n in_o law_n be_v quod_fw-la una_fw-la determinatio_fw-la respiciens_fw-la plura_fw-la determinabilia_fw-la aqualiter_fw-la terminare_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o herein_o be_v the_o intention_n and_o will_n of_o all_o the_o contractor_n more_o to_o be_v regard_v than_o the_o conceit_n of_o word_n which_o cause_v merchant_n to_o be_v account_v cavillor_n and_o to_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o credit_n and_o reputation_n it_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n among_o merchant_n that_o if_o the_o master_n know_v that_o his_o procurator_n have_v exceed_v his_o commission_n be_v silent_a the_o same_o be_v take_v for_o a_o consent_n the_o rather_o because_o procuration_n common_o run_v in_o general_a word_n whereby_o factor_n be_v direct_v do_v comprehend_v all_o thing_n which_o of_o course_n be_v to_o be_v do_v touch_v money_n or_o payment_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o question_n therefore_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o procurator_n have_v commission_n to_o sell_v commodity_n or_o to_o let_v they_o to_o hire_v at_o a_o price_n have_v authority_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n or_o hire_n may_v be_v think_v frivolus_fw-la for_o the_o buyer_n in_o matter_n of_o sale_n of_o commodity_n in_o market_n overt_a have_v no_o regard_n to_o the_o procuration_n or_o commission_n give_v to_o the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n the_o like_a may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o question_n follow_v whether_o a_o merchant_n sell_v cloth_n unto_o a_o abbot_n to_o clothe_v his_o friar_n or_o monk_n shall_v not_o be_v satisfy_v and_o pay_v for_o his_o cloth_n although_o the_o abbot_n do_v divert_v and_o employ_v the_o same_o afterward_o to_o another_o use_n for_o the_o use_n be_v no_o matter_n to_o be_v regard_v by_o the_o merchant_n but_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o cloth_n if_o a_o man_n buy_v paper_n for_o the_o print_n of_o a_o book_n do_v not_o print_v the_o book_n and_o sell_v the_o paper_n unto_o another_o merchant_n that_o be_v no_o cause_n but_o he_o must_v pay_v for_o the_o paper_n whereof_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o make_v doubt_n if_o a_o merchant_n make_v a_o procurator_n etc._n doubt_n in_o procuration_n by_o who_o to_o be_v prove_v etc._n etc._n or_o by_o letter_n give_v credit_n to_o negotiate_v some_o business_n with_o another_o merchant_n if_o this_o merchant_n do_v take_v exception_n to_o the_o procuration_n and_o letter_n and_o make_v doubt_n whether_o the_o party_n that_o bring_v the_o same_o be_v the_o right_a man_n the_o procurator_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o further_a proof_n but_o the_o party_n except_v against_o he_o be_v to_o make_v good_a his_o assertion_n and_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n another_o question_n be_v move_v whether_o a_o merchant_n that_o have_v commission_n to_o receive_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o unto_o another_o and_o beside_o to_o pay_v the_o interest_n due_a unto_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o pay_v that_o money_n be_v bind_v to_o prove_v what_o interest_n he_o pay_v and_o to_o who_o he_o pay_v that_o interest_n or_o use_n money_n it_o seem_v prima_fw-la front_n that_o the_o merchant_n be_v bind_v to_o name_v the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o pay_v the_o say_a use_n money_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v doubt_v make_v whether_o he_o shall_v pay_v it_o without_o he_o be_v compel_v thereunto_o as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a and_o therefore_o the_o commission_n or_o order_n the_o merchant_n have_v be_v not_o to_o be_v contradict_v but_o must_v be_v allow_v without_o any_o other_o proof_n for_o this_o question_n be_v so_o resolve_v by_o the_o civilians_n and_o where_o the_o proof_n be_v not_o needful_a there_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v pay_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n qui_fw-fr non_fw-fr tenetur_fw-la probare_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la nominare_fw-la it_o be_v also_o worthy_a the_o observation_n arbitrator_n commission_n subject_a to_o arbitrator_n that_o general_o all_o civilians_n do_v concur_v in_o opinion_n that_o when_o merchant_n by_o their_o letter_n or_o commission_n use_v these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n let_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v as_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o expedient_a or_o convenient_a that_o the_o say_v commission_n or_o direction_n be_v to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o interpretation_n of_o arbitrator_n when_o any_o question_n arise_v which_o be_v also_o in_o many_o more_o question_n concern_v merchant_n note_v in_o most_o of_o their_o law_n book_n hereof_o we_o intend_v god_n will_v to_o entreat_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n concern_v factor_n and_o servant_n and_o the_o commission_n give_v they_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o procuration_n in_o thing_n complete_a and_o not_o effect_v be_v understand_v to_o end_v with_o the_o death_n of_o the_o master_n or_o merchant_n that_o give_v such_o procuration_n albeit_o there_o be_v many_o exception_n for_o a_o procuration_n may_v be_v make_v to_o endure_v after_o his_o death_n etc._n procuration_n to_o continue_v after_o death_n etc._n etc._n which_o kind_n of_o procuration_n the_o florentine_n and_o other_o nation_n confirm_v by_o their_o last_o will_n &_o testament_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o heir_n be_v not_o impair_v thereby_o wherein_o the_o law_n interpose_v her_o authority_n and_o for_o a_o general_a rule_n in_o all_o peremptory_a and_o absolute_a procuration_n or_o commission_n it_o must_v be_v know_v that_o the_o like_a authority_n be_v use_v to_o prevent_v many_o inconueniency_n have_v a_o vigilant_a care_n that_o equity_n be_v maintain_v and_o that_o all_o merchant_n or_o procurator_n for_o merchant_n be_v to_o accomplish_v the_o lawful_a commission_n give_v they_o and_o mean_n thereunto_o be_v provide_v or_o else_o to_o answer_v the_o damage_n which_o the_o party_n shall_v receive_v by_o the_o default_n thereof_o those_o therefore_o that_o without_o any_o commission_n do_v undertake_v thing_n which_o bring_v loss_n unto_o the_o party_n be_v much_o to_o be_v blame_v and_o by_o a_o full_a measure_n to_o answer_v foâ—_n the_o same_o or_o to_o make_v by_o gain_v a_o recompense_n for_o the_o loss_n as_o occasion_n serve_v constituto_fw-la de_fw-fr constituto_fw-la some_o that_o have_v write_v de_fw-la constituto_fw-la have_v move_v question_n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n if_o the_o constituant_fw-la do_v bound_v himself_o to_o perform_v or_o else_o to_o loose_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n other_o whether_o a_o commission_n shall_v be_v execute_v by_o a_o ordinary_a messenger_n other_o whether_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o use_v the_o word_n you_o shall_v give_v he_o full_a credit_n and_o trust_v in_o what_o he_o have_v undertake_v to_o do_v how_o long_o the_o commission_n shall_v endure_v if_o there_o be_v no_o time_n limit_v and_o the_o like_a question_n which_o upon_o due_a consideration_n be_v easy_o resolve_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n impertinent_a to_o trouble_v merchant_n with_o they_o such_o only_a as_o be_v material_a shall_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xvi_o of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o factor_n and_o a_o servant_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o a_o factor_n be_v create_v by_o merchant_n letter_n and_o take_v salary_n or_o provision_n of_o factoridge_n but_o a_o servant_n or_o a_o apprentice_n be_v by_o his_o master_n entertain_v some_o receive_v wage_n yearly_a and_o some_o other_o without_o wage_n a_o factor_n be_v bind_v to_o answer_v the_o loss_n which_o happen_v by_o overpass_v or_o exceed_v his_o commission_n whereas_o a_o servant_n be_v not_o but_o may_v incur_v his_o master_n displeasure_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o spanish_a proverb_n be_v quien_v passa_fw-la commission_n pierde_v provision_n that_o he_o that_o exceed_v his_o commission_n shall_v lose_v his_o factoridge_n factor_n alteration_n of_o the_o case_n with_o factor_n the_o case_n be_v alter_v long_o since_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o now_o it_o be_v subâ—lca_n lo_o paga_fw-la his_o purse_n
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v for_o some_o 1200_o will_v which_o he_o have_v receive_v if_o the_o good_n have_v not_o be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o the_o say_a factor_n take_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o composition_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o experience_a merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n by_o error_n of_o account_n do_v wrong_a unto_o a_o merchant_n account_n account_n he_o be_v to_o amend_v and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o not_o only_o for_o the_o principal_a but_o also_o with_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o factor_n for_o his_o own_o wrong_n have_v forget_v to_o charge_v the_o merchant_n account_n with_o some_o parcel_n pay_v out_o for_o he_o or_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o with_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n in_o these_o precedent_a observation_n be_v comprise_v all_o other_o case_n of_o difference_n which_o may_v happen_v between_o factor_n and_o merchant_n cahp._n xvii_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n the_o beginning_n must_v be_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n law_n rhodian_a law_n situate_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n who_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o ship_v and_o sail_v as_o strabo_n have_v write_v and_o surpass_v all_o nation_n in_o knowledge_n of_o equity_n in_o maritime_a cause_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v for_o above_o one_o thousand_o year_n only_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n call_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o augment_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o last_o as_o some_o have_v record_v when_o all_o sort_n of_o law_n by_o the_o eversion_n and_o lacerate_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bury_v the_o ruler_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1075_o make_v new_a sea_n law_n and_o statute_n and_o so_o do_v every_o chief_a seafaring_a town_n upon_o the_o say_a mediterranean_a coast_n add_v thereunto_o other_o ordinance_n so_o do_v they_o of_o marseilles_n in_o the_o year_n 1162_o genoa_n in_o the_o year_n 1186_o they_o of_o peloponessus_n call_v morea_n in_o the_o year_n 1200_o the_o venetian_n in_o the_o year_n 1262_o constantine_n 1270_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n the_o say_a year_n peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n 1340_o and_o they_o of_o barselona_n 1434_o which_o law_n be_v collect_v and_o extant_a until_o this_o day_n but_o on_o the_o great_a ocean_n sea_n oleron_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o first_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o france_n near_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n against_o the_o river_n of_o charante_n which_o be_v call_v le_fw-fr roll_n d'_fw-fr oleron_n by_o which_o the_o controversy_n on_o that_o coast_n be_v determine_v and_o the_o say_a law_n be_v afterward_o disperse_v and_o bring_v in_o use_n in_o england_n and_o the_o low_a country_n whereupon_o diverse_a statute_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o seafaring_a business_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n diverse_a ordinance_n in_o the_o low_a country_n especial_o since_o their_o fish_n trade_n begin_v edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n cause_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o diverse_a man_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o maritime_a cause_n diverse_a article_n to_o be_v set_v down_o france_n admiralty_n court_n in_o france_n and_o these_o be_v enroll_v and_o obey_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiral_n court_n and_o the_o french_a king_n john_n make_v his_o contract_n with_o king_n edward_z according_o concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o by_o the_o record_n extant_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o i_o have_v see_v they_o may_v appear_v francis_n the_o french_a king_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o france_n have_v make_v some_o statute_n law_n concern_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o
do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
and_o these_o contract_n be_v make_v by_o public_a act_n and_o instrument_n before_o notary_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o thing_n agree_v upon_o on_o either_o side_n may_v be_v due_o accomplish_v and_o in_o these_o great_a contract_n beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o payment_n be_v the_o most_o part_n for_o great_a sum_n make_v in_o bank_n also_o because_o of_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o it_o as_o you_o shall_v note_v hereafter_o beside_o this_o many_o merchant_n do_v make_v contract_n and_o pass_v they_o likewise_o before_o notary_n or_o scrivener_n because_o that_o thing_n contract_v for_o may_v require_v time_n to_o effect_v they_o as_o for_o example_n a_o merchant_n adventurer_n sell_v unto_o a_o merchant_n of_o middleborough_n two_o or_o three_o hundred_o clothes_n of_o know_a mark_n whereby_o the_o goodness_n be_v also_o know_v at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o pack_n of_o ten_o clothes_n to_o be_v deliver_v at_o middleborough_n from_o time_n to_o time_n during_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n and_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n do_v agree_v that_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o these_o clothes_n he_o will_v send_v to_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n linen_n cloth_n and_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o london_n to_o pay_v himself_o as_o aforesaid_a which_o commodity_n be_v also_o send_v from_o time_n to_o time_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o say_a time_n of_o six_o month_n and_o the_o reckon_n between_o they_o shall_v run_v according_o hereupon_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o write_v before_o a_o notary_n public_a and_o therein_o diverse_a condition_n be_v to_o be_v specify_v and_o observe_v contract_n condition_n of_o a_o merchant_n contract_n first_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o concern_v the_o price_n of_o the_o clothes_n sell_v amount_v to_o such_o a_o sum_n sterling_a money_n call_v lawful_a money_n of_o england_n there_o shall_v be_v give_v for_o every_o twenty_o shilling_n or_o pound_n sterling_a so_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n as_o they_o shall_v agree_v according_a to_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n and_o these_o be_v shilling_n and_o penny_n flemish_a money_n whereof_o there_o be_v 35_o or_o 36_o shilling_n or_o 35_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n or_o 36_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n give_v or_o allow_v in_o account_n between_o they_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o so_o after_o the_o rate_n for_o so_o many_o hundred_o pound_n or_o thousand_o pound_n as_o the_o clothes_n may_v amount_v unto_o second_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n shall_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o his_o clothes_n and_o deliver_v they_o upon_o his_o adventure_n charge_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o all_o casualty_n unto_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n within_o the_o town_n or_o warehouse_n of_o the_o merchant_n there_o and_o likewise_o that_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n shall_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o his_o linen_n cloth_n and_o other_o commodity_n answer_v the_o king_n custom_n and_o all_o charge_n incident_a upon_o the_o say_a commodity_n until_o they_o be_v free_o take_v up_o into_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n warehouse_n here_o three_o it_o be_v agree_v between_o they_o these_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v sell_v paiable_a at_o time_n of_o payment_n that_o if_o any_o bad_a debt_n shall_v be_v make_v thereby_o either_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n be_v to_o bear_v the_o loss_n thereof_o or_o else_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n do_v take_v the_o hazard_n and_o adventure_v of_o it_o upon_o he_o for_o the_o consideration_n or_o allowance_n of_o double_a factoridge_n or_o two_o upon_o the_o hundred_o four_o it_o be_v agree_v between_o they_o that_o if_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n be_v not_o make_v within_o the_o time_n of_o six_o month_n according_a as_o the_o clothes_n be_v sell_v then_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n for_o the_o money_n by_o he_o not_o receive_v within_o the_o time_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n last_o because_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n take_v pain_n in_o the_o sell_n of_o the_o merchandise_n and_o commodity_n of_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n to_o pay_v himself_o it_o be_v also_o agree_v upon_o that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n shall_v have_v allowance_n of_o factoridge_n for_o it_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o two_o pro_fw-la cent._n which_o he_o shall_v have_v give_v unto_o another_o factor_n to_o sell_v the_o same_o for_o he_o this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o a_o merchant_n contract_n wherein_o it_o seem_v all_o thing_n have_v be_v well_o consider_v and_o agree_v upon_o yet_o the_o principal_a matter_n for_o good_a and_o sure_a deal_n be_v omit_v contract_n defective_a contract_n which_o be_v not_o only_o to_o covenant_n that_o the_o middleborough_n merchant_n shall_v send_v he_o good_a and_o merchantable_a ware_n or_o commodity_n to_o make_v money_n of_o or_o to_o sell_v to_o good_a customer_n that_o will_v make_v he_o good_a payment_n but_o especial_o that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o send_v he_o more_o clothes_n than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n receive_v shall_v amount_v unto_o from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o further_o if_o he_o do_v not_o send_v he_o within_o the_o time_n the_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n requisite_a to_o pay_v himself_o for_o so_o many_o clothes_n the_o say_v middleborough_n merchant_n shall_v pay_v he_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o his_o money_n in_o clothes_n or_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n agree_v upon_o between_o they_o for_o the_o non-performance_n thereof_o in_o like_a manner_n a_o london_n merchant_n do_v contract_n with_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n here_o and_o buy_v of_o he_o a_o certain_a commodity_n whereof_o the_o goodness_n be_v common_o know_v by_o the_o mark_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o fabrica_fw-la or_o make_n as_o velvet_n satin_n silk_n fustian_n and_o other_o commodity_n to_o be_v here_o deliver_v unto_o he_o by_o such_o a_o day_n or_o within_o so_o many_o month_n at_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o between_o they_o with_o the_o manner_n of_o payment_n and_o other_o condition_n agree_v also_o hereupon_o likewise_o pass_v a_o notariall_a contract_n which_o be_v perform_v according_o but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a velvet_n and_o silk_n by_o some_o accident_n or_o occasion_n do_v fall_v and_o the_o london_n merchant_n do_v repent_v himself_o of_o his_o bargain_n and_o contract_n and_o now_o some_o of_o the_o say_v foreign_a commodity_n be_v come_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o arrive_v within_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n whereupon_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n give_v notice_n unto_o he_o of_o it_o and_o the_o london_n merchant_n seem_v unwilling_a to_o receive_v the_o say_a commodity_n and_o be_v constrain_v either_o by_o a_o scrivener_n or_o with_o witness_n to_o offer_v unto_o he_o the_o say_a commodity_n according_a to_o their_o contract_n contract_n tender_v of_o commodity_n sell_v by_o contract_n here_o note_v that_o this_o offer_n or_o tender_v so_o make_v be_v of_o no_o validity_n or_o effect_n in_o law_n for_o until_o the_o king_n custom_n be_v pay_v for_o the_o say_v good_n and_o that_o you_o have_v receive_v they_o into_o your_o power_n or_o custody_n you_o can_v make_v no_o lawful_a offer_n of_o they_o moreover_o if_o you_o have_v pay_v the_o king_n custom_n for_o they_o and_o have_v they_o in_o your_o custody_n and_o power_n and_o do_v make_v tender_a of_o they_o before_o the_o time_n yet_o the_o law_n be_v not_o satisfy_v herein_o but_o you_o must_v tender_v they_o also_o upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o delivery_n because_o the_o damage_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o you_o by_o law_n must_v take_v a_o certain_a ground_n upon_o the_o limitation_n of_o time_n and_o not_o upon_o casualty_n for_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n shall_v rise_v within_o that_o time_n and_o you_o may_v sell_v they_o for_o a_o great_a gain_n and_o by_o that_o time_n of_o the_o last_o day_n of_o your_o delivery_n they_o may_v be_v fall_v again_o in_o price_n and_o you_o may_v have_v provide_v another_o parcel_n for_o the_o same_o so_o that_o both_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n you_o be_v to_o make_v your_o tender_a upon_o the_o very_a day_n by_o a_o scrivener_n or_o with_o competent_a witness_n whereof_o i_o have_v see_v sufficient_a trial_n in_o law_n and_o according_a to_o these_o two_o example_n you_o may_v judge_v and_o consider_v of_o all_o other_o the_o like_a contract_n we_o call_v notariall_a private_a verbal_a contract_n call_v private_a verbal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o party_n and_o party_n or_o by_o mean_n of_o broker_n or_o mediator_n and_o that_o only_a by_o word_n without_o writing_n such_o be_v the_o daily_a
pay_v for_o all_o and_o the_o ship_n shall_v also_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o according_a to_o indifferent_a judgement_n if_o by_o storm_n a_o ship_n break_v loose_a and_o run_v upon_o another_o and_o indamage_v the_o same_o the_o loss_n to_o be_v repair_v as_o aforesaid_a if_o a_o ship_n receive_v damage_n by_o the_o anchor_n of_o another_o ship_n have_v his_o boy_n the_o same_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o damage_n and_o if_o both_o ship_n be_v in_o fault_n than_o the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v proportionable_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v safe_o arrive_v to_o his_o place_n of_o discharge_n the_o mariner_n be_v to_o be_v diligent_a to_o look_v to_o their_o discharge_n good_n of_o discharge_v of_o ship_n and_o deliver_v of_o good_n upon_o pain_n of_o half_a wage_n no_o master_n shall_v sell_v any_o of_o the_o ship_n victual_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o prevent_v some_o loss_n and_o so_o bring_v the_o money_n to_o account_v or_o upon_o necessity_n of_o other_o to_o help_v they_o in_o distress_n and_o the_o remain_a victual_n he_o be_v to_o deliver_v to_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o mariner_n shall_v take_v no_o part_n thereof_o after_o discharge_n and_o the_o purser_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o it_o the_o mariner_n be_v not_o to_o cast_v the_o ballast_n into_o the_o water_n but_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o appoint_a place_n etc._n of_o the_o master_n reckon_n and_o of_o the_o lade_n etc._n etc._n the_o master_n be_v to_o deliver_v instant_o upon_o his_o discharge_n a_o true_a account_n etc._n etc._n the_o portage_n of_o mariner_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v for_o spain_n nor_o france_n etc._n etc._n but_o when_o they_o be_v lade_v with_o salt_n than_o they_o may_v have_v it_o homeward_o wagesextraordinarie_a of_o wagesextraordinarie_a the_o mariner_n deserve_v well_o be_v to_o have_v certain_a extraordinary_a wage_n and_o in_o all_o accident_n and_o sickness_n to_o be_v provide_v for_o all_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n before_o declare_v chap._n xxxiiii_o of_o navigation_n and_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n traffic_n and_o commerce_n without_o navigation_n will_v be_v of_o small_a moment_n therefore_o even_o as_o god_n the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v make_v of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n on_o perfect_a globe_n for_o their_o more_o mutual_a service_n to_o man_n use_n so_o have_v he_o also_o distribute_v his_o several_a and_o distinct_a blessing_n to_o diverse_a climate_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o supply_v the_o barrenness_n of_o some_o thing_n in_o one_o country_n with_o the_o superfluity_n and_o fruitfulness_n of_o other_o country_n there_o may_v be_v a_o communication_n and_o intercourse_n between_o all_o nation_n by_o way_n of_o traffic_n and_o commutation_n of_o thing_n interchangeable_o whetby_o one_o commonweal_n shall_v live_v with_o another_o so_o that_o traffic_n between_o all_o people_n have_v peace_n one_o with_o another_o be_v free_a and_o according_a to_o the_o common_a right_n of_o mankind_n nation_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n â—ure_n gentium_fw-la the_o navigation_n through_o all_o the_o world_n be_v no_o less_o free_a and_o open_a to_o every_o one_o than_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n god_n have_v so_o dispose_v of_o the_o four_o eliment_n two_o to_o swim_v above_o man_n head_n and_o two_o to_o lie_v under_o his_o foot_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o passage_n both_o upon_o land_n and_o sea_n through_o all_o christian_a region_n be_v and_o have_v be_v so_o indifferent_o permit_v to_o all_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n even_o to_o turk_n jew_n barbarian_n and_o pagan_n not_o be_v profess_a enemy_n much_o less_o to_o be_v restrain_v therefore_o of_o christian_n in_o all_o respect_n both_o by_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o sea_n understand_v the_o great_a main_a ocean_n sea_n which_o can_v be_v hinder_v but_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n this_o excellent_a art_n of_o navigation_n be_v now_o so_o much_o practise_v and_o know_v that_o the_o voyage_n heretofore_o perform_v by_o sir_n francis_n drake_n knight_n and_o after_o he_o by_o master_n candish_n sail_v round_o about_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o less_o than_o three_o year_n time_n be_v become_v no_o matter_n of_o admiration_n and_o may_v be_v do_v in_o far_o short_a time_n as_o daily_a experience_n do_v prove_v marvelous_a be_v that_o natural_a property_n of_o the_o magnes_n call_v the_o loadstone_n or_o adamant_n stone_n compass_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n whereby_o the_o needle_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v touch_v immediate_o turn_v to_o some_o one_o certain_a point_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o after_o sundry_a motion_n hither_o and_o thither_o find_v rest_n only_o in_o one_o place_n and_o point_n and_o albeit_o this_o point_n in_o several_a orison_n be_v different_a yet_o in_o any_o one_o horizon_n it_o remain_v permanent_a and_o therefore_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o proceed_v of_o some_o constant_a permanent_a cause_n natural_a and_o not_o of_o any_o uncertain_a cause_n accidental_a but_o what_o this_o cause_n shall_v be_v be_v hitherto_o unknown_a the_o most_o probable_a and_o best_a allow_v be_v the_o point_n attractive_a which_o shall_v be_v of_o such_o virtue_n as_o to_o draw_v the_o needle_n touch_v always_o towards_o the_o same_o point_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a rock_n of_o magnes_n stone_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n certain_a grade_n i_o have_v of_o late_a year_n see_v a_o magnes_n stone_n which_o the_o party_n say_v to_o have_v have_v from_o a_o rock_n in_o sweathland_n which_o weigh_v not_o much_o more_o than_o one_o pound_n and_o such_o be_v the_o attractive_a power_n of_o it_o that_o thereby_o a_o anchor_n of_o thirty_o pound_n weight_n be_v draw_v up_o as_o myself_o and_o diverse_a other_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o howsoever_o this_o mathematical_a reason_n follow_v be_v worthy_a the_o consideration_n of_o a_o good_a judgement_n as_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o all_o other_o motion_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v immovable_a and_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o spherical_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o every_o several_a horizon_n make_v a_o line_n meridional_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o section_n make_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o orison_n by_o meridian_n have_v all_o that_o axis_n as_o their_o common_a diameter_n so_o may_v it_o also_o come_v to_o pass_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o his_o variation_n the_o needle_n be_v always_o permanent_a in_o one_o plain_a superficies_n according_a to_o the_o several_a section_n of_o the_o plain_a wherein_o it_o rest_v and_o the_o horizon_n there_o may_v continual_o be_v make_v in_o every_o plain_a new_a variation_n for_o a_o fimile_n as_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n of_o equal_a weight_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a motion_n too_o and_o fro_o before_o they_o find_v their_o true_a place_n of_o rest_n the_o same_o be_v only_o in_o the_o level_a of_o the_o horizon_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o attractive_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o draw_v unto_o he_o either_o weight_n with_o like_a force_n find_v the_o substance_n like_o also_o compel_v they_o to_o rest_v in_o the_o superficies_n like_o distant_a from_o that_o attractive_a centre_n so_o in_o the_o needle_n be_v a_o body_n endue_v with_o two_o several_a property_n the_o one_o of_o gravity_n and_o the_o other_o of_o levity_n which_o be_v equal_o peize_v force_v he_o to_o abide_v in_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o be_v magnetical_a and_o receive_v by_o the_o touch_n cause_v he_o to_o rest_v always_o in_o that_o one_o meridian_n to_o the_o magnes_n appropriate_v it_o thereby_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o sundry_a balance_v this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n it_o only_o settle_v in_o the_o common_a section_n of_o this_o peculiar_a meridian_n and_o horizon_n so_o that_o even_o as_o in_o diall_n the_o line_n of_o the_o stile_n only_o accord_v and_o concur_v with_o the_o meridian_n line_n in_o such_o as_o be_v void_a of_o declination_n but_o in_o all_o such_o plain_n as_o be_v declinatorie_n the_o line_n of_o the_o style_n vari_v from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o same_o angle_n of_o variation_n also_o alter_v as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o inclination_n as_o declination_n so_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v this_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o angle_n comprehend_v between_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n to_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o horizonceall_n plain_a and_o this_o angle_n to_o be_v always_o exact_o equal_a to_o the_o angle_n contain_v of_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o line_n of_o the_o style_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n propon_v account_v from_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n be_v equal_a
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christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
as_o for_o the_o erect_n of_o school_n and_o university_n maintenance_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n reparation_n of_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o ditch_n for_o the_o plantation_n of_o collonye_n of_o people_n in_o other_o country_n and_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n for_o their_o maintenance_n as_o also_o to_o erect_v pawne-house_n to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a suppress_v intolerable_a usury_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n concern_v money_n the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n lotarie_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n lot_n and_o albeit_o all_o lotary_n be_v thing_n casual_a in_o respect_n of_o man_n to_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v yet_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n they_o be_v certain_a in_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v divine_a dispose_n of_o the_o lot_n insomuch_o that_o howsoever_o the_o word_n fortune_n chance_n fate_n destiny_n and_o casualty_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o heathen_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o respect_v the_o effect_n and_o operation_n of_o god_n towards_o man_n they_o be_v proper_a distinction_n of_o god_n divine_a providence_n and_o hence_o arise_v the_o proverb_n nemo_fw-la sva_fw-la sort_n contentus_fw-la vivit_fw-la *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xlii_o of_o association_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n association_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n or_o state_n upon_o grant_n make_v by_o letter_n patent_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v society_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n adventurer_n society_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n which_o be_v of_o 400_o year_n stand_v or_o thereabouts_o reckon_v from_o the_o year_n 1248_o when_o the_o say_v merchant_n obtain_v privilege_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o be_v call_v the_o brotherhood_n of_o saint_n thomas_n becket_n of_o canturburie_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o edward_z the_o four_o henry_n the_o six_o richard_z the_o three_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n after_o he_o also_o confirm_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o edward_n the_o six_o queen_n marie_n queen_n elizabeth_n and_o last_o by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n not_o without_o many_o enemy_n and_o opposition_n and_o most_o especial_o of_o late_a tax_v they_o to_o be_v monopolizer_n and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o all_o our_o clothes_n be_v not_o dress_v and_o dye_v in_o england_n whereupon_o their_o patent_n be_v for_o a_o time_n suspend_v but_o afterwards_o confirm_v again_o unto_o they_o by_o his_o majesty_n ample_a proclamation_n as_o this_o society_n be_v of_o ancient_a estimation_n so_o be_v their_o government_n very_o commendable_a and_o preserve_v the_o amity_n and_o intercourse_n between_o the_o realm_n and_o other_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o state_n vent_v the_o best_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o every_o man_n sell_v free_o at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o any_o combination_n or_o limitation_n to_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o service_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o they_o may_v daily_o see_v and_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v etc._n society_n of_o east-indies_n virginia_n etc._n etc._n the_o east-india_n merchant_n be_v also_o a_o society_n but_o their_o adventurer_n run_v all_o into_o main_a stock_n and_o be_v govern_v and_o carry_v all_o joint_o upon_o benefit_n or_o loss_n this_o company_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1599_o so_o the_o merchant_n of_o turkey_n be_v a_o society_n also_o the_o virginia_n and_o barmuda_n merchant_n and_o diverse_a other_o be_v society_n incorporate_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o other_o association_n be_v do_v by_o and_o between_o merchant_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n contract_n partnership_n by_o contract_n join_v themselves_o together_o for_o to_o deal_v and_o trade_n either_o for_o year_n or_o voyage_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o call_v partnership_n where_o one_o man_n do_v adventure_v a_o thousand_o pound_n another_o five_o hundred_o pound_n another_o three_o hundred_o pound_n and_o another_o four_o hundred_o pound_n more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v among_o themselves_o to_o make_v a_o stock_n every_o man_n to_o have_v his_o profit_n or_o to_o bear_v loss_n and_o adventure_n according_a to_o their_o several_a stock_n in_o one_o or_o many_o voyage_n for_o one_o or_o more_o year_n beside_o the_o money_n take_v up_o at_o use_n to_o trade_n withal_o proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o their_o stock_n by_o part_n and_o portion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o so_o many_o part_n as_o they_o agree_v wherein_o the_o condition_n be_v diverse_a which_o must_v be_v observe_v true_o and_o the_o account_v according_o otherwise_o all_o will_v run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n and_o confusion_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n one_o partner_n can_v proceed_v against_o another_o and_o in_o chancery_n the_o suit_n may_v be_v prolong_v for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n unless_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v better_o understand_v and_o the_o auditor_n office_n be_v enable_v to_o end_v these_o business_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n there_o be_v another_o branch_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o partnership_n employment_n partnership_n by_o employment_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o factor_n beyond_o the_o sea_n deal_v for_o diverse_a merchant_n will_v sometime_o make_v employment_n of_o several_a man_n money_n in_o one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o here_o one_o may_v become_v a_o partner_n unaware_o and_o unknown_a as_o of_o late_o i_o know_v the_o like_a do_v happen_v in_o a_o great_a bargain_n of_o tobacco_n whereupon_o all_o the_o partner_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n be_v fall_v out_o and_o diverse_a of_o they_o be_v in_o law_n this_o course_n although_o use_v be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o when_o they_o use_v many_o factor_n one_o merchant_n send_v commodity_n to_o his_o factor_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o spain_n and_o give_v order_n that_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o shall_v provide_v money_n for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o employment_n of_o tobacco_n to_o be_v make_v another_o merchant_n he_o send_v a_o letter_n of_o credit_n of_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o that_o so_o much_o money_n shall_v be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n for_o antuerpe_n or_o london_n as_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o his_o part_n another_o merchant_n he_o cause_v so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o to_o his_o factor_n by_o exchange_n â—â—om_n antuerpe_n as_o will_v furnish_v for_o his_o part_n two_o other_o merchant_n dwell_v in_o spain_n do_v furnish_v their_o part_n there_o themselves_o and_o among_o they_o all_o they_o admit_v in_o spain_n one_o factor_n dwell_v there_o to_o buy_v the_o tobacco_n and_o he_o have_v a_o part_n with_o they_o but_o find_v the_o mean_n to_o disburse_v no_o money_n for_o his_o part_n because_o he_o buy_v the_o say_a parcel_n of_o tobacco_n amount_v to_o some_o twelve_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o condition_v to_o pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o at_o six_o or_o more_o month_n and_o the_o seven_o merchant_n he_o provide_v not_o any_o money_n and_o neverle_n will_v have_v his_o part_n because_o he_o give_v order_n to_o his_o factor_n to_o take_v it_o up_o by_o exchange_n for_o london_n upon_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o here_o hereupon_o the_o bargain_n and_o employment_n of_o tobacco_n be_v make_v the_o good_n receive_v and_o send_v over_o to_o london_n where_o it_o be_v divide_o deliver_v to_o some_o of_o the_o say_a partner_n to_o be_v sell_v with_o one_o and_o other_o privity_n for_o the_o general_a account_n of_o they_o all_o to_o be_v make_v up_o among_o they_o to_o clear_v the_o say_a account_n and_o every_o man_n to_o have_v his_o part_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o profit_n and_o likewise_o to_o bear_v such_o loss_n as_o may_v decrease_v their_o profit_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n interim_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o factor_n who_o buy_v the_o say_a tobacco_n die_v insoluent_a who_o do_v not_o only_o leave_v his_o own_o part_n unpaid_a but_o a_o far_o great_a sum_n which_o the_o other_o two_o partner_n be_v fain_o to_o pay_v be_v bind_v for_o it_o in_o all_o amount_v to_o 1300_o will_v starling_n now_o the_o question_n be_v how_o this_o loss_n shall_v be_v bear_v among_o they_o the_o first_o merchant_n he_o say_v i_o do_v send_v commodity_n and_o by_o the_o provenue_n thereof_o my_o part_n be_v pay_v by_o he_o that_o die_v and_o that_o depend_v upon_o account_n to_o be_v clear_v between_o he_o and_o the_o party_n decease_v the_o second_o merchant_n he_o say_v my_o part_n be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n in_o spain_n take_v up_o
by_o a_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o i_o be_o to_o bear_v no_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o so_o say_v the_o three_o merchant_n that_o make_v over_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n from_o antuerpe_n the_o two_o partner_n dwell_v in_o spain_n they_o say_v that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o pay_v their_o part_n of_o the_o tobacco_n but_o also_o the_o 1300_o will_v which_o be_v owe_v to_o the_o merchant_n that_o sell_v the_o tobacco_n and_o therefore_o they_o demand_v much_o money_n due_a unto_o they_o and_o that_o rest_v also_o upon_o account_n between_o the_o party_n decease_v and_o they_o and_o other_o the_o party_n decease_v be_v decay_v have_v few_o to_o undertake_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o the_o seven_o merchant_n be_v content_v to_o bear_v his_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n so_o he_o may_v come_v in_o for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o say_v that_o if_o the_o money_n have_v be_v take_v upon_o he_o by_o exchange_n he_o will_v have_v pay_v the_o same_o but_o howsoever_o he_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o he_o have_v provision_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v his_o part_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o of_o the_o partner_n there_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o have_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o his_o part_n of_o the_o tobacco_n he_o claim_v his_o part_n of_o the_o gain_n for_o if_o all_o have_v be_v cast_v away_o at_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o partner_n will_v have_v make_v he_o to_o bear_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o part_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o dilemma_n and_o have_v some_o of_o they_o bond_n other_o contract_n and_o some_o but_o account_n and_o paper_n they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o end_n and_o such_o as_o have_v more_o than_o their_o own_o be_v remiss_a enough_o to_o procure_v a_o end_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o set_v down_o this_o case_n because_o man_n of_o understanding_n may_v judge_v â—ow_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o strict_a and_o peremptory_a proceed_n of_o it_o can_v determine_v the_o same_o without_o the_o law-merchant_n not_o know_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v also_o impossible_a to_o direct_v a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n in_o the_o premise_n wherein_o i_o be_o now_o a_o arbitrator_n myself_o description_n of_o monopoly_n monopoly_n be_v somewhat_o displease_v because_o the_o property_n of_o they_o be_v common_o to_o engross_v thing_n to_o a_o ill_a end_n increase_v the_o price_n thereof_o disorderly_a draw_v a_o general_a benefit_n to_o a_o particular_a divert_v the_o course_n of_o traffic_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v use_v now_o a_o day_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o distinguish_v they_o by_o reasonable_a unreasonable_a and_o indifferent_a reasonable_a of_o such_o thing_n and_o trifle_n as_o be_v for_o pleasure_n as_o starch_n card_n lute-string_n tobacco_n and_o such_o like_a unreasonable_a as_o of_o flesh_n fish_n butter_n cheese_n or_o needful_a thing_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n without_o which_o he_o can_v hardly_o live_v civil_o indifferent_a as_o of_o velvet_n silk_n sugar_n spice_n and_o other_o delicacy_n and_o dainty_n or_o curiosity_n indifferent_a to_o be_v use_v or_o not_o all_o these_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n by_o letter_n patent_n grant_v for_o term_n of_o year_n engross_a engross_a but_o engross_a be_v do_v by_o private_a person_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n which_o be_v commendable_a to_o keep_v commodity_n in_o reputation_n to_o maintain_v a_o trade_n thereby_o as_o when_o man_n of_o mean_n do_v engross_v and_o buy_v up_o a_o commodity_n and_o for_o reasonable_a gain_n they_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o to_o shopkeeper_n and_o retailer_n this_o be_v much_o use_v among_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n otherwise_o when_o abundance_n of_o a_o commodity_n do_v so_o much_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o it_o that_o merchant_n do_v become_v loser_n and_o discourage_v than_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v thereby_o overthrow_v to_o the_o general_a hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v better_a to_o pay_v somewhat_o more_o for_o commodity_n than_o to_o have_v they_o altogether_o over_o cheap_a especial_o for_o commodity_n serve_v for_o the_o back_n dardanary_n forestall_v or_o forestaller_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n dardanary_n and_o not_o for_o the_o belly_n which_o diverse_a time_n by_o forestaller_n become_v dear_a against_o which_o kind_n of_o people_n regrator_n and_o other_o there_o be_v very_o good_a law_n make_v which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o see_v observe_v and_o in_o france_n and_o scotland_n the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n to_o look_v unto_o this_o inconvenience_n the_o government_n of_o norenborough_n in_o germany_n be_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v not_o only_o for_o the_o provident_a care_n to_o prevent_v forestaller_n engross_a commendable_a engross_a but_o also_o for_o the_o engross_n or_o incorporate_n of_o all_o manufacture_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o set_v the_o poor_a people_n continual_o on_o work_n themselves_o cause_v the_o say_a manufacture_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o such_o reasonable_a rate_n as_o none_o can_v make_v or_o provide_v better_a cheap_a than_o they_o do_v whereof_o abundance_n be_v buy_v and_o send_v for_o the_o west-indies_n and_o other_o place_n the_o mechanical_a people_n be_v very_o much_o cherish_v by_o they_o and_o all_o artist_n be_v welcome_a unto_o they_o which_o make_v their_o city_n populus_fw-la the_o hollander_n do_v imitate_v they_o and_o some_o money_n of_o the_o bank_n at_o amsterdam_n be_v employ_v therein_o for_o the_o proverb_n be_v to_o be_v commend_v sceptra_fw-la savent_fw-la artes._n the_o civilians_n have_v make_v the_o latin_a word_n monopolium_n borrow_v from_o the_o greek_a to_o be_v less_o understand_v because_o of_o their_o many_o difinition_n thereof_o which_o make_v i_o to_o treat_v of_o association_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n as_o have_v affinity_n one_o with_o another_o and_o to_o describe_v they_o in_o divide_a manner_n as_o also_o to_o note_v their_o coherence_n as_o follow_v for_o a_o association_n company_n monopoly_n a_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n or_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n in_o effect_n when_o some_o few_o merchant_n have_v the_o whole_a manage_n of_o a_o trade_n to_o the_o hurt_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n when_o other_o merchant_n be_v exclude_v to_o negotiate_v with_o their_o stock_n to_o vent_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o reputation_n according_a to_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d solus_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vendo_fw-la monopoly_n a_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n to_o sell_v alone_o and_o as_o this_o be_v do_v many_o time_n by_o one_o merchant_n for_o one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v it_o corn_n salt_n oil_n woolles_n and_o the_o like_a so_o may_v it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n continual_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o authority_n albeit_o that_o there_o be_v no_o combination_n to_o limit_v any_o certain_a price_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o commodity_n in_o the_o particular_a of_o one_o merchant_n or_o more_o merchant_n agree_v together_o to_o buy_v up_o a_o commodity_n it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o forestalling_a as_o one_o dardanus_n do_v whereof_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o name_n dardanarij_fw-la be_v use_v by_o the_o say_a civilians_n who_o define_v they_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d qui_fw-la omne_fw-la praemunt_fw-la ut_fw-la carius_fw-la vendant_fw-la that_o forestall_v or_o buy_v up_o thing_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v sell_v they_o dear_a which_o although_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o practice_n meaning_n and_o intention_n of_o merchant_n yet_o the_o practice_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n for_o it_o will_v run_v into_o disorder_n in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o general_a where_o a_o society_n buy_v commodity_n apart_o and_o sell_v apart_o although_o under_o orderly_a government_n it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o engross_a as_o the_o manufacture_n of_o norenborough_n aforesaid_a and_o be_v do_v with_o discretion_n and_o good_a order_n it_o can_v give_v no_o cause_n of_o offence_n but_o the_o abuse_n thereof_o make_v the_o same_o odious_a and_o so_o general_o to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o man_n as_o the_o word_n usury_n be_v imply_v a_o bite_n definition_n of_o a_o monopoly_n the_o true_a definition_n of_o a_o monopoly_n therefore_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o commerce_n in_o buy_v sell_v change_a or_o barter_v usurp_v by_o a_o few_o and_o sometime_o but_o by_o one_o person_n and_o forestall_v from_o all_o other_o to_o his_o or_o their_o private_a gain_n and_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o detriment_n of_o other_o man_n whereby_o of_o course_n or_o by_o authority_n the_o
liberty_n of_o trade_n be_v restrain_v from_o other_o whereby_o the_o monopolist_n be_v enable_v to_o set_v a_o price_n of_o commodity_n at_o his_o pleasure_n a_o merchant_n of_o london_n have_v send_v a_o great_a ship_n to_o zante_n to_o lade_v corrint_n and_o wine_n be_v there_o arrive_v another_o merchant_n there_o inhabit_v upon_o knowledge_n hereof_o cause_v all_o the_o corrint_n to_o be_v buy_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o say_a merchant_n and_o to_o compel_v he_o to_o buy_v the_o say_a corrint_n of_o he_o at_o dear_a rate_n to_o lade_v the_o say_a ship_n which_o make_v the_o factor_n appoint_v to_o lade_v the_o say_a ship_n at_o his_o wit_n end_n but_o be_v ingenuous_a he_o devise_v a_o course_n to_o disappoint_v the_o say_a forestalling_a merchant_n and_o cause_v bill_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o all_o public_a place_n to_o give_v notice_n that_o the_o say_a ship_n be_v come_v to_o take_v in_o merchant_n good_n for_o her_o lade_n and_o to_o return_v for_o london_n which_o be_v understand_v by_o he_o bring_v he_o into_o a_o secondary_a and_o to_o set_v all_o the_o broker_n of_o zante_n on_o work_n to_o help_v he_o to_o sell_v the_o say_a corrint_n again_o whereby_o he_o become_v a_o loser_n in_o this_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o say_v society_n be_v to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o prevention_n otherwise_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o look_v unto_o it_o with_o a_o politic_a eye_n upon_o complaint_n to_o be_v make_v as_o of_o late_a year_n have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o french_a merchant_n do_v strive_v to_o bring_v new_a wine_n first_o to_o the_o market_n thereby_o inhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o wine_n in_o france_n it_o be_v order_v and_o command_v by_o proclamation_n that_o no_o wine_n grow_v in_o france_n shall_v be_v sell_v or_o put_v to_o sale_n before_o the_o first_o of_o december_n to_o be_v observe_v every_o year_n the_o like_a be_v do_v heretofore_o by_o our_o merchant_n trade_v spain_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o rotta_n raisin_n by_o a_o order_n among_o they_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v sell_v by_o they_o before_o the_o last_o of_o october_n which_o be_v know_v to_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v they_o to_o preoccupy_v the_o market_n they_o not_o be_v bind_v to_o their_o order_n so_o that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v more_o proper_o by_o the_o king_n proclamation_n here_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v my_o former_a observation_n of_o that_o royal_a commodity_n tin_n which_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o tin_n preemption_n of_o tin_n be_v sell_v for_o forty_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o when_o the_o best_a velvet_n be_v sell_v for_o ten_o shilling_n the_o yard_n how_o merchant_n trade_v turkey_n find_v fault_n with_o his_o majesty_n preemption_n of_o the_o say_a tin_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v abolish_v to_o keep_v the_o price_n thereof_o at_o fifty_o five_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o and_o bring_v in_o corint_n levant_n wine_n spice_n and_o indigo_n at_o dear_a rate_n as_o they_o sell_v they_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o suppress_v the_o rise_n thereof_o which_o be_v consider_v of_o by_o foreign_a nation_n cause_v they_o to_o use_v mean_n to_o incorporate_v or_o engross_v the_o same_o whereby_o that_o commodity_n come_v to_o be_v of_o more_o estimation_n and_o request_n where_o â—pon_o the_o say_a preemption_n be_v reestablish_v which_o have_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o that_o time_n above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n be_v rise_v to_o double_a the_o price_n and_o yet_o but_o proportionable_a to_o the_o price_n of_o velvet_n and_o other_o commodity_n on_o the_o contrary_a another_o commodity_n mineral_n namely_o copperas_n which_o be_v sell_v heretofore_o when_o there_o be_v letter_n patent_n for_o the_o sole_a make_v thereof_o for_o 10_o will_v and_o 12_o will_v the_o tun_n whereof_o a_o great_a trade_n may_v have_v be_v make_v for_o other_o country_n have_v be_v so_o ill_o govern_v by_o workman_n undersel_v one_o another_o and_o for_o want_v of_o orderly_a carriage_n that_o the_o same_o be_v sell_v under_o 3_o will_v the_o tun_n and_o be_v become_v a_o mere_a drug_n out_o of_o request_n by_o the_o abundance_n make_v and_o indiscreet_o vent_v barter_v or_o exchange_v france_n yield_v abundance_n of_o salt_n although_o one_o year_n more_o than_o another_o suffer_v not_o the_o commodity_n to_o be_v overmuch_o vilify_v for_o albeit_o that_o the_o subject_n within_o the_o realm_n do_v not_o care_v how_o good_a cheap_a they_o buy_v the_o native_a commodity_n because_o of_o their_o own_o benefit_n yet_o the_o prince_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o care_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o trade_n with_o a_o respect_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n bring_v into_o his_o kingdom_n so_o that_o not_o only_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o privilege_n grant_v by_o they_o for_o the_o reward_n of_o new_a invention_n be_v necessary_a but_o also_o some_o direction_n to_o company_n or_o society_n be_v in_o policy_n very_o requisite_a invention_n letter_n patent_n for_o new_a invention_n virtue_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n ought_v as_o well_o and_o rather_o in_o some_o respect_n to_o be_v more_o reward_v than_o vice_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o cut_v off_o the_o malefactor_n this_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n grant_v the_o projector_n or_o inventor_n privilege_n for_o twenty_o one_o or_o more_o year_n which_o some_o man_n without_o distinction_n of_o monopoly_n will_v have_v abridge_v to_o 14_o 11_o or_o 7_o year_n wherein_o the_o thing_n itself_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o difference_n upon_o good_a consideration_n and_o not_o to_o measure_v all_o thing_n alike_o for_o example_n the_o grant_v make_v for_o the_o sole_a importation_n of_o spanish_a tobacco_n tobacco_n the_o farm_n of_o tobacco_n do_v gain_v and_o save_v the_o kingdom_n many_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a for_o bay_n say_v perpetuanoes_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n which_o these_o two_o year_n have_v be_v sell_v in_o spain_n with_o fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o loss_n to_o procure_v money_n to_o buy_v the_o say_a tobacco_n be_v now_o sell_v to_o so_o much_o benefit_n beside_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o plantation_n of_o virginia_n and_o the_o bermuda_n but_o this_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o be_v do_v for_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v not_o of_o that_o nature_n neither_o of_o commodity_n to_o be_v export_v wherein_o such_o and_o the_o like_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v the_o general_a intention_n of_o all_o grant_n by_o letter_n patent_n for_o manufacture_n have_v a_o relation_n to_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n to_o recompense_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o art_n or_o science_n and_o that_o thing_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v better_o cheap_a to_o the_o subject_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v then_o of_o those_o grant_n which_o make_v the_o commodity_n good_a cheap_a to_o foreign_a nation_n and_o dear_a to_o the_o subject_n sure_o this_o can_v be_v without_o some_o great_a abuse_n if_o a_o keelne_a for_o the_o dry_n of_o malt_n for_o all_o the_o kingdom_n over_o be_v invent_v to_o be_v do_v with_o pit-coale_n better_a cheap_a than_o with_o wood_n fire_n and_o more_o please_a without_o the_o send_v of_o smoke_n and_o that_o this_o keelne_v or_o keelns_n be_v place_v in_o convenient_a place_n for_o all_o man_n access_n whereby_o they_o shall_v save_v much_o charge_n and_o have_v their_o malt_n better_a cheap_a if_o hereupon_o letter_n patent_n be_v grant_v to_o reward_v the_o projector_n no_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v call_v this_o a_o monopoly_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o although_o the_o public_a liberty_n seem_v thereby_o to_o be_v restrain_v for_o take_v it_o another_o way_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o rather_o to_o be_v a_o common_a distribution_n than_o a_o restraint_n whensoever_o it_o bring_v a_o general_a good_a and_o commodity_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n restrain_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o sundry_a craft_n all_o such_o as_o have_v not_o serve_v a_o apprentishood_n unto_o the_o art_n which_o they_o will_v exercise_v do_v it_o to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o that_o those_o art_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o better_a perfection_n and_o the_o thing_n make_v may_v be_v good_a and_o serviceable_a for_o those_o that_o buy_v and_o use_v they_o some_o man_n be_v well_o content_v if_o a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n of_o a_o commodity_n be_v do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o they_o will_v no_o manner_n of_o way_n have_v call_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o monopoly_n although_o it_o be_v so_o in_o effect_n when_o a_o society_n of_o private_a merchant_n have_v a_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o only_o to_o sell_v certain_a commodity_n or_o to_o import_v they_o and_o all_o other_o subject_n be_v exclude_v although_o
thereupon_o no_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o bring_v his_o commodity_n to_o this_o house_n but_o allure_v thereunto_o by_o the_o commodiousness_n and_o benefit_n thereof_o because_o of_o the_o ease_n of_o warehouse_n room_n and_o cellaridge_n at_o easy_a rate_n the_o commodity_n of_o sale_n or_o barter_n the_o forbear_v to_o pay_v custom_n and_o impost_n for_o a_o time_n the_o take_v up_o of_o money_n to_o serve_v his_o turn_n and_o the_o good_n better_a assure_v than_o in_o other_o place_n according_a to_o the_o say_a house_n of_o the_o easterling_n at_o antuerpe_n there_o will_v be_v 108_o cellar_n and_o double_a that_o in_o warehouse_n and_o after_o that_o so_o many_o garret_n in_o all_o above_o four_o hundred_o room_n the_o benefit_n whereof_o will_v be_v very_o great_a one_o with_o another_o at_o 10_o will_v be_v 4000_o will_v the_o benefit_n of_o weigh_v all_o commodity_n and_o the_o sell_v and_o register_n of_o all_o will_v be_v much_o more_o and_o all_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o house_n be_v by_o the_o computation_n of_o some_o workman_n to_o be_v do_v for_o 15000_o will_v and_o may_v yield_v 10000_o will_v yearly_a profit_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n reputation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o credit_n of_o merchant_n wool_n staple_n of_o wool_n our_o staple_n of_o wool_n heretofore_o keep_v at_o calais_n and_o bridges_n in_o flaunders_n be_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o staple_n town_n be_v all_o as_o it_o be_v incorporate_v into_o london_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hope_v that_o some_o worthy_a merchant_n will_v of_o good_a affection_n to_o the_o city_n and_o state_n be_v ready_a to_o resolve_v to_o undertake_v this_o build_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commerce_n as_o a_o worthy_a monument_n for_o posterity_n and_o ease_v of_o all_o trader_n the_o old_a roman_n when_o money_n be_v first_o make_v of_o copper_n and_o then_o silver_n and_o before_o golden_a coin_n be_v make_v have_v appoint_v a_o place_n argentaria_n mensa_fw-la argentaria_n call_v mensa_fw-la argentaria_n where_o they_o lend_v money_n upon_o commodity_n for_o a_o reasonable_a consideration_n to_o advance_v traffic_n and_o trade_n which_o in_o comparison_n of_o we_o be_v but_o in_o his_o infancy_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v leave_v now_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o moneyed_a man_n without_o other_o provision_n by_o authority_n to_o supply_v man_n occasion_n seem_v to_o be_v impertinent_a especial_o when_o money_n be_v not_o plentiful_a have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o the_o dependency_n thereupon_o now_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o receive_v and_o pay_v by_o money_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n deal_n therein_o but_o this_o do_v proper_o appertain_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n where_o money_n be_v compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n oppignoration_n a_o question_n touch_v merces_fw-la vaenales_n for_o oppignoration_n return_v therefore_o to_o the_o say_a matter_n of_o oppignoration_n let_v we_o note_v the_o question_n of_o civilians_n whether_o in_o the_o general_a bind_v of_o a_o man_n good_n ware_n to_o be_v sell_v call_v merces_fw-la vaenales_n be_v comprise_v by_o say_v he_o bind_v his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v bind_v but_o yet_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o say_a good_n be_v not_o hinder_v thereby_o unless_o they_o be_v pawn_v or_o oblige_v to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n certain_a and_o name_v in_o the_o write_n there_o to_o be_v extant_a also_o in_o tacita_n hipotheca_n or_o as_o it_o be_v close_a pawn_n merchant_n money_n may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o make_v liable_a but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o money_n have_v some_o other_o way_n for_o it_o be_v reason_n that_o the_o money_n which_o a_o man_n take_v up_o shall_v serve_v he_o to_o expedite_v his_o affair_n mandati_fw-la titulus_fw-la mandati_fw-la also_o in_o bind_v of_o future_a good_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o good_n as_o he_o may_v get_v during_o his_o life_n and_o not_o by_o any_o of_o his_o heir_n these_o reason_n have_v a_o reference_n to_o traffic_v which_o be_v a_o general_a body_n and_o commodity_n by_o merchandise_v or_o commerce_n do_v supply_v themselves_o in_o their_o place_n so_o that_o when_o some_o commodity_n be_v dispose_v of_o other_o commodity_n come_v into_o the_o room_n thereof_o and_o the_o law_n have_v always_o more_o regard_n to_o the_o general_a than_o to_o the_o particular_a insomuch_o that_o a_o woman_n even_o for_o her_o dower_n can_v arrest_v her_o husband_n good_n find_v his_o estate_n to_o decay_v chap._n xliiii_o the_o proceed_n use_v against_o bankrupt_n the_o mutability_n and_o inconstancy_n of_o all_o worldly_a affair_n and_o especial_o of_o merchant_n estate_n cause_v i_o to_o remember_v the_o ancient_a dutch_a proverb_n english_v a_o dutch_a proverb_n english_v good_n lose_v nothing_o lose_v credit_v lose_v much_o lose_v soul_n lose_v all_o lose_v for_o to_o be_v rich_a and_o to_o become_v poor_a or_o to_o be_v poor_a and_o to_o become_v rich_a be_v a_o matter_n inherent_a to_o a_o merchant_n estate_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o continual_a and_o successive_a course_n of_o the_o volubility_n of_o variable_a blind_a fortune_n which_o be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o heathen_a word_n for_o a_o distinction_n of_o god_n providence_n as_o the_o word_n of_o fate_n destiny_n chance_n and_o the_o like_a be_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o it_o so_o that_o by_o the_o frequency_n of_o it_o merchant_n have_v make_v a_o great_a difference_n and_o distinction_n between_o a_o merchant_n which_o be_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o take_v day_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n or_o one_o that_o be_v break_v or_o bankrupt_a have_v a_o especial_a regard_n herein_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o credit_n which_o be_v as_o tender_a as_o the_o apple_n of_o a_o eye_n for_o it_o happen_v many_o time_n 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the_o defence_n of_o these_o merchant_n person_n and_o good_n for_o prevention_n of_o their_o overthrow_n until_o their_o good_n come_v to_o their_o hand_n and_o dispose_n that_o have_v be_v detain_v as_o aforesaid_a this_o difference_n and_o distinction_n between_o a_o merchant_n take_v day_n of_o payment_n &_o a_o bankrupt_a do_v encourage_v man_n to_o deal_v honest_o and_o conscionable_o especial_o with_o the_o virtuous_a and_o well_o dispose_v for_o virtus_fw-la laudata_fw-la crescit_fw-la whereby_o they_o pay_v every_o man_n his_o own_o in_o time_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o interest_n for_o the_o forbearance_n of_o their_o due_a debt_n and_o therefore_o be_v it_o that_o to_o call_v this_o man_n a_o bankrupt_a bear_v a_o great_a action_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v very_o careful_a
for_o merchant_n credit_n and_o reputation_n for_o that_o merchant_n which_o in_o the_o storm_n of_o adversity_n show_v to_o be_v a_o good_a pilot_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n of_o the_o care_n and_o endeavour_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prevent_v the_o shipwreck_n of_o his_o reputation_n and_o credit_n especial_o with_o a_o good_a conscience_n which_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o continual_a feast_n although_o the_o sea_n be_v turbulent_a for_o he_o be_v arm_v with_o patience_n and_o not_o destitute_a of_o comfort_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o that_o like_a coward_n become_v careless_a of_o their_o credit_n or_o be_v of_o a_o evil_a disposition_n seek_v to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o break_n pay_v little_a or_o nothing_o they_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v a_o name_n of_o defamation_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o by_o some_o severe_a punishment_n by_o the_o law_n bankrupt_n severepunishment_n of_o bankrupt_n it_o 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full_a notwithstanding_o their_o loss_n which_o they_o have_v sustain_v and_o they_o may_v have_v a_o publication_n make_v of_o it_o by_o way_n of_o intimation_n to_o all_o man_n upon_o the_o exchange_n or_o other_o public_a place_n for_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n to_o posterity_n of_o their_o honest_a religious_a and_o commendable_a endeavour_n and_o behaviour_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o credit_n of_o their_o house_n kindred_n or_o good_a descent_n which_o be_v more_o especial_o regard_v in_o spain_n spain_n a_o gentleman_n privilege_n in_o spain_n where_o a_o merchant_n or_o citizen_n be_v decay_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o have_v pay_v according_a to_o his_o ability_n yea_o although_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v at_o all_o shall_v be_v free_v from_o all_o arrest_n and_o trouble_v touch_v his_o person_n if_o he_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n by_o birth_n which_o extend_v so_o far_o that_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n upon_o certificate_n make_v by_o any_o that_o be_v ambassador_n and_o agent_n for_o their_o country_n who_o common_o will_v do_v it_o upon_o the_o verification_n of_o it_o by_o the_o herald_n or_o otherwise_o which_o cause_v man_n not_o to_o degenerate_v in_o virtuous_a action_n although_o adverse_a fortune_n play_v her_o tragedy_n which_o they_o overcome_v with_o constancy_n and_o magnanimity_n the_o say_a statute_n against_o bankerupt_v be_v make_v upon_o very_o great_a consideration_n which_o lie_v not_o against_o a_o gentleman_n so_o that_o to_o call_v a_o decay_a gentleman_n a_o bankrupt_a although_o he_o have_v have_v deal_v in_o the_o world_n bear_v no_o action_n at_o the_o common_a law_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n or_o shopkeeper_n etc._n etc._n bankerupt_v commissioner_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o bankerupt_v the_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o execute_v this_o commission_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a must_v be_v councillor_n at_o the_o law_n join_v with_o some_o citizen_n or_o merchant_n which_o be_v to_o seize_v of_o the_o party_n which_o by_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o bankrupt_a all_o good_n debt_n chattel_n and_o moveable_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o to_o appoint_v one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o creditor_n to_o be_v treasurer_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n unto_o all_o such_o as_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o admit_v to_o be_v right_a creditor_n to_o the_o party_n and_o with_o his_o privity_n and_o consent_n upon_o such_o specialty_n book_n or_o account_n as_o they_o shall_v produce_v and_o be_v make_v apparent_a unto_o they_o which_o must_v be_v do_v within_o four_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n statute_n the_o content_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n for_o if_o it_o be_v after_o the_o four_o month_n expire_v they_o may_v exclude_v any_o creditor_n if_o they_o see_v cause_n so_o that_o the_o say_a distribution_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o those_o only_o which_o have_v be_v admit_v within_o the_o say_a time_n according_a to_o their_o several_a principal_a sum_n due_a unto_o they_o without_o any_o interest_n for_o the_o forbearance_n since_o the_o speciality_n be_v due_a or_o any_o forfeiture_n howbeit_o charge_n in_o law_n expend_v for_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v by_o they_o allow_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o admit_v any_o creditor_n to_o come_v in_o where_o the_o party_n be_v surety_n for_o another_o if_o that_o party_n be_v likewise_o decay_v for_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o interest_n money_n that_o two_o or_o three_o be_v bind_v together_o and_o the_o collateral_a bond_n which_o they_o give_v each_o to_o other_o to_o save_v harmless_a be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v
more_o in_o value_n by_o the_o weight_n than_o a_o other_o money_n the_o cause_n of_o cull_v of_o money_n whereby_o money_n be_v cull_v out_o and_o transport_v and_o the_o light_a piece_n remain_v among_o his_o majesty_n subject_n goldsmith_n also_o want_v bullion_n must_v melt_v such_o money_n down_o to_o make_v plate_n of_o the_o bullion_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o or_o foreign_a coin_n either_o be_v always_o lock_v up_o in_o great_a chest_n or_o enclose_a place_n under_o three_o key_n namely_o the_o warden_n the_o mint-master_n and_o the_o comptroller_n at_o the_o day_n of_o receipt_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n saturdaye_n and_o monday_n and_o then_o the_o officer_n have_v their_o diet_n in_o the_o place_n the_o one_o half_a at_o the_o king_n charge_n and_o the_o other_o half_n at_o the_o mint-master_n charge_n who_o be_v call_v by_o some_o master-worker_n of_o the_o king_n money_n well_fw-mi magister_fw-la operarius_fw-la and_o between_o the_o warden_n and_o he_o there_o be_v common_o emulation_n and_o necessary_a discord_n like_v unto_o that_o which_o cato_n use_v among_o the_o servant_n of_o his_o family_n which_o he_o do_v compare_v to_o the_o stone_n of_o a_o vault_n which_o by_o strive_v do_v uphold_v the_o building_n and_o make_v he_o to_o be_v more_o quiet_a and_o regard_v suppose_v now_o that_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o mint_n to_o see_v money_n make_v of_o our_o ingot_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o one_o of_o the_o assaymaster_n come_v unto_o i_o and_o say_v sir_n i_o have_v read_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v govern_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n what_o say_v you_o to_o fineness_n of_o gold_n aâ—d_a silver_n i_o do_v ask_v he_o first_o what_o he_o take_v fineness_n to_o be_v he_o do_v answer_v i_o that_o it_o be_v a_o mystery_n and_o that_o the_o study_n of_o it_o be_v as_o intricate_a as_o the_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o papist_n sacrament_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v say_v he_o by_o the_o controversy_n between_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o mintmaster_n concern_v the_o standard_n of_o the_o sterling_a money_n of_o silver_n and_o the_o base_a money_n late_o make_v for_o the_o realm_n of_o ireland_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o bullion_n report_v by_o trial_n of_o the_o subtle_a assay_v whereunto_o i_o do_v reply_n that_o plain_a thing_n may_v be_v make_v intricate_a be_v fineness_n of_o silver_n what_o it_o be_v for_o fineness_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v proper_o fine_a gold_n and_o fine_a silver_n and_o this_o be_v know_v by_o weight_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o silver_n for_o both_o posito_fw-la that_o this_o piece_n of_o silver_n be_v fine_a silver_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o allay_n and_o weigh_v one_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n i_o hope_v you_o will_v call_v this_o to_o be_v twelve_o ounce_n fine_a because_o it_o weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n weight_n and_o 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apparent_a but_o say_v he_o this_o do_v not_o clear_a in_o my_o understanding_n the_o business_n which_o be_v in_o controversy_n between_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o master_n worker_n for_o the_o copple_n or_o teast_n do_v drink_v in_o some_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n with_o the_o lead_n and_o so_o there_o be_v so_o much_o hide_v from_o report_n copple_n drink_v in_o of_o the_o test_n or_o copple_n for_o the_o bullion_n be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o money_n and_o not_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o assay_n so_o that_o the_o say_a bullion_n be_v fine_a in_o every_o pound_n weight_n two_o penny_n weight_n in_o value_n six_o penny_n half_a penny_n and_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o half_a penny_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o master_n worker_n be_v subtle_a and_o cunning_a do_v put_v into_o the_o melt_a pot_n bullion_n two_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n put_v in_o the_o commixture_n account_v charge_v with_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n in_o every_o pound_n 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he_o such_o a_o answer_n as_o i_o have_v oftentimes_o understand_v of_o the_o mintmaster_n and_o partly_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n concern_v assay_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v and_o know_v above_o forty_o year_n my_o father_n also_o have_v be_v a_o mintmaster_n and_o i_o tell_v he_o that_o all_o his_o allegation_n as_o abovesaid_a shall_v and_o can_v be_v very_o well_o answer_v for_o albeit_o that_o he_o have_v allege_v many_o thing_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n i_o will_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n join_v issue_n upon_o one_o peremptory_a point_n to_o be_v try_v by_o all_o understand_a man_n to_o which_o end_n i_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n there_o be_v certain_a officer_n sea_n general_n of_o the_o
a_o regard_n to_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n be_v due_o observe_v albeit_o the_o lender_n of_o the_o money_n can_v have_v take_v more_o when_o the_o borrower_n will_v give_v it_o to_o serve_v his_o occasion_n without_o this_o precise_a observation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n a_o matter_n considerable_a now_o adays_o since_o the_o west-indies_n have_v be_v discover_v whereby_o the_o currant_n of_o money_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o country_n and_o run_v also_o according_a to_o occasion_n and_o the_o policy_n of_o state_n and_o merchant_n usury_n difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n for_o the_o toleration_n and_o permission_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o rate_n in_o most_o country_n take_v in_o one_o place_n more_o and_o in_o another_o less_o according_a to_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchant_n devise_n money_n a_o policy_n by_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o poland_n lituania_n prussia_n and_o other_o country_n adjacent_a when_o they_o do_v abound_v in_o corn_n money_n be_v common_o very_o scarce_o and_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n thereby_o much_o abate_v at_o which_o time_n they_o will_v rather_o tolerate_v or_o proclaim_v the_o money_n to_o be_v enhance_v in_o price_n or_o to_o be_v deliver_v at_o interest_n after_o fifteen_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o twenty_o and_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o a_o year_n or_o a_o lesser_a time_n hereupon_o present_o great_a store_n of_o money_n come_v from_o all_o place_n thither_o which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o money_n to_o rise_v afterward_o when_o many_o ship_n be_v lade_v and_o the_o fleet_n depart_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n than_o the_o interest_n begin_v to_o fall_v according_o in_o the_o low-countries_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o merchant_n to_o take_v twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n for_o the_o long_o or_o short_a time_n within_o the_o year_n but_o this_o rate_n may_v not_o be_v exceed_v unless_o it_o 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statesman_n be_v to_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o this_o usury_n politic_a action_n usury_n a_o measure_n of_o man_n action_n as_o a_o property_n inherent_a unto_o money_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n man_n do_v measure_v all_o their_o action_n by_o trade_n and_o traffic_n or_o purchase_v build_v plant_v and_o bargain_n in_o all_o thing_n according_o and_o usury_n be_v so_o inherent_a and_o do_v proper_o grow_v with_o the_o decay_n of_o traffic_n usury_n the_o decay_n of_o trade_n increase_v usury_n as_o pasturage_n do_v increase_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o till_v whereupon_o the_o follow_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v as_o matter_n of_o moment_n especial_o in_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o have_v no_o gold_n or_o silver_n mine_n of_o great_a value_n but_o abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n return_v for_o the_o great_a plenty_n and_o quantity_n of_o their_o home_n commodity_n wherein_o the_o high_a continual_a rate_n of_o usury_n may_v prove_v more_o prejudicial_a than_o the_o abovesaid_a policy_n of_o poland_n lituania_n or_o other_o country_n can_v be_v beneficial_a unto_o they_o for_o we_o see_v that_o general_o all_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v get_v any_o great_a wealth_n with_o we_o leave_v trade_v and_o fall_v to_o usury_n the_o gain_n whereof_o be_v easy_a certain_a and_o great_a whereas_o in_o other_o country_n merchant_n continue_v from_o generation_n to_o generation_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o the_o state_n as_o we_o find_v diverse_a renown_a family_n in_o germany_n italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v this_o last_o year_n a_o tract_n against_o usury_n present_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o england_n 1621._o anno_fw-la 1621._o show_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o lesser_a rate_n of_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o take_v in_o the_o low-countries_n where_o money_n be_v so_o plentiful_a and_o upon_o this_o difference_n be_v a_o certain_a operation_n of_o usury_n note_v to_o be_v predominant_a over_o we_o both_o in_o our_o trade_n and_o other_o affair_n first_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n usury_n reason_n against_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n not_o only_o rich_a tradesman_n give_v over_o trade_n but_o a_o number_n of_o beginner_n be_v undo_v and_o discourage_v thereby_o their_o industry_n serve_v but_o to_o enrich_v other_o and_o beggar_n themselves_o second_o that_o many_o trade_n themselves_o be_v decay_v thereby_o because_o they_o can_v afford_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereas_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v no_o high_a than_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v subsist_v and_o flourish_v still_o and_o perhaps_o with_o as_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o those_o that_o do_v bring_v more_o to_o the_o private_a adventure_n which_o ought_v to_o go_v together_o or_o else_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o state_n be_v seldom_o great_o advance_v three_o that_o by_o this_o disadvantage_n between_o six_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o our_o industrious_a neighbour_n do_v out_o trade_n and_o undersell_v we_o for_o they_o almost_o double_a the_o use_n allow_v which_o we_o can_v by_o pay_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereby_o also_o all_o contribution_n to_o the_o war_n work_n of_o piety_n and_o glory_n of_o state_n be_v better_a cheap_a to_o they_o than_o to_o we_o as_o also_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n or_o hire_v of_o they_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n four_o that_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o make_v the_o land_n itself_o of_o small_a value_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a that_o man_n do_v not_o seek_v by_o industry_n any_o more_o to_o improve_v they_o which_o be_v plain_a both_o by_o example_n and_o demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n land_n be_v general_o sell_v for_o thirty_o forty_o and_o some_o for_o fifty_o year_n purchase_n be_v the_o best_a assurance_n and_o secure_a inheritance_n which_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o bear_v still_o a_o rate_n above_o money_n which_o will_v increase_v if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o consequent_o labourer_n wage_n and_o other_o dependence_n thereupon_o which_o be_v therein_o more_o ample_o declare_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o tend_v to_o have_v a_o moderation_n in_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n usury_n objection_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n hereunto_o be_v certain_a objection_n also_o allege_v and_o their_o answer_n to_o maintain_v the_o rate_n of_o usury_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o with_o we_o in_o england_n albeit_o other_o nation_n take_v but_o four_o five_o and_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o 6_o ¼_n which_o be_v call_v rend_v after_o the_o penny_n sixteen_o for_o six_o time_n sixteen_o and_o one_o four_o make_v a_o hundred_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o objection_n be_v few_o in_o number_n first_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o second_o that_o sudden_a change_n be_v dangerous_a three_o that_o money_n will_v sudden_o be_v call_v in_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v much_o prejudice_v four_o that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o come_v by_o and_o commerce_n much_o hinder_v and_o last_o that_o merchant_n stranger_n money_n now_o go_v here_o at_o use_n will_v be_v carry_v away_o again_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n shall_v be_v call_v down_o objection_n answer_v to_o the_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n have_v not_o be_v so_o general_o use_v as_o it_o be_v now_o when_o man_n
london_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n again_o viz._n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la adi_n 20_o august_n 1622_o in_o london_n 500_o will_v 34_o ss_z 6_o d._n at_o usance_n pay_v by_o this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n unto_o a._n b._n the_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a at_o thirty_o four_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n flemish_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a currant_n money_n in_o merchandise_n for_o the_o value_n hereof_o receive_v by_o i_o of_o c.d._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_v as_o per_fw-la advice_n a_o dio_n etc._n etc._n g.m._n on_o the_o backside_n be_v endorse_v to_o my_o love_a friend_n master_n w.c._n merchant_n at_o amsterdam_n p_o a_o this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n deliver_v and_o take_v up_o at_o london_n for_o amsterdam_n the_o second_o bill_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o addition_n of_o these_o word_n only_o at_o venice_n not_o have_v pay_v by_o my_o first_o bill_n pay_v by_o this_o my_o second_o bill_n and_o so_o in_o the_o three_o bill_n for_o there_o be_v common_o three_o bill_n make_v as_o aforesaid_a laus_fw-la deo_fw-la adj_n 20_o of_o september_n 1622_o in_o amsterdam_n 100_o will_v at_o 33_o ss_z 6_o d._n at_o usance_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n unto_o w._n m._n the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n lawful_a money_n of_o england_n for_o the_o value_n here_o by_o i_o receive_v of_o d._n h._n make_v he_o good_a payment_n and_o put_v it_o to_o your_o account_n god_n keep_v you_o subscribe_v w.c._n on_o the_o backside_n be_v endorse_v to_o my_o love_a friend_n master_n g.m._n merchant_n at_o london_n p_o a_o 1_o this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o amsterdam_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n wherein_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n may_v be_v make_v at_o sight_n or_o so_o many_o day_n after_o sight_n or_o at_o double_a usance_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o the_o bill_n may_v be_v direct_v to_o my_o servant_n or_o to_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o or_o it_o may_v say_v put_v it_o to_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n but_o the_o best_a be_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n of_o advice_n and_o where_o the_o first_o bill_n be_v note_v p_o a._n the_o second_o must_v be_v 2_o a._n and_o the_o three_o 3_o a_o you_o may_v not_o say_v in_o the_o bill_n it_o may_v please_v you_o to_o pay_v or_o i_o pray_v you_o to_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v to_o your_o master_n for_o the_o bill_n of_o his_o high_a nature_n do_v carry_v with_o it_o a_o command_n without_o respect_n of_o person_n and_o most_o man_n will_v not_o use_v the_o word_n make_v he_o good_a payment_n but_o the_o few_o word_n the_o more_o formal_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o witness_n unto_o it_o nor_o any_o seal_n but_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n of_o some_o two_o finger_n broad_a and_o the_o letter_n of_o advice_n do_v declare_v for_o who_o account_n or_o to_o what_o intent_n or_o purpose_n the_o say_a money_n be_v take_v up_o which_o letter_n of_o advice_n do_v accompany_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o like_a inscription_n with_o the_o word_n de_fw-fr adviso_fw-la also_o for_o money_n here_o deliver_v where_o the_o ground_n of_o exchange_n be_v of_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n whereupon_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v you_o may_v not_o express_v what_o the_o sterling_a money_n make_v in_o flemish_a money_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o by_o misca_v you_o may_v make_v yourself_o liable_a as_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o mannerly_a to_o cast_v up_o another_o man_n account_n neither_o may_v you_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n or_o bringer_n thereof_o as_o you_o make_v your_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o nobleness_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n of_o exchange_n abuse_v although_o now_o use_v or_o abuse_v which_o every_o merchant_n be_v to_o maintain_v all_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o germany_n spain_n italy_n france_n the_o low-countries_n portugal_n or_o any_o other_o place_n between_o they_o to_z and_z from_o place_n to_o place_n do_v not_o differ_v in_o the_o form_n but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o bank_n or_o out_o of_o the_o bank_n or_o in_o such_o a_o fair_a or_o mart_n at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o money_n according_a to_o the_o country_n 2_o the_o banker_n and_o diverse_a italian_n have_v a_o custom_n exchange_n rare_a custom_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o for_o the_o money_n take_v by_o they_o or_o for_o their_o company_n or_o any_o other_o one_o of_o their_o servant_n do_v make_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o he_o subscribe_v the_o name_n of_o he_o or_o of_o the_o company_n for_o who_o it_o be_v take_v up_o and_o the_o master_n he_o do_v write_v under_o the_o say_a bill_n pagate_v come_v si_fw-mi dice_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pay_v as_o it_o be_v say_v and_o this_o go_v as_o currant_n among_o merchant_n as_o any_o other_o bill_n make_v by_o the_o party_n own_o hand_n and_o all_o proceed_n thereupon_o be_v do_v according_o 3_o they_o have_v also_o a_o ordinary_a custom_n to_o transfer_v and_o put_v over_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o they_o be_v make_v unto_o any_o other_o person_n as_o for_o example_n one_o in_o antuerpe_n do_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a to_o be_v pay_v here_o in_o london_n unto_o another_o merchant_n there_o who_o be_v to_o make_v he_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o afterward_o within_o two_o or_o three_o day_n this_o deliverer_n of_o money_n have_v occasion_n to_o take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n for_o london_n and_o have_v take_v the_o same_o of_o another_o merchant_n he_o be_v to_o make_v he_o also_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o this_o money_n as_o the_o other_o merchant_n be_v to_o make_v he_o for_o the_o five_o hundred_o pound_n which_o 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neither_o consideration_n nor_o assumpsit_fw-la to_o be_v prove_v unless_o the_o bill_n have_v be_v accept_v wherein_o be_v many_o observation_n to_o make_v this_o more_o apparent_a therefore_o let_v we_o illustrate_v this_o by_o example_n peter_n deliver_v five_o hundred_o pound_n to_o john_n who_o be_v to_o give_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o peter_n take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o william_n and_o may_v give_v he_o the_o say_a bill_n of_o john_n for_o it_o william_n take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o nicholas_n and_o may_v deliver_v john_n and_o peter_n bill_n for_o it_o nicholas_n take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o francis_n &_o do_v give_v he_o the_o bill_n
exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v the_o receipt_n for_o the_o bill_n be_v give_v upon_o account_n between_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v up_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o clear_v their_o account_n and_o the_o party_n break_v do_v owe_v unto_o he_o far_o great_a sum_n the_o party_n at_o london_n answer_v the_o notary_n that_o they_o look_v to_o be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o acceptation_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o for_o other_o matter_n they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v therewith_o interim_n the_o party_n at_o london_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n die_v and_o so_o all_o the_o bill_n return_v protest_v and_o the_o matter_n rest_v undetermine_v but_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o merchant_n and_o my_o own_o be_v that_o the_o acceptor_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o pay_v they_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o executor_n be_v liable_a thereunto_o unless_o there_o be_v find_v a_o apparent_a combination_n and_o practice_n in_o it_o between_o the_o two_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n as_o be_v by_o many_o suspect_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o observation_n of_o exchange_n chap._n vii_o of_o notary_n intimation_n and_o protest_v the_o intimation_n of_o notary_n well_o and_o orderly_o make_v may_v be_v call_v to_o be_v true_a probation_n of_o the_o original_n in_o the_o court_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n whereby_o the_o better_a foundation_n may_v be_v lay_v in_o all_o litigious_a cause_n which_o take_v their_o feel_a beginning_n of_o a_o wrong_n do_v protest_v the_o time_n of_o intimation_n and_o protest_v whereof_o intimation_n be_v a_o manifestation_n and_o protest_v as_o be_v more_o sensible_a be_v mean_n of_o the_o redress_n thereof_o both_o these_o have_v a_o tripartite_a reference_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n to_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o which_o we_o be_v to_o make_v our_o declaration_n observe_v first_o and_o foremost_a that_o the_o time_n to_o make_v the_o say_a 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day_n and_o if_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o you_o have_v commit_v the_o like_a fault_n and_o thereupon_o a_o protest_v be_v make_v against_o you_o and_o the_o notary_n will_v crave_v your_o answer_n to_o be_v record_v that_o thereupon_o at_o convenient_a time_n some_o advantage_n may_v be_v take_v against_o you_o the_o not_o answer_v being_n take_v to_o be_v discourteous_a or_o brutish_a the_o ordinary_a answer_n be_v video_fw-la &_o taceo_fw-la or_o i_o do_v hear_v and_o see_v which_o word_n the_o notary_n do_v insert_v in_o his_o act_n intimation_n or_o protest_v specialty_n money_n payable_a by_o bond_n or_o specialty_n if_o intimation_n protest_v or_o witness_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o receipt_n and_o payment_n of_o money_n upon_o bond_n or_o other_o evidence_n limit_v to_o a_o day_n you_o be_v then_o to_o observe_v the_o last_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o to_o tender_a or_o to_o attend_v for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o to_o be_v receive_v until_o sun_n set_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o common_o stay_v there_o one_o hour_n after_o sun_n set_v with_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o house_n lodging_n or_o place_n be_v shut_v up_o make_v your_o tender_a or_o demand_v upon_o the_o threshold_n of_o the_o door_n but_o the_o money_n must_v be_v tell_v even_o and_o then_o put_v up_o again_o into_o the_o bag_n and_o to_o take_v notice_n and_o witness_n of_o it_o under_o their_o hand_n write_v of_o the_o day_n and_o hour_n when_o the_o money_n be_v tender_v or_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o it_o be_v demand_v but_o this_o last_o be_v in_o case_n when_o money_n be_v make_v paiable_a upon_o reasonable_a demand_n demand_n money_n paiable_a upon_o reasonable_a demand_n for_o albeit_o that_o money_n simple_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v owe_v by_o bill_n or_o bond_n without_o limitation_n of_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n be_v take_v to_o be_v due_a ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o do_v underwrite_v the_o say_a bill_n or_o bond_n yet_o civility_n require_v a_o kind_n of_o intimation_n and_o demand_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n although_o a_o bill_n have_v a_o time_n limit_v for_o the_o payment_n yet_o if_o the_o same_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a and_o have_v be_v never_o demand_v it_o be_v void_a of_o course_n and_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o that_o law_n and_o bill_n make_v upon_o reasonable_a demand_n if_o they_o be_v not_o demand_v in_o seven_o year_n which_o be_v account_v for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n it_o be_v void_a also_o for_o there_o must_v be_v a_o determinate_a course_n in_o all_o thing_n or_o a_o continuance_n by_o way_n of_o reviuer_n therefore_o land_n hold_v in_o quiet_a possession_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixty_o year_n be_v a_o perpetual_a inheritance_n by_o the_o say_v law_n if_o money_n payable_a upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o bond_n forfeiture_n money_n take_v which_o be_v payable_a upon_o a_o forfeiture_n have_v be_v take_v or_o rob_v upon_o the_o high_a way_n or_o otherwise_o whereby_o the_o bond_n can_v not_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o day_n yet_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v intimation_n of_o it_o at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o avoid_v all_o such_o advantage_n as_o may_v be_v take_v thereupon_o upon_o the_o redemption_n of_o land_n or_o lease_n jewel_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n will_v relieve_v a_o man_n hereupon_o the_o soon_o for_o it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o a_o good_a will_n and_o intention_n prevent_v by_o such_o a_o mischievous_a accident_n et_fw-la si_fw-la desint_fw-la vires_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la laudanda_fw-la voluntas_fw-la concern_v intimation_n and_o protest_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o payment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v exchange_n for_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o the_o first_o protest_v which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o intimation_n require_v more_o celerity_n than_o the_o other_o and_o albeit_o that_o by_o custom_n the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o accept_v the_o same_o have_v twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n respite_n to_o deliberate_v before_o he_o give_v his_o answer_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o lose_v any_o time_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o protest_v of_o acceptation_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o pregnant_a cause_n the_o protest_v may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o notary_n for_o a_o while_n but_o your_o diligence_n can_v be_v discommend_v this_o protest_v be_v make_v exchange_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o afterward_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n become_v due_a the_o notary_n be_v the_o fit_a man_n to_o demand_v the_o payment_n or_o to_o protest_v unless_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o
the_o price_n for_o their_o advantage_n and_o so_o jump_v all_o to_o one_o end_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a money_n before_o declare_v which_o make_v the_o main_a ocean_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n of_o england_n be_v swallow_v up_o as_o a_o little_a river_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o take_v still_o advantage_n upon_o our_o fine_a money_n and_o staple_n ware_n to_o glut_v we_o with_o their_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o hence_o proceed_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n exchange_n primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o inequality_n so_o much_o abuse_v from_o the_o true_a exchange_n of_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o nevertheless_o admit_v to_o be_v high_a and_o low_a upon_o just_a occasion_n above_o the_o same_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o or_o the_o taker_n of_o it_o many_o or_o few_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o about_o seventie_o year_n past_a between_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o low-countries_n many_o of_o their_o coin_n although_o much_o differ_v in_o standard_n do_v in_o the_o pound_n or_o mark_v weight_n and_o in_o the_o very_a piece_n and_o price_n answer_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o do_v contain_v as_o much_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n as_o we_o par._n equal_a exchange_n or_o a_o true_a par._n and_o be_v also_o name_v and_o value_v according_o whereby_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o make_v also_o twenty_o shilling_n with_o they_o be_v a_o true_a par._n as_o for_o example_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 23_o car_n 3_o ½_n the_o angel_n at_o 10_o the_o emperor_n royal_a at_o 10_o 22_o car_n fine_a 22_o car_n the_o french_a crown_n 6_o the_o flemish_a crown_n 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 11_o ow_v 2_o penny_n weight_n ed._n crown_n of_o silver_n 5_o the_o philip_n dolor_n 5_o 10_o ounce_n fine_a english_a shilling_n 1_o flemish_n six_o stiver_n 1_o ten_o groat_n silver_n with_o the_o emperor_n florin_v four_o penny_n 3_o all_o these_o coin_n be_v not_o answer_v in_o standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o be_v alter_v and_o enhance_v by_o valuation_n to_o double_a and_o more_o as_o you_o may_v find_v by_o the_o valuation_n heretofore_o declare_v by_o mean_n whereof_o inequality_n creep_v in_o by_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o our_o merchant_n have_v follow_v the_o advice_n of_o other_o and_o lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n england_n lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o do_v observe_v to_o raise_v the_o price_n here_o when_o it_o be_v rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o we_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o they_o do_v fall_v and_o so_o the_o public_a measure_n of_o exchange_n between_o they_o and_o we_o be_v falsify_v and_o untrue_a whereby_o our_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o also_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v buy_v this_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o similitude_n for_o concern_v the_o sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n we_o do_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o some_o draper_n do_v sell_v his_o cloth_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o yard_n and_o suffer_v the_o buyer_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o same_o by_o the_o buyer_n own_o false_a yard_n or_o like_o a_o grocer_n that_o sell_v out_o his_o pepper_n by_o the_o pound_n at_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o and_o be_v content_v that_o the_o buyer_n shall_v weigh_v it_o out_o by_o a_o weight_n which_o unknown_a unto_o he_o be_v false_a and_o so_o lose_v unaware_o or_o get_v less_o than_o he_o make_v account_n of_o because_o the_o fraud_n use_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v unknown_a unto_o he_o even_o so_o be_v the_o cunning_a course_n of_o exchange_n unknown_a unto_o we_o and_o so_o be_v our_o money_n export_v and_o hinder_v to_o be_v import_v again_o *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n as_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o better_a judgement_n so_o by_o compare_v they_o often_o to_o their_o principle_n &_o original_n not_o only_o the_o disgression_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a but_o also_o the_o long_a continuance_n in_o the_o same_o estate_n be_v thereby_o procure_v to_o reduce_v they_o again_o to_o their_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n require_v this_o consideration_n for_o the_o reduce_v thereof_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n and_o foundation_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsique_n value_n of_o coin_n of_o country_n and_o country_n according_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o in_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o scarcity_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n proceed_v of_o the_o few_o or_o many_o deliverer_n and_o taker_n thereof_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n not_o by_o commodity_n only_o but_o also_o by_o exchange_n devise_v upon_o money_n in_o nature_n of_o merchandise_n herein_o be_v the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o name_v to_o be_v consider_v joint_o and_o divide_o for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n etc._n the_o general_a benefit_n to_o be_v prefer_v etc._n etc._n and_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o particular_a or_o few_o person_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o general_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o particular_a yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o particular_a will_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o general_a whereby_o private_a person_n may_v reap_v a_o benefit_n to_o the_o hurt_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n in_o nature_n of_o some_o monopoly_n heretofore_o declare_v which_o may_v as_o well_o happen_v by_o ignorance_n as_o by_o premeditate_a practice_n for_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o merchant_n can_v enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v at_o dear_a rate_n and_o the_o native_a commodity_n at_o lesser_a rate_n export_v respective_o of_o former_a time_n by_o the_o disportation_n whereof_o come_v a_o evident_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n merchant_n do_v not_o regard_v whether_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n in_o other_o country_n whereby_o our_o money_n be_v export_v and_o foreign_a coin_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v but_o at_o a_o exceed_a loss_n last_o merchant_n do_v not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n nor_o the_o several_a difference_n of_o standard_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n a_o matter_n so_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o know_v to_o drive_v a_o profitable_a trade_n as_o by_o this_o book_n they_o may_v now_o understand_v for_o the_o common_a good_a prince_n and_o governor_n therefore_o be_v to_o direct_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n wherein_o the_o law-merchant_n must_v be_v the_o true_a guide_n and_o direct_a this_o direction_n must_v as_o well_o be_v establish_v upon_o the_o coin_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o upon_o the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o several_a coin_n upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v thereof_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n whereby_o sometime_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o proportionable_o value_v according_a to_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n which_o be_v thereby_o divert_v also_o to_o be_v import_v unto_o we_o for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v the_o valuation_n aforesaid_a make_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n at_o which_o time_n the_o royal_a of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o and_o two_o stiver_n and_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o also_o their_o own_o doller_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a shilling_n at_o twelve_o penny_n here_o be_v there_o value_v at_o ten_o stiver_n make_v twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a to_o be_v by_o exchange_n thirty_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n as_o a_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o like_a for_o hamborough_n at_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n as_o have_v be_v note_v now_o five_o royal_n of_o eight_o which_o be_v at_o forty_o two_o stiver_n thirty_o five_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o forty_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o fifty_o one_o stiver_n and_o yet_o the_o exchange_n be_v take_v still_o at_o the_o say_a
shilling_n or_o seventie_o two_o penny_n and_o 72_o ½_n penny_n for_o the_o say_v french_a crown_n in_o exchange_n when_o the_o crown_n in_o specie_fw-la be_v pay_v he_o in_o france_n for_o seventie_o five_o sou_n the_o like_a consideration_n be_v we_o to_o have_v of_o the_o dollar_n of_o germany_n of_o the_o polish_v guilder_n or_o florin_n and_o all_o other_o coin_n enhance_v above_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n heretofore_o calculate_v among_o merchant_n and_o especial_o with_o the_o admittance_n of_o prince_n the_o operation_n hereof_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v of_o very_o great_a moment_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a when_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o sensible_a which_o make_v i_o to_o compare_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o serpent_n aspis_n which_o sting_v man_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o fall_v into_o a_o pleasant_a sleep_n until_o they_o die_v which_o be_v mean_v by_o particular_a person_n who_o estate_n be_v consume_v by_o run_v upon_o exchange_n or_o like_v unto_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o planet_n saturn_n which_o make_v his_o spherecall_a course_n in_o thirty_o year_n with_o great_a operation_n although_o we_o do_v not_o so_o sensible_o perceive_v his_o motion_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o revolution_n of_o state_n affair_n in_o progress_n and_o continuance_n of_o time_n chap._n xi_o of_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o use_v the_o course_n of_o attachment_n as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n which_o be_v borrow_v from_o merchant_n action_n observe_v in_o foreign_a country_n and_o be_v thereupon_o by_o custom_n here_o establish_v it_o be_v a_o ready_a way_n whereby_o man_n may_v secure_v themselves_o of_o present_a mean_n if_o they_o doubt_v of_o their_o debtor_n for_o if_o the_o creditor_n do_v know_v any_o debt_n or_o good_n belong_v unto_o his_o debtor_n he_o may_v instant_o upon_o a_o speciality_n to_o be_v exhibit_v unto_o the_o magistrate_n have_v authority_n to_o attach_v the_o say_a debt_n and_o good_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o person_n where_o he_o find_v the_o same_o only_o privilege_v place_n except_v or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n in_o most_o place_n to_o this_o attachment_n if_o the_o party_n do_v appear_v and_o put_v in_o bail_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o attorney_n then_o the_o attachment_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a and_o declaration_n be_v put_v in_o depend_v in_o court_n upon_o the_o say_a bail_n and_o if_o no_o declaration_n be_v put_v in_o the_o next_o court_n day_n or_o within_o three_o day_n than_o the_o say_a bail_n be_v likewise_o discharge_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n albeit_o this_o be_v not_o so_o due_o observe_v as_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n require_v but_o if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o appear_v and_o the_o attachment_n do_v proceed_v three_o court_n day_n or_o three_o default_n to_o be_v enter_v then_o for_o the_o four_o default_n judgement_n or_o sentence_n be_v give_v that_o he_o who_o do_v make_v the_o attachment_n shall_v recover_v the_o say_a debt_n and_o good_n and_o take_v the_o same_o into_o his_o own_o possession_n upon_o good_a surety_n to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o court_n to_o answer_v the_o value_n thereof_o within_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o proprietary_n may_v disreason_n the_o say_a recovery_n by_o disprove_v the_o other_o party_n surmise_n or_o allegation_n prove_v that_o the_o speciality_n be_v pay_v whereupon_o the_o attachment_n be_v ground_v for_o the_o attachment_n beyond_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v make_v upon_o any_o pretend_a action_n but_o must_v be_v do_v upon_o a_o bill_n of_o debt_n and_o many_o time_n the_o magistrate_n will_v sequester_v the_o good_n or_o debt_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o avoid_v incertainty_n of_o honest_a deal_n beside_o merchant_n will_v be_v advise_v before_o they_o make_v attachment_n because_o both_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n do_v impose_v great_a damage_n upon_o the_o party_n if_o he_o have_v make_v his_o attachment_n without_o just_a cause_n to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o other_o party_n credit_n and_o moreover_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o debt_n appear_v by_o specialty_n or_o bill_n obligatorie_n it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o say_v debt_n be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o unto_o other_o merchant_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n heretofore_o mention_v whereby_o the_o property_n be_v alter_v i_o remember_v a_o case_n of_o my_o own_o that_o happen_v above_o twenty_o year_n since_o which_o concur_v with_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n a_o merchant_n be_v indebt_v unto_o i_o by_o a_o bill_n obligatorie_n the_o sum_n of_o 800_o will_v payable_a at_o six_o month_n be_v persuade_v by_o a_o friend_n of_o his_o with_o who_o i_o have_v some_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o account_n to_o suffer_v a_o attachment_n to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o hand_n of_o the_o say_a money_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n upon_o promise_n make_v unto_o he_o that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o long_a day_n of_o payment_n for_o the_o say_a money_n whereupon_o my_o debtor_n appear_v to_o the_o say_a attachment_n and_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o say_a debt_n of_o 800_o will_v rely_v upon_o the_o long_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o that_o make_v the_o attachment_n do_v proceed_v in_o the_o law_n and_o have_v judgement_n thereupon_o make_v no_o doubt_n to_o obtain_v execution_n according_o be_v advise_v by_o learned_a council_n in_o london_n judgement_n attachment_n to_o be_v remove_v after_o judgement_n we_o suffer_v he_o so_o far_o to_o proceed_v and_o then_o we_o do_v speak_v in_o arrest_n of_o execution_n and_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o certiorare_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n put_v in_o special_a bail_n in_o london_n to_o satisfy_v the_o judgement_n the_o record_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o say_a court_n of_o king_n bench_n and_o there_o we_o do_v put_v in_o other_o bail_n and_o upon_o that_o bring_v a_o supersedias_fw-la into_o london_n and_o discharge_v our_o especial_a bail_n and_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a attachment_n and_o all_o proceed_n be_v make_v void_a and_o this_o merchant_n be_v take_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la and_o order_v to_o bring_v the_o money_n instant_o into_o the_o court_n whereas_o he_o have_v yet_o six_o month_n for_o the_o payment_n the_o interest_n whereof_o be_v 40_o will_v whereby_o the_o proverb_n take_v place_n fallere_fw-la fallentem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la fraus_fw-la here_o the_o law_n do_v prevail_v against_o custom_n but_o in_o another_o like_a matter_n of_o attachment_n custom_n have_v prevail_v against_o the_o law_n one_o be_v indebt_v unto_o another_o the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n payable_a at_o a_o certain_a time_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o creditor_n go_v over_o beyond_o the_o sea_n before_o the_o money_n be_v due_a the_o cautelous_a debtor_n upon_o untrue_a surmise_n to_o defraud_v the_o creditor_n make_v attachment_n of_o this_o money_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n and_o put_v in_o surety_n to_o be_v answerable_a for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o the_o court_n in_o which_o time_n the_o say_a creditor_n be_v to_o disreason_n the_o say_a pretend_a debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o ignorant_a of_o these_o proceed_n come_v over_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o the_o debtor_n have_v judgement_n upon_o the_o say_a attachment_n and_o execution_n award_v unto_o he_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o creditor_n be_v now_o come_v over_o demand_v his_o money_n the_o other_o deny_v to_o owe_v he_o any_o in_o brief_a the_o bill_n be_v put_v in_o suit_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o debtor_n do_v plead_v the_o say_a judgement_n and_o recovery_n in_o london_n and_o by_o that_o practice_n and_o fraudulent_a mean_n defeat_v his_o creditor_n and_o be_v do_v by_o law_n it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v no_o cozenage_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o star-chamber_n or_o other_o court_n only_o the_o party_n be_v a.k._n touch_v citizen_n or_o merchant_n arrest_v beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o no_o officer_n may_v arrest_v after_o sun_n set_v set_v no_o arrest_n to_o be_v alter_v sun_n set_v such_o therefore_o as_o go_v abroad_o but_o at_o those_o time_n be_v say_v to_o fly_v with_o the_o owl_n by_o a_o common_a proverb_n and_o it_o be_v hope_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o the_o debtor_n may_v by_o have_v access_n at_o some_o time_n unto_o his_o creditor_n compound_v with_o he_o and_o preserve_v the_o good_a opinion_n and_o credit_n wherein_o he_o live_v and_o thereby_o not_o only_o have_v mean_n to_o recover_v himself_o but_o also_o be_v
a_o occasion_n to_o gather_v in_o his_o own_o debt_n soon_o in_o some_o place_n also_o they_o may_v not_o arrest_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o holiday_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v deprive_v of_o divine_a service_n towards_o god_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o soul_n the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n may_v not_o arrest_v any_o man_n upon_o the_o burse_n or_o royal_a exchange_n although_o the_o party_n to_o be_v arrest_v shall_v yield_v thereunto_o and_o renounce_v the_o say_a privilege_n it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o that_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v upon_o the_o exchange_n at_o antuerp_n have_v notice_n give_v he_o that_o another_o merchant_n have_v give_v order_n that_o upon_o his_o go_v from_o the_o exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o that_o the_o officer_n do_v attend_v he_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n whereupon_o he_o perceive_v the_o say_a officer_n call_v he_o unto_o he_o and_o say_v he_o will_v obey_v the_o arrest_n which_o for_o the_o first_o time_n be_v but_o a_o adiourn_v or_o citation_n the_o officer_n do_v require_v a_o pledge_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o coin_n in_o token_n thereof_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v which_o he_o give_v he_o afterward_o this_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v otherwise_o advise_v by_o his_o friend_n do_v disclaim_v from_o that_o arrest_n because_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o exchange_n and_o claim_v the_o say_a privilege_n insomuch_o that_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o learned_a advocate_n on_o both_o side_n do_v thereupon_o assemble_v in_o the_o town-house_n as_o it_o be_v the_o guild-hall_n and_o there_o the_o matter_n be_v debate_v and_o discuss_v at_o large_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v at_o last_o conclude_v and_o determine_v that_o the_o say_a arrest_n be_v void_a in_o law_n for_o the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n by_o any_o particular_a privilege_n the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n can_v abolish_v the_o privilege_n or_o many_o person_n can_v derogate_v or_o abrogate_v any_o custom_n or_o privilege_n not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o also_o in_o the_o particular_a so_o that_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o he_o may_v have_v be_v arrest_v again_o but_o he_o be_v non_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o arrest_n he_o be_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o all_o privilege_a place_n as_o church_n chapel_n churchyard_n and_o other_o place_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o diverse_a city_n and_o town_n do_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o be_v arrest_v upon_o foreign_a plea_n for_o debt_n or_o contract_n make_v in_o other_o town_n place_n or_o country_n which_o be_v as_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o some_o merchant_n as_o the_o town_n of_o middleborough_n in_o zealand_n refuge_n town_n of_o refuge_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o city_n and_o town_n in_o other_o country_n and_o most_o city_n and_o town_n where_o a_o nation_n or_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n do_v agree_v to_o make_v their_o residence_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o other_o common_o the_o say_a city_n and_o town_n do_v exempt_v they_o from_o all_o litigious_a suit_n which_o happen_v between_o themselves_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o their_o governor_n or_o court_n master_n so_o as_o only_a controversy_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o stranger_n or_o inhabitant_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o merchant_n difference_n they_o will_v also_o free_v they_o from_o all_o debt_n owe_v by_o king_n prince_n and_o state_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o traffic_n be_v not_o interrupt_v the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n which_o make_v these_o arrest_n be_v know_v by_o their_o habit_n habit_n officer_n know_v by_o their_o habit_n or_o by_o a_o rod_n to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o may_v not_o by_o stealth_n come_v upon_o a_o man_n whereby_o many_o insolence_n be_v prevent_v and_o sergeant_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v kill_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v with_o us._n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o their_o habit_n or_o colour_n no_o man_n be_v to_o assist_v they_o if_o they_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o rescue_v of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v no_o offence_n and_o howsoever_o if_o a_o man_n arrest_v or_o to_o be_v arrest_v do_v run_v away_o every_o man_n give_v he_o way_n as_o desirous_a to_o help_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o trouble_n account_v the_o arrest_v of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hangman_n office_n and_o nevertheless_o their_o hangman_n be_v see_v to_o be_v always_o in_o rich_a apparel_n and_o be_v repute_v as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o be_v very_o contemptible_a and_o base_a return_v to_o speak_v again_o of_o attachment_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consideration_n with_o we_o not_o to_o admit_v any_o to_o be_v do_v either_o in_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a specialty_n attachment_n to_o be_v grant_v upon_o specialty_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o plain_a specialty_n and_o also_o with_o put_v in_o good_a surety_n for_o the_o cost_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a thing_n for_o merchant_n dwell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o merchant_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v their_o factor_n at_o london_n if_o they_o upon_o any_o surmise_n or_o pretence_n of_o debt_n shall_v make_v secret_o any_o attachment_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n of_o their_o master_n good_n either_o when_o they_o know_v their_o master_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o travel_v in_o some_o foreign_a country_n upon_o a_o long_a voyage_n as_o occasion_n may_v fall_v out_o and_o so_o by_o practice_n deceive_v they_o of_o their_o estate_n by_o plead_v afterward_o the_o say_a attachment_n or_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o in_o bar_n as_o aforesaid_a chap._n xii_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n the_o magistrate_n consider_v that_o abuse_n may_v be_v commit_v many_o way_n by_o attachment_n do_v common_o use_v sequestration_n of_o good_n by_o deliver_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n or_o take_v of_o they_o into_o their_o own_o custody_n or_o power_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n also_o be_v many_o attachment_n prevent_v which_o man_n will_v do_v if_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o good_n or_o debt_n do_v come_v into_o their_o own_o power_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o care_n not_o to_o feed_v the_o humour_n of_o contentious_a person_n which_o be_v mere_o contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n do_v consist_v they_o do_v proceed_v gradatim_fw-la law_n execution_n be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o such_o sequestration_n be_v make_v unjust_o or_o without_o cause_n the_o civil_a law_n as_o also_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n hereafter_o declare_v will_v give_v good_a cost_n and_o damage_n execution_n considerable_a execution_n in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o say_a magistrate_n there_o be_v many_o persuasive_a mean_n use_v by_o they_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o debtor_n with_o the_o creditor_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o composition_n if_o not_o than_o some_o officer_n be_v send_v to_o the_o party_n house_n to_o keep_v he_o as_o it_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o who_o he_o must_v give_v meat_n drink_n lodging_n and_o a_o daily_a fee_n according_a to_o the_o judge_n appointment_n and_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o pecuniary_a punishment_n he_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n which_o be_v aggravate_v by_o send_v two_o officer_n at_o the_o first_o than_o two_o more_o and_o so_o six_o or_o eight_o of_o they_o to_o eat_v he_o out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n for_o these_o man_n will_v gnaw_v he_o to_o the_o very_a bone_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v clyvers_a or_o devourer_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n will_v not_o endure_v this_o and_o do_v go_v wilful_o to_o prison_n than_o the_o creditor_n must_v find_v the_o debtor_n maintenance_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o may_v if_o he_o will_v present_o put_v he_o to_o bread_n and_o water_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o do_v but_o when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o party_n have_v mean_n and_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o creditor_n who_o after_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o person_n can_v come_v upon_o the_o good_n again_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o arcta_fw-la custodia_fw-la with_o
bread_n and_o water_n for_o a_o time_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v so_o poor_a and_o notwithstanding_o have_v such_o a_o cruel_a adversary_n that_o will_v make_v die_n of_o his_o bone_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o debtor_n die_v in_o prison_n and_o to_o hang_v up_o a_o bale_n of_o dice_n for_o he_o in_o the_o crown_n office_n as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o officer_n in_o place_n or_o the_o gaoler_n then_o have_v the_o law_n beyond_o the_o sea_n provide_v some_o relief_n for_o this_o poor_a man_n for_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o germany_n france_n italy_n spain_n and_o the_o low_a country_n that_o no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o debt_n above_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o creditor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v seize_v and_o sell_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v do_v or_o before_o the_o woman_n in_o most_o place_n may_v claim_v her_o dower_n for_o her_o relief_n &_o child_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o creditor_n as_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v and_o so_o the_o debtor_n be_v free_v from_o those_o debt_n for_o ever_o for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la vult_fw-la cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la liberatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o debito_fw-la if_o the_o debtor_n do_v relinquish_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o creditor_n he_o be_v free_a from_o the_o debt_n and_o all_o good_n fall_v to_o he_o afterward_o be_v his_o own_o but_o this_o man_n be_v ever_o after_o disable_v to_o come_v to_o any_o preferment_n and_o such_o a_o creditor_n as_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o will_v be_v hate_v and_o account_v worse_a than_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la or_o to_o make_v session_n of_o good_n be_v very_o heinous_a bonis_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la and_o of_o wonderful_a disgrace_n so_o that_o most_o man_n will_v rather_o die_v in_o misery_n than_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o because_o it_o happen_v not_o once_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o be_v it_o far_o inferior_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o pillory_n or_o the_o strike_n over_o the_o leg_n use_v in_o russia_n at_o the_o creditor_n instance_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o debt_n pay_v the_o party_n come_v before_o the_o town-house_n and_o stand_v upon_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o unloose_v his_o girdle_n he_o desire_v they_o and_o all_o the_o world_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n and_o so_o renounce_v all_o what_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v his_o or_o what_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n he_o may_v pretend_v and_o in_o token_n thereof_o he_o may_v not_o wear_v his_o girdle_n any_o more_o nor_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o business_n as_o a_o live_a man_n yet_o afterward_o by_o some_o composition_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o creditor_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v by_o a_o declaration_n to_o be_v make_v by_o some_o officer_n upon_o the_o say_a stone_n and_o then_o he_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v his_o girdle_n again_o in_o the_o say_a country_n no_o gentleman_n or_o man_n of_o quality_n may_v be_v imprison_v at_o all_o for_o debt_n his_o estate_n only_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o with_o reservation_n of_o such_o necessary_a thing_n as_o honesty_n honour_n humanity_n and_o christianity_n do_v challenge_v namely_o the_o soldier_n person_n his_o arm_n his_o apparel_n bed_n and_o chamber_n convenient_o and_o necessary_o furnish_v which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v for_o debt_n and_o the_o like_a reservation_n be_v make_v to_o every_o other_o man_n of_o quality_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n according_a to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o england_n be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o bondage_n than_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o christian_n or_o heathen_a country_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o mischief_n and_o incovenience_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o imprison_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n have_v be_v propound_v heretofore_o in_o parliament_n by_o a_o print_a remonstrance_n which_o like_o unto_o a_o pamphlet_n may_v be_v lose_v whereby_o good_a matter_n be_v many_o time_n put_v in_o oblivion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v a_o abstract_n thereof_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o the_o say_a reason_n be_v lay_v down_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o book_n in_o hope_n of_o some_o relief_n unto_o decay_a merchant_n who_o estate_n may_v remain_v liable_a to_o answer_v their_o creditor_n without_o imprison_v of_o their_o body_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n the_o law_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_n charity_n and_o against_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o country_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o final_o against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n the_o law_n of_o god_n will_v and_o command_v every_o man_n to_o follow_v a_o vocation_n to_o do_v the_o honour_n god_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n duty_n and_o service_n owe_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n and_o parent_n and_o to_o maintain_v his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o direct_o or_o indirect_o forbid_v the_o say_a christian_n duty_n in_o the_o perform_n thereof_o by_o a_o imprisonment_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereupon_o all_o humane_a law_n ought_v to_o be_v ground_v no_o law_n of_o god_n will_v or_o command_v imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n nor_o be_v it_o warrant_v by_o any_o example_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o efficient_a mean_n bring_v man_n into_o prison_n as_o usury_n be_v appear_v plain_o to_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n as_o have_v be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n neither_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n a_o word_n of_o command_n or_o warrant_v for_o imprison_v a_o christian_n brother_n for_o debt_n 34.14_o exod._n 22.26_o deut._n 23.19_o levit._fw-la 25_o 35._o ezech._n 18_o 8._o jeremy_n 34.14_o but_o rather_o contain_v a_o command_n to_o relieve_v he_o if_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o decay_n to_o take_v care_n how_o and_o wherein_o he_o shall_v sleep_v to_o set_v he_o free_a at_o six_o year_n end_n and_o then_o to_o reward_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o so_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n man_n against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a most_o eminent_a &_o most_o bind_a law_n no_o man_n may_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v for_o debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v to_o take_v satisfaction_n upon_o the_o debtor_n estate_n of_o good_n &_o land_n according_a to_o magna_fw-la char._n 3._o h._n 3._o and_o 14._o ed._n 3._o although_o after_o accountant_n only_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v until_o they_o pay_v which_o be_v make_v general_a against_o all_o debtor_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 17._o yet_o prisoner_n in_o execution_n might_n and_o do_v follow_v their_o vocation_n and_o affair_n by_o bail_n mainprize_n or_o baston_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 12._o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o be_v prisoner_n tie_v up_o short_a to_o the_o writ_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la or_o the_o king_n special_a mandate_n upon_o surmise_n corpus_fw-la habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la that_o the_o say_v debtor_n make_v secret_a estate_n in_o trust_n to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n or_o be_v wilful_a and_o obstinate_a to_o pay_v they_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v these_o objection_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v all_o promiscuous_o aswell_o frauder_n as_o non_fw-la frauder_n without_o and_o before_o any_o proof_n make_v yet_o if_o the_o fraud_n be_v prove_v or_o his_o ability_n and_o sufficiency_n either_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o imprison_v his_o body_n because_o the_o law_n do_v give_v the_o estate_n fourthwith_o to_o the_o creditor_n whether_o the_o debtor_n will_v or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v still_o needless_a to_o imprison_v the_o body_n for_o twenty_o year_n imprisonment_n discount_v never_o a_o penny_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o yet_o the_o debtor_n have_v suffer_v more_o misery_n and_o punishment_n than_o a_o guilty_a traitor_n or_o rebel_n suffer_v for_o the_o high_a offence_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n justice._n against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice._n that_o man_n equal_o free_v bear_v shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o common_a and_o equal_a liberty_n and_o be_v give_v into_o the_o power_n of_o another_o without_o criminal_a cause_n or_o guilt_n the_o debtor_n be_v either_o punish_v for_o guilt_n or_o cohersion_n if_o for_o guilt_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o
justice_n for_o to_o be_v find_v a_o debtor_n in_o the_o law_n be_v no_o criminal_a guilt_n and_o therefore_o unjust_a to_o punish_v he_o criminal_o if_o for_o cohersion_n to_o make_v the_o debtor_n bring_v forth_o his_o estate_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n it_o be_v also_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o enforce_v a_o man_n by_o punishment_n to_o do_v that_o which_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v in_o his_o power_n or_o whereof_o the_o law_n be_v already_o certify_v that_o there_o be_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o capias_fw-la grant_v against_o the_o body_n by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v also_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o thrust_v all_o kind_n of_o debtor_n into_o a_o prison_n together_o in_o a_o heap_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o man_n to_o more_o or_o less_o guilt_n of_o fraud_n or_o obstinacy_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o honest_a or_o a_o usurious_a debt_n life_n plutarch_n in_o solon_n life_n to_o more_o or_o less_o mean_n of_o the_o debtor_n whereby_o he_o must_v live_v or_o starve_v in_o prison_n or_o to_o the_o hold_v he_o one_o or_o twenty_o year_n in_o prison_n for_o some_o be_v great_a debt_n for_o thousand_o some_o be_v small_a debt_n for_o trifle_n some_o be_v suppose_v debt_n not_o yet_o prove_v and_o in_o truth_n some_o be_v no_o debt_n but_o for_o certain_a all_o or_o nine_o in_o ten_o be_v usurious_a debt_n and_o forfeiture_n scarce_o one_o honest_a debt_n of_o a_o hundred_o but_o all_o by_o unlawful_a gain_n upon_o corrupt_a and_o desperate_a adventure_n but_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o imprisonment_n be_v no_o punishment_n for_o prisoner_n live_v at_o ease_n and_o pleasure_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o received_a opinion_n but_o the_o misery_n and_o affliction_n of_o imprisonment_n be_v inexplicable_a and_o can_v be_v conceive_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o feel_v or_o have_v proof_n thereof_o the_o ancient_a roman_n construe_v and_o repute_v imprisonment_n to_o be_v a_o guard_n or_o saâ—e_v keep_v of_o slave_n and_o bondman_n but_o a_o heavy_a punishment_n to_o free_v bear_v man_n and_o it_o be_v record_v that_o the_o prophet_n micha_n be_v send_v to_o prison_n to_o be_v feed_v with_o the_o bread_n of_o affliction_n for_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n imprisonment_n a_o description_n of_o imprisonment_n a_o grief_n and_o torture_n of_o the_o mind_n a_o long_a and_o linger_a die_v and_o sometime_o a_o short_a kill_n by_o plague_n etc._n etc._n it_o overthrow_v a_o man_n reputation_n and_o destroy_v all_o that_o be_v good_a and_o dear_a unto_o he_o his_o kindred_n grow_v strange_a his_o friend_n forsake_v he_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n suffer_v with_o he_o or_o leave_v he_o or_o rebel_n or_o degenerate_a against_o he_o and_o lie_v open_a to_o all_o disgrace_n and_o villainy_n of_o the_o world_n in_o who_o misery_n the_o prisoner_n suffer_v more_o than_o in_o his_o own_o suffering_n before_o he_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o these_o misery_n and_o evil_n and_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o he_o lie_v open_a to_o every_o arrow_n of_o scandal_n or_o calumny_n that_o a_o malicious_a adversary_n will_v shoot_v at_o he_o which_o he_o can_v neither_o resist_v nor_o avoid_v because_o he_o be_v absent_a to_o confront_v they_o behind_o he_o grief_n for_o loss_n of_o liberty_n credit_n friend_n estate_n and_o all_o good_a fortune_n his_o bail_n and_o surety_n who_o common_o be_v his_o near_a kin_n or_o dear_a friend_n lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o adversary_n or_o be_v already_o imprison_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o ill_a air_n straight_a place_n hard_a lodging_n unwholesome_a diet_n with_o the_o noise_n noisomeness_n pester_v and_o fetter_n the_o body_n of_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o least_o of_o many_o evil_n charity_n against_o conscience_n and_o charity_n let_v this_o be_v weigh_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_a charity_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o these_o proceed_n can_v subsist_v for_o they_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o not_o warrant_v by_o scripture_n but_o to_o induce_v diverse_a necessary_a consequence_n for_o proof_n hereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v how_o many_o way_n any_o man_n may_v guiltless_o and_o innocent_o fall_v by_o the_o law_n innocent_o guiltless_o or_o innocent_o be_v convict_v of_o debt_n or_o damage_n and_o cast_v into_o prison_n thereupon_o viz._n by_o misprision_n or_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o or_o his_o attorney_n in_o plead_v of_o the_o cause_n by_o careless_a or_o unskilful_a councillor_n especial_o when_o false_a thing_n be_v cunning_o lay_v or_o true_a thing_n uncertain_o lay_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o defendant_n want_v mean_n to_o pay_v his_o attorney_n or_o council_n and_o by_o combination_n of_o the_o adversary_n with_o the_o defendant_n attorney_n solicitor_n or_o councillor_n or_o with_o the_o witness_n or_o juror_n for_o love_n malice_n or_o end_n of_o their_o own_o by_o perjury_n of_o witness_n in_o conceal_v pervert_v and_o misapply_v truth_n or_o depose_v untruth_n and_o by_o subornation_n of_o witness_n juror_n or_o officer_n in_o the_o impannel_a of_o juror_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o judge_n casualty_n by_o casualty_n a_o man_n may_v likewise_o be_v disable_v and_o become_v insoluent_a by_o as_o many_o casualty_n and_o act_n of_o honest_a and_o good_a intention_n and_o consequent_o become_v a_o debtor_n and_o be_v cast_v into_o prison_n thereupon_o as_o by_o suretyship_n bail_n or_o security_n for_o kinsman_n friend_n or_o other_o likewise_o by_o loan_n unto_o they_o who_o pay_v not_o again_o also_o by_o falsehood_n of_o friend_n servant_n and_o other_o put_v in_o trust_n with_o money_n evidence_n office_n trade_n and_o land_n again_o by_o move_v a_o just_a suit_n in_o law_n where_o may_v practice_n or_o falsehood_n overbear_v he_o or_o many_o year_n suit_n consume_v he_o also_o by_o fire_n water_n shipwreck_n and_o such_o like_a sudden_a and_o unresistable_a accident_n at_o sea_n or_o at_o land_n by_o robbery_n of_o thief_n and_o pirate_n by_o unprofitable_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o land_n lease_n merchandise_n etc._n etc._n by_o arrest_v seizure_n or_o pretence_n and_o detriment_n of_o foreign_a prince_n by_o sudden_a loss_n of_o friend_n or_o master_n on_o who_o favour_n any_o man_n estate_n depend_v also_o by_o error_n in_o make_v or_o keep_v reckon_n and_o account_n or_o by_o lose_v or_o not_o call_v for_o acquitance_n bill_n bond_n release_v or_o engagement_n and_o assurance_n for_o warranties_n annuity_n dower_n joyncture_n legacy_n and_o such_o like_a by_o vsuror_n and_o usury_n eat_v up_o a_o man_n estate_n by_o interest_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o mean_n whereby_o no_o man_n be_v secure_v but_o may_v become_v a_o debtor_n and_o insoluent_a and_o this_o law_n take_v no_o consideration_n or_o admit_v no_o information_n hereof_o but_o in_o summo_fw-la jure_fw-la juâ—_n summuâ—_n juâ—_n give_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n without_o any_o conscionable_a respect_n and_o the_o after_o proceed_n be_v suitable_a for_o after_o judgement_n though_o the_o debtor_n by_o his_o good_n discharge_v ninety_o and_o nine_o pound_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n principal_a yet_o the_o body_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v imprison_v till_o he_o pay_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o he_o have_v no_o good_n nor_o chattel_n or_o not_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o whole_a his_o body_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o the_o rest_n till_o he_o make_v payment_n or_o agreement_n marlebridge_n cap._n 23_o anno_fw-la 52_o h._n 3_o etc._n etc._n so_o every_o way_n it_o be_v in_o the_o absolute_a will_n and_o power_n of_o the_o creditor_n to_o cast_v the_o debtor_n body_n into_o prison_n when_o in_o all_o conscience_n and_o equity_n if_o he_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o pay_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v let_v out_o of_o prison_n or_o not_o to_o be_v imprison_v at_o all_o because_o the_o debtor_n body_n can_v give_v no_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o creditor_n be_v in_o itself_o consider_v some_o prisoner_n have_v mean_n and_o be_v willing_a cannoâ—_n mean_v to_o pay_v &_o yet_o cannoâ—_n but_o can_v pay_v either_o because_o the_o present_a power_n of_o their_o estate_n be_v not_o in_o they_o or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n that_o they_o can_v sell_v or_o receive_v payment_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o worth_n for_o scarce_o any_o will_v buy_v a_o prisoner_n land_n lease_n or_o good_n at_o half_a the_o worth_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o other_o interress_v without_o who_o consent_n he_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o or_o the_o estate_n be_v entangle_v with_o dower_n joyncture_n warranties_n assurance_n statute_n etc._n etc._n some_o have_v not_o mean_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v all_o and_o some_o
have_v no_o mean_n at_o all_o and_o be_v keep_v in_o prison_n because_o they_o have_v rich_a friend_n who_o for_o their_o sake_n live_v and_o die_v miserable_o in_o prison_n some_o have_v mean_n and_o will_v not_o pay_v of_o fraud_n and_o obstinacy_n but_o of_o these_o there_o be_v hardly_o find_v one_o in_o a_o hundred_o for_o if_o that_o be_v so_o the_o creditor_n who_o search_v the_o very_a reins_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o his_o estate_n will_v rather_o seize_v and_o recover_v the_o prisoner_n estate_n than_o cast_v he_o into_o prison_n where_o if_o he_o die_v he_o lose_v all_o now_o if_o a_o honest_a man_n may_v innocent_o fall_v in_o the_o law_n by_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o accident_n practice_n and_o error_n of_o other_o and_o by_o do_v just_a and_o friendly_a office_n to_o other_o and_o may_v fail_v also_o in_o his_o estate_n and_o become_v insoluent_a by_o so_o many_o way_n casual_o and_o causeless_o in_o himself_o and_o by_o the_o fault_n and_o error_n of_o other_o and_o can_v be_v a_o criminal_a debtor_n but_o one_o way_n which_o be_v by_o fraud_n and_o obstinacy_n only_o of_o which_o scarce_o one_o example_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o hundred_o how_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o any_o charity_n or_o conscience_n to_o neglect_v and_o pass_v by_o so_o many_o circumstance_n and_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o debtor_n with_o such_o cruelty_n by_o lay_v such_o a_o heap_n of_o misery_n upon_o he_o his_o wife_n child_n and_o reputation_n at_o once_o as_o imprisonment_n bring_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v very_o strict_a in_o this_o point_n of_o maintain_v pact_n and_o contract_n but_o the_o contract_n of_o those_o time_n be_v simple_a estate_n recovery_n only_o against_o the_o estate_n honest_a and_o legal_a and_o the_o recovery_n be_v against_o the_o estate_n only_o for_o there_o be_v no_o penal_a bond_n know_v nor_o usury_n practise_v by_o christian_n when_o those_o law_n be_v make_v but_o all_o our_o contract_n and_o bond_n or_o the_o great_a part_n be_v corrupt_v with_o usury_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v extortion_n in_o a_o high_a degree_n and_o to_o force_v man_n to_o perform_v such_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n credit_n liberty_n and_o many_o time_n of_o life_n too_o be_v most_o inequitable_a unjust_a the_o penalty_n of_o bond_n unjust_a especial_o be_v the_o law_n provide_v every_o creditor_n his_o full_a damage_n without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o penal_a bond_n which_o show_v that_o all_o forfeiture_n be_v needless_a and_o they_o be_v unjust_a also_o for_o they_o make_v the_o usurer_n judge_v of_o his_o own_o damage_n which_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n but_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o chancery_n do_v mitigate_v the_o hardness_n and_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n in_o usury_n for_o forfeiture_n and_o that_o wrong_a judgement_n may_v be_v reverse_a by_o attaint_n error_n audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o remedy_n be_v worse_a than_o the_o disease_n for_o all_o course_n of_o relief_n by_o law_n in_o chancery_n be_v hard_o tedious_a uncertain_a long_a and_o extreme_a chargeable_a and_o it_o be_v a_o lamentable_a case_n that_o when_o the_o debtor_n be_v unjust_o or_o unconscionable_o cast_v in_o the_o law_n strip_v of_o his_o estate_n his_o body_n imprison_v his_o liberty_n tie_v up_o his_o credit_n destroy_v and_o his_o friend_n banish_v then_o to_o send_v he_o so_o disable_v to_o seek_v remedy_n by_o new_a suit_n in_o chancery_n which_o be_v chargeable_a above_o measure_n and_o with_o the_o same_o extremity_n do_v the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n deal_v with_o the_o poor_a debtor_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v declare_v that_o prisoner_n be_v compass_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o ineffable_a misery_n and_o heavy_a affliction_n and_o therefore_o some_o can_v choose_v to_o become_v weak_a in_o faith_n stagger_v or_o desperate_a when_o there_o be_v no_o man_n to_o speak_v a_o word_n of_o comfort_n in_o due_a season_n appear_v by_o the_o miserable_a end_n of_o many_o desperate_a person_n whereby_o one_o with_o shame_n and_o distemperature_n lose_v his_o sense_n and_o die_v another_o for_o poverty_n and_o want_n perish_v one_o with_o fear_n and_o grief_n break_v his_o heart_n outright_o another_o heart_n that_o can_v break_v the_o devil_n be_v ready_a to_o teach_v he_o desperate_o how_o to_o make_v way_n one_o uncharitable_o fly_v from_o his_o keeper_n another_o desperate_o adventure_n his_o life_n to_o break_v prison_n and_o final_o many_o be_v careless_a and_o give_v to_o all_o vice_n for_o faith_n be_v right_o compare_v to_o a_o lamp_n lamp_n faith_n compare_v to_o a_o lamp_n which_o must_v have_v oil_n continual_o to_o maintain_v their_o light_n which_o otherwise_o be_v soon_o exstinguish_v so_o do_v the_o word_n of_o god_n maintain_v faith_n by_o continual_a preach_n whereof_o prisoner_n be_v destitute_a for_o the_o most_o part_n objection_n objection_n some_o man_n will_v excuse_v the_o unconscionablesse_n of_o the_o law_n allege_v that_o in_o seize_v the_o debtor_n body_n and_o good_n and_o give_v way_n to_o usury_n forfeiture_n and_o corrupt_a bargain_n the_o law_n do_v no_o more_o than_o the_o debtor_n himself_o have_v contract_v under_o his_o hand_n and_o seal_v and_o volenti_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a iniuria_fw-la whereunto_o it_o be_v answer_v answer_n answer_n 1_o first_o that_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o law_n can_v be_v so_o wash_v off_o for_o in_o debt_n where_o there_o be_v no_o contract_n under_o the_o debtor_n hand_n and_o seal_v the_o law_n give_v the_o debtor_n good_n and_o his_o body_n into_o prison_n at_o the_o creditor_n will_n 2_o that_o the_o debtor_n be_v not_o volens_fw-la for_o it_o be_v against_o every_o debtor_n will_n to_o pay_v usury_n or_o forfeiture_n but_o he_o be_v press_v thereunto_o by_o his_o own_o necessity_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o by_o the_o creditor_n uncharitable_a will_n on_o the_o other_o who_o will_v not_o lend_v but_o for_o usury_n and_o forfeiture_n 3_o the_o common_a say_n volenti_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a iniuria_fw-la be_v a_o false_a position_n else_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o knock_v a_o man_n in_o the_o head_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o die_v which_o be_v absurd_a for_o the_o will_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o party_n unto_o a_o act_n that_o be_v in_o itself_o unjust_a can_v make_v the_o act_n just_a nor_o justify_v the_o actor_n it_o be_v also_o object_v that_o if_o man_n body_n may_v not_o be_v imprison_v how_o shall_v they_o recover_v their_o debt_n answer_v upon_o the_o debtor_n estate_n only_o as_o this_o kingdom_n do_v heretofore_o and_o other_o kingdom_n now_o do_v and_o therefore_o let_v the_o creditor_n ground_n his_o trust_n thereupon_o and_o trust_v no_o further_o than_o the_o creditor_n estate_n for_o thence_o only_o can_v he_o have_v true_a satisfaction_n it_o be_v reply_v that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o credit_n give_v if_o man_n body_n may_v not_o be_v imprison_v and_o consequent_o trade_n and_o commerce_n will_v decay_v answer_v honest_a trade_n honest_a contract_n and_o honest_a trust_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v as_o plentiful_a for_o while_o there_o be_v the_o same_o use_n necessity_n and_o profit_n by_o commerce_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o same_o effect_n true_a it_o be_v that_o usurious_a contract_n will_v be_v more_o relative_o make_v to_o every_o man_n estate_n credit_n and_o honesty_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o old_a law_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n and_o yet_o do_v in_o politic_a government_n it_o be_v against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n profit_n against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n for_o all_o mean_n of_o satisfaction_n must_v arise_v either_o out_o of_o the_o debtor_n credit_n out_o of_o his_o labour_n and_o industry_n out_o of_o the_o will_n of_o his_o friend_n or_o out_o of_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o all_o thing_n that_o deprive_v or_o disable_v the_o debtor_n in_o any_o of_o these_o do_v weaken_v and_o lessen_v his_o mean_n and_o consequent_o tend_v to_o the_o creditor_n prejudice_n and_o disadvantage_n herein_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a to_o rehearse_v all_o the_o former_a misery_n decrease_v the_o debtor_n estate_n for_o daily_a experience_n prove_v that_o many_o debtor_n have_v offer_v at_o the_o first_o to_o pay_v the_o principal_a debt_n or_o half_a before_o they_o be_v cast_v in_o prison_n which_o afterward_o by_o more_o trouble_n and_o charge_n come_v upon_o they_o be_v disable_v to_o pay_v any_o thing_n how_o preposterous_a and_o absurd_a be_v it_o then_o to_o cast_v the_o debtor_n body_n into_o prison_n where_o his_o estate_n be_v waste_v his_o credit_n spoil_v his_o fortune_n and_o virtue_n lose_v his_o body_n afflict_v his_o life_n consume_v and_o murder_v and_o whereby_o the_o creditor_n bar_v himself_o from_o
for_o in_o the_o execution_n consist_v the_o life_n of_o all_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a of_o man_n action_n which_o aim_v at_o some_o certain_a end_n for_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o some_o that_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n differ_v in_o this_o fool_n difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n that_o the_o wise_a have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o end_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v and_o the_o fool_n without_o consideration_n permit_v the_o end_n to_o manifest_v in_o self_n whereof_o ignorant_a man_n judge_v according_a to_o the_o event_n although_o the_o enterprise_n be_v never_o so_o advise_o take_v in_o hand_n and_o as_o if_o the_o success_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o divine_a power_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o his_o providence_n the_o determination_n of_o all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n especial_o of_o merchant_n affair_n be_v do_v and_o execute_v as_o follow_v 1_o concern_v seafaring_a cause_n which_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o sea-lawe_n already_o write_v and_o in_o the_o premise_n abridge_v controversy_n four_o meaneâ—_n to_o end_v controversy_n we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n brief_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o second_o mean_a to_o end_v controversy_n be_v by_o arbitrator_n choose_v and_o elect_v by_o both_o party_n to_o end_v their_o difference_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n to_o avoid_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o unto_o merchant_n be_v inconvenient_a 3_o the_o three_o mean_v be_v the_o authority_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n for_o the_o merchant_n court_n according_a to_o the_o privilege_n which_o prince_n have_v grant_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o custom_n whereof_o most_o judge_n be_v either_o ignorant_a or_o content_v to_o determine_v matter_n according_o 4_o the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_v to_o determine_v question_n and_o difference_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o several_a dominion_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o they_o wherein_o we_o be_v especial_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a for_o all_o nation_n do_v frame_n and_o direct_v their_o judgement_n thereafter_o give_v place_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o merchant_n custom_n which_o make_v proper_o their_o law_n now_o by_o i_o methodical_o describe_v in_o this_o book_n which_o allow_v to_o every_o man_n and_o nation_n his_o proper_a right_n and_o due_a and_o hure_v no_o man_n law_n three_o precept_n of_o all_o law_n according_a to_o the_o three_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o law_n set_v down_o by_o caius_n and_o after_o he_o by_o tribonianus_n namely_o honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la laedere_fw-la &_o ius_n suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la whereof_o the_o second_o tri_v and_o rule_v the_o two_o other_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o touch_v the_o first_o mean_v to_o determine_v seafaring_a cause_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o speak_v much_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o admiral_n at_o the_o sea_n admiral_n a_o admiral_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n magnus_n dux_n classis_fw-la and_o drungarius_n magnus_fw-la or_o admiratus_fw-la from_o amiras_n a_o word_n use_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o see_v or_o adelantado_n as_o go_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o ship_n also_o by_o the_o italian_n l'amiraglio_n or_o admiral_n in_o french_a because_o his_o call_n be_v know_v to_o all_o but_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o great_a admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o power_n over_o the_o life_n of_o man_n a_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n only_o proper_a to_o themselves_o court._n the_o admiral_n court._n in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_v civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n shall_v meddle_v therewith_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v his_o deputy_n judicial_o to_o decide_v they_o by_o the_o advocate_n and_o other_o assistant_n for_o the_o better_a and_o just_a proceed_n of_o the_o say_a court_n also_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n be_v veric_a necessary_a and_o herein_o it_o have_v be_v think_v convenient_a that_o all_o proctor_n or_o attorn'ey_n of_o that_o court_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n before_o they_o be_v hear_v etc._n advocate_n and_o proctor_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o shall_v do_v nothing_o malicious_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v their_o action_n to_o be_v unrighteous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n they_o be_v to_o tell_v it_o to_o their_o client_n and_o if_o the_o client_n will_v insist_v then_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n oath_n the_o proctor_n oath_n also_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v their_o client_n secret_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o last_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o propound_v delay_n nor_o be_v peremptory_a against_o their_o conscience_n and_o the_o like_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v of_o other_o officer_n at_o their_o admission_n the_o cause_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n do_v extend_v very_o far_o and_o many_o be_v otherwise_o decree_v or_o determine_v especial_o by_o the_o merchant_n court_n admiralty_n cause_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o admiralty_n and_o office_n of_o assurance_n whereas_o heretofore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v minister_v justice_n upon_o all_o complaint_n contract_n offence_n plea_n exchange_n assurance_n debt_n account_n charterparty_n covenant_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n concern_v lade_v and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n fraight_n hire_n money_n lend_v upon_o hazard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o seafaring_a business_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o writ_n and_o appeal_n from_o other_o judge_n letter_n of_o reprisal_n or_o mart_n to_o arrest_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n to_o inquire_v within_o and_o without_o liberty_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o all_o offence_n and_o trespass_n and_o namely_o first_o touch_v the_o revealer_n of_o the_o king_n and_o country_n their_o secret_n over_o sea_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n against_o pirate_n their_o assister_n or_o abettor_n outreader_n or_o receiver_n against_o fortefier_n of_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o harmer_n of_o friend_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o admiral_n arrest_n and_o attachment_n against_o good_n forbid_v and_o merchandise_n not_o custom_a and_o yet_o transport_v against_o the_o resister_n of_o the_o admiral_n officer_n in_o execute_v his_o precept_n against_o forestaller_n regrater_n and_o dearther_n of_o corn_n and_o victual_n etc._n etc._n final_o against_o transporter_n of_o traitor_n rebel_n manifest_a transgressor_n and_o fugitive_n from_o justice_n or_o caster_n of_o ballast_n sand_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n in_o harbour_n or_o channel_n extortioner_n by_o ship_n and_o boat-wrights_a for_o take_v away_o the_o boigh_n from_o the_o anchor_n cutter_n of_o cable_n or_o towe_n false_a weight_n and_o measure_n by_o sea_n shedder_n of_o other_o man_n blood_n on_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o port_n or_o lame_v by_o misdemeanour_n customer_n and_o water-bailifes_a take_n more_o custom_n or_o anchorage_n than_o they_o ought_v for_o absent_v from_o muster_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o all_o transgression_n commit_v by_o seaman_n ferry-man_n watermen_n fisher_n pilot_n shipwrights_a press_a man_n contain_v the_o admiral_n authority_n and_o to_o amerce_v they_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n the_o good_n of_o pirate_n felon_n capital_a offender_n their_o receiver_n assister_n attaint_v convict_v condemn_v and_o outlaw_v waif_n and_o stray_v good_n wreck_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o cast_v good_n deodando_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o boat_n or_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v sea_n beacon_n to_o give_v light_n on_o the_o sea_n share_n lawful_a prize_n or_o good_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o lagon_n floatson_n and_o jetson_n before_o declare_v with_o the_o anchorage_n beaconage_n swine_n sturgeon_n and_o whale_n cast_v on_o shore_n &_o all_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a greatness_n call_v regal_a of_o all_o these_o the_o admiral_n have_v authority_n to_o deal_v correct_v and_o punish_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n and_o the_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o same_o by_o statute_n enact_v and_o all_o other_o law_n and_o mean_n before_o declare_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o admiral_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o skilful_a and_o honest_a and_o be_v to_o have_v diverse_a register_n for_o congee_n safeconduct_n passport_n sea-briefe_n without_o which_o no_o ship_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v to_o pass_v clerk_n the_o register_n of_o the_o clerk_n nor_o yet_o in_o far_a voyage_n in_o time_n of_o
peace_n another_o register_n for_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o captain_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o their_o return_n a_o three_o register_n for_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n passenger_n and_o owner_n which_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o deliver_v up_o to_o have_v they_o enrol_v and_o all_o pilot_n name_n although_o record_v in_o the_o office_n call_v the_o trinity_n house_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v down_o and_o know_v to_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n also_o all_o money_n deliver_v upon_o hazard_n or_o bottomarie_a as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la or_o pecunia_fw-la traiectitia_fw-la now_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n proceed_v the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a or_o the_o custom_n write_v and_o if_o the_o debate_n or_o cause_n can_v be_v determine_v thereby_o the_o last_o refuge_n be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o skilful_a and_o upright_a man_n in_o their_o own_o trade_n but_o all_o this_o must_v be_v do_v as_o the_o law_n say_v velo_n levato_fw-la so_o brief_o and_o summary_o without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o other_o ordinary_a court_n and_o judgement_n only_o look_v to_o god_n and_o the_o truth_n and_o all_o complaint_n to_o be_v end_v instant_o especial_o of_o shipwreck_n for_o it_o be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v so_o miserable_a person_n with_o tedious_a proceed_n whereupon_o in_o this_o case_n the_o judge_n may_v proceed_v to_o execution_n upon_o every_o interlocutorie_a and_o make_v restitution_n present_o upon_o good_a caution_n to_o be_v give_v to_o satisfy_v the_o appellation_n if_o any_o be_v make_v and_o herein_o there_o be_v a_o further_a privilege_n to_o they_o for_o whereas_o by_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n where_o no_o litiscontestation_n be_v past_a or_o as_o we_o say_v bill_n and_o answer_v depend_v no_o witness_n shall_v be_v receive_v nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la eternam_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la privilege_n extraordinary_a privilege_n ac_fw-la adversario_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la citato_fw-la yet_o in_o shipwreck_n as_o a_o case_n to_o be_v commiserate_v any_o of_o the_o ship-broken-man_n may_v come_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o part_n where_o the_o wreck_n happen_v and_o by_o witness_n bring_v with_o he_o may_v make_v proof_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a privilege_n even_o so_o may_v merchant_n ordinary_o and_o master_n sail_v together_o bear_v witness_v each_o one_o to_o other_o of_o their_o society_n within_o the_o ship_n if_o they_o have_v neither_o to_o lose_v or_o gain_v thereby_o and_o especial_o mariner_n for_o or_o against_o the_o master_n when_o the_o voyage_n be_v end_v privilege_n ordinary_a privilege_n and_o they_o free_a of_o his_o commandment_n for_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o doctor_n when_o truth_n can_v be_v otherwise_o try_v then_o unable_a person_n may_v be_v hear_v and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o trade_n be_v not_o interrupt_v by_o vexation_n of_o quarrelsome_a person_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o not_o only_o the_o common_a caution_n judicio_fw-la sisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la be_v keep_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o also_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr expensis_fw-la soluendis_fw-la if_o he_o fail_v in_o proof_n likewise_o if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n after_o three_o citation_n or_o four_o at_o the_o most_o call_v quatuor_fw-la defaltae_fw-la he_o be_v take_v for_o contemptuous_a the_o judge_n may_v ordain_v the_o marshal_n or_o officer_n to_o put_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o possession_n by_o his_o sentence_n or_o primum_fw-la decretum_fw-la provide_v that_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v within_o the_o year_n and_o pay_v the_o cost_n and_o expense_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o hear_v upon_o the_o propriety_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o any_o attachment_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n it_o shall_v upon_o caution_n give_v summary_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v for_o this_o law_n of_o admiralty_n intend_v nothing_o but_o expedition_n for_o the_o better_a advancement_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xv._o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v the_o second_o mean_v or_o rather_o ordinary_a course_n to_o end_v the_o question_n and_o controversy_n arise_v between_o merchant_n be_v by_o way_n of_o arbitrement_n when_o both_o party_n doâ—_n make_v choice_n of_o honest_a man_n to_o end_v their_o cause_n which_o be_v voluntary_a and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n and_o therefore_o call_v arbitrium_fw-la or_o free_a will_n whence_o the_o name_n arbitrator_n be_v derive_v and_o these_o man_n by_o some_o call_v good_a man_n give_v their_o judgement_n by_o award_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n observe_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o partiality_n or_o affection_n more_o nor_o less_o to_o the_o one_o than_o to_o the_o other_o have_v only_a care_n that_o right_o may_v take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n and_o that_o the_o difference_n may_v be_v end_v with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n insomuch_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v call_v a_o arbitrator_n who_o to_o please_v his_o friend_n make_v delay_n and_o propagate_v their_o difference_n but_o he_o be_v rather_o a_o disturber_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o justice_n and_o truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o manner_n to_o elect_v arbitrator_n arbitrator_n the_o manner_n to_o choose_v arbitrator_n be_v worthy_a the_o observation_n some_o be_v content_v to_o name_v four_o or_o six_o person_n on_o either_o side_n in_o writing_n and_o refer_v the_o name_n or_o elect_v of_o four_o out_o of_o they_o by_o reciprocal_a proceed_n when_o one_o name_v the_o first_o person_n another_o the_o second_o and_o then_o again_o the_o three_o and_o the_o other_o the_o four_o person_n other_o put_v several_a name_n in_o a_o paper_n be_v content_v that_o a_o mere_a stranger_n shall_v upon_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o paper_n prick_v their_o name_n with_o a_o pin_n or_o that_o as_o they_o be_v number_v the_o dice_n shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o they_o according_o by_o the_o number_n other_o put_v their_o name_n in_o several_a paper_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v mingle_v and_o draw_v by_o way_n of_o lot_n by_o a_o indifferent_a person_n which_o course_n may_v be_v think_v allowable_a as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o divide_n of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n other_o will_v do_v the_o same_o by_o nomination_n of_o they_o and_o draw_v of_o the_o long_a or_o short_a straw_n or_o by_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a mean_n of_o point_v number_v or_o describe_v all_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n to_o have_v indifferency_n and_o that_o partiality_n may_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o mean_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v also_o whether_o two_o three_o or_o all_o four_o shall_v have_v authority_n to_o determine_v the_o cause_n seal_n award_v be_v to_o be_v give_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_n if_o they_o can_v to_o be_v do_v within_o a_o limit_v time_n wherein_o their_o award_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v name_v a_o umpire_n or_o not_o all_o which_o must_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n unless_o the_o question_n be_v only_o upon_o one_o point_n to_o be_v determine_v wherein_o no_o bond_n be_v needful_a but_o by_o way_n of_o assumpsit_fw-la by_o deliver_v a_o piece_n of_o coin_n each_o to_o other_o and_o thereby_o bind_v themselves_o reciprocal_o upon_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n it_o be_v end_v and_o the_o say_a penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n by_o assumpsit_fw-la may_v be_v recover_v by_o law_n and_o the_o merchant_n court_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forfeiture_n upon_o bond_n if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o perform_v the_o sentence_n or_o award_n if_o the_o award_n be_v lawful_o make_v award_v five_o point_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o award_v to_o which_o end_n arbitrator_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o five_o point_n follow_v which_o by_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a all_o award_v 1_o that_o the_o award_n be_v give_v up_o in_o write_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n make_v between_o the_o party_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v limit_v or_o appoint_v by_o the_o award_n some_o reciprocal_a act_n to_o be_v do_v by_o each_o party_n to_o other_o which_o the_o law_n require_v to_o be_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quâ—_n albeit_o never_o so_o small_a 3_o that_o they_o make_v a_o final_a end_n and_o do_v determine_v upon_o all_o the_o point_n or_o difference_n produce_v before_o they_o by_o specification_n or_o otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v require_v so_o to_o do_v and_o authorize_v thereunto_o 4_o that_o they_o do_v not_o award_v any_o of_o the_o party_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v any_o unlawful_a act_n or_o thing_n prohibit_v and_o
against_o the_o law_n 5_o that_o they_o do_v not_o award_v any_o thing_n whereby_o any_o matter_n already_o determine_v by_o decree_n in_o chancery_n or_o judgement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o any_o sentence_n judicial_o give_v in_o the_o cause_n be_v infringe_v or_o meddle_v withal_o these_o point_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o reason_n follow_v for_o touch_v the_o first_o if_o the_o award_n be_v not_o deliver_v up_o in_o write_v under_o the_o arbitrator_n hand_n and_o seal_n if_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o bond_n do_v so_o limit_v the_o same_o then_o have_v they_o no_o authority_n to_o do_v the_o same_o after_o the_o time_n which_o be_v limit_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n for_o the_o second_o point_n reason_n require_v in_o all_o humane_a action_n a_o reciprocal_a act_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o by_o deed_n of_o performance_n call_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la quo_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la although_o it_o be_v a_o man_n sallarie_n for_o his_o pain_n which_o in_o some_o case_n cause_v man_n to_o award_v that_o each_o party_n shall_v pay_v so_o much_o to_o the_o scrivener_n or_o notary_n for_o write_v the_o say_a award_n but_o this_o be_v no_o collateral_a act_n between_o the_o party_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o matter_n compromit_v to_o the_o arbitrator_n it_o be_v therefore_o better_a to_o express_v and_o award_n that_o each_o party_n shall_v seal_v and_o deliver_v either_o general_a acquittance_n each_o to_o other_o or_o with_o some_o exception_n therein_o as_o the_o award_n will_v lead_v they_o the_o three_o point_n be_v considerable_a where_o the_o difference_n be_v by_o both_o party_n or_o either_o of_o they_o deliver_v in_o article_n in_o write_v to_o the_o arbitrator_n for_o herein_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o the_o say_a arbitrator_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o determine_v all_o question_n difference_n doubt_n controversy_n matter_n of_o account_n reckon_n or_o any_o other_o usual_a or_o general_a word_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n until_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bond_n but_o they_o must_v give_v their_o award_n upon_o every_o particular_a article_n and_o upon_o all_o of_o they_o the_o four_o point_n that_o the_o arbitrator_n do_v not_o award_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v unlawful_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v evil_a in_o themselves_o call_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o of_o thing_n call_v evil_a because_o they_o be_v upon_o some_o respect_n and_o consideration_n prohibit_v and_o therefore_o term_v malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la as_o the_o wear_n of_o hat_n at_o all_o time_n transportation_n of_o corn_n eat_v of_o flesh_n in_o lent_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o there_o be_v a_o further_a consideration_n which_o require_v a_o distinction_n as_o for_o example_n a_o arbitrator_n or_o many_o arbitrator_n do_v award_n law_n a_o notable_a good_a distinction_n in_o law_n that_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v pay_v unto_o such_o a_o man_n during_o all_o the_o time_n he_o be_v unmarried_a be_v good_a in_o law_n but_o to_o bind_v the_o party_n by_o award_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v because_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o money_n still_o be_v unlawful_a and_o void_a by_o the_o law_n the_o five_o point_n be_v of_o very_o great_a consequence_n to_o bind_v the_o action_n of_o man_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n whereunto_o such_o reverence_n be_v due_a that_o decree_n judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o judicial_a court_n of_o record_n be_v always_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n than_o arbitrator_n award_v nevertheless_o in_o many_o doubtful_a question_n the_o civilians_n themselves_o after_o long_o and_o curious_a debate_n do_v assign_v they_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o arbitrator_n have_v skill_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n which_o always_o do_v intend_v expedition_n and_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n wherefore_o a_o umpire_n choose_v upon_o arbitrable_a matter_n authority_n a_o umpire_n have_v absolute_a authority_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n to_o himself_o give_v to_o end_v the_o matter_n alone_o without_o hear_v the_o arbitrator_n if_o he_o will_v for_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o without_o some_o danger_n and_o that_o the_o end_n of_o arbitrator_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v yet_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n of_o justice_n in_o merchant_n affair_n be_v so_o much_o regard_v that_o by_o all_o mean_v the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v further_v hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o merchant_n court_n govern_v by_o prior_n and_o consul_n whereof_o we_o entreat_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n have_v authority_n to_o reform_v or_o confirm_v the_o sentence_n of_o arbitrator_n consul_n arbitrator_n award_v subject_a to_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n when_o merchant_n will_v appeal_v their_o arbitrement_n before_o they_o rather_o than_o to_o go_v to_o law_n and_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o say_a arbitrator_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n before_o the_o arbitrement_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o party_n that_o do_v appeal_v conditional_o that_o restitution_n shall_v be_v make_v if_o there_o be_v cause_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o process_n and_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v to_o note_v that_o no_o merchant_n nor_o other_o be_v of_o their_o jurisdiction_n can_v transport_v or_o make_v over_o their_o interest_n to_o any_o person_n privilege_v and_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o say_a jurisdiction_n be_v it_o by_o gift_n sale_n or_o exchange_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n to_o the_o end_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v their_o authority_n upon_o pain_n that_o the_o same_o transport_n or_o possessing_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o right_n and_o cause_n and_o all_o notary_n who_o shall_v receive_v any_o such_o transport_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n in_o a_o penalty_n arbitrable_a and_o further_o shall_v be_v condemn_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o adverse_a party_n all_o his_o cost_n and_o charge_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v by_o mean_n thereof_o merchant_n reference_n of_o cause_n to_o merchant_n and_o to_o the_o end_n this_o expedition_n may_v by_o all_o mean_n be_v further_v the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n may_v distribute_v and_o refer_v cause_n unto_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o expert_a merchant_n in_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n to_o make_v a_o true_a report_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o allegation_n and_o proof_n of_o the_o party_n without_o any_o sallarie_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o say_a merchant_n howbeit_o in_o italy_n some_o reward_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o ricorse_n of_o merchant_n these_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n council_n and_o attorney_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n in_o matter_n difficult_a the_o better_a to_o discern_v the_o right_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o make_v their_o report_n more_o complete_a for_o the_o soon_o end_v of_o it_o according_a to_o reason_n and_o right_n by_o the_o true_a affirmation_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o not_o by_o feign_a subtle_a and_o crafty_a writing_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v darken_v the_o truth_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o fair_a phrase_n declare_v in_o they_o cause_v protraction_n and_o delay_n arbitrator_n difference_n between_o ludge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o arbitrator_n marcus_n tullius_n cicero_n have_v true_o set_v down_o the_o difference_n which_o be_v between_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o arbitrator_n incline_v to_o the_o most_o easy_a and_o less_o chargeable_a course_n say_v the_o one_o be_v servile_a the_o other_o be_v noble_a the_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o other_o be_v not_o the_o one_o do_v consist_v in_o fact_n the_o other_o in_o justice_n the_o one_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o magistrate_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o law_n the_o one_o be_v write_v in_o the_o law_n the_o other_o be_v without_o the_o law_n the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o power_n and_o the_o other_o be_v without_o the_o power_n of_o magistrate_n howbeit_o it_o be_v not_o forbid_v but_o all_o justice_n of_o peace_n may_v compound_v difference_n and_o their_o authority_n do_v enable_v they_o better_o thereunto_o and_o in_o this_o regard_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o umpire_n do_v represent_v the_o lord_n chancellor_n authority_n because_o that_o the_o commissioner_n report_n of_o the_o master_n and_o other_o of_o the_o chancery_n or_o of_o merchant_n be_v the_o ground_n work_v whereupon_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v deliver_v his_o sentence_n and_o make_v up_o his_o decree_n and_o the_o say_a commissioner_n have_v a_o further_a authority_n and_o power_n than_o arbitrator_n arbitrator_n difference_n between_o commissioner_n and_o arbitrator_n for_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n upon_o oath_n upon_o
any_o thing_n in_o question_n where_o there_o want_v proof_n or_o they_o may_v minister_v the_o say_a oath_n to_o either_o party_n upon_o pregnant_a occasion_n to_o boult_v out_o the_o truth_n the_o like_a authority_n have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n and_o moreover_o their_o authority_n do_v far_o exceed_v the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n for_o as_o arbitrator_n have_v a_o determinate_a power_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o controversy_n in_o general_a term_n without_o declaration_n of_o particular_n so_o have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n power_n to_o do_v the_o like_a whereas_o commissioner_n be_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n and_o declaration_n of_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n final_o the_o arbitrator_n authority_n impli_v a_o voluntary_a command_n proceed_v from_o both_o party_n which_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o but_o the_o merchant_n court_n have_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n the_o three_o mean_a to_o end_n and_o determine_v merchant_n question_n and_o controversy_n happen_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o court_n of_o merchant_n call_v prior_n and_o consul_n or_o il_fw-fr consolato_fw-la as_o the_o italian_n have_v call_v the_o same_o and_o here_o we_o may_v say_v a_o merchant_n be_v in_o loco_fw-la propriâ—_n as_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o water_n where_o he_o understand_v himself_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v determine_v and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o yet_o as_o every_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v wise_a in_o his_o profession_n so_o may_v he_o be_v admit_v to_o understand_v they_o the_o rather_o when_o he_o shall_v true_o peruse_v and_o ponder_v the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n which_o in_o my_o love_n to_o merchant_n i_o have_v compile_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o civilians_n have_v consider_v of_o this_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n establish_v in_o many_o place_n of_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n power_n wherein_o prior_n and_o consul_n have_v no_o power_n have_v make_v diverse_a question_n of_o their_o authority_n say_v they_o can_v decree_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o son_n or_o the_o son_n for_o the_o father_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la or_o natural_o unjust_a or_o against_o the_o public_a good_a or_o that_o which_o savour_v of_o a_o monopoly_n neither_o may_v they_o forbid_v any_o man_n to_o go_v to_o law_n or_o order_n that_o a_o work_n begin_v by_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v end_v by_o another_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v or_o to_o determine_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o concern_v merchandise_v for_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o sell_n of_o house_n land_n and_o the_o like_a do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o they_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o matter_n criminal_a or_o offensive_a do_v not_o belong_v unto_o they_o to_o deal_v in_o for_o there_o the_o king_n attorney_n be_v a_o party_n and_o have_v interest_n therein_o as_o falsify_v of_o obligation_n and_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o other_o writing_n matter_n of_o reproach_n or_o discredit_v of_o person_n theft_n and_o other_o evil_a unlawful_a behaviour_n do_v and_o commit_v by_o their_o say_a servant_n or_o themselves_o or_o any_o other_o merchant_n factor_n or_o intermedler_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n as_o also_o all_o other_o not_o exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n either_o feign_v or_o otherwise_o unlawful_a nor_o with_o the_o will_n and_o testament_n or_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o any_o person_n or_o with_o the_o interchange_n of_o good_n by_o consent_n and_o all_o other_o such_o like_a contract_n but_o only_o in_o all_o civil_a cause_n of_o merchandise_v how_o be_v it_o these_o questionable_a matter_n be_v not_o of_o that_o moment_n to_o be_v discuss_v consider_v that_o their_o authority_n be_v declare_v and_o confine_v by_o the_o charter_n and_o privilege_n make_v unto_o they_o by_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n whereunto_o relation_n be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o according_o they_o be_v to_o proceed_v have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n hereupon_o benvenuto_n straccha_n the_o civilian_n make_v a_o treatise_n quomodo_fw-la procedendum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n to_o proceed_v in_o merchant_n affair_n wherein_o be_v many_o universal_a thing_n propound_v which_o be_v easy_a but_o particular_a thing_n be_v common_o more_o true_a by_o his_o own_o observation_n confirmation_n the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n and_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n or_o approbation_n the_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o observe_v the_o law-merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o punishment_n if_o they_o be_v perfidious_a or_o forswear_a as_o well_o as_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o write_v de_fw-la consulibus_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la he_o say_v that_o a_o merchant_n may_v call_v in_o question_n and_o begin_v his_o plea_n before_o they_o although_o it_o be_v against_o one_o that_o be_v no_o merchant_n if_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchandise_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n herein_o bind_v the_o defendant_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v he_o either_o a_o knight_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n or_o a_o stranger_n not_o resident_a in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n all_o banker_n shopkeeper_n in_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n for_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n or_o for_o merchandise_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o defendant_n do_v deal_v or_o negotiate_v be_v at_o his_o choice_n to_o begin_v or_o commence_v his_o suit_n where_o he_o will_v but_o not_o in_o two_o place_n at_o one_o time_n for_o one_o cause_n wherein_o sometime_o the_o penalty_n be_v by_o he_o respect_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o here_o let_v we_o remember_v the_o controversy_n between_o two_o brother_n which_o be_v above_o fortie-yeare_n since_o call_v joan_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n and_o jaques_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n who_o go_v to_o law_n in_o brabant_n for_o many_o thousand_o pound_n and_o afterward_o one_o of_o they_o do_v commence_v suit_n in_o flanders_n be_v another_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o 4000_o will_v jurisdiction_n a_o forfeiture_n for_o a_o jurisdiction_n for_o in_o truth_n good_a order_n and_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v as_o law_n and_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v that_o may_v infringe_v the_o law_n of_o merchant_n the_o proceed_n before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v by_o libel_n or_o petition_n or_o by_o declaration_n wherein_o let_v we_o note_v the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o the_o say_a civilians_n declaration_n difference_n between_o a_o petition_n and_o a_o declaration_n the_o libel_n or_o declaration_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o all_o the_o form_n use_v in_o law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n but_o in_o a_o petition_n the_o form_n be_v not_o needful_a so_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o express_v especial_o the_o sum_n which_o be_v demand_v or_o the_o good_n be_v lend_v or_o unjust_o detain_v must_v be_v specify_v and_o if_o it_o be_v for_o money_n owe_v for_o merchandise_n or_o lend_v it_o must_v be_v declare_v otherwise_o the_o consul_n will_v reject_v the_o petition_n as_o impertinent_a albeit_o some_o trivial_a error_n in_o petition_n be_v to_o be_v tolerate_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n law_n relieve_v they_o be_v to_o proceed_v summary_o in_o all_o their_o action_n proceed_v summarie_n proceed_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o they_o be_v to_o respect_v plain_a and_o sincere_a deal_n among_o merchant_n with_o a_o consideration_n to_o construe_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o that_o trust_n may_v be_v preserve_v among_o they_o debar_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o exception_n of_o prescription_n excussion_n and_o of_o promise_n make_v without_o consideration_n quod_fw-la nudo_fw-la pacto_fw-la promisisti_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o so_o much_o that_o many_o time_n a_o woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o procuratrix_n contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n law_n a_o custom_n contrary_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o all_o other_o exception_n upon_o plain_a bill_n and_o obligation_n be_v set_v a_o part_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v hunt_v after_o and_o all_o exception_n proceed_v of_o justice_n and_o equity_n to_o
principle_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n or_o reason_n be_v many_o more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v of_o man_n and_o give_v by_o the_o absolute_a discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o concern_v the_o prudence_n of_o the_o law_n which_o hold_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n law_n a_o maxim_n in_o law_n than_o a_o inconvenience_n attribute_v the_o word_n mischief_n unto_o one_o or_o some_o few_o man_n and_o the_o word_n inconvenience_n to_o all_o person_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o general_n and_o here_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n consider_v we_o that_o ars_fw-la est_fw-la causarum_fw-la consideratio_fw-la art_n definition_n of_o art_n ex_fw-la finibus_fw-la assumptis_fw-la art_n be_v the_o consideration_n of_o cause_n from_o certain_a end_n propound_v according_a to_o which_o definition_n a_o orderly_a consideration_n must_v be_v take_v of_o the_o cause_n which_o can_v be_v without_o art_n for_o art_n make_v nothing_o but_o of_o thing_n already_o make_v put_v a_o dictinct_a determination_n which_o be_v do_v with_o a_o reform_a reason_n proper_o call_v logic_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o all_o science_n so_o be_v it_o also_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o law_n and_o although_o the_o law_n be_v now_o infinite_a in_o practice_n yet_o be_v the_o same_o finite_a in_o precept_n so_o that_o as_o in_o infinitis_fw-la omne_fw-la concurrunt_fw-la the_o law_n be_v finite_a in_o her_o principle_n may_v easy_o be_v compile_v or_o incorporate_v and_o experience_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o understand_v many_o principle_n well_o put_v together_o than_o to_o put_v many_o principle_n well_o together_o whereby_o a_o man_n may_v understand_v the_o law_n hear_v the_o same_o deliver_v by_o a_o lawyer_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o wiseman_n for_o we_o have_v our_o finite_a original_n or_o element_n act_n person_n thing_n and_o their_o adjunct_n and_o concern_v they_o finite_a reason_n of_o which_o we_o do_v compound_v case_n infinite_a yet_o be_v all_o those_o case_n decide_v according_a to_o the_o finite_a reason_n of_o the_o finite_a element_n so_o have_v the_o physician_n finite_a simples_n though_o he_o do_v make_v infinite_a compound_n yet_o be_v they_o all_o prove_v good_a or_o bad_a to_o that_o whereunto_o they_o be_v prepare_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o finite_a simples_n now_o by_o the_o element_n of_o the_o law_n law_n element_n of_o the_o law_n we_o must_v understand_v matter_n and_o form_n not_o as_o in_o thing_n natural_a and_o compound_v but_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v so_o in_o all_o case_n there_o be_v matter_n of_o law_n matter_n of_o fact_n or_o both_o and_o the_o twelve_o man_n or_o juror_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o try_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o they_o be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o law_n so_o that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v if_o both_o party_n do_v agree_v upon_o the_o fact_n and_o each_o do_v claim_v that_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o will_v still_o in_o that_o sort_n maintain_v their_o right_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o demurrer_n in_o law_n law_n demurrer_n in_o law_n which_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n so_o that_o if_o all_o case_n be_v reduce_v under_o these_o few_o title_n namely_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o right_a or_o title_n of_o land_n of_o debt_n of_o trespass_n of_o account_n of_o trover_n and_o of_o the_o case_n then_o may_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v bring_v naked_o before_o the_o jury_n distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o all_o case_n be_v either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a personal_a case_n criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a or_o criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a for_o life_n honour_n and_o good_n or_o land_n and_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a action_n the_o law_n be_v singular_a in_o her_o distinction_n which_o will_v diminish_v the_o practice_n thereupon_o whereas_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o fact_n be_v first_o examine_v by_o witness_n law_n original_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n indices_fw-la torment_n and_o the_o like_a probation_n to_o find_v the_o truth_n thereof_o and_o that_o do_v the_o advocat_n do_v dispute_v of_o the_o law_n to_o make_v of_o it_o what_o they_o can_v say_v exit_fw-la facto_fw-la ius_fw-la oritur_fw-la which_o be_v long_o and_o tedious_a the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n with_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la make_v the_o matter_n difficult_a many_o time_n when_o the_o jury_n conceive_v that_o this_o mean_v some_o matter_n of_o law_n when_o it_o be_v only_a matter_n of_o fact_n the_o juror_n therefore_o be_v principal_o to_o look_v whether_o the_o issue_n and_o evidence_n do_v concur_v which_o they_o ought_v to_o follow_v true_a it_o be_v there_o be_v sometime_o matter_n of_o law_n which_o alter_v the_o case_n when_o there_o must_v be_v prove_v a_o lawful_a consideration_n of_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la what_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la wherefore_o i_o have_v see_v some_o plea_n plain_o distinguish_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o jury_n may_v perceive_v the_o naked_a issue_n of_o the_o fact_n before_o they_o in_o question_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v sometime_o do_v by_o way_n of_o replication_n there_o be_v a_o maxim_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n or_o tenant_n in_o any_o action_n plead_v a_o plea_n that_o amount_v not_o to_o the_o general_a issue_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n issue_n the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o lack_v of_o answer_n the_o general_a issue_n in_o assize_n be_v that_o he_o that_o be_v name_v the_o disseisor_n have_v do_v no_o wrong_n nor_o no_o disseisin_n and_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o assize_n the_o general_a issue_n be_v that_o he_o disseise_v he_o not_o and_o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a and_o so_o every_o action_n have_v his_o general_a issue_n assign_v by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o party_n must_v of_o necessity_n either_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n or_o plead_v some_o plea_n in_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o this_o be_v do_v be_v because_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n m_o r._n fortescue_n say_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v more_o indifferent_a than_o the_o trial_n before_o a_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o two_o man_n among_o a_o number_n of_o man_n that_o may_v be_v of_o the_o party_n acquaintance_n so_o void_a of_o charity_n and_o conscience_n which_o for_o dread_n love_n or_o profit_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o gainsay_v all_o truth_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o the_o two_o witness_n against_o susanna_n according_a to_o which_o precedent_n the_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v asunder_o and_o not_o in_o the_o hear_n of_o one_o another_o as_o be_v now_o accustom_a and_o if_o their_o oath_n touch_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v record_v brief_o the_o evidence_n will_v be_v more_o certain_a for_o witness_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a upon_o which_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o jury_n depend_v if_o the_o action_n be_v local_a of_o land_n or_o house_n juror_n proceeding_n of_o juror_n the_o jury_n be_v empanel_v of_o man_n from_o as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o that_o county_n where_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n lie_v nevertheless_o the_o defendant_n may_v take_v exception_n against_o some_o of_o the_o juror_n albeit_o for_o little_a or_o no_o cause_n and_o then_o other_o be_v take_v in_o place_n for_o there_o be_v twenty_o before_o man_n warn_v but_o twelve_o be_v sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o action_n real_a where_o twenty_o four_o must_v be_v empanel_v and_o the_o oath_n give_v to_o juror_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v deal_v just_o and_o true_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o the_o witness_n be_v to_o speak_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n and_o so_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o proceed_n in_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v therefore_o if_o the_o juror_n fall_v out_o not_o to_o be_v full_a in_o number_n circumstantibus_fw-la decem_fw-la tales_n dâ—_n circumstantibus_fw-la than_o the_o sheriff_n may_v take_v decem_n tales_n de_fw-la
retail_n 14_o because_o the_o same_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o country_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fertility_n afford_v very_o convenient_a mean_n for_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n be_v gentle_a 15_o because_o man_n be_v to_o reduce_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o their_o cause_n upon_o one_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n whereby_o matter_n be_v determine_v with_o expedition_n 16_o for_o that_o it_o command_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v honest_a reasonable_a and_o possible_a in_o itself_o and_o all_o impossibility_n be_v exclude_v thereby_o 17_o for_o that_o thereof_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n in_o manner_n before_o declare_v see_v the_o same_o be_v finite_a in_o her_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o old_a maxim_n or_o principle_n whereunto_o every_o thing_n be_v reduce_v and_o explain_v as_o aforesaid_a all_o ambiguity_n and_o dark_a sentence_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o judge_n shall_v easy_o give_v a_o clear_a understanding_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o solon_n who_o make_v the_o arropagit_n of_o athens_n to_o be_v as_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n 18_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o one_o point_n peremptory_o or_o in_o certainty_n be_v brief_a and_o substantial_a because_o the_o witness_n which_o be_v produce_v before_o they_o by_o who_o evidence_n the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v make_v must_v be_v approve_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a 19_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o be_v according_o decide_v either_o by_o the_o jury_n upon_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n upon_o demurrer_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n 20_o for_o the_o indifferency_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o controversy_n and_o question_n between_o the_o native_a subject_n and_o alien_n for_o they_o may_v have_v their_o trial_n per_fw-la medietatem_fw-la linguae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v half_o the_o jury_n of_o stranger_n and_o the_o other_o half_n of_o english_a subject_n to_o avoid_v partiality_n 21_o for_o that_o the_o sergeant_n and_o councillor_n at_o the_o law_n be_v to_o give_v counsel_n and_o to_o help_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o prosecute_v law_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n which_o they_o do_v in_o forma_fw-la pauperis_fw-la by_o direction_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o common_a pleas._n 22_o final_o the_o common_a law_n be_v excellent_a for_o have_v few_o fault_n and_o imperfection_n than_o any_o other_o law_n be_v most_o sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o quietness_n thus_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n have_v like_o a_o queen_n a_o predominant_a power_n from_z whence_o proceed_v mutual_a love_n and_o sure_a amity_n from_o the_o prince_n to_o the_o subject_n and_o from_o the_o subject_n again_o due_a obedience_n to_o the_o prince_n in_o a_o most_o pleasant_a harmony_n and_o concord_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o law_n receive_v publish_v and_o record_v without_o any_o reason_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v lex_fw-la cum_fw-la prologo_fw-la wherewith_o seneca_n find_v fault_n when_o he_o say_v jubeat_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la suadeat_fw-la and_o as_o the_o law_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la ligare_fw-la to_o bind_v so_o be_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n bind_v to_o the_o head_n and_o may_v be_v make_v easy_a in_o practice_n for_o as_o the_o saâ—d_n seneca_n say_v nil_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la pertinax_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o diligens_fw-la cura_fw-la non_fw-la expugnat_fw-la of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n the_o law_n of_o 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purpose_n as_o by_o the_o grant_n appear_v this_o licence_n they_o in_o short_a time_n pervert_v to_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o staple_n whereby_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o realm_n great_o decline_v and_o the_o king_n custom_n decrease_v so_o that_o from_o 160_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a pay_v out_o of_o the_o staple_n the_o custom_n come_v short_a of_o 120_o thousand_o pound_n becket_n the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n these_o new_a merchant_n term_v themselves_o the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o direction_n under_o the_o great_a scale_n of_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o prohibit_v from_o do_v any_o act_n that_o may_v prejudice_n the_o staple_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o and_o then_o there_o be_v another_o great_a complaint_n in_o parliament_n 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