leave_v to_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la regiae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la who_o office_n do_v as_o the_o philosopher_n true_o say_v contain_v in_o it_o great_a virtue_n high_a understanding_n and_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o who_o high_a government_n as_o well_o our_o person_n as_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o defence_n thereof_o be_v apply_v to_o his_o grave_a foresight_n and_o true_o i_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o read_v on_o those_o law_n of_o sewer_n as_o mr._n marrow_n do_v in_o former_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o expound_v in_o his_o read_v the_o law_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n hope_v this_o work_n of_o i_o may_v prove_v as_o acceptable_a to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n as_o that_o of_o his_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n whereof_o being_n no_o less_o commodious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o peace_n be_v both_o general_a law_n of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v and_o myself_o be_v for_o many_o year_n past_o a_o commissioner_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n i_o find_v that_o these_o law_n be_v dark_a and_o intricate_a and_o come_v not_o usual_o within_o the_o reach_n and_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o see_v and_o study_v in_o the_o law_n and_o because_o i_o find_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o be_v wondrous_o necessary_a i_o do_v intend_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o enter_v serious_o into_o the_o exposition_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o see_v these_o law_n be_v in_o time_n most_o ancient_a in_o extent_n most_o large_a and_o for_o the_o use_n most_o necessary_a i_o have_v with_o your_o kind_a favour_n make_v choice_n of_o they_o to_o frame_v my_o read_n upon_o wherein_o if_o upon_o your_o perusal_n you_o find_v any_o escape_n or_o error_n which_o may_v soon_o fall_v from_o opinion_n haec_fw-la amice_fw-la corrige_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v bestow_v your_o like_n upon_o hiis_fw-la vtere_fw-la mecum_fw-la and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v my_o choice_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n and_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o deliver_v the_o cause_n which_o stir_v i_o up_o and_o the_o reason_n which_o confirm_v i_o to_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o break_v it_o up_o and_o i_o do_v divide_v it_o into_o these_o several_a branch_n or_o part_n first_o to_o make_v provision_n to_o resist_v the_o over_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o large_a marsh_n ground_n lie_v in_o the_o maritine_n country_n which_o common_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o soundness_n the_o great_a for_o compass_n and_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o sheep-walk_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o realm_n which_o take_v prejudice_n and_o loss_n only_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n second_o to_o provide_v also_o that_o the_o great_a fresh_a river_n and_o stream_n may_v have_v their_o passage_n make_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n be_v repair_v keep_v and_o maintain_v whereby_o the_o fair_a delightful_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o great_a abundance_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o river_n brook_n and_o stream_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o many_o time_n annoy_v they_o to_o the_o great_a and_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n which_o be_v owner_n and_o farmer_n thereof_o three_o whereas_o navigation_n both_o for_o the_o export_n of_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n and_o for_o the_o import_v of_o foreign_a merchandize_n be_v the_o chief_a enrich_n of_o this_o nation_n therefore_o port_n havens_n rivers_n and_o other_o navigable_a stream_n and_o their_o dependency_n be_v put_v within_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o law_n be_v ostia_n &_o janua_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o by_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o inland_a city_n borough_n and_o town_n be_v make_v partaker_n with_o ease_n and_o small_a cost_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n four_o likewise_o this_o law_n give_v redress_n and_o remedy_n for_o the_o remove_n of_o such_o let_n and_o impediment_n as_o be_v either_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n or_o stop_v whereby_o the_o abundant_a water_n can_v have_v their_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o five_o because_o in_o the_o surround_v ground_n there_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a use_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n passage_n and_o way_n therefore_o this_o statute_n have_v take_v order_n for_o they_o also_o whereby_o his_o majesty_n people_n may_v in_o those_o place_n for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o good_n have_v both_o salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la in_o these_o five_o part_n be_v all_o the_o whole_a material_n of_o this_o great_a and_o worthy_a law_n contain_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o say_a division_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n for_o the_o first_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n a._n lease_v to_o b._n a_o manor_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o year_n which_o have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o prescription_n in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o city_n there_o where_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v remainder_n to_o c._n in_o fee_n livery_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n at_o full_a sea_n within_o the_o view_n the_o sea_n than_o leave_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o shore_n divide_v in_o part_n from_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o navigable_a haven_n the_o lease_n expire_v c._n enter_v the_o prince_n eject_v he_o and_o the_o king_n seize_v this_o relinquish_v ground_n my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o that_o it_o be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o by_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o livery_n of_o land_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n or_o not_o second_o whether_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v or_o take_v by_o attorney_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n or_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o who_o must_v join_v in_o make_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o take_v the_o livery_n all_o which_o point_n i_o must_v maintain_v affirmative_o else_o c._n the_o subject_n can_v have_v any_o land_n at_o all_o point_n on_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v there_o and_o what_o interest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v therein_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o say_a word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la second_o who_o these_o new_a island_n be_v which_o arise_v there_o and_o wherhe_a they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o law_n govern_v the_o same_o for_o that_o it_o appear_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n be_v a_o island_n three_o whether_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o ground_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o say_a prescription_n or_o the_o prince_n as_o participate_v of_o both_o or_o whether_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o conclusion_n four_o whether_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o five_o what_o a_o haven_n a_o shore_n and_o the_o coast_n be_v in_o definition_n and_o the_o several_a property_n thereof_o the_o reader_n argument_n and_o as_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o point_n livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a approve_a ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v use_v for_o convey_v of_o land_n and_o the_o law_n have_v a_o more_o respect_n thereto_o then_o to_o any_o other_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a form_n of_o any_o by_o the_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o all_o subject_n may_v give_v and_o take_v land_n by_o this_o ceremony_n but_o the_o king_n only_o be_v except_v who_o prerogative_n be_v such_o that_o as_o land_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n so_o land_n can_v be_v give_v
construction_n be_v not_o so_o much_o ground_v upon_o the_o letter_n as_o upon_o the_o sense_n may_v in_o equal_a justice_n extend_v the_o sense_n to_o new_a make_n as_o well_o as_o to_o renew_v of_o defence_n for_o mr._n bract._n bracton_n bracton_n li._n 1._o cap._n 3._o define_v equity_n to_o be_v rerum_fw-la convenientia_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o paribus_fw-la causis_fw-la paria_fw-la desider_v at_o jura_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la bene_fw-la coequiper_n at_o &_o dicitur_fw-la equitas_fw-la quasi_fw-la equalitas_fw-la and_o if_o the_o grave_n and_o learned_a judge_n have_v in_o private_a affair_n introduce_v this_o equity_n to_o direct_v enlarge_v or_o diminish_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o construction_n as_o by_o many_o precedent_n we_o find_v in_o mr._n blow_n com._n in_o hill_n and_o grange_n case_n fol._n 178._o and_o in_o many_o other_o authority_n à _fw-la forciori_fw-la shall_v this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v expound_v case_n hill_n &_o grange_n case_n with_o as_o much_o favourable_a equity_n as_o can_v be_v to_o enlarge_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o construction_n because_o it_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n et_fw-la qui_fw-la heret_fw-la in_o littera_fw-la heret_fw-la in_o corticè_fw-la and_o if_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v put_v into_o the_o frame_n have_v be_v demand_v whether_o their_o meaning_n be_v to_o have_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o new_a defence_n where_o either_o just_a occasion_n or_o necessity_n do_v enforce_v it_o they_o will_v have_v answer_v that_o they_o so_o intend_v it_o for_o the_o soul_n and_o life_n of_o the_o law_n lie_v in_o the_o sensible_a exposition_n thereof_o and_o not_o in_o the_o bare_a letter_n as_o mr._n blow_n also_o full_o demonstrate_v in_o his_o com._n in_o easton_n and_o stud_n case_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v former_o allege_v that_o the_o wariness_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v such_o in_o these_o case_n that_o it_o admit_v not_o one_o such_o new_a trench_n river_n or_o new_a cut_n to_o be_v make_v without_o the_o award_v out_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la dam_n '_o direct_v to_o the_o escheator_n a_o officer_n swear_v to_o inquire_v first_o what_o damage_n it_o may_v be_v if_o such_o a_o new_a cut_n or_o drain_v be_v make_v and_o then_o upon_o his_o inquisition_n return_v there_o may_v be_v one_o make_v if_o by_o the_o inquisition_n it_o be_v find_v convenient_a else_o not_o to_o be_v proceed_v further_o in_o but_o in_o answer_n thereto_o be_v the_o argument_n set_v down_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v more_o wary_a and_o circumspect_a proceed_n by_o this_o commission_n then_o in_o the_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damn_z '_o by_o the_o escheator_n for_o there_o be_v many_o commissioner_n which_o be_v all_o swear_v and_o in_o the_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damn_z '_o there_o be_v but_o one_o the_o escheator_n plus_fw-la vident_fw-la oculi_fw-la quam_fw-la oculus_fw-la &_o tutius_fw-la est_fw-la rem_fw-la '_o committere_fw-la pluribus_fw-la quam_fw-la uni_fw-la and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o commit_v this_o weighty_a business_n to_o many_o commissioner_n of_o great_a gravity_n experince_n learning_n wisdom_n and_o integrity_n then_o to_o one_o escheator_n who_o may_v perhaps_o want_v all_o those_o virtue_n and_o further_o whereas_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n it_o be_v infer_v or_o rather_o fear_v that_o by_o give_v this_o power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o may_v thereby_o stop_v up_o the_o haven_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o fear_n be_v needle_n for_o i_o find_v that_o neither_o by_o the_o letter_n nor_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o law_n any_o such_o exposition_n can_v be_v make_v either_o to_o the_o stop_v up_o or_o hinder_v of_o their_o current_n and_o passage_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o my_o former_a discourse_n in_o make_v new_a defence_n i_o know_v that_o in_o the_o 43_o and_o 44_o eliz._n a_o great_a controversy_n do_v arise_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n about_o the_o building_n and_o erect_v of_o two_o new_a goat_n at_o eliz._n 43_o &_o 44_o eliz._n skirbeck_n and_o langrate_a for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o south_n holland_n fen_n into_o boston_n haven_n which_o work_n sir_n edward_n dymock_n knight_n do_v further_o what_o he_o may_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o friend_n and_o it_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o country_n of_o kesteven_n and_o the_o very_a exception_n thereto_o take_v be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o new_a goat_n where_o never_o any_o stand_v there_o before_o and_o that_o case_v proceed_v so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o come_v in_o the_o end_n before_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n popham_n and_o anderson_n who_o both_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a goat_n if_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v profitable_a for_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o county_n may_v be_v erect_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o they_o then_o wish_v and_o advise_v that_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v be_v wary_a provident_a and_o circumspect_a to_o advise_v deliberate_o before_o hand_n that_o they_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o experience_a person_n in_o those_o affair_n the_o say_v new_a work_n shall_v in_o all_o appearance_n seem_v to_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o common_a weal_n if_o they_o be_v effect_v &_o that_o commissioner_n shall_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n make_v such_o device_n at_o the_o suit_n prosecution_n and_o request_n of_o private_a person_n for_o their_o private_a &_o peculiar_a good_a who_o many_o time_n seek_v their_o own_o end_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o a_o like_a great_a controversy_n do_v arise_v in_o 12_o jac._n in_o the_o county_n of_o cambridge_n huntingdon_n and_o northampton_n about_o the_o make_n of_o new_a cut_n and_o drain_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v much_o oppose_v the_o same_o come_v in_o the_o end_n to_o be_v hear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o council_n wherein_o this_o order_n be_v conceive_v as_o follow_v the_o king_n counsel_n order_n his_o majesty_n attorney-general_n have_v according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o this_o board_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o october_n last_o call_v unto_o he_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n and_o take_v information_n of_o such_o complaint_n as_o be_v first_o exhibit_v unto_o this_o board_n touch_v sundry_a suit_n and_o vexation_n move_v of_o late_a by_o certain_a obstinate_a and_o ill-disposed_a person_n against_o his_o majesty_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n huntingdon_n northampton_n and_o cambridge_n and_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v the_o order_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o the_o manifest_a destruction_n and_o inundation_n of_o many_o large_a level_n and_o part_n of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o have_v by_o their_o lordship_n like_o direction_n upon_o advise_v consideration_n weigh_v and_o compare_v the_o say_a late_a and_o undue_a proceed_n with_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n appear_v in_o divers_a notable_a record_n in_o the_o point_n now_o question_v with_o the_o continual_a and_o concurrent_a practice_n of_o ancient_a and_o late_a time_n and_o also_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lord_n popham_n late_o chief_a justice_n deliver_v in_o write_v very_o exact_o and_o full_o upon_o the_o say_a question_n touch_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o thereupon_o make_v report_n at_o large_a unto_o their_o lordship_n this_o day_n in_o full_a counsel_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o invention_n and_o disturbance_n consist_v upon_o four_o head_n wherein_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v question_v upon_o pretext_n and_o conceit_n of_o law_n first_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v not_o authority_n to_o cause_v new_a bank_n drain_v or_o sluice_n to_o be_v make_v where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o before_o second_o that_o they_o may_v not_o lay_v the_o tax_n or_o rate_v upon_o hundred_o town_n or_o inhabitant_n thereof_o in_o general_n but_o upon_o the_o first_o presentment_n or_o judgement_n to_o charge_v every_o man_n in_o particular_a according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o land_n or_o common_a three_o that_o they_o have_v not_o power_n sufficient_a to_o commit_v to_o prison_n person_n refractory_a and_o disobedient_a to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n and_o last_o that_o action_n of_o trespass_n false_a imprisonment_n and_o other_o process_n at_o the_o common_a law_n have_v be_v
bring_v against_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v their_o decree_n and_o warrant_n their_o lordship_n find_v in_o their_o wisdom_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o stand_v with_o law_n nor_o with_o common_a sense_n or_o reason_n that_o in_o a_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a consequent_a the_o law_n can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o providence_n as_o to_o restrain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n from_o make_v new_a work_n to_o restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o water_n aswell_o as_o to_o repair_v the_o old_a where_o necessity_n do_v require_v it_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o town_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_a that_o be_v interest_v in_o the_o benefit_n or_o loss_n without_o attend_v particular_a survey_n or_o admeasurement_n of_o acre_n when_o the_o service_n be_v to_o have_v speedy_a and_o sudden_a execution_n or_o that_o a_o commission_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o of_o so_o great_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o evident_a necessity_n and_o of_o so_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n both_o before_o the_o statute_n and_o since_o shall_v want_v mean_n of_o coercion_n for_o obedience_n to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n when_o as_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n live_v good_n and_o land_n do_v depend_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o direct_a frustrate_v and_o overthrow_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n of_o sewer_n if_o the_o commissioner_n their_o officer_n and_o minister_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o every_o suit_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o delinquent_n in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o to_o weary_a and_o discourage_v all_o man_n from_o do_v their_o duty_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o the_o supreme_a reason_n above_o all_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o salvation_n of_o the_o king_n land_n and_o people_n their_o lordship_n do_v order_n that_o the_o person_n former_o commit_v by_o this_o board_n for_o their_o contempt_n concern_v this_o cause_n shall_v stand_v commit_v until_o they_o release_v or_o sufficient_o discharge_v such_o action_n suit_n and_o demand_n as_o they_o have_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n or_o any_o the_o minister_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n save_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o any_o complaint_n or_o suit_n for_o any_o oppression_n or_o grievance_n before_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o this_o table_n if_o they_o receive_v not_o justice_n at_o the_o commissioner_n hand_n and_o their_o lordship_n further_a order_n that_o letter_n from_o the_o table_n shall_v be_v write_v to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o decree_n of_o like_a nature_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v needful_a require_v encourage_v and_o warrant_v they_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o several_a commission_n according_a unto_o former_a practice_n and_o usuage_v any_o late_a disturbance_n opposition_n or_o conceit_n of_o law_n whereupon_o the_o say_a disturbance_n have_v be_v ground_v notwithstanding_o with_o admonition_n nevertheless_o that_o care_n be_v take_v that_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n give_v by_o any_o abuse_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n examinat_fw-la '_o per_fw-la edmund_n cleric_n '_o consilii_fw-la present_v at_o this_o order_n make_v be_v 1._o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o person_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o l._n chancellor_n elsmeare_v 4._o l._n treasure_n earl_n of_o suffolk_n 5._o l._n steward_n d._n de_fw-fr lenox_n 6._o l._n admiral_n howard_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n 7._o l._n chamberlain_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n 8._o e._n of_o arundel_n howard_n 9_o viscount_n wallingford_n 10._o viscount_n fenton_n 11._o andrews_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 12._o lord_n wotton_n 13._o lord_n cary._n 14._o secretary_n winwood_n 15._o secretary_n lake_n 16._o sir_n foulk_n grevil_n chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n 17._o master_n of_o the_o roll_n cesar_n 18._o sir_n francis_n bacon_n attorney-general_n all_o of_o they_o of_o the_o privy-councel_n this_o order_n be_v in_o some_o point_v legal_a and_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o precedent_n of_o state_n and_o it_o thereby_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a work_n may_v be_v order_v and_o decree_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v warrant_n from_o former_a precedent_n but_o the_o last_o allegation_n on_o the_o contrary_a party_n be_v very_o forcible_a against_o this_o argument_n that_o by_o the_o make_n and_o erect_v of_o these_o new_a defence_n the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v whereon_o they_o be_v build_v yet_o as_o cato_n say_v vix_fw-la ulla_fw-la lex_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la utilis_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la majori_fw-la cato_n cato_n parti_fw-la proficiat_fw-la sufficit_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n i_o thus_o answer_v that_o these_o new_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n or_o for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v therein_o deep_o interest_v and_o engage_v and_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o commonweal_n be_v of_o great_a account_n in_o the_o law_n than_o the_o interest_n of_o private_a person_n and_o so_o it_o be_v 13_o h._n 8._o fol._n 16._o that_o the_o commonwealth_n 8._o 13._o h._n 8._o shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o private_a estate_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n a_o private_a person_n shall_v receive_v damage_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v eschew_v as_o a_o private_a man_n house_n shall_v be_v pull_v down_o if_o the_o next_o house_n thereto_o be_v on_o fire_n to_o save_v the_o town_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o a_o city_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o save_v the_o city_n and_o bulwark_n may_v be_v raise_v on_o private_a man_n ground_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o great_a enemy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o the_o sea_n who_o threaten_v with_o his_o merciless_a wave_n to_o swallow_v up_o all_o before_o it_o but_o that_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a have_v tie_v 27._o pro_fw-la ch_n 8._o ver_fw-la 27._o and_o bind_v he_o in_o the_o fetter_n of_o his_o eternal_a decree_n and_o give_v policy_n and_o mean_n to_o man_n to_o keep_v he_o from_o invade_v the_o land_n by_o artificial_a work_n proper_a for_o such_o service_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n by_o the_o very_a true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o by_o a_o just_a equal_a and_o reasonable_a construction_n it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a and_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o consideration_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n for_o erect_v and_o make_v of_o new_a bank_n new_a wall_n goat_n stream_n sluice_n and_o other_o necessary_a defence_n against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n for_o ubi_fw-la nova_fw-la fit_a maris_fw-la incursio_fw-la ibi_fw-la novum_fw-la est_fw-la apponendum_fw-la remedium_fw-la with_o this_o caution_n that_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o commonweal_n a_o private_a man_n welfare_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o the_o charge_n trouble_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o country_n and_o with_o this_o also_o that_o where_o any_o man_n particular_a interest_n and_o inheritance_n be_v prejudice_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n cause_n by_o any_o such_o new_a erect_a work_n that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v order_v to_o recompense_v the_o same_o which_o have_v good_a thereby_o according_a as_o be_v wise_o and_o discreet_o order_v by_o two_o several_a statute_n the_o one_o make_v in_o anno_fw-la 27_o eliz._n cap._n 22._o 22._o 27_o el._n c._n 22._o rastal_n havens_n and_o rivers_n be_v where_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o compound_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o new_a cut_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o other_o 3_o jac._n reg._n cap._n for_o bring_v the_o new_a stream_n jac._n 3_o jac._n to_o london_n and_o although_o these_o statute_n hold_v not_o in_o the_o general_a case_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o say_v particular_a matter_n therein_o express_v yet_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o good_a rule_n to_o direct_v our_o commissioner_n to_o imitate_v upon_o like_a occasion_n happen_v the_o second_o point_n upon_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v by_o my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v decree_v a_o new_a bank_n to_o be_v raise_v and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cast_v and_o a_o old_a sewer_n to_o be_v repair_v upon_o their_o view_n survey_v
that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n yet_o he_o be_v within_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o for_o divers_a reason_n one_o i_o find_v by_o experience_n and_o in_o divers_a precedent_n that_o many_o copyhold_n have_v be_v and_o be_v charge_v with_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o other_o defence_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o custom_n also_o if_o a_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o i.s._n and_o his_o heir_n by_o copy_n tenendum_fw-la by_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o bridge_n this_o bind_v this_o copyhold_n thereto_o in_o point_n of_o charge_n and_o last_o this_o statute_n bind_v such_o to_o the_o repair_v which_o may_v have_v good_a by_o the_o do_n or_o hurt_v by_o the_o neglect_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o by_o over_o flow_v or_o inundation_n a_o copy-holders_n land_n sustain_v equal_a damage_n with_o other_o land_n and_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o resolve_v that_o a_o copyhold_n be_v within_o these_o law_n and_o short_o touch_v copyhold_n i_o do_v confine_v they_o to_o these_o four_o head_n my_o four_o tenant_n concern_v copyhold_n first_o a_o copyhold_n be_v sessable_a towards_o these_o repair_n for_o his_o copyhold_n second_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o copyhold_n for_o although_o he_o may_v come_v to_o it_o by_o forfeiture_n commit_v yet_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a possibility_n and_o although_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o law_n of_o the_o freehold_a yet_o because_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n go_v with_o the_o copyholder_n this_o law_n therefore_o will_v not_o charge_v he_o for_o the_o soil_n three_o in_o respect_n the_o copyhold_n rend_v be_v a_o rent_n of_o assize_n and_o rent_n be_v within_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o because_o his_o rent_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n be_v lose_v therefore_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v assess_v for_o it_o if_o it_o be_v of_o value_n four_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyhold_n may_v not_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o yet_o copy-holders_n be_n within_o other_o part_n of_o this_o law_n now_o because_o it_o be_v a_o high_a point_n in_o this_o statute_n in_o what_o manner_n to_o rate_n tax_v and_o assess_v by_o the_o judicious_a power_n of_o these_o law_n and_o in_o regard_v my_o case_n touch_v all_o manner_n of_o sess_v and_o rate_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v impose_v by_o these_o law_n i_o will_v therefore_o spread_v it_o abroad_o and_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o treat_v of_o what_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o my_o case_n and_o what_o person_n to_o be_v assess_v and_o in_o what_o degree_n wherein_o first_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o one_o be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o his_o high_a and_o descend_a ground_n for_o so_o it_o appear_v register_n register_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o brudnel_n in_o the_o 12_o h._n 8._o fol._n 3._o where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o a_o man_n ground_n be_v surround_v with_o water_n he_o may_v make_v a_o trench_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n to_o let_v the_o water_n run_v downward_o and_o to_o descend_v upon_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n for_o water_n be_v a_o element_n descendable_a jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o also_o high_a descend_v ground_n can_v have_v no_o such_o use_n of_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o other_o ground_n situate_a lower_v may_v have_v for_o the_o water_n can_v have_v no_o force_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o owner_n be_v not_o chargeable_a therefore_o and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n be_v qui_fw-la defentionem_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v as_o wallias_n guttur_fw-la as_o pontes_fw-la calceta_n &_o gurgite_n habere_fw-la poterint_fw-la nullatènus_fw-la parcantur_fw-la and_o the_o charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n seem_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n viz._n quod_fw-la pro_fw-la securitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la marisci_fw-la districtiones_fw-la fiant_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aequè_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la portiones_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la quas_fw-la homines_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la marisco_fw-la but_o high_a ground_n by_o nature_n need_v not_o engine_n of_o art_n to_o defend_v they_o and_o in_o rook_n case_n in_o sir_n case_n rook_n case_n edward_n cook_n 5._o report_n and_o keighleys_n case_n it_o be_v true_o declare_v that_o the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v in_o apparent_a danger_n subject_n to_o surrounder_n be_v only_o chargeable_a to_o repair_v by_o this_o law_n but_o yet_o ground_n lie_v on_o high_a mountainous_a place_n may_v be_v by_o custom_n prescription_n or_o tenure_n liable_a and_o stand_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n goat_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o in_o such_o case_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o high_a yet_o these_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o they_o but_o no_o charge_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o by_o this_o statute_n and_o by_o force_n thereof_o only_o without_o a_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n to_o warrant_v the_o same_o annuity_n if_o a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a person_n or_o body_n politic_n be_v by_o prescription_n to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a annuity_n to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n s._n be_v not_o sessable_a for_o his_o annuity_n yet_o the_o say_v corporate_a or_o politic_a person_n pay_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o lie_v in_o danger_n of_o surround_v and_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o law_n but_o it_o issue_v not_o thereout_o and_o the_o say_v corporate_a and_o politic_a person_n be_v not_o charge_v in_o their_o land_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o commons_o those_o person_n which_o have_v common_a of_o pischary_n turbary_n or_o of_o pasture_n in_o great_a fen_n marsh_n and_o waste_v may_v be_v charge_v but_o commoner_n in_o agris_fw-la seminatis_fw-la after_o the_o corn_n sever_v as_o stock_n commons_o which_o be_v of_o a_o small_a value_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v for_o their_o commons_o but_o for_o their_o land_n ferry_n he_o which_o have_v a_o ferry_n over_o a_o river_n be_v in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o charge_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n and_o so_o for_o a_o ferry_n one_o may_v be_v charge_v by_o this_o law_n herbage_n he_o which_o have_v the_o vesture_n or_o herbage_n of_o ground_n as_o prima_fw-la tonsura_fw-la vel_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la may_v be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v free_a passage_n it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o those_o person_n which_o have_v passage_n for_o their_o boat_n on_o the_o river_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o those_o person_n which_o have_v free_a and_o customary_a passage_n thereon_o as_o a_o liberty_n and_o inheritance_n and_o be_v not_o mean_v nor_o intend_v of_o poor_a boatman_n which_o come_v thereon_o with_o their_o boat_n accidental_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n park_n warrens_n chase_n a_o man_n for_o his_o park_n of_o dear_a and_o warren_n of_o coney_n shall_v be_v charge_v if_o these_o liberty_n lie_v within_o the_o level_n but_o for_o chase_n i_o suppose_v one_o be_v not_o chargeable_a only_o for_o dear_a which_o be_v ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la not_z bind_v to_o certain_a precinct_n but_o in_o that_o case_n the_o owner_n be_v only_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n mart_n fair_a or_o market_n also_o if_o one_o have_v only_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o mart_n fair_a or_o market_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o they_o be_v but_o casual_a in_o their_o profit_n and_o not_o continual_a in_o their_o be_v although_o they_o be_v conscribe_v to_o place_n and_o circuit_n yet_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o soil_n nor_o of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o taxable_a within_o these_o law_n office_n the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n town_n clerk_n or_o such_o like_a although_o these_o officer_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o precinct_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v be_v notwithstanding_o exempt_a from_o these_o taxation_n proxy_n synod_n he_o which_o have_v proxy_n or_o synod_n of_o annual_a sum_n of_o money_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n be_v not_o sessable_a within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o person_n be_v charge_v therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o the_o same_o do_v not_o issue_n thereout_o the_o morgager_n for_o the_o title_n he_o have_v by_o the_o condition_n to_o reduce_v the_o land_n back_o again_o to_o he_o or_o he_o which_o have_v
what_o manner_n repeal_n of_o law_n what_o ground_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n how_o far_o the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n extend_v therein_o the_o reader_n conclusion_n of_o all_o his_o labour_n lectura_fw-la prima_fw-la my_o most_o worthy_a fellow_n and_o companion_n of_o this_o noble_a and_o renown_a society_n the_o hourglass_n of_o my_o puisne_n time_n be_v run_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o your_o reader_n place_n wherein_o i_o must_v hazard_v to_o your_o censure_n the_o fortune_n of_o my_o inability_n these_o twenty_o and_o six_o year_n complete_a i_o have_v have_v continuance_n here_o and_o in_o that_o time_n i_o have_v only_o take_v the_o measure_n and_o length_n of_o your_o hall_n and_o herein_o i_o acknowledge_v grayes-inn_n to_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o my_o best_a fortune_n and_o yourselves_o the_o best_a companion_n of_o my_o forepast_a and_o present_a life_n i_o make_v a_o question_n when_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n to_o read_v whether_o i_o shall_v turn_v therefrom_o or_o not_o be_v then_o trouble_v about_o two_o thing_n charge_v and_o care_n both_o which_o i_o put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n wherein_o i_o think_v charge_v weigh_v heavy_a and_o solid_a for_o ibi_fw-la ponebantur_fw-la solidi_fw-la care_v notwithstanding_o have_v his_o equal_a weight_n with_o the_o other_o and_o poise_v the_o scale_n even_o yet_o i_o consider_v the_o small_a substance_n i_o have_v get_v come_v by_o my_o profession_n i_o therefore_o take_v myself_o both_o in_o credit_n and_o conscience_n bind_v to_o undertake_v this_o burdensome_a place_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o house_n and_o with_o that_o i_o put_v charge_n and_o care_n in_o one_o scale_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o other_o which_o scale_v they_o both_o up_o twenty_o year_n likewise_o of_o my_o last_o past_a time_n i_o have_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o my_o profession_n spend_v but_o i_o hope_v little_o 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louse_n in_o the_o crown_n other_o belong_v to_o high_a nobility_n and_o some_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o homely_a commonalty_n the_o rest_n which_o shall_v remain_v i_o have_v cast_v under_o hatch_n for_o my_o last_o day_n mart_n when_o i_o mean_v to_o make_v chaffer_n on_o they_o all_o but_o though_o i_o seem_v to_o make_v these_o market_n of_o my_o legal_a merchandise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v to_o set_v such_o rate_n upon_o they_o as_o merchant_n use_v to_o do_v which_o be_v all_o for_o utile_fw-la dulce_fw-la for_o i_o only_o set_v one_o price_n upon_o all_o which_o be_v your_o kind_a acceptance_n marvel_v not_o i_o pray_v you_o at_o these_o my_o sealike_a salutation_n for_o this_o day_n i_o be_o become_v god_n neptune_n orator_n and_o i_o mean_v to_o display_v the_o power_n of_o his_o empire_n for_o my_o statute_n my_o case_n and_o my_o argument_n will_v all_o depend_v upon_o the_o element_n of_o water_n over_o which_o as_o poet_n feign_v neptune_n have_v chief_a predominance_n well_o now_o my_o ship_n be_v at_o shore_n and_o i_o have_v cast_v anchor_n there_o and_o to_o my_o great_a comfort_n i_o see_v many_o chapman_n attend_v the_o market_n and_o therefore_o now_o present_o i_o will_v unlock_v and_o set_v open_v the_o closet_n of_o my_o store_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o fair_a volume_n of_o the_o law_n and_o especial_o in_o that_o law_n make_v and_o enact_v in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o 23._o year_n of_o hen._n the_o 8._o chapt._n 5._o which_o be_v a_o general_a act_n concern_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o cause_n wherefore_o i_o make_v choice_n to_o read_v upon_o this_o law_n be_v five_o in_o number_n viz._n first_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n though_o this_o statute_n bear_v date_n but_o 23._o henry_n 8._o second_o for_o the_o largity_n and_o extent_n thereof_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o stile_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o there_o term_v a_o general_a act_n for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o for_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o which_o continual_a practice_n and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o four_o i_o have_v have_v a_o more_o desire_n to_o read_v upon_o these_o law_n because_o never_o any_o reader_n do_v heretofore_o undertake_v the_o same_o and_o upon_o perusal_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o upon_o due_a consideration_n take_v of_o other_o i_o think_v i_o can_v not_o make_v my_o choice_n of_o a_o more_o fit_v and_o more_o necessary_a law_n nor_o more_o profitable_a for_o my_o native_a country_n of_o lincolnshire_n and_o other_o maritine_n place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n than_o this_o be_v and_o five_o his_o majesty_n general_a care_n which_o these_o law_n require_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o his_o special_a care_n by_o the_o which_o his_o highness_n of_o late_o have_v take_v these_o law_n into_o his_o gracious_a and_o provident_a protection_n and_o upon_o due_a consideration_n take_v of_o all_o these_o case_n i_o resolve_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o exposition_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v perpetual_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 3._o edward_n 6._o cap._n 8._o and_o to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o three_o first_o cause_n i_o be_o of_o law_n antiquity_n of_o these_o law_n opinion_n for_o the_o reason_n and_o authority_n ensue_v that_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v and_o be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o have_v tell_v over_o as_o much_o time_n and_o as_o many_o year_n as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v do_v for_o as_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o cambden_n cambden_n britannia_n say_v quod_fw-la insula_fw-la britannia_fw-la avida_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la omni_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la se_fw-la projecit_fw-la therefore_o this_o realm_n adjoin_v on_o every_o side_n upon_o the_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v safe_a without_o those_o provident_a law_n make_v and_o use_v for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o and_o although_o it_o be_v say_v in_o scripture_n that_o almighty_a god_n judah_n in_o manasses_n prayer_n king_n of_o judah_n have_v bind_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o word_n of_o his_o commandment_n and_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o deep_a and_o seal_v it_o with_o his_o terrible_a and_o glorious_a name_n yet_o god_n who_o bestow_v wisdom_n on_o man_n it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n he_o shall_v provident_o use_v it_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n not_o give_v way_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v remiss_a or_o presumptuous_a in_o any_o thing_n which_o by_o his_o foresight_n or_o judgement_n may_v be_v prevent_v help_v and_o relieve_v it_o be_v true_a that_o at_o the_o flood_n cum_fw-la cateracta_fw-la coeli_fw-la fuerint_fw-la 7._o genesis_n cap._n 7._o operta_fw-la when_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v by_o god_n determinate_a will_v set_v open_a and_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v suum_fw-la excedere_fw-la modum_fw-la no_o power_n of_o man_n hand_n can_v stay_v the_o swallow_a and_o devour_a surge_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o water_n yet_o then_o notwithstanding_o have_v god_n appoint_v that_o his_o servant_n noah_n and_o his_o child_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o he_o appoint_v shall_v be_v preserve_v by_o the_o ark_n which_o be_v a_o work_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n therefore_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v appoint_v man_n to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o necessary_a defence_n and_o safety_n of_o himself_o and_o of_o his_o country_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n most_o of_o which_o have_v receive_v their_o primam_fw-la essentiam_fw-la from_o the_o divine_a law_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o have_v fetch_v their_o pedigree_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o principio_fw-la bene_fw-la so_o predominant_a in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o they_o have_v never_o be_v want_v at_o any_o time_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o register_n be_v so_o ancient_a a_o book_n as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n
in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n have_v there_o declare_v it_o to_o be_v than_o it_o may_v give_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o kind_n that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o these_o time_n of_o great_a iminency_n and_o authority_n for_o there_o i_o find_v two_o several_a writ_n or_o commission_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o one_o authorise_v certain_a person_n to_o survey_v the_o defence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n the_o other_o for_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o terminer_n register_n in_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n surround_v ground_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o rivers_n humber_n and_o auckholin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v set_v down_o verbatim_o in_o fitz._n nat_n breed_v foe_fw-mi 113._o yet_o the_o first_o statute_n which_o appear_v to_o we_o 113._o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 113._o in_o print_n wherein_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v set_v down_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 6._o henry_n 6._o chapt._n 5._o yet_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o say_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o rigister_n 5._o 6._o h._n 6._o cap._n 5._o and_o fitz._n na_o breed_v be_v in_o their_o form_n long_o before_o henry_n the_o 6._o time_n and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 6._o add_v some_o more_o power_n and_o strength_n thereto_o then_o be_v before_o have_v back_v they_o with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v something_o additional_a in_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v in_o power_n as_o by_o both_o the_o commission_n compare_v together_o be_v apparent_a i_o do_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o 38._o edw._n 3._o lib._n ass_n plac_fw-la 15._o that_o 15._o 38._o ed._n 3._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 15._o a_o commission_n be_v award_v to_o inquire_v of_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o these_o law_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o 10._o report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n of_o sewer_n may_v grant_v commission_n for_o the_o survey_v and_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v the_o book_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o his_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n have_v in_o report_v sir_n john_n davies_n report_v his_o first_o case_n set_v the_o first_o statute_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v in_o time_n the_o 9_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o first_o volumn_n of_o of_o statute_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o 3._o 9_o h._n 3._o law_n by_o all_o which_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o law_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o time_n as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o be_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o herein_o confirm_v for_o that_o in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v these_o word_n that_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la regiae_fw-la ad_fw-la providendum_fw-la salvationi_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la circumquaque_fw-la fuit_fw-la astrictus_fw-la wherein_o it_o be_v hereby_o make_v plain_a that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o tenure_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n be_v bind_v to_o see_v and_o foresee_v the_o safety_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o this_o law_n be_v a_o prerogative_n law_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o all_o prerogative_n be_v without_o limitation_n of_o time_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o all_o or_o any_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o be_v so_o improvident_a as_o to_o want_v these_o law_n without_o the_o which_o the_o realm_n can_v not_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o unmerciful_a enemy_n the_o sea_n wherein_o i_o do_v conclude_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o other_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o this_o statute_n show_v it_o viz_o a_o general_a act_n for_o grant_v commission_n of_o sewer_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o word_n of_o restraint_n other_o than_o these_o where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o although_o expounder_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o make_v the_o title_n their_o text_n either_o for_o the_o body_n or_o the_o bound_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v some_o direction_n in_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o but_o to_o make_v the_o title_n to_o be_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o material_a exposition_n of_o the_o law_n may_v lead_v the_o expositor_n many_o time_n into_o error_n for_o in_o stradling_n and_o morgan_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n the_o morgan_n stradling_n and_o morgan_n title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o true_a answer_v for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o body_n do_v extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o receiver_n of_o subject_n but_o there_o the_o judge_n and_o expounder_n of_o that_o law_n go_v with_o the_o title_n in_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 23._o eliz._n the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o politic_a eliz._n 23._o eliz._n constitution_n for_o the_o navy_n and_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o new_a fish_n day_n provide_v which_o no_o man_n will_v have_v look_v for_o under_o such_o a_o title_n and_o lucian_n a_o ancient_a greek_a poet_n compile_v a_o book_n and_o in_o the_o frontispiece_n thereof_o entitle_v the_o same_o a_o book_n of_o true_a report_n where_o look_v into_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n true_a therein_o so_o it_o appear_v though_o in_o act_n and_o book_n the_o title_n and_o style_n may_v give_v help_n in_o the_o exposition_n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o index_n or_o table_n to_o find_v out_o the_o matter_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o rely_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v or_o refuse_v as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v howsoever_o there_o be_v better_a concord_n betwixt_o the_o title_n and_o the_o body_n of_o my_o statute_n for_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o act_n perform_v as_o much_o as_o the_o title_n promise_v whereby_o the_o inland_a country_n of_o nottingham_n northampton_n huntingdon_n bedford_n and_o the_o like_a may_v have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o the_o maritine_n country_n of_o lincoln_n york_n cambridge_n norfolk_z suffolk_z kent_z sussex_n hampshire_n devon_n cornwall_n gloucester_n chester_n and_o lancashire_n if_o not_o in_o all_o yet_o in_o part_n as_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o second_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o although_o both_o the_o statute_n of_o 6._o hen._n 8._o and_o the_o register_n and_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n make_v all_o of_o they_o mention_n in_o those_o commission_n of_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o of_o no_o other_o county_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o judge_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o expositor_n do_v intend_v then_o and_o do_v extend_v they_o to_o all_o the_o part_n and_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o first_o original_a and_o the_o chief_a use_n of_o these_o law_n be_v in_o the_o say_v maritine_n country_n which_o stand_v in_o most_o need_v thereof_o and_o especial_o lincolnshire_n where_o be_v the_o huge_a great_a and_o vast_a fen_n and_o marsh_n but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v serve_v general_o for_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o have_v bound_v they_o so_o herein_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o it_o from_o the_o title_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n where_o the_o word_n be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o be_v that_o the_o king_n nothing_o earthly_a so_o high_o weigh_v as_o the_o advance_v the_o common_a profit_n wealth_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n be_v of_o all_o other_o think_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n when_o the_o king_n prefer_v the_o same_o before_o any_o earthly_a thing_n and_o the_o king_n care_v herein_o become_v his_o royal_a person_n very_o worthy_o because_o by_o this_o statute_n safety_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o realm_n and_o wealth_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o people_n thereof_o great_a and_o better_a fruit_n then_o which_o no_o humane_a law_n can_v produce_v and_o the_o chief_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n be_v most_o apt_o
can_v be_v impart_v to_o another_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o personal_a view_n can_v be_v lend_v to_o another_o or_o divide_v from_o the_o person_n no_o more_o can_v the_o personal_a touch_n or_o act_v of_o my_o hand_n be_v impart_v to_o another_o and_o yet_o express_v livery_n which_o be_v the_o deed_n and_o act_n of_o the_o hand_n may_v be_v do_v per_fw-la auter_n main_a sir_n francis_n englefields_n case_n in_o the_o seven_o report_n of_o sir_n case_n 7._o report_n englefields_n case_n edward_n cook_n give_v we_o a_o pretty_a difference_n where_o the_o act_n to_o be_v do_v be_v unseparable_o tie_v to_o one_o person_n and_o where_o not_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n where_o upon_o conveyance_n of_o divers_a manor_n to_o philip_n earl_n of_o arundel_n his_o son_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n may_v revoke_v the_o same_o upon_o signify_v of_o his_o mind_n under_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n in_o writing_n etc._n etc._n this_o power_n 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a_o express_a livery_n no_o more_o be_v my_o own_o eye_n express_o tie_v to_o this_o view_n and_o we_o see_v in_o view_n in_o a_o assize_n the_o under_o sheriff_n or_o dier_n 36._o h._n 8._o dier_n the_o sheriff_n bailiff_n by_o his_o direction_n may_v make_v the_o view_n and_o yet_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o do_v the_o same_o case_n morse_n &_o penningtons_n case_n and_o in_o those_o case_n a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v serve_v as_o if_o the_o juror_n know_v the_o land_n but_o such_o a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v not_o serve_v in_o a_o feoffment_n but_o there_o the_o view_n must_v be_v actual_a yet_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v direct_v to_o a._n b._n to_o make_v livery_n and_o seisin_n he_o can_v do_v the_o same_o within_o the_o view_n for_o therein_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v his_o warrant_n but_o if_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v special_a to_o give_v or_o take_v livery_n within_o the_o view_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n than_o the_o livery_n may_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n within_o the_o view_n as_o well_o as_o in_o comb_n case_v in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 9_o report_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o a_o surrender_n of_o a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n which_o be_v as_o personal_a as_o this_o be_v in_o the_o take_a part_n because_o fealty_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v some_o thing_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v further_o allege_v in_o this_o three_o point_n which_o i_o now_o have_v in_o hand_n that_o be_v who_o must_v make_v the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n on_o the_o feoffee_n part_n whether_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n or_o both_o of_o they_o for_o lessee_n for_o year_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o his_o estate_n have_v not_o any_o perfection_n thereby_o and_o he_o seem_v himself_o but_o a_o deputy_n and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o deputy_n can_v make_v a_o deputy_n but_o yet_o 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can_v not_o himself_o accept_v of_o the_o present_a livery_n neither_o can_v he_o meddle_v with_o the_o present_a possession_n which_o a_o livery_n and_o scisin_n yield_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n must_v join_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o they_o be_v both_o one_o party_n to_o the_o deed_n so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v to_o give_v life_n thereunto_o second_o they_o be_v but_o in_o law_n one_o tenant_n three_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o advoury_a and_o in_o many_o case_n the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v aid_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n for_o the_o privity_n between_o their_o estate_n and_o although_o the_o lessee_n get_v no_o estate_n by_o the_o livery_n yet_o he_o assist_v himself_o thereby_o with_o the_o aid_n and_o strength_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o the_o livery_n go_v through_o his_o estate_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o the_o remainder_n therefore_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n and_o hereby_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v convey_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o the_o manner_n to_o i._o s._n in_o the_o remainder_n to_o maintain_v my_o position_n for_o he_o in_o the_o end_n of_o my_o case_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o three_o common_a law_n point_n and_o now_o be_o come_v to_o the_o statute_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o sea_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n first_o touch_v our_o mare_n anglicum_fw-la in_o who_o the_o interest_n therein_o be_v and_o by_o what_o law_n the_o government_n thereof_o be_v be_v a_o fit_a question_n and_o worth_n the_o handle_n and_o in_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a by_o many_o proof_n and_o precident_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n that_o the_o king_n have_v therein_o these_o power_n and_o property_n videlicet_fw-la 1._o imperium_fw-la regale_n 2._o potestatem_fw-la legalem_fw-la 3._o proprietatem_fw-la tam_fw-la soli_fw-la quam_fw-la aquae_fw-la 4._o possessionem_fw-la &_o proficuum_fw-la tam_fw-la real_a quam_fw-la personale_fw-la and_o all_o these_o he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 6._o r._n 2._o fitz._n prot._n 46._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o 2._o 6._o r._n 2._o the_o legiance_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o prove_v that_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n have_v dominationem_fw-la &_o imperium_fw-la ut_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v these_o word_n charter_n admiral_n charter_n in_o it_o quod_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la maritimis_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la waviata_fw-la flotsan_fw-la jetsan_n &_o lagan_n ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la depordita_fw-la seu_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la casualia_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la vel_fw-la coster_fw-la as_o maris_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la aquas_fw-la dulces_fw-la portus_fw-la flumina_fw-la rivos_fw-la aut_fw-la alios_fw-la locos_fw-la superinundatos_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la inter_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ceu_fw-la aquae_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la à _fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la imprimis_fw-la this_o charter_n be_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o admiral_n thereby_o power_n in_o maritine_n cause_n which_o prove_v the_o king_n legal_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n on_o
chancery_n r._n 11._o h._n 8._o kelwayes_o r._n of_o england_n be_v avoid_v because_o as_o the_o say_a book_n do_v affirm_v man_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o these_o book_n that_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o avoid_v that_o office_n for_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a office_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n be_v void_a quia_fw-la in_o man_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currebat_fw-la and_o so_o in_o the_o county_n of_o palatine_a of_o chester_n breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la 161._o tamen_fw-la committatus_fw-la cestriae_fw-la est_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la be_v cambden_n cambden_n of_o opinion_n that_o man_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o therein_o he_o have_v these_o word_n that_o man_n be_v a_o island_n situate_a in_o the_o midway_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la utrique_fw-la terrarum_fw-la applicari_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debuerat_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la non_fw-la ambigebatur_fw-la demum_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la lie_fw-la ista_fw-la quievit_fw-la quoniam_fw-la advectos_fw-la perculi_fw-la causa_fw-la venemoso_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la vermis_n admisit_fw-la ergo_fw-la eam_fw-la britannis_fw-la applicandum_fw-la censura_fw-la communis_fw-la dictavit_fw-la by_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n or_o at_o the_o least_o a_o member_n thereof_o but_o i_o do_v take_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n original_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o england_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hampshire_n and_o be_v wight_n wight_n as_o it_o be_v divorce_v from_o the_o continent_n as_o be_v cecily_n from_o italy_n the_o one_o as_o poet_n feign_v be_v part_v from_o the_o continent_n or_o main_a land_n by_o a_o earthquake_n the_o other_o as_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n insula_fw-la vectis_fw-la inquit_fw-la cambdenus_n in_fw-la suis_fw-la insultis_fw-la britannicis_n fol._n 707._o est_fw-la pars_fw-la commitatus_fw-la 707._o cambden_n 707._o hamtoniae_fw-la &_o à _fw-la continente_fw-la britanniae_fw-la avulsa_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cohaesisse_fw-la uvidebatur_fw-la for_o many_o do_v imagine_v that_o it_o be_v tear_v from_o the_o main_a land_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n as_o of_o late_a year_n parcel_n of_o the_o spurnhead_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o before_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o continent_n be_v tear_v therefrom_o by_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v now_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o island_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o remain_v parcel_n of_o yorkshire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o the_o island_n call_v silly_a situate_a many_o other_o ancient_a island_n there_o be_v which_o be_v in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v parcel_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n but_o in_o our_o case_n a_o new_a island_n be_v rise_v up_o in_o the_o english_a sea_n to_o who_o the_o same_o in_o point_n of_o property_n and_o ownership_n insula_fw-la nova_fw-la insula_fw-la shall_v belong_v and_o what_o law_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o come_v now_o just_o to_o be_v dispute_v of_o justinian_n in_o his_o institutes_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la divisione_n say_v quod_fw-la insula_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr nata_fw-la justinian_n justinian_n ut_fw-la delos_n est_fw-la primi_fw-la occupantis_fw-la and_o britton_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a 86._o britton_n 86._o writer_n in_o his_o book_n titulo_fw-la purchase_n fol._n 86._o say_v that_o if_o a_o new_a island_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o sea_n datur_fw-la primo_fw-la occupanti_fw-la and_o agree_v full_o with_o justinian_n therein_o but_o say_v he_o if_o it_o be_v take_v or_o divorce_v from_o the_o continent_n than_o it_o continue_v to_o the_o former_a owner_n but_o clear_o our_o law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o either_o of_o those_o author_n in_o the_o point_n of_o ownership_n for_o if_o as_o i_o have_v former_o deliver_v it_o the_o sea_n in_o property_n possession_n and_o profit_n tam_fw-la in_o aqua_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o solo_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o i_o take_v the_o law_n clear_o to_o be_v than_o it_o follow_v as_o a_o consequent_a that_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o king_n when_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n be_v his_o also_o when_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v it_o for_o our_o law_n admit_v not_o any_o thing_n either_o real_a or_o personal_a to_o go_v primo_fw-la occupanti_fw-la but_o when_o a_o owner_n can_v be_v find_v the_o common_a law_n give_v it_o domino_fw-la regi_fw-la as_o waif_n stray_n wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n treasure_n find_v escheat_v land_n and_o such_o like_a so_o that_o my_o opinion_n be_v conceive_v in_o this_o that_o in_o point_n of_o 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nata_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la medeam_fw-la partem_fw-la teneat_fw-la communis_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la ab_fw-la utraque_fw-la parte_fw-la fluminis_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la latitudinis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fundi_fw-la que_fw-la latitudo_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la sit_fw-la que_fw-la si_fw-la alteri_fw-la parti_fw-la proximior_fw-la sit_fw-la eorum_fw-la est_fw-la tanta_fw-la qui_fw-la abea_fw-la parte_fw-la prope_fw-la ripam_fw-la praedia_fw-la possident_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la insula_fw-la in_o mari_n nata_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la raro_fw-la accidit_fw-la occupantis_fw-la fit_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la credas_fw-la proprium_fw-la alicujus_fw-la agrum_fw-la informam_fw-la insulae_fw-la redact_n insulam_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la ecce_fw-la flumen_fw-la dividatur_fw-la in_o superiori_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o circuit_n agrum_fw-la alicujus_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la infra_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la ejus_fw-la erit_fw-la agre_z cujus_fw-la prius_fw-la fuerat_fw-la cavendum_fw-la quoque_fw-la erit_fw-la in_o metienda_fw-la vicinitate_fw-la insularum_fw-la quia_fw-la potest_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la de_fw-la facili_fw-la decipi_fw-la ponatur_fw-la igitur_fw-la punctus_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la inter_fw-la utrumque_fw-la agrum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la hoc_fw-la si_fw-la insula_fw-la citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la sit_fw-la vel_fw-la huius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o vel_fw-la illius_fw-la tant_fw-fr '_o erit_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o citra_fw-la punctum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la ipso_fw-la puncto_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la tunc_fw-la proindiviso_fw-la communis_fw-la erit_fw-la ut_fw-la tantam_fw-la mihi_fw-la de_fw-la ipso_fw-la insula_fw-la cedat_fw-la qua_fw-la continentur_fw-la in_o medietate_fw-la puncti_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la agrum_fw-la meum_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la insula_fw-la rotunda_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la observetur_fw-la quod_fw-la omnè_fw-la quod_fw-la propinquiùs_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la cedat_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la vicino_fw-la cedat_fw-la quod_fw-la ei_fw-la vicinius_fw-la erit_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o say_v new_o spring_v up_o sea_n island_n or_o not_o be_v a_o question_n it_o appear_v in_o calvin_n case_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o tanistry_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n that_o if_o the_o king_n conquer_v a_o island_n or_o nation_n the_o same_o be_v no_o part_n of_o england_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o england_n there_o in_o force_n till_o the_o king_n shall_v so_o declare_v the_o same_o but_o the_o own_o proper_a law_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o force_n there_o but_o if_o the_o king_n conquer_v a_o nation_n from_o a_o infidel_n there_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n upon_o the_o conquest_n be_v extinct_a but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o another_o christian_a region_n as_o calais_n ireland_n calais_n guienne_n bulloign_n ireland_n guienne_n bulloign_n and_o the_o like_a and_o although_o ireland_n be_v under_o the_o obeisance_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o there_o in_o force_n till_o the_o king_n so_o declare_v the_o same_o and_o although_o wales_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 1._o be_v within_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o
run_v betwixt_o lincolnshire_n and_o yorkshire_n the_o point_n of_o either_o county_n may_v be_v see_v at_o once_o and_o seem_v to_o stand_v even_o over_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v to_o extend_v into_o the_o land_n so_o far_o as_o the_o flow_n and_o reflow_v go_v in_o the_o patent_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n i_o find_v this_o word_n creek_n use_v for_o there_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o he_o omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la &_o costeras_fw-la maris_fw-la but_o it_o differ_v much_o both_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o coast_n for_o a_o shore_n be_v sometime_o dry_a land_n and_o sometime_o water_n a_o coast_n be_v always_o dry_a land_n but_o the_o creek_n be_v always_o sea_n and_o new_a land_n in_o the_o statute_n 28_o h._n 8._o chap._n 15._o rastal_n trial_n a._n it_o be_v that_o all_o felony_n etc._n etc._n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n haven_n or_o creek_n where_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o such_o county_n which_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v by_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o creek_n be_v not_o all_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o same_o that_o a_o haven_n be_v by_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o 4_o h._n 8._o chap._n 20._o rastal_a ship_n 5._o appoint_v 20._o 4_o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o that_o all_o merchandizer_n enter_v in_o or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v charge_v and_o discharge_v in_o shore_n diversity_n between_o the_o shore_n great_a port_n and_o not_o in_o creek_n or_o small_a arrival_n by_o which_o coast_n a_o coast_n statute_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o a_o creek_n be_v not_o all_o one_o that_o a_o port_n be_v creek_n a_o creek_n but_o yet_o here_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o ship_n may_v have_v their_o arrival_n as_o at_o fosdyke_n stow_n wainflet_n and_o creek_n 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port_n town_n where_o special_a office_n &_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o touch_v merchant_n &_o merchandizer_n and_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 4._o direct_v that_o merchant_n shall_v be_v charge_v and_o discharge_v at_o great_a port_n be_v for_o that_o there_o be_v officer_n for_o the_o king_n depute_v to_o receive_v his_o highness_n custom_n and_o profit_n thereupon_o arise_v hereupon_o come_v that_o officer_n call_v portgreve_n holinshed_n holinshed_n which_o signify_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o port_n as_o mr._n cambden_n 6._o cro_n p._n 120._o 6._o note_v page_n 244._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o creek_n a_o haven_n 244._o cambden_n 244._o and_o a_o port_n be_v these_o diversity_n between_o a_o creek_n haven_n and_o port._n a_o creek_n be_v a_o corner_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o the_o land_n far_o than_o ordinary_a and_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n be_v but_o it_o be_v no_o usual_a or_o accustom_a place_n of_o arrival_n for_o ship_n and_o common_o it_o have_v neither_o safe_a harbour_n nor_o legal_a privilege_n a_o haven_n be_v proper_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o harbour_n for_o ship_n but_o may_v be_v without_o any_o privilege_n at_o all_o of_o which_o kind_n i_o know_v some_o and_o a_o port_n be_v not_o only_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n of_o the_o great_a burden_n but_o it_o be_v also_o always_o grace_v with_o legal_a privilege_n and_o this_o appear_v so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 9_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 9_o cap._n 9_o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la communitates_fw-la &_o barones_n dequinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la portus_fw-la habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la which_o prove_v my_o former_a definition_n of_o port_n to_o be_v true_a after_o all_o these_o difinition_n and_o distinction_n i_o have_v now_o prepare_v my_o case_n ready_a to_o receive_v his_o censure_n upon_o the_o last_o conclusion_n that_o be_v that_o all_o the_o say_a ground_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o ground_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n since_o the_o award_v of_o this_o commission_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o preamble_n of_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o ground_n heretofore_o win_v which_o word_n heretofore_o win_v seem_v to_o tie_v the_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o to_o ground_n leave_v or_o win_v before_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v win_v after_o like_v to_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n conditionalibus_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la dona_fw-la prius_fw-la facta_fw-la non_fw-la extenditur_fw-la which_o exclude_v out_o of_o that_o statute_n all_o gift_n make_v before_o and_o the_o word_n heretofore_o and_o hereafter_o be_v word_n of_o consequence_n in_o point_n of_o time_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o be_v speak_v they_o come_v with_o a_o emphasis_n as_o if_o they_o require_v express_v observance_n and_o so_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o cap._n 28._o of_o lease_n that_o statute_n be_v of_o all_o lease_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v by_o covenant_n in_o tail_n with_o such_o caution_n and_o proviso_n as_o be_v limit_v and_o set_v down_o in_o that_o statute_n shall_v be_v good_a lease_n former_o make_v though_o all_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v observe_v be_v notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a word_n hereafter_o out_o of_o the_o relief_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o so_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32._o h._n 8._o which_o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o all_o person_n have_v land_n or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v have_v may_v devise_v this_o do_v not_o make_v good_a any_o devise_n of_o land_n make_v before_o but_o if_o this_o shall_v pass_v for_o currant_n than_o i_o shall_v not_o perform_v my_o word_n in_o my_o conclusion_n which_o put_v it_o all_o within_o the_o statute_n and_o this_o exception_n if_o it_o be_v material_a will_v not_o put_v it_o only_o out_o of_o the_o commission_n but_o the_o statute_n also_o yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o the_o construction_n make_v of_o all_o the_o say_v former_a statute_n stand_v with_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a word_n heretofore_o and_o hereafter_o yet_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n the_o same_o be_v not_o material_a neither_o be_v the_o say_a word_n heretofore_o win_v to_o be_v precise_o observe_v because_o they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o not_o in_o the_o enact_v part_n of_o the_o law_n as_o in_o the_o say_v former_a statute_n they_o be_v and_o exposition_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o title_n and_o preamble_n which_o many_o time_n come_v short_a of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o law_n but_o to_o the_o body_n and_o enact_v part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n and_o substance_n and_o hereupon_o the_o statute_n of_o 21_o h._n 8._o cap._n 15._o of_o lease_n recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n thereof_o that_o whereas_o divers_a lease_n have_v aforetime_o be_v make_v for_o income_n and_o great_a fine_n and_o yet_o after_o the_o lessor_n do_v suffer_v recovery_n if_o at_o this_o day_n a_o lease_n be_v make_v and_o that_o without_o fine_a or_o income_n yet_o such_o a_o lessee_n shall_v be_v receive_v to_o falsify_v the_o recovery_n have_v against_o his_o lessor_n notwithstanding_o the_o preamble_n of_o that_o statute_n seem_v to_o remedy_v no_o lessee_n but_o such_o as_o make_v fine_n and_o be_v make_v before_o that_o statute_n but_o the_o say_a word_n be_v not_o put_v in_o the_o body_n or_o enact_v part_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o our_o statute_n the_o word_n heretofore_o win_v be_v only_o put_v in_o the_o preamble_n and_o not_o in_o the_o material_a part_n of_o the_o law_n and_o so_o
use_n thereof_o be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o the_o power_n thereof_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o law_n proprietas_fw-la domino_fw-la usus_fw-la populo_fw-la potestas_fw-la regi_fw-la wherein_o for_o more_o clear_a illustration_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o put_v this_o case_n populo_fw-la proprietas_fw-la domo_fw-la usus_fw-la populo_fw-la that_o i._o s._n do_v cut_v the_o sea_n bank_n or_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o great_a regi_fw-la potestas_fw-la regi_fw-la river_n and_o i._o b._n which_o have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v thereby_o fall_v unaware_o into_o the_o cut_n and_o be_v hurt_v in_o body_n or_o good_n the_o party_n which_o cut_v this_o bank_n incure_v these_o mulct_n for_o first_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n may_v have_v his_o action_n of_o trespass_n quare_fw-la solum_fw-la fodit_fw-la and_o he_o which_o fall_v therein_o may_v have_v his_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o the_o dig_a of_o that_o cut_n for_o to_o 9_o 8_o e_z 4_o 9_o 27_o h._n 8._o 27._o 2_o e._n 4._o 9_o recover_v his_o damage_n for_o his_o special_a hurt_n and_o the_o offendor_n may_v also_o be_v indict_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n for_o the_o general_a wrong_n do_v to_o the_o king_n people_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v of_o highway_n a_o wall_n do_v differ_v in_o point_n of_o ownershhip_n from_o a_o bank_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o material_n the_o same_o be_v make_v on_o for_o a_o bank_n be_v make_v exit_fw-la solo_fw-la &_o fundo_fw-la qua_fw-la ex_fw-la suis_fw-la propriis_fw-la naturis_fw-la sunt_fw-la cadem_fw-la cum_fw-la terra_fw-la super_fw-la qua_fw-la edificatur_fw-la but_o so_o be_v not_o a_o wall_n for_o it_o be_v a_o artificial_a edifice_n not_o of_o the_o material_n arise_v of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v but_o which_o be_v bring_v thither_o and_o build_v there_o ad_fw-la propria_fw-la onera_fw-la &_o costagia_fw-la partis_fw-la so_o that_o the_o ownership_n &_o property_n of_o a_o wall_n do_v appertain_v to_o he_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o though_o his_o ground_n lie_v not_o next_o thereto_o but_o of_o a_o bank_n the_o property_n and_o ownership_n be_v he_o who_o ground_n adjoyn_v thereto_o and_o this_o shall_v i_o hope_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o bank_n and_o wall_n the_o two_o first_o defence_n nominate_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n seem_v to_o extend_v only_o to_o bank_n wall_n and_o other_o defence_n stand_v and_o be_v by_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o marish_a ground_n thereto_o adjoin_v but_o whether_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n of_o fresh_a river_n which_o have_v their_o course_n to_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o have_v heretofore_o breed_v some_o question_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v within_o the_o provision_n of_o these_o law_n for_o there_o be_v two_o mischief_n recite_v in_o the_o statute_n the_o first_o be_v for_o not_o maintain_v the_o wall_n and_o bank_n against_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n whereof_o great_a hurt_n have_v happen_v thereby_o by_o the_o overflow_a thereof_o and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a watercourse_n through_o landflood_n which_o have_v do_v some_o damage_n to_o the_o ground_n next_o adjoin_v and_o these_o law_n apply_v a_o remedy_n to_o both_o these_o grievance_n that_o be_v by_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o bank_n next_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o maintain_v of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o fresh_a inland_a river_n to_o cause_v they_o keep_v their_o water_n within_o their_o channel_n and_o i_o take_v it_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n viz._n that_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v and_o reflow_a and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o trench_n of_o fresh_a water_n descend_v and_o have_v their_o course_n to_o the_o sea_n by_o divers_a way_n be_v so_o dirupt_a lacerate_v and_o break_v etc._n etc._n and_o also_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o word_n there_o be_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o outrageous_a flow_a surge_n &_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o &_o upon_o marsh_n ground_n and_o other_o low_a place_n heretofore_o through_o politic_a wisdom_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o great_a commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o also_o by_o occasion_n of_o land_n water_n and_o other_o outrageous_a spring_n in_o and_o upon_o meadow_n pasture_n and_o low_a ground_n adjoin_v to_o river_n stream_n and_o current_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v to_o have_v their_o course_n and_o what_o keep_v the_o fresh_a water_n within_o this_o channel_n but_o good_a and_o serviceable_a wall_n and_o bank_n and_o what_o thing_n do_v this_o law_n intend_v to_o be_v dirupt_a lacerate_v and_o break_v but_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n which_o pen_v up_o their_o water_n and_o these_o word_n extend_v more_o proper_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n of_o fresh_a inland_a river_n then_o to_o sea_n coast_n and_o i_o do_v find_v some_o ancient_a authority_n in_o the_o point_n out_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n where_o the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la distriction_n '_o marsh_n romney_n marsh_n faciend_n '_o add_v reparand_n '_o wallia_fw-la &_o watergaugia_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la marisei_fw-la contra_fw-la maris_fw-la impetum_fw-la inundationem_fw-la aliarum_fw-la aquar_fw-la '_o dulcium_fw-la which_o last_o word_n can_v have_v no_o other_o construction_n or_o interpretation_n but_o to_o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o and_o wall_n of_o navigable_a and_o other_o fresh_a river_n and_o watergauge_n of_o fresh_a stream_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o make_v the_o scruple_n clear_v wherein_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o common_a 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o passage_n of_o ship_n and_o boat_n in_o great_a river_n of_o england_n be_v oftentimes_o disturb_v by_o leave_v of_o wear_v etc._n etc._n and_o provide_v a_o remedy_n therein_o so_o hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v that_o fresh_a navigable_a stream_n be_v within_o these_o law_n private_a wall_n and_o bank_n but_o all_o bank_n and_o wall_n wherein_o water_n be_v pen_v be_v not_o within_o the_o provision_n of_o these_o law_n but_o only_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o common_a and_o public_a river_n and_o ditch_n sewer_n and_o stream_n for_o wall_n and_o bank_n make_v and_o erect_v as_o fence_n to_o man_n private_a ground_n and_o there_o set_v or_o make_v to_o ditch_n gutter_n and_o stream_n for_o the_o drayn_n and_o water_v of_o man_n private_a ground_n be_v not_o within_o these_o law_n for_o these_o law_n take_v cognisance_n and_o notice_n of_o none_o but_o of_o such_o as_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o whereas_o in_o the_o port_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o realm_n divers_a private_a person_n have_v for_o inning_n and_o safety_n of_o their_o marsh_n and_o marsh_n ground_n cast_v great_a bank_n for_o those_o private_a use_n these_o bank_n be_v not_o within_o the_o protection_n and_o defence_n of_o these_o law_n to_o be_v maintain_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o may_v be_v extirp_v if_o they_o be_v let_v and_o a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v erect_v forasmuch_o as_o i_o be_o now_o in_o hand_n with_o wall_n and_o bank_n the_o defence_n to_o river_n sewer_n ditch_n and_o gutter_n i_o therefore_o take_v it_o that_o it_o will_v hold_v good_a correspondency_n here_o in_o this_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o dependency_n a_o river_n therefore_o be_v a_o run_a stream_n pen_v in_o on_o either_o side_n with_o wall_n and_o bank_n and_o bear_v that_o name_n as_o well_o where_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v as_o where_o the_o water_n have_v their_o current_n one_o way_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o pischary_a of_o the_o banne_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o cap._n 15._o 11_o 4_o h._n 7._o 23_o h._n 8_o â—â—_o l._n ass_n pl._n 11_o thames_n be_v term_v a_o river_n in_o 34_o lib._n ass_n pl._n 11._o and_o in_o blow_n com._n fol._n 129._o tyne_n and_o tese_n be_v both_o name_v river_n and_o in_o 19_o h._n 7._o cap._n 18._o severn_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o river_n trent_n humber_n boston_n haven_n lin_z haven_n and_o tiber_n orontes_n euphrates_n 7._o 19_o h_n 7._o and_o anfidies_n near_o which_o hannibal_n the_o carthaginean_a general_n strike_v the_o battle_n of_o can_v be_v all_o of_o they_o in_o history_n of_o great_a authority_n name_v river_n rennatus_n choppinus_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la francia_fw-la choppinus_n choppinus_n lib._n 1._o tit._n 16._o de_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la say_v that_o fluminum_fw-la duo_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la regalia_z quaedam_fw-la
alia_fw-la bannalia_fw-la sive_fw-la privata_fw-la regalia_z dicuntur_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la principes_fw-la jure_fw-la patrimoniali_fw-la vectigall_a capit_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la modum_fw-la &_o tempus_fw-la piscationis_fw-la constituit_fw-la and_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o his_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o banne_n say_v that_o so_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n do_v flow_v and_o reflow_v it_o be_v a_o royal_a stream_n and_o the_o fishing_n therein_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o where_o the_o same_o do_v not_o flow_v and_o reflow_v tertennant_n of_o both_o side_n de_fw-fr communi_fw-la jure_fw-la have_v the_o pischary_a yet_o a_o subject_a may_v have_v the_o free_a fish_n in_o the_o royal_a stream_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o in_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n tam_fw-la aqua_fw-la quam_fw-la solum_fw-la pertinuit_fw-la dom_fw-la '_o regi_fw-la and_o by_o charter_n they_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o lord_n major_a of_o london_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o same_o in_o lib._n intrac_n fol._n 666._o 666._o in_o veteri_fw-la lib._n int._n fol._n 666._o there_o be_v a_o precedent_n put_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n be_v bring_v quare_fw-la le_fw-mi defend_v '_o piscat'est_fw-mi in_o sva_fw-la separali_fw-la pischaria_fw-la &_o pisces_fw-la inde_fw-la videlicet_fw-la dvos_fw-la salmones_n caepit_fw-la the_o defendant_n justify_v and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o dale_n which_o do_v extend_v itself_o usque_fw-la ad_fw-la medium_n aquae_fw-la de_fw-la v._o quae_fw-la est_fw-la eadem_fw-la pischaria_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la supponitur_fw-la pischationem_fw-la predict_v '_o fieri_fw-la exaustriali_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la fuit_fw-la sesitus_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la de_fw-fr sale_n quod_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la medium_n fili_fw-la aquae_fw-la predic_n '_o ex_fw-la boreali_fw-la parte_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la aquae_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la defendens_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la quorum_fw-la statum_fw-la ipse_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o predic_n '_o manerio_fw-la the_o dale_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la in_o contrario_fw-la seisit_n '_o fuerant_fw-la de_fw-la predic_fw-la '_o australi_fw-la parte_fw-la de_fw-la predic_fw-la '_o aquae_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la separali_fw-la pischaria_fw-la sva_fw-la in_o which_o plead_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o lord_n on_o either_o side_n the_o river_n owe_v the_o river_n by_o several_a moiety_n and_o the_o several_a moiety_n and_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o fish_n as_o incident_a thereto_o it_o may_v also_o here_o as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v move_v for_o a_o apt_a question_n in_o who_o the_o property_n of_o run_a water_n be_v for_o 164._o nat._n br_n foe_fw-mi 123_o p._n c._n 164._o in_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 123._o there_o be_v a_o quoth_v permit_v '_o habere_fw-la liberam_fw-la pischariam_fw-la in_o aquae_fw-la ipsius_fw-la l._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v property_n in_o those_o water_n and_o in_o plo._n com._n 154._o one_o grant_v aquam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o l._n and_o the_o pischary_n pass_v thereby_o and_o so_o do_v the_o soil_n also_o in_o my_o opinion_n for_o in_o 12_o h._n 7._o fol._n 4._o a_o praecipe_n quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la be_v bring_v de_fw-la una_fw-la 4._o 12_o h._n 7._o fol._n 4._o acra_fw-la terrae_fw-la cu_z '_o aqua_fw-la cooperta_fw-la in_o my_o conceit_n the_o civil_a law_n make_v pretty_a and_o neat_a distinction_n of_o these_o than_o our_o common_a law_n do_v for_o there_o it_o be_v say_v that_o naturali_fw-la ratione_fw-la quaedam_fw-la sunt_fw-la communia_fw-la ut_fw-la aer_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la mare_fw-la &_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la i_o concur_v in_o opinion_n with_o they_o that_o the_o air_n be_v common_a to_o all_o and_o i_o hold_v my_o former_a definition_n touch_v the_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n shore_n but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o property_n fix_v in_o run_v water_n i_o can_v be_v draw_v to_o that_o opinion_n for_o the_o civil_a law_n say_v further_a quod_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la non_fw-la manet_fw-la in_o certo_fw-la loco_fw-la sed_fw-la procul_fw-la fuit_fw-la extra_fw-la ditione_n in_fw-la ejus_fw-la cujus_fw-la flumen_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la mare_fw-la tandem_fw-la perveniat_fw-la for_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v strange_a that_o the_o law_n of_o property_n shall_v be_v fix_v upon_o such_o uncertainty_n as_o to_o be_v alter_v into_o meam_fw-la tuam_fw-la svam_fw-la before_o these_o word_n can_v be_v speak_v and_o to_o be_v change_v in_o every_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n and_o to_o be_v more_o uncertain_a in_o the_o proprietor_n than_o a_o chameleon_n of_o his_o colour_n our_o common_a law_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o certain_a do_v not_o set_v his_o property_n upon_o a_o dear_a in_o park_n conney_n or_o hare_n in_o warrens_n nor_o on_o fish_n in_o run_a stream_n all_o which_o be_v more_o permanent_a than_o run_a water_n be_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o take_v this_o word_n aqua_n for_o the_o bare_a run_a water_n there_o can_v be_v no_o property_n therein_o but_o as_o the_o same_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o soil_n take_v they_o two_o for_o one_o it_o be_v draw_v with_o the_o property_n thereof_o and_o this_o difference_n be_v apparent_a by_o 12_o h._n 7._o aforesaid_a and_o mr._n lyuwood_n put_v a_o difference_n inter_fw-la fluvium_fw-la &_o flumen_fw-la for_o say_v he_o est_fw-la perennis_fw-la decursus_fw-la aquar_fw-la '_o sed_fw-la flumen_fw-la est_fw-la propria_fw-la ipsa_fw-la aqua_fw-la let_v it_o not_o be_v hold_v questionable_a whether_o river_n of_o both_o kind_n be_v within_o these_o law_n or_o not_o though_o they_o be_v not_o put_v among_o the_o defence_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o for_o that_o express_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v term_v let_v and_o impediment_n be_v command_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n for_o hinder_v the_o water_n and_o navigation_n be_v so_o careful_o provide_v for_o can_v be_v support_v unless_o river_n navigable_a be_v maintain_v and_o these_o river_n be_v like_o the_o vein_n of_o a_o man_n body_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o ground_n near_o thereunto_o adjoin_v be_v abundant_o multiply_v and_o the_o water_n which_o trouble_v the_o level_n be_v convey_v away_o thereby_o so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o river_n and_o their_o channel_n water_n and_o bank_n be_v all_o of_o they_o full_o within_o the_o defence_n of_o these_o law_n howsoever_o some_o which_o will_v have_v no_o new_a river_n cast_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n will_v extend_v the_o word_n but_o to_o the_o repair_v and_o not_o to_o the_o river_n itself_o sewer_n a_o sewer_n whereupon_o these_o law_n take_v their_o name_n have_v be_v no_o great_a stranger_n to_o our_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v perfect_o describe_v though_o not_o precise_o define_v in_o our_o law_n some_o mince_n the_o word_n compound_v it_o of_o two_o word_n sea_n and_o be_v say_v that_o nomina_fw-la sunt_fw-la consonantia_fw-la rebus_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o coherence_n between_o the_o name_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n authority_n in_o law_n will_v best_o decide_v the_o question_n and_o therefore_o 20_o h._n 6._o fol._n 1._o a_o action_n of_o waste_n 1._o 20_o h._n 6._o fol._n 1._o be_v bring_v there_o against_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o suffer_v a_o sewer_n in_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o be_v unrepaired_a by_o reason_n whereof_o his_o ground_n in_o l._n which_o the_o defendant_n hold_v by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n be_v sorround_v so_o that_o by_o this_o book_n it_o be_v make_v manifest_a that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o fresh_a water_n trench_v compass_v in_o on_o both_o side_n with_o a_o bank_n and_o be_v a_o small_a current_n or_o little_a river_n and_o in_o 12_o h._n 4._o fol._n 7._o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v for_o stop_v of_o a_o sewer_n in_o 7._o 12_o h._n 4._o fol._n 7._o dale_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o water_n do_v overflow_v the_o bank_n and_o drown_v the_o plaintiff_n meadow_n ground_n so_o these_o two_o case_n sufficient_o declare_v what_o a_o sewer_n be_v and_o holinshed_n in_o his_o chronicle_n term_v the_o fleet_n dike_n in_o london_n a_o sewer_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o diminutive_a of_o a_o river_n and_o by_o express_a word_n sewer_n be_v within_o these_o law_n &_o sic_fw-la est_fw-la in_o 39_o h._n 6._o 31._o gutter_n a_o gutter_n be_v of_o a_o less_o size_n and_o of_o a_o narrow_a passage_n and_o current_n than_o a_o sewer_n be_v and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o a_o gutter_n be_v the_o diminutive_a of_o a_o sewer_n and_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o be_v that_o a_o sewer_n be_v a_o common_a public_a stream_n and_o a_o gutter_n be_v a_o straight_o private_a run_a water_n and_o the_o use_n of_o
a_o sewer_n be_v common_a and_o of_o a_o gutter_n peculiar_a and_o by_o express_a word_n also_o a_o gutter_n be_v within_o these_o law_n &_o ceo_fw-la est_fw-la sic_fw-la mention_n '_o 39_o h._n 6._o 31._o ditch_n a_o ditch_n fossa_n be_v also_o describe_v in_o our_o book_n as_o in_o 12_o h._n 4._o 7._o where_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o mr._n of_o s._n mark_v in_o bristol_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o cleanse_v a_o ditch_n there_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o water_n therein_o be_v stop_v and_o do_v thereby_o surround_v the_o plaintiff_n ground_n so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o a_o ditch_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o current_n of_o water_n in_o infimo_fw-la gradu_fw-la and_o mr._n cambden_n in_o sva_fw-la lincolniensi_fw-la historia_fw-la do_v there_o describe_v fosdyke_n to_o be_v fossa_n incibis_fw-la cambden_n cambden_n quam_fw-la henricus_fw-la prinus_n per_fw-la septem_fw-la miliaria_fw-la à _fw-la withania_n in_o trentum_n perduxit_fw-la ut_fw-la lincolniensibus_fw-la ad_fw-la subvehenda_fw-la necessaria_fw-la usui_fw-la esset_fw-la this_o ditch_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o current_n and_o passage_n for_o boat_n of_o small_a burden_n in_o winter_n but_o in_o summer_n none_o at_o all_o though_o of_o late_a great_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v be_v expend_v thereupon_o sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la nihil_fw-la inde_fw-la boni_fw-la venit_fw-la at_o the_o best_a it_o be_v the_o worst_a in_o all_o that_o country_n and_o be_v of_o so_o slow_a a_o current_n ut_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la currere_fw-la omnino_fw-la it_o serve_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o fence_n to_o divide_v lordship_n and_o be_v a_o great_a trough_n to_o swallow_v up_o water_n thereabouts_o which_o otherwise_o will_v lie_v upon_o the_o level_n and_o of_o it_o i_o say_v no_o more_o but_o spero_fw-la meliora_fw-la &_o expecto_fw-la other_o famous_a ditch_n there_o be_v as_o that_o in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o city_n of_o york_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o stand_a water_n and_o there_o be_v a_o old_a forlorn_a dike_n on_o the_o fen_n side_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v caredike_n more_o ancient_a than_o profitable_a for_o it_o do_v as_o many_o other_o of_o those_o unusual_a ditch_n do_v run_v cross_a to_o the_o ordinary_a current_n of_o water_n in_o those_o part_n for_o where_o the_o sea_n for_o example_n stand_v east_n from_o the_o main_a land_n and_o so_o the_o ordinary_a current_n run_v all_o from_o west_n to_o east_n direct_o towards_o the_o sea_n this_o run_v north_n and_o south_n obvious_a and_o cross_a to_o the_o natural_a current_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n wherefore_o their_o current_n be_v so_o slow_a small_a or_o none_o at_o all_o there_o be_v another_o of_o they_o on_o newmarket_n heath_n quae_fw-la admiranda_fw-la fossa_n vocat_fw-la '_o the_o devil_n dike_n and_o in_o wiltshire_n there_o be_v a_o ditch_n famous_a call_v wansdike_n or_o mercurii_n fossa_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o division_n of_o country_n and_o so_o be_v fossa_n limitania_n and_o be_v either_o altogether_o dry_a dikes_n and_o contain_v common_o no_o more_o water_n then_o those_o that_o fall_v into_o they_o none_o of_o these_o ditch_n be_v within_o these_o law_n but_o such_o of_o they_o which_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o current_n and_o which_o in_o some_o sort_n partake_v with_o the_o river_n pool_n a_o pool_n be_v a_o mere_a stand_a water_n without_o any_o current_n at_o all_o and_o have_v seldom_o or_o never_o any_o issue_n to_o convey_v away_o the_o water_n but_o a_o ditch_n have_v no_o constant_a stand_n nor_o any_o apparent_a current_n a_o pool_n be_v proper_o the_o inheritance_n of_o some_o private_a but_o a_o fosse_n or_o ditch_n be_v in_o use_n common_a pool_n be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n for_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o because_o both_o in_o property_n and_o use_n they_o be_v private_a and_o peculiar_a the_o other_o be_v because_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o extend_v to_o ground_n casual_o and_o not_o continual_o drown_v &_o ad_fw-la eaquae_fw-la frequentius_fw-la accidunt_fw-la jura_n ad_fw-la aptantur_fw-la yet_o all_o pool_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o help_n of_o these_o law_n for_o such_o as_o adjoyn_v to_o great_a river_n and_o lie_v upon_o the_o side_n thereof_o without_o division_n they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n part_n of_o the_o river_n and_o of_o their_o kind_n be_v the_o two_o famous_a pool_n call_v brayford_n and_o swanpool_n both_o near_a unto_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n pond_n a_o pond_n be_v a_o stand_a ditch_n cast_v by_o labour_n of_o man_n hand_n in_o his_o private_a ground_n for_o his_o private_a use_n to_o serve_v his_o house_n and_o household_n with_o necessary_a water_n but_o a_o pool_n be_v a_o low_a plat_n of_o ground_n by_o nature_n and_o be_v not_o cast_v by_o man_n hand_n i_o find_v a_o pond_n within_o my_o law_n i_o read_v on_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la not_o as_o a_o thing_n defend_v thereby_o but_o as_o a_o let_v and_o impediment_n and_o have_v i_o not_o find_v he_o therein_o name_v i_o shall_v not_o by_o any_o exposition_n have_v here_o bring_v it_o in_o among_o the_o water_n instrument_n for_o i_o much_o marvel_v what_o impediment_n a_o pond_n can_v be_v at_o all_o unless_o by_o cast_v of_o trench_n from_o the_o river_n to_o the_o same_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o take_v thereinto_o some_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n and_o may_v thereby_o hinder_v navigation_n but_o this_o be_v far_o fetch_v stream_n stream_n be_v not_o any_o of_o these_o for_o all_o these_o have_v their_o proper_a peculiar_a bank_n bound_n and_o channel_n and_o be_v put_v in_o among_o they_o but_o a_o stream_n be_v proper_o a_o current_n of_o water_n run_v over_o the_o level_n at_o random_n and_o be_v not_o keep_v in_o with_o bank_n or_o wall_n and_o so_o linwood_n say_v that_o flumen_n which_o be_v a_o stream_n nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsa_fw-la aqua_fw-la conduit_n a_o conduit_n or_o aught_o thereto_o belong_v be_v not_o within_o these_o law_n in_o any_o sort_n whether_o it_o pertain_v to_o a_o private_a person_n or_o to_o a_o town_n or_o corporation_n spring_n spring_v i_o find_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o couple_v with_o such_o a_o word_n that_o they_o thereby_o seem_v to_o be_v exclude_v and_o exile_v quite_o from_o claim_v any_o privilege_n of_o defence_n by_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n outrageous_a be_v join_v therewith_o do_v signify_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o law_n to_o take_v they_o to_o be_v hurtful_a and_o not_o helpful_a but_o all_o this_o come_v of_o the_o word_n outrageous_a which_o be_v but_o a_o quality_n annex_v upon_o accident_n may_v upon_o just_a occasion_n be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o word_n spring_v of_o itself_o be_v both_o in_o appellation_n and_o operation_n very_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o i_o may_v just_o term_v they_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o many_o the_o great_a and_o royal_a river_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o of_o thames_n trent_n and_o such_o like_a and_o therefore_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o let_v such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v not_o outrageous_a and_o hurtful_a to_o take_v up_o a_o place_n of_o defence_n within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o trent_n at_o the_o head_n be_v derive_v from_o spring_n as_o many_o other_o river_n be_v and_o i_o give_v both_o the_o essence_n and_o assistance_n to_o they_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v worthy_a the_o protection_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o water_n issue_v and_o gush_v from_o the_o outrageous_a spring_n may_v by_o the_o provident_a &_o discreet_a care_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v so_o order_v as_o the_o same_o may_v be_v apply_v &_o employ_v to_o necessary_a use_n so_o now_o i_o have_v run_v through_o like_o a_o swift_a stream_n the_o quality_n of_o these_o river_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o ditch_n and_o of_o all_o their_o dependency_n and_o wherein_o they_o be_v to_o have_v aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o truth_n the_o very_a material_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o for_o a_o little_a better_a explanation_n of_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o kind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o put_v these_o case_n first_o if_o the_o town_n of_o a._n want_v water_n by_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o cattle_n or_o for_o other_o household_n affair_n as_o for_o brew_v wash_v and_o such_o like_a and_o in_o the_o town_n of_o b._n which_o do_v adjoyn_v thereto_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o water_n more_o perhaps_o then_o be_v necessary_a for_o use_v there_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n by_o any_o of_o these_o law_n for_o any_o of_o the_o say_a
purpose_n to_o make_v any_o order_n or_o decree_n to_o relieve_v the_o town_n of_o a._n with_o water_n from_o b._n for_o this_o statute_n make_v but_o two_o use_n of_o river_n sewer_n and_o stream_n the_o one_o for_o drain_n the_o other_o for_o sail_v and_o be_v for_o neither_o of_o these_o purpose_n the_o commissioner_n have_v no_o power_n to_o deal_v therein_o but_o if_o two_o town_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o in_o either_o of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o river_n navigable_a and_o by_o accident_n one_o of_o they_o be_v dry_v up_o and_o the_o other_o abound_v with_o water_n more_o perhaps_o then_o there_o be_v necessary_a use_n of_o i_o be_o in_o the_o case_n of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o the_o commission_n to_o make_v a_o law_n or_o ordinance_n to_o relieve_v the_o river_n which_o want_v water_n out_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n which_o the_o other_o river_n have_v in_o help_n and_o supply_v of_o navigation_n but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o i._o s._n keep_v boat_n for_o his_o own_o necessary_a use_n and_o occasion_n and_o for_o no_o other_o purpose_n the_o commissioner_n have_v no_o warrant_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o relieve_v i._o s._n with_o water_n for_o this_o his_o own_o private_a use_n for_o that_o their_o power_n be_v the_o republic_n yet_o if_o i._o s._n have_v use_v with_o his_o boat_n to_o carry_v and_o recarry_v for_o the_o common_a use_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_n than_o he_o be_v within_o the_o relief_n of_o these_o law_n the_o new_a stream_n and_o cut_v which_o be_v now_o of_o late_o make_v and_o cast_v by_o mr._n middleton_n from_o ware_n to_o london_n can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n because_o it_o be_v not_o make_v for_o the_o drain_n or_o sail_v but_o for_o household_n affair_n and_o therefore_o special_a statute_n be_v enact_v to_o begin_v continue_v and_o perfect_v that_o work_n in_o 3_o 4_o jac._n regis_fw-la and_o after_o the_o stream_n be_v effect_v these_o two_o statute_n bring_v the_o same_o within_o reg._n 3_o 4_o jac._n reg._n the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n and_o now_o see_v my_o law_n have_v bring_v i_o in_o my_o argument_n and_o discourse_n among_o the_o thing_n defend_v by_o these_o law_n i_o shall_v now_o make_v a_o little_a digression_n from_o my_o case_n to_o treat_v of_o bridge_n and_o calceys_n and_o goat_n the_o proper_a invention_n and_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n and_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o order_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o they_o be_v three_o material_a instrument_n which_o this_o statute_n by_o name_n have_v be_v careful_a to_o take_v order_n for_o bridges_n bridge_n be_v diverse_o take_v in_o these_o statute_n for_o some_o be_v thereby_o to_o be_v maintain_v and_o other_o some_o be_v to_o be_v extirp_v or_o reform_v as_o let_n and_o impediment_n wherein_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o for_o instruction_n to_o open_v some_o other_o lead_v statute_n which_o have_v provide_v for_o they_o the_o first_o statute_n of_o bridges_n be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 15._o 15._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 15._o nulla_fw-la villa_n nec_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la distringatur_fw-la facere_fw-la pontes_fw-la nisi_fw-la qui_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la tempore_fw-la henrici_fw-la aui_fw-la '_o nostr_n '_o this_o word_n facere_fw-la be_v to_o be_v construe_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o reparareor_fw-la manutenere_fw-la for_o other_o construction_n it_o can_v have_v and_o if_o this_o statute_n shall_v be_v in_o force_n i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o will_v abate_v much_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o letter_n of_o it_o that_o either_o no_o bridge_n be_v to_o be_v repair_v but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o and_o before_o 2._o h._n 2._o neither_o shall_v any_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v they_o but_o such_o as_o in_o his_o time_n have_v then_o use_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v they_o but_o this_o statute_n be_v neither_o repeal_v nor_o must_v be_v abridge_v as_o not_o to_o extend_v to_o bridge_n make_v sithence_o and_o i_o take_v it_o under_o favour_n that_o it_o stand_v on_o surround_v ground_n which_o this_o statute_n have_v to_o do_v with_o as_o also_o for_o such_o bridge_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o cap._n have_v power_n over_o which_o be_v bridge_n 8._o 22_o h._n 8._o stand_v on_o high_a way_n for_o both_o these_o statute_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n oppose_v the_o say_a statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la howsoever_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n recite_v the_o say_a statute_n as_o it_o be_v in_o force_n at_o this_o day_n and_o if_o so_o than_o the_o exposition_n must_v be_v make_v as_o i_o take_v it_o that_o all_o bridge_n make_v and_o erect_v since_o be_v out_o of_o the_o inhibition_n of_o that_o statute_n or_o else_o that_o statute_n be_v total_o repeal_v for_o otherwise_o all_o bridge_n build_v since_o shall_v not_o be_v repair_v because_o no_o person_n or_o town_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o do_v they_o and_o then_o be_v the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n almost_o altogether_o inhibit_v touch_v bridge_n and_o their_o hand_n close_v up_o for_o meddle_v therewithal_o but_o i_o take_v this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n in_o full_a strength_n to_o deal_v with_o such_o bridge_n as_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o bridge_n within_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v such_o as_o lie_v on_o or_o near_o surround_v ground_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v not_o only_o place_v there_o for_o free_a passage_n but_o also_o for_o strength_n to_o defend_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n as_o many_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v viz._n london_n bridge_n rochester_n bridge_n the_o great_a bridge_n at_o lincoln_n boston_n bridge_n and_o the_o like_a and_o such_o as_o lie_v on_o inland_n and_o high_a country_n over_o high_a way_n as_o burton_n trent_n ware_n wainsford_n huntingdon_n and_o such_o like_a be_v within_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o and_o i_o make_v little_a doubt_n of_o it_o but_o all_o the_o say_v last_o mention_v bridge_n be_v also_o within_o the_o provision_n of_o the_o say_a law_n of_o sewer_n for_o they_o lie_v and_o be_v build_v over_o such_o river_n as_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o these_o law_n the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o extend_v not_o to_o bridge_n lie_v out_o 8._o 22_o h._n 8._o of_o highway_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v extend_v to_o such_o also_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o bridge_n stand_v on_o a_o common_a sewer_n ditch_n or_o gutter_n which_o have_v his_o current_n to_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o some_o river_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n over_o such_o either_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o or_o to_o extirp_v it_o as_o just_a cause_n and_o occasion_n shall_v require_v also_o private_a bridge_n be_v within_o these_o law_n as_o if_o i._n s._n and_o his_o ancestor_n owner_n of_o such_o a_o house_n have_v have_v and_o use_v to_o have_v a_o bridge_n over_o a_o great_a or_o less_o river_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o his_o pasture_n ground_n or_o to_o his_o common_a this_o bridge_n and_o all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n viz._n to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v if_o they_o be_v impediment_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o also_o to_o be_v maintain_v if_o thereby_o the_o same_o be_v any_o material_a defence_n against_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n otherwise_o not_o but_o for_o put_v down_o such_o bridge_n which_o have_v be_v by_o prescription_n i_o hope_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n will_v be_v well_o advise_v therein_o see_v time_n have_v give_v great_a approbation_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v handle_v this_o point_n more_o full_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o let_n and_o impediment_n where_o that_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n come_v most_o fit_a to_o be_v handle_v the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o extend_v to_o the_o repair_n and_o amend_v of_o bridge_n only_o but_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o take_v a_o arch_n away_o or_o to_o add_v a_o new_a arch_n thereto_o or_o to_o erect_v and_o build_v a_o new_a bridge_n where_o none_o be_v before_o this_o be_v most_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n who_o power_n may_v be_v extend_v thereto_o all_o bridge_n set_v upon_o river_n by_o person_n without_o authority_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o party_n punish_v for_o no_o man_n ought_v of_o his_o own_o authority_n to_o be_v so_o bold_a with_o the_o common_a and_o
high_a way_n or_o stream_n as_o to_o erect_v bridge_n or_o other_o engine_n thereon_o without_o lawful_a warrant_n bridge_n in_o highway_n where_o there_o be_v no_o stream_n under_o but_o only_o some_o petty_a land_n stream_n at_o rain_n and_o wet_a season_n these_o be_v dry_a bridge_n and_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o if_o they_o stand_v on_o highway_n in_o 14_o jacobi_n regis_n it_o be_v find_v by_o inquisition_n take_v at_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o guild-hall_n there_o jac._n 14_o jac._n before_o sir_n thomas_n grantham_n knight_n and_o myself_o and_o other_o commissioner_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bracebridge_n near_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n and_o stand_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o wytham_n thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v fall_v into_o great_a decay_n whereby_o cart_n carriage_n &_o man_n on_o horseback_n can_v not_o pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o in_o time_n past_a have_v be_v use_v in_o defect_n of_o hen._n sapcots_n esq_n who_o ought_v to_o repair_v a_o part_n thereof_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o manor_n of_o bracebridge_n and_o of_o bartholomew_n gregge_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o house_n stand_v at_o the_o bridge_n foot_n call_v the_o hermitage_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n aught_o to_o repair_v another_o part_n and_o of_o the_o corporation_n of_o lincoln_n who_o be_v to_o repair_v a_o part_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o moreland_n who_o use_v to_o repair_v another_o part_n and_o the_o same_o be_v decree_v according_o but_o mr._n sapcot_n without_o cause_n find_v himself_o grieve_v thereat_o prefer_v his_o bill_n into_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n against_o sir_n thomas_n grantham_n and_o other_o to_o be_v relieve_v therein_o and_o do_v allege_v that_o the_o same_o stand_v far_o from_o the_o sea_n pretend_v thereby_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o deal_v with_o the_o same_o but_o at_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o anno_fw-la 16._o jac._n he_o be_v overrule_v in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o suit_n a_o calcey_n a_o calcey_n or_o calsway_n be_v a_o passage_n make_v by_o art_n of_o earth_n gravel_n stone_n and_o such_o like_a on_z or_o over_o some_o high_a or_o common_a way_n lead_v through_o surround_v ground_n for_o the_o safe_a passage_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n and_o these_o calceys_n have_v always_o be_v express_v in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n of_o the_o sewer_n in_o the_o register_n fitz._n nat_n breed_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 6_o h._n 6._o cap_n 5._o but_o not_o any_o calceys_n be_v in_o these_o law_n but_o 6._o register_n f._n h._n n._n b._n 6._o h._n 6._o such_o as_o be_v over_o surround_v and_o low_a ground_n as_o that_o of_o barston_n bank_n southy_n bank_n and_o such_o like_a but_o touch_v calceys_n lie_v in_o town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v in_o the_o high_a uplandish_a country_n this_o law_n do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n extend_v unto_o they_o but_o all_o calceys_n lead_v over_o the_o say_a bridge_n and_o near_o unto_o they_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o this_o law_n yet_o no_o private_a calceys_n be_v to_o be_v deal_v withal_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n goat_n goat_n be_v usual_a engine_n erect_v and_o build_v with_o perculless_n and_o door_n of_o timber_n stone_n or_o brick_n invent_v first_o in_o low_a germany_n and_o after_o bring_v into_o england_n and_o use_v here_o by_o imitation_n and_o experience_n have_v give_v so_o great_a approbation_n of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o with_o good_a reason_n and_o cause_n induce_v the_o same_o account_v the_o most_o useful_a instrument_n for_o drain_n the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a use_n make_v of_o they_o the_o one_o when_o fresh_a water_n flow_v and_o descend_v upon_o the_o low_a ground_n where_o these_o engine_n be_v always_o place_v and_o whereto_o all_o the_o channel_n where_o they_o stand_v have_v their_o current_n and_o drain_v direct_v the_o same_o be_v let_v out_o by_o these_o into_o some_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o at_o some_o great_a flood_n the_o sea_n break_v into_o the_o land_n the_o salt_n water_n usual_o have_v their_o return_n through_o these_o back_n to_o the_o sea_n many_o of_o these_o goat_n which_o be_v place_v on_o highway_n serve_v also_o for_o bridge_n this_o goat_n be_v no_o such_o imaginary_a engine_n as_o the_o mill_n be_v which_o some_o rare_a wise_a man_n of_o late_a have_v invent_v but_o this_o invention_n be_v warrant_v by_o experience_n the_o other_o be_v reject_v as_o altogether_o chargeable_a and_o illusory_a yet_o these_o engine_n seem_v to_o i_o not_o to_o be_v very_o ancient_a here_o in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v they_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a commission_n grant_v before_o this_o statute_n do_v express_v the_o same_o and_o sure_o this_o statute_n be_v so_o curious_a in_o the_o special_a repetition_n of_o such_o defence_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o it_o intend_v to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v that_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v draw_v to_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n that_o a_o artificial_a mill_n and_o such_o like_a new_a invent_v engine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n but_o be_v once_o erect_v and_o prove_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o public_a state_n they_o may_v be_v continue_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n new_a defence_n hitherto_o i_o have_v proceed_v only_o in_o the_o handle_n and_o discourse_v of_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a defence_n which_o be_v helpful_a both_o to_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o now_o desirous_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o argument_n of_o new_a defence_n be_v a_o matter_n very_o fit_a and_o apt_a to_o be_v dispute_v on_o and_o to_o give_v some_o warrant_n to_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o have_v so_o compose_v my_o case_n as_o both_o old_a and_o new_a be_v therein_o contain_v wherein_o the_o point_n will_v be_v short_o this_o whether_o the_o new_a river_n and_o new_a bank_n mention_v in_o my_o case_n can_v be_v order_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n and_o those_o which_o will_v take_v a_o part_n to_o argue_v on_o the_o contrary_a may_v allege_v much_o matter_n and_o many_o reason_n to_o make_v good_a their_o argument_n first_o out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o for_o thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o statute_n can_v bear_v no_o such_o exposition_n by_o reason_n the_o word_n thereof_o literal_o take_v seem_v to_o extend_v only_o to_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a defence_n and_o not_o to_o the_o erect_n of_o new_a and_o the_o word_n thereof_o in_o this_o point_n be_v these_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o wall_n bank_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o fresh_a water_n descend_v be_v so_o lacerate_v dirupt_v and_o break_a the_o commission_n therefore_o do_v authorise_v the_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n rutland_z and_z exeter_z robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o grimsthrop_n sir_n william_n welby_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n and_o sir_n john_n hatcher_n knight_n whereof_z three_z to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o survey_v and_o amend_v the_o say_v wall_n and_o bank_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o place_n necessary_a and_o the_o same_o as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v to_o make_v new_a upon_o these_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v those_o which_o argue_v against_o the_o new_a defence_n infer_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o cause_v new_a bank_n new_a wall_n or_o other_o defence_n to_o be_v erect_v and_o so_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o word_n nova_fw-la construere_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr novo_fw-la construere_fw-la the_o first_o extend_v to_o erect_v new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o and_o the_o other_o purport_v the_o erect_n of_o a_o new_a one_o where_o before_o a_o old_a one_o stand_v and_o the_o word_n which_o enforce_v this_o exposition_n be_v pen_v strong_o to_o that_o purpose_n for_o first_o they_o have_v power_n to_o repair_v and_o amend_v what_o such_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o be_v before_o and_o the_o same_o to_o build_v new_a which_o word_n the_o same_o literal_o take_v must_v needs_o extend_v to_o such_o old_a fence_n as_o be_v before_o and_o the_o construction_n be_v so_o make_v exclude_v clear_o the_o power_n to_o make_v new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o and_o this_o exposition_n may_v be_v example_v
in_o other_o case_n of_o like_a quality_n as_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o foe_n 18._o where_o it_o be_v say_v 6._o 2d_o h._n 6._o that_o if_o lessee_n for_o year_n suffer_v a_o house_n to_o fall_v down_o and_o before_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n be_v bring_v against_o he_o he_o build_v another_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o former_a stand_v of_o the_o same_o quality_n and_o quantity_n that_o shall_v excuse_v he_o in_o the_o action_n of_o waste_n but_o so_o will_v it_o not_o have_v do_v if_o he_o have_v build_v the_o same_o in_o all_o point_v answerable_a in_o another_o place_n for_o the_o one_o be_v renew_v the_o other_o a_o new_a one_o and_o in_o the_o 10_o h._n 7._o fol._n 18._o in_o the_o 18._o 10._o h._n 7._o fol._n 18._o abbot_n of_o thorntons_n case_n the_o word_n in_o a_o lease_n be_v that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v repair_v a_o chapel_n lease_v to_o he_o and_o the_o same_o de_fw-fr novo_fw-la construere_fw-la &_o constructam_fw-la curare_fw-la which_o word_n there_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n in_o exposition_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 16._o seem_v touch_v bank_n to_o sway_v 16._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 16._o the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o statute_n be_v quod_fw-la nullae_fw-la repariae_fw-la defendantur_fw-la nisi_fw-la illae_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la tempore_fw-la henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la avi_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o per_fw-la eosdem_fw-la locos_fw-la &_o eosdem_fw-la terminos_fw-la sicut_fw-la esse_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la tempore_fw-la svo_fw-la this_o make_v much_o against_o erect_v of_o new_a bank_n if_o it_o be_v in_o force_n for_o if_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v such_o as_o be_v build_v since_o that_o time_n then_o be_v it_o vain_a to_o build_v new_a one_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v strong_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n that_o no_o new_a river_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o cast_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o the_o case_n there_o be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o those_o part_n make_v a_o order_n and_o decree_n that_o a_o new_a river_n shall_v be_v cut_v out_o of_o the_o old_a river_n there_o call_v owse_n through_o the_o main_a land_n seven_o mile_n unto_o another_o part_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o the_o question_n there_o be_v whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v any_o such_o power_n or_o not_o and_o he_o there_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n express_o that_o they_o have_v not_o and_o affirm_v it_o that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a and_o incovenient_a that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v any_o such_o power_n and_o authority_n for_o than_o they_o may_v thereby_o stop_v up_o the_o havens_n which_o be_v the_o port_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o justify_n of_o this_o opinion_n therein_o he_o allege_v fitzher_o na._n bre._n fol._n 225._o and_o the_o register_n fol._n 252._o fitz._n na._n 13._o fol._n 225._o regist_n 252._o 252._o that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o new_a river_n or_o stream_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v make_v the_o writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damn_z '_o be_v to_o be_v award_v which_o shall_v first_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o escheator_n of_o that_o county_n to_o the_o end_n he_o must_v inquire_v and_o certify_v what_o damage_n it_o may_v be_v if_o such_o a_o cut_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o a_o new_a trench_n cast_v and_o so_o conclude_v direct_o against_o the_o make_n of_o new_a river_n and_o drain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o true_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o make_v strong_a on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v that_o a_o new_a river_n drain_v or_o cut_v can_v be_v make_v but_o through_o some_o man_n private_a inheritance_n and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o matter_n very_o considerable_a so_o that_o all_o these_o thing_n lay_v together_o may_v very_o well_o move_v sir_n edward_n cook_n to_o be_v of_o the_o say_a opinion_n that_o no_o such_o new_a river_n or_o drain_v can_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n argumentum_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la the_o reason_n and_o authority_n put_v on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v weighty_a and_o ponderous_a and_o require_v a_o very_a good_a answer_n which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v thereto_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n bear_v much_o with_o the_o say_v former_a exposition_n so_o i_o hope_v to_o find_v word_n in_o this_o it_o the_o law_n itself_o in_o word_n extend_v to_o it_o statute_n also_o which_o will_v tend_v as_o much_o the_o other_o way_n and_o they_o be_v in_o the_o forepart_n thereof_o viz._n that_o daily_o consider_v the_o great_a damage_n and_o loss_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o many_o and_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o by_o the_o contagious_a flow_a surge_n and_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o and_o upon_o marsh_n ground_n and_o other_o low_a place_n heretofore_o through_o politic_a wisdom_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o ground_n which_o have_v be_v so_o win_v can_v not_o be_v so_o keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o by_o bank_v and_o new_a fence_n in_o which_o prove_v direct_o that_o the_o say_v new_a bank_n and_o new_a fence_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o inning_n and_o keep_v of_o the_o say_v new_o win_v ground_n and_o also_o the_o statute_n exposition_n the_o expire_a law_n of_o h._n 6._o give_v aid_n to_o this_o exposition_n of_o 6_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 5._o give_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n power_n to_o repair_v the_o ancient_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o fence_n &_o eadem_fw-la &_o alia_fw-la de_fw-la novo_fw-la construere_fw-la by_o which_o word_n the_o commissioner_n which_o have_v their_o power_n from_o that_o statute_n may_v make_v new_a defence_n as_o bank_n wall_n and_o such_o like_a and_o so_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v upon_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n which_o be_v observe_v and_o grant_v make_v strong_o for_o this_o part_n for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o do_v not_o only_o confirm_v all_o former_a statute_n of_o the_o sewer_n then_o in_o esse_fw-la but_o also_o give_v authority_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o do_v after_o the_o tenure_n and_o effect_n of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n before_o that_o time_n make_v and_o although_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o be_v in_o time_n then_o expire_v yet_o the_o form_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o may_v be_v follow_v and_o observe_v and_o to_o that_o end_n i_o take_v this_o diversity_n between_o a_o law_n repeal_v and_o a_o law_n expire_v for_o a_o repeal_v law_n be_v make_v void_a and_o frustrate_v as_o either_o unworthy_a or_o unnecessary_a for_o some_o respect_n to_o be_v any_o long_o continue_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o therefore_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v use_v or_o practise_v but_o a_o law_n expire_v in_o time_n though_o it_o have_v lose_v his_o vigour_n and_o force_n yet_o it_o be_v like_o a_o virtuous_a man_n decease_v his_o life_n and_o action_n may_v be_v worthy_a imitation_n though_o the_o date_n of_o day_n be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o a_o law_n repeal_v be_v like_o a_o man_n condemn_v for_o some_o offence_n who_o life_n and_o action_n be_v neither_o of_o they_o worthy_a imitation_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a and_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o be_v a_o worthy_a law_n which_o this_o statute_n intend_v not_o to_o come_v short_a on_o but_o to_o extend_v further_o than_o the_o limit_n of_o that_o law_n do_v reach_v unto_o also_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o be_v use_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o plead_n of_o rook_n case_n in_o his_o 15._o rep._n where_o he_o can_v case_n rook_n case_n make_v there_o no_o other_o use_n of_o it_o see_v it_o be_v in_o time_n expire_v then_o only_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n also_o we_o must_v conceive_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v of_o great_a and_o urgent_a necessity_n and_o use_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a exposition_n the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n will_v help_v this_o exposition_n commonwealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o the_o intent_n thereof_o may_v be_v extend_v in_o exposition_n beyond_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n for_o the_o word_n be_v and_o the_o same_o to_o make_v new_a which_o according_a to_o the_o bare_a word_n in_o a_o literal_a construction_n can_v extend_v to_o new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o but_o to_o the_o re-edify_n of_o the_o decay_a old_a one_o but_o the_o learned_a expositor_n who_o
heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
case_n five_o if_o i._o s._n by_o reason_n of_o his_o land_n or_o otherwise_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v the_o sea_n bank_n but_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o apparent_a dangerous_a to_o the_o country_n that_o i._o s._n in_o all_o likelihood_n can_v repair_v the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o country_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v overflow_v ere_o i._n s._n alone_o can_v do_v it_o here_o also_o the_o country_n on_o that_o level_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v towards_o the_o same_o keighleys_n case_n six_o if_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o spring_n tide_n or_o at_o extraordinary_a casual_a swell_a tide_n or_o flood_n have_v break_v down_o the_o fence_n and_o overthrow_v the_o bank_n and_o drown_v the_o country_n without_o any_o default_n in_o the_o party_n who_o be_v tie_v to_o have_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o level_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n make_v up_o the_o breach_n for_o thing_n which_o happen_v extraordinary_o by_o the_o sea_n or_o great_a water_n which_o neither_o policy_n of_o man_n can_v prevent_v nor_o industry_n or_o force_n can_v resist_v be_v count_v irevitable_a and_o undefenceable_a and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n if_o they_o suffer_v by_o neglect_v their_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o be_v break_v down_o and_o their_o ground_n surround_v they_o be_v punishable_a in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n but_o if_o those_o ground_n by_o the_o extraordinary_a rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o water_n be_v bear_v down_o and_o their_o ground_n surround_v thereby_o they_o be_v in_o this_o case_n free_v from_o all_o waste_v and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o case_n in_o 28_o and_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o be_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n where_o one_o dier_n 28_o h._n 8._o dier_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o ground_n to_o i._o s._n lie_v near_o the_o river_n of_o eye_n and_o the_o lessee_n covenant_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n to_o preserve_v the_o meadow_n from_o surrounder_n yet_o after_o a_o extraordinary_a flood_n the_o bank_n be_v break_v down_o and_o the_o meadow_n be_v surround_v and_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v to_o be_v no_o breach_n of_o covenant_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v in_o ☞_o ☞_o the_o case_n of_o a_o fresh_a river_n whereby_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n must_v lay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o level_n if_o any_o danger_n be_v likely_a to_o ensue_v by_o the_o protract_n of_o time_n seven_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n by_o the_o yearly_a payment_n of_o ten_o shilling_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n if_o this_o money_n will_v not_o defray_v the_o charge_n the_o rest_n must_v be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n eight_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n or_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n trench_n or_o river_n to_o be_v cast_v or_o sluice_n or_o new_a goat_n to_o be_v build_v in_o these_o case_n the_o commissioner_n must_v lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v to_o take_v benefit_n thereby_o as_o well_o for_o new_a build_n thereof_o as_o with_o the_o maintain_n of_o they_o for_o in_o the_o case_n of_o new_a defence_n there_o can_v be_v no_o prescription_n custom_n or_o tenure_n bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o last_o in_o case_n there_o be_v a_o great_a port_n in_o the_o country_n by_o the_o which_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v benefit_n for_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v ostia_n &_o januae_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o the_o whole_a country_n tempore_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o be_v these_o place_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o upland_n country_n be_v make_v partaker_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o extraordinary_a repair_n of_o these_o be_v not_o altogether_o tie_v to_o the_o level_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nor_o to_o prescription_n or_o custom_n of_o repair_v which_o extend_v but_o to_o ordinary_a defect_n but_o upon_o great_a and_o urgent_a necessity_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o port_n upon_o the_o welfare_n whereof_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n do_v depend_v the_o whole_a country_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o repair_v for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o for_o that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o gate_n which_o open_v itself_o to_o let_v in_o from_o foreign_a part_n the_o ship_n and_o bark_n which_o bring_v hither_o to_o this_o island_n such_o merchandize_n ware_n and_o commodity_n both_o for_o our_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n as_o we_o have_v need_v to_o use_v second_o at_o these_o port_n we_o ship_n out_o to_o foreign_a nation_n our_o excess_n of_o corn_n cloth_n skin_n lead_v and_o other_o ware_n wherewithal_o we_o do_v abound_v and_o receive_v in_o truck_v therefore_o other_o thing_n more_o useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o we_o three_o in_o time_n of_o war_n we_o have_v ship_v here_o for_o our_o soldier_n and_o mean_n at_o the_o easy_a charge_n to_o transport_v they_o to_o such_o place_n as_o the_o king_n and_o council_n shall_v direct_v four_o in_o those_o port_n be_v common_o great_a havens_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a receptacle_n of_o all_o our_o fresh_a water_n into_o which_o the_o water_n which_o drown_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o country_n adjoin_v be_v convey_v and_o last_o it_o appear_v by_o divers_a author_n that_o a_o country_n well_o furnish_v with_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v not_o more_o strengthen_v then_o honour_v thereby_o and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a as_o convenient_a to_o put_v a_o case_n of_o chronicle_n law_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o 28_o year_n eliz._n in_o holingshead_n chronicle_n it_o appear_v what_o great_a care_n the_o queen_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n and_o the_o cron._n hol._n cron._n knight_n and_o gentleman_n of_o kent_n take_v for_o the_o repair_n of_o dover_n haven_n what_o preparation_n be_v make_v for_o it_o what_o money_n levy_v and_o how_o forward_o all_o the_o country_n be_v to_o effect_v that_o work_n may_v be_v a_o spectacle_n to_o other_o for_o to_o lend_v their_o help_a hand_n to_o the_o maintain_n of_o such_o worthy_a work_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o honourable_a to_o our_o nation_n and_o the_o most_o useful_a to_o the_o enrich_n thereof_o for_o which_o cause_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n have_v both_o salvationem_fw-la defentionem_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la thereby_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o need_n the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o extraordinary_a repair_n of_o the_o same_o i_o have_v now_o proceed_v in_o this_o point_n of_o sess_n so_o far_o that_o i_o take_v it_o i_o may_v just_o here_o make_v my_o full_a period_n of_o this_o day_n exercise_v and_o i_o have_v take_v up_o the_o more_o time_n herein_o because_o thereupon_o a_o main_a part_n and_o strength_n of_o this_o law_n consist_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o apply_v myself_o to_o my_o conclusion_n in_o the_o which_o i_o have_v already_o proceed_v so_o far_o that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o appear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o sess_v in_o particular_a be_v not_o well_o impose_v as_o the_o lessee_n in_o case_n of_o the_o new_a defence_n be_v not_o alone_o chargeable_a for_o that_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n be_v to_o contribute_v thereto_o and_o that_o no_o imposition_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o parson_n for_o his_o tithe_n but_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v for_o all_o so_o that_o these_o two_o be_v already_o rule_v for_o i_o but_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o sess_v shall_v be_v good_a than_o i_o shall_v fail_v in_o my_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v therefore_o set_v forth_o in_o few_o word_n that_o all_o the_o sess_v be_v void_a and_o the_o cause_n be_v this_o that_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n appear_v by_o my_o case_n to_o be_v only_o commodious_a for_o s._n and_o that_o d._n the_o other_o town_n have_v no_o good_a thereby_o and_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o by_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o ancient_a sewer_n in_o d._n that_o town_n only_o have_v benefit_n thereby_o therefore_o to_o assess_v s._n to_o repair_v in_o d._n and_o d._n to_o contribute_v to_o s._n where_o in_o those_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o benefit_n be_v direct_o against_o the_o letter_n and_o sense_n of_o these_o law_n but_o herein_o either_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v at_o charge_n with_o that_o by_o the_o which_o it_o take_v benefit_n and_o that_o not_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o the_o mixture_n mar_v all_o the_o matter_n and_o so_o upon_o all_o this_o i_o conclude_v my_o
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
fol._n 57_o in_o winbish_n and_o tailboys_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o bastard_n eigne_n and_o mulier_fw-la puisne_n and_o the_o bastard_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n enter_v into_o entail_v land_n and_o die_v seize_v this_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o mulier_fw-la in_o case_n of_o estate_n tail_n as_o it_o do_v in_o a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a and_o vouch_v for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 39_o ed._n 3._o plac_fw-la ultimo_fw-la where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o land_n be_v give_v in_o tail_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n 3._o 39_o ed._n 3._o in_o tail_n to_o c._n and_o i._n s._n have_v issue_n by_o a_o woman_n a_o bastard_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o then_o the_o bastard_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n against_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o bastard_n affirm_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o bastard_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o in_o remainder_n to_o which_o opinion_n i_o do_v subscribe_v because_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n be_v a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n and_o so_o can_v be_v conclude_v as_o the_o mulier_fw-la shall_v be_v for_o a_o mulier_fw-la indeed_o be_v like_o a_o graft_n draw_v out_o of_o both_o the_o blood_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n so_o the_o bastard_n be_v a_o slip_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o have_v his_o be_v therefrom_o and_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n consider_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n do_v accept_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n make_v before_o marriage_n upon_o the_o hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n to_o perfect_v the_o same_o even_o so_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v to_o a_o bastard_n birth_n give_v he_o and_o his_o issue_n a_o privilege_n in_o these_o case_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o other_o bastard_n or_o mere_a stranger_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o that_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o west_n 2._o but_o because_o mountagues_n opinion_n in_o mr._n blow_n com._n sway_v the_o other_o way_n i_o will_v therefore_o submit_v this_o point_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n fall_v out_o for_o the_o bastard_n issue_n than_o she_o shall_v have_v title_n to_o the_o half_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o female_n and_o to_o no_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o with_o this_o conclusion_n i_o do_v here_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o will_v now_o resort_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o my_o statute_n point_n the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o be_o desirous_a to_o attribute_v to_o this_o law_n all_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o forget_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v material_o tend_v to_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintain_v thereof_o wherein_o among_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o know_v some_o opinion_n have_v be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o not_o any_o court_n and_o i_o suppose_v much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o maintain_v that_o opinion_n first_o because_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la there_o be_v no_o court_n ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o by_o any_o other_o and_o without_o word_n express_v in_o the_o point_n they_o can_v have_v no_o court._n second_o by_o precedent_n in_o the_o like_a case_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v no_o court_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n plenum_fw-la &_o integrum_fw-la scrutinium_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la london_n the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n &_o correctionem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularum_fw-la misteriarum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o have_v no_o court_n in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o court_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o patent_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n fol._n 119_o in_o the_o same_o report_n wherein_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o put_v sway_v the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o physician_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a offender_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o any_o court_n thereby_o and_o so_o if_o a_o commission_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o examine_v matter_n in_o a_o suit_n there_o depend_v and_o to_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n the_o same_o yet_o hereby_o these_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o court_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o commission_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o proper_a power_n of_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v the_o court_n for_o that_o cause_n eo_fw-la instant_n when_o it_o be_v in_o commission_n and_o one_o cause_o can_v uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la tempore_fw-la depend_v in_o several_a court_n neither_o have_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n any_o court_n nor_o the_o commissioner_n in_o the_o case_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o which_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la have_v not_o any_o court_n but_o only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o be_v all_o of_o they_o rather_o ministerial_a then_o judicial_a commission_n and_o so_o a_o court_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o eminent_a court_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a that_o court_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o three_o sort_n first_o by_o prescription_n second_o by_o charter-grant_a from_o the_o crown_n and_o three_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o the_o court_n hundred_o and_o leet_n begin_v by_o custom_n and_o so_o do_v the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster-hall_n 2._o court_n in_o corporation_n most_o of_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n by_o charter_n and_o 3._o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n be_v erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o in_o 32_o the_o other_o in_o 33_o hen._n 8._o but_o to_o bring_v the_o question_n near_a home_n to_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o additamentum_fw-la legibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la sewerarum_fw-la for_o they_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o law_n though_o perhaps_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o yet_o before_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o they_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n as_o by_o the_o perusal_n of_o that_o statute_n may_v be_v collect_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n hereafter_o ensue_v i_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o court._n first_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o ed._n 4._o cap._n 7._o and_o our_o very_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o justice_n and_o one_o can_v proper_o be_v a_o justice_n or_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o court._n second_o here_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o process_n for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v and_o direct_v all_o writ_n precept_n warrant_n and_o other_o commandment_n to_o all_o sheriff_n bailiff_n and_o other_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o that_o he_o that_o think_v 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o himself_o grieve_a may_v pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a and_o where_o there_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o where_o party_n grieve_v may_v come_v in_o and_o have_v remedy_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o they_o there_o be_v proper_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v they_o in_o but_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v the_o physician_n have_v no_o legal_a proceed_n and_o therefore_o party_n grieve_v can_v have_v no_o remedy_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o a_o court._n and_o three_o the_o chief_a reason_n wherefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n be_v because_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o be_v and_o be_v a_o court_n of_o great_a esteem_n power_n and_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o erect_v a_o new_a court_n in_o this_o case_n as_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o erect_v and_o find_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o first_o fruit_n the_o first_o will_v else_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o which_o primary_o it_o do_v belong_v and_o the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a revenue_n and_o want_v a_o court_n to_o direct_v or_o
give_v evil_a language_n to_o commissioner_n in_o court_n or_o disturb_v the_o peace_n there_o or_o hinder_v the_o business_n of_o the_o court_n in_o a_o turbulent_a fashion_n he_o may_v be_v by_o they_o fine_v or_o commit_v to_o prison_n or_o both_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o by_o 34_o h._n 6._o fol._n 24._o in_o every_o case_n when_o a_o man_n be_v fine_v he_o may_v be_v imprison_v and_o by_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 67_o in_o every_o case_n where_o one_o be_v imprison_v he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o 6._o 34_o h._n 6._o our_o law_n in_o express_a word_n give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o to_o set_v fine_n and_o then_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o say_a book_n ex_fw-la consequenti_fw-la they_o may_v imprison_v if_o one_o oppose_v against_o a_o law_n of_o sewer_n not_o legal_o in_o question_v the_o same_o but_o refractory_a contemn_v thereof_o or_o by_o dissuade_v person_n assess_v not_o to_o pay_v such_o or_o not_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o person_n be_v both_o fineable_a and_o imprisonable_a and_o if_o this_o be_v do_v in_o fancy_n curiae_fw-la it_o aggravate_v the_o contempt_n and_o this_o be_v the_o rebel_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o if_o one_o do_v refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o decree_n rule_n order_n of_o the_o court_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o affront_n of_o the_o commissioner_n when_o they_o be_v in_o execution_n of_o their_o commission_n this_o be_v a_o contempt_n and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v for_o such_o his_o disobedience_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o 37_o h._n 6._o fol._n 14._o in_o termino_fw-la pasche_n 12_o jac._n in_o the_o king_n bench_n the_o case_n 6._o 37._o h._n 6._o there_o be_v in_o debate_n between_o hitley_n and_o carier_n where_o certain_a jac._n 12_o jac._n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o northampton_n make_v a_o law_n that_o certain_a township_n in_o those_o county_n be_v assess_v to_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o town_n be_v rate_v to_o five_o pound_n and_o because_o the_o same_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n cause_v a_o warrant_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o say_a carrier_n to_o distrain_v for_o it_o and_o he_o distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o hetley_n one_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o hetley_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n against_o carier_n and_o arrest_v he_o thereupon_o and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v to_o sir_n anthony_n mildmay_n and_o sir_n john_n boyer_n knight_n and_o other_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o cause_v hetley_n to_o be_v attach_v by_o their_o warrant_n and_o commit_v he_o till_o he_o shall_v release_v his_o action_n bring_v against_o carier_n and_o until_o he_o shall_v be_v deliver_v out_o of_o the_o prison_n by_o warrant_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o they_o but_o afterward_o hetley_n procure_v a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o be_v remove_v where_o all_o the_o say_a matter_n appear_v and_o thereupon_o attachment_n be_v award_v against_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o sir_n john_n boyer_n appear_v be_v by_o cook_n chief_a justice_n crook_n dodderidg_n and_o houghton_n justice_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n bench_n prison_n and_o be_v fine_v two_o hundred_o pound_n but_o be_v after_o deliver_v exit_fw-la favore_fw-la regis_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la rigore_fw-la legis_fw-la and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o say_a commissioner_n in_o this_o case_n in_o make_v a_o warrant_n to_o attach_v hetley_n and_o in_o imprison_v of_o he_o for_o the_o say_a cause_n do_v exceed_o err_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o over-rule_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o great_a authority_n than_o they_o be_v of_o but_o this_o be_v no_o precedent_n to_o impeach_v the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o commit_v person_n offend_v their_o authority_n to_o prison_n if_o their_o proceed_n therein_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n but_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n not_o for_o execute_v their_o power_n but_o for_o exceed_v their_o limit_n and_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o commission_n if_o a_o collector_n or_o expenditor_n or_o other_o officer_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v negligent_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n and_o place_n he_o his_o fineable_a therefore_o though_o his_o offence_n be_v but_o neglect_n because_o he_o be_v a_o officer_n and_o be_v also_o swear_v to_o execute_v the_o same_o due_o but_o i_o take_v it_o a_o neglect_n in_o another_o ordinary_a person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o if_o one_o be_v rate_v to_o pay_v towards_o repair_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o the_o day_n and_o time_n appoint_v he_o be_v not_o fineable_a therefore_o but_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o collector_n or_o officer_n of_o sewer_n do_v distrain_v a_o man_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n contrary_a to_o a_o inhibition_n of_o sewer_n to_o he_o direct_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v &_o simile_n factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 33._o 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o if_o a_o purpresture_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o king_n stream_n as_o in_o fix_v pile_n or_o stake_n therein_o or_o in_o stop_v straighten_a or_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n from_o their_o ancient_a channel_n or_o course_n these_o offence_n be_v present_v the_o offender_n be_v fineable_a therefore_o if_o in_o the_o presentment_n they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v do_v vi_o &_o armis_fw-la or_o be_v present_v by_o the_o name_n of_o purpresture_n for_o by_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 8._o if_o the_o offence_n be_v do_v 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o with_o force_n and_o so_o present_v than_o the_o offender_n be_v fineable_a case_n beecher_n case_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v if_o the_o offence_n be_v not_o find_v but_o omit_v for_o then_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o dier_n 7_o eliz._n fol._n 240._o that_o for_o a_o purpresture_n one_o be_v fineable_a and_o a_o purpresture_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o aquis_fw-la regiis_fw-la as_o well_o 240._o 1_o eliz._n fol._n 240._o as_o in_o viis_fw-la regiis_fw-la by_o the_o opinion_n of_o glanvil_n and_o in_o keleways_n report_n fol._n 141._o and_o a_o purpresture_n be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o offence_n do_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o to_o his_o possession_n but_o if_o the_o like_a offence_n purpresture_n purpresture_n be_v do_v to_o a_o subject_a or_o to_o his_o land_n it_o be_v term_v a_o nusans_a nusans_n nusans_n the_o abbot_n of_o mellefont_n be_v fine_v for_o erect_v a_o be_v in_o the_o royal_a river_n of_o boyne_n in_o ireland_n which_o be_v express_v in_o the_o irish_a report_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o ban_n in_o ireland_n and_o this_o be_v a_o purpresture_n if_o one_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v a_o office_n of_o sewer_n be_v thereto_o due_o elect_v by_o the_o commissioner_n he_o be_v fineable_a therefore_o for_o in_o greslies_n case_n 8._o report_n one_o be_v elect_v case_n greslies_n case_n and_o choose_a constable_n do_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o office_n and_o he_o be_v fine_v and_o if_o a_o officer_n do_v misdemean_v himself_o in_o his_o office_n he_o be_v fineable_a for_o in_o 10_o h._n 6._o fol._n 6._o a_o tythingman_n do_v refuse_v 6._o 10._o h._n 6._o to_o make_v presentment_n be_v thereto_o require_v and_o he_o be_v fine_v therefore_o so_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n if_o one_o of_o the_o jury_n or_o which_o be_v a_o surveyor_n refuse_v to_o make_v presentment_n when_o he_o be_v require_v by_o the_o commissioner_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v so_o if_o a_o juror_n depart_v after_o he_o be_v swear_v on_o the_o jury_n or_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v after_o his_o appearance_n be_v record_v he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v and_o if_o a_o expenditor_n or_o collector_n officer_n of_o sewer_n be_v require_v by_o the_o court_n to_o account_v for_o the_o money_n receive_v and_o lay_v out_o by_o they_o and_o they_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o fine_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o writ_n or_o warrant_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o return_v a_o jury_n before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o he_o make_v no_o return_n thereof_o nor_o do_v not_o attend_v when_o he_o be_v require_v he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v by_o the_o commissioner_n also_o a_o officer_n of_o this_o court_n be_v fineable_a for_o falsity_n do_v by_o he_o in_o his_o office_n for_o these_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o that_o trust_n which_o the_o court_n repose_v in_o he_o at_o his_o election_n and_o entrance_n
into_o his_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n be_v great_a in_o he_o then_o in_o another_o man_n i_o have_v learn_v in_o book_n that_o a_o fine_a have_v these_o quality_n with_o it_o first_o the_o party_n in_o that_o case_n be_v imprisonable_a second_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o it_o be_v impose_v be_v not_o traversable_a be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n but_o if_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v by_o jury_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v traversable_a three_o all_o fine_n ought_v to_o be_v assess_v abate_v or_o increase_v in_o plena_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o not_o elsewhere_o four_o every_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o mind_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o ed._n 3._o cap_n 1._o do_v the_o justice_n of_o peace_n that_o those_o fine_n that_o they_o shall_v impose_v for_o any_o 3._o 34_o ed._n 3._o offence_n come_v before_o they_o shall_v be_v reasonable_a have_v respect_n to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o excessus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la qualibit_fw-la jure_fw-la reprobatur_fw-la communi_fw-la but_o because_o in_o godfry_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o commitment_n of_o the_o body_n to_o prison_n be_v incident_a to_o a_o fine_a as_o by_o a_o gapias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_n also_o may_v be_v collect_v yet_o i_o hold_v it_o questionable_a whether_o the_o fine_a shall_v precede_v the_o commitment_n or_o the_o commitment_n the_o fine_a but_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n i_o hold_v that_o this_o lie_v much_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o i_o find_v case_n and_o precedent_n both_o way_n for_o in_o 41_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 12._o a_o officer_n be_v imprison_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecerit_fw-la where_o the_o imprisonment_n precede_v the_o fine_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 25._o 6._o 7_o h._n 6._o and_o in_o 33_o h._n 6._o fol._n 21._o one_o be_v fine_v and_o after_o imprison_v for_o it_o and_o there_o the_o fine_a do_v precede_v the_o imprisonment_n 6._o 33_o h._n 6._o but_o upon_o all_o these_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o if_o one_o be_v fine_v and_o this_o fine_a may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o justices_z of_o the_o peace_n may_v do_v but_o not_o justice_n of_o sewer_n there_o the_o imprisonment_n may_v be_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecit_fw-la because_o the_o fine_a be_v leviable_a by_o they_o but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o levy_v but_o to_o extreat_v the_o fine_n into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n howsoever_o one_o before_o they_o may_v be_v both_o imprison_v and_o fine_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectibus_fw-la the_o one_o for_o the_o wrong_n do_v the_o other_o for_o the_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n as_o for_o example_n if_o one_o refuse_v to_o be_v a_o collector_n he_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n because_o hereby_o the_o commonweal_n be_v without_o a_o officer_n and_o he_o may_v also_o be_v imprison_v for_o disobey_v the_o justice_n command_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o lie_v much_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o inflict_v both_o the_o say_a punishment_n or_o one_o of_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therein_o precise_o limit_v by_o this_o statute_n amerciament_n amerciament_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_a as_o fine_n be_v for_o they_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o word_n miserecordia_fw-la which_o signify_v moderation_n &_o mercy_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n moderata_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la devise_v where_o one_o be_v outrageous_o ameree_v he_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o sue_v forth_o that_o writ_n which_o write_v and_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o grand_a charter_n charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 14._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amerciament_n be_v impose_v sed_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n say_v est_fw-la autem_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la domini_fw-la glauvil_n glauvil_n regis_fw-la qua_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciand_n '_o est_fw-fr and_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 48._o say_v quod_fw-la fleta_n fleta_n libre_fw-la home_n non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o with_o these_o agree_v bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 72._o and_o if_o the_o steward_n set_v a_o amerciament_n upon_o a_o bracton_n bracton_n man_n on_o his_o own_o head_n it_o be_v void_a by_o which_o authority_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v heretofore_o much_o marvel_v when_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n of_o sewer_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o set_v down_o amerciament_n without_o assistance_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o act_n of_o they_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o say_a great_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a authority_n of_o law_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o impose_v of_o fine_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o amerciament_n which_o be_v by_o jury_n or_o otherwise_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la so_o be_v there_o great_a diversity_n between_o the_o offence_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n and_o the_o other_o for_o if_o one_o do_v suffer_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n to_o fall_v into_o decay_n for_o want_v of_o repair_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v by_o frontage_n tenure_n custom_n or_o covenant_n he_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v amerce_v therefore_o and_o so_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a tie_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n goat_n getty_n sluice_n or_o to_o cleanse_v a_o river_n if_o the_o same_o by_o his_o neglect_n be_v leave_v undo_v or_o unrepaired_a he_o be_v therefore_o amerceable_a so_o if_o one_o be_v present_v for_o cast_v dirt_n sand_n ballast_n or_o other_o annoyance_n into_o the_o river_n or_o stream_n or_o for_o dig_v down_o the_o bank_n or_o for_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n thereof_o if_o the_o presentment_n do_v not_o express_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v with_o force_n or_o therein_o be_v want_v the_o word_n purpresture_n the_o party_n present_v be_v then_o but_o amerceable_a therefore_o so_o when_o one_o be_v tie_v to_o cleanse_v the_o river_n for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n or_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n if_o he_o suffer_v sand-bed_n to_o lie_v and_o choke_v up_o the_o channel_n he_o be_v amerceable_a and_o not_o fineable_a therefore_o for_o no_o permission_n sufferance_n neglect_n or_o nonfeasan_n can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o force_n because_o they_o consist_v not_o in_o agendo_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la in_o similibus_fw-la casibus_fw-la yet_o some_o case_n follow_v fall_n out_o of_o these_o rule_v pro_fw-la ut_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la as_o if_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a either_o by_o break_v in_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n or_o by_o a_o sudden_a flood_n or_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n after_o a_o rain_n that_o thereby_o the_o defence_n be_v break_v down_o or_o cause_v sand-bed_n or_o other_o nuisance_n to_o be_v these_o be_v present_v no_o man_n be_v amerceable_a therefore_o because_o the_o same_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o policy_n nor_o resist_v by_o strength_n in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o presentment_n be_v that_o i._o s._n ass_n 42_o lib._n ass_n have_v suffer_v tree_n to_o grow_v into_o the_o water_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o stream_n by_o reason_n whereof_o ship_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n award_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a but_o knivet_n justice_n say_v there_o that_o i._o s._n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v because_o the_o nusan_o be_v no_o act_n of_o he_o but_o the_o tree_n grow_v so_o natural_o of_o themselves_o but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v object_v to_o i_o can_v no_o amerciament_n be_v set_v but_o by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n yes_o i_o be_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o that_o be_v per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la as_o the_o law_n appoint_v and_o in_o a_o nonsuit_n we_o see_v daily_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v and_o this_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v assess_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n as_o appear_v in_o greisleys_n
debtor_n good_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_v and_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o other_o law_n also_o in_o another_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v use_v these_o word_n and_o the_o clerk_n by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v assign_v to_o have_v two_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la of_o the_o rate_n tax_n lot_n and_o waive_n as_o shall_v be_v assess_v or_o lose_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n to_o be_v levy_v or_o pay_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o very_a express_a letter_n of_o this_o law_n the_o tax_n sess_v and_o rate_n may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n which_o if_o they_o please_v may_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o offender_n good_n and_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o starute_n the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v do_v according_a to_o reason_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o firm_a and_o inviolable_a and_o therefore_o upon_o just_a cause_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v a_o law_n or_o ordinance_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o furtherance_n of_o this_o service_n and_o this_o be_v a_o law_n which_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v so_o profitable_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o good_a reason_n to_o extend_v the_o same_o and_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o as_o far_o as_o the_o letter_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o letter_n shall_v reach_v which_o may_v be_v as_o far_o as_o shall_v stand_v with_o reason_n and_o rule_n of_o other_o law_n statute_n custom_n and_o usage_n of_o other_o court_n which_o have_v power_n in_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o cause_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o precedent_n for_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 36_o &_o 37._o marsh_n ch._n romney_n marsh_n it_o be_v say_v in_o these_o word_n in_o a_o debate_n between_o hamo_fw-la and_o godfrey_n et_fw-la predictus_fw-la hamo_fw-la concessit_fw-la prose_n &_o aliis_fw-la quod_fw-la computabit_fw-la cor_fw-la '_o vigint_fw-fr '_o quatuor_fw-la jurat_fw-la '_o elect_n '_o de_fw-la patria_fw-la super_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la &_o averiis_fw-la cap_a '_o predicti_fw-la godfredi_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la repar_fw-la '_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la istius_fw-la placiti_fw-la usque_fw-la nunc_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la portionis_fw-la sibi_fw-la contingent_a interim_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la reparandum_fw-la sicut_fw-la predict_v '_o est_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o districtiones_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la hamo_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la satisfacient_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la quod_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la predicti_fw-la comput_fw-la '_o inter_fw-la eos_fw-la de_fw-fr surplusagio_fw-it recepto_fw-la de_fw-la averiis_fw-la venditis_fw-la predict_v '_o godfredi_n occasione_n predict_v '_o hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o hamo_fw-la the_o bailiff_n sell_v the_o cattle_n of_o godfrey_n to_o make_v the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o watergange_n and_o our_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n which_o by_o this_o precedent_n former_o vouch_v warrant_v the_o sale_n of_o good_n yet_o herein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o bailiff_n which_o distrain_v not_o exit_fw-la osficio_fw-la without_o a_o special_a warrant_n first_o direct_v to_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o commissioner_n make_v sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v for_o a_o lay_v tax_n or_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o be_v a_o good_a warrant_n for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o make_v a_o advise_v special_a law_n of_o sewer_n for_o sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v upon_o a_o just_a occasion_n before_o they_o direct_v any_o warrant_n exit_fw-la subito_fw-la to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o for_o any_o such_o purpose_n but_o now_o herein_o follow_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o consequence_n and_o worthy_a the_o handle_n that_o if_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n good_n may_v be_v sell_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o these_o work_n as_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v than_o who_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v be_v the_o question_n next_o to_o be_v decide_v wherein_o to_o be_v brief_a i_o be_o firm_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o good_n can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n sess_v and_o tax_v though_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o other_o man_n be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n sess_v to_o the_o repair_v for_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o consonant_a to_o reason_n nor_o that_o it_o stand_v with_o any_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v absolute_o take_v away_o from_o he_o and_o sell_v for_o the_o debt_n and_o default_n of_o another_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o case_n put_v in_o the_o 3_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 199._o may_v fit_o be_v apply_v to_o this_o point_n where_o eliz._n 3_o eliz._n a_o custom_n be_v allege_v for_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a which_o his_o tenant_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o if_o such_o best_a beast_n shall_v be_v esloyn_v that_o then_o he_o may_v have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a beast_n of_o any_o other_o levant_n and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o land_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o void_a custom_n as_o to_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n to_o be_v make_v subject_n to_o such_o a_o forfeiture_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v pursue_v my_o argument_n in_o discourse_v upon_o these_o distress_n and_o touch_v such_o matter_n as_o do_v depend_v thereon_o because_o in_o my_o experience_n i_o have_v find_v they_o the_o ready_a part_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o have_v heretofore_o behold_v much_o enormous_a proceed_n therein_o both_o in_o the_o commissioner_n and_o in_o their_o officer_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o very_o needful_a to_o have_v treat_v thereon_o for_o their_o better_a direction_n in_o these_o affair_n hereafter_o replevin_n yet_o as_o i_o find_v distress_n to_o be_v the_o most_o useful_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n so_o i_o have_v see_v the_o proceed_n therein_o much_o stay_v and_o interrupt_v by_o the_o usual_a sue_n of_o replevin_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o say_v distress_n take_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n have_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v much_o let_v and_o hinder_v thereby_o and_o therefore_o the_o five_o point_n in_o my_o case_n do_v minister_v a_o good_a occasion_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o serious_a examination_n of_o they_o and_o now_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v and_o where_o not_o and_o sure_o this_o point_n have_v heretofore_o be_v much_o stir_v in_o and_o not_o without_o some_o cause_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o replevin_n in_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o any_o other_o action_n shall_v be_v attempt_v against_o any_o person_n for_o take_v any_o distress_n or_o for_o any_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n that_o the_o defendant_n in_o such_o action_n may_v make_v avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n for_o the_o take_n of_o the_o say_a distress_n trespass_n or_o other_o act_n whereof_o the_o plaintiff_n complain_v be_v do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n for_o a_o lot_n or_o tax_n assess_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n or_o for_o other_o such_o act_n or_o cause_n as_o the_o defendant_n do_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o in_o what_o action_n can_v a_o man_n so_o proper_o make_v his_o avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n as_o in_o a_o replevin_n be_v a_o word_n only_o apt_a for_o that_o action_n and_o a_o distress_n be_v de_fw-fr sva_fw-la natura_fw-la proper_o replevisable_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o for_o direct_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n it_o appear_v in_o rook_n case_n that_o a_o replevin_n be_v there_o sue_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o distress_n take_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o must_v here_o distinguish_v for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o any_o of_o his_o deputy_n for_o that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o judicial_a court_n of_o record_n &_o of_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n which_o in_o these_o case_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o the_o high_a authority_n that_o he_o have_v be_v but_o vicontiel_n which_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n
h._n 4._o c._n 12._o say_v that_o he_o which_o be_v grieve_v let_v he_o have_v remedy_n and_o if_o the_o good_n of_o a_o man_n take_v for_o his_o tax_n or_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o sess_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o for_o more_o money_n than_o his_o sess_n come_v to_o the_o justices_z of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v the_o officer_n to_o restore_v the_o overplus_n et_fw-fr cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o rom._n marsh_n if_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n appoint_v the_o officer_n to_o take_v so_o many_o tree_n of_o i._o s._n at_o such_o a_o price_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o make_v a_o trench_n over_o the_o ground_n of_o i._o d._n and_o thereto_o erect_v something_o towards_o these_o action_n i._n s._n have_v remedy_n to_o come_v by_o his_o money_n in_o this_o court_n and_o the_o other_o party_n over_o who_o ground_n this_o trench_n be_v make_v may_v be_v relieve_v in_o recompense_n to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o for_o the_o hurt_n in_o his_o ground_n if_o laborer_n or_o workman_n as_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n diker_n or_o other_o person_n be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n they_o may_v by_o the_o same_o power_n recover_v their_o wage_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o original_a cause_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o this_o be_v there_o determinable_a as_o incident_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o court_n but_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o commission_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o precede_a case_n they_o do_v not_o then_o have_v this_o court_n no_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v thereon_o and_o i_o do_v ground_n this_o diversity_n upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o book_n case_n put_v in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o where_n it_o be_v say_v 3._o 1_o r._n 3._o that_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n although_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n happen_v which_o depend_v on_o the_o principal_a which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o temporal_a court_n yet_o accessarium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_v and_o these_o matter_n shall_v also_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o court_n christian_n and_o so_o if_o in_o a_o cause_n at_o the_o temporal_a law_n as_o in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n do_v arise_v depend_v on_o the_o principal_a cause_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n yet_o the_o temporal_a court_n shall_v continue_v his_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o and_o with_o this_o diversity_n agree_v kelleways_o rep._n kelleways_n rep._n report_n fol._n 110._o so_o in_o our_o court_n of_o sewer_n although_o a_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o proceed_n which_o if_o it_o stand_v mere_o of_o itself_o will_v not_o pertain_v ad_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o examen_fw-la notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o matter_n accidental_a and_o have_v his_o dependence_n upon_o a_o principal_a matter_n which_o be_v determinable_a in_o this_o court_n the_o other_o also_o shall_z a_o be_v here_o determinable_a exemption_n it_o may_v be_v a_o grand_a question_n whether_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v permit_v any_o exemption_n to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n and_o by_o the_o strict_a pen_n of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n it_o seem_v to_o oppose_v all_o such_o privilege_n and_o discharge_v as_o exemption_n be_v the_o ancient_a commission_n which_o be_v in_o the_o register_n and_o in_o fitz._n nat._n br._n be_v exceed_v strict_a for_o the_o word_n therein_o be_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la terrarum_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementum_fw-la seu_fw-la communiam_fw-la pasturae_fw-la seu_fw-la pischariae_fw-la habentibus_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vel_fw-la alteri_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la conditionis_fw-la status_fw-la aut_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la qui_fw-la defension_n '_o habere_fw-la potuerint_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o wallia_n guttur_fw-la as_o fossata_fw-la sueras_fw-la port_n calceta_fw-la &_o gurgite_n seu_fw-la etiam_fw-la damnum_fw-la per_fw-la trenchea_n predict_v '_o sustinent_fw-la vel_fw-la poterint_fw-la sustinere_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerint_fw-la infra_fw-la libertates_fw-la siuè_fw-la extra_fw-la non_fw-la parcantur_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n and_o all_o such_o which_o reap_v profit_n or_o sustain_v damage_n shall_v be_v assess_v which_o word_n seem_v not_o to_o admit_v of_o discharge_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o strict_a word_n of_o these_o commission_n there_o be_v some_o exemption_n though_o not_o express_v in_o word_n yet_o supply_v in_o reason_n and_o be_v to_o be_v add_v in_o construction_n first_o for_o the_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o seabank_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o reason_n exempt_v from_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n because_o they_o can_v take_v no_o safety_n thereby_o second_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v upon_o a_o assent_n and_o not_o on_o the_o level_n be_v also_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v from_o assess_v to_o be_v impose_v only_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n three_o where_o one_o or_o more_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o all_o other_o be_v in_o law_n and_o reason_n exempt_v four_o a_o parson_n &_o vicar_n with_o cure_n be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o their_o tithe_n and_o divers_a of_o the_o hereditament_n former_o mention_v in_o assess_v be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v five_o but_o whether_o one_o may_v be_v discharge_v and_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o any_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n be_v a_o great_a question_n of_o our_o case_n in_o regard_n both_o the_o old_a and_o new_a commission_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la parcatur_fw-la seem_v to_o toll_n all_o prescription_n and_o custom_n of_o discharge_n and_o to_o admit_v of_o none_o of_o they_o and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 31_o 32_o and_o 33._o bear_v the_o same_o exposition_n for_o there_o godfrey_n plead_v a_o plea_n to_o discharge_v he_o of_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o watergauge_n because_o he_o claim_v his_o land_n by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o also_o prescribe_v general_o in_o non_fw-la reparando_fw-la but_o he_o dare_v not_o abide_v his_o plea_n for_o there_o pag._n 39_o it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o have_v land_n shall_v contribute_v and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v spare_v and_o also_o pag._n 53._o be_v these_o word_n quod_fw-la starent_fw-la ordinationi_fw-la jurator_n '_o predictor_n '_o nulla_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la resistente_fw-la which_o word_n be_v direct_v in_o the_o point_n against_o such_o general_n discharge_v claim_v by_o blind_a custom_n yet_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v that_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n knight_n have_v a_o custom_n in_o his_o town_n and_o manor_n of_o mabblethorp_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v swiftage_n whereby_o he_o challenge_v to_o be_v free_v from_o be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o seabank_n because_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o manor_n there_o to_o do_v some_o other_o repair_v as_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n in_o such_o a_o special_a custom_n one_o may_v be_v exempt_v like_v to_o the_o case_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o one_o can_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n prescribe_v in_o a_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la yet_o in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la he_o may_v because_o there_o be_v some_o competent_a consideration_n give_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n one_o can_v general_o prescribe_v or_o allege_v a_o custom_n to_o be_v free_v and_o clear_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o sewer_n but_o by_o special_a custom_n he_o may_v as_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o my_o case_n do_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o refuse_v the_o say_v general_a plea_n of_o discharge_n tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n and_o so_o i_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v administer_v true_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o these_o law_n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la tertiae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la quarta_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o that_o the_o law_n maker_n make_v it_o not_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o care_n to_o have_v such_o person_n put_v in_o trust_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a wisdom_n and_o approve_a experience_n and_o because_o that_o person_n of_o profound_a wisdom_n deep_a experience_n try_v learning_n generous_a
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cor._n 14._o to_o speak_v and_o in_o grendon_n case_v in_o the_o comment_n fol._n 497._o dyer_n say_v that_o woman_n can_v not_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n nor_o be_v they_o permit_v to_o say_v divine_a service_n and_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o timothy_n verse_n 12._o he_o say_v we_o suffer_v not_o the_o woman_n tim._n 2_o tim._n to_o rule_v over_o the_o man_n but_o this_o last_o of_o timothy_n may_v be_v most_o apt_o apply_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n i_o remember_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n book_n of_o evesham_n this_o note_n worthy_a of_o observation_n quod_fw-la alicia_n peer_n regis_n miniona_fw-la supra_fw-la modum_fw-la mulierum_fw-la nimis_fw-la supergressa_fw-la svi_fw-la etiam_fw-la sexus_fw-la &_o fragilitatis_fw-la feminiae_fw-la immemor_fw-la nunc_fw-la justiciarios_fw-la regis_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la juxta_fw-la doctores_fw-la sedendo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la defension_n causarum_fw-la suadere_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_o postulare_fw-la minime_fw-la verebatur_fw-la unde_fw-la propter_fw-la scandalum_fw-la petierunt_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la in_o parliament_n '_o tent_n '_o an._n 50._o ed._n 3._o penitùs_fw-la amoveri_fw-la but_o hereby_o i_o collect_v that_o she_o be_v not_o in_o commission_n with_o the_o judge_n temporal_a or_o spiritual_a but_o be_v a_o favourite_n of_o the_o king_n and_o take_v upon_o she_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o business_n nothing_o concern_v she_o but_o whether_o the_o text_n mean_v it_o for_o a_o woman_n to_o sit_v judge_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v contra_fw-la modum_fw-la mulierum_fw-la or_o because_o she_o sit_v there_o to_o wrest_v righteous_a judgement_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o reader_n of_o that_o history_n for_o deborah_n be_v judge_n of_o israel_n and_o judge_v the_o people_n as_o the_o four_o of_o judge_n have_v it_o dyer_n indeed_o say_v in_o grendon_n case_n that_o divers_a church_n be_v appropriate_v to_o prioress_n and_o nannery_n whereof_o woman_n be_v 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yet_o it_o be_v clear_a a_o deputy_n do_v nothing_o in_o his_o own_o name_n but_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n or_o mistress_n therefore_o the_o martial_a court_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o their_o name_n but_o yet_o i_o will_v descend_v a_o step_n low_a do_v not_o our_o law_n temporal_a and_o spiritual_a admit_v of_o woman_n to_o be_v executrix_n and_o administratrix_n and_o hereby_o they_o have_v the_o rule_n or_o order_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o many_o time_n they_o be_v gardianess_n in_o chivalry_n and_o have_v thereby_o also_o the_o government_n of_o many_o great_a heir_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o in_o 10_o h._n 7._o a_o man_n devise_v his_o land_n to_o be_v sell_v by_o a_o 7_o 10_o h._n 7_o woman_n and_o die_v and_o she_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o her_o husband_n so_o by_o these_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n submit_v and_o commit_v many_o thing_n to_o their_o government_n yet_o the_o statute_n of_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v like_a to_o jethroe_n counsel_v to_o moses_n for_o there_o they_o speak_v of_o man_n to_o be_v justice_n and_o seem_v thereby_o to_o exclude_v woman_n but_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v commission_n of_o sewer_n shall_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o such_o person_n and_o person_n as_o the_o say_a lord_n shall_v appoint_v so_o the_o word_n person_n stand_v indifferent_o for_o either_o sex_n and_o therefore_o although_o by_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o sex_n they_o be_v unfit_a to_o travel_v and_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n uncapable_a of_o learning_n to_o direct_v in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o have_v be_v discreet_o spare_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n for_o the_o authority_n reason_n and_o cause_n aforesaid_a that_o this_o honourable_a countess_n be_v put_v into_o commission_n of_o the_o sewer_n the_o same_o be_v warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o ordinance_n and_o decree_n of_o sewer_n make_v by_o she_o and_o the_o other_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impeach_v for_o that_o cause_n of_o she_o sex_n and_o i_o conclude_v here_o that_o although_o in_o discretion_n woman_n have_v be_v seclude_v as_o unfit_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o law_n to_o be_v exclude_v as_o uncapable_a if_o a_o infant_n above_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o and_o under_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o be_v make_v a_o commissioner_n his_o infancy_n shall_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o disable_v the_o law_n make_v by_o he_o young_a daniel_n be_v judge_n over_o both_o the_o elder_n and_o in_o little_a brook_n fol._n the_o case_n be_v a_o parson_n or_o prebend_n be_v within_o age_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o his_o benefice_n and_o will_v but_o can_v not_o after_o avoid_v it_o for_o his_o nonage_n for_o see_v the_o church_n have_v make_v he_o of_o full_a age_n to_o discharge_v the_o spiritual_a
sewer_n and_o first_o when_o and_o which_o presentment_n of_o sewer_n be_v traversable_a and_o which_o not_o and_o then_o wherein_o a_o party_n wrong_v may_v have_v his_o justice_n in_o this_o court_n and_o in_o what_o case_n not_o and_o whether_o the_o strict_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n will_v admit_v of_o exemption_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o they_o that_o some_o be_v general_a other_o special_a and_o therein_o i_o end_v the_o three_o day_n exercise_v the_o four_o lecture_n the_o four_o day_n i_o treat_v of_o the_o ability_n and_o non-ability_n of_o the_o commissioner_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o personal_a defect_n whether_o it_o consist_v in_o sex_n exile_n or_o other_o impediment_n that_o way_n and_o what_o estate_n and_o value_n of_o land_n make_v one_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n and_o what_o do_v the_o contrary_a and_o the_o time_n when_o the_o commissioner_n must_v have_v this_o estate_n then_o i_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v valuable_a hereditament_n to_o enable_v a_o commissioner_n and_o which_o be_v not_o then_o i_o proceed_v to_o entreat_v of_o a_o commissioner_n ability_n in_o good_n and_o movable_a substance_n and_o which_o be_v movable_a substance_n within_o this_o statute_n and_o which_o not_o and_o because_o in_o the_o citizen-commissioner_n three_o thing_n be_v require_v to_o make_v he_o able_a viz._n freedom_n estate_n in_o good_n and_o resciancy_n i_o therefore_o handle_v full_o all_o these_o part_n thereof_o after_o all_o which_o because_o i_o have_v before_o this_o time_n no_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o let_n and_o impediment_n i_o therefore_o in_o this_o lecture_n dispose_v my_o case_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o take_v hold_v of_o they_o all_o and_o first_o because_o the_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o confirm_v all_o other_o former_a law_n concern_v the_o same_o i_o therefore_o repeat_v they_o all_o from_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o this_o very_a time_n and_o give_v a_o explanation_n or_o declaration_n of_o they_o all_o i_o then_o distribute_v the_o learning_n of_o these_o law_n into_o 3_o head_n first_o that_o these_o which_o have_v the_o strength_n of_o a_o custom_n and_o be_v grow_v to_o be_v particular_a inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n can_v not_o be_v extirp_v second_o and_o whereas_o some_o be_v new_o erect_v without_o authority_n they_o may_v be_v overthrow_v three_o and_o whereas_o some_o be_v ancient_a and_o be_v exalt_v above_o or_o beyond_o the_o ancient_a assize_n the_o excess_n may_v only_o be_v abate_v with_o these_o difference_n i_o satisfy_v these_o statute_n then_o come_v i_o to_o our_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o &_o therein_o i_o take_v new_a diversity_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o three_o clause_n of_o my_o statute_n the_o first_o do_v maintain_v the_o defence_n the_o second_o destroy_v the_o offence_n and_o the_o three_o be_v a_o general_a clause_n recite_v the_o defence_n and_o offence_n together_o and_o do_v give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n to_o reform_v or_o amend_v repair_n or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v wherein_o i_o publish_v this_o learning_n thereupon_o that_o if_o a_o old_a wall_n bank_n bridge_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v find_v to_o be_v out_o of_o use_n it_o may_v be_v extirp_v and_o if_o a_o be_v mill_n mildam_n stank_n stake_n pile_n or_o floodgate_n be_v find_v beneficial_a to_o the_o public_a good_a they_o may_v be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o i_o vouch_v some_o precedent_n at_o who_o charge_n the_o say_v let_n and_o impediment_n shall_v be_v remove_v and_o i_o end_v my_o argument_n with_o this_o in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v make_v unnavigable_a river_n navigable_a and_o and_o where_o not_o and_o in_o that_o i_o conclude_v my_o four_o exercise_n this_o be_v the_o extent_n of_o my_o account_n wherein_o i_o think_v i_o have_v do_v myself_o some_o wrong_n in_o make_v so_o short_a a_o breviate_v in_o omit_v many_o thing_n which_o i_o true_o take_v pain_n in_o but_o because_o you_o be_v all_o present_a and_o privy_a to_o my_o laying_n out_o i_o hope_v though_o i_o have_v omit_v they_o in_o my_o extreat_n you_o will_v allow_v i_o they_o in_o summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la but_o by_o your_o good_a favour_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o break_v custom_n or_o promise_n in_o any_o thing_n for_o i_o have_v some_o stock_n more_o leave_v which_o i_o tell_v you_o when_o i_o begin_v i_o have_v cast_v under_o hatch_n which_o now_o also_o i_o mean_v to_o distribute_v among_o you_o and_o because_o there_o be_v some_o part_n of_o this_o as_o yet_o leave_v untreat_v of_o i_o will_v now_o therefore_o proceed_v to_o the_o unfolding_n thereof_o and_o the_o same_o consist_v in_o these_o word_n of_o the_o law_n that_o the_o commissioner_n hereafter_o name_v in_o any_o commission_n according_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o same_o have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o ordinance_n so_o make_v to_o repeal_n reform_v amend_v and_o make_v new_a as_o the_o case_n necessary_a shall_v require_v in_o that_o behalf_n so_o that_o whereas_o other_o judge_n have_v power_n only_o jus_fw-la dicere_fw-la these_o commissioner_n have_v also_o power_n jus_fw-la facere_fw-la yet_o this_o statute_n give_v not_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n absolute_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n but_o secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la for_o these_o law_n which_o they_o be_v to_o make_v must_v be_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n and_o reformation_n and_o more_o than_o these_o they_o must_v be_v necessary_a and_o behooveful_a so_o they_o must_v not_o be_v make_v out_o of_o self-will_n and_o affection_n but_o after_o their_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n wherein_o i_o conceive_v that_o never_o a_o sentence_n in_o this_o statute_n be_v season_v with_o more_o variety_n of_o caveat_n and_o grave_a 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be_v wear_v out_o of_o use_n and_o be_v altogether_o unnecessary_a but_o in_o the_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o that_o a_o new_a one_o in_o another_o place_n be_v more_o convenient_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n this_o must_v be_v all_o do_v by_o a_o new_a law_n but_o here_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n will_v arise_v and_o another_o matter_n of_o great_a caution_n the_o matter_n of_o law_n will_v rest_v in_o this_o whether_o a_o ancient_a wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n which_o be_v grow_v out_o of_o use_n may_v be_v overthrow_v and_o pull_v down_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o may_v by_o the_o say_v three_o clause_n of_o the_o statuâ—e_n wherein_o power_n be_v give_v either_o to_o maintain_v they_o or_o to_o put_v they_o down_o but_o because_o i_o have_v former_o handle_v this_o point_n i_o will_v therefore_o proceed_v to_o the_o caution_n which_o be_v of_o great_a weight_n and_o importance_n for_o whereas_o one_o or_o more_o person_n be_v by_o tenure_n covenant_n custom_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v and_o tie_v to_o repair_v and_o maintain_v the_o say_v ancient_a bank_n wall_n sewer_z or_o other_o defence_n at_o their_o several_a and_o peculiar_a charge_n if_o then_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v make_v a_o law_n to_o overthrow_v or_o remove_v the_o same_o and_o shall_v execute_v the_o same_o according_o and_o then_o shall_v make_v a_o law_n to_o erect_v and_o build_v a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n in_o another_o place_n more_o convenient_a yet_o the_o party_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v &_o repair_v the_o former_a old_a defence_n shall_v not_o so_o be_v tie_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v and_o maintain_v these_o new_a erect_v one_o because_o by_o the_o destroy_n of_o the_o ancient_a wall_n and_o bank_n the_o prescription_n custom_n tenor_n and_o covenant_n be_v either_o utter_o dissolve_v or_o otherwise_o suspend_v
&_o the_o charge_n for_o the_o erect_n &_o maintain_v of_o the_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n so_o that_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n to_o be_v careful_a in_o these_o affair_n else_o thing_n in_o the_o conclusion_n may_v fall_v out_o contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n for_o it_o be_v well_o say_v that_o rerum_fw-la progressus_fw-la ostendunt_fw-la multa_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la nec_fw-la praecaveri_fw-la aut_fw-la praevideri_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o make_v new_a law_n and_o ordinanes_n these_o thing_n be_v also_o considerable_a first_o what_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v enact_v second_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v know_v then_o to_o weigh_v it_o well_o whether_o if_o it_o be_v make_v if_o then_o it_o will_v prove_v necessary_a and_o behooveful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o necessary_a point_n be_v to_o be_v scan_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advise_v of_o the_o most_o discreet_a and_o experience_a person_n and_o of_o the_o best_a try_a judgement_n in_o matter_n of_o this_o native_a and_o three_o to_o consider_v what_o charge_n the_o work_n will_v cost_v for_o the_o which_o this_o law_n must_v be_v make_v for_o in_o scripture_n he_o be_v not_o count_v sapient_a that_o before_o he_o build_v a_o house_n will_v not_o first_o count_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o and_o fourthly_a what_o person_n must_v bear_v this_o charge_n lest_o it_o prove_v too_o burdensome_a and_o this_o must_v be_v direct_v by_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o by_o the_o the_o safety_n and_o commodity_n they_o be_v to_o have_v by_o the_o work_n i_o observe_v also_o that_o this_o statute_n use_v three_o word_n which_o be_v all_o powerful_a in_o signification_n and_o operation_n videlicet_fw-la law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o i_o think_v it_o fit_v for_o i_o so_o near_o as_o i_o can_v both_o to_o deliver_v the_o definition_n of_o they_o and_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o a_o law_n a_o law_n be_v proper_o a_o matter_n which_o have_v take_v his_o essence_n and_o power_n by_o a_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v do_v or_o else_o be_v a_o matter_n act_v and_o enact_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n thereof_o for_o the_o order_n of_o man_n body_n land_n and_o good_n and_o such_o a_o law_n be_v hereby_o intend_a because_o the_o law_n which_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v make_v have_v the_o power_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o strengthen_v and_o assist_v they_o and_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v life_n and_o perfection_n from_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o ordinance_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o word_n have_v a_o more_o private_a and_o less_o powerful_a signification_n than_o the_o word_n law_n have_v for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n but_o of_o a_o secundary_a power_n enact_v by_o a_o corporation_n company_n or_o commission_n proceed_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n by_o charter_n grant_v or_o commission_n warrant_v the_o same_o as_o those_o corporation_n society_n and_o company_n which_o have_v power_n by_o charter_n or_o patent_n to_o make_v the_o same_o as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o london_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v also_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o court_n as_o in_o a_o court_n baron_n to_o make_v order_n or_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n by_o custom_n for_o the_o order_n of_o their_o commons_o repair_v of_o their_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o these_o be_v more_o proper_o by-law_n than_o law_n for_o a_o law_n be_v either_o the_o common_a law_n customary_a law_n or_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o which_o be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o any_o law_n make_v by_o these_o secundary_a mean_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o strength_n but_o as_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o other_o primary_n power_n decree_n a_o decree_n be_v neither_o a_o law_n nor_o ordinance_n in_o proper_a definition_n but_o be_v only_o a_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n deliver_v or_o declare_v by_o the_o judge_n there_o by_o and_o through_o the_o power_n &_o strength_n of_o a_o general_a former_a law_n for_o decretum_fw-la est_fw-la sententia_fw-la lata_fw-la super_fw-la legem_fw-la so_o that_o a_o law_n be_v a_o general_a direction_n for_o a_o multitude_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o subordinate_a direction_n proceed_v out_o of_o a_o more_o general_a power_n and_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o sentence_n deliver_v for_o or_o against_o a_o particular_a person_n ground_v upon_o the_o say_a law_n and_o ordinance_n continuance_n of_o law_n it_o come_v now_o fit_o for_o i_o in_o turn_n and_o course_n to_o declare_v the_o continuance_n of_o these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v but_o temporary_a though_o other_o perpetual_a the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v that_o every_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o concern_v the_o thing_n and_o matter_n therein_o mention_v as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o as_o of_o any_o of_o his_o progenitor_n not_o be_v contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n or_o heretofore_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n for_o ever_o and_o be_v command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o due_a execution_n but_o this_o clause_n be_v intend_v of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v touch_v the_o sewer_n and_o be_v not_o intend_v or_o mean_v of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n themselves_o law_n and_o decree_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n into_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n shall_v also_o stand_v good_a and_o effectual_a and_o all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o indent_a and_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n whereof_o the_o one_o part_n shall_v remain_v with_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o sewer_n and_o the_o other_o part_n to_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v appoint_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o be_v not_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n nor_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereto_o shall_v continue_v in_o force_n till_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v alter_v 9_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o repeal_v or_o make_v void_a by_o another_o commission_n of_o sewer_n although_o the_o former_a commission_n by_o the_o which_o these_o law_n be_v make_v be_v determine_v by_o supersedeas_fw-la the_o commission_n be_v to_o continue_v for_o ten_o year_n from_o the_o date_n thereof_o by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n yet_o notwithstanding_o el._n 13_o el._n all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n which_o be_v write_v in_o parchment_n indent_a and_o seal_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n without_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n or_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o shall_v notwithstanding_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o commission_n by_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_v ten_o year_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n next_o ensue_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o that_o time_n by_o six_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o two_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la but_o then_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v cease_v by_o the_o corn_v of_o a_o new_a commission_n of_o sewer_n all_o other_o law_n and_o ordinnce_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o make_v and_o write_v in_o paper_n or_o which_o be_v but_o in_o parchment_n and_o not_o indent_v or_o which_o be_v indent_v also_o if_o not_o seal_v continue_v in_o force_n no_o long_o than_o that_o commission_n continue_v by_o the_o power_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v and_o so_o by_o this_o short_a declaration_n i_o have_v make_v the_o commissioner_n may_v the_o better_o observe_v how_o long_a time_n law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o force_n yet_o though_o they_o lose_v their_o vigour_n they_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v revive_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o new_a commission_n or_o remain_v for_o precedent_n for_o after_o age_n to_o imitate_v repeal_n of_o law_n in_o this_o last_o place_n i_o intend_v to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n what_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n may_v be_v repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n or_o
alter_v former_a law_n it_o appear_v in_o esther_n that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v so_o perdurable_a as_o they_o can_v never_o be_v change_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v require_v as_o great_a foresight_n judgement_n and_o as_o sound_v discretion_n and_o mature_a deliberation_n in_o repeal_n of_o old_a law_n as_o in_o make_v new_a one_o for_o quae_fw-la preter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la &_o morem_fw-la major_n '_o fiunt_fw-la neque_fw-la placent_fw-la neque_fw-la recta_fw-la videmur_fw-la i_o have_v note_v how_o careful_o and_o constant_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n house_n be_v in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o when_o they_o all_o cry_v out_o aloud_o nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la see_v therefore_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a care_n in_o make_v law_n so_o must_v there_o be_v great_a heed_n take_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n and_o because_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n herein_o i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n how_o far_o that_o power_n will_v extend_v and_o if_o one_o note_v this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n well_o he_o shall_v well_o perceive_v the_o judicious_a care_n take_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o pen_v of_o it_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o ordinance_n omit_v the_o word_n decree_v to_o alter_v repeal_n and_o make_v void_a for_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o judgement_n and_o be_v finis_fw-la operis_fw-la and_o a_o judgement_n can_v be_v reverse_v without_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n neither_o can_v a_o sentence_n or_o a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n be_v reverse_v without_o a_o bill_n of_o review_n neither_o can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n judicious_o pronounce_v which_o be_v a_o judgement_n upon_o a_o trial_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n or_o betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n without_o a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v quod_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la unum_fw-la quod_n dissolvi_fw-la eo_fw-la ligamine_fw-la quo_fw-la ligatum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o writ_n of_o error_n lay_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n when_o the_o commission_n be_v in_o latin_a as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o register_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o special_a commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o since_o the_o commission_n be_v put_v into_o the_o english_a frame_n the_o writ_n of_o error_n cease_v a_o law_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o be_v not_o reversable_a without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o then_o the_o say_a sale_n must_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o form_n frame_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n b._n hold_v his_o land_n of_o i._o s._n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a towards_o the_o repair_n of_o such_o a_o bridge_n bank_n or_o wall_n it_o fortune_v that_o a._n b._n pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o that_o purpose_n who_o neglect_v to_o pay_v it_o though_o he_o be_v thereto_o order_v and_o assess_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a repair_n by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o seignory_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_o be_v to_o be_v decree_v and_o not_o the_o land_n for_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o i._o s._n and_o not_o in_o a._n b._n the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n if_o any_o person_n be_v by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v to_o repair_v wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n of_o sewer_n the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a any_o of_o these_o because_o these_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o their_o power_n be_v to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o their_o commission_n plain_o describe_v it_o for_o thereby_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o repeal_v alter_v and_o make_v void_a so_o they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o and_o no_o other_o and_o herein_o i_o end_v all_o my_o argument_n and_o discourse_n upon_o this_o statute_n for_o i_o account_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o remain_v unspoken_a of_o not_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o a_o reader_n dialect_n because_o i_o have_v full_o handle_v all_o the_o material_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v just_o â—â—â—clude_v my_o argument_n with_o this_o that_o finitum_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la â—_o consumatum_fw-la finis_fw-la