1._o c._n 31._o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n have_v the_o office_n of_o marischal_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n he_o make_v a_o deputy_n who_o permit_v the_o prisoner_n to_o escape_v adjudge_v that_o it_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o office_n but_o if_o the_o duke_n have_v make_v a_o grant_n for_o life_n to_o j.s._n and_o he_o have_v permit_v the_o prisoner_n to_o escape_v this_o have_v be_v no_o forfeiture_n but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o j._n s._n for_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o deputy_n the_o duke_n do_v remain_v marischal_n and_o so_o respondeat_fw-la superior_n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n j.s._n be_v marischal_n for_o his_o life_n and_o so_o shall_v forfeit_v only_o his_o own_o interest_n 39_o h._n 6.33_o 34._o where_o a_o office_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o he_o mis-use_a or_o do_v not_o his_o office_n this_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o it_o ibid._n when_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o franchise_n refuse_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o franchise_n or_o do_v a_o thing_n against_o his_o franchise_n or_o mis-use_a his_o franchise_n by_o himself_o or_o deputy_n or_o non-use_a his_o franchise_n in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o franchise_n shall_v be_v seize_v for_o when_o the_o king_n grant_v a_o franchise_n there_o be_v a_o condition_n in_o law_n that_o he_o shall_v do_v right_o to_o all_o party_n concern_v if_o not_o the_o franchise_n shall_v be_v seize_v 20_o e._n 4._o fol._n 5_o 6._o when_o one_o franchise_n be_v incident_a to_o another_o of_o common_a right_n than_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o one_o be_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o abuser_n of_o the_o court_n of_o pie_n powder_n may_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o fair._n so_o when_o the_o franchise_n be_v one_o of_o they_o subordinate_a to_o another_o but_o otherwise_o when_o they_o be_v absolute_a or_o by_o several_a title_n or_o patent_n h._n 17._o jac._n b_o r._n if_o one_o have_v a_o fair_a or_o market_n for_o one_o day_n and_o he_o keep_v it_o another_o day_n as_o when_o a_o grant_n or_o prescription_n be_v for_o wednesday_n and_o he_o keep_v it_o on_o thursday_n it_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n so_o when_o a_o fair_a or_o market_n be_v grant_v to_o one_o for_o one_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o he_o keep_v it_o two_o day_n but_o in_o the_o last_o case_n the_o forfeiture_n shall_v be_v only_o of_o that_o he_o have_v usurp_v cok._n lib._n 9_o fol._n 50.22_o ass_n 34._o old_a n._n b._n fol._n 157._o if_o a_o man_n keep_v a_o fair_a or_o market_n two_o day_n and_o be_v question_v by_o the_o king_n for_o it_o and_o claim_v both_o day_n by_o the_o king_n grant_v and_o it_o be_v afterward_o find_v that_o he_o have_v right_o but_o to_o one_o day_n by_o prescription_n and_o to_o another_o by_o patent_n and_o the_o first_o be_v find_v against_o he_o this_o will_v be_v no_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o last_o lib._n 9_o fol._n 50._o in_o some_o case_n for_o the_o abuser_n of_o a_o franchise_n one_o shall_v be_v fine_v only_o and_o not_o forfelt_a his_o franchise_n so_o for_o the_o usurp_a of_o a_o franchise_n where_o none_o be_v or_o of_o more_o than_o be_v due_a but_o to_o take_v less_o than_o be_v due_a be_v no_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n break_v tit._n forfeiture_n n._n 37._o 14_o h._n 3._o the_o archbishop_n of_o dublin_n be_v fine_v three_o hundred_o mark_n for_o that_o he_o do_v dis-forest_n a_o forest_n of_o the_o church_n 2_o h._n 4.3_o lib._n 11._o lyfords_n case_n by_o a_o ancient_a record_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o end_n of_o erect_v of_o corporation_n and_o make_v and_o establish_v of_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a be_v 1._o ad_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o jus_o common_a &_o dignitates_fw-la coronae_fw-la conservand_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o dignity_n and_o preeminency_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 2._o ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la gentium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o for_o keep_v the_o king_n peace_n in_o time_n of_o sudden_a uproar_n 3._o ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n against_o outward_a and_o inward_a hostility_n if_o a_o corporation_n may_v be_v forfeit_v a_o corporation_n may_v be_v forfeit_v corporation_n be_v call_v liberty_n franchise_n as_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o non_fw-la omittas_fw-la propter_fw-la aliquam_fw-la libertatem_fw-la regist_n 82._o f._n n.b._n 74._o a._n and_o by_o that_o name_n have_v be_v oust_v by_o the_o surrender_n of_o all_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n a_o corporation_n be_v go_v coke_n entry_n fol._n 527._o palm_n rep._n fol._n 493._o cives_fw-la london_n petunt_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la vetit_fw-la it_o concedere_fw-la prestinum_fw-la statum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la majororem_fw-la &_o antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la inde_fw-la consihum_fw-la quia_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_fw-la bono_fw-mi statu_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la videtur_fw-la &_o hac_fw-la vice_fw-la statum_fw-la non_fw-la mutabit_fw-la inter_fw-la les_fw-fr petition_n de_fw-fr parliament_n 18_o e._n 3.1_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n petition_v the_o king_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o grant_v to_o they_o their_o former_a state_n that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o mayor_n and_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o king_n give_v they_o this_o answer_n that_o he_o be_v not_o advise_v to_o it_o because_o they_o be_v in_o a_o good_a state_n and_o condition_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o he_o at_o pro_fw-la hac_fw-la vice_fw-la he_o will_v not_o alter_v or_o change_v the_o city_n of_o norwich_n and_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n for_o burn_v of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n there_o but_o afterward_o upon_o their_o petition_n and_o pay_v a_o great_a fine_a their_o liberty_n be_v restore_v to_o they_o 13_o e._n 1._o rot._n fin._n m._n 10._o quia_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la southampton_n verberaverunt_fw-la &_o vulneraverunt_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la morrem_fw-mi gilb._n canon_n qui_fw-la exequahatur_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o dicta_fw-la villa_n pro_fw-la transgressione_n villae_fw-la capta_n fuit_fw-la villa_n ista_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o finem_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o firmam_fw-la svam_fw-la exaltaverunt_fw-la ad_fw-la 20_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la roll_n abridgm_n part_n 2._o tit._n prerog_n fol._n 204._o because_o the_o man_n of_o southampton_n do_v beat_v and_o wound_v even_o to_o death_n gilb._n canon_n who_o do_v execute_v the_o mandate_n of_o the_o king_n in_o that_o town_n for_o the_o offence_n and_o transgression_n of_o the_o say_a town_n the_o say_a town_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o they_o pay_v a_o fine_a and_o their_o fee-farm_n rent_n be_v advance_v to_o 20_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la guilielmo_n de_fw-fr haverhall_n the_o saurario_fw-la regis_fw-la quod_fw-la civitas_n london_n capiatur_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la cives_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la non_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la hutesium_fw-la &_o clamorem_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la wondestock_n 22_o die_v angusti_fw-la rot._n claus_n 30._o h._n 3._o m._n 5._o inst_z part_v 3_o fol._n 118._o william_n de_fw-fr haverhall_n treasurer_n of_o the_o king_n be_v command_v that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n for_o that_o the_o citizen_n of_o the_o say_a city_n do_v not_o make_v hue_n and_o cry_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 29_o e._n 3._o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o oxford_n seize_v for_o a_o riot_n and_o part_n of_o they_o grant_v to_o the_o university_n which_o they_o do_v enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n rot._n claus_n 29_o e._n 3._o m._n 9_o and_o in_o the_o 32_o h._n 3._o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o oxford_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n 32_o h._n 3._o m._n 18._o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o mayor_n bailiff_n and_o commonalty_n of_o cambridge_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n for_o that_o in_o the_o late_a tumult_n and_o uproar_n there_o they_o and_o other_o misdoer_n do_v break_v up_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n and_o thereout_o take_v and_o burn_v sundry_a the_o charter_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o say_a university_n and_o for_o that_o they_o compel_v the_o chancellor_n and_o scholar_n of_o the_o say_a university_n under_o their_o common_a seal_n to_o release_v to_o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o burgess_n all_o manner_n of_o liberty_n and_o also_o all_o action_n real_a and_o personal_a and_o further_o to_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o chancellor_n and_o scholar_n aforesaid_a within_o the_o say_a town_n of_o cambridge_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o same_o divers_a
6._o fol._n 47._o a._n inst_z part_n 2._o fol._n 570._o the_o next_o thing_n which_o fall_v into_o consideration_n be_v how_o far_o the_o act_n of_o the_o common_a council_n shall_v bind_v the_o corporation_n 1._o the_o act_n of_o the_o common_a council_n shall_v bind_v the_o corporation_n for_o that_o court_n have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o consist_v of_o two_o house_n the_o one_o of_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n the_o other_o of_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o commons_o assembly_n represent_v the_o commonalty_n of_o london_n in_o this_o court_n they_o may_v make_v constitution_n and_o law_n for_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o traffic_n for_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o nation_n or_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o for_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o city_n so_o those_o constitution_n and_o law_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o be_v make_v by_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o commonalty_n do_v bind_v within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o inst_z part_n 4._o fol._n 249._o lib._n 5.62_o 63._o the_o chamberlain_n case_n lib._n 8.173_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 14_o h._n 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o dean_n and_o major_a part_n of_o the_o chapter_n make_v the_o corporation_n and_o their_o act_n be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o corporation_n although_o the_o other_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o it_o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 9_o so_o in_o the_o 21_o e._n 4.27.70_o b._n it_o be_v say_v ubi_fw-la major_n pars_fw-la ibi_fw-la tota_fw-la 9_o h._n 6.32_o if_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o corporation_n do_v imprison_v the_o minor_a part_n until_o they_o consent_v to_o do_v a_o act_n although_o they_o do_v not_o consent_v yet_o the_o act_n do_v by_o the_o major_a part_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o its_o the_o act_n of_o the_o corporation_n 15_o e._n 4._o fol._n 2._o and_o with_o this_o agree_v panormitan_n c._n cum_fw-la in_o cunctis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la authoritas_fw-la &_o protestas_fw-la capituli_fw-la consislit_fw-la in_o majori_fw-la parte_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la totum_fw-la capitulum_n facere_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la major_a pars_fw-la facit_fw-la davyes_n rep._n fol._n 48._o therefore_o i_o agree_v that_o if_o the_o minor_a part_n of_o a_o corporation_n accept_v of_o a_o new_a charter_n it_o shall_v not_o bind_v the_o corporation_n t._n 13._o jac._n baggs_n case_v roll_n rep._n part_n 1_o fol._n 224._o yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o act_n of_o one_o or_o of_o some_o few_o of_o the_o corporation_n will_v bind_v the_o rest_n do_v not_o the_o corporation_n of_o sandwich_n for_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o john_n dennis_n the_o then_z mayor_z thereof_o in_o a_o high_a measure_n suffer_v and_o be_v thereof_o convict_v be_v not_o the_o judgement_n thereupon_o quod_fw-la communitas_fw-la amittat_fw-la libertatem_fw-la the_o command_n of_o the_o mayor_n only_o to_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o corporation_n to_o enter_v into_o certain_a land_n for_o the_o corporation_n though_o it_o be_v without_o deed_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o bind_v the_o corporation_n 16_o h._n 7.2_o a_o sum_n of_o 100_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v due_a to_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o southampton_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o king_n a_o acquittance_n by_o the_o mayor_n alone_o because_o he_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o corporation_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o for_o that_o there_o be_v show_v many_o prsident_n of_o acquittance_n by_o the_o mayor_n make_v in_o time_n past_a 2_o r._n 3._o fol._n 7._o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o provost_n and_o scholar_n of_o a_o college_n in_o c._n for_o that_o t._n m._n their_o late_a provost_n and_o predecessor_n of_o the_o def._n and_o the_o scholar_n by_o f._n their_o servant_n buy_v certain_a good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n which_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o college_n by_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o contract_n be_v good_a and_o shall_v be_v intend_v the_o contract_n of_o the_o provost_n only_o and_o the_o name_n of_o scholar_n be_v but_o surplusage_n for_o the_o contract_n of_o the_o provost_n and_o for_o that_o it_o come_v to_o the_o use_v of_o the_o college_n be_v sufficient_a 5_o e._n 4.7_o brok._n corporation_n n._n 53._o a_o writ_n of_o covenant_n be_v bring_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n d'_fw-fr h._n against_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o d._n and_o declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n by_o their_o deed_n covenant_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v be_v free_a of_o murage_n pontage_n custom_n and_o toll_n in_o d._n of_o all_o those_o of_o h._n and_o that_o they_o have_v unjust_o take_v toll_n by_o certain_a of_o their_o burgess_n of_o certain_a of_o the_o burgess_n of_o h._n etc._n etc._n adjudge_v that_o the_o prisal_n and_o take_n by_o their_o common_a minister_n be_v a_o take_n of_o the_o whole_a corporation_n for_o it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v intend_v that_o the_o whole_a community_n can_v meet_v together_o to_o take_v toll_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v adjudge_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o covenant_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v that_o he_o be_v their_o minister_n by_o specialty_n sub_fw-la communi_fw-la sigillo_fw-la corporationis_fw-la 48_o e._n 3._o ful._n 17._o i_o do_v agree_v that_o where_o there_o be_v garden_n and_o chaplin_n mayor_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o the_o like_a the_o garden_n mayor_n or_o dean_n sole_o can_v make_v a_o lease_n nor_o discontinue_v for_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o whole_a corporation_n and_o by_o deed_n 21_o e._n 4.70_o but_o if_o the_o king_n make_v a_o corporation_n consist_v of_o twelve_o man_n to_o continue_v for_o ever_o in_o succession_n when_o any_o of_o they_o die_v that_o the_o rest_n may_v choose_v other_o in_o their_o place_n if_o three_o or_o four_o of_o they_o die_v yet_o all_o act_n do_v by_o they_o shall_v be_v valid_a in_o law_n roll_v abridgement_n part_v 2._o fol._n 514._o by_o which_o it_o do_v appear_v by_o what_o act_v a_o corporation_n be_v bind_v but_o when_o those_o thing_n be_v act_v and_o do_v in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o say_a city_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o which_o be_v representative_a of_o all_o the_o free_a man_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n they_o must_v in_o a_o more_o eminent_a degree_n bind_v the_o corporation_n we_o shall_v observe_v 4._o what_o those_o act_n be_v 1._o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o say_a city_n of_o london_n have_v assume_v a_o unlawful_a and_o unjust_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o levy_v money_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n to_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n assume_v by_o colour_n of_o the_o law_n or_o ordinance_n by_o they_o in_o fact_n ordain_v without_o any_o other_o right_o title_n or_o authority_n and_o in_o particular_a in_o their_o common_a council_n assemble_v they_o do_v make_v and_o publish_v a_o certain_a law_n by_o they_o in_o fact_n enact_v for_o levy_v several_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o all_o his_o majesty_n subject_n and_o liege_n people_n as_o well_o free_a as_o not_o free_a man_n of_o the_o say_a city_n and_o of_o other_o foreigner_n at_o the_o public_a market_n hold_v within_o the_o city_n aforesaid_a come_v thither_o to_o sell_v their_o victual_n and_o provision_n 2._o that_o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o say_a city_n in_o their_o common_a council_n assemble_v without_o any_o legal_a authority_n do_v assume_v upon_o themselves_o to_o censure_n and_o judge_v our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o prorogation_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o and_o there_o be_v so_o assemble_v in_o their_o common_a council_n do_v vote_n and_o ordain_v that_o a_o certain_a petition_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o commons_o of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o the_o common_a council_n assemble_v shall_v be_v exhibit_v to_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n in_o which_o petition_n there_o be_v contain_v that_o by_o the_o say_a prorogation_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o public_a justice_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o make_v necessary_a provision_n for_o his_o majesty_n protestant_a subject_n be_v obstruct_v and_o they_o do_v order_n the_o imprint_n of_o the_o same_o and_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v publish_v and_o disperse_v we_o shall_v inquire_v whether_o these_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v warrantable_a by_o law_n or_o not_o i_o do_v agree_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o constitution_n
the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o examine_v the_o charter_n of_o particular_a corporation_n and_o company_n exemplify_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v power_n to_o examine_v the_o charter_n of_o corporation_n may_v appearent_a by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n which_o will_v manifest_o make_v it_o apparent_a for_o if_o the_o prince_n have_v power_n on_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o franchise_n of_o a_o aggregate_v corporation_n to_o seize_v on_o their_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n how_o then_o can_v it_o become_v a_o question_n whether_o he_o can_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n examine_v the_o charter_n of_o particular_a corporation_n and_o company_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n he_o can_v do_v the_o former_a be_v here_o illustrate_v and_o therefore_o his_o power_n can_v be_v deficient_a in_o the_o late_a in_o disquisition_n therefore_o of_o this_o case_n we_o shall_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o a_o corporation_n be_v a_o corporation_n be_v either_o sole_a as_o bishop_n parson_n 39_o h._n 6.14_o 7._o e._n 4.12_o or_o aggregate_v as_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n a_o corporation_n aggregate_v be_v a_o lawful_a society_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o man_n constitute_v by_o the_o king_n with_o divers_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n 11_o h._n 7.27_o fitz_n grant_v 30._o summa_fw-la hostiensis_n fol._n 60._o all_o corporation_n have_v their_o origination_n and_o essence_n from_o the_o king_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o illegal_a society_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 9_o h._n 6.16_o b._n lib._n 10._o fol._n 26.33_o inst_z part_v 3_o fol._n 202._o lib._n 8._o fol._n 125._o one_o corporation_n can_v make_v another_o by_o usage_n or_o prescription_n 40_o e._n 3._o fol._n 3._o â—9_n ass_n 8._o brok._n corporation_n n._n 45._o neither_o can_v â—â—e_z king_n give_v licence_n to_o any_o one_o to_o make_v a_o corporation_n lib._n 10._o fol._n 27._o b._n but_o one_o corporation_n may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o another_o by_o the_o king_n 9_o e._n 3._o fol._n 18._o the_o king_n may_v if_o he_o please_v make_v a_o limit_a corporation_n or_o a_o corporation_n to_o a_o special_a purpose_n as_o to_o take_v and_o not_o to_o give_v oâ—_n conditional_a to_o pay_v rent_n etc._n etc._n p._n 11._o jac._n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr excheq_fw-fr st._n saviour_n case_n 21_o e._n 4.59_o 2_o h._n 7.13_o dy._n fol._n 100_o a._n if_o the_o king_n grant_v hominibus_fw-la de_fw-fr dale_n to_o be_v quit_v of_o toll_n they_o be_v a_o corporation_n to_o that_o purpose_n 21_o e._n 4.55_o 56._o the_o king_n grant_v civibus_fw-la de_fw-la norwico_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la ponantur_fw-la in_o juratis_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o grant_n be_v good_a and_o make_v they_o a_o corporation_n 21_o e._n 4.55_o 56._o 2_o h._n 13._o 7_o h._n 4.44_o when_o a_o corporation_n be_v right_o create_v all_o incident_n be_v tacit_a annex_v to_o it_o lib._n 10._o fol._n 30._o b._n st._n saviour_n case_n if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o corporation_n and_o do_v not_o give_v any_o express_a power_n in_o the_o letter_n patent_n to_o make_v law_n or_o ordinance_n yet_o this_o power_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o corporation_n and_o be_v include_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o incorporate_n as_o be_v also_o the_o power_n to_o sue_v to_o purcase_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o law_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o subordinate_a to_o it_o heb._n rep._n fol._n 285._o therefore_o every_o law_n make_v by_o any_o corporation_n aught_o to_o be_v 1._o remedium_fw-la congruum_fw-la a_o fit_a remedy_n to_o redress_v the_o mischief_n 2._o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la &_o rationi_fw-la consonum_fw-la consonant_a to_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n 3._o pro_fw-la communi_fw-la utilitate_fw-la civium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la for_o the_o public_a profit_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o other_o the_o good_a subject_n of_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o ordinance_n or_o law_n by_o they_o make_v pro_fw-la privato_fw-la lucro_fw-la and_o not_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la for_o private_a advantage_n and_o not_o for_o the_o public_a good_a be_v void_a lib._n 5._o m._n 32._o &_o 33._o eliz._n br_n chamberline_n de_fw-fr lond._n case_n hob._n rep._n fol._n 212._o p._n 14._o jac._n rot._n 907._o norris_n &_o stamp_n a_o franchise_n or_o liberty_n be_v a_o royal_a privilege_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_a of_o some_o benefit_n power_n or_o freedom_n that_o person_n or_o place_n have_v above_o other_o crompt_v juris_fw-la fol._n 241._o franchise_n be_v real_a or_o personal_a franchise_n real_a be_v privilege_n annex_v and_o give_v by_o the_o king_n to_o some_o place_n as_o county_n palatine_n corporation_n lamb._n eâ—ren_n lib._n 1._o c._n 9_o plough_v fol._n 123._o crompt_v juris_fw-la 137._o franchise_n personal_a which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o some_o person_n or_o person_n as_o exemption_n from_o juries_n from_o toll_n 21_o e._n 4.55_o 56._o all_o franchise_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o crown_n but_o now_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n be_v claim_v and_o have_v in_o some_o case_n by_o prescription_n inst_z part_v 1_o fol._n 114._o lib._n 9_o fol._n 23._o bolt_n part_v 1_o fol._n 57_o part_n 2._o fol._n 235._o moor_n rep._n c._n 918._o if_o a_o corporation_n claim_v some_o privilege_n by_o charter_n and_o other_o by_o prescription_n and_o so_o couclude_v et_fw-la eo_fw-la warranto_fw-la utitur_fw-la it_o be_v good_a in_o law_n mores_n rep._n c._n 443._o among_o franchise_n some_o be_v more_o royal_a as_o the_o franchise_n of_o county_n palatine_n etc._n etc._n other_o less_o royal_a as_o market_n fair_n etc._n etc._n of_o these_o some_o lie_n in_o do_v as_o to_o make_v justice_n of_o peace_n to_o pardon_v felony_n etc._n etc._n some_o lie_n in_o have_v as_o the_o good_n of_o felon_n of_o fugitive_n wayse_n estray_v dy._n fol._n 44._o plough_v com._n fol._n 169._o other_o do_v lie_v in_o discharge_n as_o exemption_n from_o payment_n of_o subsidy_n etc._n etc._n henry_n the_o six_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n 20_o h._n 6._o grant_v to_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la college_n in_o oxon_n that_o they_o and_o their_o successor_n and_o their_o tenant_n shall_v be_v discharge_v of_o payment_n of_o toll_n for_o pontage_n and_o passage_n in_o every_o place_n within_o england_n and_o adjudge_v to_o be_v good_a t._n 43._o ch._n b_o r._n enter_v wood_n &_o hawksel_n roll_n abr._n tit._n prerog_n l._n 2._o fol._n 198._o the_o isle_n of_o guernsey_n for_o eight_o year_n be_v discharge_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o toll_n exaction_n and_o custom_n rot._n parl._n 14._o r._n 2._o n._n 30._o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v free_a and_o quit_v of_o all_o toll_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n for_o all_o thing_n concern_v husbandry_n and_o sustenance_n inst_z part_n 4._o fol._n 269._o 21_o e._n 4.59_o some_o franchise_n may_v be_v forfeit_v 1._o by_o a_o non-use_a some_o 2._o by_o a_o refuser_n and_o other_o 3._o by_o a_o abuser_n or_o mis-use_a 1._o by_o non-use_a as_o those_o franchise_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o one_o have_v a_o leet_n to_o keep_v and_o never_o keep_v it_o or_o a_o clerk_n of_o a_o market_n who_o never_o attend_v his_o office_n these_o by_o non-use_a be_v forfeit_v the_o non-use_a of_o a_o fair_a or_o market_n be_v no_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n 2_o h._n 7._o fol._n 11._o but_o the_o non-pursuit_n or_o arrest_v of_o felon_n by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o franchise_n it_o may_v cause_v a_o forfeiture_n 3_o e._n 1._o c._n 9_o 39_o h._n 6.33_o 34._o 2._o refuser_fw-fr the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n have_v a_o gaol_n wherein_o divers_a man_n be_v imprison_v and_o because_o he_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v they_o but_o detain_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v acquit_v of_o felony_n after_o their_o fee_n pay_v the_o king_n seize_v the_o gaol_n for_o ever_o 20_o e._n 4.6_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n to_o have_v a_o gaol-delivery_n and_o divers_a person_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o gaol_n for_o felony_n and_o because_o the_o abbot_n will_v not_o be_v at_o cost_n to_o make_v deliverance_n he_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n long_a time_n without_o make_v lawful_a deliverance_n the_o abbot_n have_v for_o that_o cause_n forfeit_v his_o franchise_n and_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n 8_o h._n 4.18_o 20_o e._n 4.6_o brok._n tit._n forfeiture_n inst_z part._n 2._o fol._n 43._o 3._o abuser_n or_o mis-use_a if_o a_o corporation_n have_v franchise_n and_o abuse_v or_o mis-use_a they_o they_o may_v be_v forfeit_v inst_z part_v 1_o fol._n 183._o the_o same_o law_n if_o they_o take_v for_o murage_v more_o than_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v by_o their_o grant_n west_n
all_o of_o the_o family_n kindred_n and_o society_n to_o revenge_v and_o tend_v to_o quarrel_n verba_fw-la movent_fw-la litem_fw-la lie_fw-la vulnera_fw-la vulnera_fw-la mortem_fw-la against_o a_o subordinate_a magistrate_n it_o be_v a_o great_a offence_n because_o it_o scandalise_v the_o government_n for_o injuria_fw-la crescit_fw-la &_o decrescit_fw-la secundum_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la personae_fw-la but_o against_o the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la it_o be_v a_o crime_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n and_o how_o fatal_a and_o pernicious_a the_o publish_n of_o scandal_n and_o libel_n have_v be_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o to_o their_o good_a subject_n this_o nation_n be_v very_o sensible_a 7_o e._n 1._o the_o king_n send_v commission_n to_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o inquire_v de_fw-fr spersoribus_fw-la rumorum_fw-la and_o 25_o e._n 1._o declaratio_fw-la regis_fw-la missa_fw-la fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la comitatus_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la purgando_fw-la de_fw-la certis_fw-la rumoribus_fw-la iniquis_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ortis_fw-la etc._n etc._n rot._n parl._n 7_o e._n 1._o m._n 13._o rot._n patent_n 25_o e._n 1._o pars_fw-la 2._o m._n 7._o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n be_v send_v to_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o purge_v he_o of_o certain_a false_a and_o unjust_a rumour_n and_o scandal_n raise_v against_o he_o rex_fw-la mandavit_fw-la majori_fw-la &_o vicecomit_n london_n quod_fw-la facta_fw-la inquisitione_n de_fw-la sparsoribus_fw-la rumorum_fw-la &_o seditionem_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la ipsas_fw-la caperent_fw-la &_o in_o prisona_fw-la de_fw-fr newgate_n detinerent_fw-la 20_o e._n 3._o pars_fw-la 1._o m._n 18._o &_o 26._o the_o king_n command_v the_o major_a and_o sheriff_n of_o london_n that_o they_o make_v diligent_a inquisition_n of_o the_o spreader_n of_o false_a report_n and_o sedition_n in_o the_o city_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v seize_v upon_o they_o and_o keep_v they_o in_o the_o prison_n of_o newgate_n as_o for_o the_o petition_n imprint_v and_o publish_v by_o the_o major_n alderman_n and_o citizen_n i_o hope_v it_o be_v act_v by_o many_o of_o they_o out_o of_o a_o principle_n of_o piety_n and_o loyalty_n but_o must_v needs_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o action_n of_o no_o great_a discretion_n in_o they_o to_o say_v no_o worse_o for_o to_o make_v such_o ill_a reflection_n upon_o his_o majesty_n when_o the_o king_n by_o his_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v justice_n and_o nulli_fw-la negavimus_fw-la be_v one_o of_o his_o royal_a attribute_n ob._n but_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o no_o act_n bind_v beyond_o the_o corporation_n but_o such_o as_o be_v do_v under_o their_o common_a seal_n therefore_o they_o can_v present_v a_o clerk_n to_o a_o live_n but_o by_o deed_n sub_fw-la communi_fw-la sigillo_fw-la 13_o h._n 8_o 12._o nor_o make_v a_o surrender_n 33_o h._n 6.17_o 34_o h._n 6.21_o nor_o assign_v auditor_n 4_o h._n 7.17_o 7_o h._n 7.9_o et_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la so_o their_o law_n and_o constitution_n make_v in_o their_o common_a council_n do_v not_o bind_v because_o they_o be_v not_o under_o their_o common_a seal_n answ_n excellent_a logic_n he_o must_v be_v a_o rare_a chemist_n that_o can_v extract_v such_o a_o consequence_n from_o the_o premise_n the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o parliament_n of_o the_o city_n the_o mayor_n be_v the_o king_n the_o aldermen_z the_o peer_n the_o commonalty_n the_o commons_o and_o what_o they_o there_o enact_v and_o ordain_v be_v upon_o record_n jones_n rep._n fol._n 540._o therefore_o those_o constitution_n and_o ordinance_n by_o they_o there_o make_v be_v enact_v in_o a_o court_n of_o record_n if_o not_o warrantable_a make_v the_o more_o against_o they_o and_o what_o be_v then_o by_o they_o enact_v be_v of_o great_a force_n and_o puissance_n than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v under_o their_o common_a seal_n if_o they_o appoint_v a_o attorney_n at_o law_n or_o bailiff_n in_o their_o common_a council_n they_o may_v justify_v any_o act_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o their_o office_n sans_o monstrans_fw-la de_fw-fr fait_fw-fr etc._n etc._n for_o it_o be_v to_o the_o use_v of_o the_o corporation_n 12_o h._n 7.25_o 26._o they_o certify_v their_o new_a mayor_n yearly_o in_o the_o exchequer_n because_o it_o be_v enter_v on_o record_n 13_o h._n 8.22_o vide_fw-la lib._n 10._o l'_fw-fr guardian_n 8._o s._n saviour_n case_n 14_o h._n 8.29_o 12_o e._n 4.9_o 10._o iv_o if_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n have_v do_v any_o act_n in_o their_o common_a council_n whereby_o to_o forfeit_n their_o corporation_n and_o franchise_n where_o a_o franchise_n be_v absolute_a and_o entire_a and_o have_v no_o dependence_n on_o another_o franchise_n then_o if_o any_o incident_a to_o it_o be_v forfeit_v the_o whole_a franchise_n be_v forfeit_v 22_o ass_n 34._o palmer_n rep._n fol._n 82._o en_fw-fr l'_fw-fr case_n d'_fw-fr corporation_n d'_fw-fr maidenhead_n but_o the_o corporation_n of_o london_n be_v a_o franchise_n court_n d'_fw-fr entry_n fol._n 527._o palmer_n rep._n fol._n 82._o absolute_a and_o entire_a and_o have_v no_o dependence_n on_o another_o franchise_n therefore_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o any_o incident_a to_o the_o corporation_n of_o london_n be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o corporation_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o the_o well_o government_n of_o the_o corporation_n be_v incident_a to_o every_o corporation_n hob._n rep._n fol._n 211._o but_o the_o corporation_n of_o london_n have_v abuse_v and_o misuse_v this_o power_n therefore_o they_o have_v forfeit_v their_o power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o their_o corporation_n therefore_o they_o have_v forfeit_v their_o corporation_n the_o abuse_n of_o the_o court_n of_o pyepowder_n be_v incident_a to_o a_o fair_a be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o fair_a 7_o h._n 4.44_o otherwise_o of_o toll_n because_o it_o be_v not_o incident_a to_o the_o fair_a or_o market_n palmer_n ibid._n object_n there_o be_v a_o stat._n 7_o r._n 2._o that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o their_o whole_a liberty_n whatsoever_o with_o this_o clause_n licet_fw-la usi_fw-la non_fw-la fuerint_fw-la vel_fw-la abusi_fw-la fuerint_fw-la and_o notwithstanding_o any_o statute_n to_o the_o contrary_a 7_o r._n 2._o n._n 37._o answ_n this_o be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o no_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n do_v appear_v but_o only_o per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regenâ—_n &_o consilium_fw-la suum_fw-la which_o must_v be_v intend_v his_o privy_a council_n if_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o then_o consilio_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o 35_o e._n 1._o apud_fw-la carlioten_n stat._n de_fw-la asportatis_fw-la religiosorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—ut_fw-la admit_v it_o to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o do_v only_o extend_v to_o 〈◊〉_d offence_n and_o crime_n which_o they_o have_v commit_v or_o omit_v and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d â—â—ose_v that_o shall_v be_v commit_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la if_o otherwise_o it_o will_v have_v be_v against_o all_o reason_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o consequence_n void_a and_o that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o read_v the_o king_n answer_v to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o large_a jones_n rep._n fol._n 241._o and_o if_o we_o look_v into_o all_o the_o statute_n which_o confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o london_n viz._n 14_o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o which_o confirm_v all_o reasonable_a liberty_n 2_o h._n 4._o c._n 1._o the_o liberty_n which_o have_v be_v due_o use_v 3_o h._n 5._o c._n 1._o all_o except_o such_o as_o be_v repeal_v by_o the_o common_a law_n 2_o h._n 6._o c._n 1._o all_o liberty_n well_o use_v and_o not_o repeal_v by_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v no_o statute_n or_o prescription_n warrant_v any_o of_o their_o action_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v consonant_a to_o right_o reason_n and_o justice_n qui_fw-la muragium_fw-la ad_fw-la villam_fw-la clandendam_fw-la gravius_fw-la ceperint_fw-la quam_fw-la concessum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la chaâ—tam_fw-la regis_fw-la perdant_fw-la ex_fw-la tunc_fw-la gratiam_fw-la suae_fw-la concessionis_fw-la &_o graviter_fw-la amerciantur_fw-la fleta_n lib._n 2._o c._n 43._o they_o which_o shall_v take_v more_o murage_n than_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o shall_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o their_o grant_n and_o shall_v be_v grievous_o amerce_v le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr voet_fw-mi quo_fw-la chescan_fw-it perdera_fw-la son_fw-it franchise_n que_fw-fr eo_fw-la misuera_fw-la mirror_n c._n 5._o §_o 4._o the_o law_n will_v that_o every_o one_o shall_v lose_v his_o franchise_n which_o mis-use_a it_o and_o bracton_n say_v that_o libertates_fw-la possunt_fw-la amitti_fw-la per_fw-la abusum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la usum_fw-la bract._n lib._n 2._o fol._n 56._o lib._n 3._o fol._n 117._o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o they_o shall_v lose_v their_o liberty_n or_o their_o grant_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o for_o ever_o inst_z part_n 2._o fol._n 222._o how_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v misuse_v and_o abuse_v their_o franchise_n by_o levy_v of_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o oppression_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a subject_n be_v submit_v to_o the_o grave_a consideration_n of_o all_o sober_a and_o disinteressed_n person_n a_o leet_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n because_o they_o do_v take_v of_o the_o offender_n against_o the_o assize_n of_o bread_n and_o beer_n 2_o s._n when_o they_o have_v no_o pillory_n nor_o tumbril_n rastal_n entry_n fol._n 540._o in_o the_o eire_n of_o the_o county_n of_o cornwall_n 30_o e._n 1._o inter_fw-la placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la &_o infra_fw-la hundredum_fw-la de_fw-la kery_a there_o be_v prescribe_v that_o in_o holston_n burgh_n they_o do_v take_v de_fw-fr novo_fw-la of_o every_o great_a beast_n viz._n ox_n etc._n etc._n as_o well_o of_o the_o buyer_n as_o of_o the_o seller_n one_o penny_n whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v but_o one_o penny_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o that_o they_o take_v of_o merchandises_n exceed_v 12_o d._n of_o the_o buyer_n ob_fw-la and_o of_o the_o seller_n ob_fw-la whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v but_o ob_fw-la of_o the_o buyer_n roll_v abridg._n part_n 2._o fol._n 523._o the_o justice_n in_o eire_n do_v inquire_v of_o those_o which_o do_v take_v superfluous_a or_o undue_a toll_n in_o city_n burrough_n or_o elsewhere_o against_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n cap._n itineris_fw-la vet_z magna_fw-la charta_fw-la it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o defendant_n in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la make_v default_n their_o franchise_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v all_o the_o profit_n and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o replieve_v within_o the_o eire_n they_o lose_v their_o franchise_n for_o ever_o iten_n canc._n 6_o e._n 2.7_o ob._n if_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v commit_v any_o offence_n the_o particular_a person_n which_o have_v transgress_v aught_o to_o be_v punish_v but_o the_o corporation_n can_v for_o no_o trespass_n lie_v against_o a_o corporation_n 22_o ass_n 67._o brok._n tit._n corp._n n._n 43._o 15_o e._n 4.1_o b._n no_o capias_fw-la no_o exigent_n against_o it_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v imprison_v 21_o e._n 4.69_o 70._o 45_o e._n 3.2_o 3._o neither_o can_v a_o corporation_n be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o recognizance_n moores_n rep._n 68_o answ_n his_o majesty_n may_v proceed_v against_o they_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n and_o so_o to_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o corporation_n and_o franchise_n or_o in_o their_o natural_a capacity_n against_o any_o particular_a person_n of_o the_o corporation_n which_o be_v offender_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v punish_v secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la &_o qualitatem_fw-la delucti_fw-la according_o to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o offence_n non_fw-la oppressus_fw-la liberant_fw-la qui_fw-la liberos_fw-la opprimunt_fw-la they_o will_v not_o free_v those_o which_o be_v oppress_v who_o oppress_v those_o which_o be_v freevill_n finis_fw-la