Selected quad for the lemma: law_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
law_n	act_n	common_a	parliament_n	6,971	5	6.4802	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38520	Epistola Medio-Saxonica, or, Middlesex first letter to His Excellency, the Lord General Cromwell together with their petition concerning tithes and copy-holds of inheritance, presented to the supreme authority, the Parliament of England : wherein the tortious and illegal usurpation of tithes, contrary to Magna Charta, is discovered, the blemished dignity of copy-holders revived, and how lords of manors have formerly incroached upon their liberties, by imposing arbitrary fines, and multiplying of heriots : whereunto is annexed two additional cases concerning the unreasonable exactions of fines and heriots, contrary to law, in these latter times ...	Cromwell, Oliver, 1599-1658.; Wingfield, Augustus. Vindiciae Medico-Saxonicae.	1653 (1653)	Wing E3170; ESTC R5296	18,776	30

epistola_fw-la medio-saxonica_a or_o middlesex_n first_o letter_n to_o his_o excellency_n the_o lord_n general_n cromwell_n together_o with_o their_o petition_n concern_v tithe_n and_o copy-holds_a of_o inheritance_n present_v to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n the_o parliament_n of_o england_n wherein_o the_o tortuous_a and_o illegal_a usurpation_n of_o tithe_n contrary_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v discover_v the_o blemish_a dignity_n of_o copy-holders_n revive_a and_o how_o lord_n of_o manor_n have_v former_o encroach_v upon_o their_o liberty_n by_o impose_v arbitrary_a fine_n and_o multiply_v of_o heriot_n whereunto_o be_v annex_v two_o additional_a case_n concern_v the_o unreasonable_a exaction_n of_o fine_n and_o heriot_n contrary_a to_o law_n in_o these_o latter_a time_n publish_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n and_o vindication_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n from_o all_o decimal_a oppression_n and_o lordly_a tyranny_n the_o second_o edition_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o reply_n style_v tithe_n total_o rout_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la london_n print_v by_o f._n l._n for_o william_n larnar_n at_o the_o blackmore_n near_o fleet-bridge_n 1653._o in_o decimas_fw-la &_o serva_fw-la praedia_fw-la carmen_fw-la hexastichon_n si_fw-it mos_fw-la angliacus_n nec_fw-la sacra_fw-la oracula_fw-la suadent_fw-la cur_n solvis_fw-la decimas_fw-la anglia_fw-it lusa_fw-la tuas_fw-la si_fw-mi felix_fw-la rediit_fw-la seclum_fw-la victique_a tyranni_fw-la cur_n servile_a fere_n anglia_fw-it maesta_fw-la jugum_fw-la sic_fw-la pia_fw-la vota_fw-la tulit_fw-la miles_n totusque_fw-la senatus_n reddere_fw-la cur_n differ_v anglia_fw-it vota_fw-la deo_fw-la upon_o tithe_n and_o copy-holds_a a_o hexastick_a verse_n if_o english_a custom_n nor_o god_n word_n persuade_v why_o yet_o be_v tithe_n deceive_v england_n pay_v if_o th'age_n of_o gold_n be_v come_v and_o tyrant_n break_v why_o do_v thou_o england_n bear_v the_o servile_a yoke_n if_o the_o army_n and_o the_o senate_n vow_n have_v make_v why_o be_v they_o by_o they_o england_n thus_o delay_v middlesex_n first_o letter_n to_o his_o excellency_n may_v it_o please_v your_o excellency_n the_o sweet_a odour_n of_o your_o name_n and_o unparalleled_a affection_n towards_o goodness_n and_o good_a people_n have_v embolden_v we_o in_o the_o behalf_n and_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o well-affected_n of_o this_o county_n to_o communicate_v to_o your_o excellency_n our_o intend_a address_n by_o way_n of_o petition_n to_o the_o supreme_a authority_n for_o the_o removal_n of_o some_o grievance_n which_o have_v lie_v long_o and_o heavy_a upon_o the_o freeborn_a people_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o so_o receive_v your_o judicious_a approbation_n and_o assistance_n we_o may_v with_o the_o great_a alacrity_n make_v our_o procedure_n now_o sir_n the_o head_n of_o our_o petition_n be_v only_o two_o namely_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o usurp_a popish_a relic_n tithe_n and_o the_o abolish_n of_o that_o tyrannical_a oppression_n and_o slavish_a tenure_n of_o copy-holds_a of_o inheritance_n finable_o at_o the_o lord_n will_v as_o thing_n diametrical_o repugnant_a to_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n leu._n 25.14_o you_o shall_v not_o oppress_v one_o another_o and_o jer._n 30.20_o i_o will_v punish_v all_o that_o oppress_v they_o where_o your_o excellency_n may_v be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o prohibition_n not_o to_o oppress_v the_o people_n of_o god_n and_o of_o a_o punishment_n threaten_v to_o those_o that_o do_v it_o and_o in_o exo._n 23.5_o there_o be_v a_o command_n that_o if_o we_o see_v the_o ass_n of_o our_o enemy_n lie_v under_o a_o burden_n that_o we_o shall_v not_o pass_v by_o but_o help_v he_o if_o therefore_o a_o oppress_a brute_n creature_n ought_v to_o be_v relieve_v by_o we_o how_o much_o more_o a_o rational_a how_o much_o more_o a_o christian_n and_o well-affected_n people_n who_o in_o the_o black_a time_n of_o danger_n and_o peril_n have_v adhere_v to_o the_o state_n with_o undaunted_a resolution_n adventure_v life_n good_n and_o all_o for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o let_v not_o o_o let_v not_o our_o state_n bury_v in_o silence_n the_o day_n of_o this_o people_n love_n who_o next_o to_o your_o excellency_n and_o renown_a army_n under_o god_n have_v be_v a_o principal_a mean_n of_o the_o glorious_a freedom_n our_o state_n now_o enjoy_v but_o because_o most_o man_n look_v more_o upon_o humane_a than_o divine_a authority_n especial_o where_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n fall_v in_o and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 5_o book_n of_o aristotle_n ethic_n can_v be_v virtuous_a and_o just_a in_o matter_n of_o their_o own_o concernment_n but_o not_o so_o in_o what_o concern_v the_o public_a which_o occasion_v nobile_fw-la illud_fw-la dictum_fw-la biantis_fw-la that_o noble_a say_n of_o that_o grecian_a sage_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d power_n will_v discover_v the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o every_o man_n therefore_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o those_o who_o judgement_n be_v overbalance_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o earthly_a interest_n not_o in_o the_o least_o reflect_v on_o your_o excellency_n who_o we_o experimental_o know_v to_o be_v of_o a_o more_o divine_a temper_n we_o shall_v in_o brief_a produce_v some_o humane_a authority_n as_o motive_n to_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a grievance_n first_o by_o the_o 29_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v disseiss_v or_o put_v out_o of_o his_o free_a tenement_n liberty_n or_o custom_n but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o charter_n be_v of_o so_o great_a authority_n that_o it_o have_v be_v confirm_v above_o thirty_o time_n now_o tithe_n be_v a_o part_n of_o every_o man_n freetenement_n or_o freehold_n and_o birth_n right_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o either_o by_o the_o impropriate_a person_n or_o appropriate_a parson_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o 25._o e._n 1._o ch_n 2._o all_o judgement_n give_v against_o any_o point_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o chartade_n foresta_n be_v adjudge_v void_a second_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o 42_o edw._n 3._o ch_n 1._o if_o any_o statute_n be_v hereafter_o make_v against_o either_o of_o these_o statute_n it_o shall_v be_v void_a cook_n 1._o ●_o just_a foe_fw-mi 81._o three_o in_o bonham_n case_n in_o the_o 8_o book_n of_o cook_n report_n and_o in_o dr._n and_o student_n it_o be_v lay_v down_o for_o law_n that_o act_n of_o parliament_n against_o common_a right_n or_o reason_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a and_o last_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o jenkins_n fol._n 139._o that_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v control_v act_n of_o parliament_n make_v against_o right_n or_o reason_n such_o as_o all_o statute_n for_o tithe_n be_v and_o adjudge_v they_o to_o be_v void_a because_o they_o deprive_v man_n of_o a_o part_n of_o their_o right_n contrary_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o proprietor_n or_o owner_n so_o that_o hence_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o those_o statute_n which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o former_a parliament_n concern_v tithe_n in_o time_n of_o popery_n and_o ignorance_n and_o upon_o false_a ground_n of_o their_o divine_a right_n be_v diametrical_o repugnant_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o destructive_a of_o common_a right_n then_o be_v and_o now_o be_v total_o void_a null_n and_o of_o no_o force_n and_o that_o all_o tithe_n take_v by_o virtue_n of_o they_o have_v be_v usurp_v illegal_a and_o unwarrantable_a and_o because_o some_o see_v the_o weakness_n of_o their_o statute-law_n foundation_n may_v fly_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o umbrage_n and_o shelter_n of_o custom_n we_o answer_v it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o a_o man_n can_v claim_v any_o thing_n by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n against_o a_o statute_n unless_o the_o custom_n or_o prescription_n be_v save_v by_o another_o statute_n cook_n 2._o p._n just_o foe_fw-mi 21._o now_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a charter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v confirm_v by_o h._n 3._o about_o the_o year_n 1218._o tithe_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n do_v belong_v to_o every_o man_n tenement_n and_o freehold_n and_o so_o far_o be_v the_o clergy_n at_o that_o time_n from_o claim_v any_o tithe_n to_o be_v due_a unto_o they_o by_o any_o custom_n as_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v acknowledge_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o gregory_n the_o 10_o anno_fw-la 1274._o and_o in_o the_o decretal_a epistle_n send_v from_o pope_n innocent_a the_o 3d._n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n about_o the_o year_n 1215._o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n do_v by_o a_o general_a custom_n till_o then_o observe_v dispose_v of_o their_o tithe_n according_a to_o their_o own_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a at_o the_o confirmation_n of_o

the_o say_a treatiser_n argument_n be_v full_o manifest_v and_o the_o say_a letter_n and_o petition_n clear_o vindicate_v from_o error_n and_o mistake_n by_o aug_n wingfield_n a_o member_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n london_n print_v by_o f.l._n for_o william_n larnar_n at_o the_o blackmore_n near_o fleet-bridge_n 1653._o tithe_n total_o rout_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la have_v peruse_v a_o treatise_n of_o tithe_n pen_v by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o its_o opponent_n by_o one_o as_o it_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o long_a robe_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v timely_a admonition_n that_o though_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o well_o wisher_n to_o religion_n and_o propriety_n yet_o when_o he_o speak_v fair_a man_n believe_v he_o not_o for_o there_o be_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v seven_o abomination_n in_o his_o heart_n who_o though_o his_o sophisticated_a argument_n be_v cover_v with_o deceit_n yet_o shall_v his_o wickedness_n be_v show_v before_o the_o whole_a congregation_n prov._n 26.25_o 26._o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n he_o discover_v both_o his_o spirit_n and_o his_o pride_n censure_v his_o antagonist_n as_o clamorous_a malicious_a ignorant_o though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o unbiased_a moderator_n more_o learned_a peaceable_a and_o more_o evangelical_o spirit_v than_o himself_o but_o fear_v lest_o his_o great_a diana_n tithe_n the_o nursery_n of_o contention_n and_o strife_n shall_v in_o these_o day_n of_o reformation_n and_o restauration_n of_o public_a freedom_n and_o liberty_n like_o dagon_n before_o the_o ark_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o come_v to_o nought_o he_o have_v therefore_o out_o of_o his_o worldly_a wisdom_n judge_v it_o very_o opportune_a both_o in_o reference_n to_o himself_o and_o also_o to_o his_o client_n the_o tith-taking_a priesthood_n and_o impropriator_n in_o this_o extremity_n of_o time_n to_o force_v into_o his_o aid_n a_o catalogue_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o to_o little_a purpose_n since_o few_o of_o they_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o h._n 8._o intimate_v so_o much_o as_o a_o right_n much_o less_o command_v the_o payment_n of_o parochial_a tithe_n to_o priest_n or_o other_o as_o if_o this_o respondent_fw-la will_v make_v we_o all_o believe_v that_o ubi_fw-la nomen_fw-la decima_fw-la ibi_fw-la argumentum_fw-la decimandi_fw-la that_o wheresoever_o in_o any_o statute_n the_o word_n be_fw-mi be_v find_v there_o be_v a_o argument_n for_o tithing_n though_o by_o his_o leave_n in_o some_o of_o they_o by_o he_o quote_v there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n etc._n name_n mag._n char._n c._n 1._o marl_n c._n 5._o 25_o e._n 1._o 2d_o e._n 1._o etc._n etc._n but_o although_o he_o and_o his_o tith-taking_a brethren_n have_v a_o long_a time_n like_o simeon_n and_o dovi_n confederate_v together_o not_o only_o to_o make_v we_o ignorant_o but_o still_o to_o keep_v so_o by_o persuade_v of_o we_o and_o our_o fore_a father_n that_o tithe_n be_v first_o due_n by_o divine_a law_n then_o by_o canon_n law_n and_o now_o by_o statute_n law_n yet_o be_v we_o and_o the_o good_a people_n of_o england_n resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o delude_v by_o they_o with_o their_o paralogism_n and_o deceitful_a reason_n and_o therefore_o that_o we_o may_v no_o long_o digress_v by_o way_n of_o preface_n we_o shall_v now_o come_v to_o reply_v and_o to_o examine_v those_o two_o grand_a objection_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n raise_v against_o the_o middlesex_n letter_n and_o petition_n in_o the_o expository_n open_v of_o those_o two_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n 29._o and_o 1._o r._n 2._o ch_n 14._o where_o this_o respondent_fw-la say_v pag._n 13._o that_o for_o the_o penner_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n and_o petition_n to_o make_v the_o people_n believe_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v such_o a_o exposition_n as_o be_v never_o make_v upon_o that_o statute_n and_o therefore_o to_o rectify_v this_o error_n as_o he_o call_v it_o he_o have_v labour_v though_o in_o vain_a to_o overthrow_v the_o say_a exposition_n and_o those_o invincible_a argument_n build_v upon_o it_o and_o to_o set_v up_o his_o own_o contrary_a interpretation_n and_o false_a affertion_n viz._n that_o tithe_n and_o the_o payment_n thereof_o by_o the_o people_n be_v confirm_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n 1._o under_o the_o notion_n of_o church_n right_n and_o first_o for_o proof_n thereof_o he_o say_v pag._n 14._o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n at_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ecclesiastical_a person_n have_v remedy_n to_o recover_v their_o tithe_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o then_o conclude_v that_o the_o law_n give_v no_o remedy_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o right_n which_o assertion_n be_v very_o untrue_a for_o cook_n upon_o tithe_n say_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n land_n be_v undecimable_a and_o if_o undecimable_a then_o certain_o by_o that_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o church_n right_a to_o tithe_n neither_o to_o be_v recover_v by_o virtue_n thereof_o in_o the_o spiritual_a or_o pope_n court_n since_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v in_o law_n by_o his_o cannon_n neither_o be_v cook_n single_a in_o his_o opinion_n for_o selden_n foe_n 291_o say_v that_o arbitrary_a disposition_n of_o tithe_n use_v by_o the_o laity_n as_o well_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la of_o right_a as_o the_o positive_a law_n then_o receive_v and_o practise_v be_v as_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la of_o deed_n and_o practice_n be_v that_o which_o wickleff_n remember_v in_o his_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n under_o r._n 2._o the_o substance_n whereof_o in_o brief_a be_v that_o the_o proud_a and_o pompous_a priest_n do_v constrain_v the_o poor_a people_n of_o england_n viz._n by_o popish_a canon_n to_o pay_v their_o tithe_n unto_o they_o whereas_o within_o a_o few_o year_n before_o they_o pay_v their_o tithe_n and_o offering_n at_o their_o own_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o be_v also_o attest_v by_o ludlow_n a_o judge_n of_o assize_n in_o e._n 3._o who_o say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n a_o man_n may_v give_v his_o be_fw-mi to_o what_o church_n he_o will_v which_o be_v true_a say_v judge_n brook_n in_o abridge_n the_o case_n selden_n fol._n 252._o and_o the_o say_a author_n further_o say_v foe_n 290._o that_o under_o innocent_a the_o 3d._n it_o be_v usual_a in_o fact_n for_o layman_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n at_o that_o time_n both_o common_a and_o canon_n to_o convey_v the_o right_n of_o their_o tithe_n as_o rent-charge_n or_o the_o like_a to_o what_o church_n or_o monastery_n they_o please_v and_o such_o conveyance_n be_v clear_o good_a and_o whereas_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n p._n 14._o quote_v mr._n selden_n for_o his_o authority_n of_o parochial_a right_n he_o be_v clear_o mistake_v since_o mr._n selden'_v judgement_n in_o the_o same_o place_n immediate_o follow_v be_v clear_o to_o the_o contrary_a and_o that_o which_o be_v here_o allege_v as_o the_o treatiser_n main_a argument_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n and_o by_o he_o in_o the_o same_o and_o follow_a page_n full_o confute_v pag._n 144_o 146._o moreover_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o 25_o e._n 1._o call_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n adjuge_v and_o declare_v to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o if_o true_a as_o it_o be_v most_o true_a than_o tithe_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v much_o less_o confirm_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o the_o say_v respondent_fw-la weak_o suppose_v and_o so_o not_o at_o all_o under_o ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n but_o he_o object_v and_o say_v that_o tithe_n be_v contain_v in_o these_o word_n the_o church_n right_n mag._n char._n cap._n 1._o for_o further_a satisfaction_n whereof_o see_v cook_n exposition_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o word_n where_o he_o say_v that_o ecclesiastical_a person_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o lawful_a jurisdiction_n and_o other_o their_o right_n but_o not_o one_o word_n of_o tithe_n without_o diminution_n and_o that_o no_o new_a right_n be_v give_v unto_o they_o hereby_o but_o such_o as_o they_o have_v before_o confirm_v now_o if_o no_o new_a right_n be_v give_v than_o not_o tithe_n since_o the_o author_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n confess_v p._n 14._o that_o the_o common_a right_n of_o tithe_n due_a to_o the_o rector_n of_o the_o parish_n be_v but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o k._n john_n and_o then_o as_o m._n selden_n who_o he_o quote_v p._n 146._o declare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o opinion_n establish_v whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a not_o only_o by_o selden_n and_o his_o own_o confession_n but_o also_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o gook_z that_o at_o

magna_fw-la charta_fw-la no_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n for_o clergyman_n to_o have_v tithe_n out_o of_o every_o proprietors_n estate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a right_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n and_o for_o confirmation_n hereof_o it_o be_v say_v by_o learned_a selden_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tithe_n that_o in_o h._n 2._o his_o time_n which_o be_v a_o little_a before_o the_o say_v decretal_a parochial_a right_n be_v the_o right_n of_o have_v the_o cure_n and_o offering_n of_o the_o parishiones_fw-la and_o that_o to_o that_o parochial_a right_n no_o right_a of_o tithe_n be_v annex_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o time_n whereupon_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o the_o religious_a and_o secular_a of_o the_o clergy_n to_o covenant_n with_o their_o tenant_n to_o pay_v they_o the_o tithe_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o they_o may_v prevent_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o parish_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v now_o if_o there_o have_v be_v then_o any_o parochial_a right_n or_o custom_n for_o receive_v tithe_n how_o can_v such_o a_o covenant_n have_v prevent_v the_o parochial_a minister_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o clear_a truth_n be_v evidence_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o rich._n the_o 2._o and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1377._o in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v accord_v that_o at_o what_o time_n any_o person_n of_o holy_a church_n be_v draw_v in_o plea_n in_o the_o secular_a court_n for_o his_o tithe_n take_v by_o the_o name_n of_o good_n take_v away_o and_o he_o which_o be_v so_o draw_v in_o plea_n make_v a_o exception_n or_o allege_v that_o the_o substance_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o business_n be_v only_o upon_o tithe_n due_a of_o right_n and_o of_o possession_n to_o his_o church_n or_o to_o another_o his_o benefice_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o general_n averment_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v without_o show_v special_o how_o the_o same_o be_v his_o lay_n catall_a that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o he_o to_o aver_v and_o maintain_v that_o the_o tithe_n he_o lay_v claim_v to_o do_v belong_v unto_o he_o by_o parochial_a right_n and_o custom_n as_o minister_v of_o the_o place_n be_v no_o good_a and_o allowable_a plea_n in_o court_n but_o that_o he_o must_v show_v in_o special_a and_o in_o particular_a how_o the_o say_v tithe_n he_o lay_v claim_v to_o become_v his_o lay_n catall_a whether_o by_o grant_n gift_n or_o otherwise_o so_o that_o here_o be_v not_o only_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n but_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n against_o parochial_a right_n and_o custom_n of_o tithe_n and_o yet_o shall_v we_o grant_v they_o a_o custom_n for_o tithe_n which_o they_o can_v claim_v without_o blush_v of_o what_o weight_n how_o like_o a_o feather_n will_v it_o be_v be_v put_v in_o the_o scale_n with_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o although_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o they_o have_v now_o a_o long_a time_n enjoy_v they_o even_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n yet_o that_o will_v not_o avail_v much_o since_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lawful_a user_n but_o a_o abuser_n and_o tortuous_a act_n carry_v on_o with_o a_o power_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n equity_n and_o justice_n moreover_o in_o custom_n non_fw-la diuturnitas_fw-la temporis_fw-la sed_fw-la soliditas_fw-la rationis_fw-la est_fw-la consideranda_fw-la not_o length_n of_o time_n but_o soundness_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v weigh_v upon_o which_o ground_n at_o a_o parliament_n at_o kilkenny_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edw._n 3._o the_o irish_a custom_n call_v the_o brehon_n law_n though_o of_o long_a continuance_n be_v null_v by_o that_o parliament_n upon_o this_o ground_n or_o maxim_n that_o malus_fw-la usus_fw-la est_fw-la abolendus_fw-la a_o ill_a custom_n as_o tith-taking_a be_v ought_v to_o be_v abolish_v so_o that_o the_o plea_n of_o a_o long_a continue_a custom_n of_o take_v tithe_n contrary_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ans_fw-fr common_a right_a will_v but_o little_o conduce_v to_o the_o justification_n of_o its_o authority_n and_o lawfullnesse_n and_o if_o from_o hence_o any_o shall_v fly_v to_o scripture_n refuge_n which_o none_o but_o avaritious_a sciolist_n in_o sacred_a law_n and_o language_n will_v attempt_v we_o shall_v if_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o own_o argument_n be_v not_o a_o clear_a confutation_n of_o their_o error_n and_o injustice_n return_v a_o modest_a and_o sober_a answer_n second_o and_o last_o as_o to_o the_o other_o branch_n of_o our_o petition_n concern_v copyhold_n land_n of_o inheritance_n finable_a and_o also_o heriotable_a by_o the_o tyrannical_a practice_n of_o many_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n we_o humble_o conceive_v that_o by_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la let_v no_o man_n be_v distrein_v to_o do_v great_a service_n for_o his_o free_a tenement_n than_o he_o ought_v ground_v upon_o the_o 25._o ch_z of_o levit._n v._n 17._o you_o shall_v not_o oppress_v one_o another_o all_o those_o arbitrary_a and_o unreasonable_a exaction_n of_o fine_n and_o heriot_n exercise_v of_o late_a year_n by_o tyrannical_a lord_n of_o manor_n have_v be_v illegal_a and_o repugnant_a to_o the_o equity_n if_o not_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o have_v run_v beside_o the_o channel_n of_o charity_n law_n and_o justice_n but_o because_o many_o of_o late_a and_o former_a time_n have_v labour_v much_o to_o vilify_v and_o obscure_v the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v of_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n and_o their_o tenure_n thereby_o to_o make_v way_n for_o their_o pride_n avarice_n and_o tyranny_n we_o shall_v therefore_o make_v a_o little_o further_a inquiry_n into_o the_o discovery_n of_o they_o bracton_n lib._n 4._o ch_n 28._o say_v that_o villenagiorum_n aliud_fw-la purum_fw-la aliuà_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la of_o villenage_n one_o kind_n be_v pure_a and_o perfect_a villeinage_n the_o other_o a_o more_o free_a honourable_a and_o privilege_v where_o note_n that_o villeinage_n in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a signification_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o service_n of_o a_o husbandman_n which_o may_v be_v either_o honourable_a or_o base_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v pure_a or_o base_a villeinage_n be_v that_o whereby_o either_o a_o free_a man_n or_o a_o bondman_n so_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n as_o that_o he_o be_v tie_v to_o do_v whatever_o he_o shall_v command_v he_o not_o know_v over_o night_n what_o he_o must_v do_v the_o next_o morning_n and_o always_o in_o all_o thing_n be_v hold_v to_o uncertainty_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v littleton_n tenure_n of_o villeinage_n who_o large_a tract_n upon_o that_o subject_n may_v well_o have_v be_v spare_v since_o there_o be_v very_o sew_v if_o any_o even_o in_o his_o time_n who_o hold_v by_o that_o base_a and_o unworthy_a i_o enure_v now_o the_o other_o sort_n call_v by_o bracton_n privilegiatum_fw-la privilege_v villeinage_n or_o as_o he_o term_v it_o in_o his_o 2d_o book_n and_o 8_o and_z and_o 35th_o chap._n villanum_fw-la soccagium_fw-la qualify_v soccage_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o littleton_n tenure_n of_o copy-holds_a where_o the_o tenant_n hold_v their_o land_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n as_o cook_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o littleton_n 1._o p._n inst_z foe_fw-mi 58._o acknowledge_v so_o that_o bracton_n qualify_v or_o privilege_v soccage_n and_o our_o copy-holds_a be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o which_o be_v more_o clear_o prove_v by_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n in_o alienation_n for_o say_v he_o in_o li._n 2._o cap._n 8._o si_fw-mi villanus_fw-la sockmanus_fw-la villanum_fw-la soccagium_fw-la if_o a_o qualify_a sockman_n or_o copyholder_n will_v convey_v his_o qualify_a soccage_n to_o another_o let_v he_o surrender_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n and_o let_v the_o other_o receive_v it_o from_o they_o which_o be_v the_o form_n we_o now_o use_v and_o in_o his_o 1._o book_n and_o 2d_o ch._n they_o be_v call_v gleba_fw-la ascriptitii_fw-la enrol_v tenant_n of_o the_o glebe_n or_o manor_n and_o who_o do_v enjoy_v such_o privilege_n as_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v put_v out_o so_o long_o as_o that_o they_o pay_v their_o certain_a and_o yearly_a pension_n whosoever_o be_v lord_n neither_o may_v they_o be_v compel_v to_o keep_v their_o tenement_n but_o may_v alien_n when_o they_o please_v and_o they_o they_o as_o we_o now_o do_v hold_v their_o tenement_n ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o such_o a_o unbridled_a will_n as_o many_o pragmatical_a novice_n in_o jurisprudential_n learn_v now_o imagine_v not_o a_o natural_a will_n but_o a_o legal_a will_n bound_v by_o

reason_n law_n and_o custom_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v at_o any_o time_n go_v about_o to_o disturb_v or_o put_v they_o out_o of_o their_o tenement_n although_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o assize_n yet_o they_o have_v parvum_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-la recto_n secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la a_o small_a writ_n of_o right_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o to_o regain_v their_o estate_n bracton_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 2._o lib._n 5._o cap._n 2_o where_o the_o writ_n be_v likewise_o express_v and_o in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o 28_o chap._n he_o say_v that_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v eject_v by_o his_o lord_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o jury_n impanel_v to_o inquire_v of_o the_o covenant_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o admit_v of_o he_o to_o be_v his_o tenant_n who_o he_o eject_v and_o he_o shall_v be_v restore_v because_o jura_n non_fw-la debent_fw-la juvare_fw-la dominum_fw-la contra_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o consensum_fw-la suum_fw-la quia_fw-la semel_fw-la voluit_fw-la conventionem_fw-la the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o relieve_v the_o lord_n against_o his_o own_o will_n and_o consent_n because_o he_o have_v make_v a_o covenant_n that_o his_o copyhold_n tenant_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o tenement_n perform_v his_o service_n and_o custom_n li._n 2._o cap._n 8._o and_o li._n 4_o cap._n 28._o and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o and_o e._n 4._o sir_n john_n danby_n and_o thomas_n brian_n lord_n chief_a justice_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o copy-holders_n eject_v by_o their_o lord_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n neither_o be_v bracton_n single_a in_o his_o good_a esteem_n of_o privilege_a sockmans_n or_o copy-holders_n since_o fieta_n write_v by_o a_o great_a lawyer_n about_o e._n 2_o his_o time_n and_o ockam_n in_o h._n 2._o his_o reign_n do_v both_o of_o they_o honour_v copy-holders_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n with_o the_o name_n of_o customary_a tenant_n and_o ockam_n not_o only_o speak_v worthy_o of_o they_o but_o of_o their_o original_a who_o work_n through_o the_o envy_n and_o tyranny_n of_o the_o time_n have_v not_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o appear_v in_o public_a and_o lambard_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_a law_n england_n say_v that_o copy-holds_a be_v long_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o then_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o book-land_n and_o since_o the_o conquest_n they_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o many_o worthy_a appellation_n as_o of_o copy-holders_n in_o h._n 5._o of_o tenant_n by_o the_o rod_n in_o h._n 4._o of_o tenant_n by_o the_o roll_n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o e._n 3._o of_o customary_a tenant_n in_o in_o e._n 1._o cook_n 1._o p._n just_o fol._n 58._o and_o because_o copy-holders_n have_v be_v much_o abuse_v in_o the_o late_a corrupt_a time_n of_o monarchy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o disgrace_n of_o their_o tenure_n but_o also_o in_o the_o alter_n and_o multiply_v their_o custom_n and_o service_n great_a person_n false_o pretend_v as_o if_o poor_a copy-holders_n have_v nil_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la but_o all_o de_fw-fr gratia_fw-la nothing_o of_o right_a but_o all_o of_o favour_n therefore_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v make_v some_o brief_a discovery_n therein_o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n and_o second_o chapter_n say_v that_o the_o work_n of_o privilege_a sockmans_n or_o copy-holders_n be_v though_o servile_a yet_o certain_a and_o nominate_v and_o again_o in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o 28_o chapter_n that_o qualify_v sockmans_n have_v their_o tenement_n grant_v unto_o they_o to_o hold_v by_o covenant_n for_o certain_a service_n and_o custom_n name_v and_o express_v although_o the_o service_n and_o custom_n be_v servile_a that_o be_v with_o cart_n plough_n or_o the_o like_a at_o certain_a set_v time_n in_o the_o year_n according_a to_o agreement_n and_o again_o a_o little_a after_o villani_n sockmanii_n villana_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitia_fw-la qualify_v sockmans_n do_v servile_a work_n and_o service_n yet_o certain_a and_o determine_v now_o cook_n upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ch_n fol._n 13._o say_v that_o in_o these_o word_n reasonable_a custom_n and_o reasonable_a service_n all_o fine_n whether_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a and_o other_o custom_n and_o duty_n be_v comprehend_v and_o if_o so_o then_o for_o certain_a all_o fine_n of_o copy-holds_a be_v in_o bractons_n time_n certain_a and_o not_o as_o now_o uncertain_a and_o arbitrary_a but_o yet_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o he_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o any_o fine_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o qualify_a sockmans_n upon_o death_n or_o alienation_n that_o word_n under_o that_o notion_n be_v unknown_a to_o he_o or_o any_o other_o as_o we_o conceive_v of_o that_o age_n and_o have_v in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o five_o and_o thirty_o chapter_n treat_v at_o large_a who_o ought_v to_o do_v homage_n and_o who_o fealty_n and_o have_v show_v that_o both_o free_a and_o qualify_a soccager_n ought_v to_o do_v fealty_n to_o their_o lord_n come_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o treat_v of_o relief_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o branch_n of_o the_o argument_n of_o that_o chapter_n make_v this_o quaerie_n si_fw-mi de_fw-fr soccagiis_fw-la dari_fw-la debet_fw-la relevium_fw-la if_o of_o soccage_n speak_v plural_o a_o relief_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v which_o must_v be_v understand_v both_o of_o free_a and_o qualify_a soccage_n and_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n say_v et_fw-la nunc_fw-la videndum_fw-la si_fw-la de_fw-la soccagio_fw-it dari_fw-la debet_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o now_o next_o come_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o a_o relief_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v of_o soccage_n which_o be_v speak_v indefinite_o and_o in_o general_a without_o add_v any_o epithet_n either_o of_o free_a or_o qualify_v must_v in_o all_o construction_n if_o you_o consult_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o chapter_n be_v understand_v both_o of_o free_a and_o qualify_a soccage_n so_o that_o that_o duty_n or_o performance_n which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n be_v give_v in_o recognitionem_fw-la dominii_fw-la by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o lordship_n and_o as_o he_o say_v ad_fw-la relevandam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la to_o relieve_v and_o raise_v the_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v praestatio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la loco_fw-la relevii_fw-la a_o certain_a prestation_n or_o performance_n instead_o of_o a_o relief_n for_o he_o will_v allow_v it_o proper_o to_o be_v a_o relief_n which_o the_o soccage_a either_o free_a or_o qualify_v pay_v due_a only_o upon_o death_n but_o never_o upon_o alienation_n and_o be_v ever_o certain_a namely_o a_o double_a quitrent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o year_n rend_v due_a to_o the_o lord_n beside_o the_o yearly_a quitrent_n and_o this_o be_v that_o duty_n as_o we_o clear_o conceive_v which_o 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service_n and_o custom_n of_o copy-holders_n but_o other_o have_v say_v the_o same_o and_o namely_o britton_n a_o bishop_n in_o e._n 1._o and_o very_o learn_v in_o the_o law_n and_o who_o at_o the_o king_n command_v compose_v they_o into_o a_o complete_a volume_n where_o treat_v of_o copy-holders_n of_o inheritance_n set_v it_o down_o for_o positive_a law_n that_o such_o be_v their_o privilege_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v neither_o increase_v their_o service_n under_o which_o as_o before_o be_v show_v be_v comprehend_v fine_n nor_o change_v they_o to_o make_v their_o tenant_n do_v other_o service_n or_o more_o brit._n foe_o 165._o and_o according_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o whole_a parliament_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n though_o ill_o if_o not_o of_o purpose_n and_o vicious_o translate_v which_o yet_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v here_o set_v down_o as_o we_o have_v receive_v it_o point_v and_o commae_v by_o cook_n in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o report_n in_o brown_n