Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
law_n	according_a	great_a	king_n	5,046	5	3.6170	3	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86390	The libertie of the subject against the pretended power of impositions. Maintained by an argument in Parliament an[o]. 7[o]. Jacobi Regis. / By William Hakevvil of Lincolns Inne Esq.	Hakewill, William, 1574-1655.	1641 (1641)	Wing H210; Thomason E170_2; ESTC R9193	77,405	152

law_n together_o the_o petition_n for_o present_a ease_n be_v to_o be_v release_v only_o of_o the_o maletolt_n of_o four_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n which_o be_v yield_v to_o the_o security_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v be_v we_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n the_o save_v which_o follow_v that_o be_v save_v the_o custom_n of_o wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n i_o observe_v the_o save_a extend_v not_o to_o wool_n alone_o as_o the_o petition_n do_v but_o also_o to_o wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n by_o express_a name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o security_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o to_o stretch_v only_o to_o wool_n as_o have_v be_v object_v for_o else_o to_o what_o end_n shall_v wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n be_v except_v in_o the_o save_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o general_a word_n no_o such_o thing_n a_o exception_n can_v be_v but_o of_o a_o thing_n contain_v in_o former_a word_n if_o therefore_o the_o grant_n will_v have_v extend_v to_o wooll-fells_a if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v special_o except_v then_o do_v i_o conclude_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v extend_v to_o all_o other_o merchandize_v not_o except_v for_o the_o word_n be_v general_a and_o so_o i_o leave_v this_o law_n clear_v of_o all_o objection_n and_o very_o full_a against_o imposition_n the_o next_o statute_n make_v against_o they_o be_v 14_o ed._n 3._o objection_n the_o four_o statute_n urge_v against_o imposition_n 14_o e_z 3._o cap._n 11._o clear_v from_o objection_n cap._n 21._o by_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o law_n you_o may_v perceive_v that_o whereas_o the_o commons_o have_v pray_v the_o king_n not_o to_o take_v of_o wool_n wooll-fells_a leather_n tyn_n or_o lead_v any_o more_o than_o the_o ancient_a custom_n the_o king_n pray_v they_o to_o grant_v he_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a which_o they_o grant_v whereupon_o the_o king_n by_o way_n of_o retribution_n and_o in_o answer_n of_o their_o petition_n as_o touch_v the_o wool_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v enact_v for_o their_o security_n in_o time_n to_o come_v that_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o heir_n will_v demand_v assess_v nor_o take_v more_o custom_n of_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n than_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n and_o so_o likewise_o upon_o wool_n and_o leather_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ancient_a custom_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n all_o this_o while_n there_o be_v no_o answer_n give_v touch_v the_o tyn_n and_o lead_v mention_v in_o the_o petition_n upon_o which_o as_o it_o appear_v the_o king_n have_v also_o lay_v imposition_n but_o there_o do_v follow_v certain_a general_a word_n by_o which_o not_o only_o tyn_n and_o lead_v but_o all_o other_o commodity_n whatsoever_o be_v free_v from_o imposition_n the_o word_n be_v the_o king_n promise_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o of_o his_o parliament_n no_o more_o to_o charge_n set_v or_o assess_v upon_o the_o custom_n but_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a except_o these_o word_n do_v extend_v to_o lead_v and_o tyn_n to_o free_v they_o from_o imposition_n for_o time_n to_o come_v as_o well_o as_o wool_n wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n be_v free_v by_o the_o former_a special_a word_n their_o petition_n touch_v tyn_n and_o lead_n be_v no_o way_n answer_v and_o if_o they_o do_v extend_v to_o tyn_n and_o lead_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o generalty_n of_o the_o word_n they_o do_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n extend_v to_o all_o commodity_n for_o what_o more_o liberal_a word_n can_v there_o be_v than_o these_o that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o charge_v set_v or_o assess_v upon_o the_o custom_n these_o word_n the_o custom_n be_v word_n indefinite_a be_v you_o know_v equivalent_a to_o a_o universal_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n indefinitum_fw-la aequipollet_fw-la universali_fw-la and_o although_o the_o king_n do_v but_o promise_v yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o this_o case_n his_o promise_n be_v a_o law_n and_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o observe_n that_o the_o lord_n do_v in_o very_o extraordinary_a and_o unusual_a manner_n solemn_o undertake_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v that_o they_o shall_v procure_v the_o king_n to_o hold_v the_o same_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v in_o no_o wise_a assent_n to_o the_o contrary_a if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o in_o full_a parliament_n and_o for_o the_o great_a surety_n and_o to_o give_v cause_n to_o eschew_v all_o counsel_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o ordinance_n the_o prelate_n have_v promise_v to_o give_v sentence_n upon_o they_o that_o counsel_n against_o the_o same_o in_o any_o point_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n in_o print_n the_o statute_n of_o 14_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 21._o be_v yield_v unto_o by_o the_o king_n par._n 13._o ed._n 4._o no._n 5._o ro._n par._n upon_o a_o petition_n exhibit_v the_o parliament_n before_o both_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o a_o law_n may_v be_v make_v against_o imposition_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 13_o year_n of_o ed._n 3._o at_o which_o time_n they_o likewise_o pray_v that_o the_o king_n will_v be_v please_v to_o grant_v they_o a_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n to_o be_v enrol_v in_o parliament_n the_o statute_n you_o have_v hear_v the_o charter_n follow_v in_o our_o print_a book_n immediate_o after_o the_o statute_n where_o the_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n thereof_o recite_v the_o great_a gift_n that_o he_o have_v give_v he_o at_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o 9_o fleece_n 9_o sheep_n &_o 9_o lamb_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o very_a extraordinary_a great_a gift_n and_o therefore_o his_o grant_n in_o regard_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v so_o much_o more_o beneficial_o do_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n grant_v to_o his_o subject_n in_o these_o word_n from_o henceforth_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v charge_v nor_o grieve_v to_o make_v any_o aid_n or_o to_o sustain_v charge_n if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o our_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o in_o parliament_n it_o have_v be_v object_v that_o these_o word_n aid_n and_o charge_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o charge_n within_o the_o land_n such_o as_o be_v tax_n and_o tallage_n answer_v a_o objection_n that_o the_o stat_fw-la of_o 14_o ed._n 3._o an._n 21_o extend_v only_o to_o imposition_n within_o the_o land_n and_o not_o to_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n be_v answer_v and_o not_o of_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a objection_n make_v or_o indeed_o can_v be_v make_v against_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o can_v say_v no_o more_o than_o already_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o matter_n of_o record_n for_o the_o open_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o statute_n viz._n that_o this_o charter_n and_o the_o last_o statute_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o petition_n exhibit_v in_o parliament_n for_o a_o law_n and_o charter_n to_o be_v make_v against_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o therefore_o that_o conjecture_n of_o they_o that_o it_o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o tax_n and_o not_o to_o imposition_n can_v but_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n especial_o since_o there_o be_v not_o in_o the_o petition_n any_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o tax_n or_o tallage_n or_o of_o any_o other_o charge_n or_o aid_v but_o imposition_n only_o than_o which_o there_o can_v almost_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n then_o that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v upon_o this_o petition_n be_v to_o be_v expound_v against_o imposition_n which_o if_o this_o petition_n have_v not_o be_v extant_a will_v with_o no_o less_o clearness_n have_v be_v prove_v by_o consider_v the_o mischief_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n which_o be_v not_o tallage_n or_o tax_n but_o those_o heavy_a imposition_n of_o four_o pound_n and_o five_o pound_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o 11._o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o of_o which_o i_o have_v former_o make_v mention_v so_o as_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o the_o first_o intention_n against_o dispensation_n for_o money_n with_o a_o penal_a law_n though_o the_o occasion_n be_v particular_a yet_o the_o word_n be_v general_a i_o hold_v that_o with_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v extend_v against_o all_o dispensation_n with_o penal_a law_n for_o money_n in_o particular_a i_o hold_v that_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n by_o dispensation_n with_o the_o statute_n

their_o opinion_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o colourable_o to_o be_v maintain_v and_o that_o to_o maintain_v the_o same_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o induce_v my_o conclusion_n and_o although_o to_o admit_v it_o it_o may_v seem_v perhaps_o no_o good_a policy_n of_o argument_n but_o rather_o a_o great_a disadvantage_n to_o i_o to_o admit_v that_o without_o which_o the_o contrary_a part_n can_v uphold_v their_o opinion_n and_o which_o be_v admit_v can_v make_v any_o thing_n for_o i_o yet_o because_o we_o be_v here_o not_o as_o arguer_n at_o the_o bar_n but_o as_o judge_n in_o a_o high-court_n and_o that_o all_o our_o end_n tend_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o truth_n i_o will_v therefore_o not_o only_o admit_v it_o but_o will_v maintain_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n i_o collect_v law_n that_o there_o be_v ever_o some_o custom_n due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n first_o by_o the_o name_n thereof_o for_o though_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v and_o so_o have_v be_v for_o more_o than_o 350_o year_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n more_o full_o anon_o to_o open_v unto_o you_o call_v in_o our_o law-latin_a custuma_n yet_o in_o ancient_a time_n it_o have_v no_o other_o name_n here_o among_o we_o for_o i_o mean_v not_o to_o wander_v into_o forreign-learning_n then_o consuetudo_fw-la as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o per_fw-la rectas_fw-la &_o antiquas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la for_o i_o shall_v anon_o direct_o prove_v unto_o you_o that_o consuetudo_fw-la in_o that_o place_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v a_o usage_n as_o have_v be_v say_v but_o in_o that_o sense_n which_o i_o take_v it_o this_o name_n consuetudo_fw-la in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v also_o find_v in_o many_o ancient_a record_n bring_v into_o this_o house_n upon_o the_o late_a search_n that_o this_o name_n than_o consuetudo_fw-la which_o imply_v a_o approve_a continuance_n without_o a_o know_a beginning_n shall_v by_o the_o common-law_n be_v give_v to_o this_o revenue_n more_o than_o to_o any_o other_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n nay_o that_o this_o term_n which_o be_v the_o common_a and_o general_a name_n to_o all_o common_a and_o approve_a usage_n of_o what_o nature_n or_o kind_n soever_o shall_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o duty_n rather_o than_o to_o any_o other_o among_o all_o the_o ancient_a usage_n and_o custom_n which_o the_o common-law_n embrace_v can_v but_o denote_v the_o great_a antiquity_n thereof_o and_o more_o than_o so_o the_o allowance_n and_o approbation_n thereof_o by_o the_o common-law_n for_o doubtless_o if_o beside_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o duty_n the_o common-law_n have_v not_o also_o allow_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o it_o and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o necessity_n of_o it_o it_o will_v never_o have_v denote_v it_o unto_o we_o by_o this_o name_n of_o excellency_n above_o all_o other_o custom_n which_o require_v reasonableness_n as_o well_o as_o antiquity_n therefore_o doubtless_o this_o duty_n thus_o favour_v be_v a_o child_n of_o the_o common-law_n nay_o far_o it_o be_v of_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o a_o custom_n to_o have_v his_o only_a beginning_n by_o allowance_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o that_o which_o begin_v by_o private_a contract_n of_o party_n or_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n &_o depend_v not_o whole_o upon_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o common-law_n by_o one_o of_o which_o three_o way_n all_o thing_n considerable_a in_o law_n have_v their_o commencement_n can_v be_v call_v or_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o name_n or_o deed_n moreover_o consider_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v not_o limit_v to_o any_o one_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n we_o shall_v so_o little_a need_n to_o be_v curious_a in_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n as_o we_o may_v bold_o pronounce_v it_o to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o common-law_n itself_o thus_o you_o see_v that_o the_o very_a name_n consuetudo_fw-la prove_v custom_n to_o be_v a_o duty_n by_o common-law_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o which_o statute_n be_v make_v little_o more_o than_o 150_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n term_v this_o not_o only_a consuetudo_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v imply_v antiquity_n beyond_o all_o remembrance_n of_o a_o beginning_n but_o antiqua_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la not_o only_a custom_n but_o old_a and_o ancient_a custom_n and_o in_o comparison_n to_o this_o old_a custom_n due_a at_o common-law_n the_o custom_n upon_o staple_n commodity_n give_v or_o increase_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 3_o e._n 1._o not_o print_v be_v call_v nova_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la before_o the_o make_n of_o which_o statute_n of_o 3_o e._n 1._o you_o may_v further_o see_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a for_o a_o 52._o h._n 3._o in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o exchequer_n print_v you_o may_v read_v that_o the_o collector_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o wool_n be_v to_o yield_v their_o account_n twice_o every_o year_n into_o the_o exchequer_n but_o that_o which_o most_o of_o all_o move_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o this_o duty_n be_v and_o be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n be_v this_o that_o in_o all_o case_n where_o the_o common-law_n put_v the_o king_n to_o sustain_v charge_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o always_o yield_v he_o out_o of_o the_o thing_n protect_v some_o gain_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o charge_n as_o for_o the_o protection_n of_o ward_n lunatic_n and_o idiot_n the_o profit_n of_o their_o land_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o give_v he_o fine_n for_o purchase_v of_o original_a writ_n and_o fines_n pro_fw-la licentia_fw-la concordandi_fw-la which_o in_o supposition_n of_o law_n be_v no_o other_o than_o fines_n pay_v for_o not_o proceed_v according_o to_o the_o surety_n by_o pledge_n put_v in_o upon_o purchase_n of_o the_o original_a and_o for_o trouble_v without_o cause_n the_o king_n justice_n who_o be_v maintain_v in_o their_o place_n at_o the_o king_n charge_n there_o be_v many_o the_o like_a profit_n of_o court_n give_v by_o the_o common-law_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o the_o administer_a of_o justice_n this_o observation_n which_o may_v be_v further_o prove_v by_o divers_a other_o instance_n in_o thing_n of_o other_o nature_n make_v i_o to_o think_v that_o because_o the_o common-law_n expect_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v protect_v merchant_n in_o their_o trade_n by_o maintain_v repair_v and_o fortify_v the_o havens_n at_o home_n by_o clear_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o enemy_n in_o their_o passage_n and_o by_o maintain_v ambassador_n abroad_o to_o treat_v with_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o all_o such_o occasion_n that_o it_o also_o give_v he_o out_o of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v some_o profit_n for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o this_o public_a charge_n otherwise_o be_v the_o law_n very_o unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a so_o as_o to_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o common-law_n custom_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n i_o shall_v need_v to_o say_v no_o more_o especial_o consider_v it_o have_v not_o only_o be_v yield_v to_o but_o prove_v by_o those_o which_o maintain_v a_o contrary_a conclusion_n i_o will_v therefore_o proceed_v to_o my_o second_o consideration_n whether_o that_o profit_n upon_o merchandize_n which_o the_o common-law_n for_o these_o respect_n give_v unto_o the_o king_n be_v a_o duty_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v increase_v or_o enhance_v at_o the_o king_n will_v and_o pleasure_n without_o a_o common_a assent_n in_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o whether_o the_o common_a law_n have_v leave_v a_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o king_n to_o demand_v in_o this_o case_n more_o or_o less_o at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o to_o compel_v his_o subject_n to_o pay_v it_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o question_n will_v as_o i_o conceive_v make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o controversy_n between_o we_o for_o what_o be_v these_o imposition_n which_o we_o complain_v of_o other_o than_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o custom_n by_o the_o king_n absolute_a pleasure_n that_o this_o duty_n give_v by_o the_o common-law_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v unto_o the_o king_n certain_a that_o custom_n due_a by_o common_a law_n be_v a_o sum_n certain_a be_v and_o be_v a_o duty_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v enhance_a by_o the_o king_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n without_o assent_n parliament_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a clear_o to_o prove_v unto_o you_o in_o maintenance_n of_o which_o i_o will_v use_v some_o argument_n of_o direct_a proof_n and_o other_o of_o great_a presumption_n and_o probability_n and_o first_o i_o lay_v this_o as_o a_o ground_n which_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o by_o any_o man_n that_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n as_o also_o all_o other_o wise_a

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if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o and_o therefore_o without_o more_o say_n i_o may_v here_o conclude_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n be_v and_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o way_n of_o imposition_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o other_o revenue_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o well_o as_o custom_n if_o they_o all_o or_o as_o many_o as_o we_o can_v call_v to_o mind_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v sum_v certain_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n will_v this_o will_v be_v a_o forcible_a argument_n that_o custom_n be_v likewise_o certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v inhannce_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n for_o this_o argument_n draw_v Ã _fw-la simili_fw-la be_v of_o great_a force_n and_o the_o most_o usual_a of_o any_o other_o in_o debate_n of_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la legibus_fw-la decisa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la index_n 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allege_v be_v he_o not_o to_o tender_v to_o the_o king_n a_o sum_n certain_a of_o a_o demy-mark_a to_o have_v this_o benefit_n be_v it_o ever_o more_o or_o less_o or_o can_v it_o now_o be_v more_o if_o the_o king_n will_v these_o among_o many_o other_o be_v duty_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n from_o the_o subject_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o the_o civilian_n call_v vectigal_a judiciarium_fw-la there_o be_v also_o in_o divers_a other_o case_n duty_n certain_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o for_o example_n the_o relief_n for_o a_o earldom_n be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o barony_n a_o hundred_o mark_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_v a_o hundred_o shilling_n all_o which_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o

magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n be_v call_v old_a and_o ancicient_a duty_n this_o be_v vectigal_a patrimoniale_a of_o which_o sort_n i_o can_v produce_v many_o other_o all_o which_o have_v like_o certainty_n nay_o there_o be_v one_o duty_n well_o know_v to_o we_o all_o which_o the_o common-law_n give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v in_o his_o nature_n a_o custom_n our_o very_a case_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o a_o certainty_n which_o he_o can_v exceed_v and_o that_o be_v prisage_n a_o duty_n give_v by_o the_o common-law_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o every_o shipload_v of_o wine_n bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o english_a merchant_n and_o be_v one_o tun_n of_o wine_n before_o the_o mast_n and_o another_o behind_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o more_o particular_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o let_v any_o man_n show_v i_o one_o particular_a to_o the_o contrary_a and_o i_o will_v then_o yield_v that_o my_o position_n be_v false_a in_o one_o may_v be_v 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require_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sovereign_n protection_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o subject_a against_o all_o wrong_n and_o injury_n whatsoever_o offer_v either_o by_o one_o subject_a to_o another_o or_o by_o the_o common_a enemy_n to_o they_o all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o this_o protection_n the_o law_n consider_v can_v be_v without_o a_o great_a charge_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o as_o christ_n say_v no_o man_n go_v to_o war_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n the_o common-law_n therefore_o have_v not_o only_o give_v the_o king_n great_a prerogative_n and_o favour_n touch_v his_o own_o patrimony_n more_o i_o believe_v than_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v but_o also_o have_v for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o his_o great_a and_o necessary_a expense_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n give_v he_o out_o of_o the_o interest_n and_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a a_o ample_a and_o very_o honourable_a revenue_n in_o very_a many_o particular_a case_n 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endanger_v hitcham_n sir_n robert_n hitcham_n and_o hereupon_o by_o the_o knight_n that_o last_o speak_v it_o be_v hold_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a war_n the_o king_n may_v not_o only_o lay_v imposition_n but_o levy_v a_o tax_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n which_o position_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o to_o admit_v this_o be_v by_o consequence_n to_o bring_v we_o into_o bondage_n you_o say_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o sudden_a war_n the_o king_n may_v levy_v a_o tax_n who_o shall_v be_v judge_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n of_o the_o occasion_n can_v it_o be_v try_v by_o any_o legal_a course_n in_o our_o law_n it_o can_v if_o then_o the_o king_n himself_o must_v be_v the_o sole_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n may_v levy_v a_o tax_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n see_v his_o pleasure_n can_v be_v bound_v by_o law_n you_o see_v into_o what_o a_o mischief_n the_o admittance_n of_o one_o error_n have_v draw_v you_o but_o for_o a_o full_a answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o say_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o the_o common-law_n be_v such_o and_o so_o excellent_a as_o that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o king_n charge_v upon_o any_o occasion_n of_o a_o sudden_a war_n it_o have_v over_o and_o above_o all_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n which_o it_o give_v the_o king_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n can_v indeed_o but_o fall_n short_a make_v a_o excellent_a provision_n for_o sir_n the_o war_n must_v needs_o be_v either_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a offensive_a must_v either_o be_v upon_o some_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o against_o the_o scot_n or_o welsh_a or_o other_o borderer_n within_o the_o island_n if_o it_o be_v a_o offensive_a war_n upon_o some_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o can_v be_v a_o sudden_a accident_n for_o it_o be_v the_o king_n own_o act_n and_o he_o may_v and_o it_o be_v fit_v he_o shall_v 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high_a and_o low_a whether_o he_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o not_o in_o case_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n may_v be_v compel_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o person_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n thirm_v in_o 7_o h._n 4._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v no_o pretence_n whatsoever_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n upon_o his_o subject_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n without_o their_o common_a assent_n in_o parliament_n i_o do_v then_o conclude_v this_o argument_n that_o see_v the_o common-law_n for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n ordinary_a charge_n have_v give_v he_o such_o a_o ample_a revenue_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n and_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o provide_v also_o for_o sudden_a occasion_n that_o in_o so_o do_v it_o have_v seclude_v and_o secure_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n estate_n from_o the_o king_n power_n and_o pleasure_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o power_n upon_o any_o occasion_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o charge_v the_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o imposition_n tallage_n or_o tax_n for_o i_o hold_v they_o all_o in_o one_o degree_n or_o any_o other_o burden_n whatsoever_o without_o the_o subject_n free_a and_o voluntary_a assent_n and_o that_o in_o parliament_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o you_o see_v how_o it_o be_v to_o the_o utter_a dissolution_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o politic_a frame_n &_o constitution_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n which_o i_o have_v open_v unto_o you_o and_o of_o that_o excellent_a wise_a providence_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o property_n and_o the_o avoidance_n of_o oppression_n these_o two_o argument_n use_v by_o i_o that_o

the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n against_o the_o pretend_a power_n of_o imposition_n maintain_v by_o a_o argument_n in_o parliament_n ano._n 7o._o jacob_n 1_o regis_n by_o william_n hakewil_n of_o lincoln_n inn_n esq_n london_n print_v by_o r._n h._n an._n dom._n 1641._o to_o the_o reader_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o a_o great_a injury_n late_o do_v i_o by_o the_o extreme_a false_a print_n of_o a_o small_a treatise_n of_o my_o compose_v steal_v out_o without_o my_o consent_n and_o hear_v accidental_o that_o some_o part_n of_o this_o also_o have_v pass_v the_o press_n i_o think_v good_a for_o the_o prevent_n of_o the_o like_a wrong_n to_o stay_v the_o forwardness_n of_o the_o printer_n until_o i_o have_v review_v and_o correct_v it_o by_o my_o own_o note_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v have_v be_v content_v altogether_o to_o have_v restrain_v it_o if_o i_o may_v but_o now_o see_v it_o must_v abroad_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o let_v it_o bear_v my_o name_n and_o own_o the_o error_n of_o it_o myself_o those_o of_o the_o press_n except_v though_o heretofore_o it_o have_v gain_v so_o much_o reputation_n by_o some_o as_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o worthy_a author_n some_o there_o be_v yet_o survive_v that_o hear_v this_o argument_n about_o thirty_o year_n since_o in_o the_o commons-house_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o have_v now_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o the_o probable_a proportion_n of_o a_o speech_n or_o argument_n by_o the_o insertion_n of_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o at_o large_a which_o at_o the_o delivery_n of_o it_o be_v but_o mere_o quote_v the_o endeavour_n of_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o just_a prerogative_n of_o our_o king_n never_o warrant_v they_o to_o raise_v money_n at_o their_o pleasure_n by_o lay_v a_o charge_n on_o merchandise_n to_o be_v export_v or_o import_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o settle_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o precedent_n of_o former_a age_n the_o act_n of_o our_o most_o necessitous_a and_o powerful_a prince_n and_o indeed_o every_o thing_n requisite_a to_o make_v the_o truth_n apparent_a do_v as_o it_o be_v unanimous_o consent_v to_o discharge_v we_o of_o this_o unjust_a and_o heavy_a burden_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v herein_o how_o the_o policy_n of_o active_a prince_n have_v by_o many_o way_n attempt_v to_o undermine_v those_o fortification_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n have_v raise_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o from_o this_o kind_n of_o assault_n you_o shall_v see_v with_o how_o great_a difficulty_n their_o prevail_a be_v withstand_v and_o which_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o truth_n you_o shall_v find_v those_o design_n which_o be_v lay_v to_o overthrow_v our_o right_n main_o to_o make_v for_o the_o evidence_n and_o confirmation_n of_o it_o for_o whatever_o unjust_a imposition_n be_v either_o exact_v by_o a_o pretend_a lawfullnesse_n or_o set_v up_o by_o a_o command_a power_n be_v by_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n present_o follow_v take_v down_o and_o remain_v on_o record_n as_o witness_n against_o themselves_o unlawful_a and_o against_o our_o liberty_n these_o reason_n and_o argument_n of_o i_o how_o mean_a soever_o those_o time_n wherein_o i_o urge_v they_o accept_v favourable_o and_o since_o in_o their_o private_a passage_n in_o manuscript_n be_v entertain_v in_o many_o judicious_a hand_n which_o make_v i_o somewhat_o enlarge_v the_o conceit_n that_o before_o i_o have_v of_o they_o and_o now_o see_v necessity_n enforce_v i_o to_o make_v they_o more_o public_a i_o must_v adventure_v they_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o these_o nice_a time_n beneficial_a happy_o they_o may_v be_v to_o some_o prejudicial_a i_o hope_v to_o none_o in_o which_o confidence_n have_v the_o leave_n of_o authority_n they_o have_v likewise_o my_o leave_n to_o go_v abroad_o vale._n w._n h._n the_o content_n 1_o that_o there_o be_v ever_o some_o custom_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n folio_fw-la 6._o 2_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a by_o the_o common-law_n folio_fw-la 10._o 3_o that_o all_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o common_a law_n give_v to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a be_v certain_a or_o reduceable_a to_o a_o certainty_n by_o some_o legal_a course_n and_o none_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n folio_fw-la 11._o 4_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n require_v such_o certainty_n in_o those_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n have_v out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a folio_fw-la 12._o 5_o example_n of_o revenue_n give_v by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o they_o be_v all_o certain_a folio_fw-la 13._o 6_o answer_n to_o a_o objection_n that_o the_o king_n may_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n folio_fw-la 21._o 7_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o action_n of_o our_o king_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o impose_v folio_fw-la 25._o 8_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o forbearance_n of_o our_o king_n to_o lay_v imposition_n notwithstanding_o their_o urgent_a occasion_n folio_fw-la 34._o 9_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o precedent_n urge_v of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o those_o which_o be_v now_o lay_v folio_fw-la 29._o 10_o a_o particular_a answer_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o 3_o in_o the_o pound_n lay_v upon_o merchant-stranger_n by_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 31_o ed._n 1._o folio_fw-la 42_o 43._o 11_o the_o urgent_a occasion_n which_o ed_n 2._o have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n and_o yet_o how_o he_o forbear_v folio_fw-la 48._o 12_o the_o several_a policy_n use_v by_o ed_n 3._o for_o the_o introduce_v of_o the_o power_n of_o impose_v 1._o imposition_n take_v by_o colour_n of_o a_o voluntary_a grant_n from_o merchant_n folio_n 49._o 2_o by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n wiih_o penal_a law_n folio_n 59_o 3_o by_o way_n of_o ordinance_n in_o parliament_n folio_n 61._o 4_o by_o colour_n of_o a_o loane_n by_o merchant_n folio_n 64._o 5_o by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o folio_n 65._o 6_o by_o express_v and_o direct_a commandment_n folio_fw-la 66._o with_o several_a answer_n to_o all_o these_o several_a way_n 13_o in_o what_o statute_n imposition_n be_v mention_v after_o edw._n 3._o time_n until_o qu._n mary_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n and_o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v folio_fw-la 73._o 14_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n imposition_n toll_n maletolt_n custuma_n &_o consuetudo_fw-la magna_fw-la &_o parva_fw-la folio_fw-la 73_o 103._o 15_o no_o imposition_n lay_v from_o edw._n 3._o time_n till_o qu._n mary_n folio_fw-la 78._o 16_o what_o urgent_a occasion_n all_o the_o king_n from_o edw._n 3._o till_o qu._n mary_n time_n have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n and_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o rich._n 2._o f._n 79._o hen._n 4._o f._n 82._o hen._n 5._o f._n 84._o hen_n 6._o f._n 85._o edw._n 4._o f._n 85._o hen._n 7._o f._n 86._o hen_n 8._o f._n 89._o edw._n 6_o f_o 92._o with_o a_o corolary_n of_o all_o those_o time_n and_o occasion_n folio_fw-la 92._o 17_o the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o q._n mary_n and_o how_o answer_v folio_fw-la 93._o 18_o admit_v the_o king_n have_v power_n by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o lay_v imposition_n yet_o how_o they_o be_v bar_v by_o statute_n folio_fw-la 98._o 19_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o urge_v against_o imposition_n and_o the_o objection_n make_v against_o it_o answer_v 1_o objection_n that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n f._n 100_o 2_o that_o it_o be_v make_v only_o against_o tax_n within_o the_o land_n f._n 101._o 3_o that_o by_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v salve_v folio_fw-la 111._o 20_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la urge_v with_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n make_v thereunto_o folio_n 113._o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n tallage_n aid_n subsidy_n folio_fw-la 112_o 114._o 21_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 1._o cap._n 7._o urge_v against_o imposition_n and_o clear_v from_o objection_n 1_o that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o excess_n of_o impositition_n and_o not_o against_o the_o right_n f._n 115_o 116._o 2_o that_o it_o be_v only_o against_a imposition_n on_o wool_n folio_fw-la 118._o 22_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 21._o urge_v against_o imposition_n and_o clear_v from_o objection_n 1_o that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o imposition_n within_o the_o land_n and_o not_o upon_o merchandize_n with_o a_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n charge_n folio_fw-la 118_o 121._o 23_o answer_n to_o the_o reason_n urge_v in_o maintenance_n of_o imposition_n 1_o that_o because_o it_o can_v appear_v that_o the_o ancient_a custom_n be_v set_v by_o parliament_n therefore_o they_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n folio_n

125._o the_o antiquity_n of_o parliament_n folio_fw-la 128._o 24_o answer_n to_o the_o the_o second_o reason_n urge_v for_o imposition_n that_o the_o king_n may_v total_o restrain_v importation_n and_o exportation_n and_o therefore_o may_v restrain_v sub_fw-la modo_fw-la by_o lay_v imposition_n folio_fw-la 124_o 125_o etc._n etc._n 25_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o reason_n that_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o on_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v folio_fw-la 136._o 26_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v merchant_n and_o safeguard_v the_o sea_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o may_v lay_v moderate_a imposition_n for_o raise_v of_o many_o to_o defray_v his_o charge_n folio_fw-la 138._o 27_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v and_o if_o our_o king_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a it_o may_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o this_o state_n ibid._n 28_o a_o summary_n conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a argument_n folio_fw-la 141._o mr._n speaker_n the_o question_n now_o in_o debate_n among_o we_o be_v whether_o his_o m_n tie_v may_v by_o his_o prerogative_n royal_a without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n at_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n lay_v a_o new_a charge_n or_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o or_o out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o enforce_v merchant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o when_o this_o point_n be_v first_o stir_v among_o we_o and_o that_o we_o not_o content_v to_o seek_v redress_n for_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o present_a imposition_n resolve_v to_o proceed_v far_o by_o call_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o impose_v into_o question_n i_o be_v very_o sorry_a for_o i_o see_v we_o be_v then_o in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o have_v obtain_v a_o very_a great_a abatement_n of_o the_o imposition_n that_o now_o be_v and_o beside_o we_o have_v his_o majesty_n promise_n never_o to_o lay_v any_o more_o but_o in_o parliament_n time_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o free_a consent_n of_o his_o subject_n repair_v hither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a ease_n and_o gracious_a promise_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v give_v i_o i_o confess_v a_o full_a satisfaction_n especial_o see_v i_o be_v confident_o persuade_v that_o his_o majesty_n right_a to_o impose_v be_v very_o clear_a and_o not_o to_o be_v dispute_v and_o that_o therefore_o by_o draw_v into_o question_n the_o right_n we_o may_v give_v his_o majesty_n just_a occasion_n to_o withdraw_v from_o we_o his_o gracious_a purpose_n of_o the_o present_a abatement_n as_o also_o his_o promise_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o sir_n when_o the_o case_n of_o bates_n who_o as_o you_o know_v be_v call_v into_o question_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o curran_n be_v argue_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o which_o case_n his_o majesty_n right_a to_o impose_v be_v solemn_o dispute_v and_o there_o resolve_v for_o his_o majesty_n i_o be_v then_o present_a at_o all_o the_o argument_n both_o at_o the_o bar_n and_o at_o the_o bench_n and_o i_o do_v confess_v that_o by_o the_o weighty_a and_o unanswerable_a reason_n as_o i_o then_o conceive_v they_o of_o those_o grave_n and_o reverend_a judge_n savil._n flâ—ming_v ch._n bar._n clarke_n savil._n sit_v in_o their_o seat_n of_o justice_n i_o be_v much_o persuade_v but_o by_o those_o many_o record_n vouch_v by_o they_o i_o be_v altogether_o overcome_v and_o as_o it_o be_v vanquish_v to_o yield_v to_o they_o for_o sir_n ratio_fw-la suadet_fw-la anthoritas_fw-la vincit_fw-la but_o though_o i_o be_v then_o and_o when_o the_o question_n be_v first_o move_v in_o this_o house_n very_o confident_a yet_o as_o you_o shall_v perceive_v anon_o i_o be_v not_o very_o constant_a in_o that_o opinion_n for_o be_v among_o other_o employ_v by_o this_o house_n to_o make_v search_n in_o the_o exchequer_n for_o record_n which_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o former_a age_n may_v guide_v our_o judgement_n in_o this_o weighty_a point_n and_o have_v diligent_o collect_v the_o argument_n make_v in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o compare_v my_o own_o collection_n with_o report_n thereof_o make_v by_o divers_a other_o of_o my_o friend_n &_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o record_n urge_v in_o those_o argument_n be_v untrue_o vouch_v and_o many_o misaply_v i_o then_o begin_v to_o stagger_v in_o my_o opinion_n and_o present_o fall_v to_o examine_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o have_v be_v allege_v which_o in_o my_o poor_a censure_n i_o find_v not_o of_o strength_n sufficient_a without_o the_o full_a concurrence_n of_o clear_a precedent_n of_o former_a time_n to_o maintain_v the_o judgement_n give_v or_o my_o opinion_n ground_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o sir_n in_o love_n to_o the_o truth_n i_o do_v forsake_v my_o former_a opinion_n as_o erroneous_a and_o do_v now_o embrace_v the_o contrary_a that_o be_v that_o his_o majesty_n have_v no_o right_a to_o impose_v and_o so_o be_o now_o become_v a_o convert_n those_o reason_n that_o move_v i_o thus_o to_o change_v and_o the_o weakness_n which_o i_o discover_v in_o the_o reason_n allege_v against_o the_o opinion_n which_o i_o now_o hold_v i_o will_v with_o your_o patience_n open_a unto_o you_o and_o will_v therein_o follow_v the_o commandment_n of_o christ_n to_o peter_n be_v convert_v seek_v to_o convert_v my_o brethren_n as_o touch_v the_o judgement_n in_o the_o exchequer_n stand_v yet_o in_o force_n so_o often_o cast_v as_o a_o block_n in_o our_o way_n though_o i_o much_o reverence_n the_o person_n of_o those_o yet_o live_v and_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o god_n who_o give_v the_o judgement_n yet_o see_v as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a evident_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v against_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o our_o liberty_n i_o can_v esteem_v no_o otherwise_o of_o it_o then_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o ed._n 1._o cap._n 10._o pronounce_v of_o all_o such_o judgement_n that_o be_v that_o it_o be_v void_a and_o to_o be_v hold_v for_o nought_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v good_a to_o say_v by_o way_n of_o preamble_n or_o introduction_n to_o the_o matter_n now_o by_o your_o favour_n i_o will_v enter_v into_o the_o debate_n of_o the_o question_n in_o handle_v of_o which_o i_o will_v purposely_o avoid_v the_o repetition_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v speak_v by_o any_o man_n that_o have_v argue_v before_o as_o know_v in_o what_o presence_n i_o speak_v that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o convey_v myself_o through_o my_o argument_n and_o be_v the_o better_o conceive_v of_o you_o that_o be_v to_o hear_v i_o i_o will_v divide_v that_o which_o i_o have_v to_o say_v into_o certain_a part_n which_o i_o will_v prosecute_v in_o order_n first_o i_o hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v whether_o custom_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n second_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n or_o otherwise_o three_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o common-law_n the_o king_n may_v by_o way_n of_o imposition_n have_v increase_v his_o custom_n at_o his_o own_o will_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n whether_o or_o no_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o which_o part_n i_o will_v consider_v the_o strength_n of_o every_o act_n of_o parliament_n hitherto_o vouch_v to_o this_o purpose_n answer_v as_o i_o go_v such_o objection_n as_o have_v be_v make_v against_o those_o statute_n by_o such_o as_o have_v maintain_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o they_o i_o will_v also_o add_v a_o statute_n or_o two_o as_o yet_o not_o remember_v by_o any_o last_o i_o will_v discover_v unto_o you_o the_o weakness_n of_o such_o reason_n as_o have_v be_v make_v in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n right_a to_o impose_v in_o the_o prosecute_n of_o which_o part_n i_o will_v as_o occasion_n be_v offer_v give_v some_o answer_n to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v last_o speak_v as_o know_v it_o to_o be_v expect_v at_o my_o hand_n hitcham_n by_o sir_n robert_n hitcham_n first_o then_o to_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v by_o the_o common-law_n any_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o merchandise_n to_o be_v carry_v into_o or_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o custom_n though_o the_o maintenance_n of_o custom_n to_o be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n be_v a_o point_n of_o such_o consequence_n to_o they_o that_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_a to_o impose_v as_o without_o the_o uphold_v of_o which_o

of_o certainty_n and_o this_o of_o the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o common-law_n be_v in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n argument_n of_o direct_a proof_n that_o the_o king_n can_v impose_v i_o will_v now_o according_a to_o my_o division_n urge_v a_o argument_n or_o two_o of_o inference_n and_o presumption_n the_o rather_o because_o argument_n of_o this_o nature_n have_v be_v much_o enforce_v by_o those_o who_o have_v maintain_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n bacon_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n especial_o by_o mr._n solicitor_n i_o call_v they_o argument_n of_o inference_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n those_o which_o i_o shall_v urge_v be_v also_o of_o good_a proof_n such_o as_o they_o be_v you_o shall_v judge_v of_o they_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o action_n or_o forbearance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o from_o the_o action_n and_o forbearance_n of_o the_o people_n first_o in_o the_o action_n and_o forbearance_n of_o the_o king_n impose_v argument_n draw_v from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o king_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o impose_v i_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n since_o hen._n 3._o have_v seek_v and_o obtain_v a_o increase_n of_o custom_n more_o or_o less_o by_o the_o name_n of_o subsidy_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o their_o subject_n in_o parliament_n nay_o some_o of_o they_o and_o those_o not_o the_o weak_a in_o spirit_n or_o power_n but_o the_o most_o courageous_a and_o potent_a in_o that_o whole_a rank_n even_o that_o mighty_a and_o victorious_a prince_n king_n ed._n 3._o be_v to_o undertake_v a_o just_a and_o honourable_a war_n than_o which_o there_o can_v not_o happen_v a_o better_a or_o just_a occasion_n to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o his_o prerogative_n of_o impose_v do_v nevertheless_o at_o that_o time_n stoop_v so_o low_a in_o this_o point_n that_o he_o do_v in_o full_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o state_n pray_v his_o subject_n to_o grant_v he_o a_o relief_n in_o this_o kind_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n and_o that_o to_o endure_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o further_o be_v well_o content_a to_o suffer_v his_o prayer_n in_o that_o behalf_n to_o be_v enter_v of_o record_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o all_o posterity_n and_o the_o succeed_a king_n have_v also_o suffer_v the_o same_o to_o be_v print_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o print_a statute_n at_o large_a an._n 14._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 21._o be_v it_o likely_a that_o if_o any_o or_o all_o these_o king_n have_v think_v they_o have_v have_v in_o they_o any_o lawful_a power_n by_o just_a prerogative_n to_o have_v lay_v imposition_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o they_o will_v not_o rather_o have_v make_v use_n of_o that_o than_o have_v take_v this_o course_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o full_a of_o delay_n so_o prejudicial_a to_o their_o right_n so_o subject_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o people_n who_o never_o undergo_v burden_n but_o with_o murmur_v and_o much_o unwillingnes_n can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o hateful_a to_o the_o high_a spirit_n of_o a_o king_n than_o to_o subject_n himself_o to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o his_o people_n especial_o for_o matter_n of_o relief_n and_o that_o by_o way_n of_o prayer_n have_v lawful_a power_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o relieve_v himself_o without_o be_v behold_v to_o they_o if_o perhaps_o the_o king_n themselves_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o great_a prerogative_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v have_v they_o not_o always_o about_o they_o wise_a counsellor_n to_o assist_v they_o and_o such_o as_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o it_o nay_o if_o they_o have_v know_v any_o such_o lawful_a prerogative_n have_v they_o not_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n so_o to_o have_v do_v what_o a_o oversight_n be_v it_o of_o king_n ed._n 3._o and_o all_o his_o counsel_n so_o much_o to_o prejudice_v his_o right_n in_o so_o beneficial_a a_o prerogative_n as_o to_o suffer_v he_o upon_o record_n and_o that_o in_o parliament_n to_o pray_v for_o that_o which_o he_o may_v have_v take_v out_o of_o his_o absolute_a power_n can_v there_o almost_o be_v a_o more_o direct_a disclaim_n in_o the_o right_n to_o compare_v great_a thing_n with_o less_a if_o the_o lord_n by_o matter_n of_o record_n claim_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o villain_n it_o be_v a_o disclaimer_n of_o the_o villeinage_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v other_o noble_a and_o high_a prerogative_n i_o will_v only_o name_v two_o of_o they_o the_o make_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o the_o raise_n and_o abase_v of_o coin_n at_o their_o pleasure_n do_v they_o ever_o crave_v the_o assent_n of_o their_o subject_n in_o parliament_n to_o make_v a_o war_n their_o advice_n indeed_o they_o have_v sometime_o seek_v and_o their_o aid_n for_o treasure_n to_o maintain_v it_o the_o prerogative_n of_o raise_v and_o abase_v the_o value_n of_o money_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o put_v in_o practice_n by_o they_o and_o sometime_o strain_a to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o the_o king_n may_v well_o suppose_v the_o subject_n can_v not_o but_o be_v much_o discontent_n therewith_o and_o yet_o never_o any_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n do_v it_o by_o assent_n of_o parliament_n which_o perhaps_o some_o one_o mild_a king_n among_o so_o many_o will_v have_v do_v and_o it_o may_v be_v will_v also_o have_v pray_v his_o subject_n to_o yield_v thereto_o only_o to_o avoid_v the_o grudge_n of_o the_o people_n if_o the_o seek_n of_o assent_n in_o parliament_n have_v not_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o their_o successor_n and_o yet_o as_o for_o some_o of_o these_o king_n it_o may_v be_v suppose_v they_o make_v little_a conscience_n to_o prejudice_v a_o successor_n in_o one_o point_n that_o make_v no_o scruple_n total_o to_o depose_v a_o predecessor_n from_o his_o throne_n and_o all_o his_o regality_n and_o to_o usurp_v it_o to_o themselves_o and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o my_o next_o argument_n of_o inference_n draw_v from_o the_o action_n of_o our_o king_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o namely_o ed._n 2._o 2._o edward_n the_o 2._o in_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o ed._n 3._o in_o the_o 1._o and_o 24._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n here_o among_o we_o be_v content_v to_o accept_v a_o increase_n of_o their_o custom_n by_o way_n of_o loane_n from_o the_o merchant_n and_o solemn_o bind_v themselves_o to_o repay_v it_o again_o will_v any_o wise_a man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o think_v he_o have_v but_o a_o colour_n of_o right_n so_o much_o prejudice_v his_o himself_n as_o to_o borrow_v that_o which_o he_o may_v take_v without_o leave_n and_o bind_v himself_o to_o repay_v it_o if_o a_o poor_a man_n perhaps_o through_o fear_n may_v be_v enforce_v so_o far_o to_o yield_v to_o a_o mighty_a adversary_n yet_o that_o a_o powerful_a man_n shall_v stoop_v so_o low_a to_o one_o much_o weak_a than_o he_o nay_o that_o a_o king_n in_o a_o point_n of_o such_o consequence_n shall_v so_o far_o descend_v from_o his_o greatness_n as_o to_o borrow_v of_o his_o poor_a subject_n that_o which_o without_o be_v behold_v to_o he_o he_o may_v obtain_v as_o his_o right_n and_o bind_v himself_o to_o repay_v it_o again_o i_o say_v it_o can_v with_o any_o reason_n be_v imagine_v but_o withal_o it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o a_o king_n that_o shall_v so_o do_v do_v not_o think_v that_o he_o have_v so_o much_o as_o colour_v of_o right_a to_o impose_v i_o will_v not_o much_o press_n or_o enforce_v the_o action_n of_o ed._n 2._o who_o i_o confess_v be_v but_o a_o weak_a prince_n 3._o edward_n the_o 3._o but_o as_o for_o his_o son_n and_o successor_n ed._n 3._o there_o be_v not_o as_o i_o have_v say_v a_o stout_a a_o wise_a a_o more_o noble_a and_o courageous_a prince_n than_o he_o and_o none_o more_o careful_a to_o preserve_v the_o right_n of_o his_o prerogative_n as_o may_v evident_o appear_v by_o all_o his_o answer_n in_o parliament_n on_o any_o complaint_n of_o the_o subject_a beside_o never_o have_v king_n of_o this_o realm_n more_o occasion_n than_o he_o to_o strain_v this_o prerogative_n of_o impose_v to_o the_o utmost_a for_o beside_o his_o excessive_a expense_n in_o the_o war_n of_o france_n and_o scotland_n he_o have_v also_o a_o continual_a charge_n of_o many_o expensive_a child_n his_o wife_n queen_n philip_n have_v also_o for_o her_o maintenance_n a_o large_a allowance_n out_o of_o his_o revenue_n but_o the_o dowry_n of_o queen_n isabella_n his_o mother_n who_o live_v till_o about_o the_o 27._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v so_o great_a as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o writer_n that_o little_o more_o than_o the_o

of_o merchant_n in_o which_o petition_n i_o do_v observe_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o those_o day_n do_v distinguish_v even_o as_o we_o now_o do_v between_o imposition_n lay_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o imposition_n lay_v only_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n acknowledge_v that_o imposition_n lay_v by_o parliament_n be_v only_o lawful_a and_o condemn_v all_o other_o as_o unlawful_a for_o otherwise_o why_o shall_v they_o term_v the_o demy-marke_a which_o be_v lay_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 3._o ed._n 1._o droiturel_n maletout_a a_o lawful_a imposition_n but_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o these_o imposition_n grant_v by_o merchant_n which_o they_o then_o do_v complain_v of_o beside_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o merchant_n shall_v by_o their_o grant_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n charge_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o complain_v not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o excess_n or_o greatness_n of_o the_o imposition_n as_o of_o the_o unlawful_a manner_n of_o the_o raise_n of_o it_o by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n hitherto_o i_o have_v according_a to_o my_o division_n draw_v argument_n from_o that_o which_o our_o king_n have_v do_v and_o put_v in_o practice_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o custom_n i_o will_v now_o make_v some_o observation_n of_o their_o forbearance_n occasion_n argument_n draw_v from_o the_o forbearance_n of_o our_o king_n to_o lay_v imposition_n not_o withstand_v their_o great_a occasion_n to_o put_v this_o pretend_a power_n in_o practice_n consider_v the_o several_a occasion_n of_o the_o time_n which_o i_o will_v prosecute_v in_o order_n first_o therefore_o in_o general_a i_o observe_v that_o from_o the_o conquest_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n be_v no_o less_o than_o 480._o year_n space_n whatsoever_o the_o occasion_n be_v whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o king_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o pretend_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v the_o king_n have_v be_v so_o spare_v as_o notwithstanding_o this_o curious_a search_n that_o have_v be_v make_v wherein_o i_o suppose_v nothing_o that_o may_v make_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o question_n have_v escape_v we_o it_o can_v be_v find_v or_o prove_v by_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o six_o imposition_n such_o as_o we_o now_o complain_v of_o be_v lay_v by_o all_o those_o king_n who_o be_v in_o number_n 22._o and_o those_o six_o if_o they_o be_v so_o many_o though_o they_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o be_v they_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o be_v bear_v withal_o first_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v very_o moderate_a second_o that_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a and_o apparent_a necessity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o endure_v but_o for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o for_o none_o of_o they_o except_o only_o that_o upon_o wine_n lay_v 16._o e._n 1._o last_v long_o they_o be_v i_o say_v notwithstanding_o their_o unlawfulnesse_n yet_o in_o these_o other_o respect_n so_o far_o to_o be_v bear_v withal_o as_o if_o the_o imposition_n which_o be_v now_o lay_v have_v be_v so_o qualify_v we_o shall_v i_o suppose_v never_o have_v complain_v of_o they_o and_o yet_o not_o one_o of_o these_o few_o imposition_n lay_v in_o former_a time_n but_o be_v complain_v of_o and_o upon_o complaint_n take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n here_o among_o we_o how_o much_o more_o reason_n be_v there_o then_o that_o we_o shall_v expect_v the_o like_a justice_n now_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o merchandise_n alone_o as_o then_o but_o very_o near_o all_o the_o sort_n and_o several_a kind_n of_o merchandise_n that_o be_v be_v charge_v that_o not_o a_o moderate_a and_o easy_a charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o they_o but_o such_o as_o though_o we_o shall_v confess_v his_o majesty_n absolute_a power_n to_o lay_v what_o he_o listen_v yet_o we_o have_v just_a cause_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o excessivenesse_n of_o the_o burden_n for_o first_o the_o rate_n of_o merchandise_n for_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n and_o tonnage_n be_v extreme_o raise_v a_o thing_n also_o though_o lawful_a yet_o have_v be_v rare_o put_v in_o practice_n then_o come_v the_o impost_n upon_o the_o back_n of_o that_o and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o subsidy_n itself_o be_v in_o some_o few_o merchandise_n it_o be_v true_a the_o impost_n be_v perhaps_o less_o than_o the_o subsidy_n but_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o the_o impost_n be_v far_o more_o beside_o these_o imposition_n be_v not_o lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n but_o even_o then_o when_o we_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n except_o perhaps_o there_o be_v some_o spark_n of_o rebellion_n in_o ireland_n than_o not_o full_o quench_v last_o these_o imposition_n be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o former_a time_n be_v limit_v to_o endure_v for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o but_o be_v to_o come_v to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n for_o ever_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n in_o print_n prefix_v before_o the_o new_a book_n of_o rate_n so_o as_o if_o those_o few_o imposition_n lay_v in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v lawful_a yet_o can_v they_o not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v a_o warrant_n or_o precedent_n for_o our_o present_a imposition_n differ_v so_o far_o from_o they_o in_o all_o these_o point_n of_o consequence_n but_o if_o even_o those_o few_o so_o qualify_v as_o they_o be_v be_v complain_v of_o and_o take_v away_o what_o shall_v we_o then_o say_v of_o we_o so_o far_o exceed_v they_o in_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o irregularity_n beside_o if_o so_o few_o precedent_n as_o five_o or_o six_o in_o so_o many_o year_n space_n and_o those_o in_o time_n of_o so_o great_a necessity_n without_o any_o express_a judgement_n in_o law_n or_o good_a authority_n in_o approbation_n of_o they_o but_o accompany_v with_o as_o many_o complaint_n against_o they_o be_v argument_n enough_o to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o act_n i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o as_o well_o tax_n within_o the_o land_n as_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v lawful_a but_o to_o allege_v the_o act_n of_o king_n in_o raise_v a_o profit_n to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o subject_n to_o prove_v thereby_o their_o right_n be_v of_o all_o other_o argument_n that_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o when_o i_o tell_v you_o it_o can_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o record_n among_o we_o that_o from_o the_o conquest_n to_o queen_n mary_n time_n there_o have_v be_v any_o more_o than_o six_o imposition_n lay_v i_o do_v in_o that_o number_n limit_v myself_o to_o such_o imposition_n as_o those_o be_v which_o we_o now_o complain_v of_o for_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o that_o space_n many_o more_o imposition_n be_v lay_v but_o they_o be_v of_o a_o far_o differ_v nature_n from_o we_o differ_v i_o say_v not_o only_o in_o those_o circumstance_n by_o which_o i_o do_v even_o now_o compare_v the_o imposition_n of_o these_o time_n to_o those_o five_o or_o six_o of_o former_a age_n but_o in_o very_a essence_n and_o property_n insomuch_o as_o they_o may_v not_o proper_o be_v call_v imposition_n and_o yet_o the_o frequent_a practice_n of_o they_o have_v be_v object_v and_o rely_v upon_o as_o so_o many_o precedent_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o imposition_n now_o complain_v of_o it_o behove_v i_o therefore_o that_o in_o maintenance_n of_o my_o assertion_n that_o so_o few_o imposition_n have_v be_v lay_v as_o i_o have_v affirm_v that_o i_o open_v unto_o you_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v do_v yourselves_o will_v easy_o judge_v that_o the_o great_a part_n make_v nothing_o towards_o the_o defence_n of_o these_o present_a imposition_n for_o these_o imposition_n which_o now_o be_v in_o question_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o increase_n of_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o command_v by_o he_o to_o be_v take_v the_o passage_n be_v free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o man_n those_o other_o which_o make_v such_o a_o great_a show_n in_o number_n and_o be_v produce_v as_o so_o many_o precedent_n in_o maintenance_n of_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o so_o many_o dispensation_n or_o licence_n for_o money_n to_o pass_v with_o merchandize_n prohibit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v export_v as_o will_v evident_o appear_v by_o compare_v the_o time_n and_o examine_v the_o statute_n i_o will_v therefore_o in_o this_o place_n as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v run_v over_o those_o precedent_n that_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v allege_v by_o the_o contrary_a part_n out_o of_o those_o record_n which_o be_v here_o among_o we_o and_o leave_v

it_o to_o your_o judgement_n whether_o i_o maintain_v my_o assertion_n or_o be_v not_o rather_o better_o than_o my_o word_n for_o the_o number_n the_o first_o imposition_n by_o they_o allege_v doderig_n urge_v by_o flem._n clark_n doderig_n be_v that_o of_o 16._o ed._n 1._o which_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n be_v 4._o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n this_o indeed_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v a_o mere_a imposition_n such_o as_o be_v now_o in_o question_n and_o yet_o if_o i_o do_v deny_v it_o and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v lay_v by_o assent_n of_o parliament_n i_o know_v not_o how_o the_o contrary_a can_v be_v prove_v for_o though_o indeed_o the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v cum_fw-la rex_fw-la precipisset_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la doliis_fw-la vini_fw-la caperentur_fw-la 4._o solidi_fw-la it_o follow_v not_o that_o it_o be_v lay_v therefore_o only_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n for_o we_o see_v that_o even_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n though_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o full_a assent_n of_o all_o the_o three_o estate_n yet_o they_o have_v these_o word_n in_o their_o preamble_n rex_fw-la precepit_fw-la rex_fw-la vult_fw-la but_o as_o for_o recitall_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o commission_n and_o otherwise_o it_o be_v in_o those_o time_n usual_a to_o say_v cum_fw-la nuper_fw-la ordinaverimus_fw-la and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o the_o recital_n be_v cum_fw-la nuper_fw-la rex_fw-la precipisset_fw-la it_o be_v no_o clear_a proof_n that_o therefore_o it_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n nevertheless_o i_o will_v i_o say_v admit_v this_o to_o be_v a_o mere_a imposition_n and_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n and_o indeed_o as_o this_o be_v the_o first_o they_o produce_v so_o be_v it_o their_o best_a only_o this_o among_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o limit_v to_o endure_v for_o a_o time_n certain_a but_o give_v i_o 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i_o shall_v i_o hope_v clear_o prove_v unto_o you_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o rest_n the_o next_o precedent_n urge_v be_v a_o imposition_n of_o 40._o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n lay_v by_o e._n 1._o a_o 21._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o a_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o that_o year_n have_v be_v vouch_v i_o must_v confess_v i_o have_v not_o see_v that_o record_n but_o by_o another_o record_n of_o the_o same_o court_n an_z 26._o e._n 1._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o say_a imposition_n be_v not_o raise_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n but_o by_o grant_n and_o that_o also_o the_o same_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o to_o endure_v but_o two_o or_o three_o year_n if_o the_o war_n shall_v so_o long_o continue_v as_o will_v best_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n cum_fw-la custuma_fw-la 40_o nobis_fw-la in_o subsidium_fw-la guaerrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la contra_fw-la regem_fw-la francia_fw-la 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some_o this_o day_n have_v undertake_v to_o clear_v it_o wherein_o i_o will_v arrogate_v nothing_o to_o myself_o but_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o your_o censure_n it_o have_v be_v say_v by_o master_n solicitor_n that_o though_o this_o increase_n of_o custom_n may_v seem_v to_o some_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n yet_o that_o this_o grant_n of_o they_o be_v to_o no_o other_o purpose_n nor_o have_v other_o effect_n then_o only_o thereby_o to_o declare_v their_o assent_n for_o that_o that_o those_o which_o do_v grant_v be_v no_o corporation_n or_o body_n in_o the_o estimation_n of_o law_n and_o so_o can_v not_o bind_v any_o but_o themselves_o alone_o and_o not_o such_o as_o shall_v succeed_v they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n to_o accept_v and_o take_v this_o increase_n of_o custom_n that_o give_v it_o life_n at_o the_o first_o and_o strength_n to_o continue_v as_o a_o imposition_n till_o this_o very_a day_n for_o 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you_o that_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la in_o itself_o have_v not_o strength_n and_o virtue_n sufficient_a to_o subsist_v for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n it_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v suspend_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o an_z 3._o condemn_v by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o 5_o e._n 2_o and_o have_v at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o no_o more_o force_n than_o it_o be_v all_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 2._o after_o 3o._o that_o be_v of_o none_o at_o all_o have_v it_o not_o be_v confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n a_o 36._o ed._n 3._o cap._n this_o be_v only_o that_o which_o protect_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la against_o all_o those_o statute_n make_v against_o imposition_n and_o that_o have_v keep_v it_o in_o life_n till_o this_o day_n and_o this_o indeed_o i_o mean_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n that_o our_o law_n acknowledge_v for_o the_o lay_n or_o establish_v

yield_v to_o in_o parliament_n and_o grant_v for_o three_o year_n make_v a_o conditional_a petition_n that_o if_o any_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o wool_n wooll-fells_a or_o leather_n more_o than_o the_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o parliament_n that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v away_o the_o king_n answer_v that_o if_o any_o be_v lay_v since_o the_o statute_n it_o shall_v be_v take_v away_o and_o then_o follow_v the_o print_a statute_n an._n 45._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 4._o that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o wool_n wooll-fells_a or_o leather_n which_o be_v the_o first_o place_n where_o i_o find_v imposition_n name_v in_o our_o print_a book_n i_o find_v they_o first_o name_v upon_o my_o latin_a record_n 12._o ed._n 3._o in_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o first_o upon_o any_o record_n in_o french_a not_o print_v an._n 21._o ed._n 3._o num._n 16._o ro._n parliament_n but_o to_o proceed_v about_o a_o year_n follow_v this_o parliament_n of_o 45._o near_o which_o time_n the_o subsidy_n grant_v an._n 43._o parl._n 46._o ed._n 3._o nu._n 10._o ro._n parl._n for_o three_o year_n be_v expire_v there_o be_v another_o subsidy_n of_o forty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n as_o much_o upon_o twelve_o score_n wooll-fells_a and_o five_o pound_n upon_o a_o last_o of_o leather_n above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n grant_v in_o parliament_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n in_o guienne_n to_o endure_v for_o two_o year_n for_o which_o the_o king_n likewise_o give_v thanks_o the_o next_o year_n follow_v the_o subsidy_n grant_v the_o last_o parliament_n parl._n 46._o ed._n 3._o nu._n 12_o ro._n parl._n be_v continue_v from_o michaelmas_n for_o a_o year_n without_o any_o condition_n and_o for_o the_o next_o year_n upon_o condition_n among_o other_o thing_n that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v during_o the_o two_o year_n scac._n 48._o e._n 3._o ro._n 2._o orig._n de_fw-fr scac._n and_o that_o the_o money_n levy_v be_v employ_v upon_o the_o war_n in_o the_o next_o year_n follow_v the_o king_n take_v as_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n of_o denizen_n fifty_o shilling_n and_o of_o stranger_n four_o mark_n upon_o 240._o wooll-fells_a of_o denizen_n fifty_o shilling_n and_o of_o stranger_n four_o mark_n and_o upon_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n of_o denizen_n five_o pound_n and_o of_o stranger_n eight_o mark_n though_o this_o record_n pretend_v nothing_o but_o the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n yet_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o other_o than_o a_o dispensation_n for_o so_o much_o money_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v not_o open_a other_z then_o to_o calais_n where_o the_o staple_n than_o be_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o two_o record_n of_o 38._o ed._n 3._o ro._n parl._n &_o 50._o ed._n 3._o num._n 24._o and_o yet_o you_o may_v see_v how_o hateful_a even_o these_o imposition_n by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n which_o be_v far_o more_o tolerable_a than_o our_o present_a imposition_n be_v in_o those_o day_n for_o within_o two_o year_n follow_v one_o richard_z lion_n 1â—â€¦â—â€¦_n lion_n 5â—â€¦_n 1â—â€¦â—â€¦_n farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n among_o other_o thing_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n be_v accuse_v in_o parliament_n for_o set_v or_o procure_v to_o be_v set_v new_a imposition_n not_o show_v of_o what_o nature_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n and_o be_v adjudge_v to_o forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o land_n parl._n 50_o e._n 3._o n._n ro._n parl._n but_o more_o particular_o the_o lord_n latymer_n lord_n chamberlain_n of_o england_n be_v express_o accuse_v that_o he_o combine_v with_o richard_n lion_n and_o other_o who_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n have_v procure_v and_o counsel_v the_o king_n to_o grant_v many_o licence_n for_o the_o transport_v of_o great_a quantity_n of_o wool_n beyond_o the_o sea_n other_o then_o to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n against_o divers_a ordinance_n and_o commandment_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o have_v put_v upon_o wool_n and_o woolfells_a new_a imposition_n here_o you_o see_v that_o the_o device_n of_o dispensation_n for_o money_n have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o imposition_n in_o those_o day_n though_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o in_o its_o nature_n a_o mere_a imposition_n or_o at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o those_o be_v which_o we_o complain_v of_o but_o such_o as_o it_o be_v you_o see_v how_o from_o time_n to_o time_n it_o have_v be_v condemn_v and_o how_o it_o be_v reckon_v up_o among_o the_o most_o heinous_a fault_n of_o those_o two_o great_a offender_n who_o though_o perhaps_o they_o be_v condemn_v also_o for_o other_o offence_n yet_o the_o lay_n of_o these_o to_o their_o charge_n do_v show_v the_o great_a hate_n general_o conceive_v against_o imposition_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o may_v here_o further_o add_v in_o proof_n of_o the_o invalidity_n of_o these_o dispensation_n that_o certain_a merchant_n have_v obtain_v some_o of_o these_o and_o have_v also_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o king_n proclamation_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n which_o restrain_v their_o passage_n yet_o they_o never_o think_v themselves_o secure_a from_o this_o punishment_n of_o the_o statute_n till_o they_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o statute_n print_v anno_fw-la 35_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 21._o to_o allege_v therefore_o any_o of_o this_o kind_n thereby_o to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o we_o can_v but_o argue_v a_o weak_a cause_n for_o first_o as_o i_o have_v say_v there_o be_v far_o more_o reason_n and_o colour_n for_o these_o then_o for_o we_o for_o in_o this_o case_n no_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v that_o do_v it_o not_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a mischief_n for_o by_o pay_v the_o imposition_n he_o be_v free_a from_o a_o grievous_a punishment_n for_o breach_n of_o a_o penal_a law_n which_o restrain_v his_o passage_n whereas_o in_o our_o case_n a_o charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o he_o for_o exercise_v his_o lawful_a trade_n where_o no_o statute_n law_n or_o common_a law_n be_v to_o the_o contrary_a but_o rather_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o make_v for_o he_o but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o object_v that_o the_o king_n may_v lawful_o restrain_v the_o breach_n of_o which_o restraint_n be_v a_o contempt_n and_o against_o law_n and_o that_o to_o impose_v do_v imply_v a_o restraint_n upon_o a_o penalty_n suppose_v it_o be_v so_o yet_o if_o in_o case_n where_o the_o restraint_n be_v not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o whole_a estate_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n for_o some_o urgent_a cause_n it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o give_v licence_n for_o money_n as_o you_o perceive_v it_o be_v how_o much_o more_o be_v it_o so_o where_o the_o restraint_n be_v for_o no_o other_o purpose_n then_o to_o raise_v a_o imposition_n as_o in_o our_o case_n but_o of_o this_o more_o large_o hereafter_o another_o devise_n of_o raise_v imposition_n without_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n parliament_n imposition_n raise_v by_o way_n of_o ordinance_n in_o parliament_n practise_v by_o ed._n 3._o be_v by_o way_n of_o ordinance_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n of_o strength_n unto_o a_o statute_n for_o it_o be_v a_o constitution_n make_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o all_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n not_o at_o the_o counsel_n table_n or_o in_o the_o king_n chamber_n but_o sit_v solemn_o in_o parliament_n and_o have_v also_o the_o like_a solemnity_n of_o enrolment_n that_o a_o statute_n have_v only_o it_o be_v enroll_v in_o a_o roll_n by_o itself_o which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o ordinance_n but_o the_o only_a essential_a difference_n between_o this_o and_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v that_o this_o have_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o some_o ordinance_n have_v have_v that_o estimation_n among_o we_o that_o they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o force_n of_o statute_n as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o merton_n make_v 20_o hen._n 3._o which_o though_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n without_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o yet_o have_v it_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n get_v not_o only_o the_o strength_n but_o the_o name_n also_o of_o a_o statute_n there_o be_v some_o other_o of_o this_o by_o nature_n and_o we_o find_v it_o usual_a that_o the_o name_n of_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n have_v be_v indifferent_o and_o confuse_o use_v to_o express_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o so_o as_o there_o be_v not_o any_o other_o more_o probable_a devise_n or_o invention_n to_o have_v bring_v the_o people_n under_o the_o yoke_n of_o imposition_n without_o their_o own_o assent_n than_o be_v this_o by_o the_o way_n of_o ordinance_n nay_o to_o add_v yet_o a_o further_a strength_n to_o

this_o high_a authority_n of_o a_o ordinance_n in_o parliament_n the_o assent_n also_o of_o merchant_n be_v usual_o join_v therewithal_o to_o make_v it_o have_v the_o clear_a passage_n with_o the_o subject_a and_o further_o it_o be_v never_o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n the_o first_o imposition_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o way_n of_o ordinance_n scac._n 7_o ed._n 3._o r_o 9_o orig._n de_fw-fr scac._n which_o i_o find_v among_o the_o record_n be_v 7_o e._n 3._o among_o the_o original_n of_o the_o exchequer_n where_o it_o be_v say_v by_o way_n of_o recital_n that_o the_o king_n consider_v how_o merchant_n which_o make_v great_a gain_n by_o trade_n ought_v aswell_o as_o other_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o treasure_n for_o his_o war_n especial_o consider_v how_o at_o their_o entreaty_n he_o have_v place_v the_o staple_n in_o england_n therefore_o at_o his_o parliament_n hold_v at_o york_n by_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o merchant_n shall_v yield_v unto_o the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n upon_o merchandize_n this_o subsidy_n or_o rather_o imposition_n thus_o solemn_o ordain_v and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o so_o great_a necessity_n be_v no_o soon_o establish_v then_o revoke_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o record_n whereupon_o the_o merchant_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n yield_v and_o free_o give_v ten_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n as_o much_o upon_o three_o hundred_o woolfel_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n upon_o last_o of_o leather_n for_o a_o short_a time_n by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n or_o licence_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n the_o like_a be_v find_v anno_fw-la 20._o e._n 3._o parl._n 20._o ed._n 3._o nu._n 18._o ro_n parl._n where_o the_o commons_o complain_v of_o a_o imposition_n of_o this_o kind_n lay_v by_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o parliament_n and_o by_o the_o agreement_n also_o of_o merchant_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v unto_o they_o but_o that_o their_o suit_n be_v just_a only_o it_o be_v answer_v they_o that_o as_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o that_o the_o king_n have_v take_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o divers_a merchant_n for_o his_o present_a necessity_n to_o be_v repay_v out_o of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v not_o be_v as_o yet_o discharge_v without_o great_a damage_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o merchant_n but_o the_o most_o material_a record_n against_o imposition_n by_o way_n of_o ordinance_n be_v the_o year_n follow_v where_o the_o king_n in_o excuse_n of_o imposition_n complain_v of_o answer_v that_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o time_n of_o great_a necessity_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o some_o of_o the_o commons_o then_o present_a nevertheless_o his_o pleasure_n be_v that_o such_o imposition_n not_o due_o lay_v be_v not_o draw_v into_o consequence_n but_o take_v away_o 21_o e._n 3._o no._n 17._o there_o be_v some_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n but_o never_o any_o that_o do_v abide_v the_o trial_n though_o they_o have_v always_o be_v accompany_v with_o all_o such_o circumstance_n as_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o give_v they_o passage_n without_o controllment_n as_o to_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n to_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o short_a time_n with_o consent_n of_o merchant_n if_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ordinance_n in_o parliament_n join_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o merchant_n be_v in_o those_o day_n not_o of_o force_n sufficient_a to_o uphold_v imposition_n much_o less_o will_v a_o order_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o counsel_n out_o of_o parliament_n uphold_v they_o at_o this_o day_n especial_o after_o so_o many_o year_n discontinuance_n another_o invention_n to_o raise_v imposition_n merchant_n imposition_n raise_v by_o way_n of_o loane_n by_o merchant_n practise_v by_o ed._n 3._o and_o in_o former_a time_n be_v by_o way_n of_o a_o pretend_a or_o feign_a loane_n from_o the_o merchant_n of_o so_o much_o above_o the_o old_a custom_n upon_o merchandise_n export_v or_o import_v which_o loane_n be_v never_o repay_v to_o the_o merchant_n that_o this_o be_v a_o old_a practice_n may_v be_v collect_v by_o the_o precedent_n 12._o of_o ed._n 2._o already_o cite_v where_o the_o king_n promise_v that_o without_o fiction_n or_o delay_n he_o will_v repay_v they_o their_o money_n imply_v thereby_o that_o sometime_o fiction_n have_v be_v use_v and_o doubtless_o that_o loan_n which_o be_v 11._o ed._n 2._o the_o very_a year_n before_o be_v such_o a_o feign_a loane_n as_o i_o speak_v of_o for_o otherwise_o without_o question_n the_o king_n will_v not_o have_v release_v part_n of_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o record_n that_o he_o do_v for_o if_o the_o money_n be_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la borrow_v and_o true_o intend_v to_o be_v repay_v then_o doubtless_o the_o course_n be_v lawful_a if_o otherwise_o i_o hold_v this_o kind_n also_o as_o unlawful_a as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n edward_n the_o three_o do_v once_o or_o twice_o borrow_v in_o this_o kind_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o record_n already_o cite_v to_o another_o purpose_n with_o which_o i_o will_v not_o again_o trouble_v you_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o device_n for_o raise_v of_o imposition_n begin_v indeed_o by_o ed._n 1_o and_o condemn_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 2._o they_o imposition_n raise_v by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o but_o revive_v and_o much_o practise_v by_o ed._n 3._o which_o be_v also_o by_o way_n of_o grant_n of_o merchant_n and_o yet_o not_o altogether_o the_o same_o that_o i_o first_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v so_o much_o practise_v by_o ed._n 3._o but_o be_v much_o more_o colourable_a and_o tolerable_a for_o whereas_o that_o be_v a_o grant_n or_o rather_o a_o mere_a gift_n without_o any_o thing_n grant_v back_o again_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o this_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o be_v a_o solemn_a grant_n indeed_o make_v by_o merchant_n of_o a_o increase_n of_o custom_n for_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n and_o other_o valuable_a privilege_n and_o exemption_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o king_n that_o former_a be_v date_n nihil_fw-la expectantes_fw-la this_o be_v date_n &_o dabitur_fw-la vobis_fw-la and_o indeed_o the_o recompense_n that_o the_o merchant_n have_v by_o this_o charter_n grant_v unto_o they_o make_v their_o grant_n to_o the_o king_n less_o subject_a to_o control_v than_o otherwise_o without_o such_o recompense_n it_o will_v have_v be_v i_o mean_v the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n stranger_n so_o often_o remember_v among_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o though_o it_o be_v damn_v all_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 2._o from_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n yet_o be_v it_o revive_v by_o e._n 3._o even_o that_o very_a year_n when_o he_o likewise_o depose_v the_o king_n his_o father_n and_o usurp_v to_o himself_o his_o crown_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n that_o he_o command_v the_o same_o to_o be_v levy_v the_o very_a first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n fin._n 1._o ed._n 3._o ro._n fin._n what_o have_v be_v say_v against_o this_o kind_n of_o imposition_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v here_o again_o to_o repeat_v only_o let_v i_o call_v to_o your_o remembrance_n how_o this_o charter_n as_o need_v a_o better_a prop_n than_o his_o own_o strength_n and_o validity_n in_o law_n be_v in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n confirm_v by_o parliament_n and_o only_o by_o that_o strength_n continue_v in_o force_n at_o this_o day_n you_o have_v hear_v five_o or_o six_o several_a politic_a invention_n and_o devise_n for_o the_o easy_a draw_v on_o and_o sweeten_v of_o this_o yoke_n of_o imposition_n all_o practise_v by_o this_o prudent_a and_o potent_a king_n ed._n 3._o who_o time_n be_v indeed_o so_o troublesome_a and_o his_o charge_n every_o way_n so_o excessive_a as_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o any_o way_n unattempted_a to_o raise_v money_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o he_o always_o find_v unwilling_o and_o hardly_o draw_v to_o matter_n of_o charge_n one_o other_o way_n of_o imposition_n he_o use_v commandment_n imposition_n lay_v by_o express_v and_o direct_a commandment_n not_o colour_v or_o mask_v under_o any_o such_o pretence_n or_o politic_a invention_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v but_o plain_a and_o direct_v only_o his_o own_o express_a commandment_n to_o his_o officer_n to_o collect_v of_o every_o merchant_n so_o much_o for_o such_o a_o commodity_n export_v or_o import_v and_o to_o answer_v it_o into_o his_o exchequer_n without_o any_o recital_n in_o his_o commission_n of_o grant_n assent_n gift_n loane_n of_o merchant_n dispensation_n or_o ordinance_n in_o parliament_n or_o any_o other_o such_o colourable_a pretext_n whatsoever_o

one_o aid_n or_o other_o in_o parliament_n sometime_o a_o tax_n sometime_o a_o fifteen_o sometime_o a_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n &_o poundage_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n he_o be_v enforce_v to_o go_v in_o person_n into_o ireland_n to_o settle_v the_o state_n of_o that_o country_n then_o in_o rebelion_n all_o these_o trouble_v he_o have_v from_o abroad_o beside_o those_o famous_a rebellion_n here_o at_o home_n which_o afterward_o cast_v he_o out_o of_o his_o seat_n yet_o do_v he_o never_o for_o all_o this_o attempt_n to_o lay_v imposition_n though_o he_o want_v not_o about_o he_o to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o absolute_a power_n for_o edward_n strafford_n bishop_n of_o exeter_n lord_z chancellor_z of_o england_n in_o a_o sermon_n make_v to_o the_o parliament_n hold_v anno_fw-la 21._o as_o our_o chronicle_n report_v do_v public_o maintaint_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o any_o law_n but_o be_v of_o himself_o absolute_a &_o above_o law_n and_o that_o to_o control_v 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king_n to_o sustain_v any_o public_a charge_n except_o it_o be_v by_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o parliament_n i_o proceed_v from_o ed._n 4._o to_o hen._n 7._o 7._o hen._n 7._o omit_v ed._n 5._o and_o ric._n 3._o because_o of_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o reign_n hen._n 7._o book_n h._n 7._o have_v a_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v to_o he_o for_o his_o life_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o parl._n roll_v 1_o h._n 7._o which_o appear_v no_o where_n in_o our_o print_a book_n have_v indeed_o a_o more_o peaceable_a time_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o altogether_o free_a from_o trouble_n both_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o from_o abroad_o but_o his_o natural_a inclination_n be_v rather_o to_o embrace_v peace_n he_o be_v so_o provident_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o gather_n and_o store_v up_o of_o treasure_n as_o never_o any_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v therein_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o he_o he_o do_v himself_o take_v the_o 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move_v i_o herein_o be_v that_o there_o be_v in_o h._n 7._o time_n such_o a_o occasion_n offer_v of_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n as_o there_o can_v not_o possible_o happen_v any_o other_o that_o may_v better_o have_v justify_v the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n which_o be_v this_o the_o venetian_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o drive_v our_o merchant_n from_o fetch_v sweet_a wine_n at_o candy_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o employ_v their_o own_o ship_n and_o merchant_n do_v impose_v upon_o every_o but_o of_o malmsey_n bring_v thence_o by_o english_a merchant_n four_o ducat_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o english_a whole_o lose_v that_o trade_n and_o the_o venetian_n make_v the_o whole_a profit_n thereof_o this_o mischief_n be_v no_o other_o way_n better_o to_o be_v remedy_v than_o by_o impose_v the_o like_a or_o a_o great_a charge_n upon_o merchant_n of_o candy_n bring_v malmsey_n into_o england_n that_o so_o they_o of_o candy_n not_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v they_o better_o 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open_v it_o unto_o you_o and_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n that_o for_o the_o counterpoyse_v of_o the_o imposition_n of_o four_o ducat_n lay_v by_o the_o venetian_n upon_o our_o merchant_n there_o be_v impose_v 18s._o for_o a_o but_o of_o malmsey_n upon_o their_o merchant_n bring_v it_o hither_o to_o last_o as_o long_o as_o the_o imposition_n of_o four_o ducat_n which_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n come_v but_o to_o 18s._o of_o our_o money_n shall_v endure_v it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o this_o king_n consider_v his_o other_o action_n will_v have_v suffer_v this_o to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o parliament_n if_o he_o have_v think_v he_o may_v have_v lawful_o do_v it_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v almost_o be_v gainsaid_a that_o in_o these_o time_n this_o pretend_a prerogative_n of_o lay_v imposition_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v against_o law_n hen._n 8._o his_o son_n and_o successor_n 8._o 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which_o not_o answer_v his_o expectation_n he_o do_v the_o same_o year_n raise_v unto_o himself_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n by_o abase_v his_o gold_n such_o thing_n as_o these_o prince_n never_o put_v in_o practice_n but_o when_o all_o other_o mean_n fail_v they_o and_o yet_o he_o go_v many_o degree_n beyond_o this_o for_o in_o the_o 27._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o suppress_v above_o 370_o religious_a house_n the_o yearly_a value_n of_o who_o revenue_n i_o have_v read_v to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 32000l._o per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o those_o day_n and_o that_o of_o their_o good_n sell_v at_o very_o low_a prize_n he_o make_v above_o 100000l._o in_o present_a money_n about_o 4._o year_n after_o he_o dissolve_v all_o the_o monastery_n abbey_v priory_n

plowdens_n argument_n against_o it_o in_o m._n tates_n hand_n but_o their_o resolution_n be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v at_o least_o by_o we_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o if_o they_o have_v give_v judgement_n for_o the_o queen_n it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v keep_v close_o but_o howsoever_o the_o profit_n be_v too_o great_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o it_o continue_v till_o this_o day_n howsoever_o the_o reason_n in_o equity_n in_o the_o lay_v this_o imposition_n upon_o cloth_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v sound_n unto_o some_o man_n and_o so_o to_o allow_v of_o this_o imposition_n as_o differ_v from_o we_o yet_o for_o my_o part_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o when_o i_o consider_v what_o course_n be_v take_v by_o ed._n 3._o upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n a_o 11._o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o &_o 2._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o wool_n shall_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v wear_v cloth_n other_o than_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v make_v in_o england_n this_o law_n take_v such_o effect_n as_o within_o ten_o year_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wool_n in_o england_n be_v make_v into_o cloth_n and_o it_o become_v to_o be_v transport_v in_o such_o abundance_n by_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v no_o custom_n at_o all_o due_a upon_o cloth_n and_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n upon_o wool_n be_v very_o high_a that_o in_o the_o 21_o year_n the_o king_n find_v his_o custom_n of_o wool_n so_o much_o decrease_v do_v seek_v to_o remedy_v it_o not_o by_o impose_v a_o new_a charge_n upon_o cloth_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n as_o qu._n mary_n do_v but_o do_v it_o by_o assent_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o full_a parliament_n as_o i_o collect_v partly_o by_o my_o l._n dyer_n in_o the_o place_n last_o mention_v but_o more_o full_o by_o a_o recital_n in_o a_o record_n among_o we_o of_o 24._o e_o 3._o ro_o 13._o orig_v de_fw-fr scaccar_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o whereas_o the_o 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shall_v be_v bring_v from_o france_n be_v then_o in_o enmity_n with_o england_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wine_n which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v a_o strange_a clause_n in_o a_o proclamation_n immediate_o after_o this_o restraint_n there_o be_v a_o order_n make_v by_o the_o qu._n and_o her_o privy_a counsel_n that_o such_o as_o will_v may_v bring_v in_o french_a wine_n notwithstanding_o the_o proclamation_n pay_v forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o tun_n by_o the_o name_n of_o impost_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o record_n in_o the_o roll_n of_o easter_n term_n 1_o eliz._n in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o k._n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o germane_a ciol_n case_n german_n ciol_n case_n against_o who_o a_o information_n be_v exhibit_v for_o not_o pay_v the_o say_a imposition_n whereunto_o take_v it_o by_o way_n of_o traverse_n that_o there_o be_v any_o law_n of_o the_o land_n by_o which_o he_o may_v be_v charge_v with_o impost_n he_o plead_v a_o licence_n make_v unto_o he_o an_z 1._o &_o 2._o ph._n &_o mar._n to_o import_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o ton_n of_o wine_n within_o a_o certain_a time_n any_o restraint_n then_o make_v or_o afterward_o to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o provide_v always_o that_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o other_o duty_n due_a and_o accustom_a to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n be_v due_o satisfy_v he_o show_v that_o for_o all_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o he_o during_o the_o life_n of_o queen_n mary_n he_o pay_v the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n viz._n three_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v due_a and_o accustom_a to_o be_v pay_v upon_o this_o plea_n a_o demurrer_n be_v join_v and_o judgement_n give_v thereupon_o against_o the_o queen_n this_o judgement_n have_v be_v enforce_v in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o imposition_n whether_o or_o no_o it_o make_v not_o rather_o against_o they_o i_o leave_v to_o your_o censure_n near_o about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v imposition_n lay_v also_o by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o all_o french_a commodity_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v import_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o port-booke_n of_o those_o time_n in_o the_o exchequer_n which_o imposition_n be_v receive_v to_o the_o use_n of_o queen_n eliz._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o 1_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n but_o ere_o the_o year_n end_v they_o be_v all_o take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o port-booke_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v a_o great_a argument_n that_o they_o be_v not_o then_o hold_v lawful_a for_o prince_n do_v not_o so_o easy_o give_v over_o their_o hold_n in_o matter_n of_o profit_n if_o they_o be_v any_o way_n able_a to_o maintain_v it_o what_o have_v hitherto_o uphold_v the_o imposition_n upon_o wine_n i_o know_v not_o except_o it_o be_v the_o great_a profit_n that_o come_v by_o it_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o because_o there_o be_v never_o any_o late_a judgement_n give_v direct_o against_o imposition_n you_o have_v hitherto_o hear_v what_o reason_n and_o direct_v proof_n i_o have_v use_v statute_n admit_v the_o king_n have_v power_n by_o the_o common-lawe_n to_o lay_v imposition_n yet_o he_o be_v bar_v by_o statute_n to_o maintain_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n can_v at_o he_o will_v increase_v his_o custom_n by_o way_n of_o imposition_n you_o have_v second_o hear_v what_o the_o practice_n of_o former_a age_n have_v be_v in_o this_o kind_n till_o this_o day_n from_o which_o i_o have_v also_o draw_v reason_n of_o inference_n that_o prove_v the_o common-law_n so_o to_o be_v but_o now_o admit_v that_o by_o the_o common-law_n it_o have_v be_v clear_a and_o without_o question_n that_o the_o king_n may_v at_o he_o will_v have_v lay_v imposition_n and_o that_o also_o the_o same_o can_v have_v be_v clear_o prove_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n yet_o i_o affirm_v that_o so_o stand_v the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o statute_n direct_o in_o the_o point_n as_o the_o king_n power_n if_o ever_o he_o have_v any_o to_o impose_v be_v not_o only_o limit_v but_o utter_o take_v away_o as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a evident_o to_o prove_v notwithstanding_o any_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o statute_n to_o this_o sense_n the_o first_o statute_n be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o answer_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o enforce_a and_o the_o objection_n make_v against_o it_o answer_v the_o word_n be_v all_o merchant_n if_o they_o be_v not_o open_o prohibit_v before_o shall_v have_v their_o safe_a and_o sure_a conduct_n to_o enter_v and_o depart_v to_o go_v and_o tarry_v in_o the_o realm_n as_o well_o by_o land_n as_o by_o water_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v without_o any_o evil_a toll_n by_o the_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n except_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o if_o they_o be_v of_o the_o land_n make_v war_n against_o we_o and_o be_v find_v in_o our_o realm_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n they_o shall_v be_v attach_v without_o harm_n of_o body_n or_o good_n until_o it_o be_v know_v to_o we_o or_o our_o justice_n how_o our_o merchant_n be_v entreat_v there_o in_o the_o land_n make_v war_n against_o we_o etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o which_o this_o be_v a_o branch_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a statute-law_n we_o have_v win_v and_o seal_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o our_o ancestor_n so_o reverence_v in_o former_a time_n that_o it_o have_v be_v by_o parliament_n provide_v that_o transcript_n thereof_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o all_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o england_n there_o to_o remain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v twice_o every_o

sibi_fw-la de_fw-la maletoltis_n quas_fw-la faciet_fw-la rex_fw-la as_o touch_v the_o word_n toll_n toll_n derivation_n of_o the_o word_n toll_n which_o they_o say_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o toll_n for_o passage_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n it_o behoove_v i_o to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o derivation_n thereof_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v very_o often_o use_v in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n and_o by_o the_o derivation_n thereof_o the_o natural_a and_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v best_o understand_v i_o hold_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n teolonium_n which_o signify_v custom_n by_o cut_v off_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o word_n and_o retain_v only_o the_o first_o part_n teol_n by_o contraction_n toll_n of_o which_o manner_n of_o derivation_n there_o be_v infinite_a example_n in_o our_o language_n the_o latin_a teolonium_n as_o say_v calvin_n in_o his_o lexicon_fw-la juris_fw-la civilis_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a telos_n which_o signify_v aswell_o custom_n as_o it_o do_v finis_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o customer_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a telonarii_n thus_o you_o see_v that_o the_o genuine_a and_o primative_a signification_n of_o our_o word_n toll_n be_v no_o other_o than_o custom_n upon_o merchandize_n from_o the_o word_n toll_n be_v come_v those_o two_o barbarous_a latin_a word_n find_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n toltum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n use_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 16_o h._n 6._o but_o even_o now_o vouch_v by_o i_o and_o tolnetum_n the_o original_a word_n in_o the_o statute_n now_o in_o question_n which_o i_o must_v confess_v be_v also_o in_o our_o law_n latin_a use_v by_o we_o for_o toll_n in_o the_o market_n and_o toll_n for_o passage_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o register_n and_o the_o book_n of_o enetry_n but_o in_o this_o place_n malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la proper_o signify_v not_o a_o toll_n in_o the_o common_a sense_n but_o a_o unlawful_a charge_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o a_o increase_n of_o custom_n according_a to_o the_o primitive_a signification_n which_o be_v evident_o prove_v in_o that_o it_o be_v here_o oppose_v to_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n sine_fw-la omnibus_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr per_fw-la certas_fw-la &_o antiquas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la wherefore_o it_o ought_v so_o to_o have_v be_v translate_v for_o so_o it_o signify_v without_o imposition_n by_o the_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n this_o exposition_n and_o translation_n be_v further_o warrant_v by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n maletolt_n so_o often_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n &_o record_n which_o without_o scruple_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a malum_fw-la tolnetum_n the_o very_a word_n of_o our_o statute_n i_o find_v it_o diverse_o write_v maletout_a maletolt_n maletot_n and_o sometime_o maletent_a but_o i_o never_o find_v it_o any_o where_o use_v in_o any_o other_o sense_n then_o for_o a_o imposition_n by_o way_n of_o increase_n of_o custom_n upon_o merchandize_n sometime_o indeed_o but_o that_o very_o rare_o it_o be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n for_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a custom_n as_o the_o word_n imposition_n sometime_o be_v but_o then_o common_o it_o be_v accompany_v with_o another_o word_n to_o free_v it_o from_o the_o worst_a sense_n as_o droiturel_fw-fr maletout_fw-fr etc._n etc._n that_o malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr be_v in_o this_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v translate_v imposition_n may_v be_v far_o prove_v by_o that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o writer_n of_o the_o french_a history_n one_o jean_n serres_n who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n le_fw-fr beau_n king_n of_o france_n which_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v rebellion_n in_o france_n because_o of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o k._n which_o in_o those_o day_n they_o do_v say_v he_o call_v maletouts_o the_o very_a word_n then_o ancient_o use_v in_o engl._n for_o imposition_n as_o may_v plentiful_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o record_n of_o h._n 3._o ed._n 1._o ed._n 2._o &_o ed._n 3._o imposition_n the_o word_n imposition_n for_o the_o word_n imposition_n be_v not_o use_v in_o any_o french_a record_n statute_n or_o other_o for_o aught_o i_o have_v see_v till_o ed._n 3._o i_o find_v it_o once_o use_v in_o latin_a 12._o ed._n 3._o in_o the_o letter_n which_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o excuse_v he_o to_o the_o people_n for_o lay_v imposition_n and_o as_o all_o that_o letter_n throughout_o be_v of_o a_o eloquent_a stile_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v he_o be_v careful_a to_o avoid_v also_o that_o barbarous_a word_n malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la though_o common_a and_o familiar_a and_o in_o stead_n thereof_o to_o use_v the_o pure_a latin_a word_n impositio_fw-la silvius_n write_v upon_o tully_n oration_n for_o marcus_n fonteius_n where_o these_o word_n be_v use_v by_o tully_n imposuit_fw-la vectigal_a say_v ita_fw-la usitatum_fw-la vulgo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la nova_fw-la appellent_fw-la impositiones_fw-la the_o word_n vectigal_n in_o this_o place_n though_o in_o a_o general_a sense_n it_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o any_o revenue_n whatsoever_o yet_o with_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o excellence_n common_o use_v for_o custom_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o calvin_n in_o his_o lexicon_n vectigal_n quod_fw-la fisco_fw-la vel_fw-la reipubl_n portorii_fw-la nomine_fw-la pendintur_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la mercibus_fw-la quae_fw-la invehuntur_fw-la vel_fw-la evehuntur_fw-la sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v with_o it_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a distinction_n the_o word_n portorium_n as_o a_o man_n will_v say_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n agreeable_a with_o which_o upon_o some_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n i_o have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v call_v exitus_fw-la portuum_fw-la by_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o impositio_fw-la in_o pure_a latin_a and_o imposition_n in_o english_a be_v the_o same_o with_o maletolt_n in_o french_a and_o malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n latin_a and_o they_o do_v all_o signify_v a_o new_a increase_n of_o custom_n and_o not_o any_o thing_n else_o wherefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o these_o word_n sine_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr in_o our_o present_a statute_n be_v natural_o and_o proper_o to_o be_v expound_v and_o understand_v of_o imposition_n and_o so_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v translate_v and_o not_o as_o they_o be_v and_o although_o the_o word_n imposition_n itself_o as_o also_o the_o word_n maletout_a and_o malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la may_v be_v as_o i_o have_v confess_v take_v as_o well_o for_o a_o new_a increase_n of_o custom_n by_o a_o lawful_a mean_n viz._n by_o assent_n in_o parliament_n as_o for_o a_o increase_n of_o custom_n by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n which_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o by_o the_o word_n that_o immediate_o follow_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o statute_n do_v only_o intend_v unlawful_a imposition_n that_o be_v imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n otherwise_o will_v they_o not_o have_v be_v oppose_v to_o due_a and_o rightful_a custom_n as_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n they_o be_v but_o because_o there_o have_v be_v some_o exception_n also_o take_v to_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n custom_n in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o i_o take_v it_o that_o be_v for_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n for_o that_o the_o word_n in_o the_o original_a be_v consuetudo_fw-la expound_v the_o word_n custom_n custuma_n and_o consuetudo_fw-la expound_v which_o signify_v a_o usage_n and_o not_o custuma_n which_o be_v the_o latin_a word_n we_o now_o use_v for_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n it_o behoove_v i_o therefore_o to_o say_v something_o touch_v these_o word_n consetudo_fw-la and_o custuma_n for_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o scruple_n this_o word_n consuetudo_fw-la in_o his_o first_o and_o proper_a signification_n do_v i_o confess_v signify_v a_o usage_n or_o practice_v of_o a_o thing_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o record_n in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o and_o ed._n 1._o this_o word_n in_o a_o more_o special_a manner_n be_v apply_v to_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o reason_n of_o trade_n as_o consuetudo_fw-la aquae_fw-la thamesis_n consuetudo_fw-la piscis_fw-la venientis_fw-la ad_fw-la vicum_fw-la pontis_fw-la london_n consuetudo_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la scavagium_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gage_n but_o yet_o more_o special_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o that_o duty_n which_o we_o follow_v the_o same_o rule_n because_o of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o revenue_n do_v likewise_o per_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la call_v custom_n this_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o pipe_n roll_n

sentit_fw-la se_fw-la gravatam_fw-la de_fw-fr vectigali_fw-la lana_n enim_fw-la angliae_fw-la fere_n extendit_fw-la ad_fw-la medietatem_fw-la valoris_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o vectigal_a ad_fw-la quintam_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o wool_n as_o you_o perceive_v be_v in_o those_o day_n esteem_v to_o be_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n it_o follow_v in_o he_o that_o upon_o complaint_n the_o subject_a at_o last_o obtain_v the_o statute_n i_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o word_n of_o which_o be_v no_o tallage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v raise_v or_o set_v by_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n in_o our_o realm_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o archbishop_n earl_n baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o other_o freeman_n of_o the_o land_n after_o these_o general_a word_n by_o way_n of_o provision_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o burden_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v lay_v in_o time_n to_o come_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n follow_v in_o the_o next_o branch_n save_o one_o especial_a provision_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o imposition_n then_o in_o demand_n upon_o wool_n which_o latter_a clause_n as_o it_o do_v clear_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o present_a grief_n to_o be_v the_o same_o which_o our_o chronicle_n say_v it_o be_v so_o do_v it_o likewise_o make_v it_o evident_a what_o it_o be_v which_o they_o seek_v to_o be_v secure_v of_o for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v neither_o be_v the_o word_n themselves_o so_o obscure_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o generalty_n of_o they_o but_o that_o they_o also_o without_o know_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o law_n do_v direct_o point_v at_o imposition_n for_o though_o indeed_o the_o word_n tallage_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o charge_n within_o the_o land_n tallage_n tallage_n yet_o the_o word_n aid_n extend_v to_o all_o charge_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o aid_n aid_n nay_o that_o even_o imposition_n themselves_o have_v be_v call_v aid_n or_o subsidy_n which_o be_v all_o one_o be_v evident_a by_o almost_o all_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n here_o among_o we_o especial_o by_o those_o of_o ed._n 3._o time_n in_o which_o wheresoever_o you_o find_v any_o mention_n make_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o commission_n of_o a_o imposition_n raise_v by_o he_o he_o ever_o call_v it_o subsidium_fw-la or_o auxilium_fw-la subsidy_n subsidy_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o print_a statute_n of_o 36_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 11._o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o imposition_n by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n there_o mention_v be_v call_v a_o subsidy_n or_o aid_n this_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n aid_n concur_v with_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n strong_o enforce_v this_o statute_n against_o imposition_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o this_o stat._n there_o be_v no_o save_v or_o exception_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a right_n which_o as_o our_o chronicle_n 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save_v to_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n the_o custom_n of_o wool_n skin_n and_o leather_n grant_v before_o by_o the_o cominalty_n aforesaid_a i_o may_v in_o enforce_v this_o statute_n rely_v upon_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n for_o the_o exposition_n of_o statute_n of_o this_o nature_n omnis_fw-la impositio_fw-la est_fw-la odiosa_fw-la ideo_fw-la stricta_fw-la contra_fw-la impositiones_fw-la &_o large_a ad_fw-la favorem_fw-la gravatorum_fw-la interpretanda_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la contra_fw-la impositiones_fw-la data_fw-la but_o there_o shall_v not_o need_v any_o such_o favourable_a construction_n for_o the_o word_n be_v in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a the_o law_n consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v the_o king_n grant_v of_o a_o petition_n make_v by_o the_o commons_o for_o the_o release_n of_o a_o imposition_n of_o 40_o upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n then_o in_o demand_n when_o the_o present_a grief_n be_v end_v the_o next_o care_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mischief_n in_o all_o time_n to_o come_v it_o therefore_o follow_v and_o we_o have_v grant_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o their_o common_a assent_n which_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law_n the_o save_n in_o the_o end_n be_v the_o three_o part_n against_o this_o general_a provision_n two_o objection_n have_v be_v make_v answer_v the_o first_o objection_n that_o this_o statute_n be_v only_o against_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o imposition_n then_o lay_v and_o not_o against_o the_o right_n of_o impose_v answer_v first_o that_o the_o word_n no_o such_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o burthensomnesse_n and_o excess_n of_o imposition_n and_o not_o otherwise_o no_o such_o thing_n that_o be_v say_v they_o no_o such_o grievous_a imposition_n as_o this_o present_a imposition_n be_v it_o have_v be_v a_o poor_a security_n for_o time_n to_o come_v to_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o interpretation_n whether_o or_o no_o imposition_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o after_o age_n be_v as_o grievous_a as_o the_o imposition_n complain_v of_o in_o this_o time_n by_o compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o it_o be_v so_o uncertain_a a_o computation_n as_o no_o man_n when_o he_o think_v thorough_o of_o it_o can_v imagine_v that_o man_n worthy_a to_o sit_v at_o the_o make_n of_o law_n shall_v suffer_v such_o a_o thing_n to_o pass_v they_o who_o can_v certain_o say_v whether_o our_o imposition_n be_v more_o or_o less_o grievous_a than_o the_o rate_n of_o 40_o upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n beside_o how_o easy_o have_v this_o law_n be_v to_o have_v be_v delude_v by_o abate_v only_o 12_o or_o but_z 1_o in_o the_o next_o imposition_n for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o penny_n less_o it_o be_v no_o such_o imposition_n for_o the_o burden_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v expound_v of_o the_o quality_n and_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o ibidem_fw-la 26_o ed._n 1._o interbrevia_n retâ—rn_n de_fw-fr term._n mich._n in_o scac._n in_o offic_n rem_fw-la thesaurar_fw-it ibidem_fw-la and_o not_o of_o the_o quantity_n no_o such_o thing_n that_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o this_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o imposition_n but_o that_o which_o will_v clear_v this_o objection_n be_v a_o proclamation_n make_v the_o very_a next_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n in_o which_o the_o king_n recite_v this_o act_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n we_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n use_v these_o word_n nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la custumam_n sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la capiemus_fw-la not_o only_a no_o such_o but_o no_o other_o by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v then_o interpret_v in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o i_o do_v now_o interpret_v they_o but_o admit_v say_v they_o answer_v the_o second_o objection_n that_o be_v only_o against_o imposition_n upon_o wool_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v so_o to_o be_v expound_v that_o the_o king_n will_v lay_v no_o other_o imposition_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n that_o be_v to_o be_v vuderstood_v say_v they_o no_o other_o imposition_n upon_o wool_n and_o not_o otherwise_o which_o be_v their_o second_o objection_n it_o be_v a_o very_a strict_a construction_n for_o a_o statute_n of_o so_o beneficial_a a_o intent_n as_o this_o be_v so_o to_o restrain_v it_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o do_v enlarge_v the_o exposition_n but_o by_o the_o word_n follow_v it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o the_o scope_n of_o this_o law_n be_v more_o liberal_a than_o so_o and_o that_o the_o king_n intent_n be_v for_o ever_o to_o secure_v his_o subject_n against_o all_o charge_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o mean_v imposition_n not_o upon_o wool_n only_o but_o upon_o any_o other_o merchandise_n whatsoever_o which_o i_o collect_v from_o lay_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o

fourteen_o twelve_o year_n her_o age_n of_o consent_n and_o nine_o year_n capable_a to_o be_v endow_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n give_v to_o sue_v a_o appeal_n the_o like_a limitation_n of_o a_o year_n and_o day_n in_o very_a many_o other_o case_n in_o effect_n who_o reduce_v all_o the_o know_a ground_n of_o the_o common_a law_n to_o that_o certainty_n that_o now_o they_o be_v because_o we_o can_v tell_v how_o or_o when_o they_o begin_v shall_v we_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o they_o begin_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n and_o infer_v that_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v be_v change_v at_o his_o pleasure_n if_o the_o king_n may_v increase_v his_o fine_n upon_o the_o purchase_n of_o original_a writt_n which_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n he_o may_v do_v that_o he_o may_v do_v his_o custom_n nay_o he_o have_v more_o colour_n for_o this_o then_o for_o that_o because_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n against_o this_o he_o may_v easy_o raise_v that_o revenue_n to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o custom_n but_o no_o man_n can_v nor_o will_v i_o hope_v offer_v to_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v lawful_a you_o see_v the_o weakness_n and_o the_o dangerous_a consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n by_o compare_v it_o to_o other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n all_o these_o thing_n begin_v no_o man_n can_v say_v certain_o when_o or_o how_o but_o by_o a_o tacit_n consent_n of_o king_n and_o people_n and_o the_o long_a approbation_n of_o time_n beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o any_o man_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n can_v direct_o affirm_v but_o that_o most_o of_o they_o may_v begin_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o now_o there_o be_v no_o record_n extant_a of_o such_o ancient_a parliament_n the_o first_o parliament_n be_v not_o keep_v 9_o h._n 3_o though_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o our_o book_n if_o we_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o other_o record_n and_o to_o our_o best_a chronicler_n parliament_n the_o antiquity_n of_o parliament_n we_o shall_v hear_v and_o read_v of_o divers_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o of_o his_o predecessor_n rich._n 1._o and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 2._o of_o two_o famous_a parliament_n one_o at_o claringdon_n in_o wiltshire_n the_o other_o at_o gedington_n in_o north-hamptonshire_n and_o although_o our_o chronicle_n say_v that_o the_o first_o parliament_n keep_v in_o this_o realm_n be_v hold_v 19_o aprilis_n 16_o h._n 1._o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n hold_v parliament_n for_o what_o can_v be_v else_o understand_v by_o these_o word_n per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la stabilitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la which_o i_o find_v in_o mr._n lambert_n collection_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n of_o w._n the_o conqueror_n many_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o e._n 1._o have_v no_o other_o word_n nay_o long_o before_o he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 712._o in_o the_o time_n of_o inas_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v parliament_n hold_v and_o that_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n as_o at_o this_o day_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n inas_fw-la in_o mr._n lambert_n suasu_fw-la &_o instituto_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la senatorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o natu_fw-la majorum_fw-la populi_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o frequentia_fw-la magna_fw-la and_o more_o plain_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o some_o other_o of_o his_o law_n hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientium_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o latin_a which_o we_o be_v in_o english_a by_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o why_o may_v not_o the_o custom_n upon_o wool_n be_v first_o grant_v at_o one_o of_o these_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o to_o have_v it_o first_o begin_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n there_o be_v no_o more_o probability_n of_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o because_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n be_v burn_v in_o h._n 2._o time_n when_o the_o exchequer_n be_v burn_v shall_v we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v neâ—er_o any_o such_o you_o see_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o argument_n in_o all_o the_o point_n thereof_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o pass_v to_o another_o the_o king_n may_v say_v they_o restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n at_o his_o pleasure_n answer_v the_o second_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n may_v total_o restrain_v the_o import_v and_o export_v of_o merchandize_n therefore_o he_o may_v do_v it_o sub_fw-la modo_fw-la by_o lay_v of_o a_o imposition_n answer_v which_o they_o prove_v by_o divers_a record_n 2_o e._n 1._o m._n 18._o ro._n par._n 2_o e_o 1._o m._n 17._o ro._n fin_n 31_o e._n 1._o n._n 44._o ro._n pat._n 17_o h._n 6._o ro._n clo._n in_o dorso_fw-la upon_o which_o they_o infer_v that_o if_o he_o may_v restrain_v a_o merchant_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o pass_v at_o all_o he_o may_v much_o more_o so_o restrain_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o pass_v except_o he_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o this_o say_v they_o be_v less_o than_o total_o to_o restrain_v he_o and_o cui_fw-la licet_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la licet_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la of_o this_o argument_n my_o l._n dyer_n give_v light_a in_o his_o case_n of_o imposition_n 1_o eliz._n and_o this_o have_v be_v diverse_o enforce_v by_o all_o that_o have_v argue_v for_o imposition_n in_o answer_n of_o which_o i_o will_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n and_o then_o will_v examine_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o argument_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v the_o king_n can_v restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n but_o for_o some_o special_a cause_n wherein_o to_o define_v certain_o and_o resolute_o to_o say_v for_o what_o cause_v he_o may_v and_o for_o what_o not_o i_o will_v not_o undertake_v only_o let_v i_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o precedent_n vouch_v by_o they_o to_o prove_v the_o king_n power_n to_o restrain_v but_o they_o be_v upon_o special_a reason_n as_o by_o reason_n of_o enmity_n with_o such_o a_o nation_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v restrain_v or_o because_o such_o a_o commodity_n may_v not_o be_v spare_v within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o they_o be_v not_o restraint_n from_o all_o place_n and_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandize_n but_o from_o certain_a place_n only_o and_o for_o certain_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v that_o restraint_n in_o all_o these_o case_n and_o of_o like_a nature_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n leave_v to_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o merchant_n for_o a_o little_a private_a lucre_n to_o enrich_v the_o king_n enemy_n or_o to_o furnish_v they_o with_o munition_n to_o be_v employ_v against_o the_o state_n or_o utter_o to_o ruin_v the_o commonwealth_n by_o carry_v out_o a_o commodity_n which_o may_v not_o be_v spare_v or_o by_o bring_v in_o of_o some_o that_o may_v be_v hurtful_a nay_o which_o be_v more_o such_o may_v be_v the_o occasion_n that_o the_o king_n may_v i_o doubt_v not_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o all_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n for_o a_o short_a time_n as_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n it_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n to_o prevent_v intelligence_n there_o may_v likewise_o be_v such_o necessary_a use_n of_o their_o ship_n as_o the_o want_n of_o they_o upon_o some_o sudden_a attempt_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n in_o such_o case_n as_o these_o if_o the_o common_a law_n do_v not_o give_v the_o king_n leave_v to_o restrain_v their_o passage_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n it_o be_v very_o improvident_a in_o the_o high_a point_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v of_o so_o wise_a a_o law_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o absolute_a power_n in_o this_o point_n for_o there_o be_v little_o less_o than_o 30._o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v the_o open_n and_o shut_v up_o of_o the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n most_o of_o which_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v make_v rather_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o punishment_n then_o for_o want_v of_o power_n in_o the_o king_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o restraint_n by_o absolute_a commandment_n be_v punishable_a as_o all_o other_o contempt_n only_o by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o not_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o merchandize_n

as_o in_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o wine_n an._n 5._o of_o queen_n mary_n vouch_v by_o i_o and_o be_v in_o some_o of_o those_o old_a precedent_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o from_o other_o contempt_n you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v yield_v to_o their_o proposition_n that_o the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o absolute_a power_n restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n and_o have_v therein_o grant_v more_o than_o their_o precedent_n prove_v but_o be_v the_o consequence_n good_a that_o because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v therefore_o he_o may_v impose_v upon_o such_o as_o pass_v first_o i_o deny_v that_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v any_o restraint_n at_o all_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o french_a wine_n by_o queen_n mary_n by_o her_o proclamation_n go_v before_o the_o imposition_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n prefix_v before_o the_o last_o book_n of_o rate_n by_o which_o instrument_n the_o imposition_n now_o complain_v of_o be_v altogether_o raise_v you_o shall_v find_v it_o no_o other_o than_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n so_o to_o have_v it_o and_o a_o course_n prescribe_v for_o levy_v of_o it_o but_o admit_v that_o the_o very_o lay_v of_o a_o imposition_n do_v imply_v a_o restraint_n yet_o i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v total_o that_o therefore_o he_o may_v restrain_v for_o a_o time_n or_o from_o certain_a place_n or_o certain_a commodity_n or_o certain_a merchant_n this_o indeed_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n a_o majori_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la but_o because_o he_o may_v restrain_v total_o therefore_o that_o he_o may_v give_v passage_n for_o money_n be_v no_o good_a consequence_n for_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v no_o restraint_n at_o all_o but_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o passage_n for_o money_n if_o there_o be_v just_a occasion_n of_o a_o restraint_n the_o law_n give_v the_o king_n power_n to_o restrain_v but_o when_o merchant_n may_v without_o hurt_n of_o the_o state_n have_v passage_n as_o in_o our_o case_n to_o enforce_v they_o to_o pay_v for_o that_o passage_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n as_o unlawful_a as_o to_o enforce_v any_o man_n whatsoever_o to_o pay_v for_o do_v that_o which_o he_o may_v lawful_o do_v merchant_n have_v as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v as_o good_a inheritance_n in_o their_o trade_n as_o any_o man_n in_o his_o land_n and_o when_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o good_a of_o the_o state_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v they_o ought_v to_o pass_v as_o free_o without_o charge_n impose_v on_o they_o as_o any_o man_n ought_v to_o hold_v his_o inheritance_n or_o any_o artificer_n or_o other_o tradesman_n ought_v to_o exercise_v their_o lawful_a trade_n and_o mean_n of_o live_v free_a from_o burden_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n if_o all_o other_o shall_v be_v free_a and_o only_a merchant_n who_o adventure_n their_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o so_o many_o danger_n to_o bring_v we_o from_o far_a place_n such_o thing_n as_o without_o which_o we_o can_v subsist_v and_o to_o return_v we_o profit_v for_o our_o superfluity_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o involuntarie_a burden_n their_o estate_n be_v of_o all_o other_o man_n most_o unhappy_a and_o slavish_a which_o of_o all_o other_o trade_n be_v indeed_o the_o noble_a and_o most_o worthy_a to_o be_v cherish_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o note_v that_o in_o all_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n where_o the_o merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o imposition_n at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n the_o landlord_n the_o farmer_n the_o artificer_n the_o very_a ploughman_n and_o all_o other_o be_v in_o like_a sort_n subject_n to_o tax_n and_o burden_n when_o the_o king_n please_v the_o merchant_n be_v not_o the_o man_n alone_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o tax_n and_o all_o other_o man_n free_a if_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o our_o common_a wealth_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o free_v all_o other_o trade_n and_o profession_n from_o tax_n much_o more_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v think_v reasonable_a that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a encourage_v in_o their_o trade_n for_o our_o case_n be_v not_o as_o it_o be_v with_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o continent_n we_o be_v islander_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n from_o all_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n have_v such_o use_n of_o merchant_n as_o we_o can_v live_v without_o they_o if_o therefore_o any_o shall_v be_v free_a among_o we_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o merchant_n and_o not_o the_o quite_o contrary_a only_o the_o merchant_n charge_v and_o all_o other_o free_a plato_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr rep._n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o merchant_n for_o his_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o custom_n whatsoever_o we_o seek_v only_o to_o be_v free_a of_o involuntary_a imposition_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o restraint_n from_o whence_o i_o be_o a_o little_a digress_v if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v in_o toto_fw-la he_o may_v restrain_v in_o tanto_fw-la it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v unto_o i_o for_o it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o in_o case_n where_o he_o can_v restrain_v in_o toto_fw-la he_o can_v restrain_v in_o tanto_fw-la but_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o will_v say_v that_o he_o may_v restrain_v the_o entrance_n and_o passage_n of_o all_o merchant_n to_o and_o from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o the_o restraint_n to_o endure_v for_o ever_o and_o for_o all_o kind_n of_o merchandize_n whatsoever_o of_o most_o necessary_a and_o common_a use_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v say_v that_o the_o law_n have_v give_v the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v so_o unreasonable_a a_o restraint_n as_o this_o for_o it_o be_v to_o give_v he_o a_o power_n to_o destroy_v merchandise_n and_o consequent_o to_o ruin_v the_o common_a wealth_n beside_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o reason_n itself_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o any_o wise_a law_n in_o the_o world_n shall_v allow_v it_o but_o if_o our_o imposition_n as_o it_o be_v say_v do_v imply_v a_o restraint_n and_o that_o a_o restraint_n be_v always_o the_o forerunner_n of_o all_o imposition_n then_o such_o a_o unreasonable_a restraint_n as_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o must_v needs_o be_v presuppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o ground_n or_o forerunner_n of_o our_o present_a imposition_n for_o in_o our_o imposition_n be_v not_o all_o the_o merchandize_n of_o necessary_a and_o common_a use_n charge_v be_v not_o all_o the_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o stranger_n import_v from_o any_o part_n or_o export_v to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n subject_n to_o the_o charge_n be_v there_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o to_o endure_v for_o ever_o if_o i_o say_v such_o a_o restraint_n have_v be_v unlawful_a which_o i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v than_o whatsoever_o impli_v such_o a_o restraint_n which_o our_o imposition_n do_v be_v likewise_o unlawful_a but_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o this_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n power_n of_o restraint_n will_v best_o appear_v by_o compare_v it_o to_o other_o case_n i_o little_a doubt_n but_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o occasion_n may_v lawful_o restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o all_o man_n through_o the_o gate_n of_o london_n as_o for_o the_o purpose_n when_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v besiege_v or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o extreme_a plague_n nay_o be_v it_o not_o by_o authority_n derive_v only_o from_o he_o that_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v every_o night_n do_v it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o because_o he_o may_v do_v it_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n or_o at_o some_o time_n that_o he_o may_v shut_v up_o the_o passage_n for_o ever_o or_o that_o presuppose_v such_o a_o restraint_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n he_o may_v lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o burden_n of_o any_o thing_n bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n and_o many_o other_o state_n in_o italy_n and_o germany_n do_v or_o upon_o every_o man_n by_o the_o poll_n that_o shall_v pass_v through_o the_o gate_n you_o see_v the_o weakness_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o how_o it_o tend_v to_o justify_v imposition_n within_o the_o land_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o the_o port_n and_o haven_n town_n of_o england_n be_v say_v they_o the_o king_n answer_v the_o three_o argument_n that_o the_o port_n be_v the_o

king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v they_o and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v answer_v and_o in_o regard_n thereof_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v i_o answer_v i._o that_o the_o position_n that_o all_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o general_o true_a for_o subject_n may_v also_o be_v owner_n of_o port_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 3._o e._n 1._o m._n 1._o parl._n where_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o king_n ed._n 1._o grant_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o port_n town_n the_o forfeiture_n grant_v to_o he_o by_o parliament_n for_o not_o due_o pay_v the_o new_a custom_n of_o the_o demy-marke_a within_o every_o several_a port_n of_o they_o where_o the_o merchandize_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v but_o admit_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o position_n yet_o be_v the_o consequence_n as_o weak_a and_o dangerous_a as_o of_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o argument_n for_o be_v not_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o all_o the_o street_n and_o highway_n in_o england_n the_o king_n and_o as_o much_o subject_n to_o be_v open_a or_o shut_v at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o the_o port_n be_v nay_o whensoever_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o highway_n in_o any_o law_n business_n we_o call_v it_o via_fw-la regius_fw-la the_o king_n highway_n and_o the_o king_n in_o his_o commission_n speak_v of_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n call_v it_o civitas_n nostra_fw-la london_n or_o civitas_n nostra_fw-la exon_n do_v it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o the_o king_n may_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o every_o man_n or_o upon_o all_o commodity_n that_o shall_v pass_v through_o any_o of_o these_o place_n nay_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o king_n own_o house_n for_o the_o purpose_n his_o palace_n of_o westminster_n be_v his_o in_o a_o far_o near_a degree_n than_o any_o of_o these_o may_v he_o therefore_o by_o his_o proclamation_n impose_v upon_o every_o man_n that_o shall_v pass_v in_o or_o out_o at_o westminster_n hall_n door_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n doubtless_o he_o may_v not_o because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o person_n public_a and_o his_o subject_n ought_v to_o have_v access_n to_o he_o as_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n sit_v by_o his_o authority_n i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o his_o majesty_n may_v upon_o just_a occasion_n cause_n any_o of_o these_o passage_n to_o be_v shut_v as_o he_o may_v also_o the_o passage_n at_o the_o havens_n but_o when_o the_o passage_n may_v without_o danger_n to_o the_o state_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v pass_v his_o majesty_n may_v not_o then_o exact_a money_n for_o their_o passage_n for_o the_o law_n have_v give_v the_o king_n power_n over_o these_o thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o thereby_o to_o charge_n and_o burden_v the_o subject_a if_o the_o king_n may_v not_o exact_a money_n for_o passage_n in_o and_o out_o of_o his_o court_n gate_n because_o of_o the_o publicness_n of_o his_o person_n nor_o for_o passage_n through_o the_o gate_n of_o city_n much_o less_o may_v he_o for_o passage_n out_o at_o the_o port_n which_o be_v the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o which_o the_o subject_n ought_v as_o free_o to_o enjoy_v as_o the_o air_n or_o the_o water_n another_o of_o their_o argument_n be_v this_o answer_v the_o four_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n to_o protect_v merchant_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o lay_v moderate_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o raise_v of_o money_n to_o defray_v his_o charge_n answer_v the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v merchant_n from_o spoil_n by_o the_o enemy_n he_o ought_v to_o fortify_v the_o havens_n that_o their_o ship_n may_v there_o abide_v in_o safety_n he_o ought_v if_o occasion_n be_v to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n to_o negotiate_v for_o they_o and_o many_o the_o like_a charge_n be_v the_o king_n by_o the_o law_n to_o undergo_v for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o merchant_n it_o be_v reason_n therefore_o that_o his_o expense_n be_v defraied_a out_o of_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o merchant_n and_o consequent_o that_o he_o may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n a_o moderate_a charge_n thereby_o to_o repay_v himself_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v thus_o far_o true_a the_o law_n expect_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v protect_v merchant_n therefore_o it_o allow_v he_o out_o of_o merchandise_n a_o revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o charge_n which_o be_v the_o old_a custom_n due_a as_o at_o first_o i_o say_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o it_o be_v no_o good_a consequence_n answer_v the_o five_o argument_n that_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v and_o if_o our_o king_n have_v not_o the_o like_a it_o may_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o this_o state_n answer_v that_o therefore_o he_o may_v take_v what_o he_o listen_v no_o more_o than_o he_o may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n increase_v that_o old_a revenue_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o for_o protect_v of_o subject_n in_o their_o suit_n or_o for_o protect_a ward_n etc._n etc._n another_o argument_n of_o they_o be_v this_o all_z other_z prince_n of_o the_o world_n may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o so_o may_v make_v our_o merchandize_n less_o vendible_a with_o they_o by_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o they_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o we_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o territory_n whereby_o their_o own_o commodity_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n may_v be_v sell_v more_o to_o the_o gain_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o our_o merchant_n impoverish_v or_o drive_v from_o his_o trade_n they_o may_v also_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o our_o merchant_n fetch_v commodity_n from_o thence_o and_o leave_v their_o own_o merchant_n free_a from_o any_o imposition_n in_o the_o same_o case_n by_o which_o their_o merchant_n shall_v reap_v all_o the_o profit_n by_o that_o commodity_n in_o afford_v it_o better_a cheap_a to_o we_o here_o than_o we_o can_v fetch_v it_o and_o consequent_o our_o merchant_n shall_v be_v undo_v many_o the_o like_a case_n have_v be_v put_v to_o prove_v that_o if_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v not_o impose_v as_o other_o prince_n may_v they_o shall_v be_v able_a at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o destroy_v our_o trade_n this_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o same_o as_o now_o it_o be_v during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o ed._n 3._o till_o queen_n mary_n and_o doubtless_o it_o can_v not_o but_o sometime_o during_o that_o long_a space_n so_o fall_v out_o that_o foreign_a prince_n do_v put_v their_o power_n in_o practice_n to_o our_o prejudice_n and_o yet_o we_o hear_v not_o of_o any_o imposition_n lay_v by_o any_o of_o our_o king_n by_o their_o absolute_a power_n which_o may_v give_v any_o man_n assurance_n that_o they_o take_v some_o other_o course_n to_o meet_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o in_o deed_n the_o mean_n be_v divers_a which_o these_o our_o king_n use_v to_o prevent_v it_o first_o they_o be_v careful_a in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n with_o foreign_a prince_n special_o to_o provide_v for_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o ancient_a league_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o league_n of_o late_a time_n that_o have_v not_o have_v a_o article_n for_o provision_n in_o this_o point_n which_o league_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v upon_o oath_n on_o both_o part_n and_o yet_o for_o further_a security_n our_o king_n have_v always_o have_v ambassador_n resident_a in_o the_o court_n of_o such_o foreign_a prince_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o league_n if_o upon_o any_o occasion_n our_o merchant_n have_v in_o that_o case_n happen_v to_o be_v never_o so_o little_o wrong_v by_o they_o &_o if_o upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o ambassador_n our_o merchant_n have_v not_o find_v redress_n our_o king_n have_v hold_v the_o league_n as_o break_v and_o denounce_v war_n or_o seize_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n subject_n within_o england_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v there_o have_v be_v more_o war_n undertake_v by_o our_o prince_n against_o foreign_a nation_n only_o for_o this_o cause_n then_o for_o any_o one_o other_o cause_n whatsoever_o beside_o our_o king_n have_v in_o this_o case_n sometime_o make_v use_n of_o that_o their_o prerogative_n of_o restraint_n either_o by_o prohibit_v our_o merchant_n from_o carry_v our_o commodity_n into_o those_o part_n where_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n that_o so_o by_o the_o want_n of_o our_o commodity_n foreign_a prince_n may_v be_v enforce_v to_o abate_v their_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o they_o or_o by_o restrain_v the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o import_v or_o export_v commodity_n from_o hence_o by_o which_o mean_v foreign_a prince_n have_v be_v compel_v to_o deal_v favourable_o with_o our_o merchant_n for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o own_o subject_n all_o these_o be_v lawful_a and_o ordinary_a mean_n to_o prevent_v or_o redress_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v grow_v by_o the_o imposition_n of_o other_o prince_n if_o all_o these_o ordinary_a mean_n shall_v happen_v to_o fail_v which_o can_v hardly_o so_o fall_v out_o and_o that_o the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n be_v indeed_o the_o only_a mean_n that_o be_v leave_v to_o redress_v the_o inconvenience_n why_o shall_v not_o that_o be_v do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o in_o these_o time_n as_o it_o be_v in_o 7._o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o to_o take_v down_o the_o imposition_n of_o four_o ducat_n upon_o a_o but_o of_o malmsey_n impose_v by_o the_o venetian_n and_o as_o it_o be_v do_v by_o queen_n eliz._n the_o 19_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n to_o prevent_v the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n by_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o saltfish_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o print_a statute_n of_o 19_o eliz._n cap._n 10._o but_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o providence_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o ordinary_a power_n of_o restraint_n may_v very_o well_o meet_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n make_v in_o maintenance_n of_o imposition_n the_o weakness_n of_o they_o and_o their_o dangerous_a consequence_n you_o can_v but_o perceive_v for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n tax_n within_o the_o land_n may_v be_v as_o well_o prove_v to_o be_v lawful_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n you_o have_v hear_v the_o reason_n against_o imposition_n fortify_v by_o many_o record_n and_o statute_n in_o the_o point_n so_o as_o i_o conclude_v that_o imposition_n neither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n or_o other_o the_o great_a necessity_n or_o occasion_n that_o may_v be_v much_o less_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n neither_o upon_o foreign_a nor_o inland_n commodity_n of_o whatsoever_o nature_n be_v they_o never_o so_o superfluous_a or_o unnecessary_a neither_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n nor_o denizen_n may_v be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n be_v it_o for_o never_o so_o short_a a_o time_n much_o less_o to_o endure_v for_o ever_o as_o we_o though_o this_o be_v now_o my_o opinion_n yet_o be_o not_o i_o so_o obstinate_a therein_o but_o if_o yet_o i_o hear_v better_a reason_n i_o will_v once_o again_o change_v my_o mind_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n you_o see_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o alter_v my_o first_o opinion_n as_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o weak_a reason_n as_o now_o they_o appear_v unto_o i_o and_o so_o i_o suppose_v they_o do_v also_o unto_o you_o finis_fw-la 7o._o julii_n 1641._o at_o a_o committee_n of_o the_o honourable_a house_n of_o commons_o for_o examination_n of_o book_n and_o of_o the_o licens_v and_o suppress_v of_o they_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v order_v that_o this_o argument_n upon_o imposition_n be_v forthwith_o publish_v in_o print_n edward_z dering_n

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